Chapter XVI: Appendix: II

LIST OF IMPORTANT PREFIXES

+I. PREPOSITIONS.+--In these compounds the Prepositions retain their original adverbial force.

A-, AB-, ABS-, = _away_, _from_ (of the starting-place)

(i) = _separation._

abire = _go away_.
abscêdere = _go away_.
âv[)o]care = _call away_.

(ii) = _consumption._
absûmere = _take away_, _consume_.
[)a]bûti = _use up_.

AD-, AC-, A-, = to (of a person, place, or thing, as the goal of motion).

(i) = _to_, _at_ (local).
accêdere = _approach_.
adfâri = _speak to_.
(ii) = _in addition._
acquîrere = _get in addition_.

ANTE = before (of place and time).

antecêdere = _come before_.
anteferre = _prefer_.

CIRCUM = around.

circumd[)a]re = _surround_.
circumdûcere }
circumscrîbere } literally, and with secondary meaning, = _cheat_.
circumv[)e]nire }

COM-, CON- (CUM), CO-, COL-, COR-, = together.

(i) = _collectively._

conclâmare = _shout together_.
commiscêre = _mix together_.

(ii) = _completely_ (often apparently only pleonastic).

consectari = _follow persistently_.
confirmare = _strengthen_.

DE-, = down, from.

(i) = _down_, _down off_, _down to._

dec[)i]dere = _fall down_, or _off_.
dev[)e]nire = _come to_.

(ii) = _off_, _away_, _aside._

dêcêdere = _depart_.
deflectere = _turn aside_.
deterrêre = _frighten_.

(iii) = _completely._

dep[)o]p[)u]lari = _lay waste_.
debellare = _bring a war to an end_.

(iv) = _un-_ (negative).

despêrare = _despair_.
deesse = _be wanting_.

E-, EX-, EC-, EF-, = out of.

(i) = _out_, _forth._

excêdere = _go out_.
effundere = _pour forth_.

(ii) = _throughout_, _to the end_, _thoroughly._

explêre = _fill to the brim_.
exposcere = _earnestly ask_.

IN-, IM-, IR-, I-, = in, on, against.

(i) = _in_, _into_, _on._

inclûdere = _shut in_.
inc[)i]dere = _fall on_.
inv[)i]dere = _look at_ (with ill intent),_envy_.

(ii) = _intensive_, almost _pleonastic_.

inc[)i]pere = _take up_, _begin_.
implêre = _fill_.

INTER = between.

(i) = _between_, _among._

intercêdere = _come between_.
intell[)e]gere = _pick among_, _perceive_.

(ii) = _breaking a continuity._

interclûdere = _shut off_, _blockade_.
interf[)i]cere = _destroy_ (lit. _put between_).

OB-, OBS-, OC-, OF-, OP-, O-, = against, on account of.

(i) = _over against_, _before_ (as an obstruction).

offendere = _strike against_.
obl[)o]qui = _speak against_.

(ii) = _towards_, with the idea of _favour_ or _compliance_.

oboedire = _hearken to_.
obs[)e]qui = _follow compliantly_.

PER-, = through, along.

(i) = _through_, _all over._

perrumpere = _break through_.
persp[)i]cêre = _look through_.

(ii) = _thoroughly_, _to completion._

perdiscere = _learn thoroughly_.
perfungi = _go through a duty_, _discharge_.
permagnus = _very large_.

PRAE = in front.

(i) = (of place) _before_, _in front_.

praef[)i]cere = _put at the head of_.
praeses (s[)e]deo) = _guardian_.

(ii) = (of time) _before_, _too soon_.

praediscere = _learn beforehand_.
praev[)e]nire = _outstrip_.

(iii) = _before others_, _in comparison_, _greatly._

praecellens = _surpassing_.

PRO-, PROD-, = before, in front of, forth.

prod-ire = _come forth_.
prov[)i]dêre = _look onwards or ahead_.

SUB-, SUF-, SUM-, SUP-, SUR-, SU-, SUS-, = beneath, under.

(i) = _under._

sub[)i]cere = _throw under_, _subject_.
suppr[)i]mere = _press under_, _suppress_.

(ii) = _up._

succingere = _gird up_.
sust[)i]nêre = _hold up_, _check_.

(iii) = _to the help of_, _close to._

subv[)e]nire = _come up to aid of_.

(iv) = _secretly._

subdûcere = _withdraw secretly_.

(v) = _slightly._

subrîdere = _laugh somewhat_, _smile_.
sublustris = _giving some light_.

SUPER = over, upon.

(i) = _over_, _upon_ (of place).

superpônere_ = place upon_ or _over_.

(ii) = _metaphorically._

sûperesse = _remain_, _survive_, _abound_.

TRANS-, TRA-, = across.

(i) = _across._

transgr[)e]di = _step across_.

(ii) = _a change or transference._

trâdere = _hand over_, _surrender_.

(iii) = _through to the end._

trans[)i]gere = _complete_ a business.

II. SEPARABLE PARTICLES, which do not appear as Prepositions in Latin.

AMB-, AM-, AN-, = around, on both sides.

ambîre = _go around_, _canvass_.
amplecti = _fold oneself round_, _embrace_.

DIS-, DI-, DIF-, DIR-, = in twain.

(i) = _asunder_, _apart._

discêdere = _part asunder_, _depart_.
discernere = _separate_, _distinguish_.
dîmittere = _send in different directions_.

(ii) = _un-_ (negative).

displ[)i]cêre = _displease_.
diffîdere = _distrust_.

(iii) = _exceedingly._

differtus = _crammed to bursting_.

(iv) = _individually_, _separately_.

dîn[)u]m[)e]rare = _count up (singly)_.

IN- (cf. #an-#, #a-#) = UN-, usually with adjectives.

ignoscere = _not to know_, _forget_, _pardon_.
inn[)o]cens = _not guilty_, _harmless_.

PER- (cf. #para#) = in a sense of wrong or injury.

perdere = _destroy_.
perf[)i]dus = _faithless_.

RED-, RE-, = back.

(i) = _back_, _backwards._

r[)e]cumbere = _lie down_.
r[)e]flectere = _bend back_.

(ii) = _in response_, or _return_.

reddere = _give in return_.

(iii) = _against_, _behind._

r[)e]pugnare = _fight against_.
r[)e]linquere = _leave behind_.

(iv) = _again._

r[)e]f[)i]cere = _make again_, _repair_.
r[)e]p[)e]rire = _find again_, _discover_.

(v) = _intensive action._

r[)e]vellere = _pluck by the roots_.

(vi) = _un-_ (negative).

r[)e]fîgere = _unfix_.

SED-, SE-, = apart.

sêcernere = _sift away_, _separate_.
sêcêdere = _go aside_, _withdraw_.
sêd-[)i]tio = _a going apart_, _secession_.