Chapter XVIII

[192] Carpenter’s _The Spirit Lake Massacre_ in the _Midland Monthly_, Vol. IV, p. 23; Mrs. Sharp’s _History of the Spirit Lake Massacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 94, 95; Hubbard and Holcombe’s _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 229. See also a different version in Palmer’s _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 30, 1857.

[193] Hubbard and Holcombe’s _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, pp. 229, 230; Laut’s _Heroines of Spirit Lake_ in the _Outing Magazine_, Vol. LI, p. 692; Mrs. Sharp’s _History of the Spirit Lake Massacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 94-99.

[194] Dr. Strong has been considerably maligned as one who upon the first alarm had become so terrified that he summarily fled south, leaving his wife and children to the mercies of an Indian attack. For a more charitable view see Palmer’s _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 30, 1857.

[195] For somewhat varying accounts of the attack upon the Thomas cabin see Palmer’s _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 30, 1857; Carpenter’s _The Spirit Lake Massacre_ in the _Midland Monthly_, Vol. IV, pp. 23-25; Gue’s _History of Iowa_, Vol. I, pp. 304, 305; Mrs. Sharp’s _History of the Spirit Lake Massacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 94-99; Hughes’s _Causes and Results of the Inkpaduta Massacre_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. XII, pp. 275, 276; Hubbard and Holcombe’s _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, pp. 229, 230; _The Spirit Lake Massacre and Relief Expedition_ in the _Roster and Record of Iowa Soldiers_, Vol. VI, pp. 898, 899.

[196] Hubbard and Holcombe’s _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 230.

[197] For the attack upon the Wood brothers see Hubbard and Holcombe’s _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 230; Hughes’s _Causes and Results of the Inkpaduta Massacre_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. XII, p. 275; Mrs. Sharp’s _History of the Spirit Lake Massacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 99, 100.

[198] Report of Captain Barnard E. Bee in _House Executive Documents_, 1st Session, 35th Congress, Vol. II, Pt. II, p. 147.

[199] All of the particulars of the events which happened at the Stewart home we owe to the relation of Johnny. He was later adopted into the home of Major William Williams at Fort Dodge and in 1915 was living in Byron, Minnesota, and at that time was one of the four living survivors of the raid. Read accounts in Hubbard and Holcombe’s _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, pp. 230, 231; Palmer’s _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 30, 1857; Gue’s _History of Iowa_, Vol. I, p. 305; Mrs. Sharp’s _History of the Spirit Lake Massacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 100, 101.

[200] Hubbard and Holcombe’s _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 232; Mrs. Sharp’s _History of the Spirit Lake Massacre_ (1902 edition), p. 107.

[201] Mrs. Sharp’s _History of the Spirit Lake Massacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 148, 149. For Mrs. Marble’s impressions see an article from the _St. Paul Pioneer_, May 31, 1857, republished in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 13, 1857.