Chapter XII: Introduction (3)

=mitorashino=, what the sovran taketh hold of; m. k. of _adzusa yami_, white-wood bow, 3.

=mitsugurino=, like three chestnuts (in one shell); used with reference to _naka_, middle--middle as centre chestnut.

=mitsumitsushi=, brilliant, glorious, m. k. applied to _kume no wakugo_, young lord of _kume_, more properly to _kume_, warrior, host of warriors, army (a word of Chinese origin?). The Ohotomo ancestor was an Ohokume (ccxxvii).

=miwotsukushi=, mi-wo-tsu-kushi = _midzu oru no shirushi_, marks to show a fairway. Used, by a quibble, with _tsukushi_, in such a phrase as _kokoro wo tsukushi_, to the very bottom of my heart.

=miyakehiku=, float down timber for palace; m. k. of Idzumi, river.

=miyukifuru=, falling of snow; m. k. of Koshi (one of the north-west provinces very cold in winter), and _fuyu_, winter.

=mochidzukino=, like full-moon; m. k. of _tatahashi_ (complete, perfect, &c.); of _omowa_ (face, visage); of _medzurashi_ (lovely).

=mochitori=, limed bird; m. k. of _kakarahashi_, be concerned, involved in, entangled (as lover is), 62, 183.

=modamoarazu=, not-silent; m. k. of Ihoshirowoda (pl. n.); _iho_ taken as = _ifu_ (_f_ and _h_ were nearly like-sounded), say, speak.

=momichibano=, russet leaves of autumn; with _chiri_, _sugi_, _utsuri_, fall, pass, fade, 174, 192.

=momodzutafu=, hundred-wise thread or coast, i.e. as applied to _yaso no shima_, make one’s way among all the islands; to Minu (as _mi nu_, fair moors, coasting along hundreds of fair moors); Minu of course is merely a place-name, and the application of the m. k. is a quibble.

=momofuneno=, hundreds of ships, i.e. all ships; used with _hatsuru shima_, island where ships anchor, Tsushima, 97.

=momoshikino=, written as a hundred stone-forts (i.e. countless --); _shiki_ seems to have been an earthwork strengthened with stone, _momoshiki no miya_, a palace built with stones enough for countless _shiki_, 33, 74, 75.

=momoshinuno=, hundreds (crowds) of _shinu_ (small bamboo); used with Minu (regarded as _mi nu_ = _ma nu_, true, fine moor), 185.

=momotarazu=, not a hundred--m. k. of _yaso_ (eighty); of _ikada_ (raft--_ika_, how many?); of _i_ fifty (_i tsuki no yeda_--branches of fifty _tsuki_, trees), 13, 131, 204.

=momoyogusa=, a plant said to resemble an aster or pyrethrum; by sound-quibble with _momo yo idemase_--a hundred nights went forth.

=mononofuno=, weapon-wight, armed retainer, guard; m. k. of _yaso_ (eighty, i.e. all the _uji_ or _tomo_, guilds, military families, &c.); of _uji_ (family); of _Ihase no mori_ (Shrine of Ihase), because the _mononofu_ crowded (_ihamu_) the camp, 13, 52, 59, 77, 92.

=murakimono=, the inner organs taken together; used with _kokoro_, heart, as one of them, 4, 128.

=murasakino=, purple colour; used with Kokata (pl. n.), from resemblance of _kokata_ to _koki_, deepen colour or dye deep shade of colour; on account of the fragrance of the flower so-called, a species of Lithospermum, used with _nihoeru_, as in--_nihoeru imo_, my love, fragrant as _murasaki_ bloom.

=muratamano=, like a lot of pearls; m. k. of _kuru_, wind, thread or turn round &c.? with _kuru ni kugi sashi_ = pivot of door, turning round like stringed pearls. Some equate the m. k. with _nubatama_, q. v.

=muratorino=, flocking birds; with _mure_ (assemble); _asatachi_ (morning flight); _idetachi_, start and rise (of birds), 92, 117, 166.

=nabikimono=, what bends, yields; with _yorineshi_, sleep close by.

=naguhashi= (--ki), name or fame-fine; descriptive m. k. of Yoshinu, Samine no shima, Inami, &c.

=nagurusano=, a bow-shot distance; m. k. of _tohoki_, &c.

=nahanorino=, like rope-seaweed; with _hiku_ (draw, haul), 173; also with phrase _na ha katsute norazhi_ (name not yet told).

=nakukonasu=, like weeping child; m. k. of _shitafu_ (to love, as child crying for its mother); _koto dani tohazu_ (infans); _ne nomi shi nakayu_ (sound of weeping and wailing); _yuki-tori-saguri_ (cry for things as children do), 49, 61, 173.

=nakutadzuno=, screaming crane; used with _ne nomi shi nakayu_ (see _nakukonasu_), 55.

=nakutorino=, like screaming birds; with _ma naku toki nashi_ (continuously); here the m. k. is used as sound- and sense-quibble.

=namayomino= (_nama yo mi no_), fresh sweet flesh (of shell-fish; applied by quibble to Kahi, name of province); _-- kahi_ = shell, 37.

=naminohono=, like crest of wave; m. k. of _itaburashi_ (_itodo furu_), heave wildly.

=nanorisono=, like _nanori_ (_naminori_ = wave-ride), a seaweed, Sargassum sp.?; a quibbling m. k. of _na_, name, _nanori_, tell name, _noru_, tell, _na nori so_, do not tell.

=narashibano=, apparently oak-faggots; used, by sound-quibble with _nare_?

=narukamino=, like thunder-god; m. k. of _oto_, sound, noise, 72.

=natsukusano=, like summer herbs; m. k. of Nu (pl. n.) = _no_, moor, or _nayu_, grow, flourish--_nayu_ contracted into _nu_; of _nayete_ (_nayu_), in _omohishinayete_ (think inclinedly of, love), here rather to _shinayete_, 16, 26.

=natsusobiku=, written summer-hemp-draw, is explained as _na tsuri sawo hiku_, fish-angling-rod-haul; m. k. of _umi_, sea, as in Unakami (pl. n.) = _umi no kami_, of _Unahi_ = _umi na hi_ (_umi no ahi_)? Another explanation is more literal--the hemp gathered in summer from the _une_ or furrows, 148.

=nayotakeno=, like bending bamboo, m. k. of _towoyoru_; _towo_ = _tawa_ (of _tauamu_), flexuous, gracefully pliant, delicate, 29, 45.

=nihanitatsu=, plant within forecourt, here, i.e. garden; m. k. of _asa_, in _asate kobusuma_ (hempen coverlet or rug or night-garment).

=nihatadzumi=, form pool; said of the flow of tears (_nagaruru namida_).

=nihatsutori=, forecourt-bird; the cock.

=nihimurono=, like new dwelling, it ought to be _nihimuro wo fumi-shidzumi_, tread level the earth-floor or platform of a new dwelling, and the whole phrase applied by pivot-word (_fumi-shidzumi_), to Shidzu no ko, the girl Shidzu (Miss Gentle).

=nihotorino=, like grebe or water-fowl pairing together (like turtle-doves emblematic of spousal love); this m. k. used generally with words of affection, _futari narabi_ (passing life together), _nadzusahi_ (floating together), &c., also with _kadzuki_ (dive), _ashi nure_ (wet-foot), _oki naga_, for _iki naga_ (long-breath--as after diving), 48, 61.

=nikogusano=, like _niko_ (?) flower; m. k. of _hanatsuma_ (woman finely dressed? Cf. _hana yome_ = bride); also, by sound-quibble, of _nikoyaka_.

=nochiseyama=, Nochise-hill, by sound-quibble used with _nochi_, after.

=notogahano=, Noto river, used as if, _noto_ = _nochi_, cf. Nochiseyama.

=nubatamano= (there exists a good deal of learning on this word). It may be taken as = black berries of Pardanthus sinensis, and applicable to things black or dark--night, dream, moon, &c., 23, 24, 59, 60, 153, 154, 240.

=nutsutorino=, moor-bird; i.e. _kingishi_ (_kizhi_), pheasant.

=nuyetorino= (nuyekotori), like _nuye_-bird, whose cry is like that of lamentation--perhaps a sort of owl; a m. k. of _uranage_ (lamentation); also of _katakohi_ (solitary love--as when lovers parted); of _nodoyobi_ (throaty, hoarse-voiced).

=ochitagitsu=, the fall and roar of rapids, cascades, &c.; applications obvious, 71.

=ohobuneno=, like great ship; applied to Katori no umi (pl. n.); to _kaji-tori_, steersman; other applications are obvious, one is to _tanomu_, rely on, trust to (as a sailor to his tall ship), 17, 22, 26, 27, 59, 70.

=ohokimino=, great lord; applications obvious, e.g. to Mikasa yama (hill-name), 47.

=ohokuchino=, great-jaws; used with Makami no hara, see 153; allusion, perhaps, to _ôkami_, wolf.

=Ohotomono=, used with Mitsu and Takashi (pl. n.); the reference is to the history of the Ohotomo clan. Cf. the Manyô lays on this clan.

=ohotorino=, great-bird, a name given to several large birds, swan, crane, fêng-bird, &c.; applications obvious.

=ohowigusa=, Scirpus lacustris, L. (Japanese variety); this seems to be used with _yoso_ (elsewhere, anywhere), by sound-quibble as if _yoso_, were _ohoyoso_ (oyoso), everywhere, generally.

=ohoyukino=, great snow-storm; used with _midare_, confusion.

=okinisumu=, mid-sea-dwelling; applications obvious.

=okitsumono= (_oki tsu mo no_), mid-sea sea-weed; used with Nabari no yama (hill-name),--_nabaru_ = _kakaru_ and _nabiku_, yield, bend.

=okitsunami=, deep-sea waves; applications are obvious when they occur, to wave-motion, wave-restlessness, wave-heaving, &c., 252.

=okitsutori=, mid-sea-birds; applications obvious.

=okuyamano=, inner mountains, that is away from coast, recesses of the hills; applications obvious.

=oshiteru= (--_ya_), probably _oshitateru_, surging, toppling; applied to Naniha (_nami-haya_, swift waves). Some prefer to read the m. k. as sparkling, shining, 48, 77, 79, 259. 261.

=sabahenasu=, buzz like flies in _sa_ (5th) month; used with _sawaku_, make a noise or commotion (as a crowd does), 52, 69.

=Sadanourano=, place-name; by sound-quibble applied to _konosada_ (_wori_) _sugite_, the time having passed.

=sadzuhitono=, like hunters or fishers (wild boar or whale, &c.)--used with Yutsuki (hill-name), _yu_ = _yumi_, bow.

=sagoromono=, outer garment; used with _wo_, cord, with which it was fastened (sound-quibble in Wotsukubanero)--_wo_ is here a prefix, perhaps of praise, sort of diminutive.

=sahidzuruyo=; see kotosaheku.

=sakatorino=, birds (that fly) about the pass; used with _asa koye_, morning or early crossing of a pass, 12.

=sakidakeno=, like split bamboo; used with phrase _sogahi ni neshi_, sleep like halves of split bamboo, back to back.

=sakikusano= (Habenaria radiata, Thun.); a three-stemmed plant, name of which is thus used, with reference to the middle stem, with _naka ni nemu_, sleep between (as child between parents), 70.

=sakuhanano=, blooming blossom; used with _utsurofu_, change, fade.

=sakurabana=, cherry-blossom; used with _sakaye wotome_, blooming maid.

=sanakadzura= (_sanekadzura_), 160.

=sanekadzura= (see _sana k--_), Kadzura japonica, L.; a long-coiling creeper, hence used with phrases and words involving reference to time, _nochi_ (after), _ahamu_ (will meet), _tayuru_ (cease), 27, 161.

=sanekayano=, seems = _sanekadzura_; (also _kaya_ with strong close roots); used with reference to _makoto nagoya_ = sane, true, real--yielding, soft.

=sanidzurafu=, truly red-like, ruddy; used with _ohokimi_, _kimi_, _imo_, _wotome_, _iro_ (colour, complexion), _momichi_ (red of autumn), _himo_ (cord, girdle), 45, 55, 94.

=sashinamino=, be on level, in row with; used with _tonari_, neighbouring (buildings, houses, &c.), 90.

=sashinoboru=, ascend up towards heaven; said of Hirume no mikoto.

=sashisusumu=, a difficult word, as written = stick out; read with _kuru_ (_kuri_), chestnut with the spines on, by sound-quibble as m. k. of _Kurusu_ (name of a moor).

=sasudakeno=, sprouting bamboo; bamboo shooting from the ground, a rapid process denoting vigour, &c.--hence used with words meaning lord, prince, &c. also with phrase _ha komorite_ (_ha_) = leaf-hidden, 92, 93.

=sasuyanagi=, planted willow; slip of planted willow quickly roots, hence m. k. used with _ne haru_ said of _adzusa_ (white-wood, bow-wood), root-spread.

=sawoshikano=, like hart or buck; used with Iri (name of a moor), _iri_ read as _iru_, be in, i.e. where deer are.

=sayuribana=, lily-flower; m. k. of _yuri_, lily.

=sazarenami=, ripples; with _iso_, shore; _shikite_ repeatedly; _yamu toki mo nashi_, without ceasing; _tachete mo wite mo_, continually.

=shidzutamaki=, armlet of mean person; with _kazu ni mo aranu_ (of no account), _iyashiki_, mean.

=shihobuneno=, ships in port with or waiting the tide; used with _narabu_, arrange in row; with _okareba kanashi_ the m. k. is obscure, probably the reference is to ships left in harbour as one spouse is _left_ when other away.

=shikishimano=, an epithet of Yamato as = Japan. A difficult m. k. It is sometimes written ‘spread-out islands’, sometimes ‘stone-work or fort-tract, or island’, the site of an ancient capital.

=shikitaheno=, spread out _tahe_, cloth made of mulberry-bark fibre; or spread-out and fine, used with words meaning dress, pillow, bed-place, dwelling, sleeve, 17, 26, 29, 30, 49, 58, 70, 82.

=shimadzutafu=, threading or coasting islands; m. k. of _fune_, ship, boat.

=Shimanonuno=, Moor of Shima; used, by sound-quibble, with _shibashiba_ (often), _shiba_ and _shima_ being related in sound.

=shimatsutori=, island birds (cormorants); used with _ukabu_, swim, float.

=shinaderu= = shinatsu, steepwise as the rise of a hill; used with _kata_, as meaning hill-slope or shoulder (in compounds), 106. Meaning obscure.

=shinagatori=, either tail (rump)-long bird, or breath-long bird; _nihotori_ (grebe), used with Wina (pl. n.); _wi_ = be with (here = pair, as _nihotori_ do), also with _aha_, perhaps for _uhaha_, upper feathers--but this use is obscure, 104.

=shinahinebu=, bend-_nebu_-tree; Albizzia Julibrissin?--used, by sound-quibble, with _a ha shinubi yezu_, I cannot conceal or endure.

=shinazakaru=, _shina-saka-aru_, having steep passes; applied to Koshi, 214, 252.

=shinunomeno=, shoot of _shino_ or _shinu_ (a small bamboo): used with _shinubu_, by sound-quibble.

=shirakumono=, white cloud; emblem of impermanence, hence used with _sugu_ (pass); with _tatsu_ (rise) in Tatsuta-hill (written with _tatsu_, dragon); also with _taye_ (cease, end), 86, 107.

=shiramanago=, white sand; with words denoting brilliance, clearness, &c.

=shiramayumi=, Euonymus Europoea, L.? the ‘yumi’ (bow) applies to _haru_ (stretch); _i_ (shoot); _hi_ of Hida, as if of _hiku_ (draw).

=shiranamino=, white waves; _to hama_ (shore); _to ichishiroku_ (conspicuous? perhaps referring to beacons on hills); _to omoshiru kimi_, my lord whom I recognize clearly.

=shiranuhino=, of unknown fires; used with Tsukushi, where strange flames are supposed to have been seen by a Mikado. Probably they were watch-fires or beacons, but see lay 61.

=shiranukuni=, ignorant, i.e. foreign land; used with _yori koseji_ (Kosè road), _yorikose_ being understood as involving a reference to bringing a foreign land under the beneficent rule of the Mikado.

=shirasugeno=, white (or shining) sedge; with Manu (name of a place famous for its sedges); also, sound-quibble, _shiraretaru_, known.

=shiratamano=, like white jewel, precious, lovely, &c., 120.

=shiratohoru=, a very difficult word, used with Wonihita (hill-name)--the suggestion has been made, _shira to horu_, where men dig out white (fine) grindstones!

=shiratorino=, white bird; used with _sagi_, stork (Sagisaka, pl. n.); with Tobayama (_tobu_ = fly); also, obscurely, with _ma nu_.

=shiratsutsuzhi=, white azalea; used, by sound-quibble, with _shiranu_ (_koto mochi_), not-know.

=shiratsuyuno=, white dew; with _ke_, vanish.

=shirayukino=, white snow; with _ichishiroku_, conspicuous.

=shirikusano=, a plant (unknown); used, by sound-quibble, with the phrase _hito mina shirinu aga_; I whom all knew.

=shirotaheno=, white _tahe_-cloth or white and dazzling; with _koromo_ (dress); _sode_ (sleeve); _tasuki_ (shoulder-bands); _hire_ (wimple); _himo_ (girdle or cord); _obi_ (girdle), 24 and _passim_, see 28, 31, 48.

=shishizhimono=, like deer; with _ihahi-fushi_, kneel invoking; _hizawori-fushi_, kneel; these uses refer to deer’s mode of kneeling;--with _yumiya kakumite_, surrounded (as prisoner) by archers as deer are when hunted; also with _midzukuhegomoru_, water-immersed, referring to deer standing in pools for refreshment, &c. (comp. Lamb’s ‘Yon tall and elegant stag, | who paints a dancing shadow of his horns | in the water where he drinks).

=shitabimono= (_shitamono no himo_), string of a petticoat: used, by sound-quibble (partly with meaning), with _shitayu kofuru_, love devotedly.

=shizhikushiro=, written to signify ‘abundant armlets’ but more probably meaning ‘abundant sake’. The m. k. is used as a praise-epithet of _yomi_, Hades, 125.

=sudzukaneno=, like horse-bells; m. k. of _hayuma_, swift horse, government messenger’s horse.

=suganoneno=, rush-root; epithet of _naga_ (long); cf. _omohimidare_ (thought- or love-disturbed); _[ne] mokoro_; _tayuru_ (cease, end).

=sugimurano=, cryptomeria grove; by sound-quibble with _sugi_, pass, pass beyond.

=Sukanoyama=, Suka-hill; by sound-quibble applied to _sukanaku_, unloving or unloved (_sugenaku_).

=soramitsu= (a difficult word), written, sky-seen-station; the usual explanation of its application to Yamato is that it was Yamato that the God Nigihayabi made his goal when he descended from Heaven (see N. I. 111). More probably the m. k. means sky-shine, sky-bright, and should be applied to _yama_ (hill), part of the name Yamato; or it may mean sky-seen, seen high against the sky, 1, 9, 68, 254, 256.

=tachibanano=, like orange-tree; applied to Miyeri (pl. n.); _-- mi_ (fruit of orange), assimilated to Mi.

=tachibanawo=, the orange-tree; used with _mori_, watchman (to prevent theft of fruit), homophonous with Mori[be no sato], a village-name.

=tachikomono=, _komo_ is an Eastland form of _kamo_, wild duck; used with _tachi no sawaki_, the din of rising wild duck as they leave the water with a whirr.

=tachinoshiri=, sword-point; _tachi no shiri saya ni_ Irinu, sword-point has entered scabbard (Irinu = moor of Iri, also _irinu_, has entered); with _tama maku tawi_ (a field sown with rice-seed), the reference is to the jewelled (_tama mahu_), point of the scabbard.

=tadawatari=, cross simply, not in a boat but by wading (as when in a hurry); with _kaha yuki-watari_ (cross stream); with Anashi (river-name), _anashi_ = _ana ashi_ = alas for one’s feet! or Oh one’s feet!

=tadzuganaku=, where the cranes scream; said of Nagoye (creek-name), and _ashihe_, reedy place.

=tahamidzura=, name of a _tsura_, creeping plant, it may = _tamakadzura_; used with _hiku_, draw, pull upon.

=takahikaru=, high-shine, as the sun in heaven; used with Hino miko, Hino mikado; _hi_ denoting sun-descent, 12, 13, 14, 22, 25, 32, 34, 68.

=takakurano=, high-throned; used with Mikasa (hill-name), by reference to _mi kasa_ Sovran’s canopy.

=takamikura=, high-grand-throned; used with _Ama no hi tsugi_, descent from Heaven’s sun, 228.

=takigikoru=, cut faggots; used with _kama_, bill, homophonous with Kama (kura), hill-name.

=takubusuma=, a quilt or sleeping-dress made of _taku_ (white mulberry-bark cloth); hence applied to _shira_, white, in names and compounds.

=takudzununo=, a rope made of mulberry-fibre; used with words of whiteness and of length as _shirahige_ (white hair); Shiraki (a Korean province); _nagaki inochi_, long life, 49, 262.

=takuhireno=, wimple or _hire_ made of mulberry cloth; used with Shirahama (white sands); Sagi [saka], Stork Pass; _kake_, put on.

=takunahano=, cord of mulberry-fibre; used with _chihiro_, a thousand fathoms [long], 29.

=tamadzusa=, precious white-wood (Catalpa); used with _tsukahi_, messenger. Motowori thinks they carried a jewelled wand of _adzusa_ as a badge. Others say _tamadzusa_ were exchanged between men and women, as a keepsake or souvenir in Michinoku, made of paper variously arranged to give different meanings; in Sanuki, a lover’s offering made of straw. It may have been a spray of Catalpa (or cherry?) to which a gift or writing was attached. Now it means simply a letter. Used with _imo_ (my love), it is sometimes merely a praise-epithet (like a kind of Trichosanthes tamadzusa flower), 27, 45, 59.

=tamahayasu=, jewel-like-brilliant; used with _muko_, suitor, bridegroom.

=tamahokono=, a difficult word, jewelled-spear or precious spear; it is used with _mi chi_ (road). Motowori says _mi chi_ originally meant haft of a spear, and thus explained the use with _mi chi_, road. Another account makes it illustrative of the straightness of a good road. Dr. Aston sees in it a phallic sense. The m. k. is found also with _sato_, village (_sato_ = _mato_ = _michi_?), 15, 27, 28, 30, 31, &c.

=tamajihafu=, blessing man’s spirit; _jihafu_ = _sachihafau_ = saiwai; used with _kami_, deity.

=tamakadzura=, false hair, a chaplet; used with _kage_ (for _omokage_? face-form, features); with _kake_, put on, 39, 48.

=tamakadzura=, the Kadzura creeper; used with _tayuru toki naku_ (never ending), and _iya tohoku nagaku_, further and longer in space or time, 74.

=tamakagiru=, said to be error for _kagirohi_, 146.

=tamakatsuma=, _katsuma_ = lidded wicker-work receptacle or basket, pannier?; used with _afu_, meet, fit (as lid does body of basket); also with _abeshi_ (_afu_), and Shimakuma (hill-name); latter use obscure, 48.

=tamakiharu=, this may be = _tamaki haku_, draw on armlet, used with _uchi_ for _ude_ (arm); or limit (_kiha [ma]ru_), length of life (_tama_ = _tamashii_), so used with _inochi_, life, _yo_, period, age. The m. k. is variously written, 3, 64, 69, 70, 136.

=tamakushige=, precious comb-box, toilet-box; used with _ake_ (open), with Mimuro (hill-name), _mi_ = body of comb-box; Futagami (hill-name), the homophon _futa_ = lid; with _ashi_ (reed), as = _asa[ke]_, shallow cavity.

=tamakushino=, like precious comb; (or rather, like _gohei_, offerings), used with many words.

=tamakushiro=, bead or pearl armlet; applied to _te_ (arm), to _maki_ (wind round), as in _maki-neshi_, sleep-entwining-arms, 120.

=tamamokaru=, reap fine seaweed; chiefly a descriptive epithet.

=tamamonasu=, like fine seaweed (or riverweed); used with _ukabe_ (float), _yorineshi_ (nestle close by in sleep), _nabikineshi_, clinging-sleeping, _nabiku_, bend, yield, 13, 16, 17, 23.

=tamamoyoshi=, when fine seaweed is plenteous; an epithet of the land of Sanuki, 30.

=tamanowono=, precious thread, thread or yarn rolled up in a ball; used with words denoting length or shortness (time), or custom, or disorder; _nagaki_, _tayu_, _midaru_, _ahida_, _tsugite_, 53, 148, 192, 251.

=tamatareno=, like bead-lace hanging down; m. k. of _wochi_ (fall, descend); _wosu_ (small bamboo-blind, for door or window), 23.

=tamatasuki=, shoulder-bands or cords to hold the sleeve back, or, according to some, to help the hands and attached to wrists (also _tabatasuki_);--m. k. of _kaku_ (throw on or over), and _unebi_ (--_una ne musubi_, lie on, or round root of neck?), 4, 9, 24, 27, 40, 57.

=tamotohori=, walk, wander about; used with Yukimi (village-name), _yuki_ = go.

=tamukegusa=, offerings to the gods; used with _nusa tori okite_, take and offer pieces of cloth (to a god).

=tarachineno=, like one who suckles; m. k. of _haha_ (mother), connected with _taru_, drop, _chichi_, milk, _ne_ root = source, 48, 66.

=tarachishino= = _tarachineno_.

=tatamikeme= (_tatamikomo_?), _keme_, is Eastland for _komo_, used with Murazhi (pl. n.), _murazhi_ regarded as = _muro shiki_, spread within the dwelling, i.e. the _komo_ (rush), matting (_tatami_).

=tatanadzuku= (_tatanaharinadzuku_); fold up, be in foldings; applied to _yama_ (hills), as many ridged or rising in successive ridges; to _yaharaka_, soft, as easily folded, so to _nikihada_, skin-surface of body, as soft and pliable, 11, 13, 23.

=tatanamete=, written, shield-arranging; (as wall to shoot over), used with _idzumi_, as connected, once identical, in sound with _idomu_, to challenge (enemy).

=tatanedomo=, although-not-rise-start; used with phrase, _Okina ni itari_ (arrive at Okina--_oki_, rise erect being included in meaning of _tata_ (_tatsu_)). Perhaps _okanedomo_ would be a better reading.

=tatsukirino=, like rising mist; used with _sugu_, pass away; with _ichishiroku_, conspicuous, as the mists along marshy tracts are, 39, 222, 251.

=tatsunamino=, like rising waves; used with _shibashiba wabishi_, my regrets as countless as the waves that rise and fall.

=Tatsutayama=, a hill-name; by sound-quibble applied to the phrase _tachite mo wite mo_.

=tatsutorino=, rising-birds (as in the morning by the hills);--applied to _me_ (eye), regarded as contraction of _mure_, flock (i.e. of the birds), in the phrase _me yu ka na wo miru_ (_yu_ = _ni_), with my eyes do I not see you!

=tawarahano=, like child in hand; with _ne_, _naku_, cry, to scream, weep, 59.

=tawayameno=, like woman yielding, weak, &c.; with _omohitawa-yamu_, be weak, feeble, yielding in spirit, thought, intention.

=terutsuki=, shining moon; what one is never tired of (_akanu_) seeing.

=tobusatate=, a difficult word. Kogi explains it as = _tomosatate_ or _tadzukitate_, that is, ply a sort of woodman’s axe; this would explain the use of the m. k. in the phrase _yama ni funaki-kiri_, fell timber for ships in the hill forests. _Tobusa_ according to (I.) means an offering of tree-tops by woodmen to the hill-gods.

=tobutadzuno=, flying crane; sound-quibble, m. k. of _tadzutadzushi_.

=tobutorino=, like a flying bird; used with Asuka (pl. n.), often written _tobushima_. Another explanation is that Asuka = _ashika[ru]_, light of foot = rapid, and birds are both rapid and light-footed, 23, 26, 86.

=tohotsuhito=, people far away, as travellers; hence used with _matsu_ (wait, expect), as in Matsura (_matsu no ura_ = pine-fringed bay); _matsu no shita ji yu_ (from the road under the pine-trees); with _kariji_ (there is a quibble with _kari_, wild geese, regarded as far travellers (on account of their migrations)), 183.

=tohotsukami=, far-off, i.e. far above me--God = Most High Divine Majesty. A m. k. of _ohokimi_, great-lord--His Majesty, 4.

=tohotsukuni=, far-off land; m. k. of _yomi_, Hades.

=tokikinuno=, like dress unfastened; m. k. with words denoting confusion, disorder (_omohi-kohi-midarete_, disordered with grief or love), 128.

=tokitsukaze=, time, i.e. tidal winds; used with _fuku_, blow (Fukehi, name of a strand).

=tokorodzura=, (tokoro), a sp. of Dioscorea (wild yam), a trailing plant; used on m. k. of words of seeking, seeking and not finding end of; (_iya tokoshiku ni_, more and more perpetually), _tadzune-yuku_, go on seeking, 125.

=tokoyomono=, a thing of the Eternal Land; applied to _tachibana_, orange-bush, fruit brought by Tazhima-mori from Tokoyo, western land (China or Korea).

=tokozhimono=, like one lying in bed-place; used with phrase _uchi-koi-fushite_, lying prostrate.

=tomoshihino=, as a lit beacon; used with _akashi_, bright, illumed, in Akashi no Ohoto, great gate or passage, of Akashi (pl. n.).

=tonamiharu= (_tori no ami wo haru_--spread fowler’s net); applied to _saka_, hill-pass, part of pl. n. Sakate--birds being found in numbers in such places, 134.

=tonogumori= (_tana gumori_), spreading of clouds; used with pl. n. Amefuru River; _-- ame furu_ = rain-pour, 153.

=toriganaku=, cock-crowing; traditional m. k. of Adzuma, Eastland, 24, 43, 124, 258.

=torizhimono=, like birds; used with _tachi_ (rise up); _nadzusahi_, swim in water; _uki_, float.

=tsubasanasu=, like the wings of a bird; used with _arigayohitsutsu_, going to and fro; according to Kogi refers to flying through the air of a man’s soul when he dies.

=tsuganokino=, like _tsuga_, tree (_abies tsuga_); used, by sound-quibble with _tsugitsugi_ (in succession), 9, 39, 71.

=tsuginefu=, _tsugi-mine-fu_, where serried peaks are abundant;, descriptive m. k. of Yamashiro. But the _ne_ may refer to forest-trees, 180.

=tsukanedomo=, though-not-bind; used, by sound-quibble with Tsukunu (pl. n.).

=tsukikusano=, like _tsuki_-blossom, of which the colour is easily transferred--hence used with words denoting change, impermanence, &c.

=tsumagomoru=, spouse-secluding used with _ya_, house (in composition), as Yakami (hill-name), here _ya_ probably means eight, i.e. many gods; another meaning is, held within the (_tsuma_) edge of the hand as _ya_, arrow, anciently _sa_. Hence other uses of the m. k.

=tsunadehiku=, where boats are hand-drawn by ropes attached; used with _umi_, sea, lake.

=tsunashitoru=, where _tsunashi_ (herrings) are caught; descriptive m. k. of Himi (name of a creek).

=tsuneshiranu=, not-known, strange; used with Hitokuni (hill-name), _hito-kuni_ = another or foreign province or land.

=tsunusahafu= (_tsutasahafu_), where ivy flourishes; used with _iha_ (rock)--in composition, &c., by meaning or sound on Ihami, Ihare (pond-name), 17, 46.

=tsurugitachi=, straight-bladed (Chinese or Korean) sword; m. k. of _mi_ (body, on which it is girded); _na_ (thou, who wearest a sword); _togishi_ (sharp, bright); _kokoro_ (heart--free from fleck as a bright sword-blade); _saya_, scabbard, in a curious prefatial phrase applying by a quibble to Ikako (hill-name), 23, 29, 105.

=tsutsuzhihana=, azalea-like, 48, 175.

=tsuwetarazu=, short of a _tsuwe_ (ten feet) in length, as Yasaka (hill-name), _yasaka_ = eight feet, i.e. eight which is less than ten …, 196.

=tsuyushimono=, like dew and rime, that _lie_ on objects; hence m. k. of _oku_, place, lay; that soon vanish, hence used with words of passing away, also with _aki_, autumn, when dew and rime are frequent, 16, 24, 48, 50, 92.

=uchiaguru=, _uchi noboru_, rise, raise, elevate, scarcely a m. k.; used with Saho no kahara, bed of Saho river, with reference, perhaps, to _ho_ = ear of corn, spike. Saho seems to be written also _maho_, the character for _ho_ meaning sail, which would point to sails being known in the eighth century.

=udzuranaku=, quail-cry; used with _furu_, old, and compounds--signifying where now quail cry (i.e. deserted).

=udzuranasu=, quail-like, with _ihahi motohori_, wander around calling upon a dead lord with crouch and cry like quails, 24.

=uchihisasu= (_uchihisatsu_), sunny, sunshiny; used with _miya_, palace, and its compounds, 49, 66, 136, 168.

=uchinabiku=, bend, droop; with _haru_, spring (when young plants droop); _kusa_ (herbs), as in Kusaka Hill; _kurokami_, jetty tresses, disordered hair of girl waiting for her lover, 51, 110.

=uchitawori=, used with Tamu no yama (Tamu hill); the meaning would be ‘where the path or track winds down’; _Tamu_ is contraction of _tamotohoru_, wander around, &c., _ta_ is intensive prefix.

=uchiyosuru= (_-- yesuru_), come, be close to; sound-quibble with Suruga (province of).

=uguhisuno=, the Japanese nightingale (Cettia cantans), used with _haru_, spring.

=ukanerafu= (_ukagahi-nerafu_), track trail of; Tomi Hill--_tomi_ = trail-tracker.

=ukikusano=, floating plants or weeds; used with _uki_, float, drift.

=umakori=, written quibble-wise for _umaki ori_, pretty-woven; used with _aya ni tomoshiki_, strangely rare, precious, _aya ayashi_, also written quibble-wise as _aya_, pattern, design, 72.

=umanotsume=, horse-hoof; with _tsuku_ of Tsukushi (_no saki_), allusion to the pounding of the road by the hoofs of a horse.

=umasahafu= (compare _ajisahafu_) = _umashi-ahafu_, abundance of delicious _millet_, applied to _me_ as contraction of _mure_, crowd, multitude. As to its use with _yoru hiru_ (night and day), see under lay 82.

=umasake= (_-wo-no_), sweet or delicious _saké_ (rice-beer); applied to Miwa (pl. n.), because _mi wa_ = _saké_ offered to a god; _mi_, seems to be contraction of _kami_ (sacred) _saké_, hence application of m. k. to Mimoro. Its use with Kamunabi is explained under 7, 206.

=umashimono=, written strangely quibble-wise ‘horse-under,’ but meaning delicious (_umashi_), or delightful thing, applied to a kind of orange-tree--_abetachibana_.

=umazhimono=, like a horse or packhorse; used with _naka toritsuke_ (lead, as prisoner, by rope or halter), and _tachite tsumadzuki_, rise or start and stumble (as a packhorse would).

=umiwonasu=, like spooled (hemp) yarn; used with _naga_ (long), in Nagara, Nagato (pl. nn.), 77, 142.

=umorekino=, like buried log or fossil wood; applied to what is not manifest, to _araharumazhiki_, or to _shita_, under, beneath, what is deep, hidden or unknown.

=unohanano=, harebush blossom (Deutzia scabra); applied to _satsuki_ (5th month, when it blooms); to _uki_, evil, by sound-quibble (_u_); to _saku_, bloom.

=usurabino=, like thin ice, sound-quibble with _usuki_, thin.

=utsusegahi=, an empty acorn-shell; with _minaki_, fleshless, fruitless, selfless.

=utsusemino=, probably _utsutsu mi_, real living personality, written quibble-wise _utsu_ (hollow), _semi_, cicada, i.e. cast off moult of a cicada. Thus the reality of life is bracketed so to speak with its empty vanity. Used with _inochi_ (life), _hito_ (man), _yo_ (world), _mi_ (personality), 18, 26, 28, 50, 191.

=utsusomino=, 251 = _utsusemino_, q. v.

=utsusowo=, _utsusoyashi_, hemp-fibre beaten soft for spinning; (_yashi_ = _yo shi_, exclamatives), used with _womi_ (lord), as homophonous with _womi_, _wo-umi_, spin (yarn).

=utsuyufuno=, a difficult word; it may mean the hollow centre of a spool of Broussonetia fibre, a narrow confined space; or _utsu-mayu-fu_, the hollow of a wild silk-worm (_yamamai_) cocoon; or simply beaten or inner (_uchi_) pulp of _yufu_ (Broussonetia papyrifera), out of which a cloth was made. It is used with _komoru_ (seclude, confine); also with _semaki_ (narrow, scanty), 125.

=wagainochi=, my life; used with _naga_ (long) as though it were [may my life be] long--in the pl. n. Nagato no shima.

=wagasekowo=, my spouse! _waga seko wo!_ _Nakose no yama_, My spouse! _Nakose yama!_ cross it not (_na kose_), i.e. return not, remain with me or return to me. So with Idekoseyama, also with _aga matsu_ (whom I expect); _kose_ = _seko_, reversed.

=wagatatami=, my mat; used with _he_, read as fold or thickness, of Mihe no kahara.

=wagimokoni=, to my love; with _afu_, meet, and compounds as _afuchi no hana_ (Melia japonica?), 137, 199.

=wagimokowo=, my love! used with Izami (hill name), _iza_, _mimu_ = I would fain see! with _hayami hama kaze_, which may be interpreted giving value for the double sense of _hayami_ (_haya mi_), I would fain see (her) as quickly as the wind bloweth; in the phrase _wagimokowo Kikitsuga nu_ (moor of Kikitsuga) = prefatially, as if … _kikitsugi_ … my love whose beauty fame telleth.

=wakahisaki= (_hisa-ki_, long-life tree = _matsu_, pine-tree), young pine; by sound-quibble (partly) used in _waga hisa naraba_, should I live long.

=wakakikono=, like a young child; m. k. of _hahitamotohori_ (creep about).

=wakakomono=, young rush; m. k. of _kari_, reap; -- Kariji no wonu--the little moor of Kariji, 33.

=wakakusano=, like young plants; tender, delicate--m. k. of _tsuma_ (spouse); of _nihi tamakura_, fresh, i.e. young, arm (of mistress), used as pillow; of _omohitsuki nishi kimi_ (my lord whom I love); of _waka-kahe_ (while young); of _ayuhi_ (_ashi yuhi_), leggings of young reeds for travellers, 19, 29, 106.

=washinosumu=, where the eagle dwells; m. k. of Tsukubane yama, 113.

=wasuregahi=, oblivion shell; m. k. of _wasure_ (forget)--it is said to be a kind of clam.

=watanosoko=, sea-floor, sea-bottom; used with _oki_ (deep sea), 65, 79.

=wimachitsuki= (be-at-rest-wait-moon), the moon of the 18th day (of the lunar month); the 17th was called _tachi machi_ (be-up-wait-moon); and the 19th _nemachi_ (sleep-wait-moon); the m. k. is used with _akashi_, in the pl. n. Akashi no to. _Akashi_ = cause to open, or open, or become open and visible under light, 44 (_tachi_, refers to moonrise after full about 8.30 p.m., _wi_, to moonrise next day about 9.50 p.m., _ne_ (after bedtime), to moonrise about 11 p.m.)

=wominaheshi=, the Patrinia scabiosaefolia, Link (a Valerianaceous plant); this may have been used as a salad in ancient days. It is used with _saku_ (blow, bloom).

=woshitorino=, like mandarin duck (Anas galericulata); used, by sound-quibble, with _woshiki aga mi_, ha! (O miserable me!).

=wotomeraka=, is it a maid? m. k. of _sode furu_, sleeve-waving, in the pl. n. Sodefuru hill.

=wotomerani=, with the maid--m. k. of _afu_ (meet) in Afusaka hill, 137.

=wotomerawo=, O the maid! see _wotomeraka_.

=yachihoko=, eight or many spears, 97.

=yahetatami=, eightfold matting, thick matting. See _komotatanu_.

=yahotadewo=, eight (many) spiked _tade_. See _midzutade_.

=yakitachino=, forged sword; with _to-kokoro_ (ready heart); with _he tsukafu_ (gird on warrior’s side).

=yakumosasu=, pierce eight clouds, i.e. many clouds; an epithet of Idzumo--_idzu_ = go forth.

=yakushihono=, like fire under salt-pans; epithet of _kohi_, love.

=yamabukino=, like the Yamabuki blossom (Kerria japonica); m. k. of _nihoeru imo_ (my love, fragrant or blooming as the Kerria).

=yamagahano=, mountain-stream; applied to _tagitsu_, foam, swirl, roar.

=yamakirino=, mountain-mist-like; m. k. of _ibuseki_ (gloomy).

=yamanomayu=, from amid the hills; m. k. of Idzumo in the phrase _Idzumo no kora_ (the maid of Idzumo). _Idzu_ = come forth from.

=yamanowino=, like mountain-well; used with _asaki_, shallow (_asaki kokoro_).

=yamashitano=, see _akiyama_; _akiyama no shitabi_, fading to red of autumn woods--hence applied to _ake no soho fune_, red-stained ship.

=yamasugeno=, like wild or mountain sedge, Carex gaudichaudiana; used with _mi_ (fruit) and various homophons.

=yamatadzuno=, m. k. of _mukahe_, opposite, face; _yamatadzu_ is said to be a woodman’s axe carried always with the edge towards the bearer to avoid injury and offence. No other explanation has been offered. Except a vague reference to the homophon _yamatadzu_ (Sambucus racemosa) which is opposite-leaved. The word might, however, in some cases be an error for _yama tadzune_.

=yamiyonasu=, like a dark night; m. k. of _omohi-madohahi_, disordered, distracted in thought (i.e. with love), 123.

=yaminoyono=, like a dark night; applied to _yuku saki_, the way in front (_yuku saki shirazu_, not knowing the way before one--one’s future course).

=yasakatori=, eight-foot-bird; one drawing a long breath, so _ya saka_ (eight feet deep); used therefore with _ikitsuku_, catch breath, gasp.

=Yasugahano=, like the River Yasu; used, mainly by sound-quibble, with _yasu i mo nezu_, not to sleep well.

=yasumishishi=, there are two explanations. One depends on the written form _ya sumi shishi_, know (govern) eight corners, all corners, the whole empire; the other in the verb _yasumu_, to rest, or _yasumi suru_, _yasundzuru_, to make rest, pacify, debellare. The latter seems the most reasonable; but that does not make it the real explanation. It is always a m. k. of _waga ohokimi_, my great-lord, usually (but not invariably) used in reference to the Sovran.

=Yoshikigaha=, the River Yoshiki, used with _yoshi_ (good, excellent).

=yufudzutsuno= (_dzudzu_), the evening star; m. k. of _yufube_ (evening); of _ka yuki kaku yuki_, hither, thither pass, with reference to the appearance of the planet (Venus) now as an evening, now as a morning star, 26.

=yufuhanano=, like blossom of Broussonetia; m. k. of _sakayuru_, bloom, flourish, 24.

=yufutatami=, a cloth of Broussonetia, folded up to present to a god; m. k. of _tamuke_ (offering), Tamuke no yama (hill-name); of Tanakami yama by sound-quibble reading for _tatami tatana (haru)_, a variant of _tatamaru_.

=yukizhimono=, like snow; applied to _yuki kayohi_, go and come; the m. k. is simply a sound-quibble.

=yukufuneno=, passage of a ship; m. k. of the passing of time.

=yukukageno=, in the phrase _yukukage no tsuki mo he-yukeba_, as the moon with its passing light follows its course. Motowori thinks the text is corrupt, and proposes _aratama_.

=yukukahano=, like the flowing river; applied to _sugi nishi hito_ (one who has passed beyond--passed away, died).

=yukumidzuno=, running water; with _sugi_ (pass on, beyond); with _oto mo sayakeku_ (distinct as the sound of running water); with _tayuru naku_ (without cease); _todome-kane_ (not-delay), 198.

=yukutorino=, like birds taking flight; with _arasofu_ (struggle, dispute, vie); with _murete samorahi_ (throng to render due service, crowd), 24, 184.

=yutanemaki=, sow preparatory rice plants, a sound-quibble m. k. applied to _yuyushiki_, manly, heroic.

GLOSSARY OF WORDS CONTAINED IN THE FOREGOING TEXTS

The following marks denote: ✱ a Japano-chinese-word; T. a word found in Taketori only; Ta. a word found in Takasago only; Ts. a word found in Tsurayuki’s Preface only. The figures refer to the Lays. Only the bare literal meanings are given, sufficient for the purposes of the texts; m. k. = _makura kotoba_, pl. n. = place-name.

=a= (_are_, _ware_), _I_, _me_, &c., _-aga_ = _warega_, 125, 167.

_aga-mi_, myself, 69, 171, 252.

_a-gari_ = _waga moto_, compare _imo-kimi-gari_; _gari_ = _ga ari_, place where one is, dwells, &c., 102.

_ago_ = _waga ko_, my child, my prince, 160, 168.

=abeki= (_ahegi_), pant, 40.

=abenashi= (_ahenashi_), T.

=abusahazu= = _habukarazu_, not omitting; _abusu_ = _nokoru_, _abusahazu_, neg. of lengthened form _abusafu_, 255.

=ada=, vain, worthless, T.; trivial, Ts.

=adomohite= (_ato-_), _hikiiru_, _tomonafu_, lead, accompany, 24, 52, 113, 220, 258.

=adzukaru=, accept charge of, be charged with, receive.

=adzuma=, Eastland, 121.

=adzusa=, white-wood, Catalpa Kaempferi, S. & Z., or possibly an old name of Prunus Cerasus, 3, 27, 29, 104.

=adzusa-yumi=, bow of white-wood, 29.

=afu= (_au_, _ô_), meet, &c. _-- beku_, passim, can-meet.

=afugi= (_ôgi_), look up to, 22, 70. _-- kohi_, look-up-to-intreat, 70. _-- te_.

=afumi= (_aha-umi_?), piece of water, lake.

=Afumi= (_Ômi_), Lake Biwa, 112.

=afurite= (_afuru_ = _afureru_), overflow, 233.

=aga=: see =a=, 4, 67.

=agachi=, _-agatsu_ (_wakatsu_), divide, apportion, 86, 22. _-- tsukahashi_, distribute, send.

=agaki=, paw ground (horse), 17.

=aga-mi=: see =a=.

=agamuru=, extol, exalt, Ta.

=a-gari=: see =a=.

=agari= (_agaru_), mount, ascend, accept drink (_toyo-agari_ = feast, banquet, 257). _-- ki_, mount, embark, come, 102.

=agehari= (_agemaku_), curtain, 226.

=agesezu=, not-do-raise, not raise; _koto --_ = _toku ni toritate ihazu_, 86.

=age-suwe=, raise-place, T.

=agura= (_ashi-kura_), a sort of foot-stool or (_age-kura_?), a raised platform or seat, T.

=ahaba= (_afu_, q. v.), 158.

=ahabi=, Venus’ ear, Haliotis, 79, 181, 229.

=ahade=, neg., _afu_ (in 199 error for _Ahaji_).

=ahame= (_afu_), with _ya mo_, in sense _awazhi_, 9.

=ahamu= (_afu_), 27, 105.

=ahanu= (_afu_), 23, 206, 251.

=ahare=, excl. of grief, wonder, 226.

=aharebi= (_-u_, _-mu_), be sad for, Ts.

=ahasaba= (_afu_), hon. caus.

=ahase= (_afu_), hon. caus. _-- yari_, clash together, 236.

=ahasezu= (_afu_), hon. caus. neg.

=ahashitaru= (_afu_).

=ahazanaru=, =ahazaru= (_afu_), T.

=ahazhi= (_afu_), 161.

=ahe= (_afu_), emphatic with _koso_, T.

=aheba= (_afu_), T.

=ahemu= (_afu_), shall meet, be equal, able to.

_-- ka mo_, Oh, might I be able, equal to, 156, 252.

=ahenu=, not-meet, not-can, 188.

=ahe-nuki= (_tomo ni tsuranuku_), thread, string together = _ahase-nuki_, 211, 214.

=aheri= (_afu_), T.

=aherishi=, _ahi-arishi_ = _arishi_, 211, 214.

=aheru= (_ahi-aru_) 相有 be, is, 152.

=ahete=, for =abete= (_abekite_ = _ahegite_), panting, 44.

=ahi=, a common prefix to verbs, mutually, reciprocally; often of little meaning.

=ahi-arasohiki= (_ahi-arisofu_), rival, dispute, vie, 5.

=ahida=, interval (space, time, circumstance), while, &c., 61.

=ahi-katarahi=, devise together, 105.

=ahikerashi= (_afu_), 165.

=ahi-keru= (_afu_), 104, 合相.

=ahi-kihohi= (_ahi-arisafu_), 122.

=ahi-matsu= (_matsu_), Ta.

=ahi-mimu= (_mimu_), 204; v. _miru_.

=ahi-mineba=, 217; v. _miru_.

=ahi-mireba=, 217; v. _miru_.

=ahi-mishi= (_mishi_), 28; v. _miru_.

=ahi-mishime=, caus. of _miru_, 224.

=ahi-miteba=, 146; v. _miru_.

=ahi-nomamu= = _nomamu_, 87; v. _nomu_.

=ahi-omohanu= (_omohanu_), 201.

=ahishi= (_afu_).

=ahi-tatakafu=, fight together, or simply fight, T.

=ahite= (_afu_), 217.

=ahi-tomo ni= (_tomo-ni_), together, in company, 250.

=ahi-uzunahi= = _tagahi ni ubenafu_, relates to acquiescence of god in prayer offered, 227.

=ahi-yobahi= (_yobu_), written as equivalent to night-creep, but merely a strong form of _yobu_, call, invite, court, 125.

=aji=, spectacled teal (_anas formosa_).

_-- mura_, flock of _aji_.

=ajisahafu=, m. k.

=aka=, red.

=aka-hoshi= (_boshi_), red, bright star, Venus, 70.

=akaki=, red, fresh, honest, i.e. loyal, 263.

=aka-koma=, bay horse, 159.

=aka-mo=, red skirt, 64, 159.

=akanesasu=, m. k.

=akani= (_aku_) = _akazu_ (_itohazu_), not tired of or satiate with, 219.

=akanu= = _akani_, _akazu_.

=akarabiku=, lead in redness, light, dawn as source or cause thereof, 59.

=akaru= (_i_), grow light, grow ruddy, become clear, T.

=akasa=, redness, brightness, T.

=akashi= (_akasu_), brighten, make light, 28, 67, 69; _yo wo akasu_, night-brighten, i.e. become dawn.

=akashi-kurasu= (_shi_), pass dawns and dusks, pass time.

=akashi-tsuraku= (_akashitsuru_), v. _akashi_, grow light, grow dark--passage of time, day, &c., 54.

=akatoki=, bright time, ruddy time, dawn, 96, 199.

=akatsuki=, redness, brightness, dawn, 240.

=akazu=, error for =makazu=, 82.

=akazu= = _akanu_, 97.

=ake=, red, 171.

=ake-kakete=, breaking of dawn, Ta.

=ake-kure=, morn and night; but _ake-gure_, dusk before dawn, day-break twilight, 55.

=akekureba=, as day breaks, lit. as night brightens into day, 21, 72.

=akemaku= = _akemu_, 114.

=akemu= (_akuru_), 44.

=ake-yukinu= (_ake-yuku_), brighten-proceed, change of night into dawn, 179.

=aki=, autumn, _passim_ (originally had reference to filling up of ripening grain).

=akidzu=, dragon-fly, 194, notes.

_-- no ha_, wing of dragon-fly.

=aki-hagi=, autumn bush clover (Lespedeza), 114.

=aki-kaze=, autumn wind.

=akinahi=, trade, T.

=akinamu= (_aku_, open), T.

=aki ni akinu= = _akinu_ (_aku_, open), T.

=akirakeku=, brightly, clearly, freshly, 211.

=akirameme= (_akiramu_), clear mind, &c., of doubt or grief, 220, 227, 255.

=akitarame= (_-mu_), will satiate, 240.

=akitaranu= (_akitaru_, _aki_), unsatiate, not-replete, 25.

=akitsu= (_akidzu_), 180.

_-- hire_, dragon-fly-wing-scarf. _hire_ q. v.

=akitsukami=, manifestation of a god, a title of the Mikado, 93.

=akitsushima=, Island[s] of Full Ripe Grain-ears, a title of Japan, 2.

=akiyama=, autumnal hills, 6.

=aku=, open.

=aku=, brighten, grow light.

=aku=, be satiate, loathe.

=aku-ma=, demons, evil spirits, Ta.

=akuru=, grow open, dawn; _ashita_, opening morrow, i.e. to-morrow, 54, 70.

=ama=, heaven, sky.

=ama=, fisherman.

=ama-bito=, heaven-being, angel, T.

=amabune=, fishing-boat.

=amadzutahi=, sky-traverse, 34.

=amagirafu=, sky-grow-misty, 94, 131, see note text.

=amahashi=, ladder bridge of heaven (connecting heaven and earth), conf. Amanohashidate (place-name).

=ama-hire=, heaven-veils, banners (or screens of white cloth?) carried around coffins at funerals, 28.

=ama-ji=, heaven-road, firmament or atmosphere as tract between heaven and earth, _ohosora_, 62.

=amakumo=, m. k.

_-- no yoso minu_. See note, 149.

=amanaku= (_amu_, _amanu_, not-knit--as in making nets), 182.

=amaneku=, general, universal, Ts.

=ama no hara=, plain of heaven, sky-vault or expanse, 36.

=amarinu= (_amaru_), be too much, in excess.

=ama sosori=, sky-climb.

=amata=, much, many, 102.

=amaterasu=, =amateru=, sky-shine, (_terasu_ is hon. caus.), 22.

=amatobuya=, m. k.

=ama tsu midzu=, waters of heaven, rain, 22.

=amatsu mikado=, heaven-palace (of dead Mikado who returns to heaven), 24.

=amatsukami=, sky-gods.

=amatsumiya=, sky-palace (_amatsumikado_), 25.

=amata=, many, T.

=ama-wotome=, fisher-maid, 40, 80.

=ama-yo=, rainy night, 211.

=ama-zakaru=, heaven-far, far off as heaven, 9, 55, 89, 241.

=ame=, rain, 8, 67.

=ame=, heaven (see =ama=).

=ame-he=, heaven-quarter, sky, 62.

=ame-mazhiri=, rain-commingled, driving rain, 67.

=Ame no kagu yama=, hill-name, also hill counterpart or hill high in heaven? see text and notes, 10, 24, 229.

=ame no shita= (= _tenka_), under-heaven, the realm, the world, 24, 102.

=amere=, _aramu-are_, T.

=ame-shiru=, heaven-know, divinely rule, 14.

=ame tsuchi=, sky and glebe, heaven and earth, 22.

=amori= (_ama-wori_), descend from sky, 24, 133, 255, 263.

=amori-tsuku=, descend from sky and alight (on earth), 33.

=ana=, hole, T.

=ana=, exclamation of surprise, joy, &c.

=anagachi ni=, by force or necessity, T.

=ananahi= = _ashizhiro_, a sort of step-ladder or platform, T.

=anare= = _ari-nare_ = _ari ni are_, T.

=anaru= = _arinaru_, T.

=anata= = _anokata_, there.

=ani= = Lat. num, T.

=annari= = _ari-nari_, T.

=anzhite=, considering, T.

=anzuru=, consider, T.

=aohedo=, green, bilious vomit, T.

=ara=, coarse, waste, wild. _-- yama_, wild hills; _-- nu_, wild moor.

=ara= (_arahareru_), manifest.

=arahashite= (_arahasu_), become or make manifest, 227.

=arahi= (_arafu_), wash, 209.

=araka=, dwelling, mortuary shrine, usually with _mi_, the meaning of _ara_ is not known; the Kogi proposes _aretsugu_, come successively into existence (a word found in the Manyôshiu). But it may be _ari_ (exist), _ara_ (new), or _ara_ (rough-built), 22; _-- ka_ = place.

=arakami=, visible God, Presence (or rough-punishing-god Aston, _Shintô_).

=arakazhime=, previously beforehand, 50, 84.

=araki=, violent, wild.

=araki=, rough unbarked tree-trunks, or _ara ki_, rough stone-fence, or work, or castle, grave-enclosure, mortuary-enclosure, 90, 200, 254.

=arako=, a sort of skip, or coarse-meshed basket, or pannier, T.

=araku= (_aru_), 33.

=arame= (_aru_), 14; _-- ya_, 88, 125.

=aramu= (_aru_), 24, 102.

=aranaku= (_aranu_), 39, 45.

=araneba= (_aru_), 54.

=ara-no=, wild moor, 28.

=aranu= (_aru_), 67.

=ara-nu= (_ara-no_), 28.

=arashi=, storm, 108.

=arashi= (_arasu_), caus. of _aru_, be, 35, or _arurashi_.

=arashi-wo=, fierce, brave man = _masurawo_, 214, 260.

=arasofu=, dispute, vie, 24, 123.

_-- rashiki_.

=arasohi= (_arasofu_).

=arata=, new, fresh, future, 13, 53, 92.

=aratahe=, coarse, unbleachen (opp. to _nikitahe_), 21.

=aratama= (_aratamaru_) = _arata_.

=aratama no=, m. k.: see K. 216.

=aratoko=, rough couch, 30.

=arayama=, wild hills, 175.

=arazarishi= (_aru_), T.

=arazhi= (_aru_), _arazu_.

=arazu=, not-be, be-not, 17.

=are= (_ware_), 1, 4, 6, 17, 29, 67, 206.

=are=, waste, uncultivated, 92.

=are=, be rough, stormy, T.

=are= (_aru_), emphatic form with _koso_, T.

=aredo= (_aru_).

=aremakurashi= (_aremu_).

=aremasamu= (_are-tsugi-masamu_), appear (_arahare_), in succession, 92.

=aremashishi= (_araharemashishi_), was-made-manifest, 9.

=aremu= (_are_ = waste), 190.

=are nikeru= (_are_ = waste), 92.

=aretari= (_are_ = waste), 95.

=aretsugitareba= (_arahare_), be, be manifest, appear, be born in succession, 54.

=aretsukashitsu= (_arahare-tsukurasu_), 94.

=are tsuku=: see 14.

=are ya= (_koso are yo_), certainly be, exist, 55.

=ari=, be--continuative, frequentative, or emphatic prefix as _ari-gayofu_, 91, often written with character 蟻 _ari_ = ant.

=ari=, be (-at, in), _ari no kotogoto_ (_aru-dake-hodo_), as much as.

=ari-ake=, moonlit dawn, Ta.

=ari-dake= (_ari_), as much as, 67.

=ari-gahoshi=, desirable to be, 95.

=arigataki=, grateful, Ta.

=arigataya=, how grateful, Ta.

=ari-kayohamu= (_ari-k(g)ayofu_), pass to and fro, go and come, go, 137.

=ari-katemashi= (_ari-gatashi_), would be hard or difficult, 60.

=arikemu= (_ari_), 47, 95.

=ariki= (_ariku aruku_ = walk).

=ari-ki-nikereba= (_arikereba_), since it was, has been, 222.

=arikinu no=, m. k.

=arikosenu= (_ari-koso-ne_), Oh, be it so! 58, 128.

=ari koso= (_ari_), 119.

=arikuru= (_ari-kureru_?).

=arikuru= (explained by Keichiu as = _arisofu_; by Motowori as = come again, and again in due season), 240.

=ari-matedo= (_matsu_) = _ari-ari-tayezu-matedo_, 184.

=ari-meguri= (_meguru_), go round, 258.

=arinami= (_inamu_), refuse? 171.

=ari no kotogoto=: see aridake.

=arinureba= (_aru_), 59.

=arisama=, condition, T.

=ariseba= (_ari_) = _areba_, cp. _shiriseba_, 50, 84.

=arishi= (_ari_), 48, 77.

=ariso= (_ara-iso_), rough-rock, wild shore.

=ari-tamotohori= (_tamotohori_), doubly frequentative or intensive of _motohori_ = _mahari_, go about or up and down, 224.

=ari-tatashi= (_tatsu_, _tateru_), be erect, standing up, 14, 139.

=ari-tateru= (_ari-tatashi_).

=arite ya= = _arite namu ya_, 20.

=aritsuru= (_ari_), 48.

=aritsutsu= (_ari_), 39.

=ari-yeneba= = _ye-tahe araneba_, intolerable, unsupportable, 24, 67.

=aru=, be, exist, be at or in, 24, 67.

=aruhiha=, or, and again, T.

=arukedo= (_aruku_, walk), 205.

=arukishi= (_aruku_), 64.

=arumi= (_aruru-umi_), waste sea, 100.

=aruraku= (_aruru_), 23, 95.

=aruramu= (_aruru_), 106.

=aruru= (be waste, uncultivated, desolate), 190.

=aruzhi= (_aru-nushi_), lord, house master, T.

=asa=, morning, 3, 4, 10, 12, 117.

=asa=, hemp, 24.

=asa-biraku=, morn-open, dawn, 262.

=asadachi no=, m. k.

=asa-dzukuyo=, morning moonlight, 114.

=asa-fusuma=, hempen plaid, coverlet, sleeping-dress, 67.

=asa-gari=, morning hunt, 3.

=asa-giri=, morning mist, 224.

=asa-hi-nasu=, morning sun-like, 136.

=asahisashi=, m. k.

=asa-kami=, morning (disordered) hair, 60.

=asa-kaze=, morning wind, 97.

=asa-kinu=, hempen vestment, mantle, 124.

=asamashigari=, _asamashiku_, idea of alarm, struck with wonder, fear, &c., or broken-down, pusillanimous (with fear, wonder, hardship, &c.) (_akereru_, _ozomashi_), T.

=asamoyoshi=, m. k.

=asa-nagi=, morning calm, 80.

=asanasana= (_asana-asana_), morning after morning, 70.

=asarishi= (_asaru_), pick up food (as birds, &c.), 220, 226.

=asasarazu= (_-- hanarazu_), every morning, 223.

=asa-tedzukuri=, hempen hand-made, home-made, 203: see notes (_te sei_, _te ori_, _ono ga te no tsukuri_, tribute cloth (hand-end)).

=asa-tori=, morning birds, 20.

=asa-tsuyu=, morning dew, 123.

=asa-yohi=, morn and even, 48.

=asa-yufu=, morn and even, Ta.

=ase=, sweat.

=ase-kake=, break out in sweat, 110.

=ashi= (_yoshi_), reed, Phragmites communis, 70, 198.

=ashi=, foot, Ta, _ashi moto_, where the feet are, Ts.

=ashi-he= (_he_), reedy place, marsh, 96.

=ashibi= (_asebi_), Andromeda jap^a., 98.

=ashibiki= (_ashihiki_) =no=, m. k.

=ashi-gamo=, reed-duck, 225.

=ashige=, reed colour, grey, 185.

=ashihara=, reed-plain, 22.

=ashi-he= (_ashi-be_).

=ashi-kaki=, reed-fence, 123, 155.

=ashikaranu=, not bad, not uncomely, 98.

=ashikaru=, reed-reap, 223.

=ashikeku=, bad, unworthy, 70.

=ashiki= (_-ku-karamu_), evil, bad, T.

=ashita=, morrow, 3, 29, 70.

=ashi-tori=, pull out by feet, T.

=ashi-zuri=, shuffle feet (sign of agitation), 105, 116.

=aso= = _yaso_, 80; i.e. very many, all, 139.

=asobaku= (_asobu_), 246.

=asobamu= (_asobu_), 84.

=asobane= (_asobu_), precative imperative, 246.

=asobashishi= (_asobu_), past hon. caus., 183.

=asobi= (_asobu_), 21.

=asobikemu= (_asobu_), 64.

=asobishi= (_asobu_), 84.

=asobu=, do, be pleased, deign to do, be diverted, amused, go or travel for one’s own pleasure, more or less hon. quasi-auxil., vb., 33.

=asoso= (_wadzuka ni_), somewhat, slightly, 57 (note).

=asu=, to-morrow, 21, 105.

=ata= (_ada_) _mamoru_, foe-ward, observe, guard against enemy, 86, 258.

=atahi=, price (_atafu_, _atahanu_ = be equivalent, equal to--as in combat &c.).

=atamitaru=, hostile, fierce, 24.

=atara=, excellent, precious, valuable, 250 (note).

=atara-mi= (_atara_).

=atara-shiki= (_atara_), 144, 190 (the mod. _atarashiki_ = new, fresh, &c.).

=atari=, neighbourhood, locality, 17, 55.

=atenaru=, of gentle, or noble birth, _ate_ said to be _uhate_, upper hand, or government, T.--perhaps an Ainu word, comp. _Atahe_, name of a rank.

=ateyaka ni=, gracefully, nobly, T.

=ato=, trace, step, 50, 198, in 67 _ato no katu_, foot of (bed).

=atomohi= (_atomofu_, _adomofu_) = _tomonafu_, _hikiiru_, conduct, lead, invite, 113.

=atosuwe=, course, or track, Ta.

=atsukeku=, warm, 110.

=atsumari= (_-u-inu_), assemble, T.

=atsumi=, crowded, 71, 227, in last refers to mountains, as _hiromi_, wide-spaced, widespread (or numerous?) to rivers.

=atsumuru=, gather, collect (persons &c.), T.

=awatenu=, composed, not agitated (_awate awatsu_), T.

=awo=, blue-green, green, blue, sort of grey (with _koma_ 17, _nami_ 102, _hata_ 55), _awoma_, however, seems = clear-coloured, i.e. white horse.

=awohata no=, m. k.

=awokaki=, green bush-fence, 11.

=awoki= (_awo_).

=awo-kumo=, blue clouds (apparently cumulus clouds are meant), 186.

=awokumo no= (_awogumo no_), m. k., _shirakumo_, white clouds, would be _cirrus_.

=awoniyoshi=, m. k.

=awosuga=, green rush, 14.

=awoyari= (_yanagi_), green willow, 247.

=awoyama=, green hill, 14.

=awoyeri=, green collar, or border, 124.

=aya=, pattern, design, also a fine stuff, or fabric (silk?), _nishiki-aya_, coloured, or brocaded fabric, 124.

=ayafusa=, danger, T.

=ayamachi=, offence, error, 200.

=ayamatazu= (_ayamatsu-chi_), not be wrong, not in error.

=ayame-kusa= (_gusa_), sweet-flag Acorus calamus, 224, 226 (_ayame_), however, is Iris sibirica.

=aya ni=, strange, extraordinary, extremely, 21, 24, 25, 72, 131.

=ayashigari= (_ayashiki_), T.

=ayashiki=, strange, 13, 44.

=ayashimi= (_ayashiki_).

=ayenu=, be quite full-blown, ripe--_ayuru-mi_, ripe fruit.

=ayu=, trout, 189.

=ayu=, east-wind (Echizen dialect), soft wind, 223.

=ayuhi=, traveller’s leggings, 224.

=ayuko=, troutlet, 51.

=ayumi= (_u_), go on foot, walk, T.

=ayuru=, be full-blown, ripe, 231.

=azane-yuhi=, bind up, knot up (hair &c.), 168.

=ba= for _ha_ = _wo ba_, 6.

✱=baikuwa=, plum-flowers, Ta.

=bakari= (_hakari_), just, only, 67.

✱=bambutsu=, all things, nature, Ta.

✱=bammin=, all people, the whole people, Ta.

✱=bammoku=, all trees, Ta.

✱=ban=, watch, guard, T.

✱=banzei=, a myriad years, Ta.

=be=, a collective word = _kamidachibe_, T.; perhaps = _mure_, guild, company.

=chi=, milk (human), 204.

=chi=, a thousand, 15.

_-- he_, a thousandfold.

_-- yo_, a thousand ages or reigns.

=chichi=, father.

_-- haha_, father and mother, parents, 48, 62, 67.

=chichi=, maiden-hair tree (Ginkgo biloba), 262; _chichi no mi_, quibbling epithet of _chichi_, father.

=chidori=, dotterel, sanderling, 74, 84, 96.

=chifu= = _to ifu_ (that-say) = is called, known as, 49, 51, 62, 94, 150.

=chigiri=, blood-cut, hence oath, promise, T.

=chigo=, child (at breast), T.

=chigusa=, 1,000 herbs, all sorts, T.

=chihahi= (_sachihahi_, _saihai_), blessing, gracious acceptance by a god of prayer, offering, &c., 110.

=chihayaburu=, m. k.

=chihe= (_chi_), _no hito he_, a thousandth, 27, 55, 85, 155.

=chikami= (_-ki_), near, 93, 96.

=chikara=, strength, T.

=chimari= = _tomari_, 260.

=chimata=, road, path, 204.

=chirafu= (_chiru_), 17.

=chiraheru= (_chirafu_, _chiru_), 201.

=chirasu= (_chiru_), 92, 101.

=chiri=, dust.

=chirihiji=, dust and dirt, Ts.

=chiri-kosu=, scatter away, 101.

=chiri-midari=, disperse-confusedly.

=chirinamu= (_chiru_).

=chirinuru= (_chiru_).

=chiri-sugi=, scatter, scatter and pass away, 192.

=chiru=, fall and scatter (leaves, flowers, &c.).

=chisa=, a lettuce (_chisha_), Lactuca scariola, L., 230.

=chi-tabi=, 1,000, very many, times, T.

=chi-tose=, a thousand years, 92.

✱=chiu-na-gon=, a councillor of state, T.

✱=chiyau= (_cho_), a curtain, T.

=chiyauzhiya= (_chôja_), rich or elder, chief merchant.

=chi-yorodzu=, a thousand myriads, 86, 133.

✱=chiyou-sesase= (_chôsesase_), punish, T.

✱=chiyufu-shiyau= (_chushô_ or _-jô_), lieutenant-general, T.

✱=chokushi=, royal order; ukase, T.

=da-basami= (_ta-hasamu_), hold under arm, or by side, 31.

=dachi= = _tachi_, plur. suffix, T.

✱=dai=, great; _-- kuwan_, great petition or desire; _-- zhin_ (_otodo_), _-- nagon_, great councillor, T.

=dani=, even, &c., _dani mo_, 249; with neg. not at all, 27, 30.

=dashi=, caus. of _idzuru_, T.

=de=, =idzuru=.

=desesu= (_funa wo_), float forth, launch boat, 11.

=detachi=, set out, depart, start, 250.

=dete=, go out or forth, start (_idzuru_), 105.

=dochi=, companion, mate, comrade, comp. _dachi_ in _tomodachi_, 27, 215, 219, 245.

=domo=, plural suffix; _kodomo_, children, 197.

=domo=, concessive particle; see gramm.

✱=do sha=, soil and sand, Ta.

=doyomu= (_toyomu_), resound, re-echo, 111, 161.

=dzutahi= (_tsutafu_), pass by or over (_amadzutahi_, _shima --_, 44).

=fu-basami= (_fumi-basami_), bamboo cleft to hold petition (_-i-are-ase_).

=fuchi=, pool, deep still water (river, &c.), 27.

=fude= (_fumi-te_, writing-thing), pen-brush, 210.

=fukaku= (=-i=), deep, 59.

=fukami=, =fukameshi=, =fukamete=, deep-be, deep-like, 17.

=fuka-midori=, deep green, Ta.

=fukamiru=, deep-seaweed, _miru_ is Codium tomentosum, 17, 83, 172.

=fukare= (_fuku_), T.

=fukase= (_fuku_), T.

=fukeru=, grow late, 161.

=fuki-kayeshi=, blow-back, T.

=fuki-kurete=, Ta., darkening under (pine) wind.

=fuki-mahasu= (_shi_), blow round, about, T.

=fukinaseru=, blow-resound, = _fuki-naraseru_ (_fuki-narasu_), 24.

=fukishi kahereba= = _fuki kaherishi areba_, blow and blow, not = _fuki-kahesu_, 128.

=fuki-tatezu=, blow-rise-not (smoke, &c.), 67.

=fuki-yoserare=, get blown, be blown towards, on, T.

=fuku=, blow (wind), 161.

=fukumeru=, contain (as bud the flower, &c.), 108.

=fukure= (_-ru_), be swollen, T.

=fukuro=, bag, T.

=fukushi= (_fugushi_), a sort of spade or trowel, 1.

=fumasuramu= (_fumu_).

=fumedomo= (_fumu_) (Chinese _wen_).

=fumi=, a writing, 13.

=fumi-narashi=, tread level, 92.

=fumi-nuku=, tread-pierce, trample on and discard, 62.

=fumi-okoshi=, trample-rouse, beat (deer, &c.), 52.

=fumi tahiragezu=, not trample level, not much more than ‘pace about on’.

=fumi-tate=, trample-start, beat (game, as birds, &c.), 52.

=fumi-tsuki= (_hofufumi --_), ear-ripen month, seventh month, 127.

=fumi-tsurane=, make way through on foot, 168.

=fumodashi= (_fumi wo hodashi_), foot-fetter, halter, &c., 211.

=fumoto=, base of mountain, Ts.

=fumu= (_fumi_), trample, tread on.

=funa= (_fune_), boat, ship, 68.

=funa-bito=, sailor, T.

=funa-de=, boat-start, 199.

=funa-ji=, ship-track, Ta.

=funa-ko=, boatman, sailor, 116.

=funa-yosohi=, preparation of boat for departure, equip, &c.

=funa-zoko=, bottom of boat, T.

=fune= (_funa_), boat, &c.

=furafu= (_furu_), 23.

=fureba= (_furu_).

=furezu= (_furu_).