Chapter XVII: Part 17

CALAMITY, kal-am'i-ti, _n._ a great misfortune: affliction.--_adj._ CALAM'ITOUS, making wretched, disastrous.--_adv._ CALAM'ITOUSLY, in a calamitous manner.--_n._ CALAM'ITOUSNESS, the quality of producing distress: distress: misery. [Fr. _calamité_--L. _calamitat-em_.]

CALAMUS, kal'a-mus, _n._ the traditional name of the sweet flag, which is no doubt the _Calamus aromaticus_ of Roman authors, and probably the sweet calamus and sweet cane of Scripture, but not the fragrant lemon-grass of India: a genus of palms whose stems make canes or rattans: the reed pen used by the ancients in writing. [L.--Gr.]

CALASH, ka-lash', _n._ a light low-wheeled carriage with a folding top: a silk and whalebone hood worn by ladies to shade the face. [Fr. _calèche_; of Slav. origin, as Bohem. _kolésa_, Russ. _koleso_, a wheel.]

CALAVANCE, kal'a-vans, _n._ a name for certain varieties of pulse.--Also CAR'AVANCE. [Sp. _garbanzo_, chickpea, said to be the Basque _garbantzu_.]

CALCANEUM, kal-k[=a]'n[=e]-um, _n._ a bone of the tarsus or ankle, forming in man the prominence of the heel, the _os calcis_: in birds, the hypotarsus.--_adjs._ CALC[=A]'NEAL, CALC[=A]'NEAN. [L., the heel--_calx_, the heel.]

CALCAR, kal'kar, _n._ (_bot._) a spur or spur-like projection, esp. from the base of a petal: (_anat._) an eminence in the lateral ventricles of the brain, the hippocampus minor or calcar avis.--_adjs._ CAL'CARATE; CALCAR'IFORM; CAL'CARINE. [L., a spur--_calx_, _calcis_, the heel.]

CALCAR, kal'kar, _n._ an oven or furnace for calcining the materials of frit before melting--also _Fritting-furnace_: an arch or oven for annealing.

CALCAREOUS, kal-k[=a]'re-us, _adj._ like or containing chalk or lime, whether waters, rocks, or soils.--_n._ CALC[=A]'REOUSNESS.--_adj._ CALCARIF'EROUS, better CALCIF'EROUS, containing lime. [L. _calcarius_, from _calx_, lime.]

CALCEAMENTUM, kal-s[=e]-a-men'tum, _n._ a red silk embroidered sandal forming part of the insignia of the Holy Roman Empire. [L.]

CALCED, kalst, _adj._ shod, wearing shoes--opp. to _Discalced_--of Carmelites.--_v.t._ CAL'C[=E]ATE, to shoe.--_adjs._ CAL'C[=E]ATE, -D, shod; CAL'C[=E]IFORM (_bot._), having the form of a slipper; CAL'C[=E]OLATE, calceiform. [Low L. _calceus_, a shoe--_calx_, _calcis_, the heel.]

CALCEOLARIA, kal-se-o-l[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a South American genus of _Scrophulariaceæ_, largely cultivated as half-hardy or greenhouse plants for the beauty and variety in colour of the two-lipped slipper-like flowers. [L. _calceolus_, dim. of _calceus_, a shoe.]

CALCIUM, kal'si-um, _n._ the metal present in chalk, stucco, and other compounds of lime.--_adjs._ CAL'CIC, containing calcium; CAL'CIFIC, calcifying or calcified.--_v.i._ CAL'CIFIC[=A]'TION, the process of calcifying, a changing into lime.--_adjs._ CAL'CIFORM, like chalk, pebbly; CALCIF'UGOUS, avoiding limestone.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ CAL'CIFY, to make calcic: to turn into bony tissue.--_adjs._ CALCIG'ENOUS, forming lime; CALCIG'EROUS, containing lime.--_n._ CAL'CIMINE, a white or tinted wash for ceilings, walls, &c., consisting of whiting, with glue, &c.--_v.t._ to wash with such.--_adj._ CAL'CINABLE, capable of being calcined.--_n._ CALCIN[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ CAL'CINE, or CALCINE', to reduce to a calx or chalky powder by the action of heat, to burn to ashes.--_v.i._ to become a calx or powder by heat.--_ns._ CAL'CITE, native calcium carbonate, or carbonate of lime--also called CALC[=A]'REOUS SPAR and CALC'SPAR; CALC'-SIN'TER, CALC'-TUFF, TRA'VERTIN, a porous deposit from springs or rivers which in flowing through limestone rocks have become charged with calcium carbonate. [Formed from L. _calx_, chalk.]

CALCOGRAPHY. See CHALCOGRAPHY.

CALCULATE, kal'k[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to count or reckon: to think out: to adapt, fit (only passive, with _for_): (_U.S._) to think, purpose.--_v.i._ to make a calculation: to estimate.--_adjs._ CAL'CULABLE; CAL'CULATING, given to forethought, deliberately selfish and scheming.--_n._ CALCUL[=A]'TION, the art or process of calculating: estimate: forecast.--_adj._ CAL'CUL[=A]TIVE, relating to calculation.--_n._ CAL'CUL[=A]TOR, one who calculates. [L. _calcul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to reckon by help of little stones--_calculus_, dim. of _calx_, a little stone.]

CALCULUS, kal'k[=u]-lus, _n._ a stone-like concretion which forms in certain parts of the body: one of the higher branches of mathematics:--_pl._ CALCULI (kal'k[=u]-li).--_adj._ CAL'CULOSE, stony or like stone: gritty: affected with stone or with gravel.--CALCULUS OF FINITE DIFFERENCES not merely does not consider differentials, but does not assume continuity.--DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS, a method of treating the values of ratios of differentials or the increments of quantities continually varying; INTEGRAL CALCULUS, the summation of an infinite series of differentials. [L.--_calx_.]

CALDRON. Same as CAULDRON.

CALEDONIAN, kal-e-d[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Caledonia_, or Scotland.--_n._ a Scotchman.

CALEFACTION, kal-e-fak'shun, _adj._ act of heating: state of being heated.--_adj._ CALEF[=A]'CIENT, warming.--_n._ anything that warms: a blister or superficial stimulant.--_adj._ CALEFAC'TIVE, communicating heat.--_n._ CALEFAC'TOR, a small stove.--_adj._ CALEFAC'TORY, warming.--_n._ a room in which monks warmed themselves: a warming-pan, a pome.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ CAL'EFY, to grow warm: to make warm.--_n._ CALES'CENCE, increasing warmth. [L.,--_cal[=e]re_, to grow hot, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

CALENDAR, kal'en-dar, _n._ the mode of adjusting the natural divisions of time with respect to each other for the purposes of civil life: an almanac or table of months, days, and seasons, or of special facts, &c., as in the 'gardener's calendar,' &c.: a list of documents arranged chronologically with summaries of contents, as in 'calendar of state papers:' a list of canonised saints, or of prisoners awaiting trial: any list or record.--_v.t._ to place in a list: to analyse and index.--_ns._ CAL'ENDARER, CAL'ENDARIST. [O. Fr. _calendier_--L. _calendarium_, an account-book, _kalendæ_, calends.]

CALENDER, kal'en-d[.e]r, _n._ a press consisting of two rollers for smoothing and dressing cloth, paper, &c.: a person who calenders, properly a calendrer.--_v.t._ to dress in a calender.--_ns._ CAL'ENDERING; CAL'ENDRER, one whose business it is to calender cloth; CAL'ENDRY, a place where calendering is done. [Fr. _calandre_--L. _cylindrus_--L. _kylindros_.]

CALENDER, kal'en-d[.e]r, _n._ a word somewhat loosely used for dervish in Persia and Central Asia. [Pers.]

CALENDS, kal'endz, _n._ among the Romans, the first day of each month. [L. _Kalendæ_--_cal[)a]re_, Gr. _kalein_, to call, because the beginning of the month was proclaimed.]

CALENTURE, kal'en-t[=u]r, _n._ a kind of fever or delirium occurring on board ship in hot climates. [Fr. and Sp.--L. _calent-em_, _cal[=e]re_, to be hot.]

CALESCENCE. See CALEFACTION.

CALF, käf, _n._ the young of the cow and of some other animals, as marine mammals: calf-skin leather, bookbinding in such: a stupid or a cowardly person:--_pl._ CALVES (kävz).--_ns._ CALF'-LOVE, an attachment between a boy and girl; CALF'S'-FOOT, CALVES'-FOOT, the foot of the calf, used in making a palatable jelly; CALF'-SKIN, the skin of the calf, making a good leather for bookbinding and shoes.--DIVINITY CALF, a dark-brown calf bookbinding, with blind stamping, and without gilding--common in the binding of theological books; GOLDEN CALF, the idol set up by Aaron during the absence of Moses on Sinai, or those erected by Jeroboam at Bethel and Dan: worship of Mammon or wealth; HALF-CALF, a bookbinding in which the back and corners are in calf-skin; MOTTLED CALF, a light coloured bookbinding, decorated by the sprinkling of acid in drops; SMOOTH CALF, a binding in plain or undecorated calf leather.--THE CALVES OF OUR LIPS (Hosea, xiv. 2), an offering of praise (the Septuagint reads, 'The fruit of our lips').--TREE CALF, a bright brown calf bookbinding, stained by acids with a pattern resembling the trunk and branches of a tree. [A.S. _cealf_; Ger. _kalb_.]

CALF, käf, _n._ the thick fleshy part of the leg behind.--_adj._ CALF'LESS, with a thin, poor calf. [Ice. _kalfi_; perh. the same word as the preceding.]

CALIBAN, kal'i-ban, _n._ a man of beastly nature, from the monster in Shakespeare's _Tempest_.

CALIBRE, CALIBER, kal'i-b[.e]r, _n._ the size of the bore of a gun: diameter: intellectual capacity.--_adj._ CAL'IBERED.--_v.t._ CAL'IBR[=A]TE, to determine the calibre of.--_n._ CALIBR[=A]'TION. [Fr. _calibre_, the bore of a gun; prob. L. _qu[=a] libr[=a]_, with what weight, or from Ar. _q[=a]lib_, a form.]

CALICO, kal'i-k[=o], _n._ a cotton cloth, first brought from _Calicut_ in India: plain white unprinted cotton cloth, bleached or unbleached: coarse printed cotton cloth.--_adj._ made of calico: spotted--_n._ CAL'ICO-PRINT'ER, one employed in printing calicoes.

CALID, kal'id, _adj._ warm.--_n._ CALID'ITY. [L. _calidus_, hot.]

CALIF, CALIPH, k[=a]'lif, or kal'if, _n._ the name assumed by the successors of Mohammed.--_ns._ CAL'IFATE, CAL'IPHATE, the office, rank, or government of a calif. [Fr.--Ar. _khal[=i]fah_, a successor.]

CALIGINOUS, kal-ij'en-us, _adj._ dim, obscure, dark.--_n._ CALIGINOS'ITY. [L. _caliginos-us_.]

CALIGRAPHY. See under CALLIGRAPHY.

CALIPASH, kal'i-pash, _n._ the part of a turtle close to the upper shell, consisting of a fatty gelatinous substance of a dull greenish colour.--_n._ CAL'IPEE, the white portion from the belly--a fatty gelatinous substance of a light-yellowish colour. [Prob. corr. of West Ind. words.]

CALIPERS, kal'i-p[.e]rz, CALIPER-COMPASSES, kal'i-p[.e]r-kum'pasez, _n.pl._ compasses with legs suitable for measuring the inside or outside diameter of bodies. [Corr. of CALIBER.]

CALIPH, CALIPHATE. See CALIF.

CALIPPIC, kal-ip'ik, _adj._ four Metonic cycles less one day, or seventy-six years. [From the Greek astronomer _Callipus_, a contemporary of Aristotle.]

CALISAYA, kal-i-s[=a]'ya, _n._ a variety of Peruvian bark.

CALIVER, kal'i-v[.e]r, _n._ (_Shak._) a kind of light musket. [Same as CALIBRE.]

CALIX. See CALYX.

CALIXTIN, CALIXTINE, kal-iks'tin, _adj._ of or belonging to the more moderate party among the Hussites, so called from their demanding the cup (L. _calix_) as well as the bread for the laity--also called U'TRAQUISTS (L. _uterque_, both).--_n._ a follower of the Syncretist Lutheran divine, George _Calixtus_ (1586-1656).

CALK. See CAULK.

CALK, kawk, _n._ a pointed piece of iron on a horse-shoe to prevent slipping--also CALK'IN and CALK'ER.--_v.t._ to provide a shoe with a calk. [L. _calc-em_, _calx_, a heel.]

CALK, CALQUE, kawk, _v.t._ to chalk, as the back of a drawing, &c., in order to transfer it, to copy by tracing.--_n._ CALK'ING, the copying of a picture by means of tracing.

CALL, kawl, _v.i._ to cry aloud (with _out_; _to_, _after_, _at_, _up_, _down_): to make a short visit (with _upon_, _for_, _at_).--_v.t._ to name: to summon: to appoint or proclaim: to designate or reckon: to select for a special office, as in 'called to be an apostle,' 'to be called to the bar:' (_coll._) to call bad names to some one.--_n._ a summons or invitation: an impulse: a demand: a short visit: a shrill whistle: the cry of a bird: admission to the rank of barrister: an invitation to the pastorate of a congregation, also the written form of such with appended list of names of persons concurring: (_coll._) occasion, cause.--_ns._ CALL'-AT-LARGE, a form of pastoral call sometimes adopted by a presbytery where a congregation is not unanimous, in which the name of the person to be called is not inscribed beforehand, and names cannot be adhibited by mandate; CALL'-BIRD, a bird trained to allure others into snares; CALL'-BOY, a boy who waits upon the prompter in a theatre, and calls the actors when wanted on the stage; CALL'ER, one who pays a short visit; CALL'ING, that station to which a person is called by Providence to fill: one's trade, profession, or occupation; CALL'ING-CRAB, a popular name for the fiddler-crab, which waves its larger claw when disturbed; CALL'-NOTE, the note by which a bird or beast calls its young.--CALL ATTENTION TO, to point out; CALL AWAY, to divert the mind; CALL BACK, to recall; CALL FOR, to ask loudly: claim; CALL FORTH, to bring or summon to action; CALL FOR TRUMPS, to lay down such cards at whist as will induce one's partner to lead a trump; CALL IN, to bring in from outside, as the notes in circulation, &c.; CALL IN QUESTION, to challenge; CALL OFF, to summon away; CALL ON, or UPON, to invoke, appeal to; CALL OUT, to challenge to fight, esp. a duel: to summon to service, bring into operation; CALL OVER, to read aloud a list; CALL TO ACCOUNT, to summon to render an account; CALL UP, to summon from beneath, or to a tribunal. [A.S. _ceallian_; Ice. _kalla_, Dut. _kallen_.]

CALL, kawl, _n._ (_Spens._) a caul or cap.

CALLANT, käl'ant, _n._ a lad. [A modern Scotch word; Dut. _kalant_.]

CALLER, kal'[.e]r, _adj._ fresh: (_Scot._) cool. [Prob. the same as CALVER.]

CALLET, kal'et, _n._ (_Shak._) a scold, a woman of bad character, a trull. [Prob. Fr. _caillette_, a frivolous gossip; or prob. the Gael. _caille_, girl, may be related.]

CALLID, kal'id, _adj._ shrewd.--_n._ CALLID'ITY, shrewdness. [L. _callidus_, expert.]

CALLIGRAPHY, CALIGRAPHY, kal-lig'ra-fi, _n._ fine penmanship; characteristic style of writing.--_adjs._ CALLIGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_ns._ CALLIG'RAPHIST, CALLIG'RAPHER. [Gr., _kalos_, beautiful, _graphein_, to write.]

CALLIOPE, kal-[=i]'o-pe, _n._ the muse of epic poetry: an instrument producing musical notes by means of steam-whistles, played by a keyboard. [Gr.]

CALLIPERS. Same as CALIPERS.

CALLISTHENICS, kal-is-then'iks, _n.pl._ exercises for the purpose of promoting gracefulness as well as strength of body.--_adj._ CALLISTHEN'IC. [Gr. _kalos_, beautiful, _sthenos_, strength.]

CALLOUS, kal'us, _adj._ hardened: unfeeling or insensible.--_n._ CALLOS'ITY, a hard swelling on the skin.--_adv._ CALL'OUSLY.--_n._ CALL'OUSNESS. [L. _callosus_--_callus_, hard skin.]

CALLOW, kal'[=o], _adj._ not covered with feathers: unfledged, unbearded: inexperienced: low-lying and liable to be submerged.--_n._ an alluvial flat. [A.S. _calu_; Ger. _kahl_, L. _calvus_, bald.]

CALLUS, kal'us, _n._ a thickening of the skin: a term employed in old surgical works for the exuded material by which fractures of bones are consolidated together. [L.]

CALM, käm, _adj._ still or quiet: serene, tranquil.--_n._ absence of wind--also in _pl._: repose: serenity of feelings or actions.--_v.t._ to make calm: to quiet.--_ns._ CALM'ANT, CALM'ATIVE--in medical language.--_adjs._ CALM'ATIVE, CALM'ANT, CALMED, CALM'Y (_Spens._)--_adv._ CALM'LY.--_n._ CALM'NESS. [Fr. _calme_ (It. _calma_), from Low L. _cauma_--Gr. _kauma_, noonday heat--_kai-ein_, to burn.]

CALMUCK. See KALMUCK.

CALOMEL, kal'[=o]-mel, _n._ the popular name of one of the compounds of mercury and chlorine, much used in medicine. [Fr. _calomel_, which Littré derives from Gr. _kalos_, fair, _melas_, black.]

CALORIC, ka-lor'ik, _n._ heat: the supposed principle or cause of heat.--_n._ CALORES'CENCE, the transmutation of heat rays into luminous rays.--_adj._ CALORIF'IC, causing heat: heating.--_ns._ CALORIFIC[=A]'TION; CALORIM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the specific heat of a body; CALORIM'ETRY, the art or process of measuring heat; CAL'ORIST, one who held heat to be a subtle fluid called caloric; CAL'ORY, the usually accepted thermal unit, being the quantity of heat necessary to raise the temperature of a kilogram of water from 0° to 1° centigrade. [Fr. _calorique_, formed by Lavoisier from L. _calor_, heat.]

CALOTTE, kal-ot', _n._ a plain skull-cap or coif worn by R.C. clergy. [Fr.]

CALOTYPE, kal'[=o]-t[=i]p, _n._ a kind of photography.--_n._ CAL'OTYPIST, one who makes calotypes. [Gr. _kalos_, beautiful, _typos_, an image. Name given in 1840 by W. H. Fox Talbot (1800-77) to his method of photographing by the action of light on nitrate of silver.]

CALOYER, ka-loi'[.e]r, _n._ a Greek monk, esp. of the order of St Basil. [Fr.,--It.--Late Gr. _kalog[=e]ros_, _kalos_, beautiful, _g[=e]ros_, aged.]

CALP, kalp, _n._ the name applied in Ireland to beds of shale, sandstone, &c. containing thin seams of coal.

CALPAC, CALPACK, kal'pak, _n._ a triangular felt cap, worn by Turks and Tartars. [Turk.]

CALQUE. See CALK (3).

CALTROP, kal'trop, _n._ an instrument armed with four spikes, so arranged that one always stands upright, used to obstruct the progress of an enemy's cavalry, or of besiegers of a fortification.--Also CAL'TRAP. [A.S. _coltetræppe_, _calcatrippe_--L. _calc-em_, heel, _trappa_, a trap.]

CALUMBA, ka-lum'ba, _n._ the root of an East African plant, extensively used in medicine as a stomachic and tonic. [From _Colombo_ in Ceylon.]

CALUMET, kal'[=u]-met, _n._ the 'peace pipe' of the North American Indians, a tobacco-pipe having a stem of reed or painted wood about 2½ feet long, decorated with feathers, with a large bowl, usually of soap-stone. [_Calumet_ is a Norman name for a shepherd's pipe (Fr. _chalumeau_--L. _calamellus_, _calamus_), given by the early French settlers from its resemblance.]

CALUMNY, kal'um-ni, _n._ false accusation: slander.--_v.t._ CALUM'NI[=A]TE, to accuse falsely: to slander.--_v.i._ to spread evil reports.--_ns._ CALUM'NI[=A]TION; CALUM'NI[=A]TOR.--_adjs._ CALUM'NI[=A]TORY, CALUM'NIOUS, of the nature of calumny: slanderous.--_adv._ CALUM'NIOUSLY.--OATH OF CALUMNY, a method in the law of Scotland for the prevention of calumnious and unnecessary suits, by which both parties at the beginning of a cause swear, either by themselves or their counsel, that the facts set forth by them are true--usual only in actions of divorce, &c. [L. _calumnia_, prob. for _calvomnia_, from _calvi_, _calv[)e]re_, to deceive.]

CALVARY, kal'va-ri, _n._ the name of the place where Jesus was crucified: (_R.C._) a series of representations of the various scenes of Christ's crucifixion: an eminence crowned with one or three crosses bearing life-size figures of Jesus and the two thieves. [The Anglicised form of the Vulgate _calvaria_, which was the L. rendering of the Gr. _kranion_, as that again of the Aramaic _gogulth[=o]_ or _gogolth[=a]_ (Heb. _gulg[=o]leth_--Græcised form _golgotha_), all three words meaning skull.]

CALVE, käv, _v.i._ to bring forth a calf. [A.S. _cealfian_. See CALF.]

CALVERED, kal'verd, _p.adj._ from obsolete verb CAL'VER, to prepare salmon or other fish when freshly caught. [Prob. the same as Scot. _Caller_.]

CALVINISM, kal'vin-izm, _n._ the doctrines of the great Genevan religious reformer, John _Calvin_ (1509-1564), as these are given in his _Institutio_, esp. as regards particular election, predestination, the incapacity for true faith and repentance of the natural man, efficacious grace, and final perseverance.--_n._ CAL'VINIST, one who holds the doctrines of Calvin.--_adjs._ CALVINIST'IC, -AL, pertaining to Calvin or Calvinism.

CALVITIES, kal-vish'i-[=e]z, _n._ baldness. [L.,--_calvus_, bald.]

CALX, kalks, _n._ chalk or lime: the substance of a metal or mineral which remains after being subjected to violent heat:--_pl._ CALXES (kalk's[=e]z), or CALCES (kal's[=e]z). [L. _calx_, lime.]

CALYCANTHUS, kal-i-kan'thus, _n._ a small order of square-stemmed aromatic shrubs, natives of North America and Japan. [Made up of CALYX and Gr. _anthos_.]

CALYPTRA, ka-lip'tra, _n._ a hood, covering, esp. that of the theca or capsule of mosses.--_adjs._ CALYP'TRATE, furnished with such; CALYP'TRIFORM, CALYPTRIMOR'PHOUS, having the form of a calyptra.--_n._ CALYP'TROGEN, the root-cap. [Gr., a veil.]

CALYX, CALIX, kal'iks, or k[=a]'liks, _n._ the outer covering or cup of a flower, its separate leaves termed sepals:--_pl._ CALYCES, or CALYXES.--_adjs._ CAL'YCATE, having a calyx; CALYC[=I]F'EROUS, bearing the calyx; CALYCIFL[=O]'RAL, CALYCIFL[=O]'RATE, CALYCIFL[=O]'ROUS, having the petals and stamens borne upon the calyx; CALYC'IFORM, having the form of a calyx; CAL'YCINE, CALYC'INAL, pertaining to a calyx.--_n._ CAL'YCLE, an accessory calyx outside the true one.--_adjs._ CAL'YCLED, having a calycle; CAL'YCOID, CALYCOI'DEOUS, like a calyx. [L.,--Gr. _kalyx_--_kalyptein_, to cover.]

CAM, kam, _n._ (_mech._) a device for changing a regular rotary motion into a reciprocating motion, various forms of which are the cam-wheel and shaft, the heart-wheel, the wiper-wheel, and the eccentric. [Dut. _kam_.]

CAMAIEU, kam'[=i]-[=u], _n._ a cameo: a painting in monochrome, or in simple colours not imitating nature: a style of printing pictures producing the effect of a pencil-drawing.--Also CAM'AYEU. [Fr. See CAMEO.]

CAMARADERIE, kam-a-rad-r[=e]', _n._ good-fellowship: the intimacy of comradeship. [Fr.]

CAMARILLA, kam-ar-il'a, _n._ a body of secret intriguers, esp. of a court party against a king's legitimate ministers: a small room. [Sp. dim. of _camara_, a chamber.]

CAMASS, ka-mas', _n._ a small plant growing in the north-western United States, also its nutritious bulb.--_ns._ CAMASS'IA, a genus of liliaceous plants nearly related to the European _Scilla_; CAMASS'-RAT, a small gopher rodent which devours the bulbs of the camass.

CAMBER, kam'b[.e]r, _n._ a convexity upon an upper surface, as of a deck amidships, a bridge, or lintel: the curve of a ship's plank: a small dock in the royal yards where timber is loaded and discharged.--_v.t._ to curve ship-planks, to arch slightly. [Fr.--L. _camer[=a]re_, to vault.]

CAMBIST, kam'bist, _n._ one skilled in the science of exchange.--_ns._ CAM'BISM, CAM'BISTRY. [It--L. _camb[=i]re_, to exchange.]

CAMBERWELL BEAUTY, kam'ber-wel b[=u]'ti, _n._ (_Vanessa antiopa_) a fancy name for one of the largest and most beautiful of British butterflies.

CAMBIUM, kam'bi-um, _n._ a layer of vascular tissue formed between the wood and the bark of exogens, in which the annual growth is formed. [Low L.--_cambium_--L. _camb[=i]re_, to change.]

CAMBOGE, obsolete form of GAMBOGE.

CAMBREL, kam'brel, _n._ a bent piece of wood or iron on which butchers hang the carcasses of animals: the hock of a horse. [Prob. conn. with CAMBER.]

CAMBRIAN, kam'bri-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Cambria_ or Wales: Welsh: the name given by Sedgwick in 1836 to a group or series of sedimentary deposits which come next in order to the Archæan System.--_n._ an inhabitant of Cambria, or Wales. [Formed from _Cymry_, Welshmen, or _Cymru_, Wales.]

CAMBRIC, k[=a]m'brik, _n._ a kind of fine white linen, originally manufactured at _Cambrai_ in the French department of Nord.

CAMBUCA, kam-b[=u]'ka, _n._ a pastoral staff: a curved stick used in the game of pall-mall.--Also CAMBUT'TA. [Low L., of Celt. origin.]

CAME, k[=a]m, did come _pa.t._ of COME.

CAMEL, kam'el, _n._ an animal of Asia and Africa with one or two humps on its back, used as a beast of burden and for riding.--_adj._ CAM'EL-BACKED, hump-backed.--_ns._ CAM'ELEER, one who drives or rides a camel; CAM'ELINE, camlet.--_adj._ CAM'ELISH, like a camel, obstinate.--_n._ CAM'ELRY, troops mounted on camels.--CAMEL'S HAIR, the hair of the camel: the hair of the squirrel's tail used for paint-brushes; CAMEL'S THORN, a shrub of the bean family which camels eat greedily. [L. _camelus_--Gr. _kam[=e]los_--Heb. _g[=a]m[=a]l_.]

CAMELEON. See CHAMELEON.

CAMELLIA, ka-mel'ya, _n._ a species of evergreen shrubs, natives of China and Japan, noted for the singular beauty of their flowers. [Named from Kamel, Latinised _Camellus_, a Moravian Jesuit, who collected plants in the Philippine Islands in 1639.]

CAMELOPARD, kam'el-[=o]-pärd, or kam-el'[=o]-pärd, _n._ the giraffe. [L.,--Gr. _cam[=e]lopardalis_; from Gr. _kam[=e]los_, the camel, and _pardalis_, the panther.]

CAMELOT, kam'lot, _n._ Same as CAMLET.

CAMEO, kam'[=e]-[=o], _n._ an engraved gem in which the figure or subject is carved in relief. [It. _camméo_ (Fr. _camée_)--Low L. _cammæus_ traced by Littré to Gr. _kamnein_, to work; by the late Mr C. W. King through an Ar. form, 'an amulet,' from Pers. _camahen_, loadstone, the usual material for Babylonian cylinders.]

CAMERA, kam'[.e]r-a, _n._ the variety of camera-obscura used by photographers.--_ns._ CAM'ERA-L[=U]'CIDA, an instrument by which the rays of light from an object are reflected by a specially shaped prism, forming an image on the paper underneath; CAM'ERA-OBSC[=U]'RA, an instrument for throwing the images of external objects on a white surface placed within a dark chamber or box. [L.]

CAMERA, kam'[.e]r-a, _n._ a vaulted room: the judge's private chamber (IN CAMERA, of a case heard there rather than in public court).--_adj._ CAM'ER[=A]TED, divided into chambers: arched or vaulted.

CAMERONIAN, kam-er-[=o]n'i-an, _n._ a follower of the Covenanter Richard _Cameron_, killed at Airds Moss in 1680, a member of the Reformed Presbyterian Church.--_adj._ pertaining to this party, or to the famous Cameronian regiment (26th Foot, now the First Battalion of Scottish Rifles) in the British army, which had its origin in a body of Cameronians (1689).

CAMIS, kam'is, _n._ (_Spens._) a loose robe made of some light material, as silk, &c.: a chemise. [See CHEMISE.]

CAMISADE, kam-i-s[=a]d', _n._ a night attack, probably because shirts were often put on over the armour.--Also CAMISAD'O. [Sp., from _camisa_, a shirt.]

CAMISARDS, kam'is-ar, _n.pl._ the insurgent Huguenots of the Cevennes, so called from the _camise_ or blouse worn by the peasants.

CAMISE, kam'[=e]s, _n._ the usual Arab shirt.--Also CAM'ISO, CAM'ESE.

CAMISOLE, kam'is-[=o]l, _n._ a sleeved jacket, a woman's loose morning gown or jacket.

CAMLET, kam'let, _n._ a cloth originally made of camel's hair, but now chiefly of wool and goat's hair. [Fr.--Low L. _camelotum_--L. _camelus_.]

CAMOMILE, CHAMOMILE, kam'o-m[=i]l, _n._ a plant, or its dried flowers, used in medicine, affording a bitter stomachic and tonic. [Fr.--L.--Gr. _chamaim[=e]lon_, the earth-apple, from the apple-like smell of its blossoms--_chamai_, on the ground, _m[=e]lon_, an apple.]

CAMORRA, kam-or'a, _n._ the name of a secret society in the former kingdom of Naples, whose members, the _Camorristi_, for many years terrorised the country.--_ns._ CAMORR'ISM; CAMORR'IST. [It.]

CAMP, kamp, _n._ the ground on which an army pitch their tents: the tents of an army, quarters generally, a permanent military station, as at Aldershot: any fortified site in which a force once defended itself, as a Roman or British camp: any temporary quarters for travellers, &c.--_v.i._ to encamp or pitch tents.--_ns._ CAMP'-FOLL'OWER, any one who follows in the train of an army, but takes no part in battle; CAMP'MEET'ING, a religious gathering held in the open air or in a temporary encampment in the fields; CAMP'-SHED'DING, -SHEET'ING, -SHOT, an erection of piles, &c., along the bank of a river or an embankment, for strengthening; CAMP'-STOOL, or -BED'STEAD, a portable folding-stool, a trestle-bed. [Fr. _camp_, a camp--L. _campus_, a plain.]

CAMP, kamp, _n._ (_obs._) conflict: an old form of the game of football.--_v.i._ to fight, struggle.--_v.i._ CAM'PLE, to wrangle. [A.S. _camp_, battle; cf. Ger. _kampf_.]

CAMPAGNOL, kam-pa-nyol', _n._ a French name for several species of field-mice or voles.

CAMPAIGN, kam-p[=a]n', _n._ a large open field or plain: the time during which an army keeps the field: an excursion into the country: an organised series of operations in the advocacy of a political or social cause.--_v.i._ to serve in a campaign.--_ns._ CAMPAGN'A, once equivalent to _champaign_, now used only of the Campagna, an undulating, mostly uncultivated and unhealthy plain around Rome; CAMPAIGN'ER, one who has served in several campaigns. [Fr. _campagne_--L. _campania_--_campus_, a field.]

CAMPANERO, kam-pa-n[=e]'ro, _n._ one of the South American bell-birds, the arapunga, &c. [Sp., a bellman.]

CAMPANILE, kam-pan-[=e]'l[=a] (sometimes also kam-pan-[=e]l', and even kam'pan-il and kam'pan-[=i]l), _n._ a name adopted from the Italian to signify a bell-tower of the larger kind, and usually applied only to such as are detached from the church: (_pl._ usually CAMPANILES, but sometimes the It. CAMPANILI). [It., from _campana_, a bell.]

CAMPANOLOGY, kam-pan-ol'o-ji, _n._ the subject or science of bells or bell-ringing.--_ns._ CAM'PANIST, CAMPANOL'OGIST, one skilled in the same.--_adj._ CAMPANOLOG'ICAL. [It. _campana_, a bell, and Gr. _logos_, a discourse.]

CAMPANULA, kam-pan'[=u]-la, _n._ a genus of flowers, commonly known as bell-flowers or bells, usually blue or white, the best-known species the harebell and Scotch bluebell.--The _Canterbury Bells_ is a biennial species--seen in many florists' varieties.--_adjs._ CAMPAN'IFORM, CAMPAN'ULATE, CAMPAN'ULAR.--_n._ CAMPANUL[=A]'RIA, a common genus of Hydroids, with stems simple or branched, the nutritive polyps surrounded by transparent bell-shaped sheaths. [It. _campana_, a bell.]

CAMPBELLITE, kam'bel-[=i]t, _n._ a follower of Alexander _Campbell_ (1788-1866), founder of the sect known as the 'Disciples of Christ.'

CAMPEACHY, kam'p[=e]ch-i, _adj._ pertaining to the red dye-wood better known as Logwood, first exported from _Campeachy_ in Yucatan.

CAMPEADOR, kam-pe-a-d[=o]r', _n._ a warrior. [Sp.]

CAMPESTRAL, kam-pes'tral, _adj._ growing in or pertaining to fields.--Also CAMPES'TRIAN. [L. _campestris_, from _campus_.]

CAMPHINE, kam'f[=i]n, _n._ rectified oil of turpentine.--Also CAM'PHENE.

CAMPHOR, kam'for, _n._ a solid essential oil, mostly obtained from the camphor laurel of India, China, and Japan, having a peculiar hot aromatic taste and a pleasant smell.--_adj._ CAMPHOR[=A]'CEOUS, like camphor.--_v.t._ CAM'PHORATE, to impregnate with camphor.--_adjs._ CAM'PHORATE, CAMPHOR'IC, pertaining to camphor. [Fr. _camphre_--Low L. _camphora_--Malay _kapur_, chalk.]

CAMPION, kam'pi-un, _n._ the common name of plants belonging to the genera Lychnis and Silene. [Perh. from L. _campus_, a field.]

CAMPO SANTO, kam'po sant'o, _n._ the Italian name for a cemetery or burying-ground, esp. for one enclosed by an arcade. [Lit. 'holy ground,' the earth of that at Pisa having been brought from Palestine.]

CAMPYLOSPERMOUS, kam-pi-l[=o]-sper'mus, _adj._ (_bot._) having the albumen of the seed curved at the margin so as to form a longitudinal furrow on the ventral face. [Gr. _kampylos_, curved, _sperma_, a seed.]

CAMPYLOTROPAL, kam-pi-lot'r[=o]-pal, _adj._ (_bot._) curved so as to bring the true apex close to the base--of an ovule or seed.--Also CAMPYLOT'ROPOUS. [Gr. _kampylos_, curved, _trepein_, to turn.]

CAMSTAIRY, kam-st[=a]r'i, _adj._ perverse, unruly. [Ety. dub.; first part at any rate _cam_, crooked.]

CAMSTONE, kam'st[=o]n, _n._ a kind of clay used to whiten doorsteps, &c.

CAM-WOOD, kam'-wood, _n._ a dye-wood obtained from _Baphia nitida_, a leguminous tree, a native of Angola. It is at first white, but turns red on exposure to air. [Perh. from African name _kambi_.]

CAN, kan, _v.i._ to be able: to have sufficient power:--_pa.t._ COULD.--CAN is used for _gan_ in M. E. and even in Spenser. [A.S. _cunnan_, to know (how to do a thing), to be able, pres. indic. _can_; Goth. _kunnan_, Ger. _können_, to be able. See KNOW.]

CAN, kan, _n._ a vessel for holding or carrying liquids, generally of tinned iron, with a handle over the top: a chimney-pot: a vessel of tin-plate in which meat, fruit, &c. are hermetically sealed for exporting--in England usually called a _tin_: a drinking-mug.--_v.t._ to put up for preservation in cans.--_n.pl._ CANNED'-GOODS, meat, fruit, &c. so prepared for preservation.--_n._ CAN'NERY, a place where meat, fish, fruit, &c. are canned. [A.S. _canne_; cf. L. _canna_, a reed, Gr. _kann[=e]_, a reed.]

CANAANITE, k[=a]'nan-[=i]t, _n._ a descendant of _Canaan_, the son of Ham: a native of the land of Canaan.--_adj._ C[=A]'NAANITISH.

CAÑADA, kan'ya-da, _n._ a narrow cañon. [Sp.]

CANADIAN, ka-n[=a]'di-an, _adj._ and _n._ pertaining to _Canada_: a native of Canada.--CANADA BALSAM (see BALSAM).

CANAIGRE, ka-n[=a]'ger, _n._ a Texan dock whose root is used in tanning,

CANAILLE, ka-n[=a]l', _n._ the mob, the vulgar rabble. [Fr., a dog--L. _canis_.]

CANAKIN. See CANNIKIN.

CANAL, kan-al', _n._ an artificial watercourse for navigation: a duct in the body for any of its fluids.--_n._ CANAL'-BOAT, a boat for canal traffic.--_adjs._ CANALIC'ULAR, canal-shaped; CANALIC'ULATE, -D, channelled, grooved.--_ns._ CANALIC'ULUS (_anat._), a small furrow or channel; CANALIS[=A]'TION, the construction of canals.--_v.t._ CANAL'ISE, to make a canal through: to convert into a canal. [L. _canalis_, a water-pipe.]

CANARD, ka-när', or ka-närd', _n._ an extravagant or lying story. [Fr., lit. 'duck.']

CANARY, ka-n[=a]'ri, _n._ a light sweet wine from the _Canary_ Islands: a bird originally from the Canary Islands: a lively dance.--_adj._ canary-coloured, bright yellow.--_ns._ CAN[=A]'RY-BIRD, a canary: (_slang_) a jail-bird: a mistress; CAN[=A]'RY-GRASS, a grass of which the seed is much used as food for canary-birds; CAN[=A]'RY-WOOD, the dark-coloured timber of two lauraceous trees of the Azores and Madeira.

CANARESE, kan-a-r[=e]z', _adj._ pertaining to _Canara_ in western India.--_n._ a native thereof: the language of the Dravidian group, allied to Telegu.--Also KANARESE'.

CANASTER, ka-nas't[.e]r, _n._ a kind of tobacco, so called from the rush basket in which it was originally brought from Spanish America. [Sp. _canastra_--L.--Gr. _kanastron_.]

CAN-CAN, kan-kan, _n._ a dance in some public balls at Paris and elsewhere, characterised by immodest gestures and postures. [Usually referred to L. _quamquam_, the pronunciation of which was long hotly disputed in the French schools; Littré quotes an O. Fr. _caquehan_, a noisy assembly.]

CANCEL, kan'sel, _v.t._ to erase or blot out by crossing with lines: to annul or suppress, as a printed page, &c.: to obliterate: to frustrate: to counterbalance or compensate for: to remove equivalent quantities on opposite sides of an equation:--_pr.p._ can'celling; _pa.p._ can'celled.--_n._ the suppression of a printed page or sheet, the page so cancelled, or the new one substituted. [Fr. _canceller_--L. _cancell-[=a]re_, from _cancelli_, railings, lattice-work, dim. of _cancer_.]

CANCELLI, kan-sel'[=i], _n.pl._ cross-pieces forming a lattice-work or grating, as in the division between the choir and the body of a church: (_anat._) reticulations.--_adjs._ CAN'CELLATE, -D, marked latticewise, reticulated.--_n._ CANCELL[=A]'TION.--_adj._ CAN'CELLOUS. [L., a lattice.]

CANCER, kan's[.e]r, _n._ the name for an important group of malignant tumours, divided into two groups, _Carcinomata_ and _Sarcomata_, the name being now strictly used only of the former: a constellation between Gemini and Leo, and a sign of the zodiac showing the limits of the sun's course northward in summer: the typical genus of the family _Cancridæ_--_v.i._ CANCER'ATE, to become cancerous.--_ns._ CANCER[=A]'TION; CAN'CERITE, a petrified crab.--_adj._ CAN'CEROUS, of or like a cancer.--_adv._ CAN'CEROUSLY.--_n._ CAN'CEROUSNESS.--_adjs._ CAN'CRIFORM, CAN'CROID, crab-like. [L. _cancer_; cog. with Gr. _karkinos_, a crab.]

CANCIONERO, kan-th[=e]-on-[=e]'ro, _n._ a collection of songs. [Sp.]

CANDELABRUM, kan-de-l[=a]'brum, _n._ a branched and ornamented candlestick:--_pl._ CANDEL[=A]'BRA. [L.]

CANDENT, kan'dent, _adj._ making white: glowing with heat.

CANDESCENCE, kan-des'ens, _n._ a white heat.--_adj._ CANDES'CENT. [L. _candesc-[)e]re_, inceptive of _cand-[=e]re_, to glow.]

CANDID, kan'did, _adj._ frank, ingenuous: free from prejudice: fair, impartial.--_adv._ CAN'DIDLY.--_n._ CAN'DIDNESS. [Fr. _candide_--L. _candidus_, white--_cand-[=e]re_, to shine.]

CANDIDATE, kan'di-d[=a]t, _n._ one who offers himself for any office or honour, so called because, at Rome, the applicant used to dress in white.--_ns._ CAN'DIDATURE, CAN'DIDATESHIP, CAN'DIDACY. [L. _candidatus_, from _candidus_.]

CANDIED. See CANDY.

CANDLE, kan'dl, _n._ wax, tallow, or other like substance surrounding a wick: a light.--_ns._ CAN'DLE-BERR'Y, the wax-myrtle, also its fruit: the fruit of _Aleurites triloba_, the candle-berry tree; CAN'DLE-BOMB, a small glass bomb filled with water, exploding on being held in a candle-flame; CAN'DLE-COAL (same as CANNEL-COAL); CAN'DLE-DIP'PING, the method of making candles by dipping instead of moulding; CAN'DLE-END, the end-piece of a burnt-out candle; CAN'DLE-FISH, the eulachon, a deep-sea fish of the smelt family found along the north-west coast of America, producing eulachon oil: another West American fish, resembling a pollock--the _black candle-fish_ or _horse-mackerel_; CAN'DLE-HOLD'ER, one who holds a candle to another while working--hence one who renders another slight assistance, or humours him; CAN'DLE-LIGHT, the light of a candle, illumination by means of candles: the time when candles are lighted; CAN'DLE-LIGHT'ER, one whose business is to light the candles: a spill; CAN'DLE-POW'ER, the illuminating power of a standard sperm candle--a unit of luminosity; CAN'DLESTICK, an instrument for holding a candle, originally a stick or piece of wood; CAN'DLE-WAST'ER, one who studies late; CAN'DLE-WOOD, the wood of various West Indian and Mexican resinous trees.--BURN THE CANDLE AT BOTH ENDS, to waste in two directions at once.--NOT FIT TO HOLD A CANDLE TO, not fit even to be some one's inferior, not to be compared with.--SELL BY THE CANDLE, to offer for sale as long as a small piece of candle burns, the bid made just before it goes out being successful.--THE GAME IS NOT WORTH THE CANDLE, the thing is not worth the labour or expense of it. [A.S. _candel_--L. _candela_, from _cand-[=e]re_, to glow.]

CANDLEMAS, kan'dl-mas, _n._ a festival of the R.C. Church in honour of the purification of the Virgin Mary, on 2d February, and so called from the number of candles used. [CANDLE and MASS.]

CANDOCK, kan'dok, _n._ the yellow water-lily. [CAN (n.) and DOCK.]

CANDOUR, kan'dur, _n._ freedom from prejudice or disguise: sincerity: justice: openness. [L. _candor_, whiteness, from _cand[=e]re_, to be shining.]

CANDY, kan'di, SUGAR-CANDY, shoog'ar-kan'di, _n._ a sweetmeat made of sugar: anything preserved in sugar.--_v.t._ to preserve or dress with sugar: to congeal or crystallise as sugar.--_v.i._ to become congealed.--_p.adj._ CAN'DIED, encrusted with candy or sugar: (_fig._) sugared, flattering. [Fr. _candi_, from Ar. _qandah_, candy.]

CANDY, kan'di, _n._ a South Indian weight, generally containing 20 maunds, about 500 pounds English.--Also CAN'DIE and KAN'DY. [Tamil.]

CANE, k[=a]n, _n._ the stem of one of the smaller palms--the calamus or rattan, or the larger grasses--bamboo and sugar-cane: a walking-stick.--_v.t._ to beat with a cane.--_ns._ CANE'-BRAKE, a brake or thicket of canes; CANE'-CHAIR, a chair made of rattan; CANE'-MILL, a mill for bruising sugar-canes for the manufacture of sugar; CANE'-S[=U]'GAR, sugar obtained from the sugar-cane; CANE'-TRASH, refuse of sugar-cane used for fuel in boiling the juice; C[=A]N'ING, a thrashing with a cane.--_adj._ C[=A]N'Y, made of cane.--MALACCA CANE, a walking-cane made without removing the bark from the brown-mottled or clouded stem of the palm, _Calamus Scipionum_, brought from Singapore or Sumatra. [Fr. _canne_--L. _canna_--Gr. _kann[=e]_, a reed.]

CANELLA, kan-el'a, _n._ a genus of low aromatic trees, one species the whitewood of wild cinnamon of the West Indies, yielding _canella_ or white cinnamon bark.

CANEPHOR, kan'e-f[=o]r, _n._ (_archit._) a female figure bearing a basket on her head. [Gr. _kan[=e]phoros_, one of the bearers upon their heads at the Panathenaic festival of the baskets containing the sacrificial implements.]

CANESCENT, ka-nes'ent, _adj._ tending to white: hoary. [L. _canescens_--_can[=e]re_--_canus_, hoary.]

CANGUE, CANG, kang, _n._ a Chinese portable pillory borne on the shoulders by petty offenders. [Fr. _cangue_--Port. _cango_, a yoke.]

CANICULAR, ka-nik'[=u]-lar, _adj._ pertaining to the Dog-star (CANIC'ULA) or to the Dog-days: (_coll._ and _hum._) pertaining to a dog. [L. _canicularis_, _canicula_, dim. of _canis_, a dog.]

CANINE, ka-n[=i]n', _adj._ like or pertaining to the dog.--CANINE APPETITE, an inordinate appetite; CANINE LETTER = R; CANINE TEETH, the four sharp-pointed tearing teeth in most mammals, one on each side of the upper and lower jaw, between the incisors or cutting teeth and the molars or grinders. [L. _caninus_, _canis_, a dog.]

CANISTER, kan'is-t[.e]r, _n._ a box or case, usually of tin, for holding tea, shot, &c.: short for canister-shot, or case-shot.--_n._ CAN'ISTER-SHOT (same as CASE-SHOT, q.v.). [L. _canistrum_, a wicker-basket; Gr. _kanastron_--_kann[=e]_, a reed.]

CANITIES, ka-nish'i-[=e]z, _n._ whiteness of the hair.

CANKER, kang'k[.e]r, _n._ an eating sore: a gangrene: a disease in trees, or in horses' feet: anything that corrupts, consumes, irritates, or decays.--_v.t._ to eat into, corrupt, or destroy: to infect or pollute: to make sour and ill-conditioned.--_v.i._ to grow corrupt: to decay.--_adj._ CANK'ERED, corroded: venomous, malignant: soured: crabbed.--_adv._ CANK'EREDLY.--_n._ CANK'EREDNESS.--_adj._ CANK'EROUS, corroding like a canker.--_n._ CANK'ER-WORM, a worm that cankers or eats into plants.--_adj._ CANK'ERY, affected with canker: (_Scot._) crabbed. [L. _cancer_, a crab, gangrene.]

CANNA, kan'na, _n._ a genus of reed-like plants--_Indian shot_: the upright stem of a candlestick, &c.: the tube by which the wine was taken from the chalice. [L., a reed.]

CANNA, kan'na, _n._ cotton-grass. [Gael. _cánach_.]

CANNABIC, kan'a-bik, _adj._ pertaining to hemp.--_ns._ CANN'ABIN, a resin obtained from the plant _Cannabis Indica_; CANN'ABIS, a genus of urticaceous plants, yielding bhang.

CANNEL, kan'el, _n._ a bituminous coal that burns with a bright flame, and is much used for making coal oils and gas.--Also CANN'EL-COAL, CAN'DLE-COAL. [Prob. conn. with CANDLE, because of the similarity in burning.]

CANNELURE, kan'e-l[=u]r, _n._ a groove or a fluting: a groove round the cylindrical part of a bullet. [Fr.]

CANNIBAL, kan'i-bal, _n._ one who eats human flesh.--_adj._ relating to cannibalism.--_n._ CANN'IBALISM, the practice of eating human flesh.--_adj._ CANNIBALIST'IC--_adv._ CANN'IBALLY (_Shak._). [Sp., a corr. of _Caribals_ (Eng. _Caribs_), the native name of the West India Islanders, who ate human flesh.]

CANNIKIN, kan'i-kin, _n._ a small can. [Dim. of CAN.]

CANNON, kan'un, _n._ a great gun used in war: a stroke in billiards in which the player hits both the red and his opponent's ball.--_v.i._ to cannonade: to make a cannon at billiards: to collide.--_n._ CANNONADE', an attack with cannon.--_v.t._ to attack or batter with cannon.--_ns._ CANNONAD'ING; CANN'ON-BALL, a ball usually made of cast-iron, to be shot from a cannon; CANN'ON-BIT, or CANN'ON, a smooth round bit; CANN'ON-BONE, the long bone between the knee and the foot of a horse; CANNONEER', CANNONIER', one who manages cannon; CANN'ON-GAME, a form of billiards in which, the table having no pockets, the game consists in making a series of cannons; CANN'ON-MET'AL, an alloy of about 90 parts of copper and 10 of tin, from which cannon are manufactured.--_adj._ CANN'ON-PROOF, proof against cannon-shot.--_ns._ CANN'ONRY, cannonading: artillery; CANN'ON-SHOT, a cannon-ball: the distance to which a cannon will throw a ball. [Fr. _canon_, from L. _canna_, a reed.]

CANNOT, kan'ot, _v.i._ to be unable. [CAN and NOT.]

CANNULA, kan'[=u]-la, _n._ a surgical tube, esp. that enclosing a trocar or perforator, and the breathing-tube inserted in the windpipe after tracheotomy.--_adj._ CANN'ULATE. [Dim. of _canna_, a reed.]

CANNY, kan'i, _adj._ (_Scot._) knowing: shrewd: having supernatural power (see UNCANNY): comfortable: careful in money matters: gentle: sly or pawky.--_adv._ CANN'ILY.--_n._ CANN'INESS.--TO CA' CANNY, to go or act cautiously. [From CAN, to be able.]

CANOE, ka-n[=oo]', _n._ a boat made of the hollowed trunk of a tree, or of bark or skins: a skiff driven by paddling.--_v.t._ to paddle a canoe.--_n._ CANOE'IST. [Sp. _canoa_--Haytian _canoa_.]

CAÑON, kan-yon', _n._ a deep gorge or ravine between high and steep banks, worn by watercourses. [Sp. _cañon_, a hollow, from root of CANNON.]

CANON, kan'un, _n._ a law or rule, esp. in ecclesiastical matters: a general rule: standard: the books of Scripture accepted as the standard or rule of faith by the Christian Church: a species of musical composition: one bound by certain vows over and above those binding upon regular members of his community--a canon _regular_: a clerical dignitary belonging to a cathedral, enjoying special emoluments, and obliged to reside there part of the year: a list of saints canonised: (_print._) a large kind of type.--_n._ CAN'ONESS, a female beneficiary of a regular religious college.--_adjs._ CANON'IC, -AL, according to or included in the canon: regular: ecclesiastical.--_adv._ CANON'ICALLY.--_n.pl._ CANON'ICALS, the official dress of the clergy, regulated by the church canons.--_ns._ CANONIC'ITY, the state of belonging to the canon of Scripture; CANONIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ CAN'ONISE, to enrol in the canon or list of saints.--_n._ CAN'ONIST, one versed in the canon law.--_adj._ CANONIST'IC.--_ns._ CAN'ON-LAW, a digest of the formal decrees of councils, oecumenical, general, and local, of diocesan and national synods, and of patriarchal decisions as to doctrine and discipline; CAN'ONRY, the benefice of a canon.--CANON OF THE MASS, that part of the mass which begins after the 'Sanctus' with the prayer 'Te igitur,' and ends just before the 'Paternoster;' CANON RESIDENTIARY, a canon obliged to reside at a cathedral and take a share in the duty; HONORARY CANON, one having the titular rank of canon in a cathedral, but without duties or emoluments; MINOR CANON, a cleric in orders, attached to a cathedral, his duty being to assist the canons in singing divine service. [A.S., Fr., from L. _canon_--Gr. _kan[=o]n_, a straight rod--_kann[=e]_, a reed.]

CANOPHILIST, ka-nof'i-list, _n._ a lover of dogs. [L. _canis_, a dog, Gr. _philein_, to love.]

CANOPUS, ka-n[=o]'pus, _n._ a bright star in the southern constellation _Argo navis_: an Egyptian vase for holding the entrails of the body embalmed.--_adj._ CANOP'IC. [L.,--Gr.]

CANOPY, kan'o-pi, _n._ a covering over a throne or bed: a covering of state stretched over the head: any covering, as the sky: a roof-like projection over a niche, tomb, statue, &c.: the wooden covering over prebends' stalls in cathedrals, pulpits, altars, &c.--_v.t._ to cover with a canopy:--_pr.p._ can'opying; _pa.p._ can'opied. [Fr. _canapé_--Low L. _canopeum_--Gr. _k[=o]n[=o]peion_, a mosquito curtain--_k[=o]n[=o]ps_, a mosquito.]

CANOROUS, kan-[=o]'rus, _adj._ musical: melodious.--_adv._ CAN[=O]'ROUSLY.--_n._ CAN[=O]'ROUSNESS. [L. _canorus_, from _canor_, melody--_can[)e]re_, to sing.]

CANSTICK, kan'stik, _n._ (_Shak._) a candlestick.

CANT, kant, _v.i._ to speak in a conventional manner: to use the language of thieves, &c.: to talk in an affectedly solemn or hypocritical way.--_n._ a hypocritical or affected style of speech: the language peculiar to a sect: odd or peculiar talk of any kind: _slang_: a common saying: affected use of religious phrases or sentiments.--_n._ CANT'ER, one who cants, a beggar: one who makes hypocritical professions.--_adj._ CANT'ING, whining, pretending to piety: (_her._) allusive (see ALLUSIVE). [L. c_ant[=a]re_, freq. of _can[)e]re_, to sing.]

CANT, kant, _n._ an inclination from the level: a toss or jerk: a sloping or tilted position: one of the segments forming a side-piece in the head of a cask: a ship's timber lying obliquely to the line of the keel.--_v.t._ to turn on the edge or corner: to tilt or toss suddenly.--_ns._ CANT'ING, tilting; CANT'ING-COIN; CANT'ING-WHEEL; CANT'-RAIL, a timber running along the tops of the upright pieces in the sides of the body of a railway-carriage and supporting the roof and roof-sticks. [Prob. conn. with Dut. _kant_; Ger. _kante_, corner.]

CANT, kant, _n._ sale by auction.--_v.t._ to sell by auction. [O. Fr. _encant_, auction; der. uncertain, cf. Low L. _incant[=a]re_, to put up to auction.]

CANT, kant, _adj._ brisk: lively. [Scot.; der. unknown. See CANTY.]

CAN'T, känt, a colloquial contraction for CANNOT.

CANTAB, kan'tab, for CANTABRIGIAN, _adj._ of or pertaining to Cambridge--Latinised _Cantabrigia_.

CANTABANK, kan'ta-bangk, _n._ a strolling singer. [It. _cantambanco_.]

CANTALOUP, kan'ta-loop, _n._ a small, ribbed variety of musk-melon. [Fr.,--It. _Cantalupo_, a town near Rome, where it was first grown in Europe.]

CANTANKEROUS, kan-tang'k[.e]r-us, _adj._ cross-grained: perverse in temper.--_adv._ CANTAN'KEROUSLY.--_n._ CANTAN'KEROUSNESS. [M. E. _contak_, quarrelling.]

CANTAR, kan'tär, _n._ a Turkish weight of 100 rotls or pounds.

CANTATA, kan-tä'ta, _n._ originally the name applied to a sort of musical narrative by one person, accompanied by a single instrument; subsequently an air was introduced--the modern concert-aria: now also a choral work, either sacred, and similar to, but shorter than the oratorio, or secular, either lyric or dramatic, but not intended for the stage.--_ns._ CANTA'TE, the 98th Psalm, from its opening words in Latin, 'Cantate Domino;' CAN'TATRICE, a female singer. [It.,--L. _cant[=a]re_, freq. of _can[)e]re_, to sing.]

CANTEEN, kan-t[=e]n', _n._ a tin vessel used by soldiers for holding liquors: a barrack-tavern, or refreshment-house for the use of the soldiers. [Fr. _cantine_--It. _cantina_, a cellar; further der. uncertain.]

CANTER, kan't[.e]r, _n._ an easy gallop.--_v.i._ to move at an easy gallop.--_v.t._ to make to canter. [Orig. _Canterbury-gallop_, from the easy pace at which the pilgrims rode to the shrine at Canterbury.]

CANTERBURY, kan't[.e]r-ber-ri, _n._ a stand with divisions in it for holding books, music, &c.--CANTERBURY BELLS (see CAMPANULA).

CANTHARIDES, kan-thar'i-d[=e]z, _n.pl._ Spanish flies, used for blistering.--_adjs._ CANTHAR'IDAL, CANTHARID'IAN, CANTHARID'IC, composed of cantharides.--_n._ CANTHAR'IDINE, the active principle of blistering-flies. [L. _cantharis_, beetle, pl. _cantharides_.]

CANTHARUS, kan'tha-rus, _n._ a large two-handled drinking-cup: a laver in the atrium before ancient churches;--_pl._ CAN'THAR[=I], [L.]

CANTHUS, kan'thus, _n._ the angle formed by the junction of the eyelids: one of the upper and lower or anterior and posterior extremities of the compound eyes of insects:--_pl._ CAN'THI (-th[=i]). [Gr. _kanthos_, corner of the eye.]

CANTICLE, kan'ti-kl, _n._ a song: a non-metrical hymn, esp. one of those used in the public services of the church, as the _Benedicite_: (_pl._) the Song of Solomon.--_n._ CAN'TICUM, a canticle: a part-song in an ancient play. [L. _canticulum_, dim of _canticum_.]

CANTILENA, kan-ti-l[=e]'na, _n._ a ballad or light song: a cantus firmus or melody for church use: a singing exercise or solfeggio. [L.]

CANTILEVER, kan'ti-l[=e]v-[.e]r, _n._ a large bracket used in architecture for supporting cornices, balconies, and even stairs--the principle has been applied in the construction of bridges to support enormous weights.--Also CAN'TALIVER. [Prob. made up of CANT, angle, and Fr. _lever_, to raise.]

CANTILLATE, kan'ti-l[=a]t, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to chant, intone.--_n._ CANTILL[=A]'TION.--_adj._ CAN'TILLATORY.

CANTION, kan'shun, _n._ (_Spens._) a song.

CANTLE, kan'tl, _n._ a fragment or edge of anything: the protuberant part of the back of a saddle: (_Scot._) the top of the head.--_v.t._ to cut a piece from: to divide.--_ns._ CANT'LET, a fragment, cantle; CANT'LING, the lower course of bricks enclosing a brick-clamp. [CANT, edge.]

CANTO, kan't[=o], _n._ division of a song or poem: the treble or leading melody.--_n._ CAN'TOR, the leader of the singing in a church, a precentor.--_adjs._ CANT[=O]'RIAL; CANT[=O]'RIS (gen. of L. _cantor_), of or belonging to the cantor or precentor.--_n._ CAN'TUS, a melody, esp. an ecclesiastical style of music.--CANTO FERMO, the simple melody of the hymns and chants used in the Christian Church of the West from the earliest times. [It.,--L. _cantus_--_can[)e]re_, to sing.]

CANTON, kan'tun, _n._ a division of territory, constituting in Switzerland a separate government, in France a subdivision of an arrondissement: (_her._) an ordinary of a shield, being a square occupying generally the dexter, sometimes the sinister, chief of the field.--_v.t._ to divide into cantons: to allot quarters to troops.--_adjs._ CAN'TONAL, pertaining to or divided into cantons; CAN'TONED (_archit._), ornamented at the corners with projecting pilasters: (_her._) placed in the midst of charges occupying the corners.--_n._ CAN'TONMENT (also pronounced can-t[=oo]n'ment), the temporary quarters of troops when taking part in manoeuvres or active operations: in India, permanent military towns, distinct and at some little distance from the principal cities. [O. Fr. _canton_; It. _cantone_, corner, district--_canto_, a corner: cf. CANT (2).]

CANTOR. See under CANTO.

CANTRED, kan'tred, _n._ a division of the country: a hundred. [W. _cantref_--_cant_, hundred, and _tref_, town.]

CANTRIP, kan'trip, _n._ a freak or wilful piece of trickery: a witch's spell. [Scot.; ety. unknown; Jamieson suggested _cant_, to turn over, _raip_, a roap.]

CANTUARIAN, kan-t[=u]-[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to Canterbury as the archiepiscopal see of the primate of the Church of England. [Low L. _Cantuarius_, _Cantuarensis_--A.S. _Cantware_ (pl.), the people of Kent.]

CANTY, kan'ti, _adj._ cheerful, lively.--_n._ CAN'TINESS. [Scot.; cf. Low Ger. _kantig_.]

CANVAS, kan'vas, _n._ a coarse cloth made of hemp, used for sails, tents, &c., and for painting on: the sails of a ship.--_v.t._ to cover with canvas.--_ns._ CAN'VAS-BACK, a North American duck, very good eating, its back ashy white, crossed by broken, zigzag, dark lines; CAN'VAS-CLIMB'ER (_Shak._), a sailor; CAN'VAS-STRETCH'ER, a wooden frame on which canvas is stretched for oil-painting; CAN'VAS-WORK, embroidery upon cloth over which canvas has been laid to guide the stitches: an embroidery in Berlin wool on silk canvas with plush-stitch.--UNDER CANVAS, having the sails unfurled, under sail: living in tents. [O. Fr. _canevas_--L. and Gr. _cannabis_, hemp.]

CANVASS, kan'vas, _v.t._ to sift, examine: to discuss: to solicit votes, contributions, &c.--_v.i._ to solicit votes, &c. (with _for_).--_n._ close examination: a seeking or solicitation.--_n._ CAN'VASSER. [From CANVAS.]

CANY, k[=a]n'i, _adj._ (_Milton_) made of canes.

CANYON. Same as CAÑON.

CANZONE, kan-z[=o]'n[=a], _n._ a song or air in two or more parts, with passages of fugue and imitation: a series of stanzas in Italian poetry, of various metrical arrangements, and restricted to no set themes--(_dim._) CANZONET', CANZONETTE'. [It., a song (Fr. _chanson_), L. _cantion-em_, _can[)e]re_, to sing.]

CAOUTCHOUC, kow'chuk, _n._ the highly elastic juice or gum of a plant which grows in South America and Asia: india-rubber. [Fr.--Carib. _cahuchu_.]

CAP, kap, _n._ a woman's head-dress of muslin, or the like: a boy's head-dress, any kind of unbrimmed covering for the head: a cap-like covering of any kind: a cover: the top.--_v.t._ to put on a cap, as the official cap of a degree in some colleges: to outdo or surpass: to cover the end or top: to raise the cap in token of respect:--_pr.p._ cap'ping; _pa.p._ capped.--_n._ CAP'-CASE, a small travelling-case, a chest.--CAP AND BELLS, the characteristic marks of a professional jester; CAP A STORY, QUOTATION, VERSE, &c., to follow one up with another, or with its proper continuation or conclusion; CAP IN HAND, symbolic of reverence or submission; CAP OF LIBERTY, or _Phrygian bonnet_, the conical cap given to a Roman slave on enfranchisement, now the symbol of republicanism; CAP OF MAINTENANCE (see MAINTENANCE).--A FEATHER IN ONE'S CAP, something giving distinction: something to be proud of.--BLACK CAP, that put on by the judge before pronouncing sentence of death; COLLEGE CAP, the so-called square mortarboard, or trencher-cap, worn at English colleges.--PERCUSSION CAP, a small copper cylinder, closed at one end, for conveniently holding the detonating powder which is exploded by the act of percussion in percussion-arms.--SET ONE'S CAP AT, of a woman, to set herself to captivate a man's fancy.--THE CAP FITS, the allusion hits or suits; THROW UP ONE'S CAP, in token of immoderate joy. [A.S. _cæppe_--Low L. _cappa_, a cape or cope.]

CAP, kap, _n._ a wooden drinking-bowl, with two handles. [Scot., prob. from A.S. _copp_, a cup; prob. Scand. _koppr_.]

CAPA, kä'pa, _n._ a Spanish cloak: fine Cuban tobacco for the outsides of cigars. [Sp.]

CAPABLE, k[=a]p'a-bl, _adj._ having ability, power, or skill to do: qualified, competent.--_ns._ CAPABIL'ITY, CAP'ABLENESS. [Fr.,--Low L. _capabilis_--L. _cap[)e]re_, to hold, take.]

CAPACITY, kap-as'i-ti, _n._ power of holding or grasping a thing: room: volume: power of mind: character: position enabling one to do something.--_adj._ CAP[=A]'CIOUS, including much: roomy: wide: extensive.--_adv._ CAP[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_n._ CAP[=A]'CIOUSNESS.--_v.t._ CAPAC'ITATE, to make capable: to qualify; CAPACITY FOR HEAT, power of absorbing heat.--LEGAL CAPACITY, the power to alter one's rights or duties by the exercise of free-will, or responsibility to punishment for one's acts. [Fr.,--L. _capacitas_,--_cap[)e]re_, to take, hold.]

CAP-À-PIE, kap-a-p[=e]', _adv._ from head to foot, referring to arming, as a knight. [O. Fr. _cap a pie_ (mod. _de pied en cap_)--L. _caput_, head, and _pes_, foot.]

CAPARISON, ka-par'is-un, _n._ the covering of a horse: a rich cloth laid over a war-horse: dress and ornaments generally.--_v.t._ to cover with a cloth, as a horse: to dress very richly.--_adj._ CAPAR'ISONED. [Fr. _caparaçon_--Sp. _caparazon_, augmentative of _capa_, a cape, cover--Low L. _cappa_.]

CAPE, k[=a]p, _n._ a covering for the shoulders attached as a tippet to a coat or cloak: a sleeveless cloak. [O. Fr. _cape_--Low L. _cappa_.]

CAPE, k[=a]p, _n._ a head or point of land running into the sea: a headland: a wine produced in Cape Colony.--_v.i._ (_naut._) to keep a course.--THE CAPE, for the Cape Colony. [Fr. _cap_--L. _caput_, the head.]

CAPELIN, kap'e-lin, _n._ a small fish of the smelt family, extremely abundant on the coasts of Newfoundland, and much used as bait in the cod-fishery.--Also CAP'LIN. [Fr. and Sp. _capelan_.]

CAPELINE, kap'e-lin, _n._ a small iron skull-cap worn by archers in the middle ages: a light woollen hood worn by ladies going out to an evening party: a surgical bandage for the head.--Also CAP'ELLINE. [Fr.,--Low L. _capella_--_capa_, a cap.]

CAPELLET, kap'e-let, _n._ a wen-like swelling on a horse's elbow, or on the back part of his hock. [Fr.,--Low L. _capella_--_capa_, a cap.]

CAPELL-MEISTER. Same as KAPELLMEISTER (q.v.).

CAPER, k[=a]'p[.e]r, _n._ the pickled flower-bud of the caper-shrub, much grown in Sicily. It has an agreeable pungency of taste, with a slight bitterness, and is much used in sauces, along with boiled mutton, &c.--_n._ C[=A]'PER-TEA, a black tea with a knotty curled leaf. [L. and Gr. _capparis_.]

CAPER, k[=a]'p[.e]r, _v.i._ to leap or skip like a goat: to dance in a frolicsome manner.--_n._ a leap: a prank.--_n._ C[=A]'PERER, a dancer.--TO CUT A CAPER, to dance or act fantastically. [See CAPRIOLE.]

CAPERCAILZIE, k[=a]-per-k[=a]l'yi, _n._ a species of grouse, almost equal in size to a turkey, and the largest of the gallinaceous birds of Europe.--Also CAPERCAIL'LIE. [Gael. _capull coilie_, large woodcock.]

CAPERNAITE, kap-er'na-[=i]t, _n._ a polemical term applied to a believer in transubstantiation--from John, vi. 52.--_adj._ CAPERNAIT'IC.--_adv._ CAPERNAIT'ICALLY. [_Capernaum_, a town in Galilee.]

CAPERNOITIE, kap-er-noi'ti, _n._ (_Scot._) head, noddle.--_n._ CAPERNOI'TEDNESS.--_adjs._ CAPERNOI'TY, CAPERNOI'TED, peevish: crabbed.

CAPIAS, k[=a]'pi-as, _n._ a judicial writ, commanding the sheriff to arrest the person named in it. [L. _capias_, thou mayst take--L. _cap[)e]re_, to take.]

CAPIBARA. Same as CAPYBARA.

CAPILLAIRE, kap-il-l[=a]r', _n._ (_orig._) a syrup extracted from the maiden-hair fern: a simple syrup flavoured with orange-flower water. [Fr., 'maiden-hair'--L. _capillaris_. See CAPILLARY.]

CAPILLAMENT, ka-pil'a-ment, _n._ a filament or fine fibre. [L. _capillamentum_--_capillus_, hair.]

CAPILLARY, kap'il-a-ri, or ka-pil'a-ri, _adj._ as fine or minute as a hair: having a very small bore, as a tube.--_n._ a tube with a bore as fine as a hair: (_pl._) the minute vessels that unite the veins and arteries in animals.--_adj._ CAPILLACEOUS (kap-i-l[=a]'shi-us), hair-like, capillary.--_n._ CAPILLAR'ITY, a name given to certain phenomena which appear when open tubes, having a very small bore, are placed in vessels containing liquids--e.g., if placed in water, the level of the water in the tube will be above that of the general surface.--_adj._ CAP'ILLOSE, hairy. [L. _capillaris_--_capillus_, hair, akin to _caput_, the head, akin to Eng. HEAD.]