Chapter XXI

[214] For information concerning the journey and findings of Howe, Wheelock, and Parmenter see _The Spirit Lake Massacre and Relief Expedition_ in the _Roster and Record of Iowa Soldiers_, Vol. VI, pp. 895, 896; Mrs. Sharp’s _History of the Spirit Lake Massacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 125, 126; Smith’s _History of Dickinson County, Iowa_, pp. 49, 74, 75; Carpenter’s _The Spirit Lake Massacre_ in the _Midland Monthly_, Vol. IV, p. 26; Flickinger’s _Pioneer History of Pocahontas County, Iowa_, p. 35; Gue’s _History of Iowa_, Vol. I, p. 311.

[215] _Address of Capt. Charles B. Richards_, at the placing of a memorial tablet in the Hamilton County Court House, in the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. III, p. 509.

[216] Carpenter’s _The Spirit Lake Massacre_ in the _Midland Monthly_, Vol. IV, p. 26; _Address of John N. Maxwell_ in the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. III, p. 525; Smith’s _History of Dickinson County, Iowa_, p. 75.

[217] _Letter from Sergt. Harris Hoover_ in the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. III, p. 551; Hoover’s _The Tragedy of Okoboji_ in the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. V, p. 16.

[218] Hoover’s _The Tragedy of Okoboji_ in the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. V, p. 16.

[219] _Address of John N. Maxwell_ in the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. III, p. 526.

[220] _The Narrative of W. K. Laughlin_ in the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. III, p. 542.

[221] _The Spirit Lake Massacre and Relief Expedition_ in the _Roster and Record of Iowa Soldiers_, Vol. VI, pp. 932-937; _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. II, p. 71. See also the west tablet on the State Memorial Monument near the Gardner cabin, Arnold’s Park, Okoboji, Iowa.

[222] _Address of John N. Maxwell_ in the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. III, pp. 525, 526; _The Spirit Lake Massacre and Relief Expedition_ in the _Roster and Record of Iowa Soldiers_, Vol. VI, p. 897.

[223] _Roster and Record of Iowa Soldiers_, Vol. VI, pp. 922, 923, 928; Duncombe’s _Spirit Lake Expedition_ in the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. III, p. 495.

[224] The roster as here given is that found in the _Roster and Record of Iowa Soldiers_, Vol. VI, pp. 922-932, and is also to be found on the west tablet of the Memorial Monument at Arnold’s Park, Okoboji, Iowa. Harris Hoover in his _Expedition to Spirit Lake_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), August 20, 1857, differs somewhat.

[225] _Address of Capt. Charles B. Richards_ in the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. III, p. 510.

[226] _Mr. Duncombe’s Address_ in the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. III, p. 495.

[227] Hoover in his _Expedition to Spirit Lake_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), August 20, 1857, speaks of Major Williams as “afflicted with rheumatism, and the frost of 70 winters whitening his brow” as resolutely setting “forward at our head.” This Major Williams resented and took occasion to reply in the succeeding issue of the _Freeman_ that “I can’t agree to be made so old. I was 60 last December [1856], and never have I been afflicted with rheumatism in my life.... I don’t wish to be considered so old.”