Chapter XXXI: Part 31

DENOMINATE, d[=e]-nom'in-[=a]t, _v.t._ to give a name to: to call.--_adj._ DENOM'INABLE.--_n._ DENOMIN[=A]'TION, the act of naming: a name or title: a collection of individuals called by the same name: a sect.--_adj._ DENOMIN[=A]'TIONAL, belonging to a denomination or sect.--_n._ DENOMIN[=A]'TIONALISM, a denominational or class spirit or policy: devotion to the interests of a sect.--_adj._ DENOM'INATIVE, giving or having a title.--_adv._ DENOM'INATIVELY.--_n._ DENOM'INATOR, he who, or that which, gives a name: (_arith._) the lower number in a vulgar fraction, which names the parts into which the integer is divided. [L. _de_, and _nomin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to name--_nomen_, a name.]

DENOTE, d[=e]-n[=o]t', _v.t._ to note or mark off: to indicate by a sign: to signify or mean: (_log._) to indicate the objects comprehended in a class.--_adj._ DEN[=O]'TABLE.--_n._ DENOT[=A]'TION, that which a word names or indicates, in contradistinction to that which it _connotes_ or signifies.--_adj._ DEN[=O]'TATIVE.--_adv._ DEN[=O]'TATIVELY.--_n._ DEN[=O]TE'MENT (_Shak._), a sign or indication. [Fr.,--L. _denot[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_de_, inten., and _not[=a]re_, to mark--_nota_, a mark or sign.]

DÉNOUEMENT, d[=a]-n[=oo]'mong, _n._ the unravelling of a plot or story: the issue, event, or outcome. [Fr. _dénouement_ or _dénoûment_; _dénouer_, to untie--_de_, neg., and _nouer_, to tie--L. _nodus_, a knot.]

DENOUNCE, de-nowns', _v.t._ to inform against or accuse publicly: (_U.S._) to claim the right of working a mine, as being abandoned or insufficiently worked.--_ns._ DENOUNCE'MENT (same as DENUNCIATION); DENOUNC'ER. [Fr. _dénoncer_--L. _denunti[=a]re_--_de_, inten., and _nunti[=a]re_, to announce.]

DENSE, dens, _adj._ thick, close, compact: impenetrably stupid.--_n._ a thicket.--_adv._ DENSE'LY.--_ns._ DENSE'NESS; DENS'ITY, the quality of being dense: the proportion of mass to bulk or volume: the quantity of matter per unit of bulk. [L. _densus_, thick.]

DENSIMETER, den-sim'et-[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for ascertaining the comparative density or specific gravity of a substance. [L. _densus_, dense, and _metrum_ (Gr. _metron_), measure.]

DENT, dent, _n._ a small hollow made by the pressure or blow of a harder body on a softer.--_v.t._ to make a mark by means of a blow.--_p.adj._ DENT'ED, marked with dents: indented. [A variant of _dint_.]

DENT, dent, _n._ a notch.--_v.t._ to notch. [Confused with the preceding, but from Fr. _dent_, tooth--L. _dens_, _dentis_.]

DENTAGRA, den-tag'ra, _n._ a tooth-drawing forceps: toothache.

DENTAL, den'tal, _adj._ belonging to the teeth: produced by the aid of the teeth.--_n._ an articulation or letter pronounced chiefly with the teeth.--_adj._ DEN'TARY, belonging to dentition, bearing teeth.--_n._ the distal element of the jaw of vertebrates below mammals.--DENTAL ENGINE, a mechanical appliance giving a rotary motion to a dentist's boring instruments. [L. _dens_, _dentis_, a tooth. See TOOTH.]

DENTATE, -D, den't[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ toothed: notched: set as with teeth. [L. _dentatus_, toothed, _dens_, a tooth.]

DENTEL. See DENTIL.

DENTEX, den'teks, _n._ a voracious sparoid fish.

DENTICLE, den'ti-kl, _n._ a small tooth.--_adjs._ DENTIC'UL[=A]TE, -D, having notches.--_n._ DENTICUL[=A]'TION. [L. _denticulus_, dim. of _dens_, a tooth.]

DENTIFORM, den'ti-form, _adj._ having the form of a tooth or of teeth. [L. _dens_, _dentis_, tooth, and _forma_, form.]

DENTIFRICE, den'ti-fris, _n._ a substance used in rubbing or cleaning the teeth. [Fr.,--L. _dentifricium_, from _dens_, and _fric[=a]re_, to rub.]

DENTIGEROUS, den-tij'e-rus, _adj._ bearing teeth.

DENTIL, den'til, _n._ a denticle: (_pl._) small square blocks or projections in the bed-mouldings of the cornices of columns--also DEN'TEL.--_adj._ DEN'TILATED. [See DENTICLE.]

DENTILINGUAL, den-ti-ling'-gwal, _adj._ formed between the teeth and the tongue, as _th_ in _thin_, _this_.--_n._ a consonant so formed.--Also DENTOLING'UAL. [L. _dent-_, _dens_, a tooth, _lingua_, the tongue.]

DENTINE, DENTIN, den'tin, _n._ the substance of which the tooth is formed, under the enamel. [L. _dens_, _dentis_, a tooth.]

DENTIROSTRAL, den-ti-ros'tral, _adj._ having the mandibles of the beak toothed or notched, as certain birds. [L. _dens_, _dentis_, a tooth, and _rostrum_, a beak.]

DENTIST, den'tist, _n._ one who remedies diseases of the teeth, or inserts artificial teeth.--_v.i._ DEN'TISE, to cut one's teeth.--_ns._ DEN'TISTRY, the business of a dentist; DENTI'TION, the cutting or growing of teeth: the conformation, number, and arrangement of the teeth.

DENTOID, den'toid, _adj._ formed or shaped like a tooth. [L. _dens_, _dentis_, a tooth, and Gr. _eidos_, form.]

DENTOLINGUAL. See DENTILINGUAL.

DENUDE, de-n[=u]d', _v.t._ to make nude or naked: to lay bare.--_n._ DENUD[=A]'TION, a making nude or bare: (_geol._) the wearing away of rocks by water and atmospheric action, whereby the underlying rocks are laid bare. [L. _denud[=a]re_--_de_, inten., and _nud[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to make naked--_nudus_, naked.]

DENUNCIATE, de-nun'shi-[=a]t, _v.t._ same as DENOUNCE.--_ns._ DENUNCIATION (-shi-[=a]'-, or -si-[=a]'-), any formal declaration: act of denouncing: a threat; DENUN'CIATOR, one who denounces.--_adj._ DENUN'CIATORY, containing a denunciation: threatening.

DENY, de-n[=i]', _v.t._ to gainsay or declare not to be true: to reject: to refuse admission to: to disown:--_pr.p._ deny'ing; _pa.p._ denied'.--_adv._ DENY'INGLY.--DENY ONE'S SELF, to deny one's self the indulgence of bodily appetites and carnal inclinations: to exercise self-denial. [Fr. _denier_--L. _deneg[=a]re_--_de_, inten., and _neg[=a]re_, to say no. See NEGATION.]

DEOBSTRUENT, de-ob'str[=oo]-ent, _adj._ (_med._) removing obstructions.

DEODAND, d[=e]'o-dand, _n._ in old English law, a personal chattel which had been the immediate, accidental cause of the death of a human being, forfeited to the crown for pious uses. [L. _deo_, to God, _dandum_, that must be given--_d[)a]re_, to give.]

DEODAR, de-o-där', _n._ a cedar much praised by Indian poets: the _Cedrus Deodara_ of the Himalayas. [Sans. _Deva-d[=a]ru_, divine tree--a name given to various coniferous trees growing in sacred places.]

DEODATE, d[=e]'[=o]-d[=a]t, _n._ a gift from God. [L. _deo_, to God, _datum_, given part, pa.p. of _d[)a]re_, to give.]

DEODORISE, d[=e]-[=o]'dor-[=i]z, _v.t._ to take the odour or smell from.--_ns._ DEODORIS[=A]'TION; DE[=O]'DORISER, a substance that destroys or conceals unpleasant smells.

DEONTOLOGY, d[=e]-on-tol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of duty, ethics.--_adj._ DEONTOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ DEONTOL'OGIST.

DEOPPILATE, d[=e]-op'i-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to free from obstruction.--_n._ DEOPPIL[=A]'TION.--_adj._ DEOP'PILATIVE.

DEOXIDATE, de-oks'i-d[=a]t, _v.t._ to take oxygen from, or reduce from the state of an oxide--also DEOX'IDISE.--_ns._ DEOXID[=A]'TION; DEOXID[=I]'SER, a substance that deoxidises.

DEOXYGENATE, de-oks-ij'en-[=a]t, _v.t._ to deprive of oxygen.--Also DEOXY'GENISE.

DEOZONISE, de-[=o]-z[=o]n'[=i]z, _v.t._ to deprive of ozone.

DEPAINT, de-p[=a]nt', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to paint: depict.

DEPART, de-pärt', _v.i._ to go away: to quit or leave: to die: (_obs._) to separate from one another.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to separate, divide.--_ns._ DEPART'ER; DEPART'ING; DEPART'URE, act of departing: a going away from a place: deviation: the distance in nautical miles made good by a ship due east or west: death.--A NEW DEPARTURE, a change of purpose or method, a new course of procedure.--THE DEPARTED, the deceased. [Fr. _départir_--L. _de_, from, and _part[=i]ri_, to part, to divide.]

DEPARTMENT, de-pärt'ment, _n._ a part: a separate part of business or duty: a section of the administration: a division of a country, esp. of France.--_adj._ DEPARTMENT'AL.--_adv._ DEPARTMENT'ALLY.

DEPASTURE, de-pas't[=u]r, _v.t._ to eat bare.--_v.i._ to graze.

DEPAUPERISE, de-paw'per-[=i]z, _v.t._ to remove from the state of paupers.--_v.t._ DEPAU'PERATE, to impoverish.

DEPEINCT, de-p[=a]nt', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to paint.

DEPEND, de-pend', _v.i._ to hang down: to be sustained by or connected with anything: to be pending: to rely: to rest.--_adjs._ DEPEND'ABLE, that may be depended on; DEPEND'ENT, depending, relying on, contingent, relative.--_n._ a subordinate: a hanger-on--also DEPEND'ANT.--_ns._ DEPEND'ENCE, state of being dependent, reliance, trust: that on which one depends--also DEPEND'ANCE; DEPEND'ENCY, same as DEPENDENCE, in the additional sense of a foreign territory dependent on the mother-country, a kind of subordinate colony without self-government.--_adj._ DEPEND'ING, still undetermined.--_adv._ DEPEND'INGLY. [Fr. _dépendre_--L. _depend[=e]re_--_de_, from, and _pend[=e]re_, to hang.]

DEPERSONALISE, d[=e]-per'son-al-[=i]z, _v.t._ to take away the characteristics that constitute the personality of.

DEPHLEGMATE, de-fleg'm[=a]t, _v.t._ (_chem._) to free from water.--_ns._ DEPHLEGM[=A]'TION; DEPHLEGM[=A]'TOR.

DEPHLOGISTICATE, de-flo-jis'ti-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to deprive of phlogiston, once supposed to be the principle of heat.--DEPHLOGISTICATED AIR, the name given by Priestley to oxygen when discovered by him in 1774.

DEPICT, de-pikt', _v.t._ to paint carefully: to make a likeness of: to describe minutely. [L. _deping[)e]re_, _depictum_--_de_, inten., _ping[)e]re_, to paint.]

DEPICTURE, de-pikt'[=u]r, _v.t._ to picture: to paint: to represent:--_pr.p._ depict'[=u]ring; _pa.p._ depict'[=u]red.

DEPILATE, dep'i-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to remove the hair from.--_ns._ DEPIL[=A]'TION; DEPIL'ATORY, an application for removing superfluous hairs.--_adj._ possessing this quality.

DEPLANTATION, d[=e]-plan-t[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of clearing from plants or of transplanting.

DEPLETE, de-pl[=e]t', _v.t._ to empty, reduce, exhaust.--_n._ DEPL[=E]'TION, the act of emptying or exhausting: (_med._) the act of relieving congestion or plethora, by purging, blood-letting, or reduction of the system by abstinence.--_adjs._ DEPL[=E]'TIVE, DEPL[=E]'TORY. [L. _depl[=e]re_, _depl[=e]tum_, to empty, _de_, neg., _pl[=e]re_, to fill.]

DEPLICATION, dep-li-k[=a]'shun, _n._ an unfolding or unplaiting.

DEPLORE, de-pl[=o]r', _v.t._ to feel or express deep grief for.--_adj._ DEPLOR'ABLE, lamentable: sad.--_n._ DEPLOR'ABLENESS.--_adv._ DEPLOR'ABLY.--_n._ DEPLOR[=A]'TION (_obs._), lamentation.--_adv._ DEPLOR'INGLY. [Fr.,--L. _deplor[=a]re_--_de_, inten., _plor[=a]re_, to weep.]

DEPLOY, de-ploy', _v.t._ to unfold: to open out or extend.--_v.i._ to open: to extend from column into line, as a body of troops.--_ns._ DEPLOY', DEPLOY'MENT. [Fr. _déployer_--L. _dis_, apart, and _plic[=a]re_, to fold. Doublet of DISPLAY.]

DEPLUME, de-pl[=oo]m', _v.t._ to take the plumes or feathers from.--_n._ DEPLUM[=A]'TION.

DEPOLARISE, de-p[=o]'lar-[=i]z, _v.t._ to deprive of polarity.--_n._ DEPOLARIS[=A]'TION.

DEPONE, de-p[=o]n', _v.t._ to testify upon oath. [L. _depon[)e]re_--_de_, down, and _pon[)e]re_, to place.]

DEPONENT, de-p[=o]'nent, _adj._ (_gram._) applied to verbs with a passive form but an active signification.--_n._ one who makes a deposition, esp. under oath, or whose written testimony is used as evidence in a court of justice. [L., pr.p. of _depon[)e]re_.]

DEPOPULATE, de-pop'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to deprive of population, to dispeople.--_v.i._ to become dispeopled.--_adj._ depopulated.--_ns._ DEPOPUL[=A]'TION, act of depopulating: havoc: destruction; DEPOP'ULATOR. [L. _depopul[=a]ri_, _depopul[=a]tus_--_de_, inten., and _popul[=a]ri_, to spread over a country, said of a hostile people (L. _populus_)--hence to ravage, to destroy. Some make it a freq. of _spoli[=a]re_, to plunder.]

DEPORT, de-p[=o]rt', _v.t._ to transport, to exile: to behave.--_ns._ DEPORT[=A]'TION, transportation, exile; DEPORT'MENT, carriage, behaviour. [Fr.,--L. _deport[=a]re_--_de_, away, and _port[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to carry.]

DEPOSE, de-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to remove from a high station: to degrade: to strip: to attest: (_Shak._) to examine on oath.--_adj._ DEPOS'ABLE.--_n._ DEPOS'AL. [Fr.,--L. _de_, from, _paus[=a]re_, to pause, (late) to place.]

DEPOSIT, de-poz'it, _v.t._ to put or set down: to place: to lay up or past: to entrust.--_n._ that which is deposited or put down: (_geol._) rocks produced by precipitation from a fluid medium, by settling from a solution in water: something entrusted to another's care, esp. money put in a bank: a pledge: a bailment where one entrusts goods to another to be kept without recompense--in Scots law, DEPOSIT[=A]'TION.--_ns._ DEPOS'ITARY, a person with whom anything is left for safe keeping: a guardian--sometimes DEPOS'ITORY.--_adj._ DEPOS'ITIVE.--_ns._ DEPOS'ITOR; DEPOS'ITORY, a place where anything is deposited--sometimes DEPOS'ITARY. [Fr.,--L. _depositum_, placed--_depon[)e]re_, from _de_, and _pon[)e]re_, to put down.]

DEPOSITION, dep-o-zish'un, _n._ act of deposing: act of deponing: declaration, testimony taken authoritatively, to be used as a substitute for the production of the witness in open court: removal: act of depositing: what is deposited, sediment.

DEPOT, dep'[=o], de'p[=o], or d[=e]'p[=o], _n._ a place of deposit: a storehouse: a military station where stores are kept and recruits trained: the headquarters of a regiment: the portion of a regiment that remains at home when the rest go on foreign service: (_U.S._) a railway station. [Fr. _depôt_--L. _depon[)e]re_, _-positum_.]

DEPRAVE, de-pr[=a]v', _v.t._ to make bad or worse: to corrupt.--_n._ DEPRAV[=A]'TION, act of depraving: state of being depraved: depravity.--_adj._ DEPR[=A]VED', corrupt.--_adv._ DEPR[=A]V'EDLY.--_ns._ DEPR[=A]V'EDNESS; DEPRAVE'MENT, vitiation.--_adv._ DEPR[=A]V'INGLY.--_n._ DEPRAV'ITY, a vitiated or corrupt state of moral character: extreme wickedness: corruption: (_theol._) the hereditary tendency of man toward sin: original sin. [Fr.,--L. _deprav[=a]re_--_de_, inten., _pravus_, bad.]

DEPRECATE, dep're-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to try to ward off by prayer: to desire earnestly the prevention or removal of: to regret deeply: to argue against.--_adj._ DEP'RECABLE, that is to be deprecated.--_n._ DEPREC[=A]'TION, act of deprecating, earnest prayer, esp. a special petition against some evil, in litanies.--_adv._ DEP'RECATINGLY.--_adjs._ DEP'RECATIVE, DEP'RECATORY, tending to avert evil by prayer: having the form of prayer.--_n._ DEP'RECATOR. [L. _deprec[=a]ri_, _deprec[=a]tus_--_de_, away, and _prec[=a]ri_, to pray.]

DEPRECIATE, de-pr[=e]'shi-[=a]t, _v.t._ to lower the worth of: to undervalue: to disparage.--_v.i._ to fall in value.--_n._ DEPRECI[=A]'TION, the falling of value: disparagement.--_adjs._ DEPR[=E]'CIATIVE, DEPR[=E]'CIATORY, tending to depreciate or lower.--_n._ DEPR[=E]'CIATOR. [L. _depreti[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_de_, down, and _pretium_, price.]

DEPREDATE, dep're-d[=a]t, _v.t._ to plunder or prey upon: to rob: to lay waste: to devour.--_ns._ DEPRED[=A]'TION, act of plundering: state of being depredated; DEP'REDATOR.--_adj._ DEP'REDATORY. [L. _depræd[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_de_, inten., and _præd[=a]ri_--_præda_, plunder.]

DEPREHEND, dep're-hend, _v.t._ to catch, seize: to apprehend. [Through Fr. from L. _deprehend[)e]re_--_de_, and _prehend[)e]re_, to take.]

DEPRESS, de-pres', _v.t._ to press down: to let down: to lower: to humble: to make subject: to dispirit or cast a gloom over.--_n._ DEPRES'SANT (_med._), a sedative.--_p.adj._ DEPRESSED', pressed down: lowered: humbled: dejected: dispirited.--_adj._ DEPRES'SING, able or tending to depress.--_adv._ DEPRES'SINGLY.--_ns._ DEPRES'SION, a falling in or sinking: a lowering: a fall of the barometer: a hollow: abasement: dejection; DEPRES'SOR, an oppressor: a muscle that draws down: a surgical instrument for squeezing down a soft part. [L. _deprim[)e]re_, _-pressum_--_de_, down, and _prim[)e]re_, to press.]

DEPRIVE, de-pr[=i]v', _v.t._ to take away from one his own: in take from: to dispossess: to degrade (a clergyman) from office: to bereave.--_n._ DEPRIV[=A]'TION, act of depriving: state of being deprived: degradation from office: loss: bereavement: suffering from hardship.--_adj._ DEPRIV'ATIVE.--_n._ DEPRIVE'MENT. [Low L. _depriv[=a]re_, to degrade--L. _de_, from, and _priv[=a]re_, to deprive--_privus_, one's own.]

DE PROFUNDIS, d[=e] pr[=o]-fun'dis, 'Out of the depths,' the first words of the 130th Psalm--also used as a name for this penitential psalm. [L.]

DEPTH, depth, _n._ deepness: the measure of deepness down or inwards: a deep place: the sea: the middle, as depth of winter: abstruseness: extent of sagacity and penetration.--_adj._ DEPTH'LESS, having no depth.--OUT OF ONE'S DEPTH, in water where one cannot touch bottom: in water too deep for one's safety: beyond one's faculties.--THE DEPTHS, the lowest pitch of humiliation and misery. [Not in A.S.; Skeat makes it Ice. _dýpð_, from _djúpr_, deep.]

DEPURATE, dep'[=u]-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to purify: sometimes to render impure.--_ns._ DEPUR[=A]'TION; DEP'URATOR.--_adj._ DEP'URATORY. [Low L. _depur[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to purify--L. _de_, and _pur[=a]re_, to purify--_purus_, pure.]

DEPUTE, de-p[=u]t', _v.t._ to appoint or send, as a substitute or agent: to send with a special commission: to make over one's powers to another.--_adj._ in Scotland, appointed deputy (as in _sheriff-depute_--often called simply the _depute_).--_n._ DEPUT[=A]'TION, act of deputing: the person or persons deputed or appointed to transact business for another: persons sent to state a case before a government official.--_v.t._ DEP'UTISE, to appoint as deputy.--_v.i._ to act as such.--_n._ DEP'UTY, one deputed or appointed to act for another: a delegate or representative, or substitute. [Fr.,--L. _deput[=a]re_, to cut off, (late) to select.]

DERACINATE, de-ras'i-n[=a]t, _v.t._ to pluck up by the roots. [Fr. _déraciner_--L. _de_, and _radix_, _rad[)i]cis_, a root.]

DERAIL, de-r[=a]l', _v.t._ to cause to leave the rails.--_n._ DERAIL'MENT.

DERAIN, de-r[=a]n', _v.t._ to prove: to justify: to win by fighting: to prepare for battle: to arrange in order of battle.--Also DERAIGN', DARRAIN', DARRAYNE'. [O. Fr. _derainier_, _desraisnier_--Late L. _deration[=a]re_, to vindicate--L. _de_ or _dis_, and _ration[=a]re_, to discourse; _ratio_, reason.]

DERANGE, de-r[=a]nj', _v.t._ to put out of place or order: to disorder.--_p.adj._ DERANGED', disordered: insane.--_n._ DERANGE'MENT, disorder; insanity. [Fr. _déranger_--_dé_ (L. _dis_), asunder, and _ranger_, to rank.]

DERAY, de-r[=a]', _v.t._ to derange.--_v.i._ to go wild.--_n._ tumult, disorder. [O. Fr. _desreer_--_des_, neg., and _rei_, _roi_, order. See ARRAY.]

DERBEND, der'bend, _n._ a wayside Turkish guardhouse.

DERBY, där'bi, _n._ a great horse-race held annually on the Derby Day, on the Wednesday before Whitsuntide, on Epsom Downs, near London, so called from the Derby stakes, instituted by the Earl of _Derby_ in 1780; a rounded felt hat with narrow brim.--_ns._ DER'BYSHIRE-NECK, a form of the disease _goitre_, occurring in Derbyshire; DER'BYSHIRE-SPAR, a fluorspar found in Derbyshire.

DER-DOING, der-d[=oo]'ing, _adj._ (_Spens._) doing daring deeds. [See DERRING-DOE.]

DERELICT, der'e-likt, _adj._ forsaken: abandoned.--_n._ anything forsaken or abandoned.--_n._ DERELIC'TION, act of forsaking, unfaithfulness or remissness: state of being abandoned: land gained from the water by a change of water-line. [L. _derelinqu[)e]re_, _-lictum_,--_de_, inten., and _linqu[)e]re_, to leave.]

DERELIGIONISE, d[=e]-r[=e]-lij'on-[=i]z, _v.t._ to make irreligious.

DERIDE, de-r[=i]d', _v.t._ to laugh at: to mock.--_n._ DERID'ER.--_adj._ DERID'INGLY. [L. _derid[=e]re_--_de_, inten., and _rid[=e]re_, to laugh.]

DERISION, de-rizh'un, _n._ act of deriding: mockery: a laughing-stock.--_adjs._ DER[=I]'SIVE, DER[=I]S'ORY, mocking.--_adv._ DER[=I]'SIVELY.--_n._ DER[=I]'SIVENESS.

DERIVE, de-r[=i]v', _v.t._ to draw from, as water from a river; to take or receive from a source or origin: to infer: (_ety._) to trace a word to its root.--_adj._ DER[=I]V'ABLE.--_adv._ DER[=I]V'ABLY.--_adj._ DER'IVATE, derived.--_n._ a derivative.--_n._ DERIV[=A]'TION, act of deriving: a drawing off or from: the tracing of a word to its original root: that which is derived: descent or evolution of man or animals.--_adj._ DERIV[=A]'TIONAL.--_n._ DERIV[=A]'TIONIST.--_adj._ DERIV'ATIVE, derived or taken from something else: not radical or original.--_n._ that which is derived: a word formed from another word.--_adv._ DERIV'ATIVELY. [O. Fr. _deriver_--L. _deriv[=a]re_--_de_, down from, _rivus_, a river.]

DERM, d[.e]rm, _n._ the skin--also DER'MA, DER'MIS.--_adjs._ DER'MAL, DER'MIC, DERMAT'IC, pertaining to the skin: consisting of skin.--_n._ DERMATOG'RAPHY, anatomical description of the skin--also DERMOG'RAPHY.--_adjs._ DER'MATOID, of the form of skin: skin-like; DERMATOLOG'ICAL.--_ns._ DERMATOL'OGIST; DERMATOL'OGY, the branch of physiology which treats of the skin; DER'MATOPHYTE, a parasitic fungus on the skin; DER'MATOSKEL'ETON, the bony integument of many reptiles, insects, and crustaceans--also DERMOSKEL'ETON.--_adj._ DERMOGAS'TRIC, connecting the skin and the stomach. [Gr. _derma_, _dermatos_, the skin--_derein_, to flay.]

DERN, d[.e]rn, _adj._ secret: hidden: (_Shak._) dreadful--also DEARN.--_adjs._ DERN'FUL, DEARN'FUL, solitary: mournful.--_advs._ DERN'LY, DEARN'LY, secretly: sorrowfully: grievously. [M. E. _dern_, _dærne_--A.S. _dyrne_, _derne_, secret.]

DEROGATE, der'o-g[=a]t, _v.i._ to lessen by taking away: to detract.--_adj._ (_Shak._) degenerate.--_adv._ DER'OG[=A]TELY (_Shak._), in a derogatory manner.--_n._ DEROG[=A]'TION, a taking from: detraction: depreciation.--_adv._ DEROG'ATORILY.--_n._ DEROG'ATORINESS.--_adj._ DEROG'ATORY, detracting: injurious. [L. _derog[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to repeal part of a law--_de_, down from, and _rog[=a]re_, to propose a law.]

DERRICK, der'ik, _n._ an apparatus for lifting weights, closely resembling a crane.--FLOATING DERRICK, a derrick mounted on a special boat: a beam supported at an angle between the perpendicular and horizontal, with tackle for raising heavy weights. [From _Derrick_, the name of a hangman in the early part of the 17th century.]

DERRING-DOE, der'ring-d[=oo], _n._ daring action. [M. E. _dorryng-don_, _duryng-do_, &c., as in Chaucer; taken over by Spenser in the spellings _derring-doe_ and _der-doing_, with the noun _derring-doer_. _Daring-do_ should be the modern English form.]

DERRINGER, der'in-jer, _n._ a short-rifled pistol, with one barrel--from the inventor, an American.

DERTH, d[.e]rth, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as DEARTH.

DERVISH, d[.e]r'vish, _n._ among Mohammedans, a member of one of the numerous orders of monks who profess poverty and lead an austere life. [Pers. _darvísh_, a dervish--lit., a poor man.]

DESART, des'art, _n._ an old form of DESERT.

DESCANT, des'kant, _n._ the air in a four-part song: a discourse or disquisition under several heads.--_v.i._ DESCANT', to discourse at length: to comment. [O. Fr. _descant_--L. _dis_, apart, and _cantus_, a song--_cant[=a]re_, to sing.]

DESCEND, d[=e]-send', _v.i._ to climb down: to pass from a higher to a lower place or condition: to pass from general to particulars: to fall upon or invade: to be derived.--_v.t._ to go down upon: to go to the bottom of.--_n._ DESCEND'ANT, one who descends, as offspring from an ancestor.--_adjs._ DESCEND'ENT, descending or going down: proceeding from an ancestor; DESCEND'IBLE, that may descend or be descended: capable of transmission by inheritance, heritable.--_p.adj._ DESCEND'ING.--_n._ DESCEN'SION.--_adj._ DESCEN'SIONAL.--_n._ DESCENT', act of descending: transmission by succession: motion or progress downward: slope: a falling upon or invasion: derivation from an ancestor: a generation, a degree in genealogy: descendants collectively.--DESCENT FROM THE CROSS, a picture representing Christ being taken down from the cross. [Fr. _descendre_--L. _descend[)e]re_--_de_, down, _scand[)e]re_, to climb.]

DESCRIBE, d[=e]-skr[=i]b', _v.t._ to trace out or delineate: to give an account of.--_adj._ DESCRIB'ABLE.--_n._ DESCRIB'ER. [L. _describ[)e]re_--_de_, down, and _scrib[)e]re_, _scriptum_, to write.]

DESCRIPTION, de-skrip'shun, _n._ act of describing: an account of anything in words: definition: sort, class, or kind.--_adj._ DESCRIP'TIVE, containing description.--_adv._ DESCRIP'TIVELY.--_n._ DESCRIP'TIVENESS.

DESCRIVE, de-skr[=i]v', _v.t._ an obsolete form of _describe_.

DESCRY, de-skr[=i]', _v.t._ to discover by the eye: to espy:--_pr.p._ descry'ing; _pa.p._ descried'.--_n._ discovery: (_Shak._) a thing discovered. [O. Fr. _descrire_ for _descrivre_--L. _describ[)e]re_: a doublet of _describe_. Others derive the word from O. Fr. _descrier_, _decryer_, proclaim, announce--_des-_, _de-_, and _crier_, to cry, in which case it would be a doublet of _decry_.]

DESECRATE, des'e-kr[=a]t, _v.t._ to divert from a sacred purpose: to profane.--_ns._ DESECRAT'ER, -OR, DESECR[=A]'TION, act of desecrating: profanation. [L. _desecr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_de_, away from, and _sacr[=a]re_, to make sacred--_sacer_, sacred.]

DESERT, de-z[.e]rt', _n._ the reward or punishment deserved: claim to reward: merit--_adj._ DESERT'LESS, without merit. [See DESERVE.]

DESERT, de-z[.e]rt', _v.t._ to leave: to forsake.--_v.i._ to run away: to quit a service, as the army, without permission.--_ns._ DESERT'ER, one who deserts or quits a service without permission; DESER'TION, act of deserting: state of being deserted: wilful abandonment of a legal or moral duty or obligation. [L. _deser[)e]re_, _desertum_--_de_, neg., and _ser[)e]re_, to bind.]

DESERT, dez'[.e]rt, _adj._ deserted: desolate: uninhabited: uncultivated: a desolate or barren place: a wilderness: a solitude. [O. Fr. _desert_--L. _desertum_, _deser[)e]re_, to desert, unbind.]

DESERVE, de-z[.e]rv', _v.t._ to earn by service: to merit.--_v.i._ to be worthy of reward.--_adj._ DESERV'ING, worthy.--_n._ desert.--_advs._ DESERV'INGLY, DESERV'EDLY, according to desert: justly. [Fr.,--L. _deserv[=i]re_--_de_, inten., _serv[=i]re_, to serve.]

DESHABILLE, des-a-bil', _n._ an undress: a careless toilet. [Fr. _déshabillé_, undressed--_des_ = L. _dis_ = _un_, not, and _habiller_, to dress.]

DESICCATE, de-sik'[=a]t, or des'i-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to dry up.--_v.i._ to grow dry.--_adjs._ DESIC'CANT, DESIC'CATIVE, drying: having the power of drying.--_n._ an application that tends to dry up sores.--_n._ DESICC[=A]'TION, the act of desiccating: state of being desiccated. [L. _desicc[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to dry up--_de_, and _siccus_, dry.]

DESIDERATE, de-sid'[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to long for or earnestly desire a thing: to want or miss.--_n._ DESIDER[=A]'TION, the act of desiderating: the thing desiderated.--_adj._ DESID'ERATIVE, implying desire, as in desiderative verb.--_n._ DESIDER[=A]'TUM, something desired or much wanted:--_pl._ DESIDER[=A]'TA. [L. _desider[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to long for. A doublet of _desire_.]

DESIGHTMENT, d[=e]-s[=i]t'ment, _n._ disfigurement.

DESIGN, de-z[=i]n', or de-s[=i]n', _v.t._ to draw: to form a plan of: to contrive: to intend.--_n._ a drawing or sketch: a plan in outline: a plan or scheme formed in the mind: plot: intention.--_adj._ DESIGN'ABLE.--_v.t._ DES'IGN[=A]TE, to mark out so as to make known: to show: to name.--_ns._ DESIGN[=A]'TION, a showing or pointing out: name: title; DES'IGN[=A]TOR.--_adv._ DESIGN'EDLY, by design: intentionally.--_n._ DESIGN'ER, one who furnishes designs or patterns: a plotter.--_adjs._ DESIGN'FUL, full of design; DESIGN'ING, artful: scheming: deceitful.--_n._ the art of making designs or patterns.--_adj._ DESIGN'LESS.--_n._ DESIGN'MENT, the design or sketch of a work: (_Shak._) intention, purpose, enterprise.--THE ARGUMENT FROM DESIGN, the argument for the existence of God derived from the evidences of design in creation. [Fr.,--L. _design[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_de_, and _signum_, a mark.]

DESILVER, de-sil'v[.e]r, _v.t._ to deprive of silver: to extract the silver from--also DESIL'VERISE.--_n._ DESILVERIS[=A]'TION.

DESINE, de-s[=i]n', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to denote.

DESIPIENCE, de-sip'i-ens, _n._ (_rare_) silliness, nonsense.--_adj._ DESIP'IENT, foolish. [L. _desipiens_, _desip[)e]re_, to be foolish, _de-_, neg., _sap[)e]re_, to be wise.]

DESIRE, de-z[=i]r', _v.t._ to long for the possession of: to wish for: to request, ask: (_B._) to regret.--_v.i._ to be in a state of desire.--_n._ an earnest longing for: eagerness to obtain: a prayer or request: the object desired: lust.--_adj._ DESIR'ABLE, worthy of desire: pleasing: agreeable.--_ns._ DESIR'ABLENESS, DESIRABIL'ITY.--_adv._ DESIR'ABLY.--_adj._ DESIRE'LESS.--_n._ DESIR'ER.--_adj._ DESIR'OUS, full of desire: anxious to obtain: eager.--_adv._ DESIR'OUSLY.--_n._ DESIR'OUSNESS. [Fr. _désirer_--L. _desider[=a]re_. See DESIDERATE.]

DESIST, de-sist', _v.i._ to stop: to forbear.--_ns._ DESIST'ANCE, -ENCE, a desisting. [Fr.,--L. _desist[)e]re_--_de_, away, and _sist[)e]re_, to cause to stand.]

DESK, desk, _n._ a sloping table for the use of writers or readers, often fitted with drawers, &c.: a shut-up writing-box: a pulpit or lectern.--_n._ DESK'-WORK, work done at a desk, professional labours of a clerk or author. [M. E. _deske_--L. _discus_. It is a variant of _dish_ and _disc_.]

DESMAN, des'man, _n._ a kind of musk-rat, found in Russia and the Pyrenees. [Sw. _desman_, musk; Ice. _des_, musk.]

DESMID, des'mid, _n._ one of a group of microscopic algæ. [Formed as a dim. of Gr. _desmos_, a chain.]

DESMINE, des'min, _n._ a zeolitic mineral occurring in clusters. [Gr. _desmos_, a band.]

DESMODIUM, des-m[=o]'di-um, _n._ a genus of leguminous plants to which the _D. gyrans_, or telegraph plant, belongs. [Gr. _desmos_, chain, _eidos_, form.]

DESMOID, des'moid, _adj._ arranged in bundles. [Gr. _desmos_, a chain, a bundle, and _eidos_, form.]

DESMOLOGY, des-mol'o-ji, _n._ the anatomy of the ligaments.--_ns._ DESMOG'RAPHY, the description of these; DESMOT'OMY, their dissection. [Gr. _desmos_, a ligament, and _logia_, a discourse.]

DESOLATE, des'o-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to make solitary: to deprive of inhabitants: to lay waste.--_adj._ solitary: destitute of inhabitants: laid waste.--_adv._ DES'OLATELY.--_ns._ DES'OLATENESS; DESOLAT'ER, -OR; DESOL[=A]'TION, waste: destruction: a place desolated.--_adj._ DES'OLATORY. [L. _desol[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_de_, inten., and _sol[=a]re_, to make alone--_solus_, alone.]

DESPAIR, de-sp[=a]r', _v.i._ to be without hope: to despond.--_n._ want of hope: utter hopelessness: that which causes despair.--_adj._ DESPAIR'FUL (_Spens._).--_p.adj._ DESPAIR'ING, apt to despair: full of despair.--_adv._ DESPAIR'INGLY. [O. Fr. _desperer_--L. _desper[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_de_, neg., and _sper[=a]re_, to hope.]

DESPATCH, de-spach', DISPATCH, dis-pach', _v.t._ to send away hastily: to send out of the world: to put to death: to dispose of: to perform speedily.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to make haste.--_n._ a sending away in haste: dismissal: rapid performance: haste: the sending off of the mails: that which is despatched, as a message, esp. telegraphic.--_ns._ DESPATCH'-BOAT, a government vessel for carrying despatches; DESPATCH'-BOX, a box for containing official despatches; DESPATCH'ER.--_adv._ DESPATCH'FUL (_Milt._), swift.--HAPPY DESPATCH, a playful name given to the Japanese _hara-kiri_ or judicial suicide; PNEUMATIC DESPATCH (see PNEUMATIC). [O. Fr. _despeecher_ (mod. Fr. _dépêcher_); acc. to Littré, from an assumed Low L. _despedic[=a]re_, to remove obstacles (_pedica_, a fetter), the opp. of _impedic[=a]re_. See IMPEACH.]

DESPERADO, des-p[.e]r-[=a]'d[=o], _n._ a desperate fellow: one reckless of danger: a madman:--_pl._ DESPER[=A]'DOS. [Sp. _desesperado_--L. _desper[=a]tus_.]

DESPERATE, des'p[.e]r-[=a]t, _adj._ in a state of despair: hopeless: beyond hope: fearless of danger: rash: furious.--_adv._ DES'PERATELY.--_ns._ DES'PERATENESS, DESPER[=A]'TION, state of despair: disregard of danger: fury. [See DESPAIR.]

DESPICABLE, des'pi-ka-bl, _adj._ deserving to be despised: contemptible: worthless.--_ns._ DES'PICABLENESS, DESPICABIL'ITY.--_adv._ DES'PICABLY. [L. _despic[)e]re_, to despise.]

DESPIGHT, de-sp[=i]t', an old form of _despite_.

DESPISE, de-sp[=i]z', _v.t._ to look down upon with contempt: to scorn.--_adj._ DESPIS'ABLE.--_ns._ DESP[=I]'SAL, contempt; DESPIS'EDNESS (_Milt._); DESPIS'ER. [O. Fr. _despiz_, _despire_--L. _despic[)e]re_--_de_, down, _spec[)e]re_, to look.]

DESPITE, de-sp[=i]t', _n._ a looking down upon with contempt: violent malice or hatred.--_prep._ in spite of: notwithstanding.--_adj._ DESPITE'FUL.--_adv._ DESPITE'FULLY.--_n._ DESPITE'FULNESS.--_adj._ DESPIT'EOUS (_Spens._). [O. Fr. _despit_ (mod. _dépit_)--L. _despectus_--_despic[)e]re_.]

DESPOIL, de-spoil', _v.t._ to spoil completely: to strip: to bereave: to rob.--_ns._ DESPOIL'ER; DESPOLI[=A]'TION, DESPOIL'MENT. [O. Fr. _despoiller_ (mod. _dépouiller_)--L. _despoli[=a]re_--_de_, inten., and _spolium_, spoil.]

DESPOND, de-spond', _v.i._ to lose hope or courage: to despair.--_ns._ DESPOND'ENCE, DESPOND'ENCY, state of being without hope: dejection.--_adj._ DESPOND'ENT, desponding: without courage or hope: sad.--_advs._ DESPOND'ENTLY; DESPOND'INGLY. [L. _despond[=e]re_, to promise, to give up or devote to, to give up or resign, to lose courage, to despond--_de_, away, and _spond[=e]re_, to promise.]

DESPOT, des'pot, _n._ one invested with absolute power: a tyrant.--_n._ DES'POTAT, a territory governed by a despot.--_adjs._ DESPOT'IC, -AL, pertaining to or like a despot: having absolute power: tyrannical.--_adv._ DESPOT'ICALLY.--_ns._ DESPOT'ICALNESS, DES'POTISM, absolute power: tyranny; DESPOTOC'RACY, government by a despot. [O. Fr. _despot_--Low L. _despotus_--Gr. _despot[=e]s_, a master.]

DESPUMATE, de-sp[=u]'m[=a]t, or des'p[=u]-m[=a]t, _v.i._ to throw off in foam or scum.--_n._ DESPUM[=A]'TION. [L. _despum[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_de_, off, and _spuma_, foam.]

DESQUAMATE, des'kwa-m[=a]t, _v.i._ to scale off.--_n._ DESQUAM[=A]'TION, a scaling off: the separation of the cuticle or skin in scales.--_adjs._ DESQUAM'ATIVE, DESQUAM'ATORY. [L. _desquam[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_de_, off, and _squama_, a scale.]

DESSE, des, _n._ (_Spens._) a dais.

DESSERT, dez-[.e]rt', _n._ fruits, confections, &c., served at the close of an entertainment after the rest has been taken away.--_ns._ DESSERT'-SERV'ICE, the dishes used for dessert; DESSERT'-SPOON, a spoon smaller than a table-spoon and larger than a tea-spoon, used not so much for dessert as for pudding. [O. Fr. _dessert_, _desservir_, to clear the table--_des_, away, and _servir_, to serve--L. _serv[=i]re_.]

DESSIATINE, DESSYATINE, des'ya-tin, _n._ a Russian measure of land, 2.7 English acres. [Russ. _desyatina_, a measure of land, a tenth; _desyati_, ten.]

DESTEMPER. See DISTEMPER (1).

DESTINE, des'tin, _v.t._ to ordain or appoint to a certain use or state: to fix: to doom--also DES'TINATE (_obs._).--_ns._ DESTIN[=A]'TION, the purpose or end to which anything is destined or appointed: end: purpose: design: fate: place to which one is going; DES'TINY, the purpose or end to which any person or thing is destined or appointed: unavoidable fate: necessity. [Fr.,--L. _destin[=a]re_--_de_, inten., and root _sta-_, in _st[=a]re_, to stand.]

DESTITUTE, des'ti-t[=u]t, _adj._ left alone: forsaken: in want, needy--_v.t._ to forsake: to deprive.--_n._ DESTITU'TION, the state of being destitute: deprivation of office: poverty. [L. _destitu[)e]re_, _-[=u]tum_--_de_, away, and _statu[)e]re_, to place.]

DESTROY, de-stroy', _v.i._ to unbuild or pull down: to overturn: to ruin: to put an end to:--_pr.p._ destroy'ing:--_pa.p._ destroyed'.--_n._ DESTROY'ER. [O. Fr. _destruire_ (Fr. _détruire_)--L. _destru[)e]re_, _destructum_--_de_, down, and _stru[)e]re_, to build.]

DESTRUCTION, de-struk'shun, _n._ act of destroying: overthrow: physical or moral ruin: death: a destructive plague.--_adj._ DESTRUC'TIBLE, liable to be destroyed.--_ns._ DESTRUCTIBIL'ITY, DESTRUC'TIBLENESS.--_n._ DESTRUC'TIONIST, one engaged in destruction: one who believes in the final annihilation of the damned.--_adj._ DESTRUC'TIVE, causing destruction: mischievous: ruinous: deadly.--_adv._ DESTRUC'TIVELY.--_ns._ DESTRUC'TIVENESS; DESTRUC'TIVIST, a representative of destructive principles, as in Biblical criticism; DESTRUC'TOR, a destroyer: a furnace for burning up refuse.

DESUDATION, des-[=u]-d[=a]'shun, _n._ a violent sweating: an eruption of small pimples on children. [L. _desud[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, _de_, inten., and _sud[=a]re_, to sweat.]

DESUETUDE, des'we-t[=u]d, _n._ disuse: discontinuance of custom, habit, or practice. [L. _desuetudo_--_desu[=e]tum_, _desuesc[)e]re_--_de_, neg., and _suesc[)e]re_, to become used.]

DESULPHUR, de-sul'fur, _v.t._ to free of sulphur: to take sulphur out of the ore--also DESUL'PHUR[=A]TE, DESUL'PHURISE.--_n._ DESULPHUR[=A]'TION.

DESULTORY, des'ul-tor-i, _adj._ jumping from one thing to another: without rational or logical connection: rambling: hasty: loose.--_adv._ DES'ULTORILY.--_n._ DES'ULTORINESS. [L. _desultorius_, of or pertaining to a vaulter, inconstant, _desultor_, a vaulter, _desil[=i]re_, _-sultum_, to leap--_de_, from, and _sal[=i]re_, to jump.]

DETACH, de-tach', _v.t._ to unfasten: to take from or separate: to withdraw: to send off on special service.--_v.i._ to separate one's self.--_adj._ DETACH'ABLE.--_p.adj._ DETACHED', unconnected: separate: free from care, passion, ambition, and worldly bonds.--_adv._ DETACH'EDLY.--_ns._ DETACH'EDNESS; DETACH'MENT, state of being separated: that which is detached, as a body of troops. [Fr. _détacher_--_de_, neg., and root of _attach_.]

DETAIL, de-t[=a]l', _v.t._ to relate minutely: to enumerate: to set apart for a particular service.--_v.i._ to give details about anything.--_n._ (de-t[=a]l', or d[=e]'t[=a]l) a small part: an item: a particular account.--_adj._ DETAILED', giving full particulars: exhaustive.--IN DETAIL, circumstantially, point by point. [O. Fr. _detailler_--_de_, inten., and _tailler_, to cut. See TAILOR.]

DETAIN, de-t[=a]n', _v.t._ to hold from or back: to stop: to keep: to keep in custody.--_ns._ DETAIN'ER, one who detains: (_law_) the holding of what belongs to another: a warrant to a sheriff to keep in custody a person already in confinement: DETAIN'MENT (same as DETENTION). [O. Fr. _detenir_--L. _detin[=e]re_--_de_, from, and _ten[=e]re_, to hold.]

DETECT, de-tekt', _v.t._ (_lit._) to uncover--hence to discover: to find out.--_adjs._ DETECT'ABLE, DETECT'IBLE.--_ns._ DETECT'ER, -OR, one who detects: an apparatus for detecting something, as a detector-lock, which shows if it has been tampered with; DETEC'TION, discovery of something hidden: state of being found out.--_adj._ DETECT'IVE, employed in detecting.--_n._ a policeman employed in the investigation of special cases of crime, or in watching special classes of wrong-doers, usually not in uniform.--PRIVATE DETECTIVE, one employed by a private person to gain information, or to watch his interests. [L. _detectum_, _deteg[)e]re_--_de_, neg., and _teg[)e]re_, _tectum_, to cover.]

DETENTION, de-ten'shun, _n._ act of detaining: state of being detained: confinement: delay.--_n._ DETENT', something to check motion: a catch, esp. in a clock or watch. [See DETAIN.]

DETER, de-t[.e]r', _v.t._ to frighten from: to hinder or prevent:--_pr.p._ deter'ring; _pa.p._ deterred'.--_n._ DETER'MENT. [L. _deterr[=e]re_--_de_, from, _terr[=e]re_, to frighten.]

DETERGE, de-t[.e]rj', _v.t._ to wipe off; to cleanse (as a wound).--_ns._ DETERG'ENCE, DETERG'ENCY.--_adj._ DETERG'ENT, cleansing: purging.--_n._ that which cleanses. [L. _deterg[=e]re_, _detersum_--_de_, off, and _tergere_, to wipe.]

DETERIORATE, de-t[=e]'ri-o-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to make worse.--_v.i._ to grow worse.--_p.adj._ DET[=E]'RIORATED, spoilt: of inferior quality.--_n._ DETERIOR[=A]'TION, the act of making worse: the state of growing worse.--_adj._ DET[=E]'RIORATIVE.--_n._ DETERIOR'ITY (_obs._), worse state. [L. _deterior[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to make worse--_deterior_, worse--obs. _deter_, lower--_de_, down; cf. _inter-ior_.]

DETERMINE, d[=e]-t[.e]r'min, _v.t._ to put terms or bounds to: to limit: to fix or settle the form or character of: to influence; to put an end to: to define.--_v.i._ to come to a decision: to resolve.--_adj._ DETER'MINABLE, capable of being determined, decided, or finished.--_ns._ DETER'MINABLENESS, DETERMINABIL'ITY.--_adj._ DETER'MINANT, serving to determine.--_n._ that which serves to determine: in mathematical analysis, a symbolical method used for different processes, as for the solution of equations by inspection.--_adj._ DETER'MIN[=A]TE, determined or limited: fixed: decisive.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to determine.--_adv._ DETER'MIN[=A]TELY.--_n._ DETERMIN[=A]'TION, that which is determined or resolved on: end: direction to a certain end: resolution: fixedness of purpose: decision of character.--_adjs._ DETER'MIN[=A]TIVE, that determines, limits, or defines; DETER'MINED, firm in purpose: fixed: resolute.--_adv._ DETER'MINEDLY.--_n._ DETER'MINISM, the doctrine that all things, including the will, are determined by causes--the converse of free-will: necessitarianism.--_n._ DETER'MINIST.--_adj._ DETERMINIS'TIC. [Fr.,--L. _determin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_de_, neg., and _terminus_, a boundary.]

DETERRENT, de-t[.e]r'ent, _adj._ serving to deter.--_n._ anything that deters or prevents. [See DETER.]

DETERSION, de-t[.e]r'shun, _n._ act of cleansing. [See DETERGE.]

DETERSIVE, de-t[.e]r'siv, _n._ Same as DETERGENT.

DETEST, de-test', _v.t._ to hate intensely.--_adj._ DETEST'ABLE, worthy of being detested: extremely hateful: abominable.--_n._ DETEST'ABLENESS.--_adv._ DETEST'ABLY.--_n._ DETEST[=A]'TION, extreme hatred. [Fr.,--L. _detest[=a]ri_--_de_, inten., and _test[=a]ri_, to call to witness, execrate--_testis_, a witness.]

DETHRONE, de-thr[=o]n', _v.t._ to remove from a throne.--_ns._ DETHRONE'MENT; DETHRONIS[=A]'TION.

DETONATE, det'o-n[=a]t, _v.i._ to explode.--_v.t._ to cause to explode.--_ns._ DETON[=A]'TION, an explosion with report; DET'ONATOR, a detonating substance: an apparatus for the explosion of a detonating substance, as a percussion-cap.--DETONATING POWDER, powder, such as the fulminates, which explodes easily by impact or heating, and which may be used to cause other substances to explode. [L. _deton[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_de_, down, and _ton[=a]re_, to thunder.]

DETORT, de-tort', _v.t._ to distort.--_ns._ DETOR'SION, DETOR'TION. [L. _detorqu[=e]re_, _detortum_; _de_, away, and _torquere_, twist.]

DETOUR, de-t[=oo]r', _n._ a winding: a circuitous way. [Fr. _dé_, for L. _dis_, asunder, and _tour_, a turning.]

DETRACT, de-trakt', _v.t._ to take away, abate: to defame.--_v.i._ to take away reputation (with _from_): to reduce in degree: diminish.--_ns._ DETRACT'ER, -OR:--_fem._ DETRACT'RESS.--_adv._ DETRACT'INGLY.--_n._ DETRAC'TION, depreciation: slander.--_adjs._ DETRACT'IVE, DETRAC'TIOUS, DETRACT'ORY, tending to detract: derogatory. [L. _de_, from, and _trah[)e]re_, to draw.]

DETRAIN, de-tr[=a]n', _v.t._ to set down out of a railway train, as troops.--_v.i._ to come out of a train.

DETRIMENT, det'ri-ment, _n._ diminution: damage: loss.--_adj._ DETRIMENT'AL. [L. _detrimentum_--_de_, off, and _ter[)e]re_, _tritum_, to rub.]

DETRITUS, de-tr[=i]'tus, _n._ a mass of substance gradually rubbed or worn off solid bodies: an aggregate of broken or loosened fragments, esp. of rock.--_n._ DETRI'TION, a wearing away. [L.,--_de_, off, and _ter[)e]re_, _tritum_, to rub.]

DETRUDE, de-tr[=oo]d', _v.t._ to thrust down.--_n._ DETRU'SION. [L. _de_, down, and _trud[)e]re_, to thrust]

DETRUNCATE, de-trung'k[=a]t, _v.t._ to cut off from the trunk: to lop off: to shorten.--_n._ DETRUNC[=A]'TION. [L. _detrunc[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_de_, off, _trunc[=a]re_, lop.]

DETUMESCENCE, d[=e]-t[=u]-mes'ens, _n._ diminution of swelling--opp. to _Intumescence_.

DEUCE, d[=u]s, _n._ a card or die with two spots: (_lawn tennis_) a term denoting that each side has gained three points ('forty all').--_n._ DEUCE'-ACE, a throw of two dice, one of which turns up deuce and the other ace. [Fr. _deux_, two--L. _duos_, accus. of _duo_, two.]

DEUCE, d[=u]s, _n._ the devil--in exclamatory phrases.--_adj._ DEUCED (d[=u]'sed, or d[=u]st), devilish: excessive.--_adv._ confoundedly.

DEUTEROCANONICAL, d[=u]'t[.e]r-o-ka-non'ik-al, _adj._ pertaining to a second canon of inferior authority--the O. T. Apocrypha and the N. T. Antilegomena. [Gr. _deuteros_, second, _kan[=o]n_, rule.]

DEUTEROGAMY, d[=u]-t[.e]r-og'a-mi, _n._ second marriage, esp. of the clergy, after the death of the first wife.--_n._ DEUTEROG'AMIST, one who allows such. [Gr. _deuteros_, second, _gamos_, marriage.]

DEUTERONOMY, d[=u]-t[.e]r-on'o-mi, or d[=u]'t[.e]r-on-o-mi, _n._ the fifth book of the Pentateuch, containing a repetition of the decalogue and laws given in Exodus.--_adjs._ DEUTERONOM'IC, -AL.--_ns._ DEUTERON'OMIST, DEU'TERO-IS[=A]'IAH, the assumed author of the later prophecies of Isaiah. [Gr. _deuteros_, second, _nomos_, law.]

DEUTEROSCOPY, d[=u]-t[.e]r-os'ko-pi, _n._ second-sight. [Gr. _deuteros_, second, _skopia_--_skopein_, to look.]

DEUTOPLASM, d[=u]'t[=o]-plasm, _n._ secondary, nutritive plasm, or food-yolk.--_adjs._ DEUTOPLAS'MIC, DEUTOPLAS'TIC.

DEUTOXIDE, d[=u]t-oks'[=i]d, _n._ an old name for a compound of two parts of oxygen with one of a base. [Gr. _deuteros_, second, and _oxide_.]

DEUTZIA, dewt'si-a, or doit'si-a, _n._ a genus of saxifragaceous plants with panicles of white flowers, introduced from China and Japan. [Named after _Deutz_, a Dutch naturalist.]

DEVALL, de-val', _v.i._ (_Scot._) to cease.--_n._ a stop.

DEVANAGARI, d[=a]-va-nä'ga-ri, _n._ the character in which Sanskrit is usually written and printed. [Sans. 'town-script of the gods,' a term app. coined by an Indian scholar.]

DEVAPORATION, d[=e]-vap-[=o]-r[=a]'shun, _n._ the change of vapour into water.

DEVASTATE, dev'as-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to lay waste: to plunder.--_ns._ DEVAST[=A]'TION, act of devastating: state of being devastated: havoc; DEVAST[=A]'VIT, a waste of the estate of a deceased person by the executor. [L. _devast[=a]re_, _[=a]tum_--_de_, inten., _vast[=a]re_, to lay waste.]

DEVELOP, d[=e]-vel'op, _v.t._ to unroll: to unfold: to lay open by degrees: to promote the growth of: (_phot._) to make the latent picture visible by chemical applications.--_v.i._ to grow into: to open out: to evolve:--_pr.p._ devel'oping; _pa.p._ devel'oped.--_n._ DEVEL'OPMENT, a gradual unfolding: a gradual growth: evolution: (_math._) the expression of a function in the form of a series.--_adj._ DEVELOPMENT'AL, pertaining to development.--_adv._ DEVELOPMENT'ALLY.--DOCTRINE OF DEVELOPMENT, the theory of the evolution of new species from lower forms. [Fr. _développer_, opposite of _envelopper_; both perh. from a Teut. root found in Eng. _lap_, to wrap.]

DEVEST, de-vest', _v.t._ (_law_) to alienate: to deprive of: to strip. [A form of _divest_.]

DEVIATE, d[=e]'vi-[=a]t, _v.i._ to go from the way: to turn aside from a certain course: to err.--_v.t._ to cause to diverge.--_ns._ DEVI[=A]'TION, a going out of the way: a turning aside; error; D[=E]'VIATOR, one who deviates.--DEVIATION OF THE COMPASS, departure of the mariner's compass from the magnetic needle, due to the ship's magnetism--either from the iron of which it is built or the iron which it carries. [L. _devi[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_de_, from, _via_, a way.]

DEVICE, de-v[=i]s', _n._ that which is devised or designed: contrivance: power of devising: genius: (_her._) the emblem borne upon a shield: a picture of some kind, with a motto illustrative of a man's life or character, borne by an individual rather than by a family.--_adj._ DEVICE'FUL (_Spens._), full of devices. [O. Fr. _devise_. See DEVISE.]

DEVIL, dev'l, _v.t._ (_cook._) to season highly and broil.--_v.i._ to perform another man's drudgery (esp. to devil for a barrister).

DEVIL, dev'l, _n._ the supreme spirit of evil, Satan: any evil spirit: a false god: a very wicked person: a fellow, as in 'Poor devil:' an expletive, in 'What the devil,' &c.--_ns._ DEV'ILDOM; DEV'ILESS; DEV'ILET; DEV'IL-FISH, a name for the fishing-frog or angler, for the giant-ray of the United States, and for other large and ugly fishes; DEV'IL-IN-THE-BUSH, a garden flower, also called _Love-in-a-mist_.--_adj._ DEV'ILISH, fiendish, malignant.--_adv._ (_coll._) very: exceedingly.--_adv._ DEV'ILISHLY.--_ns._ DEV'ILISM; DEV'ILKIN.--_adj._ DEV'IL-MAY-CARE, reckless, audacious.--_ns._ DEV'ILMENT; DEV'IL-ON-THE-NECK, an old instrument of torture; DEV'ILRY; DEV'ILSHIP; DEV'ILTRY; DEV'IL-WOR'SHIP, the worship of the devil, or of devils; DEV'IL-WOR'SHIPPER.--DEVIL A BIT, not at all; DEVIL OF A MESS, a very bad mess.--DEVIL'S ADVOCATE, a name given to the Promoter of the Faith, an advocate at the papal court, whose duty it is to propose all reasonable objections against a person's claims to canonisation; DEVIL'S BIT, a popular name for scabious; DEVIL'S BOOKS, playing-cards; DEVIL'S COACH-HORSE, a large dark-coloured beetle; DEVIL'S DOZEN, thirteen (like baker's dozen); DEVIL'S DUNG, a popular name for asafoetida; DEVIL'S DUST, shoddy made by a machine called the _devil_; DEVIL'S OWN, a name given to the 88th Regiment in the Peninsular war, as also to the Inns of Court volunteers; DEVIL'S SNUFF-BOX, the puff-ball, a kind of fungus; DEVIL'S TATTOO (see TATTOO); DEVIL TO PAY, serious trouble ahead--said to be from the difficulty of _paying_, or caulking, an awkward and inaccessible seam in a ship.--CARTESIAN DEVIL (see CARTESIAN); PRINTER'S DEVIL, the youngest apprentice in a printing-office: a printer's errand-boy; TASMANIAN DEVIL, the ursine dasyure, a Tasmanian carnivore.--PLAY THE DEVIL WITH, to bring to utter ruin. [A.S. _deóful_, _deófol_--L. _diabolus_--Gr. _diabolos_, from _diaballein_, to throw across, to slander, from _dia_, across, and _ballein_, to throw; cf. Ger. _teufel_, Fr. _diable_, It. _diavolo_, Sp. _diablo_.]

DEVIOUS, d[=e]'vi-us, _adj._ from or out of the way: roundabout: erring.--_adv._ D[=E]'VIOUSLY.--_n._ D[=E]'VIOUSNESS. [L. _devius_. See DEVIATE.]

DEVISE, de-v[=i]z', _v.t._ to imagine: to scheme: to contrive: to give by will: to bequeath.--_v.i._ to consider, scheme.--_n._ act of bequeathing: a will: property bequeathed by will.--_adj._ DEVIS'ABLE.--_ns._ DEVIS'AL; DEVIS[=E][E]', one to whom real estate is bequeathed; DEVIS'ER, one who contrives; DEVIS'OR, one who bequeaths. [O. Fr. _deviser_, _devise_--Low L. _divisa_, a division of goods, a mark, a device--L. _divid[)e]re_, _divisum_, to divide.]

DEVITALISE, de-v[=i]'ta-l[=i]z, _v.t._ to deprive of vitality or life-giving qualities.--_n._ DEVITALIS[=A]'TION.

DEVITRIFY, de-vit'ri-f[=i], _v.t._ to take away or greatly diminish the vitreous quality of.--_n._ DEVITRIFIC[=A]'TION, loss or diminution of the vitreous nature.

DEVOCALISE, de-v[=o]'ka-l[=i]z, _v.t._ to make voiceless: to reduce the vowel element in a sound or syllable.

DEVOID, de-void', _adj._ destitute: free from. [O. Fr. _desvoidier_, _des_--L. _dis-_, away, _voidier_--L. _vidu[=a]re_, _viduus_, deprived.]

DEVOIR, dev-wawr', _n._ what is due, duty: service: an act of civility. [Fr.,--L. _deb[=e]re_, to owe.]

DEVOLUTION, dev-ol-[=u]'shun, _n._ a passing from one person to another. [See DEVOLVE.]

DEVOLVE, de-volv', _v.t._ to roll down: to hand down: to deliver over.--_v.i._ to roll down: to fall or pass over.--_n._ DEVOLVE'MENT. [L. _devolv[)e]re_, _-vol[=u]tum_--_de_, down, _volv[)e]re_, _-[=u]tum_, to roll.]

DEVONIAN, de-v[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ belonging to _Devonshire_: belonging to a system of geological strata which abound in Devonshire, closely corresponding to Old Red Sandstone.

DEVONPORT, dev'on-p[=o]rt, _n._ a small ornamental writing-table, fitted with drawers, &c.

DEVONSHIRE CREAM = CLOTTED CREAM. See CLOT.

DEVOTE, de-v[=o]t', _v.t._ to vow: to set apart or dedicate by solemn act: to doom: to give up wholly.--_adj._ DEV[=O]T'ED, given up, as by a vow: doomed: strongly attached: zealous.--_adv._ DEV[=O]T'EDLY.--_ns._ DEV[=O]T'EDNESS; DEVOT[=E][=E]', one wholly or superstitiously devoted, esp. to religion: a fanatic; DEV[=O]TE'MENT (_Shak._); DEV[=O]'TION, consecration: giving up of the mind to the worship of God: piety: prayer: strong affection or attachment: ardour: (_pl._) prayers: (_obs._) religious offerings: alms.--_adj._ DEV[=O]'TIONAL.--_ns._ DEV[=O]'TIONALIST, DEV[=O]'TIONIST.--_adv._ DEV[=O]'TIONALLY. [L. _devov[=e]re_, _dev[=o]tum_--_de_, a way, and _vov[=e]re_, to vow.]

DEVOUR, de-vowr', _v.t._ to swallow greedily: to eat up: to consume or waste with violence or wantonness: to destroy: to gaze intently on.--_n._ DEVOUR'ER.--_adj._ DEVOUR'ING.--_adv._ DEVOUR'INGLY.--_n._ DEVOUR'MENT. [O. Fr. _devorer_--L. _devor[=a]re_--_de_, inten., and _vor[=a]re_, to swallow. See VORACIOUS.]

DEVOUT, de-vowt', _adj._ given up to religious thoughts and exercises: pious: solemn: earnest.--_adv._ DEVOUT'LY.--_n._ DEVOUT'NESS. [O. Fr. _devot_--L. _devotus_. See DEVOTE.]

DEW, d[=u], _n._ moisture deposited from the air on cooling, esp. at night, in minute specks upon the surface of objects: early freshness (esp. in DEW OF HIS YOUTH).--_v.t._ to wet with dew: to moisten.--_ns._ DEW'BERR'Y, a kind of bramble or blackberry having a bluish dew-like bloom on the fruit; DEW'-CLAW, a rudimentary inner toe of a dog's hind-foot; DEW'DROP; DEW'FALL, the falling of dew, the time it falls; DEW'POINT, the temperature at which dew begins to form; DEW'-RETT'ING, the process of rotting away the gummy part of hemp or flax by exposure on the grass to dew and rain; DEW'STONE, a Nottinghamshire limestone; DEW'-WORM, the common earthworm.--_adj._ DEW'Y.--MOUNTAIN DEW (_slang_), whisky, originally illicitly distilled or smuggled spirits. [A.S. _deáw_; cf. Ice. _dögg_, Ger. _thau_, dew.]

DEW, d[=u], _n._ an obsolete spelling of _due_.

DEWAN, d[=e]-wan', _n._ in India, a financial minister, the native steward of a business-house.--_ns._ DEWAN'I, DEWAN'NY, the office of dewan. [Hind.]

DEWITT, d[=e]-wit', _v.t._ to lynch--from the fate of Jan and Cornelius _De Witt_ in Holland in 1672.

DEWLAP, d[=u]'lap, _n._ the pendulous skin under the throat of oxen, dogs, &c.: the fleshy wattle of the turkey.--_adjs._ DEW'LAPPED, DEW'LAPT. [Prob. _dew_ and A.S. _læppa_, a loose hanging piece.]

DEXTER, deks't[.e]r, _adj._ on the right-hand side: right: (_her._) of that side of the shield on the right-hand side of the wearer, to the spectator's _left_.--_n._ DEXTER'ITY, right-handedness: cleverness: readiness and skill: adroitness.--_adjs._ DEX'TEROUS, DEX'TROUS, right-handed: adroit: subtle.--_adv._ DEX'TEROUSLY.--_n._ DEX'TEROUSNESS.--_adj._ DEX'TRAL, right, as opposed to left.--_n._ DEXTRAL'ITY, right-handedness.--_adv._ DEX'TRALLY.--_adjs._ DEX'TRO-G[=Y]'RATE, causing to turn to the right hand; DEX'TRORSE, DEXTROR'SAL, rising from right to left. [L. _dexter_; Gr. _dexios_, Sans. _dakshina_, on the right, on the south.]

DEXTRINE, deks'trin, _n._ starch altered by the action of acids, diastase, or heat till it loses its gelatinous character, so called because when viewed through polarised light it turns the plane of polarisation to the right.--_n._ DEX'TROSE, a glucose sugar, found in grapes, &c., and manufactured from starch by means of sulphuric acid. [Fr.,--L. _dexter_.]

DEY, d[=a], _n._ a dairy-maid. [See DAIRY.]

DEY, d[=a], _n._ a name given to the pasha or governor of Algiers before the French conquest. [Turk, _dái_, orig. a maternal uncle, a familiar title of the chief of the Janizaries.]

DHARMA, där'ma, _n._ the righteousness that underlies the law: the law. [Sans.]

DHOBIE, d[=o]'bi, _n._ an Indian washerman. [Hind.]

DHOLE, d[=o]l, _n._ the Indian wild dog. [Ind. word.]

DHOOLY, d[=oo]'li, _n._ a covered litter.--Also DOO'LIE. [Hind. _doli_.]

DHOW, dow, _n._ a native vessel on the eastern African and western Indian coasts, with lateen sails: an Arab slaver.

DHURRA. Same as DURRA.

DIABASE, d[=i]'a-b[=a]s, _n._ a compact igneous rock, an altered form of basalt--included under the popular names _greenstone_ and _trap_.--_adj._ DIAB[=A]'SIC.

DIABATERIAL, d[=i]-a-ba-t[=e]'ri-al, _adj._ crossing the boundaries. [Gr. _diabatos_--_dia_, across, _bainein_, to go.]

DIABETES, d[=i]-a-b[=e]'t[=e]z, _n._ a disease marked by a morbid and excessive discharge of urine.--_adjs._ DIABET'IC, -AL. [Gr., from _diabainein_, _dia_, through, and _bainein_, to go.]

DIABLERIE, DIABLERY, di-ab-le-r[=e]', _n._ magic: the black art: sorcery. [Fr.,--_diable_. See DEVIL.]

DIABOLIC, -AL, d[=i]-a-bol'ik, -al, _adj._ devilish.--_adv._ DIABOL'ICALLY.--_v.t._ DIAB'OLISE, to render devilish.--_ns._ DIAB'OLISM, devilish conduct: sorcery or black magic; DIABOL'OGY, the doctrine of devils. [L.,--Gr. _diabolikos_, _diabolos_, the devil. See DEVIL.]

DIACATHOLICON, d[=i]-a-ka-thol'i-kon, _n._ a purgative electuary.

DIACAUSTIC, d[=i]-a-kaws'tik, _adj._ pertaining to curves formed by the intersections of rays of refracted light.--_n._ a curve so formed. [Formed from Gr. _dia_, through, and _caustic_.]

DIACHASTIC, d[=i]-a-kas'tik, _adj._ cleaving apart. [Gr.]

DIACHYLON, d[=i]-ak'i-lon, DIACHYLUM, d[=i]-ak'i-lum, _n._ common sticking-plaster. [Gr. _diachylos_--_dia_, and _chylos_, juice.]

DIACHYMA, d[=i]-ak'i-ma, _n._ the parenchyma of leaves. [Gr. _dia_, through, _chyma_, juice.]

DIACODIUM, d[=i]-a-k[=o]'di-um, _n._ a syrup of poppies. [L.,--Gr. _dia_, through, _k[=o]deia_, a poppy-head.]

DIACONATE, d[=i]-ak'o-n[=a]t, _n._ the office of a deacon.--_adj._ DIAC'ONAL, pertaining to a deacon.

DIACONICON, d[=i]-a-kon'i-kon, _n._ a sacristy for sacred vessels, in a Greek church, on the south side of the bema or sanctuary.

DIACOUSTIC, d[=i]-a-kows'tik, _adj._ pertaining to the refraction of sound through various mediums.--_n._ DIACOUS'TICS, the branch of physics which deals with refracted sounds. [Formed from Gr. _dia_, through, and _acoustics_.]

DIACRITIC, -AL, d[=i]-a-krit'ik, -al, _adj._ distinguishing between--used of marks or points attached to the letters of various languages. [Gr. _diakritikos_, _diakrinein_--_dia_, between, and _krinein_, to distinguish. See CRITIC.]

DIACTINE, d[=i]-ak'tin, _adj._ having two rays.--Also DIAC'TINAL.

DIACTINIC, d[=i]-ak-tin'ik, _adj._ capable of transmitting the actinic rays of the sun.

DIADELPHOUS, d[=i]-a-del'fus, _adj._ grouped together in two sets--of the stamens of plants.--_n._ D[=I]'ADELPH. [Formed from Gr. _di-_, double, and _adelphos_, brother.]

DIADEM, d[=i]'a-dem, _n._ a band or fillet worn round the head as a badge of royalty: a crown: royalty.--_adj._ D[=I]'ADEMED, wearing a diadem.--DIADEM SPIDER, the common garden spider--from its markings. [O. Fr. _diademe_--L. _diadema_--Gr. _diad[=e]ma_--_dia_, round, and _deein_, to bind.]

DIADEXIS, d[=i]-a-dek'sis, _n._ (_path._) the transformation of one disease into another, differing both in location and character. [Gr.]

DIADOCHI, d[=i]-ad'o-k[=i], _n._ the generals who became monarchs of the various kingdoms (Syria, Egypt, &c.) into which the empire of Alexander the Great split after his death (323 B.C.). [Gr. _diadochos_, succeeding, a successor; _diadechesthai_, to succeed.]

DIADROM, d[=i]'a-drom, _n._ a course or passing: a vibration. [Gr.]

DIÆRESIS, DIERESIS, d[=i]-[=e]r'e-sis, _n._ a mark (¨) placed over one of two vowels to show that each is to be pronounced separately, as _aërial_:--_pl._ DIÆR'ESES, DIER'ESES. [Gr.,--_dia_, apart, _hairein_, to take.]

DIAGLYPH, d[=i]'a-glif, _n._ an intaglio. [Gr.]

DIAGNOSIS, d[=i]-ag-n[=o]'sis, _n._ the distinguishing a disease by means of its symptoms: a brief description:--_pl._ DIAGN[=O]'SES.--_v.t._ D[=I]'AGNOSE, to ascertain from symptoms, as a disease.--_adj._ D[=I]AGNOS'TIC, distinguishing: characteristic.--_n._ that by which anything is known: a symptom.--_n.pl._ DIAGNOS'TICS, the branch of medicine to which the skill in noting and interpreting symptoms belongs. [Gr., _dia_, between, _gn[=o]sis_--_gn[=o]nai_, to know.]

DIAGOMETER, d[=i]-a-gom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ a form of electroscope for ascertaining conducting power. [Gr. _diagein_, to conduct, _metron_, a measure.]

DIAGONAL, d[=i]-ag'o-nal, _adj._ through the corners, or from an angle to an opposite angle of a four or many sided figure.--_n._ a straight line so drawn.--_adv._ DIAG'ONALLY.--DIAGONAL SCALE, a scale for laying down small fractions of the unit of measurement, the parallel lines drawn lengthwise on its surface being divided into sections by lines drawn crosswise, and in one end section being intersected by a series of other parallel lines drawn obliquely at equal distances across them. [Fr.,--L. _diagonalis_, from Gr. _diag[=o]nios_--_dia_, through, and _g[=o]nia_, a corner.]

DIAGRAM, d[=i]'a-gram, _n._ a figure or plan drawn in outline to illustrate any statement: a record traced by an automatic indicator.--_adj._ DIAGRAMMAT'IC.--_adv._ DIAGRAMMAT'ICALLY.--_n._ D[=I]'AGRAPH, an instrument for enabling unskilled persons to draw objects in outline.--_adj._ DIAGRAPH'IC. [L.,--Gr. _diagramma_--_dia_, round, _graphein_, to write.]

DIAHELIOTROPIC, d[=i]-a-h[=e]-li-[=o]-trop'ik, _adj._ (_bot._) turning transversely to the light.--_n._ DIAHELIOT'ROPISM. [Gr. _dia_, across, and _heliotropic_.]

DIAL, d[=i]'al, _n._ an instrument for showing the time of day by the sun's shadow: a timepiece: the face of a watch or clock: a circular plate on which a movable index shows the degree of pressure, &c.--_v.t._ to measure, as with a dial.--_ns._ D[=I]'ALIST, a maker of dials: one skilled in dialling; D[=I]'ALLING, the art of constructing dials: the science which explains the measuring of time by the sun-dial: surveying by help of a compass with sights, such as is called a 'miner's dial;' D[=I]AL-PLATE. [M. E. _dial_--Low L. _dialis_, daily--L. _dies_, a day.]

DIALECT, d[=i]'a-lekt, _n._ a variety or form of a language peculiar to a district: a non-literary vernacular: a peculiar manner of speaking.--_adj._ DIALECT'AL.--_adv._ DIALECT'ALLY.--_ns._ DIALECT'ICISM; DIALECTOL'OGIST; DIALECTOL'OGY. [Through Fr. and L. from Gr. _dialektos_, speech, manner of speech, peculiarity of speech--_dia_, between, _legein_, to speak.]

DIALECTIC, -AL, d[=i]-a-lek'tik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to dialect or to discourse: pertaining to dialectics: logical.--_ns._ DIALEC'TIC, DIALECT'ICS, art of discussing: that branch of logic which teaches the rules and modes of reasoning.--_adv._ DIALEC'TICALLY.--_n._ DIALECTI'CIAN, one skilled in dialectics, a logician. [Gr. _dialektikos_.]

DIALLAGE, d[=i]-al'a-j[=e], _n._ (_rhet._) a figure of speech by which arguments, after having been considered from various points of view, are all brought to bear upon one point. [Gr.]

DIALLAGE, d[=i]'al-[=a]j, _n._ a mineral nearly allied to augite, brown, gray, or green in colour, laminated in structure, with a metallic lustre when broken across.--_adjs._ DIALLAG'IC, DIAL'LAGOID. [Gr. _diallag[=e]_, change--_dia_, between, _allassein_, to change--_allos_, other.]

DIALOGITE, d[=i]-al'[=o]-j[=i]t, _n._ a rose-red carbonate of manganese--also _Rhodochrosite_.

DIALOGUE, d[=i]'a-log, _n._ conversation between two or more persons, esp. of a formal or imaginary nature.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ (_Shak._) to put into dialogue form.--_adjs._ DIALOG'IC, DIALOGIST'IC, -AL (-loj-), in the form of a dialogue.--_v.i._ DIAL'OGISE ('oj-), to discourse in dialogue.--_n._ DIAL'OGIST ('oj-), a speaker in, or writer of, a dialogue. [Fr.,--L. _dialogus_--Gr. _dialogos_, a conversation--_dialegesthai_, to discourse.]

DIALURIC, d[=i]-a-l[=u]'rik, _adj._ pertaining to alloxan and uric acid.--_n._ DIAL[=U]'RATE, a salt of dialuric acid.

DIALYSIS, d[=i]-al'i-sis, _n._ (_chem._) the separation of substances by diffusion through a membranous septum or partition: diæresis: dissolution:--_pl._ DIAL'YSES.--_adj._ DIALYS'ABLE.--_v.t._ D[=I]'ALYSE, to separate by dialysis.--_n._ D[=I]'ALYSER.--_adj._ DIALYT'IC. [Gr. _dialysis_--_dia_, asunder, _lyein_, to loose.]

DIAMAGNETIC, d[=i]-a-mag-net'ik, _adj._ cross-magnetic--applied to any substance, such as a rod of bismuth or glass, which, when suspended between the poles of a magnet, arranges itself across the line joining the poles (a rod of iron or of sealing-wax so held arranges itself parallel to the line joining the poles, and is said to be _Paramagnetic_).--_adv._ DIAMAGNET'ICALLY.--_n._ DIAMAG'NETISM, the form of magnetic action possessed by diamagnetic bodies: the branch of magnetism which deals with diamagnetic phenomena. [Gr. _dia_, through, _magn[=e]t[=e]s_, _magn[=e]s_, a magnet.]

DIAMANTIFEROUS, d[=i]-a-man-tif'er-us, _adj._ yielding diamonds. [Fr. _diamantifère_.]

DIAMESOGAMOUS, d[=i]-a-me-sog'a-mus, _adj._ (_bot._) fertilised by intermediary means.

DIAMETER, d[=i]-am'e-t[.e]r, _n._ the measure through or across: a straight line passing through the centre of a circle or other figure, terminated at both ends by the circumference.--_adjs._ DIAM'ETRAL, DIAMET'RIC, -AL, in the direction of a diameter: pertaining to the diameter: like the opposite ends of the diameter (as in _diametrical opposition_).--_advs._ DIAM'ETRALLY, in a diametral manner; DIAMET'RICALLY, exactly.--TACTICAL DIAMETER, the space covered by a steamer in turning 180° out of her original course. [Through Fr. and L. from Gr. _diametros_--_dia_, through, _metrein_, to measure.]

DIAMOND, d[=i]'a-mond, _n._ the most valuable of all gems, and the hardest of all substances: a four-sided figure with two obtuse and two acute angles: one of the four suits of cards: one of the smallest kinds of English printing type.--_adj._ resembling diamonds: made of diamonds: marked with diamonds: lozenge-shaped, rhombic.--_ns._ D[=I]'AMOND-BEE'TLE, a beautiful sparkling South American weevil; D[=I]'AMOND-CUT'TING, diamond-setting; D[=I]'AMOND-DRILL, an annular borer whose bit is set with borts; D[=I]'AMOND-DUST, D[=I]'AMOND-POW'DER, the powder made by the friction of diamonds on one another in the course of polishing.--_adjs._ D[=I]'AMONDED, furnished with diamonds; DIAMONDIF'EROUS, yielding diamonds.--_n._ D[=I]'AMOND-WHEEL, a wheel covered with diamond-dust and oil for polishing diamonds and other precious stones.--DIAMOND CUT DIAMOND, the case of an encounter between two very sharp persons.--ROUGH DIAMOND, an uncut diamond: a person of great worth, though of rude exterior and unpolished manners. [M. E. _adamaunt_--O. Fr. _adamant_--L. _adamanta_, accus. of _adamas_--Gr. _adamas_, _adamantos_, adamant--_a_, not, _damaein_, to tame.]

DIANA, di-[=a]'na, or d[=i]-an'a, _n._ an ancient Italian goddess of light, the moon-goddess, representative of chastity and hunting, afterwards identified with the Greek Artemis.--DIANA OF THE EPHESIANS, a goddess of fertility worshipped at _Ephesus_.

DIANDRIA, d[=i]-an'dri-a, _n._ a class of plants in the Linnæan system having two stamens.--_n._ DIAN'DER, a plant with two stamens.--_adjs._ DIAN'DRIAN, DIAN'DROUS. [Gr. _dis_, twice, double, _an[=e]r_, _andros_, a man.]

DIANODAL, d[=i]-a-n[=o]'dal, _adj._ (_math._) passing through a node.

DIANOETIC, d[=i]-a-n[=o]-et'ik, _adj._ capable of thought, thinking: belonging to the ratiocinative faculties of the mind. [Gr. _diano[=e]tikos_--_dia_, through, _noein_, to think.]

DIANTHUS, d[=i]-an'thus, _n._ the genus of herbaceous flowers to which carnations and pinks belong. [Gr. _dianth[=e]s_--_dis_, _di-_, two, _anthos_, a flower.]

DIAPASON, d[=i]-a-p[=a]'zon, _n._ a whole octave: a harmony: a full volume of various sounds in concord: correct pitch: the two foundation-stops of an organ (_open_ and _stopped diapason_)--(_Spens._) D[=I]'APASE. [Gr. _dia_, through, and _pas[=o]n_, gen. pl. of _pas_, all--part of the Gr. phrase, _dia pas[=o]n chord[=o]n symph[=o]nia_, concord through all the notes.]

DIAPEDESIS, d[=i]-a-pe-d[=e]'sis, _n._ (_physiol._) the migration of white blood-corpuscles through the walls of the blood-vessels without apparent rupture.--_adj._ DIAPEDET'IC. [Gr., _dia_, through, _p[=e]dan_, to leap.]

DIAPENTE, d[=i]-a-pen't[=e], _n._ (_mus._) the interval of a fifth: a composition in pharmacy of five ingredients. [Gr.]

DIAPER, d[=i]'a-p[.e]r, _n._ unbleached linen cloth woven in slightly defined figures, used for towels, &c.: a pattern for ornamentation, woven, not coloured, in textiles: a floral or geometric pattern in low relief in architecture, often repeated over a considerable surface.--_v.t._ to variegate with figures, as diaper.--_n._ D[=I]'APERING. [O. Fr. _diaspre_, _diapre_--Low L. _diasprus_--Byzantine Gr. _diaspros_, _dia_, through, _aspros_, white.]