Chapter VI: Introduction: Short Grammar of Old Japanese (3)

57

Zhimuki (Jinki) hazhime no toshi kinoye ne kaminadzuki Ki no kuni ni idemaseru toki mi-tomo no hito ni okuramu tame wotome ni atsuraherayete Kasa no Asomi Kanamura ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Ohokimi no 1
idemashi no ma ni
mononofuno
yaso tomo no wo to
ide-yukishi 5
utsukushi tsuma ha
amatobuya
Karu no michi yori
tamatasuki
Unebi wo mitsutsu 10
asamoyoshi
Ki-ji ni iritachi
Matsuchi yama
koyuramu kimi ha
momiji-ba no 15
chiri-tobu mitsutsu
shitashikeku
a wo ba omohazu
kusamakura
tabi wo yoroshi to 20
omohitsutsu
kimi ha aramu to
asoso ni ha
katsu ha shiredomo
shikasu ga ni 25
moda mo ye araneba
aga ’seko ga
yuki no ma ni ma ni
ohamu to ha
chi tabi omohedomo 30
tawayame no
aga mi ni shi areba
michi-mori no
tohamu kotahe wo
ihi-yaramu 35
sube wo shirani to
tachite tsumadzuku!

12 _Ki-ji_ = _Kii no michi_.

17, 18 Read _a wo ba shitashikeku omohazu_.

23 _asoso_ or _azoso_ = _usu-usu_ = _wadzukani_--_asoso ni ha shire … katsu ha_ … but the text here appears corrupt.

For _mononofuno_, _amatobuya_, _tamatasuki_, _asamoyoshi_, _kusamakura_ see List m. k.

58

Futatose to ifu toshi (Zhimuki = Jinki) kinoto no ushi yayohi Mika no hara no totsumiya idemaseru toki wotome wo yete Kanamura ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Mika no hara 1
tabi no yadori ni
tamahokono
michi no yukiahi ni
amakumono 5
yoso nomi mitsutsu
koto-tohamu
yoshi no nakereba
kokoro nomi
muse-tsutsu aru ni 10
ame tsuchi no
kami koto-yosete
shikitaheno
koromo-de kahete
ono tsuma to 15
tanomeru ko-yohi
aki no yo no
momo yo no nagaku
arikosenu ka mo.

Amakumo no 1
yoso ni mishi yori
wagimoko ni
kokoro mo mi sahe
yori nishi mono wo. 5

12 _kotoyoseru_ strictly means to pretend, but I take it as involving a committal (of the lover’s fortunes) to the gods.

19 _ari koso ne_ (_kibô no kotoba_), Oh, that it might or may be so!

For _tamahokono_, _amakumono_, _shikitaheno_ see List m. k.

59

Sakanohe no Iratsume ga urami no uta hitotsu.

Oshiteru 1
Naniha no suge no
nemokoro ni
kimi ga kikoshite
toshi fukaku 5
nagaku shi iheba
masokagami
togishi kokoro wo
yurushiteshi
sono hi no kihami 10
nami no muta
nabiku tamamo no
ka ni kaku ni
kokoro ha motazu
ohobuneno 15
tanomeru toki ni
chihayaburu
kami ya sakekemu
utsusemino
hito ka safuramu 20
kayohashishi
kimi mo kimasazu
tamadzusano
tsukahi mo miyezu
narinureba 25
ita mo sube nami
nubatamano
yoru ha sugara ni
akarabiku
hi mo kururu made 30
nagekedomo
shirushi wo nami
omohedomo
ta-dzuki wo shirani
tawayame to 35
ihaku mo shiruku
tawarahano
ne nomi nakitsutsu
tamotohori
kimi ga tsukahi wo 40
machi ya kanetemu.

1, 2 Introductory to _nemokoro_.

4 _kikoshite_ = _notamahite_.

12 This line serves as m. k. to the next.

13 swerving neither this nor that way.

29 _akarabiku_, the _ra_ is of unknown value, perhaps = _akarashiki wo hiku_, lead in earliest dawn.

For _oshiteru_, _masokagami_, _ohobuneno_, _chihayaburu_, _utsusemino_, _tamadzusano_, _nubatamano_, _akarabiku_, _tawarahano_ see List m. k.

MAKI IV, SHIMO

60

Sakanohe no Iratsume ga Tomi no todokoro yori ihe ni todomareru musume no Oho Iratsume ni okureru uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta.

Toko-yo ni to 1
aga yukanaku ni
wo-kanato ni
mono kanashirani
omoherishi 5
aga ko no tozhi wo
nubatamano
yoru hiru to ihazu
omofu nishi
aga mi ha yasenu 10
nageku nishi
sode sahe nurenu
kaku bakari
motona shi kohiba
furu sato ni 15
kono tsuki-goro mo
ari katemashi wo.

Asakamino 1
omohi midarete
kaku bakari
nane ga kofure so
ime ni miyekeru. 5

1 though ’tis not as though I went to the Eternal Land, yet on parting with thee at the door overcome with grief was I, &c.

14 as ’tis of no avail to love thee.

17 _ari katemashi wo_ = _ari-katai koto kana!_

4 _nane_ = _nanzhi ane_, a term of endearment and respect.

5 Read _kofureba so nane ga_ &c.

For _nubatamano_, _asakamino_ see List m. k.

MAKI V, KAMI

61

Kanashimi no Yamato-uta hitotsu.

Ohokimi no 1
toho no Mikado to
shiranuhi
Tsukushi no kuni ni
nakukonasu 5
shitahi kimashite
iki dani mo
imada yasumezu
toshi tsuki mo
ikuda mo araneba 10
kokoro yu mo
omohanu ahida ni
uchi-nabiki
koyashinure
ihamu sube 15
semu sube shirani
iha ki wo mo
tohi-sake shirazu
ihe naraba
katachi ha aramu wo 20
urameshiki
imo no mikoto no
are wo ba mo
ika ni seyo to ka
nihotorino 25
futari narabi-wi
katarahishi
kokoro somukite
ihe-zakari imasu.

For _shiranuhi_, _nakukonasu_, _nihotorino_ see List m. k.

62

Madoheru kokoro wo kahesashimuru uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta.

Chichi haha wo 1
mireba tafutoshi
me ko mireba
megushi utsukushi
nogaroyenu 5
haakara ukara
nogaroyenu
oimi itokemi
tomo kaki mo
koto-tohi kahasu 10
yo no naka ha
kaku so kotowari
mochitorino
kakarahashi mo yo
[haya kaha no 15
yuku he shiraneba]
uke-gutsu wo
nukitsuru gotoku
fumi-nukite
yuku chifu hito ha 20
iha ki yori
nariteshi hito ka
na ga na norasane
ame he yukaba
na ga ma ni ma ni 25
tsuchi nareba
ohokimi imasu
kono terasu
hi tsuki no shita ha
amakumono 30
mukafusu kihami
taniguku no
sa-wataru kihami
kikoshiwosu
kuni no mahora so 35
kani kaku ni
hoshiki ma ni ma ni
shika ni ha arazhi ka.

Hisakatano 1
ama-ji ha tohoshi
naho naho ni
ihe ni kaherite
nari wo shimasani. 5

5 Supply _koto_, must not be avoided or shirked.

6, 8, 9, 10 The relations indicated are meant.

15 A sort of proverb.

19 i.e. trampling on the ethical rules (of Confucianism).

22, 23 are heptasyllabic, they conclude the first part of the lay.

23 _nanji ga na wo na-norasane_.

25 _na_ = _nanji_.

35 _mahora, kuni no_ is an emphatic expression for _kuni_, land; _mahora_ seems to mean mountain-secluded, central, or recessed portion of land.

5 _nari_, occupation, duty in life; _shimasani_ = _shimasane_.

For _mochitorino_, _amakumono_, _hisakatano_ see List m. k.

63

Kora wo shinubu uta hitotsu.

Urihameba 1
kodomo omohoyu
kuri hameba
mashite shinubayu
idzuku yori 5
kitarishi mono
manakahi ni
motona kakarite
yasu-i shi nasanu.

shirokane mo 1
kugane mo tama mo
nani semu ni
masareru takara
ko ni shikame ya mo. 5

7 _manakahi_ = _ma na kahi_ = _me no ahida ni sono omokage no musamusa to kakarite_.

64

Yo no naka no todomarigataki wo kanashimeru uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta.

Yo no naka no 1
sube naki mono ha
toshi tsuki ha
nagaruru gotoshi
tori-tsudzuki 5
ohi-kuru mono ha
momokusani
seme-yori-kitaru
wotomera ga
wotome sabi su to 10
Kara tama wo
tamoto ni makashi
shirotaheno
sode furi-kahashi
kurenawino 15
aka mo susobiki
yochi kora to
te tadzusaharite
asobikemu
toki no sakari wo 20
todomi kane
sugushi-yaretsure
minanowata
ka-guroki kami ni
itsu no ma ka 25
shimo no furikemu
ni no ho nasu
omote no
uhe ni
idzuku yu ka 30
shiha kakitarishi
masurawono
wotoko sabi su to
tsurugitachi
koshi ni tori-haki 35
satsu yumi wo
ta-nigiri mochite
aka koma ni
shitsu kura uchi-oki
hahi-norite 40
asobi arukishi
yo no naka ga
tsune ni arikeru
wotomera ga
sa nasu itato wo 45
oshi-hiraki
i-tadori yorite
matamadeno
tama-de sashikahe
sa neshi yo no 50
ikuda mo araneba
ta-tsukadzuwe
koshi ni taganete
kayukeba
hito ni itohaye 55
kaku yukeba
hito ni nikumaye
oyoshiwo ha
kaku nomi narishi
tamakiharu 60
inochi woshikedo
semu sube mo nashi.

Tokihanasu 1
kaku shi mo ka mo
omohedomo
yo no koto nareba
todomi-kanetsu mo. 5

8 _seme_.

10 _sabi_, _shika buri_, wont, wonted art or fashion.

14 _furi-kahashi_, flutter their sleeves together.

17 _yochi_, of like age.

22 pass away.

24 _ka_ is intensitive prefix.

25 at some time or other.

27 _ni no ho_, ruddy-ear (of grain) like.

39 _shitsu kura_, saddle of patterned &c. Japanese stuff.

40 mount and ride.

45 close-shut wooden doors.

47 grope.

49 _tama-de_, fine arms.

52 hand-supporting-staff.

58 = _oyoso_.

1-8 this fleeting world.

9-31 passing character of woman’s charms.

32-62 impermanence of man’s strength and joys.

For _momokusani_, _shirotaheno_, _kurenawino_, _minanowata_, _masurawono_, _matamadeno_, _tamakiharu_, _tokihanasu_, see List m. k.

65

Yamanohe no Omi Okura ga Chinkwai-seki wo yomeru uta hitotsu.

Kakemaku ha 1
aya ni kashikoshi
Tarashi hime
kami no mikoto
Karakuni wo 5
muke-tahiragete
mi-kokoro wo
shidzume-tamafu to
i-torashite
ihahi-tamahishi 10
ma-tama nasu
futatsu no ishi wo
yo no hito ni
shimeshi-tamahite
yorodzu yo ni 15
ihi-tsugu to gane
watanosoko
oki tsu no Fukaye no
unakami no
Kofu no hara ni 20
mi tetsukara
okashi tamahite
kamu nagara
kamu sabi imasu
kushi mitama 25
ima no otsutsu ni
tafutoki ro ka mo!

16 _gane_ = _gani_ = _yô_.

17, 18 Epithetical of _Fuka_(_ye_).

19 _umi no kami_ = _umibe_.

21 her own royal hand.

22 = _oku_.

25 _kushi_, wondrous; _mitama_, _matama_, right precious jewels, or right-soul.

27 _ro_, see grammar.

For _watanosoko_ see List m. k.

MAKI V, SHIMO

66

Tsukushi no michi no kuchi (Chikuzen) no mikoto mochi no kami Yamanohe no Okura ga Kumagori ni kaharite sono kokorozashi wo noburu uta ni tsutsushimite nazorafuru uta mutsu mata zho.

Uchihisasu 1
Miya he noboru to
tarachishino
haha ga te hanare
tsune shiranu 5
kuni no oku-ka wo
momo he yama
koyete sugi-yuki
itsushikamo
miyako wo mimu to 10
omohitsutsu
katarahi woredo
ono ga mi shi
itahashikereba
tamahokono 15
michi no kuma mi ni
kusa ta-wori
shiba tori-shikite
toko-zhi mono
uchi-koi-fushite 20
omohitsutsu
nageki-fuseraku
kuni ni araba
chichi tori-mimashi
ihe ni araba 25
haha tori-mimashi
yo no naka ha
kaku nomi narashi
inu zhi mono
michi ni fushite ya 30
inochi suginamu.

Hito yo ni ha 1
futatabi miyenu
chichi haha wo
okite ya nagaku
aga wakarenamu! 5

16 _mi_ = _mahari_, or tract, vicinity.

For _uchihisasu_, _tarachishino_, _tamahokono_ see List m. k.

67

Hinkiu mondou no uta.

Kaze mazhiri 1
ame furu yo no
ame mazhiri
yuki furu yo ha
sube mo naku 5
samuku shi areba
kata shiho wo
tori-tsudzushirohi
kasu-yu sake
uchi-susurohite 10
shihabukahi
hana bishi bishi ni
shikato aranu
hige kaki-nadete
are wo okite 15
hito ha arazhi to
hokorohedo
samuku shi areba
asa fusuma
hiki kagafuri 20
nuno katakinu
ari no kotogoto
kisohedomo
samuki yo sura wo
ware yori mo 25
madzushiki hito no
chichi haha ha
uwe-samukaramu
me kodomo ha
kohite nakuramu 30
kono toki ha
ika ni shitsutsu ka
na ga yo ha wataru
ametsuchi ha
hiroshi to ihedo 35
aga tame ha
saku ya narinuru
hi-tsuki ha
akashi to ihedo
aga tame ha 40
teri ya tamahanu
hito mina ka
a nomi ya shikaru
wakuraba ni
hito to ha aru wo 45
hitonami ni
are mo tsukuru wo
wata mo naki
nuno katakinu no
miru no goto 50
wawake sagareru
kakafu nomi
kata ni uchi-kake
fuse-iho no
mage iho no uchi ni 55
hita tsuchi ni
wara toki-shikite
chichi haha ha
makura no kata ni
me kodomo ha 60
ato no kata ni
kakumi-wite
urehi samayohi
kamado ni ha
keburi fuki-tatezu 65
koshiki ni ha
kumo no su kakite
ihi-kashiku
koto mo wasurete
nuye tori no 70
nodo yobi woru ni
itonokite
mizhikaki monowo
hashikiru to
iheru ga goto ku 75
shimoto toru
sato wosa ga kowe ha
neya-do made
ki tachi yobahinu
kaku bakari 80
subenaki mono ka
yo no naka no michi.

68

Yamanohe no Okura tonzhiu tsutsushimite tatematsuru [kô-kyo-kôrai] no uta hitotsu.

Kamiyo yori 1
ihitsutekeraku
soramitsu
Yamato no kuni ha
sume kami no 5
itsukushiki kuni
kototama no
sakihafu kuni to
katari-tsugi
ihitsukahikeri 10
ima no yo no
hito mo kotogoto
me no mahe ni
mitari shiritari
hito saha ni 15
michite ha aredomo
takahikaru
hi no mikado
kamu nagara
mede no sakari ni 20
ame no shita
mawoshi-tamahishi
ihe no koto
yerabi-tamahite
ohomikoto 25
itadaki mochite
Morokoshi no
tohoki sakahi ni
tsukahasare
makari-imase 30
unahara no
he ni mo oki ni mo
kamu tsumari
ushi-haki imasu
moromoro no 35
ohomi kami-tachi
funa no he ni
michibiki mawoshi
ametsuchi no
ohomi kami-tachi 40
Yamato no
ohokuni mitama
hisakatano
ama no mi sora yu
ama kakeri 45
mi-watashi-tamahi
koto wohari
kaheramu hi ni ha
mata sara ni
ohomi kami-tachi 50
funa no he ni
mi-te uchi kakete
sumi-naha wo
hahetaru gotoku
[ajinosumu] 55
Chika no saki yori
ohotomo no
Mitsu no hamabi ni
tada hate ni
mi fune ha hatemu 60
tsutsumi naku
sakiku imashite
haya kaherimase!

7 the spirit or genius of language.

22 _mawoshi_, govern, administer.

23 Cp. the Spanish _hidalgo_.

34 _ushi-haki_ (_nushi-haki_) = girt with dominion.

61 = _tsutsuganaku_, free from trouble or anxiety.

For _soramitsu_, _takahikaru_, _hisakatano_, _ajinosumu_ see List m. k.

69

(Rōshin jiubyô) toshi wo hete kurushimi mata kora wo omofu uta itsutsu (nagauta hitotsu).

Tamakiharu 1
uchi no kagiri ha
tahirakeku
yasuku mo aramu wo
koto mo naku 5
mo naku mo aramu wo
yo no naka no
ukeku tsurakeku
itonokite
itaki kidzu ni ha 10
karashiho wo
sosogu chifu gotoku
masumasu mo
omoki umani ni
uhani utsu to 15
ifu koto no goto
oi nite aru
aga mi no uhe ni
yamahi wo ra
kahahete shi areba 20
hiru ha mo
nagekahi kurashi
yoru ha mo
ikidzuki akashi
toshi nagaku 25
ya mishi watareba
tsuki kasane
urehi samayohi
kotogoto ha
shinana to ’mohedo 30
sabahenasu
sawaku kodomo wo
utsutete ha
shini ha shirazu
mitsutsu areba 35
kokoro ha moyenu
ka ni kaku ni
omohi-wadzurahi
ne nomi shi nakayu!

5 _mo_ here is mourning.

9 = _itodoshiku_.

19 _ra_, a separated plural affix (rare).

26 _ya_ = _yoru_.

30 _shinamu_.

33 _sutsuru_.

For _tamakiharu_, _sabahenasu_ see List m. k.

70

Furuhi wo kofuru uta mitsu (naga uta hitotsu mizhika-uta futatsu).

Yo no hito no 1
tafuto mi negafu
nanakusa no
takara mo areba
nani semu ni 5
negahi-hori semu
waga naka no
umare idetaru
shiratamano
waga ko Furuhi ha 10
aka-hoshi no
akuru ashita ha
shikitaheno
toko no be sarazu
tateredomo 15
woredomo tomo ni
kaki-nadete
koto-tohi tahare
yufu-dzudzu no
yufube ni nareba 20
iza neyo to
te wo tadzusahari
chichi haha mo
uhe ha na sakari
sakikusano 25
naka ni wo nemu to
uruhashiku
shiga kataraheba
itsushika mo
hito to nari idete 30
ashikeku mo
yokeku mo mimu to
ohobuneno
omohi-tanomu ni
omohanu ni 35
yokoshima kaze no
nihaka ni mo
ohohi kitareba
semu sube no
tadoki wo shirani 40
shirotaheno
tasuki wo kake
maso-kagami
te ni torimochite
amatsukami 45
afugi kohi nomi
kunitsukami
fushite nukadzuki
kakarazu mo
kakari mo yoshiwe 50
ame tsuchi no
kami no mani-mani to
tachi-azari
waga kohi-nomedo
shimashiku mo 55
yokeku ha nashi ni
yauyau ni
katachi tsukuhori
asanasana
ifukoto yami 60
tamakiharu
inochi tahenure
tachi-wodori
ashi suri sakebi
fushi afugi 65
mune uchinageki
te ni motaru
aga ko tobashitsu
yo no naka no michi.

48 _nuka_ = _hitai_.

53 _tachi-azari_, wander about distractedly.

55 = _shibashiku_.

57 An old form of _ya-ya_.

65 to lie supine.

68 = _tobitsu_. Here read _’aga ko … michi wo tobashitsu_.

vv. 1-10 are introductory to Furuhi--they form a pre-adjunct.

11-28 _shiga_--describes Furuhi’s manner--the words _iza neyo … nemu_ being his; 28-34 the father’s hopes; 35-40 suggest the boy’s illness; 41-54 the prayers and despair of the father; 55-62 the gradual decline and death of Furuhi; 63 to end, the father’s grief at his loss.

This lay repays close study as an example of the language of the Manyôshiu.

For _shiratamano_, _shikitaheno_, _sakikusano_, _ohobuneno_, _shirotaheno_, _tamakiharu_ see List m. k.

MAKI VI, KAMI

Kusagusa no uta.

71

Rauyau (Rôyô) nanatose to ifu toshi midzunoto wi satsuki Yoshinu no totsumiya ni idemaseru toki Kanamura ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Tagi no he no 1
Mifune no yama ni
midzu-ye sashi
shizhi ni ohitaru
tsuganokino 5
iya tsugitsugi ni
yorodzu yo ni
kaku shi shirasamu
Mi-Yoshinu no
Akidzu no miya ha 10
kami kara ka
tafutokaruramu
kuni kara ka
migahoshikaramu
yama kaha wo 15
atsumi-sayakemi
ohomiya to
ube shi kami-yo yu
sadamekerashi mo.

Yama takami 1
shira-yufu hana ni
ochitagitsu
tagi no kafuchi ha
miredo akanu ka mo. 5

1-9 lead up to 10.

For _tsuganokino_, _ochitagitsu_ see List m. k.

72

Kuramochi no Asomi Chitose ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Umakori 1
aya ni tomoshiki
narukamino
oto nomi kikishi
Mi-Yoshinu no 5
maki tatsu yama yu
mi-kudaseba
kaha no se goto ni
ake-kureba
asa-giri tachi 10
yufu sareba
kahadzu naku nari
himo tokanu
tabi ni shi areba
a nomi shite 15
kiyoki kahara wo
miraku shi woshi mo.

1 _umakori_ = _umaki ori_, pretty-woven.

1-5 introductory to Yoshinu; 6-12 descriptive; 13 to end, the poet’s reflections.

For _umakori_, _narukamino_ see List m. k.

73

Zhimuki (Jinki) hazhime toshi kinoye ne kaminadzuki itsuka no hi Ki no kuni ni idemaseru toki Akahito ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Yasumishishi 1
wago ohokimi no
totsu-miya to
tsukahematsureru
Sahika nu yu 5
so-gahi ni miyuru
oki tsu shima
kiyoki nagisa ni
kaze fukeba
shiranami sawaki 10
shiho hireba
tamamo karitsutsu
kami yo yori
shika so tafutoki
Tamatsushima yama. 15

74

(Jinki) futatose satsuki Yoshinu no totsu miya ni idemaseru toki Kasa no Asomi Kanamura ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Ashihikino 1
mi yama mo saya ni
ochi tagitsu
Yoshinu no kaha no
kaha no se no 5
kiyoki wo mireba
kami-he ni ha
chidori shiba-naki
shimo-he ni ha
kahadzu tsumayobu 10
momoshikino
oho-miya hito mo
wochi-kochi ni
shizhi ni shi areba
miru goto ni 15
aya ni tomoshimi
tamakadzura
tayuru koto naku
yorodzu yo ni
kaku shi mo ga mo to 20
ame-tsuchi no
kami wo so inoru
kashikokaredomo.

For _ashihikino_, _momoshikino_, _tamakadzura_ see List m. k.

75

Yamabe no Sukune Akahito ga yomeru uta.

Yasumishishi 1
wago ohokimi no
takashirasu
Yoshinu no miya ha
tatanadzuku 5
awo-kaki-gomori
kaha nami no
kiyoki Kafuchi so
haru he ha
hana saki wowori 10
aki sareba
kiri tachi-wataru
sono yama no
iya masu-masu ni
kono kaha no 15
tayuru koto naku
momoshikino
ohomiya hito ha
tsune ni kayohamu.

For _yasumishishi_, _tatanadzuku_, _momoshikino_ see List m. k.

76

Yasumishishi 1
waga ohokimi ha
Mi-Yoshinu no
Akidzu no wo-nu no
nu no he ni ha 5
tomi suwe-okite
nu yama ni ha
i-me tate-watashi
asa-gari ni
shishi fumi-okoshi 10
yufu-gari ni
tori fumi-tate
uma namete
mi-kari so tatasu
haru no shige nu ni. 15

77

[Jinki futatose] kaminadzuki Naniha no miya ni idemaseru toki Kanamura ga yomeru uta.

Oshiteru 1
Naniha no kuni ha
ashikakino
furinishi sato to
hito mina no 5
omohi-yasumite
tsure mo naku
arishi ahida ni
umiwonasu
Nagara no miya ni 10
maki-hashira
futo taka shikite
wosu kuni wo
wosame-tamaheba
okitsutori 15
Ajifu no hara ni
mononofuno
yaso tomo no wo ha
ihori shite
miyako to nareri 20
tabi ni ha aredomo.

1-7 introductory to 8.

9-14 erection of country-palace.

15 to end, the _yasotomono wo_ build their abodes round about the palace, and so a City-Royal is established.

For _oshiteru_, _ashikakino_, _umiwonasu_, _okitsutori_, _mononofuno_ see List m. k.

78

Kuramochi no Asomi chitose ga yomeru uta.

Isanatori 1
hama he wo kiyomi
uchi-nabiki
ofuru tamamo ni
asa-nagi ni 5
chihe nami yori
yufu-nagi ni
ihohe nami yoru
oki tsu nami
iya masu-masu ni 10
he tsu nami no
iya shiku-shiku ni
tsuki ni ke ni
hihi ni migahoshi
ima nomi ni 15
aki-darame ya mo
shiranami no
i-saki-motoheru
Suminoye no hama.

16 _aki-darame_: _aki_ is written ‘autumn’, but the homophon meaning ‘satiety’ is intended.

For _isanatori_ see List m. k.

79

Akahito ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Ame tsuchi no 1
tohoki ga gotoku
hi tsuki no
nagaki ga gotoku
oshiteru 5
Naniha no miya ni
wago ohokimi
kuni shirasurashi
mi-ke tsu kuni
hi-hi no mi-tsuki to 10
Ahaji no
Nushima no ama no
watanosoko
okitsu ikuri ni
ahabi tama 15
saha ni kadzuki-de
fune namete
tsukahematsuru ka
tafutoshi mireba.

16 _kadzuki_ (_kami tsuku_), dive.

19 Read _mireba tafutoshi_.

For _oshiteru_, _watanosoko_ see List m. k.

80

[Jinki] mitose to ifu toshi hinoye tora nagatsuki towoka mari itsuka no hi Harima no kuni Inami-nu ni idemaseru toki Kanamura ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Nakisumi no 1
Funase yu miyuru
Ahaji shima
Matsuho no ura ni
asanagi ni 5
tamamo karitsutsu
yufunagi ni
mo shiho-yakitsutsu
ama wotome
ari to ha kikedo 10
mi ni yukamu
yoshi no nakereba
masurawono
kokoro ha nashi ni
tawayame no 15
omohi-tawamite
tamotohori
are haso kofuru
fune kaji wo nami.

For _masurawono_ see List m. k.

81

Akahito ga yomeru uta hitotsu [migi ni onazhi miyuki no toki].

Yasumishishi 1
waga ohokimi no
kamu nagara
takashiraseru
Inami-nu no 5
Oho-umi no hara no
arataheno
Fujiye no ura ni
shibi tsuru to
ama-bune sawaki 10
shiho-yaku to
hito so saha naru
ura wo yomi
ube mo tsuri ha su
hama wo yomi 15
ube mo shiho yaku
ari-gayohi
mesaku mo shirushi
kiyoki shirahama.

Inami-nu no 1
asaji oshi-nabe
sanuru yo no
ke nagashiku areba
ihe shi shinubayu. 5

17-19 Read _arigayohi mishitamafu mo ichishiruku kiyokute omoshiroki shirahama zo to nari_.

3 _sanuru_ = _yadori suru_.

4 _ke_ = _ki-he_.

5 _shinubayeru_.

For _yasumishishi_, _arataheno_ see List m. k.

82

Karani no shima wo suguru toki Akahito ga yomeru uta.

Umasahafu 1
imo ga mekarete
shikitaheno
makura mo akazu [makazu]
kaniha maki 5
tsukureru fune ni
ma kaji nuki
aga kogi-kureba
Ahaji no
Nushima wo sugi 10
Inamitsuma
Karani no shima no
shima no ma yu
wagihe wo mireba
awoyama no 15
soko to mo miyezu
shirakumo mo
chihe ni narikinu
kogi-tamuru
ura no kotogoto 20
yuki-kakuru
shima no saki-zaki
kuma mo okazu
omohi so aga kuru
tabi no ke nagake! 25

Tamamokaru 1
Karani no shima ni
shima mi suru
u ni shi mo are ya
ihe ’mohazaramu! 5

2 _imo ga mekarete_ = _me hanuru_, the eye (features, i.e. person) being separated from me.

4 _akazu_ probably should be _makazu_.

5 _kaniha_ = _kaba_, birch.

7 _nuki_, place oars in position, on thole or between rowlocks.

11 _Inamitsuma_, of _tsuma_, the meaning is uncertain, perhaps tract or neighbourhood; _tsuma_, border.

19 _tamuru_, a weak form of _tamotohoru_.

22 cape after cape: see K. 80. 345, _shima no sakizaki_.

23 _kuma mo okazu_ = _kuma (sumi) mo ochizu_, a not infrequent expression in the Manyôshiu.

24 _omohite so aga kuru tabi ga ki-he nagashi_.

25 _ke_ = _ki-he_ (_kuru-henuru_).

1, 2 _karu_ _kara_, probably a designed jingle.

4, 5 would I were but a cormorant, then I should be free from homesickness.

As to the m. k. _shikitahe_ and _umasahafu_: _shikitahe_, spread-cloth, seems originally to have meant a garment worn to sleep in, or a coverlet. It is applied to night, sleeping, night garments, pillows, &c.

_Umasahafu_ is the reading preferred by the Kogi to that in the text, _ajisahafu_. Of neither can any certain explanation be given. On the whole I am inclined to prefer the one suggested of _umasahafu_ under that word in the Kogi’s list of _makura kotoba_.--_umashi-aha-fu_, field of sweet millet; _ahafu_ = millet-field in K. 143, n. 2, _fu_ is perhaps an original form of _hafu_ or _hae_. The ancient Japanese _f_ (perhaps derived from a lost _p_) was something like the Highland ‘fwh’ in ‘fwhat’ of which the different elements were prominent in connexion with particular vowel sounds. As significant of numerousness, it is applied to _mure_ (flock, crowd) contracted into _me_ (to which through a homophon meaning ‘woman’ it is applied in the text) as well as sometimes to _yoru_, night (homophon of _yoru_, gather together, collect). There are parallel etymologies quoted by the Kogi, but it is needless to detail them here. _Umashiahafu_ would contract into _umasahafu_; _umashi_ may be written with a character _aji_, meaning taste, savour--hence _ajisahafu_, and of this the _aji_ might be confounded with its homonym _aji_ (a kind of teal or widgeon), explaining a common way of writing the expression--teal-marsh-abundant.

For _umasahafu_, _shikitaheno_ see List m. k.

83

Minume no ura wo suguru toki Akahito ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Mikemukafu 1
Ahaji no shima ni
tada mukafu
Minume no ura no
oki he ni ha 5
fukamiru tsumi
urami ni ha
nanori-so kari
fukamiruno
mimaku hoshikedo 10
nanorisono
onoga na woshimi
ma tsukahi mo
yarazute are ha
ikeru to mo nashi. 15

Suma no ama no 1
shiho-yaki kinu no
narenaba ka
hito hi mo kimi wo
wasurete omohamu. 5

For _mikemukafu_, _fukamiruno_, _nanorisono_ see List m. k.

84

(Jinki) yotose to ifu toshi hinoto no u mutsuki ohokimitachi omitachi ni mikotonori shite Jintôryô ni hanachi imashime tamaheru toki ni yomeru uta hitotsu.

Makuzuhafu 1
Kasuka no yama ha
uchinabiku
haru sari yuku to
yama no he ni 5
kasumi tachibiki
Takamato ni
uguisu nakinu
mononofuno
yaso tomo no wo ha 10
karigane no
ki-tsugi konogoro
kaku tsukite
tsune ni ariseba
tomo namete 15
asobamu mono wo
uma namete
yukamashi sato wo
machi-kate ni
aga seshi haru wo 20
kakemaku mo
aya ni kashikoshi
ihamaku mo
yuyushikaramu to
arakazhime 25
kanete shiriseba
chidori naku
sono Saho-gaha ni
iso ni ofuru
suga no ne torite 30
shinubu-gusa
harahite mashi wo
yuku midzu ni
misogite mashi wo
ohokimino 35
mikoto kashikomi
momoshikino
ohomiya hito no
tamahokono
michi ni mo idezu 40
kofuru kono goro.

10-14 the Kogi text is followed.

11 a species of wild goose; also _kari ga ne_, the scream of the wild geese.

19-20 the spring we have made vain to wait for.

40-41 _sankin ni ahite midari ni michi ni idzuru koto dani yezushite_.

For _makuzuhafu_, _uchinabiku_, _mononofuno_, _momoshikino_, _ohokimino_, _tamahokono_ see List m. k.

Of the above lay the text is more or less uncertain, the syntax is confused, and the meaning in part obscure.

85

(Tempyô) futatose shimotsuki Sakanohe no Iratsume ga Kami no ihe yori michi-dachi shite Tsukushi no michi no kuchi no kuni (Chikuzen) Munakata no kohori Nagoyama wo koyuru toki yomeru uta hitotsu.

Ohonamuji 1
Sukunabikona no
kami koso ha
nadzuke somekeme
na nomi wo 5
Nagoyama to ohite
aga kohi no
chihe no hito he mo
nagusame naku ni.

7 _kohi_ = _[miyako wo] kohishiku omofu_.

86

(Tempyô) yotose to ifu toshi midzunoye saru Fujihara no Umakahi no mahetsukimi nishi no umi tsu ji no setsudoshi ni tsukahasaruru toki Takahashi no Murazhi Mushimaro ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Shirakumono 1
Tatsuta no yama no
tsuyu shimo ni
iro-dzuku toki ni
uchi-koyete 5
tabi-yuku kimi ha
ihohe yama
i-yuki sakumi
ata-mamoru
Tsukushi ni itari 10
yama no soki
nu no soki mesedo
tomo no be wo
agachi tsukahashi
yamabikoni 15
kotahemu kihami
taniguku no
sa wataru kihami
kuni-gata wo
meshi-tamahite 20
fuyukomori
haru sari-yukaba
tobutorino
haya kaheri-kone
Tatsuta-ji no 25
Wokabe no michi ni
ni-tsutsuzhi no
nihohamu toki no
sakura-bana
sakinamu toki ni 30
yamatadzuno
mukahe-mawi demu
kimi ga kimasaba.

Chiyorodzu no 1
ikusa naritomo
koto agesezu
torite kinubeki
wotoko to so ’mofu. 5

3 _tsuyu shimo ni_, by the rime and dew (which cause the ruddy leafage of autumn). But see Glossary. Other explanations are possible, but the above seems most suitable.

3 _koto agesezu_ = _ihitatsuru koto naku_.

For _shirakumono_, _yamabikoni_, _fuyukomori_, _tobutorino_, _yamatadzuno_ (not rendered in the translation) see List m. k.

87

Sumera mikoto no setsudoshi no mahetsukimitachi ni ohomiki tamaheru ohomi-uta hitotsu.

Wosukuni no 1
toho no mikado ni
imashira shi
kaku makarinaba
tahirakeku 5
are ha asobamu
te udakite
are ha imasamu
sumera waga
udzu no mite mochi 10
kaki-nade so
negi-tamafu
uchi-nade so
negi-tamafu
kaheri-komu hi 15
ahi nomamu ki so
kono toyomiki ha

10 _udzu_, precious or sacred; _mi-te_ = _mi tahe_.

11, 13 _kaki_ and _uchi_ are prefix verbs having an emphatic value; _nade_ = propitiate, _negi_ (_negafu_), intreat.

MAKI VI, SHIMO

88

(Tempyô) yatose to ifu toshi hinoye ne minadzuki Yoshinu no totsumiya ni idemaseru toki Akahito ga mikotonori wo uketamaharite yomeru uta hitotsu.

Yasumishishi 1
waga ohokimi no
meshi-tamafu
Yoshinu no miya ha
yama-takami 5
kumo so tanabiku
kaha hayami
se no to so kiyoki
kamusabite
mireba tafutoku 10
yoroshi nabe
mireba sayakeshi
konoyama no
tsukiba nomi koso
kono kaha no 15
tayeba nomi koso
momoshikino
ohomiya tokoro
yamu toki mo arame!

3 _meshi_ = _mishi_.

11 _yoroshi nabe_, and likewise excellent.

14 _tsukiba_ and 16 _tayeba_ have much the same value.

16 _nomi koso_, the _koso_ emphasizes the two _nomi_.

89, 90, 91

Isonokami no Otomaro no mahetsukimi (kyô) Tosa no kuni ni hanatayeshi toki uta mitsu.

89

Isonokami 1
Furu no mikoto ha
tawayame no
sadohi ni yorite
uma-zhi mono 5
naha tori-tsuke
shishi zhi mono
yumi-ya kakumite
ohokimi no
mikoto kashikomi 10
amazakaru
hina he ni makaru
furukoromo
Matsuchi no yama yu
kaheri-konu ka mo. 15

For _amazakaru_, _furukoromo_ see List m. k.

90

Ohokimi no 1
mikoto kashikomi
sashinamino
kuni ni idemasu
hashikiyashi 5
waga se no kimi wo
kakemaku mo
yuyushiki kashikoshi
Suminoye no
ara hito kami 10
funa no he ni
ushi-haki-tamahi
tsuki-tamahamu
shima no saki-zaki
yori tamahamu 15
iso no saki-zaki
araki nami
kaze ni ahasezu
tsutsumi naku
mi yamahi arazu 20
sumuyakeku
kaheshi-tamahane
moto no kuni he ni.

3-4 perhaps should run _sashinamino_ | _Tosa no kuni ni_ | _idemasu ya_.

10 _ara_ = _arahareru_--but see Aston, _Shintô_.

12 _ushi_ = _mushi_ (_ni shite hakasu_).

13, 15 _tsuki_ rather refers to direction, _yori_ to approach.

19 = _tsutsuga naku_, untroubled.

21 = _sumiyaka ni_. Motowori says _sumu_ = _susumu_.

For _sashinamino_ see List m. k.

91

Chichi kimi ni 1
are ha manago so
omo tozhi ni
are ha manago so
mawi-nobori 5
yaso uji hito no
tamuke suru
Kashiko no saka ni
nusa matsuri
are ha so makaru 10
tohoki Tosa-ji wo.

5, 6, 7 introduce _kashiko_ (Kashiko). Motowori considers the subject of 5 to be Isonokami.

92

Nara no miyako no aretaru wo kanashimi yomeru uta hitotsu.

Yasumishishi 1
waga ohokimi no
takashikasu
Yamato kuni ha
sumerogi no 5
kami no mi yo yori
shikimaseru
kuni nishi areba
aremasamu
miko no tsugi tsugi 10
amenoshita
shiroshimesamu to
ya ho yorodzu
chi-tose wo kanete
sadamekemu 15
Nara no miyako ha
kagirohino
haru nishi areba
Kasuga yama
Mikasa no nu-he ni 20
sakura hana
ko no kure-gakure
kaho-tori ha
ma naku shiba naku
tsuyushimono 25
aki sari-kureba
Hakahi yama
Tobuhi ga take ni
hagi no ye wo
shigarami chirashi 30
sawoshika ha
tsuma yobi-toyome
yama mireba
yama mo migahoshi
sato mireba 35
sato mo sumiyoshi
mononofuno
yaso tomo no wo no
uchi-hahete
sato namishikeba 40
ametsuchi no
yori-ahi no kihami
yorodzu no yo ni
sakaye yukamu to
omohi nishi 45
ohomiya sura wo
tanomerishi
Nara no miyako wo
arata yo no
koto nishi areba 50
ohokimi no
hiki no manimani
haruhanano
utsurohi kahari
muratorino 55
asa tachi yukeba
sasudakeno
ohomiya hito no
fumi narashi
kayohishi michi ha 60
uma mo yukazu
hito mo yukaneba
are ni keru ka mo!

3 _takashikasu_ = _takashirasu_.

9 _araharemasamu_.

24 The first _naku_ = not-be, the second, cry, sing.

39 _uchi-hahete_, _hafu_, extend.

41-42 set forth men’s hopes. Nara would long endure--a sort of common form in lays of this character. 53 to end describe the impermanence of things and the desolation of the abandoned Capital.

For _yasumishishi_, _kagirohino_, _tsuyushimono_, _mononofuno_, _haruhanano_, _muratorino_, _sasudakeno_ see List m. k. Most of these can only be rendered indirectly.

93, 94

Kuni no nihimiyako wo tatafuru uta futatsu.

93

Akitsukami 1
waga ohokimi no
ame no shita
Yashima no uchi ni
kuni ha shi mo 5
ohoku aredomo
sato ha shi mo
saha ni aredomo
yama nami no
yoroshiki kuni to 10
kaha nami no
tachi-afu sato to
Yamashiro no
Kase-yama no ma ni
miya-hashira 15
futoshiki matsuri
takashirasu
Futagi no miya ha
kaha chikami
se no to so kiyoki 20
yama chikami
tori ga ne-doyomu
aki sareba
yama mo todoro ni
sawoshika ha 25
tsuma yobi-doyome
haru sareba
woka be no shizhi ni
ihaho ni ha
hana saki-wowori 30
ana omoshiro
Futagi no hara
ito tafuto
ohomiya tokoro
ubeshi koso 35
waga ohokimi ha
kimi no mani
kikashitamahite
sasudakeno
ohomiya koko to 40
sadamekerashi mo.

For _akitsukami_, _sasudakeno_ see List m. k.

94

Waga ohokimi 1
kami no mikoto no
takashirasu
Futagi no miya ha
momo ki moru 5
yama ha ko-dakashi
ochi-tagitsu
se no ’to mo kiyoshi
uguhisu no
ki naku haru he ha 10
ihaho ni ha
yama shita-hikari
nishiki nasu
hana saki wowori
sawoshika no 15
tsuma yobu aki ha
ama-girafu
shigure wo itami
sanidzurafu
momichi chiritsutsu 20
yachi tose ni
are tsukashitsutsu
ame no shita
shiroshimesamu to
momo yo ni mo 25
kaharubekaranu
ohomiya tokoro.

Wotomera ga 1
umi wo kaku chifu
Kase no yama
toki shi yukereba
miyako to narinu. 5

5 The meaning of _moru_ is disputed. The Kogi follows Motowori, taking _moru_ as equivalent to _shigeru_.

22 = _chôtei ni tsukahematsuru wo_. _are_ = _arahare_.

3 _kase_, homophon of _Kase_, means skein or spool.

For _sanidzurafu_, see List m. k.

95

Haru no koro Mika no hara no miyako no aretaru wo kanashimi yomeru uta hitotsu.

Mika no hara 1
Kuni no miyako ha
yama takami
kaha no se kiyomi
ari yoshi to 5
hito ha ihedomo
sumi yoshi to
are ha omohedo
furi nishi
sato nishi areba 10
kuni miredo
hito mo kayohazu
sato mireba
ihe no aretari
hashikeyashi 15
kaku arikeru ka
mi moro tsuku
Kase yama no ma ni
saku hana ni
iro medzurashiku 20
momotorino
kowe natsukashiki
ari-gahoshi
sumi yoki sato no
aruraku woshi mo! 25

2 _Kuni_, is City-Royal; in 11 _kuni_ is ‘land’ or ‘country.’

15 must be read, though indirectly, with 18, 16 being parenthetical.

17 Motowori prefers _umi wo kaku_ (see 94).

_tsuku_ = _tsukuru_.

25 _aruraku_ = _aruru_, lie desolate, waste.

For _momotorino_ see List m. k.

96

Naniha no miya nite yomeru uta hitotsu.

Yasumishishi 1
waga ohokimi no
ari-gayofu
Naniha no miya ha
isanatori 5
umi katatsukite
tama hirifu
hama he wo chikami
asa ha furu
nami no ’to sawaki 10
yufu nagi ni
kaji no ’to kikoyu
akatoki no
ne-same ni kikeba
umi chikami 15
shihohi no muta
urasu ni ha
chidori tsuma yobi
ashi-he ni ha
tadzu ga ne-doyomu 20
miru hito no
katari ni sureba
kiku hito no
mimakuhori suru
mikemukafu 25
Ajifu no miya ha
miredo akanu ka wo.

16 _muta_ = _tomo ni_.

22 _ni_ = _wo_.

24 _migahoshiku_.

27 _akanu_, unwearied of.

For _yasumishishi_, _isanatori_, _mikemukafu_ see List m. k.

97

Minume no ura wo suguru toki yomeru uta hitotsu.

Yachihokono 1
kami no mi yo yori
momofuneno
hatsuru tomari to
Yashima kuni 5
momo funa hito no
sadameteshi
Minume no ura ha
asa kaze ni
ura nami sawaki 10
yufu nami ni
tamamo ha ki-yoru
shira manago
kiyoki hama-he ha
yuki kaheri 15
miredomo akazu
ubeshi koso
miru hito goto ni
katari-tsugi
shinubikerashiki 20
momoyo hete
shinubaye yukamu
kiyoki shira hama.

1-7 introductory to 8. 9 to end descriptive and eulogistic.

13 _manago_ = _masago_, sand, pebbles.

For _yachihokono_, _momofuneno_ see List m. k.

MAKI VIII, KAMI

Haru no kusagusa no uta.

98

Kusaka yama no uta.

Oshiteru 1
Naniha wo sugite
uchi nabiku
Kusaka no yama wo
yufu-gure ni 5
aga koye-kureba
yama mo se ni
sakeru ashibi no
ashikaranu
kimi wo itsushika 10
yukite haya mimu.

7 _se ni_, crowdedly, thickly.

8, 9 sound-quibble, _ashibi_ and _ashikaranu_.

10, 11 There is inversion here.

For _oshiteru_ and _uchinabiku_ see List m. k.

99

Sakura no hana no uta.

Wotomera ga 1
kazashi no tame ni
miyabi-wo no
katsura no tame to
shikimaseru 5
kuni no hatate ni
saki nikeru
sakura no hana no
nihohi ha mo ana ni!

Haru no shitashimi uta.

100

(Tempyô) itsutose to ifu toshi midzunoto tori nochi no yayohi Kanamura ga Morokoshi ni tsukahasu tsukahi ni okureru uta.

Tamatasuki 1
kakenu toki naku
iki no wo ni
aga ’mofu kimi ha
utsusemino 5
[yo no hito nareba
ohokimi no]
mikoto kashikomi
yufu sareba
tadzu ga tsuma yobu 10
Naniha-gata
Mitsu no saki yori
ohobune ni
ma kaji shizhi nuki
shira-nami no 15
takaki arumi wo
shima-dzutahi
i-wakare yukeba
todomareru
are ha nusa tori 20
ihahitsutsu
kimi wo ba matamu
haya kaherimase!

1-8 are a preface.

2 without breach of truce.

3 _iki no wo_, thread of life.

6, 7 Interpolated on the authority of Keichiu.

16 _arumi_ = _aruru umi_.

For _tamatasuki_, _utsusemino_ see List m. k.

Natsu no shitashimi uta.

101

Ohotomo no Yakamochi ga tachibana wo yojite Sakanohe no Oho-Iratsume ni okureru uta.

Itsushika to 1
matsu waga yado ni
momo-ye-zashi
ofuru tachibana
tama ni nuku 5
sa-tsuki wo chikami
ayenu gani
hana saki ni keri
asa ni ke ni
ide-miru goto ni 10
iki no wo ni
aga ’mofu imo ni
masokagami
kiyoki tsuki-yo ni
tada hito me 15
misemu made ni ha
chiri-kosu na
yume to ihitsutsu
kokodaku mo
aga moru mono wo 20
uretaki ya
shiko hototogisu
akatoki no
urakanashiki ni
ohedo ohedo 25
naho shi ki-nakite
itadzura ni
tsuchi ni chiraseba
sube wo nami
yojite ta-woritsu 30
mimase wagimoko!

Mochi kudachi 1
kiyoki tsuku yo ni
wagimoko ni
misemu to ’mohishi
yado no tachibana! 5

7 _ayenu_ = _ayenuru_, ready to set for fruit?

_gani_ = _yô_, _sama_.

19 _kokodaku_ = _ikubaku_.

1 _mochi kudachi_ = _michikudari_ = full and on the turn.

For _masokagami_ see List m. k.

MAKI VIII, SHIMO

Aki no kusagusa no uta.

102

Yamanohe no Omi Okura ya nanuka no yo [Tanabata] no uta towo amari futatsu (naga-uta hitotsu).

(5)

Hisakatano 1
ama no kaha se ni
fune ukete
koyohi ka kimi ga
agari ki-masamu. 5

(6)

Hiko-hoshi ha 1
Tanabata tsu me to
ame tsuchi no
wakareshi toki yu
inamushiro 5
kaha ni mukitachi
omofu sora
yasukaranaku ni
nageku sora
yasukaranaku ni 10
awo nami ni
nozomi ha tayenu
shira kumo ni
namida ha tsukinu
kaku nomi ya 15
ikidzuke woramu
kaku nomi ya
kohitsutsu aramu
sa ni-nuri no
wo bune mo ga mo 20
tama-maki no
ma kai mo ga mo
asa nagi ni
i-kaki-watari
yufu shiho ni 25
i-kogi-watari
hisakatano
ama no kahara ni
amatobuya
hire katashiki 30
matamadeno
tama-de sashikahe
amata tabi
imo neteshi ka mo
aki ni arazu to mo! 35

3 _ukete_, float, launch.

6 _muki-tachi_, stand by.

8, 10 _ni_ is adverbial, in 11, 13 postpositional.

13 Supply _furisake mireba_.

15, 17 _ya_ is dubitative, with a tinge of regret.

24 beat (the water with oar or scull) and cross.

24, 26 _i_ is a prefix of which the original value is lost.

30 _katashiki_, spread out to one side.

For _hisakatano_, _inamushiro_, _amatobuya_, _matamadeno_ see List m. k.

Aki no shitashimi uta.

103

Yakamochi ga Sakanohe no Oho-Iratsume ni okureru uta.

Nemokoro ni 1
mono wo omoheba
ihamu sube
semu sube mo nashi
imo to aga 5
te tadzusaharite
ashita ni ha
niha ni idetachi
yufuhe ni ha
toko uchi-harahi 10
shirotaheno
sode sashikahete
sa-neshi yo ya
tsune ni arikeru
ashihikino 15
yamadori koso ha
wo mukahi ni
tsuma-dohi su to ihe
utsusemino
hito naru are ya 20
nani su to ka
hito hi hito yo mo
sakari-wite
nageki kofuramu
koko ’moheba 25
mune koso itame
soko yuwe ni
kokoro nagu ya to
Takamato no
yama ni mo nu ni mo 30
uchi-yukite
asobi arukedo
hana nomi shi
nihohite areba
miru goto ni 35
mashite shinubayu
ika ni shite
wasuremu mono so
kohi chifu mono wo.

17 _wo mukahi_, over the hills.

28 _nagu_ = _nagusamuru_.

3-9 inversion.

For _shirotaheno_, _ashihikino_, _utsusemino_ see List m. k.

MAKI IX, KAMI

Kusagusa no uta.

104

Kamitsufusa (Kadzusa) Suwe no Tamana no wotome wo yomeru uta hitotsu-mata mizhika uta.

Shinagatori 1
Aha ni tsukitaru
adzusayumi
Suwe no Tamana ha
muna wake no 5
hirokeki wagimo
koshi hoso no
sugaru wotome no
sono kaho no
kirakirashiki ni 10
hana no goto
wemite tatereba
tamahokono
michi yuku hito ha
ono ga yuku 15
michi ha yukazute
yobanaku ni
kado ni itarinu
sashinarabu
tonari no kimi ha 20
tachimachi ni
ono tsuma ’karete
kohanaku ni
kagi sahe matsuru
hito no mina 25
kaku madohereba
uchi-shinahi
yorite so imo ha
tahasete arikeru.

Kanado ni shi 1
hito no ki-tateba
yo naka ni mo
mi ha tanashirazu
idete so ahikeru. 5

22 _’karete_ = _wakarete_.

24 _kagi_, for the treasure it locks up.

27 seems to be equivalent to _tori-yosofu_ or _katachi tsukurofu_.

The m. k. (1) applies to A[ha], (3) to Suwe (read homophonously as bow-end).

For _shinagatori_, _adzusayumi_, _tamahokono_ see List m. k.

105

Midzunoye no Urashima no ko wo yomeru uta.

Haru no hi no 1
kasumetaru toki ni
Suminoye no
kishi ni idekite
tsuri-bune no 5
tayutafu mireba
inishihe no
koto so omohoyu
Midzunoye no
Urashima no ko ga 10
katsuwo tsuri
tahi tsuri hokori
nanuka made
ihe ni mo kozute
unasaka wo 15
sugite kogi-yuku ni
watatsumi no
kami no wotome ni
tamasaka ni
i-kogi mukahi 20
ahi-katarahi
koto narishikaba
kaki-musubi
toko yo ni itari
watatsumi no 25
kami no miya no
uchi no he no
tahenaru tono ni
tadzusahari
futari iri-wite 30
oi mo sezu
shini mo sezushite
tokoshihe ni
arikeru mono wo
yo no naka no 35
katakuna hito no
wagimoko ni
norite kataraku
shimashiku ha
ihe ni kaherite 40
chichi haba ni
koto wo mo norahi
asu no goto
are ha kinamu to
ihikereba 45
imo ga iheraku
tokoyo he ni
mata kaheri-kite
ima no goto
ahamu to naraba 50
kono kushige
hiraku na yume to
sokoraku ni
katameshi koto wo
Suminoye ni 55
kaheri-kitarite
ihe miredo
ihe mo mi-kanete
sato miredo
sato mo mi-kanete 60
ayashimi to
soko ni omohaku
ihe yo dete
mi tose no hodo ni
kaki mo naku 65
ihe useme ya mo
kono hako wo
hirakite miteba
moto no goto
ihe ha aramu to 70
tama kushige
sukoshi hiraku ni
shirakumo no
hako yori idete
tokoyo he ni 75
tanabikinureba
tachi-washiri
sakebi sode furi
koi-marobi
ashi-zuri shitsutsu 80
tachimachi ni
kokoro ke usenu
wakakarishi
hada wo shihaminu
kurokarishi 85
kami mo shirakenu
yuri-yuri ha
iki sahe tayete
nochi tsuhi ni
inochi shini keru 90
Midzunoye no
Urashima no ko ga
ihe tokoro miyu.

Tokoyo he ni 1
sumubeki mono wo
tsurugitachi
shi ga kokoro-gara
oso ya kono kimi. 5

5 _oso_ = _orosoka_.

The m. k. (3) is applied to _shi_ = _sono_.

For _tsurugitachi_ see List m. k.

106

Kafuchi no Ohohashi wo hitori yuku wotome wo mite [yomeru] uta.

Shinateru 1
Kata-asuha kaha no
sa-ni nuri no
ohohashi no he yo
kurenawino 5
aka mo suso-biki
yama-wi mochi
sureru kinu kite
tada hitori
i-watarasu ko ha 10
wakakusano
tsuma ka aruramu
kashinomino
hitori ka nuramu
tohamaku no 15
hoshiki wagimo ga
ihe no shiranaku.

1 Epithet of _kata_ (Kata-asuha).

3 fine red-stained.

7, 8 rubbed, i.e. dyed with the _yama-wi_ (Polygonum tinctorium).

12 _tsuma_ here = _otto_.

13, 14 Confer translation.

For _shinateru_, _kurenawino_, _wakakusano_, _kashinomino_ see List m. k.

107

(Kyôun) mitose to ifu toshi hinoye uma yayohi moromoro no mahetsukimitachi Namiha ni kudareru toki no uta futatsu.

Shirakumono 1
Tatsuta no yama no
Tagi no he no
Wokura no mine ni
saki-woworu 5
sakura no hana ha
yama takami
kaze no yamaneba
haru-same no
tsugite furereba 10
ho tsu ye ha
chiri sugite keri
shi tsu ye ni
nokoreru hana ha
shimashiku ha 15
chiri na midari so
kusamakura
tabi yuku kimi ga
kaheri-komu made.

5 blossoming in falling masses, festoons of flowers.

11 _ho_ is upper part--13 _shi_ is lower part of the tree-mass.

For _shirakumono_, _kusamakura_ see List m. k.

108

Shirakumono 1
Tatsuta no yama wo
yufu-gure ni
uchi-koye yukeba
Tagi no he no 5
sakura no hana ha
sakitaru ha
chiri sugi ni keri
fukumeru ha
saki tsuginubeshi 10
kochi-gochi no
hana no sakari ni
misezu tomo
ka ni kaku ni
kimi no mi yuki ha 15
ima ni shi arubeshi.

13 After this line the Kogi would interpolate--_chiri na midari so_.

14 may = whenever it may be, sooner or later.

15 _ima_, presently, ere long.

For _shirakumono_ see List m. k.

109

Naniha ni yadorite akuru hi kaheru toki no uta.

Shima yama wo 1
i-yuki motohoru
kaha sohi no
woka he no michi yo
kinofu koso 5
aga koye-koshi ka
hito yo nomi
netarishi kara ni
wo no uhe no
sakura no hana ha 10
tagi no se yo
tagi-chite nagaru
kimi ga mimu
sono hi made ni ha
arashi no 15
kaze na fuki so to
uchi-koyete
na ni oheru mori ni
kaza-matsurisena!

4 _yo_ = _yori_, so in 11 where it is to be understood as _ni_.

8 _kara_ = _nagara_ (?).

9 _wo_, summit or ridge.

19 = _kaze [no kami wo] matsurisemu (matsuramu)_.

MAKI IX, SHIMO

110

Kemuzeishi (kenzeishi) Ohotomo no mahetsukimi no Tsukuba yama ni noboritamaheru toki no uta.

Koromode 1
Hitachi no kuni
futa-narabu
Tsukuba no yama wo
mimakuhori 5
kimi kimaseri to
atsukeku ni
ase-kaki-nage [ki]
ko no ne tori
uso-muki nobori 10
wo no uhe wo
kimi ni misureba
wo no kami mo
yurushitamahi
me no kami mo 15
chihahitamahite
toki to naku
kumo-wi ame furu
Tsukubane wo
saya ni terashite 20
ifukarishi
kuni no mabora wo
tsubaraka ni
shimeshitamaheba
ureshimi to 25
himo no wo tokite
ihe no goto
tokete so asobu
uchinabiku
haru mimashi yo ha 30
natsu kusa no
shigeku ha aredo
kefu no tanushisa.

6 sweating and panting.

17 suddenly, unexpectedly, untimely.

30 Or _mimaku_--_yo_ = _yori_.

For _koromode_, _uchinabiku_ see List m. k.

111

Hototogisu wo yomeru uta.

Uguhisu no 1
kahi-ko no naka ni
hototogisu
hitori umarete
shi ga chichi ni 5
nite ha nakazu
shiga haha ni
nite wa nakazu
u no hana no
sakitaru nu he yo 10
tobi kakeri
ki naki toyomoshi
tachibana no
hana wo wi-chirashi
hinemosu ni 15
nakedo kiki yoshi
mahi ha semu
tohoku na yuki so
waga yado no
hana tachibana ni 20
sumi watari nake.

5 _sore ga_.

6, 8 _nite_, like, resembling.

11 fly high.

112

Tsukuba yama ni noboru uta.

Kusamakura 1
tabi no ukeku wo
nagusamuru
koto mo are ya to
Tsukuba ne ni 5
noborite mireba
wobana chiru
Shidzuku no ta-wi ni
karigane mo
samuku ki-nakinu 10
Nihibari no
Toba no afumi mo
aki kaze ni
shira-nami tachinu
Tsukuba ne no 15
yokeku wo mireba
nagaki ke ni
omohi tsumi-koshi
ukeku ha yaminu.

7 _wobana_ is Miscanthus sinensis.

8 _ta-wi_ = _ta-winaka_ or _inaka_.

9 Either _karigane_ or _kari-ga-ne_, a sort of quibble.

17 _nagaki kihe_.

18 _koshi_, a past of _kuru_, here auxiliary, read with _ukeku_. _omohi-tsumi_, piled up thoughts (i.e. sorrows of travel).

For _kusamakura_ see List m. k.

113

Tsukubane ni noborite kagahi suru toki yomeru uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta.

Washinosumu 1
Tsukuba no yama no
Mohakitsu no
sono tsu no uhe ni
adomohite 5
wotome wotoko no
yuki tsudohi
kagafu kagaki ni
hito-dzuma ni
are mo ahamu 10
aga tsuma ni
hito mo koto-tohe
kono yama wo
ushi-haku kami no
inishihe yo 15
isamenu waza zo
kefu nomi ha
megushi mo nami so
koto mo togamuna

Wo no kami ni 1
kumo tachi nobori
shigure furi
nure-tohoru tomo
are kaherame ya. 5

18 Either _me-gurushiku na mi so_ or _megushi nami so_--the sense is much the same.

19 _koto togame wo mo suna_.

For _washinosumu_ see List m. k.

114

Shika wo yomeru uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta.

Mimoro no 1
Kamunabi yama ni
tachi-mukafu
Mikaki no yama ni
aki-hagi no 5
tsuma wo makamu to
asa-dzuku-yo
akemaku woshimu
ashihiki no
yamabiko-doyome 10
yobitate naku mo.

115

Nanuka no yo no uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta.

Hisakatano 1
ama no kahara ni
kamitsu se ni
tama-hashi watashi
shimotsu se ni 5
fune ukesuwe
ame furite
kaze ha fuku to mo
kaze fukite
ame ha furu to mo 10
mo nurasazu
yamazu kimase to
tama-hashi watasu.

11 _mo_ = skirt, dress.

For _hisakatano_ see List m. k.

116

Kashima no kohori Karunu no hashi nite Ohotomo no mahetsukimi ni wakaruru uta hitotsu mata mizkiha uta.

Kotohiushi 1
Miyake no ura ni
sashimukafu
Kashima no saki ni
sa ni-nuri no 5
wobune wo make
tama maki no
wo-kaji shizhi nuki
yufu shiho no
michi no todomi ni 10
mi funa ko wo
adomohi tatete
yobitatete
mi fune idenaba
hama mo se ni 15
okure nami wite
koi-marobi
kohi ka mo woramu
ashi-zurishi
ne nomi ya nakamu 20
Unakami no
sono tsu wo sashite
kimi ga kogi-yukeba.

6 _make_ = _môke_.

15 _se ni_ = _semaki hodo ni_.

The m. k. (1) applies to Miyake (= _miyake_, a government granary or grange), see translation.

For _kotohiushi_ see List m. k.

117

Zhimuki (Jinki) itsutose to ifu toshi tsuchinoye tatsu hatsu tsuki ni [yomeru] uta hitotsu mata mizhika.

Hito to naru 1
koto ha kataki wo
wakuraba ni
nareru aga mi ha
shinu mo iki mo 5
kimi ga ma ni ma to
omohitsutsu
arishi ahida ni
utsusemino
yo no hito nareba 10
ohokimino
mikoto kashikomu
amazakaru
hina wosame ni to
asatorino 15
asa tatashitsutsu
muratorino
mure tachi-yukeba
tomari-wite
are ha kohimu na 20
mizu hisa naraba.

Mi Koshi ji no 1
yuki furu yama wo
koyemu hi ha
tomareru are wo
kakete shinubase. 5

19 I read--_are ha tomari wite_, &c.

For _utsusemino_, _ohokimino_, _amazakaru_, _muratorino_ see List m. k.

118

Tempyô hazhime no toshi … shihasu ni yomeru uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta futatsu.

Utsusemino 1
yo no hito nareba
ohokimi no
mikoto kashikomi
Shikishimano 5
Yamato no kuni no
Iso no kami
Furu no sato ni
himo tokazu
maro-ne wo sureba 10
aga keseru
koromo ha narenu
miru goto ni
kohi ha masaredo
iro ni ideba 15
hito shirisubemi
fuyu no yo no
ake mo kanetsutsu
i mo nezu ni
are ha so kofuru 20
imo ga tadaka ni.

10 A quasi m. k. of _maro-ne_, round-sleep, that is sleeping alone or taking a careless or hasty sleep in one’s ordinary clothes.

12 _narenu_ is a past, not negative form; the meaning is soiled, tumbled, disordered, according to Keichiu.

For _utsusemino_, _shikishimano_ see List m. k.

119

[Tempyô] itsutose to ifu toshi … Morokoshi ni tsukahasu tsukahi no fune Naniha yori idzuru toki haha ga ko ni okureru uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta.

Akihagiwo 1
tsuma-tofu ga koso
hitori ko wo
motari to ihe
kako-zhi mono 5
aga hitori ko mo
kusamakura
tabi nishi yukeba
takatama wo
shizhi ni nukitari 10
ihahihe ni
yufu torishidete
ihahitsutsu
aga omofu ago
masakiku ari koso. 15

3 I have followed the Kogi reading of the curiously involved script of this passage, _hitori ko [ni ko] wo_ = _hitori ko [wo ko] wo_.

4 _ihe_ written _i-ho-he_ (500 houses) for _ihe_ (_iheru_).

11 _ihahihe_ is here a jar, not _he_ a place, _ni_ = together with.

12 _[tori] shidete_ = _shidare_, hang down.

For _akihagiwo_, _kusamakura_ see List m. k.

120

Wotome wo shinubite yomeru uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta (futatsu).

Shiratamano 1
hito no sono na wo
nakanaka ni
koto no wo hayezu
ahanu hi no 5
maneku sugureba
kofuru hi no
kasanari yukeba
omohi-yaru
tadoki wo shirani 10
kimomukafu
kokoro kudakete
tamatasuki
kakenu toki naku
kuchi yamazu 15
aga kofuru ko wo
tamakushiro
te ni maki-mochite
masokagami
tada me ni mineba 20
Shitahi yama
shita yuku midzu no
uhe ni idezu
aga ’mohi kokoro
yasukaranu ka mo. 25

Kakihonasu 1
hito no yokokoto
shigemi ka mo
ahanu hi maneku
tsuki no henuramu. 5

3 _nakanaka ni_, probably = _namanaka_.

4 _hayezu_, not extend thread of language--give utterance to one’s thoughts.

The m. k. (19) applies to _me_ (20).

For _shiratamano_, _kimomukafu_, _tamatasuki_, _tamakushiro_, _masokagami_, _kakihonasu_ see List m. k.

121

Ashigara no saka wo suguru toki mi-makareru hito wo mite yomeru uta.

Wokaki tsu no 1
asa wo hiki hoshi
imo nane ga
tsukuri kisekemu
shirotaheno 5
himo wo mo tokazu
hito-he yufu
obi wo mi-he yuhi
kurushiki ni
tsukahematsurite 10
ima dani mo
kuni ni makarite
chichi haha mo
tsuma wo mo mimu to
omohitsutsu 15
yukikemu kimi ha
toriganaku
Adzuma no kuni no
kashikoki ya
Kami no mi saka ni 20
nigitahe no
koromo samura ni
nubatamano
kami ha midarete
kuni tohedo 25
kuni wo mo norazu
ihe tohedo
ihe wo mo ihazu
masurawono
yuki no susumi ni 30
koko ni koyaseru.

1, 2 form a preface applying to _imo_, (17) to A[dzuma], (29) to _yuki_ or perhaps the whole of 30.

1 _wo_ is not exactly = small, it is a diminutive prefix of intimacy or endearment; _wokaki tsu_ = _wokaki no uchi_.

3 _nane_ = term of endearment or respect; _na-se_ = _na[-n-imo] se[-na]_, &c.

25-30 may be regarded as parenthetic.

For _shirotaheno_, _toriganaku_, _nubatamano_, _masurawono_ see List m. k.

122

Ashiya wotome ga haka wo suguru toki yomeru uta.

Inishihe no 1
masurawo no ko no
ahi-kihohi
tsuma-dohi shikemu
Ashinoya no 5
Unahi wotome no
okutsuki wo
aga tachi-mireba
nagaki yo no
katari ni shitsutsu 10
nochi hito no
shinubi ni semu to
tamahokono
michi no-he chikaku
iha-kamahe 15
tsukureru haka wo
amakumono
soku he no kagiri
kono michi wo
yuku hito goto ni 20
yuki-yorite
i-tachi nagekahi
sato-hito ha
ne ni mo nakitsutsu
katari-tsugi 25
shinubi tsugi koshi
wotomera ga
okutsuki tokoro
are sahe ni
mireba kanashi mo 30
inishihe omoheba!

1-12 introductory, 10 being continuative with 11 … 13-26 declare the lasting sadness attaching to grave and story. 27 to end, the feelings of the poet on hearing the story.

7 _okutsuki_, secluded-mound tomb, or grave-place.

For _tamahokono_, _amakumono_ see List m. k.

123

Oto no mimakareru wo kanashimite yomeru uta.

Chichihaha ga 1
nashi no manimani
hashimukafu
oto no mikoto ha
asatsuyuno 5
ke-yasuki inochi
kami no muta
arasohi kanete
Ashihara no
Midzuho no kuni ni 10
ihe nami ya
mata kaheri-konu
tohotsu kuni
yomi no sakahi ni
hafutsutano 15
momo ono mo
amakumono
wakareshi yuketa
yamiyonasu
omohi madohahi 20
iyushishino
kokoro wo itami
ashikakino
omohi midarete
haru tori no 25
ne nomi nakitsutsu
umasahafu
[me goto no tayete
nubatamano]
yoru hiru to ihazu
kagirohino
kokoro moyetsutsu 30
nageki so aga suru!

The m. k. are: _hashi-mukafu_ (of _oto_), lit. as like as the members of a pair of chop-sticks = fraternal relation (of affection); _asa-tsuyuno_ (of _ke-_ or _kihe-yasuki_), [evanescent as] morning dew; _hafu-tsutano_ (cling-ivy--of _wakareshi_), parted as reluctantly as ivy parts from its stem; _amakumono_ (also of _wakareshi_); _yami-yo nasu_ (of _omohi madohahi_); _iyushishino_ (wounded deer) of _kokoro_; _ashikakino_ (reed-fence) of _midarete_; _haru-torino_ (of _ne_); _umasahafu_ (see List m. k.).

2 _nashi_ = bring up.

6 _ke_ = _kihe_.

11 _ihe_ means a place of residence. _nami_ is _nasa_, not-being-ness.