Chapter XI: Introduction (2)

[135] Or _beshi_.

[136] roll over and tumble in.

[137] unexpected.

[138] _sozoro susuro_.

[139] Or _arunari_.

[140] Or _otonaku_, _omonaku_.

[141] Sometimes omitted.

[142] Words of praise.

[143] Or _ifu_.

[144] Or _taguhi_.

[145] Or _sokobaku_.

[146] Or _katahara itaku_.

[147] Or _Morotari_.

[148] Or _tsukafuru_.

[149] Or _yau_.

[150] Or _tsubakurame to mausu mono ha_--probably a more correct reading.

[151] Or _tsutsu_.

[152] being wild will not come near.

[153] Sometimes omitted.

[154] Or _ma_.

[155] Or _kuri_.

[156] Or _tamahinaba_, omitting _namu_.

[157] Or _tohase-tamafu_.

[158] _sagete_.

[159] Or _ohashimashite_.

[160] Or _on_, or _omu_.

[161] right time.

[162] Or _kano_.

[163] Here = a place.

[164] Or _nobosete_.

[165] Some texts omit _tsubakurame … sasete_.

[166] Or _saharikeru_.

[167] Or _toki ni_.

[168] _mi kuchi ni_ omitted in some texts.

[169] Some texts add _dani_.

[170] Or _irare_.

[171] Some texts omit _yori … keri_.

[172] 請.

[173] Or _geru_.

[174] Or omit _meshi_, _mashi_.

[175] Or _go henji_.

[176] That is, _ohosetama hamu yau ni maushi haberamu_.

[177] Or _tamahasezaramu_.

[178] Sometimes omitted.

[179] Sometimes omitted.

[180] Sometimes omitted.

[181] Some texts omit _te mo_.

[182] Or _chikaku nari_.

[183] Some texts omit _chikaku … ni_.

[184] Or _on tomo_.

[185] This seems a corrupt passage.

[186] Or _idzuru_.

[187] i.e. _chikaku aru_.

[188] 制.

[189] _to mo kaku mo_.

[190] 人間, where men are not, i.e. solitary place, or simply 一間.

[191] 切.

[192] Or _tsune_.

[193] Or _tamahedomo_.

[194] Or _tatematsure_.

[195] _najô_ = _naze_.

[196] Or _Kaguyahime_, included in the speech, and _tsuki wo_ omitted.

[197] Or _toki ni_.

[198] Or add _to_.

[199] _koto kana!_ seems to have dropped out.

[200] 目.

[201] Or _ni ha_ omitted.

[202] Or _tsuiji_.

[203] 外.

[204] _sore ga_.

[205] Some texts omit _domo_.

[206] Or _hi-goro_.

[207] In some texts _zuru_ (_zo aru_?) _mo_ omitted.

[208] 内外.

[209] Words of Kaguya.

[210] This seems the best of several obscure readings.

[211] Or _ifu_.

[212] Or _kisetsuru_.

[213] 異.

[214] Or _chiyufu_.

KOKIN WAKASHIU ZHIYO[215]

TEXT TRANSLITERATED

Yamato uta ha hito no kokoro wo tane to shite yorodzu no koto no ha to so narerikeru.

Yo no naka ni aru hito kotowaza shigeki mono nareba kokoro ni omofu koto miru mono kiku mono ni tsukite ihi-idaseru nari. Hana ni naku uguhisu midzu ni sumu kahadzu no kowe wo kikeba iki to shi ikeru mono idzure ka uta wo yomimazarikeru.

Chikara wo mo irezu shite ame tsuchi wo ugokashi me ni miyenu oni kami wo mo ahare to omohase wotoko ouna no naka wo mo yaharage takeki mononofu no kokoro wo mo nagusamu kono uta ame tsuchi no hirake hazhimarikeru toki yori ide ki ni keri shika aredomo yo ni tsutaharu koto ha hisakata no[216] ame ni shite ha Shitateruhime ni hazhimari araganeno[217] tsuchi ni shite ha Susa no wo no mikoto yori zo okarikeru.

[Chihayaburu[218] kami yo ni ha uta no mozhi mo sadamarazu sunaho ni shite koto no kokoro waki-katakarikerashi hito no yo to narite Susanowo no mikoto yori zo miso mozhi amari hito mozhi ha yomikeru]

Kakute zo hana wo mede tori wo urayami[219] kasumi wo aharebi tsuyu wo kanashibu kokoro kotoba ohoku samazama ni nari ni keru.

Tohoki tokoro mo ide-tatsu ashi moto yori hazhimarite toshi tsuki wo watari takaki yama mo fumoto no chirihiji yori narite ama kumo tanabiku made ohi-noboreru ga gotoku ni kono uta mo kaku no gotoku narubeshi. Naniha tsu no uta ha mikado no on hazhime nari. Asaka yama no koto no ha ha uneme no tahamure yori yomite kono futa uta ha uta no chichi haha no yô (yau) nite zo te-narafu hito no hazhime ni mo shikeru.

Somosomo uta no sama mutsu nari. Kara no uta ni mo kaku zo arubeki. Sono mu kusa no hitotsu ni ha sohe uta futatsu ni ha kazoye uta mitsu ni ha nazurahe uta yotsu ni ha tatohe uta itsutsu ni ha tadagoto uta mutsu ni ha ihahi uta nari.

Ima no yo no naka iro ni tsuki hito no kokoro hana ni nari ni keru yori ada naru uta hakanaki koto nomi ide-kureba iro konomi no ihe ni umore-gi no hito shirenu koto to narite mame naru tokoro ni ha hana-susuki ho ni idasubeki koto ni mo arazu nari ni keri[220].

Sono hazhime wo omoheba kakarubeku namu aranu.

Inishihe no yoyo no mikado haru no hana no ashita aki no tsuki no yo goto ni saburafu hitobito wo meshite koto ni tsuketsutsu uta wo tatematsurashimetamafu. Aruha hana wo sofu [moteasobu] tote tayori naki tokoro ni madohi aruha tsuki wo omofu tote shirube naki kuraki ni tadoreru kokorogokoro wo mitamahite sakashi oroka nari to shiroshimeshikemu[221]. Shika aru nominarazu sazare ishi ni tatohe Tsukuba yama ni kakete kimi wo negahi yorokobi mi ni sugi tanoshimi kokoro ni amari Fuji no kemuri ni yosohete hito wo tanoshibi matsu mushi no oto ni tomo wo shinobi Takasago Suminoye no matsu mo ahiohi no yau ni oboye Wotokoyama no mukashi wo omohi-ide wominameshi no hito-doki wo kuneru ni mo uta wo ihite zo nagusamekeru.

Mata haru no ashita ni hana no chiru wo mi aki no yufugure ni ki no ha no otsuru wo kiki aruha toshigoto ni kagami no kage ni miyuru yuki to nami to wo nageki kusa no tsuyu midzu no aha wo mite waga mi wo odoroki aruha ki [kinofu] no ha sakaye ogorite kefu ha toki wo ushinahi yo ni wabi shitashikarishi utoshiku nari. Aruha matsuyama no nami wo kake no naka no midzu wo kumi aki hagi no ochiba wo nagame akadzuki no shige no hanekaki wo kazoye aruha kuretake no ukifushi wo hito ni ihi Yoshinogaha wo hikite yo no naka wo urami kitsuru ni ima ha Fuji no yama no kemuri mo tatazu nari Nagara no hashi mo tsukuru nari to kiku hito ha uta ni nomi zo kokoro wo nagusamekeru.

Inishihe yori kaku tsutaharu uchi ni mo Nara no mi toki yori zo hiromari ni keru. [Kano ohon yo ha uta no kokoro wo shiroshimeshitarikemu.] Kano mi toki ni [Ohokimi tsu no kurai] Kakinomoto no Hitomaro namu uta no hizhiri narikeru [kore ha kimi mo hito mo mi wo ahasetari to ifu narubeshi. Aki no yufube Tatsutagaha ni nagaruru momiji wo ba mikado no ohon me ni ha nishiki to mitamahi haru no ashita Yoshino no yama no sakura ha Hitomaro ga kokoro ni ha yuki ka to nomi namu oboyekeru].

Mata Yamanohe no Akahito to ifu hito ari uta ni ayashiku tahenarikeri. Hitomaro ha Akahito ga uhe ni tatamu koto kataku Akahito ha Hitomaro ga shita ni tatamu koto kataku namu arikeru. Kono hitobito wo okite mata suguretaru hito mo kuretake[222] no yoyo ni kikoye kata-ito[223] no yoriyori ni tayezu zo arikeru. Kore yori saki no uta wo atsumete namu Manyefushiu to nadzukeraretarikeru. Kano mi toki yori toshi ha momo tose ni amari yo ha to tsugi ni namu nari ni keru. Koko ni inishihi no koto wo mo uta no kokoro wo mo shireru hito yomu hito ohokarazu wadzuka ni hitori futari nariki. Shika aredo kore kare yetaru tokoro yenu tokoro tagahi ni namu aru.

Ima kono koto wo ifu ni tsukasa kurai takaki hito wo ba tayasuki[224] yau nareba irezu sono hoka ni chikaki yo ni sono na kikoyetaru hito ha sunahachi Sôjô Henjô ha uta no sama ha yetaredomo makoto sukunashi tatoheba ye ni kakeru onna wo mite itadzura ni kokoro wo ugokasu ga gotoshi Arihara Narihira ha sono kokoro amarite kotoba tarazu ihaba shibomeru hana no iro nakute niho-nokoreru ga gotoshi Bunya no Yasuhide ha kotoba ha takumi nite sono sama mi ni ohazu ihaba aki-hito no yoki kinu kitaramu ga gotoshi. Ujiyama no sou Kisen ha kotoba kasuka ni shite hazhime wohari tashika narazu ihaba aki no tsuki wo miru ni akadzuki no kumo ni aheru ga gotoshi.

[yomeru uta ohoku kikoyeneba kore kare wo kayohashite yoku shirazu.]

Wononokomachi ha [inishihe no Sotohori hime no nagare[225] nari] ahare naru yau nite tsuyokarazu ihaba yoki ouna no nayameru tokoro aru ni nitari [tsuyokaranu ha ouna no uta nareba narubeshi]. Ohotomo no Kuronushi ha kokoro ha wokashikute sono sama iyashi ihaba takigi oheru yamabito no hana no kage ni yasumeru ga gotoshi.

Kono hoka no hitobito sono na kikoyuru no-be ni ofuru katsura no hahi-hirogori hayashi ni shigeki ki no ha no gotoku ohokaredo uta to nomi omohite sono sama shiranu narubeshi. Kakaru ni ima suberagi no amenoshita shiroshimesu koto yotsu no toki kokono kaheri ni namu narinuru amaneki ohon utsukushimi no nami Yashima no hoka made nagare hiroki no ohon megumi no kage Tsukubayama no fumoto yori mo shigeku ohashimashite yorodzu no matsurigoto wo kikoshimesu itoma moromoro no koto wo sutetamahanu amari ni inishihe no koto wo mo wasurezhi furinishi koto wo mo okoshi tamafu tote ima mo mi sonahashi nochi no yo ni mo tsutahare tote Yengi 5 nen 4 guwatsu 18 nichi ni Dainagon Kino Tomonori mi kaki no tokoro no adzukari Ki no Tsurayuki Saki no Kahi no Soukwan Ofushi Kafuchi no Mitsune Uyeimon no Fushô Mifu no Tadamine ra ni ohoserarete Manyefushiu ni iranu furuki uta midzu kara no wo mo tatematsurashimetamahite namu.

Sore ga naka ni ume wo kazasu yori hazhimete hototogisu wo kiki momiji wo wori yuki wo miru ni itaru made mata tsuru kame ni tsukete kimi wo omohi hito wo mo ihahi aki hagi natsu kusa wo mite tsuma wo kohi Afusakayama ni itarite Tamuke wo inori aruha haru natsu aki fuyu ni mo iranu kusagusa no uta wo namu yerabasetamahikeru. Subete chi uta hata ken nadzukete Kokinwakashiu to ifu.

Kaku kono tabi atsume-yerabarete yama shita midzu mo tayezu hama no masago kazu ohoku tsumorinureba ima ha Asukagaha no se ni naru urami mo kikoyezu sazare ishi no iha hodo naru no yorokobi nomi zo arubeki.

Sore makura[226] kotoba ha haru no hana niho sukunaku shite munashiki na nomi aki no yo no nagaki wo kakotereba katsu ha hito no mimi ni osori katsu ha uta no kokoro ni haji omohedo tanabiku kumo no tachi-wi naku shika no oki fushi ha Tsurayukira ga kono yo ni umarete kono koto no toki ni aheru wo namu yorokobinuru.

Hitomaro nakunaritaredo uta no koto todomareru kana. Tatohi toki utsuri koto sari tanoshibi kanashimi yukikafu to mo kono uta no mozhi ara wo ya! Awonagi no ito tayezu matsu no ha no chiriushinahi sezushite masaki no kadzura nagaku tsutahari tori no ato hisashiku todomareraba kono uta no sama wo mo shiri koto no kokoro wo mo yetaramu hito ha ohosora no tsuki wo miru ga gotoku ni inishihe wo afugite ima wo kohizarame ka mo.

_Zhiyo (jo) no ohari._

FOOTNOTES

[215] The text is that of the modern edition of the ‘Kokin’ by Kaneko Genshin. The bracketed portions are said to be interpolations. See volume of Translations.

[216] _hisakata no_--a _makura kotoba_ of _ame_.

[217] _araganeno_--m. k. of _tsuchi_.

[218] _chihayaburu_--m. k. of _kami_.

[219] _urayamu_ (_ura-nayamu_) here = admire, wonder at.

[220] As to the whole of this sentence see the translation, which is as close as possible to the primary meaning of the passage--a secondary meaning of a moral character may also have been intended. _Iro_, colour, may signify poetic decoration; _hana_, flower, evanescence or superficiality.

[221] judge, determine--past quasi-future or dubitative.

[222] _kuretake no_, m. k. of _yo_.

[223] _kata-ito no_, m. k. of _yori_.

[224] _tayasuki_ = _karugarushiki_ = lightly, inconsiderately.

[225] _nagare_ = _ryu_, style, school.

[226] _makura_ seems to be a mistake for _warera_ (= we).

NÔ NO UTAHI TAKASAGO

TEXT TRANSLITERATED

TAKASAGO _furuna_ AHIOHI[227].

SHITE (_protagonist_), Okina (Spirit of the Pine of Sumiyoshi).

TSURE (_companion protagonist_), Uba (Spirit of the Pine of
Takasago).

ATO SHITE (_deuteragonist_), God of Sumiyoshi.

WAKI (_tritagonist_), Aso no Kannushi.

JI (_chorus_).

TOKORO (_scene_), Harima.

(_tsugi shidai_)[228]--

Ima wo hazhime no
tabigoromo
hi mo yuku suwe mo
hisashiki--

(_kotoba_)[229]--

Somosomo kore ha Kishiu Higo no kuni Aso no miya no kannushi Tomonari to ha aga koto nari. Ware imada miyako wo mizu safurafu hodo ni kono tabi omohitachi miyako ni nobori-safurafu mata yoki tsuide nareba Banshiu Takasago no ura wo mo ikken sebaya to zonzhi-safurafu.

(_michiyuki_)[230]--

Tabigoromo
suwe harubaru no
miyakoji wo
kefu omohitatsu--
ura no nami
funaji nodokeki
haru kaze mo
iku ka kinuran
ato suwe mo
iza shirakumo no
harubaru to
sashi mo omohishi
Harima-gata
Takasago no ura ni
tsuki ni keri
tsuki ni keri.

_Shite tsure_ (_hito kowe_)--

Takasago no
matsu no haru kaze
fukikurete
Wonohe no kane mo
hibiku nari.

_Tsure_--

nami ha kasumi no
isogakure--

_Futari_--

oto koso shiho no
michi hi nare.

_Shitesashi_--

Tare wo ka mo
shiruhito ni semu
Takasago no
matsu mo mukashi no
tomo narade
sugikoshi yoyo ha
shirayuki no
tsumori tsumorite[231]
oi no tsuru no
negura ni nokoru
ariake no
haru no shimo yo no
oki-wi ni mo
matsu kaze wo nomi
kiki-narete
kokoro wo tomo to
sugamushiro no
omohi wo noburu
bakari nari.

(_futari utafu_)--

otodzure ha
matsu ni kototofu
urakaze no
ochiba-goromo no
sode sohete
kokage no chiri wo
kakau yo
kakau yo
tokoro ha Takasago no
Wonohe no matsu mo
toshi furite
oi no nami mo
yorikuru ya
ko no shita kage no
ochiba kaku
naru made inochi
nagarahete
naho itsu made ka
iki no matsu
sore mo hisashiki
meisho kana
meisho kana!

_Waki_ (_kotoba_)--

Satobito wo ahimatsu tokoro ni rauzhin fuufu kitareri ika ni koko naru rauzhin ni tadzunubeki koto no safurafu.

_Shite_ (_kotoba_)--

Konata no koto nite safurafu ka nanikoto nite safurafu zo.

_Waki_--

Takasago no matsu to ha idzure no ki wo maushi safurafu zo.

_Shite_--

Tadaima kokage wo kiyome safurafu koso Takasago no matsu nite safurahe.

_Waki_--

Takasago Suminoye no matsu ni ahiohi no na ari tausho to Sumiyoshi to ha kuni wo hedateru ni nani tote ahiohi no matsu to ha maushi safurafu zo.

_Shite_--

Ohose no gotoku Kokin no zhiyo ni Takasago Suminoye no matsu mo ahiohi no yau ni oboye to ari. Sarinagara kono zheu ha Tsu no kuni Sumiyoshi no mono kore naru uba koso tausho no hito nare shiru koto araba mausase tamahe.

_Waki_--

Fushigi ya mireba rauzhin no fuufu issho ni ari nagara tohoki Suminoye Takasago no ura yama kuni wo hedatete sumu to ifu ha ika naru koto yaran!

_Tsure_--

Utate no ohose safurafu ya sansenbanri wo hedatsuredomo tagahi ni kayofu kokorodzukahi no imose no michi ha tohokarazu.

_Shite_--

Madzu anzhite mo goran-zeyo!

_Shite tsure_--

Takasago Suminoye no matsu ha hizhiyau no mono dani mo ahiohi no na ha aru zo kashi mashite ya shiyau aru hito to shite toshi hisashiku mo Sumiyoshi yori kayohinaretaru zheu to uba ha matsu morotomo ni kono toshi made ahiohi no fuufu to naru mono wo!

_Waki_--

Ihare wo kikeba omoshiroya. Sate sate saki ni kikoyetsuru ahiohi no matsu no monogatari wo tokoro ni ihioku ihare ha naku ka?

_Shite_--

Mukashi no hito no maushishi ha kore ha medetaki yo no tameshi nari.

_Tsure_--

Takasago to ifu ha zhiyaudai no Manyefushiu no inishihe no gi--

_Shite_--

Sumiyoshi to mausu ha ima kono miyo ni sumi-tamafu Yengi no ohon koto--

_Tsure_--

matsu to ha tsukinu koto no ha no--

_Shite_--

sakaye ha kokon ahionazhi to--

_Shite tsure_--

miyo wo agamuru tatohe nari.

_Waki_--

Yoku yoku kikeba arigataya ima koso fushin haru no hi no.

_Shite_--

hikari yaharagu nishi no umi no--

_Waki_--

kashiko ha Suminoye--

_Shite_--

koko ha Takasago--

_Waki_--

matsu mo irosohi--

_Shite_--

haru mo--

_Waki_--

nodoka ni--

_Ji_--

shikai nami
shidzuka nite
kuni mo osamaru
tokitsu kaze
yeda wo narasanu
mi yo nare ya
ahi ni ohiohi no
matsu koso
medetakarikere
ge ni ya afugite mo
koto mo oroka ya
kakaru yo ni
sumeru tami tote
yutaka naru
kimi no megumi
arigataki.

_Waki_ (_kotoba_)--

Nahonaho Takasago no matsu no medetaki ihare kuhashiku on monogatari safurabe.

_Jikuri_[232]--

Sore saumoku kokoronashi to ha mausedomo kuwazhitsu no toki wo tagahezu yaushyau no toku wo sonahete nanshi hana hazhimete hiraku.

_Shite_ (_sashi_)--

Saredomo kono matsu ha sono keshiki tokoshinahe ni shite kuwayefu toki wo wakazu.

_Ji_--

Yotsu no toki itarite mo issen nen no iro yuki no uchi ni fukaku mata ha shiyoukuwa no iro to kaheri to mo iheri.

_Shite_--

Kakaru tayori wo matsu ga ye no--

_Ji_--

koto no ha gusa no tsuyu no tama kokoro wo migaku tane to narite---

_Shite_--

iki to shi ikeru mono goto ni--

_Ji_--

Shikishima no kaze ni yoru to ka ya.

(_kuse_)?--

Shikaru ni Chiyaunou ga kotoba ni mo uzhiyau hizhiyau no sono kowe mina uta ni mo moruru koto nashi. Saumoku dosha fuusei suwion made bambutsu no komoru kokoro ari. Haru no hayashi no toufuu ni ugoki aki no mushi no hokuro ni naku mo mina waka no sugata narazuya. Naka ni mo kono matsu ha bammoku ni sugurete zhiyu hachi kou no yosohohi sen shiu no midori wo nashite kokon no iro mo mizu Shikwau no on shaku adzukaru hodo no ki nari tote ikoku ni mo honchiyau ni mo bammin kore wo shiyaukwansu.

_Shite_--

Takasago no
Wonohe no kane no
oto su nari!

_Ji_--

Ake kakete
shimo ha okedomo
matsu ga ye no
ha iro ha onazhi
fukamidori
tachi-yoru kage no
asa yufu ni
kakedomo ochiba no
tsukisenu ha
makoto nari
matsu no ha mo
chiri usezu shite
iro ha naho
masaki no kadzura
nagaki yo no
tatohe narikeru
tokiha-gi no
naka ni mo na ha
Takasago no
matsudai no tameshi
ni mo
ahiohi no matsu zo
medetaki.

(_rongi_) _Ji_--

Ge ni na wo yetaru matsu ga ye no
oi-ki no mukashi arahashite
sono na wo nanori tamahe ya!

_Shite tsure_--

Ima ha nani wo ka tsutsumubeki kore ha Takasago Suminoye no ahiohi no matsu no sei,

_Ji_--

Me oto genzhi kitarikeri.

_Ji_--

Fushigi ya sate ha nadokoro no matsu no kidoku wo arahashite.

_Shite tsure_--

saumoku kokoro nakeredomo--

_Ji_--

kashikoki yo tote--

_Shite tsure_--

kusa mo ki mo--

_Ji_[233]--

Waga ohokimi no
kuni nareba
itsumade kimi ga
yo ni Sumiyoshi ni
madzu yukite are nite
machi mausan to
yufu nami no
migiha naru
ama no wobune
ni uchi norite
ohi kaze ni
makase tsutsu
oki no kata ni
ide ni keri ya
oki no kata ni
ide ni keri.

_Waki_ (_utafu_)--

Takasago ya
kono ura fune ni
ho wo agete
tsuki morotomo ni
ide shiho no
nami no Ahaji no
shima kage ya
tohoku Naruwo
oki sugite
haya Suminoye ni
tsuki ni keri
tsuki ni keri.

(_ato_) _Shite_--

Ware mite mo
hisashiku narinu
Sumiyoshi no
kishi no himematsu
iku yo henuran
mutsumashi to
kimi ha shirazu ya
mizugaki no
hisashiki yoyo no
kami kagura
yoru no tsudzumi no
hiyaushi wo sorohete
suzushime tamahe
miyatsuko-tachi.

_Ji_--

Nishi no umi
Awoki ga hara no
nami ma yori--

_Shite_--

arahare ideshi
kami matsu no
haru nare ya
nokon no yuki no
Asaka-gata.

_Ji_--

Tamamo karu
naru kishi kage no--

_Shite_--

shiyaukon ni yorite
koshi wo sureba--

_Ji_--

sennen no midori
te ni michiteri--

_Shite_--

baikwa wo otte
kaube ni saseba--

_Ji_--

zhi getsu no yuki
koromo ni ochitsu.

(_rongi_) _Ji_--

Arigata no yekau ya tsuki Sumiyoshi no Kami asobi mi kage wo wogamu arata sa yo.

_Shite_--

Ge ni samazama no mahi-hime no kowe mo sumu nari Suminoye no matsukage mo utsuru naru seigaiha to ha kore naran.

_Ji_--

Kami to kimi to no michi sugu ni Miyako no haru ni yukubeku ha.

_Shite_--

Sore zo genzhiyauraku no mahi--

_Ji_--

sate banzei no--

_Shite_--

womigoromo--

_Ji_--

sasu kahi ni ha akuma wo harahi wosamuru te ni ha zhiyufuku wo idaki senshiu raku ha tami wo nade manzai raku ni ha inochi wo nobu ahiohi no matsu kaze satsusatsu no kowe zo tanoshimu.[234]

_Takasago no ohari._

FOOTNOTES

[227] The text is that of the Yôkyoku Tsûge. The old name, _furuna_, was Ahiohi (grow old together).

[228] A stage direction, it seems to mean, entry in order of actors and songmen (_utahigata_).

[229] Prose recitation.

[230] Description of the Journey, by a member of the chorus? The syntax of this passage and of similar passages that follow is irregular, there is much ellipsis and some inversion. Most probably too the text--if there ever was a settled text--is more or less corrupt. Though the syntax and phrasing is of a rather fragmentary and disjointed character the meaning is not usually hard to get at, if somewhat vague.

[231] This passage, like some others, must be understood metaphorically as well as literally--here, in reference to the age of the tree and that of the speaker. The _sashi_ of _shitesashi_ seems to indicate a coming forward or interruption by the protagonist. _Rongi-ji_ is a sort of dialogal chorus, and _kuse_, a statement of the precept or argument of the _utahi_, made by one of the chorus.

[232] Chorus again.

[233] From this point the verse is irregular.

[234] Poetized prose.

MAKURA KOTOBA

A list of all the Makura kotoba contained in the Manyôshiu.

Brief explanations only are given, sufficient to suggest the meaning which can never be strictly defined.

In the companion volume of Translations a short essay on the Makura kotoba will be found, and in the notes to the Translations some of the more difficult or interesting examples are discussed.

The figures denote some of the long lays in which the m. k. to which they are attached are employed. The literal renderings are of the characters, read _mana_, with which the m. k. are more often written--but not so in all cases. Of many of the m. k. the meanings are, and must remain conjectural.

Place-names are thus indicated (pl. n.).

=adzusayumi=, bow of white-wood (Catalpa, Prunus?); applied to _hiki_ (draw); compounds of _hiki_; _-- hiki-toyokuni_ = _hiki-toyomu-kuni_ (resounding land); _-- Yora no yama he_, _Yora_ hill, _yora_ resembling _yoru_ (night-time when twang of bow more distinct); _-- suwe ha yorinemu_ (at the end will rest--end = bow-end); _-- suwe_ (end); _-- haru_ (stretch or bend, as bow); _-- oto_ sound (as twang of bow), 3, 29, 31, 104.

=agakokoro=, my heart or feelings; used with following place-names, Kiyosumi no ike, Akashi no ura, Tsukushi no yama. The application is obvious, 199.

=Ahajishima=, Awaji island; applied by sound-quibble to _ahare_, alas! oh!

=Ahashimano=, millet-island; applied to _awazhi mono_, one who is not met--_zh_ is _sh_ voiced.

=ajimurano=, like flock of teal (Anas formosa); _-- sawaku_, make noise like flock of teal, 54.

=ajinosumu=, where teal resort; _-- Susa no irije_ (creek); _ajisahafu_, where teal are abundant, 26; with _mure_ (crowd) or _me_ (contraction of _mure_) confer _umasahafu_, 68.

=akahoshi=, red-star, Venus, bright-star; _-- akuru ashita_, bright-star-morrow’s-daybreak.

=akanesasu=, red-wort-dyed, madder-red or ruddy, comely; _-- hi_ (sun),--_hiru_ (noon); _-- tereru tsukuyo_ (bright moonlight night); _-- murasaki_ (purple); _-- kimi_ (lord), 24, 154, 240.

=akarabiku= (_aka wo hiku_), ruddy, rosy; with _hi_ (sun); _shikitahe no ko_ (pretty young girl); _kimi_ (lord); _hada_ (naked skin), 59--in this and preceding m. k. _ra_ and _ne_ may have same value.

=akihagino=, like autumnal bush-clover (Lespedeza), 119, 201; _shinahite aramu_, bending like --.

=akikashiha=, like autumn oak; or ‘vendible oak’ (_aki_); applied to _uru_, sell, of Uruha River.

=akikazeno=, like autumn wind; _-- Yamabuki no se_, course of the Yamabuki river; applies to _buki_ (_fuki_, blow) of _yamabuki_ (Kerria Japonica); _-- chiye no ura_--(_chi_ taken as = _shi_, breath, _kaze_ being _kami shi_, God’s breath).

=akikusano=, like autumn grass; _-- musubishi himo_, knotted girdle, but _musubi_ also means produce, as a plant produces fruit.

=akinohano=, like autumn leafery; _-- nihohi ni tereru_ (--abundantly shine), 250.

=akitsushima=, Island of Ripe Ears _or_ Dragonfly-shaped Island;--Yamato, 2, 141.

=akiyamano=, like autumnal hills; _-- shitaberu imo_ (little sister delicate as fading sprays on an autumn hill-side); _-- iro natsukashiku_, play on _iro_, colour (of autumn), and _iro_, term of endearment, added to _natsukashiku_, lovely.

=amadzutafu=, sky-climb; _-- hi_ (sun); _-- irihi_ (setting sun); _Higasano ura_, 17.

=amagomori=, rain-hidden; applied to Mikasa Hill (Cloud- or Mist-capped Hill).

=amakazofu=, meaning not clear, perhaps sky-fathoming; used with _oho_, great, vast, or _ohoyoso_, universal?

=amakumono=, like sky-cloud; used with _tayutafu_ (drift); _yukura yukura_, _yuki no manimani_, _yukikaheri_, all involving idea of motion to and fro, driftingly, &c. Also to _okuka mo shirazu_, unknowing term or end; _tadoki mo shirazu_, helpless; _yoso_, any- or somewhere else; _wakareshi yuku_, depart and go, 22, 25, 37, 45, 48, 57, 58, 62.

=Amanohara=, the sky-plain; _-- Fujiye_, _Fuji-san_, as piercing the sky.

=amateruya=, heaven-shine-Oh! applied to _hi_ (sun).

=amatobuya=, sky fly-Oh!; used with _karu_ (mallard?), 27.

=amatsumidzu=, sky-water, i.e. rain; used with _afugite matsu_, looking up to the sky as when hoping for rain, 22, 234.

=amazakaru=, heaven-distant; applied to _hina_, frontier-land, 9, 55, 213.

=amenimasu=, seated in heaven; used with _tsukuyomi wotoko_, God of the moon.

=amoritsuku=, descend-from-heaven-upon; used with _Ame-_ or _Kami-no Kaguyama_ (Mt. Kagu), 33.

=arahikinu=, cleansed vestment; used with name, Torikahi River; _torikahi_ = change (clean for soiled garment).

=arakakino=, rough fence; used with _yoso_, elsewhere, without.

=ararenasu=, hail-like; used with _sochi yori kureba_, as if the hail came from _sochi_, there--a curiously far-fetched application.

=arareutsu=, hail-beaten; used with Arare, place-name.

=arataheno=, coarse or unprepared stuff; used with Fuji (Wistaria, fibres of which made a coarse cloth) as part of place-names, Fujiwi, Fujiye, &c., 13, 14, 21.

=aratamano=, afresh, anew, future?; applied to _toshi_ (years), _tsuki_ (months), _ki-he_, pass on, pass, elapse, 48, 49.

=Arichigata=, place-name; used as sound-quibble with _ari_.

=arikinuno=, fresh or fine garment; used by sound quibble with _arite arite nochi ni mo ahazarame ya mo_; here _arite_ = _ari-ari_ = real existence; with Mihe (place-name, lit. threefold), according to Motowori the ‘three’ refer to outer, inner, and middle garment; with _sawi-sawi_ (_shidzumi_), rustling (of dress against dress), tranquillity; _sawe sawe_, similar sense; with _takara_, treasure, K. xcix.

=Arimasuge=, Arima sedge; sound-quibble with _ari_.

=arisomatsu=, shore pine; used with the homophon _matsu_ (wait), as in _arisomatsu a wo matsu kora_, Oh, the pine by the shore! there the maid pines for me!

=arisonami=, shore-waves; by sound-quibble used with _arite_ for _ari-arite_.

=asagirino=, like morning mist; _-- ohi ni ahimishi_, indistinctly seen as in morning mist. So with _omohi-madohite_, _midaruru kokoro_, heart disordered and distracted with love, 224.

=asahinasu=, like morning sun; _-- maguhashi mo_, as morning sun so bright and lovely.

=asahisashi=, direction towards morning sun; _-- magirahashi mo na_ (confused, dazzled as by rays of morning sun); _-- so-gai ni miyuru_, seen where back turned on rays of morning sun, 222, see Gloss. _sogahi_.

=asahisasu=, morning-sun-impinge; _-- kasuga_ (spring day brilliant as morning-sun).

=asajihara=, reed plain--with _tsubara, tsubara_ (minutely) because of identity in sound (_hara-bara_); with _wonu_, little moor, because of signification; and with _chifu_, place where _chi_ reeds grow, because of identity of _ji_ and _chi_ (voiced).

=asakahono=, like the morning-glory; _-- ho ni ha sakidenu_, burst out in bloom like the m. g.

=asakami no=, morning-hair; _-- omohi-midarete_, thoughts as tangled as morning-hair (after sleep), 60.

=asakasumi=, mist of dawn; _-- yahe yama_, many-fold (as of mists) hills; _-- kabi_ (fire to decoy deer or chase mosquitoes as seen on misty mornings); _-- honoka_, dimly as in mist (or _kabi_ (_kahi_) may = _kirahi_, be misty).

=asamoyoshi=, like hempen vestment, smock; _-- ki_ (homophon of _ki_, put on, don), 24, 57, 183, 213.

=asashimono=, like morning hoar frost; _-- kenaba kenu gani_; _-- ke yasuki inochi_; _kenubeku no miya_, as passing, evanescent, as hoar-frost.

=asatorino=, morning birds; _-- kayohasu kimi_, my lord passing early as morning birds fly; _-- ne nomi nakitsutu_, while filling the air with cries like morning birds.

=asatsuyuno=, like morning dew; used as _asashimono_.

=ashibinasu=, like _ashibi_, flowerage; _-- sakayeshi kimi_ (my lord brilliant as bloom of Ashibi, Andromeda sp.).

=ashigachiru=, reed-scatter; applied to Naniha as a reedy place.

=ashiharano=, reed-plain, used with Yamato or Midzuho no kuni, 133, 147, 227.

=ashihikino=, a difficult word, one meaning assigned is _ashi-hiki_, foot-dragging (wearisome), another is _ashi-hiki-ki_, an enclosure (defence work), reached with toil (steep, &c.), another _ikashi-hi-ki_, flourishing _hi_ (Chamaecyparis) trees--the Kogi seems to accept the last. Applied to _yama_ (hill), _wonohe_ (top of a hill), _yatsuwo_ (_yama tsu wo_, hill-top), _ko no ma_ (clump of trees), _ihane_ (rocky peak), _arashi_ (mountain wind), _wotemokonomo_ (this and that hill slope), 49, 50.

=Ashihoyama=, name of a hill in Hitachi; applied by sound-quibble to _ashigaru_, reed-_karu_ (sort of mallard?).

=ashikabino=, plumy-reed-top-like; _-- a nayamu_ or _ana yamu_, bending, or feeble, like reed-top.

=ashikakino=, reed-hedge or fence; _-- furinishi sato_, (ancient home); _-- omohi-midare_ (thoughts tangled as reeds in hedge); _-- hoka_ (outside), the fence being limit between interior and exterior of the compound, 123, 155, 240.

=ashinoneno=, like root of reed; applied by sound-quibble to _nemokoro_, earnest, _ne_, as homophon, meaning root.

=ashinoure= = _ashikabi no_.

=ashitadzuno=, like reed-birds; _-- ne nomi shi nakayu_ (screaming like reed-birds); _-- ana tadzutadzushi_, oh how uncertain (is this road--as in the dark), here as sound-quibble.

=atekawoshi= (_ajikawoshi_ = _ajikayoshi_, the meaning of _ajika_ unknown); by sound-quibble applied to Chika no saki (place-name).

=awayukino=, like foam and snow; used with _kihe_ (_ke_), pass away, vanish, or with words connoting evanescence.

=awohatano=, like a green banner; perhaps a corruption of _aya hata_, pattern-stuff banner; used with Kadzuraki (place-name); _-- kadzura_, chaplet,--and with Osaka (little pass), name of a hill, _osaka_ being compared with _osoki_ (_osohi-ki_), outer vestment (_uhagi_), 55, 190.

=awokumono=, like dark cloud or clouds, regarded as made up of piled _white_ clouds; hence used with _shiro_ white, also with _ideko_, come forth (as a cloud does); _-- ideko_, 186; _wagimo_, come forth as the piled clouds; come forth, my love!

=awomidzura=, a much disputed word; _midzura_ may be _kami tsura_, parted hair, and _awo midzura_, a chaplet of green spray (Kadzura, &c). It is used with the place-name Yosami no hara (probably Plain of cold nights), _yosami_ being taken as _yose-ami_, woven together (as the chaplet would be).

=awoniyoshi= (a much disputed word), used only with Nara--_yoshi_ is exclamative, _yo shi_. The characters employed mean ‘green earth’--(or ‘fine earth’?).--Nara is connected with _narasu_, to make level, so _awoniyoshi Nara no miyako_ might mean the Capital (or Palace), erected on well-levelled fine ground, _-- narasu_ or _fumi-narasu_, trample level; see also K. lviii, 7, 9, 15, 24, 137. Nara also means ‘oak-tree’ and the m. k. might refer to its greenery.

=awoyagino=, like green willow sprays; used with place-name Kadzuraki (Kadzura = Chaplet); also with Hararo (name of river), by sound-quibble with _haru_, stretch up (as the young willow shoot does rapidly); also with _mayone_, as in _-- kuhashi mayone_, eyebrows (of girl), beautiful as the bending willow spray. It is also used with _ito_, thread, with allusion to the slender drooping branches.

=chichinomino=, like the fruit of the maidenhair tree; used by sound-quibble with _chichi_ (father), 262.

=chidorinaku=, where dotterels cry; used as descriptive m. k. _of_ rivers, as Saho and Yoshinu.

=chihayaburu=, thousand-rock-smashing, or thousand-swift-brandishing; with _Kami_ (god); Uji (name of ferry--the application is obscure, possibly through _uji_, clan or family); Kane (name of headland), as a place where the waves beat roughly on the rocks, 24, 59, 204, 225, 263; _chi_ may also = _te_, handle, hilt.

=chihayahito=, much the same application as _chihayaburu_, q.v.

=chirihijino=, like dust and dirt; m. k. of _kadzu ni mo aranu_, of no account, i.e. mankind.

=fujikoromo=, vestment made of cloth of Wistaria fibre; m. k. of _ma_, _tohoku_ (here used as = coarse-meshed, coarse-woven); of _naru_ = _nareru_, be accustomed to (wear).

=fujinamino=, a wave or festoon of Wistaria blossom; m. k. of _omohi matsuhari_, love-enveloped as by a mass of Wistaria flowers.

=fukamiruno=, like deep-sea weed (Codium sp.?); m. k. by sound-quibble with _fuka_ (deep); with _mi_, _miru_ (see), in compounds chiefly, 17, 172, 173.

=funehatsuru=, where a ship ends voyage at; m. k. of Tsushima in Korean straits.

=furukoromo=, old soiled garment; after cleansing it was beaten (_mata uchi_); hence used as m. k. of Matsuchi (hill-name); also of _utsu_ in _utsuteshi_ (_uchi-suteshi_), 89.

=furuyukino=, like falling snow; m. k. of _ke_ (pass away, vanish); of _shirokami_ (white hairs); by sound-quibble of _yuki_ (go); of _ke_, _kihe_ (elapse); _shiki_ (spread); _ichishiroku_ (conspicuous).

=fuseyataki=, burning down a hut; m. k. of _susushi_, sooty, 125.

=fusumachiwo=, draw a coverlet or rug over one?; hence m. k. of _hiku_ (draw); in Hikite (hill-name), _chi_, perhaps = _te_.

=fuyukomori=, winter-prisoned; m. k. of _haru_, spring, 6, 24, 43.

=hafukuzuno=, like creeping _kuzu_ (Pueraria); applied to what is interminable, indefinitely long, 46.

=hafutsutano=, like creeping ivy; hard to strip off, so applied to _wakaru_, separate, part (one from another), 123, 166.

=hahasobano=, lit. like _hahaso_, oak (or leaf thereof). _Hahaso_ is Quercus dentata. But by sound-quibble it is used as m. k. of _haha_, mother (or _haha-soba_, mother’s side).

=hahomameno=, like _hahomame_ (?); used with _karamuru kimi_, my lord whom I embrace (_hahomame_ must be a leguminous? creeper of some sort, as its name indicates).

=hamahisaki=, lit. shore Catalpa, but not identified. There is a _hamahisakaki_ (Eurya chinensis). Used, by sound-quibble, with _hisashiku_, for a long time.

=hamasudori=, shore-birds, wild duck, goose, &c., which waddle about as though lame; hence used with _ana yumu_ = _ana yamu_ = foot-waddle (_ashi nayamu_?).

=hanachirafu= (_hanachiru_), scattering and falling of blossoms; used with _aki_ (autumn); with _kono_ (_ko_ taken as = _ki_, tree), _muka tsu wo_, these ridges opposite (where the tree blossoms are falling?); reference to a peak in Ômi called Wonanowo.

=hanaguhashi=, florescence-fine; m. k. of _ashi_ in _ashigaki_, reed-fence.

=hanakatsumi=, like victorious flower, a kind of iris (_Kamayama ayame_?); used with _katsute mo shiranu_, never known before, beyond anything known.

=hanezuirono=, like _hanezu_ colour (red); m. k. of _utsurofu_, change, fade.

=haruhanano=, spring blossoms; m. k. of _tafutoki_ (splendid), _utsurohi_ (fade, change), _iya medzurashi_ (more and more beautiful), _nihohe_ (flourish), _sakari_ (blossom).

=haruhiwo=, a spring day (or sun); used with _kasuga_, a spring day (_kasumi ka_, misty day), 41, 92.

=harukasumi=, spring mist; m. k. of _kasuga_ (spring day); used with _wi_ (well), as homophon of _wi_, rest, hover (as mists do); with _obo ni shi ’mohaba_, if I think indistinctly.

=harukazeno=, like winds in spring; with _oto_ (murmur of the winds).

=harukusano=, like spring plants; m. k. of _medzurashi_ (beautiful); _shigeki_ (abundant).

=harukusawo=, spring grass; used with _uma kahi_, horse-feed.

=harutorino=, like birds in spring; used with _samayohi_ (wander hither and thither); _kowe no samayohi_ (cry heard in all directions); _-- ne naki_ (cry and scream), 24.

=haruyamano=, like hills of spring; in which the leaves of the trees in spring being young droop; m. k. of _shinahi_ (bend, droop); of _obo_, indistinct, alluding to thick foliage and mists of spring.

=haruyanagi=, spring-willow; applied to _kadzura_, which is compared with the long drooping thready willow-spray showing its florescence in spring-time?

=hashimukafu=, vis-a-vis, like chopsticks; so brothers may be said to stand; or mutually affectionate (_hashi_), as brothers ought to be; m. k. of _oto_, younger brother, 123.

=hashitateno=, like a ladder, m. k. of _kura_ (storehouse), in composition or simply as sound-quibble; of _kumaki_ for _kumiki_, timber put together for house-building (some say _kumaki_ is bear-palisade (to keep out bears)); of _sakashiki_ (steep).

=hatsuhanano=, like opening first blossom; used with _haru_ (spring); _chiru_ (wither and fall).

=hatasusuki=, a tall plumy swaying reed, Miscanthus sinensis; applied to things conspicuous, as blossoming, blooming, flourishing, or to a top or upper bloom (_ura_, _ure_), or to words containing above by composition, quibble-wise, or otherwise.

=hayakahano=, like swift stream; used with _yukuhe mo shirazu_ (unknowing future course), 157.

=hikarukami= (written dazzling god), lightning; used by word-quibble with _Narihata wotome_, the girl Narihata (_nari_ = thunder,--_nari hatataku_, roll of thunder).

=hikuamino=, like drawing-net; also error for _nihotori_; used with _nadzusahi komu_ (will come swimming or floating).

=himokagami=, m. k. of Notoka (hill-name). The explanation given is that _himo_ is the cord by which the _kagami_ (mirror) was hung up, and _notoka_, a corruption of _na toki_, do not unfasten (because my lover is coming), _kimi kimaseru ni himo akezu namu_.

=himonowono=, the cord or girdle that ties a vestment; as a m. k. of _kokoro_, the allusion is to the tying of knots in such fastenings by lovers to mark fidelity; of _itsugari-ahite_, as meaning leading in the bonds of love.

=hinakumori=, either _hi no kumori_ (clouded sun) or _hita kugumoru_, quite overclouded; the light then becomes _usui_ (thin or dim)--to _usui_ the m. k. is applied.

=hinomotono=, sun-source; m. k. of Yamato. [Is this m. k. a translation of _Nihon_ or the reverse?]

=hisakatano=. A difficult word, variously written. It may mean a long time or long ago, sunshine-source (Br.), gourd-shaped (inversely-concave, _hisaokata_). A m. k. of _ame_ (heaven); _ame_ (rain), _tsuki_ (moon); Miyako (City-Royal--the heavenly place, as residence of Mikado). See 22, 24, 25, 32, 34, 42, 45, 51, 62, 68.

=hotarunasu=, like firefly; m. k. of _honoka_, dim (fireflies being visible enough, but in their quick motion indistinct), 196.

=hototogisu=, cuckoo-bird; m. k. of Tobata (name of a bay), _tobu hata_ (fly-flag); of _hotohoto_ (noise of knocking--at door by or of mistress), as sound-quibble.

=ihabashino=, stepping-stones-like; used with _chikaki_ (near--as stepping-stones are close together); also _tohoki naku_, not distant, or rocks connected by slight bridges.

=ihabashiru=, swirl among rocks; used with Tarumi, place-name (descending water); _tagi_ (cascade or rapids); Afumi (_aha-umi_, foam-water), or Lake Ômi (Biwa); Kamunabi (_kami-nari-buri_), thunder = noise of falling water, 9, 13, 134.

=ihafuchino=, like pool (of river), rock-enclosed; used with _komori_, seclude, enclose.

=ihahonasu=, rock- or cliff-like; used with _tokiha_, everlasting, comp. everlasting hills.

=ihahosuge=, rock-growing sedge; used with _ne_ (root), of _nemokoro_ (earnestly), a word-play.

=ihakuyeno=, rock-crumbling; through similarity of sound with _kuyu_ (_koyu_), cross.

=ihatsutano=, rock-rope (= _ihatsuta_, rock-creeping ivy); ivy grows quickly where stripped off, hence used with phrases like _mata wochi kaheri_ (_waka-kaheri_), become young again.

=ihawitsura= (_suberi-hiyu_), Portulaca oleracea, L.; used with _hikaba nurunuru_ or _nuretsutsu_, implying sense of gently, smoothly, or slippery?

=ihetsutori=, house bird: used with _kake_ (lit. crow), cock.

=ihohenami=, 500, i.e. countless waves; applied to _tachi-wi_, rise and fall, or rise and rest as the waves are eternally doing.

=imehitono=, archer-men; with _Fushimi_ (pl. n.), _fushi_ = crouch to watch for game.

=imetachite=, where archers stand; used with Tomi no Woka (place-name); _tomi_ = trail-trackers.

=imogahimo=, my love’s girdle or cord; with _yufu_, tie up; _toku_, untie; _musubu_, fasten.

=imogaihe= (=ni=), to my love’s home; used with _iku_ (_yuku_), to go, of Ikuri no mori (Shrine of Ikuri).

=imogakado=, my love’s doorway or home; with _iri_, enter, _idzu_, go forth from, or their combinations.

=imogakami=, my love’s hair; with _age_, lift up (to knot), in Agesasabanu, Moor of Agesasaba.

=imogakeru=, by my love worn; to _mikasa_ (fine hat), of Mikasa Hill (pl. n.).

=imogamewo=, my love’s eye; with _mi-somu_, fall in love; Tomi no saki (Cape Tomi, _mi_ = see); Mimakuhoriye (pl. n.), _mimakuhori_, desire to see and love.

=imogarito=, or _imoragari_ (_imo ga ari_), towards where my love is; with _ima_ (now, or place where), as in Imaki (Peak); with Ikoma (Hill)--Ikoma = _yuku_ (_iku_) _koma_.

=imogasode=, my love’s sleeve; with _maki_, roll up, of Makimuku Hill.

=imogatewo=, my love’s hand; with _tori_ (take), _toru_ or _toro_; Toroshi no ike, Pool of Toroshi.

=inamushiro=, rice-straw matting; used as _kaha_ (skin employed also as mat); with _kake_ and _shiku_, apply, spread, by quibble with _kaha_, stream, 102.

=inanomeno=, the word means daybreak (not-sleep-eye); applied to _ake_, open, break as dawn; another explanation is, _ina no me_ (_ina_--rice-plant--_no mure_) _no_, _ake_ is then confounded with _aku akaramu_, grow ruddy, ripe, and an involved word-play results.

=inuzhimono=, dog-like; _-- michi ni fushite_, lying down (dying), like a dog by the roadside.

=irihinasu=, like the setting sun; with _kakuru_, hide, withdraw, 28, 50.

=isanatori=, whale-catching; used with _umi_ (sea) _hama_ (shore); _nada_--open sea--Hijiki no nada; Afumi no umi (Lake Ômi or Biwa) by extension, 16, 19, 30, 40, 78, 193.

=Isayagaha=, a river-name; used with reference to the interjection _isa!_

=isokahino=, like shore-shells; used with _kata_ (unpaired as in _kata kohi_, solitary love, because one of the pair parted from the other); probably the shell meant was a bivalve, one valve = _kata_. The simile is found in English poetry.

=isomatsu= (Statice arbuscula, Max.); used with _tsune_ (always), _matsu_ (pine) indicating length of time.

=Isonokami=, a tract in Yamato where a place existed named Furu, which may mean, old, or to pour down (as rain); hence Isonokami is used as a m. k. of _furu_, 45.

=iyukiahino=, where men climb and meet from either side; as a hill-pass.

=iyushishino=, arrow-shot or wounded deer; with _kokoro wo itami_, grieve my heart; _-- yuki mo shinamu_, like stricken hart go on to die.

=kadzunokino= (_kaji noki_, Broussonetia papyrifera); applied with sound-quibble to _wa wo kadzusane_ = _ware wo kadohashi wite yukane_ (_kadohashi-gataku_); _kadohashi_ = _kadowakashi_, abduct, kidnap.

=kadzuragake= = _hikage_ (Lycopodium clavatum)--club-moss (used in ritual?), hence a praise-word applied to _kimi_ (lord), _kuhashi_ (comely).

=kahadzunaku=, frog-croak; used with waters, _idzumi_ (source), _kaha_ (stream).

=kahayagino= (_kahayanagi_), river-willow; used with _ne_ (homophonous with _ne_, root) of _nemokoro_ (_nengoro_), earnestly.

=kagaminasu=, mirror-like; applied to _miru_ (see) and _mi_ in compounds and place-names; to _imo_ (my love), to _tsuma_ (spouse)--in both cases = precious, a mirror being regarded as a treasure; to the phrase _kaku shi tsune mimu_, thus ever indeed to see, with allusion to the mirror constantly kept (_kaku_) by the bed-place, 26, 55.

=kagirohino= (_kagerohi_?), a difficult word. Often written as if meaning _seirei_ or _tombo_ (dragon-fly), it is probably a lengthened form of _kageru_, shine, glitter. Used with _yufu_ (evening--the glow at and after sunset?); _iha_, rock which sparkles when struck; _honoka_, dim, by reference probably to _ho_, flame; _haru_, spring--when the air is fresh, clear and glittering; _kokoro moyetsutsu_, glow of heart; _hi_, flame, sun; _tada hito me_ (just a glance, here the m. k. may have reference to what is seen dimly?), 12, 28, 92, 123.

=kajinootono=, sound or splash of oar: used with _tsubaratsubara ni_, clearly, distinctly.

=kakihonasu=; see 120, 125--fence-like, not in Kogi list.

=kakikazofu=, count over as 1, 2, 3, &c.; used with _futa_, two, in Futakami yama, Twain-gods (or Twain Peak) Hill, 223.

=kakikoyuru=, cross over or through the house-fence; used with _inu_, dog, a somewhat meaningless m. k.

=kakitsubata=, camellia; used with _nidzurafu_, be ruddy, _saku_, bloom.

=kakozhimono=, deer’s-young-like; used with _hitori_, one, unique, 119.

=kamozhimono=, wild-duck-like; applied to _uki_, float.

=kamukaze=, god-wind; used with Ise where the chief gods have their seat, 172.

=karakaji=, this may be Chinese or Korean _kaji_, oar, scull or steer-oar, used with _oto takashi mo na_, loud is the sound (i.e. as that made by the splash of the scull or creak of oar).

=karakoromo=, Kara (China or Korea), garment, robe; used with _ki_ (put on) in Kinara, _tatsu_ (cut out clothes) in Tatsuta, _suso_ (hem) combined with _ahazu_--not meeting (as parts of vestment). The use may be by way of quibble.

=kariganeno= (_kari_?), white-fronted wild-goose, also cry of same. Its application to _kitsugi_ (84) is not quite clear, perhaps it refers to the regularity of going to see the cherry blossoms with one’s comrades being like the regularity with which the wild-geese return in spring-time.

=karikomono=, like cut rushes; used with _midaru_, confused, disordered; with _shinu_ as in _kokoro mo shinu_, the heart yields, becomes weak, &c.

=kashinomino=, like acorn which is single always, never double or triple as chestnut; applied to _hitori_, one, unique, 106.

=kasumitatsu=, mist-rising; applied to Kasuga (pl. n.), which however is written _haru no hi_, spring day, 4, 9, 33.

=katamohino=, like lidless bowl; love deep as the bowl or jar.

=kazenotono=, wind-sound; as heard from afar; applied to my love far from me.

=kekoromono=, fur or feather vestment; used with _haru_ (spring). Such vestments were worn when hunting, &c., used as m. k. of _asu_, morrow, morning, _kefukefu to_, to-day to-day.

=kimigaiheni=, in my lord’s house; _-- aga sumi-saka no_, where _sumi_ written ‘black’, but homophonously to be understood as ‘dwell’, is introduced by a kind of prefatial quibble--wherein I dwell, as in my lord’s house.

=kimigakeru=, what my lord wears; used with Mikasa yama (hill-name), like _kimi ga sasu_ in the _Kokinshiu_; _mikasa_ means my lord’s hat--so written, in the hill-name it has, probably, a different meaning.

=kimomukafu=, opposite liver or bowels; used with _kokoro_, heart, as chief of the inner organs. Perhaps simply in front of the inner organs, 17, 120.

=komatsurugi=, Koma or straight sword; Koma was one of the four Korean kingdoms. The sword had a ring, _wa_, at the end of the hilt, hence the application of the m. k. to _wa_, in Wazami no hara, Wazami Moor; to _wa ga kokoro_ (my heart) as sound-quibble, 24.

=komomakura=, _komo_ is a kind of rush (also sea-grass, Zostera), a pillow made of such. Used with _ahimakishi_ (rolled up); with _taka_ confused with _taku_ = _maki-tsukanu_.

=komorikuno=, enclosed (by hills)--applied to Hatsuse (pl. n.), 12, 15, 45, 179.

=komorinuno= (_numa_), a pond or marsh enclosed and hidden (by reeds); used with _shita_, under, lower; with _mizu_, not-see, 125.

=komotatami=, _komo_, (rush) matting; applied to Heguri (pl. n.), _he_ taken as = fold or thickness. _Heguri no aso_ in the Manyôshiu seems to mean a fish, _tachi-uwo_ (Trichiurus lepturus?).

=konokureno=, tree-dark, as when foliage becomes abundant in fourth month, _u no tsuki_, hence used with _u_ (_tsuki_), also with _shigeki_, crowded abundant; _-- shigeki omohi_, crowded thoughts, 245.

=koragatewo=, a girl’s hand, or arm, or sleeve; applied to Makimuku (hill-name), _maki_ read as = hold, enfold.

=koromote=, sleeve of a garment; used with Hitachi (province), _hita_ or _hida_ being the folds of a sleeve. Other applications exist, but their value is uncertain. Such are Tanaga (hill-name), _ta_ = arm; _nagi_, cast away, or mow (the arm being used)?

=koromotewo=, sleeve of a dress; used with Takaya (pl. n.), from similarity of _taka_ with _taguru_, to haul, pull with arm; with _wori-tamu_ (_wori-tamotohoru_, wander about), _wori-tamoto_ = roll back sleeve; with _ashige no uma_, reed-grey horse, the peculiar etymology of which is that _ashige_ may be read as a corruption of _osoki_ = _uhagi_ = outer dress, which of course would have a sleeve! 110, 157.

=kotohiushino= (_kotohi_), a great bull; used with Miyake no ura (Bay of M.); _miya_ = _mika_ = _mi_ (or _ma_) _ya_, thus _miyake_ = _mika ke_, abundance of hair, as a bull is supposed to have (a Chinese idea; comp. ‘one hair of nine bulls’ as an infinitesimal proportion), 116. But, perhaps, the m. k. only = grand, and _kotohi_, a sacred bull.

=kotosaheku=, mumble, stammer (as a foreigner); applied to _Kara_, _Kudara_, 17, 24.

=kumoriyono=, cloudy or dark night; with _tadoki mo shirazu_ (know not what to do); _madoheru_ (distracted); _shitabahe_ (crouch and creep), 183.

=kumowinasu=, like a cloud; used with _tohoku_ (distant); with _isayohi_ (hesitating, like cloud uncertain which way it will drift); _-- kokoro mo shinu ni_ (the heart yielding as a cloud drifts), 41, 222.

=kurenawino=, red, a deep red; used with _iro_ (colour); _-- utsushi kokoro_, show feeling by change of colour? 64, 106, 216.

=kusakageno=, grass-shade; applied to Arawi Cape, but the use here is not understood. Ara-wi is raw rush of some sort. Its use with _anu_ is equally unclear. (In I. an explanation is given connected with the withering (_aru_) of vegetation under the shadow of tall grasses or herbs.)

=kusamakura=, grass pillow, pillow of herbs, while on a journey often the only available one; used with _tabi_, journey, also with _tago_ for _hatago_, a basket to hold food for a journey, 1, 4, 12, 23, 40, 49.

=kushiromaku=, armlet-wind; used with Tafushi (hill-name)--_ta_ read homophonously as arm.

=kuzunoneno=, root of Pueraria; with _naga_, long.

=makanamochi= (=te=), with a true _kana_ (shaping or scraping-tool); m. k. of _yuge nokahara_, _yuge_ = _yumi kedzuru_, shape or scrape into bow-shape, scrape bow.

=makanefuku=, true metal (iron) smelt; descriptive epithet of Nifu (pl. n.).

=makibashira=, pillars of _maki_ (right-word, _hi no ki_, Chamaecyparis obtusa?); applied to _futoki_ (stout), _futoki kokoro_, stout heart.

=makinotatsu=, see makitatsu.

=makisaku=, split _maki_ into planks for building; applied to _hi [no tsumade]_ Chamaecyparis timber, 13.

=makitatsu=, where _maki_ trees grow; epithet of _arayama_, wild hills, 12.

=makitsumu=, heaping _maki_ timber; as to float down Idzumi River, hence m. k. of that river.

=makomokaru=, fine-komo (rush)-reap; epithet of Ohonu River.

=makuradzuku=, put pillows close together; epithet of _tsumaya_, spousal pavilion, 28, 236.

=makusakaru=, where-fine-grass-cut; the fine-grass is _susuki_, Miscanthus sinensis; epithet of Aranu (name of a moor--wild-moor).

=makuzuhafu=, where-fine-_kuzu_-creeps--_kusu_ is Pueraria Thunbergiana, Benth., a leguminous trailing plant; descriptive epithet of Kasuga Hill and Wonu Moor, 84.

=managotsuchi.= There is a place called Manago ura. The m. k. is written ‘beloved-child’, and is used by sound-quibble in _Managotsuchi manaho ni shite_, where _manaho_, &c. = right, truly, just. In _managotsuchi manaku tokinashi aga kofuraku ha_, _manago_ may be = _masago_, and the whole mean, my love is so unceasing, that not even the interval of a grain of sand is to be found in its continuity. Probably _managotsuchi_ = simply sandy soil.

=mashimidzuno=, pure cold water; applied to _kokoro mo keya ni_, unsullied the heart.

=masokagami=, perfect-mirror, i.e. perfectly polished, used with words of seeing, shining, polishing, hanging up, &c., 32, 59.

=masugeyoshi=, where-right-sedge-good; epithet of Soga no kahara (dry part of a river-bed).

=masurawono= (_ma-arashi-wo_), [or _ma-so-_], right-fierce-man, warrior; applied to Tayuhi ga ura (Bay of Tayuhi)--_ta_ is written, hand or arm, the m. k. implies strength, 40, 52, 64, 216.

=matamadeno=, a sort of m. k., like fine arms; see 102.

=matamadzura=, fine-creeper, i.e. _sanekadzura_ (Kadzura japonica); conf. _sanekadzura_, applied to what is not likely to end, as _tayemu no kokoro aga ’mohanaku ni_ = will my heart cease to love--no!

=matamanasu=, like true-jewel; applied to _aga ’mofu imo_, my mistress whom I love.

=matamiruno=, a sort of sea-weed (Codium?); chiefly used by sound-quibble--as with _mata yukikaheri_ again go and come. _Mata_ means ‘forked’, also ‘again’, 172.

=matorisumu=, where the true-bird dwelleth, i.e. _washi_, the eagle; used with Unade no mori (the grove of Unade)--_Unade_ is written cloud-ladder which may give a clue to the meaning of the m. k. The Kogi rather applies it to _mori_ (_mamori_).

=Matsuchiyama=, a hill-name; it seems to involve merely a sound-quibble with _moto tsu hito_ (written, men of old) and _matsuramu imo_ (my love who will await me, or whom I await).

=matsugaheri=, a difficult word of which several more or less futile explanations are given. Here is one more. The m. k. is used with _shihite_, compellingly, &c., may it not mean, as certainly as come round the cycles of the everlasting pine-tree!

=matsuganeno=, pine-tree-root; used with words denoting length of time or space; also endlessness, as with _tayuru koto naku_, ceasing is-not. The use of the m. k. with _kimi ga kokoro_ is not explained--is it with _kokoro_ as = _ki_(_ko_) _koru_, fell timber, 47, 257.

=matsukaheno=, like pine and yew (Torreya nucifera, S. et Z.), or, oak, sp.; epithet applied to words of enduring and flourishing, as to _sakaye_ (bloom).

=mayobikino=, like (my love’s) painted eyebrows (or the false ones on forehead above the true ones shaved off?); applied to Yokoyama (hill-name) by the poet who sees the mountain’s regular form in the distance.

=mawogomono=, true-small-rush-like; applied to _fu nomi chikakute_ in a _tanka_ where the sense seems to be ‘as close as the rushes in fence wattled with them’.

=midzukakino=, written water-fence, but the meaning is shining, i.e. fine fence; used with _hisashiki_, ‘for a long time’, because in Midzukaki no Miya dwelt the Mikado Suzhin, and it was hoped the _miya_ might long endure--that is the reign, the two being regarded as conterminous.

=midzukukino=, like shining stem; applied to _woka_ (knoll), _woka_ being taken as a corruption of _waka_, young; and by sound-quibble to Midzuki (pl. n.).

=midzutade=, water-pepper = _tade_, perhaps _midzu_ = here fine bright, not water; m. k. of Hodzumi (pl. n.), written, ear (in grain) pluck, fruit-pluck. Midzutade is Polygonum flaccidum, Roxb.--the growing fruit was--perhaps is--eaten.

=midzutamaru=, water-collect; epithet of _ike_ (pool);--Ikeda (pl. n.), 134.

=midzutorino=, water-fowl; m. k. of _kamo_ (wild duck), &c., also of _ukine_ (sleep afloat like water-fowl); of _awoha_ (grey wings), part of Awoha no yama; of _tatsu_ (rise, start in flight).

=midzutsutafu=, skirt the water; epithet of shore, beach, _iso_.

=mihakashiwo=, what the sovran girds on; as a _tsurugi_ (straight Chinese sword), so used with Tsurugi no Ike (name of a pool).

=mikamononasu=, like water wildfowl; applied to _futari-narabi-wi_ (two being together, as two lovers), like water-fowl (pairing), 50.

=mikemukafu=, offering sovran’s food; m. k. of _ki_ (_saké_), homophon of _ki_ (tree, or more probably ‘fort’) in Kinohe (or _kinohe_ = a cup of _saké_); so of _aha_, millet (Ahaji island), _aji_ (wild-fowl), _mina_, shellfish (Minafuchi--more correctly = _midzu no fuchi_), or _mi_ (flesh), 26, 83.

=mikokorowo=, the sovran’s heart; m. k. of Yoshinu, _mi kokoro wo yoshi_ = delighteth the sovran’s heart (soul), 10.

=mikomokaru= (_mi_ = _ma_), right-sedge-cut; m. k. of Shinano province. The Kogi imagines a connexion by reading Shinano, _shina nu[ma]_, explaining _shina_ as _ura_, within, interior or back of--i.e. land with (sedgy) lakes in its interior.

=mikushigeno=, like the fine comb-box; applied to Futakami Hill; _futa_, lid, is homophon of Futa [kami], twain gods.

=mimorotsuku=, _mimoro_ may mean sacred dwelling or shrine (on Kase Hill), or may be written erroneously for _umi wo_, spool of hemp-yarn; _kase_ being a spindle. The m. k. is used with _Kaseyama_. _Tsuku_ would be _tsukuru_, construct, or _tsuku_, employ (the spindle); other explanations exist. To Miwa it is applied, taking Miwa as _miwaku_, a boiling spring, and therefore as sacred.

=minahanasu=, like foam of water; m. k. of _moroki inochi_ (brittle, i.e. impermanent life of men).

=minanowata=, pulp of Mina shell (Melania sp.); because of its blackness used as m. k. of _ka-guroki-kami_, jetty tresses, 64, 168.

=minasegaha=, _mi-na(ki)-se-kaha_, waterless stream; _kohi ni mo so hito ha shinisuru minasegaha shita yu are yasu tsuki ni hi ni keni_, I die of love, as a stream without water I pass on and perish month by month, day by day (as the stream with too little water from its source does).

=minashigaha=; see above.

=mirunogoto=, like _miru_, seaweed; m. k. of _wawake_, rags, tatters.

=misagowiru=, where fine-sand is; m. k. of _iso_ (beach), _su_ (shoal or sandy shore), _ariso_ (wild-beach).

=misorayuku=, fine-air-traverse; m. k. of _tsuki_ (moon); _kumo_ (cloud).