Chapter VIII: Introduction: Short Grammar of Old Japanese (5)

37 A m. k. of _wo_ taken as _wo_, hemp-yarn--apparently fine and supple, prepared by beating, well beetled (_utsu_).

39 _arikinuno_, a m. k. of _takara_, fair or rich robe.

41 _utsutahe_, see 37; _tahe_ is fine stuff.

44 _tedzukuri_, hand made, home made?

45 _shikimo_ means vestments worn one over the other; _nasu_ = manner, like.

46 = _shiki_, put on over.

47 Lengthened form of _hokoru_, be proud, &c.

48 _inaki_, village headman.

50 = _tamahari hi tamaharishi_, read with 51; with _a_ read _tsumatofu_ (_tsumadohi suru_) _no_.

51 = _uki katachi_ = _ukimori_, a fabric with raised pattern woven on surface.

52 _futaya_, pattern of two colours.

55 _nagame_, _naga ame_, long rains. _imi_, keep out, ward off.

56 _kuri-kutsu_, black boots.

60 _omo tozhi_, lady mother.

62 _hono_ _honoka_.

71 _sugaru_, a kind of sand-wasp.

73 _kazarahi_ = _kazaru_.

74 Not a m. k. here.

91 _ohomichi_ (_miyako he_) _wo kureba_.

100 _kaku no gotoku so shite kitarishi_.

102 = _sasameku_, I who was rumoured about of old as a handsome fellow.…

105 _isa-iza_, _ideya_. I am now pointed at by the girls saying--Oh, look at that old fellow!

109 _sakashiki_, sage, wise.

112 _oi-hito_, _Genkoku_, confer translation.

For _tarachishi_, _minanowata_, _kurenawino_, _utsusoyashi_, _arikinuno_, _shikimonasu_, _tobutorino_, _amakumono_, _uchihisasu_, _sasudakeno_ see List m. k.

204

[Wotome ga] se no kimi wo kofuru uta.

Sanidzurafu 1
kimi ga mi koto to
tamadzusano
tsukahi mo koneba
omohi-yamu 5
aga mi hitotsu so
chihayaburu
kami ni mo na ohose
urabe mase
kame mo na yaki so 10
kohoshiku ni
itaki aga mi so
ichishiroku
mi ni shimi-tohori
murakimono 15
kokoro kudakete
shinamu inochi
nihaka ni narinu
imasara ni
kimi ka a wo yobu 20
tarachineno
haha no mikoto ka
momotarazu
yaso no chimata ni
yufu-ke ni mo 25
ura ni mo so tofu
shinubeki a ga yuwe.

Urabe wo mo 1
yaso no chimata mo
ura tohedo
kimi wo ahimimu
tadoki shirazu mo. 5

2 _chimata_, the road-forks, crossways--there more wayfarers would be met.

6 _hitotsu_ = _hitori_, alone, lonely.

8, 10 _na_ is neg. imperative particle.

9, 10 to be read together.

11 _kohoshiku_ = _kohishiku_.

14 _shimi-tohori_ = _some-tohori_, dye through, penetrate deeply.

For _sanidzurafu_, _tamadzusano_, _chihayaburu_, _murakimono_, _tarachineno_, _momotarazu_ see List m. k.

MAKI XVI, SHIMO

205

Se no kimi wo kofuru uta.

Ihi-hamedo 1
umaku mo arazu
arukedomo
yasuku mo arazu
akanesasu 5
kimi ga kokoro shi
wasure kanetsu mo.

For _akanesasu_ see List m. k.

206

Umasakewo 1
Oshitaru wo-nu yu
idzuru midzu
nuruku ha idezu
mashimidzuno 5
kokoro mo keya ni
omohoyuru
oto no sukunaki
michi ni ahanu ka mo
sukunaki yo 10
michi ni ahasaba
iro keseru
suga kasa wo-kasa
waga unageru
tama no nanatsu wo 15
tori-kahe mo
mawosamu mono wo
sukunaki [yo]
michi ni ahanu ka mo.

1 _umasake_, sweet, pure (sweet or delicious _sake_).

2 _Oshitaru_, _oshi-shitaru_, written as fall or flow down, but here a place-name.

4 _nuruku_ here = gentle.

6 _kokoro mo keya ni_ = _kokoro mo isagiyoku oboyuru kiyoki midzu_.

10 _sukunaki_, _oto no sukunaki yoshi_.

12 _iro_ is the _iro_ of _irose_, _irodo_--also _ira_, _iri_, a word of endearment and respect.

15 _nanatsu wo_, seven, i.e. many beads.

17 _mawosamu_ = _mairasemu_, a woman’s word.

1-7 are an introduction to _oto_.

For _umasakewo_, _mashimidzuno_ see List m. k.

207

Noto no kuni no uta.

Hashitate no 1
Kumaki no yara ni
Shiraki wono
otoshi-ire wa shi
kakete kakete 5
na nakashi so ne
uki-idzuru ya to
mimu wa shi.

4 _wa shi_, an exclamation common in _saibara_ plays. According to Keichiu it means here _nanji_, thou. The Kogi takes it as _yo shi_.

208

Noto no kuni no uta.

Hashitate no 1
Kumaki saka-ya ni
ma-nuraru
yatsuko wa shi
sasuhi tate 5
wite ki-namashi wo
ma-nuraru
yatsuko wa shi.

3 _ma-nuraru_ = _ma noraru_; _noru_ means revile, abuse (_nonoshiru_).

5 _sasuhi tate_ = _sasohi_ (_sasofu_), invite--_tate_ has the usual force.

6 _ki-namashi_, _namashi_ has an optative meaning.

209

Kashima ne no 1
Tsukuwe no shima no
shitatami wo
i-hirihi mote-kite
ishi mochi 5
tsutsuki hafuri
haya kaha ni
arahi susuki
kara shiho ni
koko to momi 10
takatsuki ni mori
tsukuwe ni tatete
haha ni matsuritsu ya
metsuko no tozhi
chichi ni matsuritsu ya 15
mi metsuko no tozhi.

2 _Tsukuwe_, word-play with _tsukuwe_ (12)?.

6 scoop out (the flesh).

10 _koko_, the noise of pounding.

11 _mori_ must here mean pile up, heap up.

13 _tatematsuri_, offer, present.

14 _metsuko_. How to render this word is not clear. It may be a title only, 女津子. But (I.) gives it as = _utsukushimu ko_.

210

Shika no tame ni omohi wo nobete yomeru uta.

Itoko 1
nase no kimi
wori wori te
mono ni i-yuku to
Kara kuni no 5
tora tofu kami wo
ike-tori ni
ya tsu tori mochi-ki
sono kaha wo
tatami ni sashi 10
yahe tatami
Heguri no yama ni
u-tsuki to
sa-tsuki no hodo ni
kusuri-gari 15
tsukafuru toki ni
ashihikino
kono kata-yama ni
futatsu tatsu
ichihi ga moto ni 20
adzusayumi
yatsu tabasami
hime kabura
yatsu tabasami
shishi matsu to 25
aga woru toki ni
sawo-shika no
ki-tachi nagekaku
tachimachi ni
are ha shinubeshi 30
ohokimi ni
are ha tsukahemu
aga tsunu ha
mi kasa no hayashi
aga mimi ha 35
mi sumi no tsubo
aga mera ha
ma sumi no kagami
aga tsume ha
mi yumi no yubazu 40
aga kera ha
mi fude no hayashi
aga kaha ha
mi hako no kaha ni
aga shishi ha 45
mi namasu hayashi
aga kimo mo
mi namasu hayashi
aga migi ha
mi shiho no hayashi 50
oi-hatenu
waga mi hitotsu ni
nana-he hana saku
ya-he hana saku to
mawoshi-hayasane 55
mawoshi-hayasane.

1-10 make a phrasal m. k. to 11, 12.

1, 2 _itoko nase_, terms of endearment (_itohoshi ko nanji no se_?).

3 _wori-worite_ implies long union of husband and wife.

4 _mono ni i-yuku_; an exclamatory phrase denoting an intention or wish to go somewhere or do something.

8 _ya tsu_, eight head of, i.e. many-head of.

17 _ashihiki_ = m. k.

18 _kata-yama_, out of the way, remote mountain, i.e. from City-Royal. But Heguri is in Yamato.

34 _hayashi_, to complete, adorn, make flourish, finish off.

38 _ma sumi_, right clear, the script is _kariji_.

41 _kera_, ‘hairs’, like _mera_ above, ‘eyes’.

46, 48, 50 _hayashi_, chop, mince.

55 _hayasane_ or _hayazane_, precative imperative; _hayasu_, to praise.

For _ashihikino_, _adzusayumi_, see List m. k.

211

Kani no tane ni omohi wo nobete yomeru uta.

Oshiteruya 1
Naniha no Woye ni
iho tsukuri
namarite woru
ashi kani wo 5
ohokimi mesu to
nani semu ni
a wo mesurame ya
akirakeku
a ha shiru koto wo 10
utahito to
wa wo mesurame ya
fuye-fuki to
wa wo mesurame ya
koto-hiki to 15
wa wo mesurame ya
ka mo kaku mo
mi koto ukemu to
kefu kefu to
Asuka ni itari 20
okanedomo
Okina ni itari
tsukanedomo
Tsukunu ni itari
himukashi no 25
naka no mikado yu
mawiri-kite
mi koto ukureba
uma ni koso
fumodashi kaku mono 30
ushi ni koso
hana naha hakure
ashihikino
kono kata yama no
momu nire wo 35
iho ye hagitari
ama-teru ya
hi no ke ni hoshi
sahidzuru ya
Kara usu ni tsuki 40
niha ni tatsu
suri usu ni tsuki
oshiteruya
Naniha no Woye no
hatsu-tare wo 45
karaku-tari kite
suwe hito no
tsukureru kame wo
kefu yukite
asu tori-mochi-ki 50
waga mera ni
shiho nuritamahi
mochi-hayasu mo
mochi-hayasu mo.

Hito-tama no 1
sawo naru kimi ga
tada hitori
aherishi ama yo [ha
hisashiku omohoyu]. 5

4 _namarite_, an old word, obscure, retired, remote (_namari_, dialect, and _namari_, lead (the metal) are probably the same word--something far away [from City-Royal]).

22 _oki_, rise, stand up.

30 _fumodashi_ (_fumi wo hodashi_).

32 _hakure_, _haku_, string a bow.

34 _kata yama_, see 210.

35 _momu_ = _momo_.

39 _sahidzuru_ = _koto sahegu_.

45 _hatsu-tare_ = _hazhime-taretaru_.

5 The part in [] is probably corrupt.

For _oshiteruya_, _ashihikino_ see List m. k.

212

[Tempyô] 13 nen 2 gwatsu Mika no hara no nihi miyako wo homuru uta.

Yamashiro no 1
Kuni no miyako ha
haru sareba
hana saki wowori
aki sareba 5
momichi-ba nihohi
obaseru
Idzumi no kaha no
kami tsu se ni
uchi hashi watashi 10
yodo se ni ha
uki-hashi watashi
ari-gayohi
tsukahematsuramu
yorodzu yo made ni. 15

10 _uchi-hashi_ (I), rough or temporary bridge; so too Motowori.

12 _uki-hashi_, floating bridge, hanging bridge, boat-bridge.

213

Mimakareru oto wo kanashimu uta.

Amazakaru 1
hina wosame ni
ohokimi no
make no manimani
idete koshi 5
ware wo okuru to
awoniyoshi
Nara yama sugite
Idzumi kaha
kiyoki kahara ni 10
uma todome
wakareshi toki ni
ma-sakikute
are kaheri komu
tahirakeku 15
ihahite mate to
katarahite
koshi hi no kihami
tamahokono
michi wo ta-tohomi 20
yama kaha no
he narite areba
kohishikeku
ke nagaki mono wo
mimakuhori 25
omofu ahida ni
tamadzusano
tsukahi no kereba
ureshimi to
aga machi tofu ni 30
oyodzure no
tahagoto to ka mo
hashikiyashi
na oto no mikoto
nani shika mo 35
toki shi ha aramu
hata-susuki
ho ni ’dzuru aki no
hagi no hana
nihoheru yado wo 40
asa niha ni
idetachi narashi
yufu niha ni
fumi-tahiragezu
Saho no uchi no 45
sato wo yuki-sugi
ashihikino
yama no konure ni
shirakumo ni
tachi-tanabiku to 50
are ni tsugetsuru!

18 _koshi hi_ = _wakareshi hi yore_.

20 _ta-tohomi_, _ta_ is an intensitive prefix.

22 _he_, short for _hedate_.

24 _ke nagaki_ = _ki-he nagaki_.

33 _hashikiyashi_ (_hashi-ke ya-shi_--_ya_ = _yo_).

34 _na_ is the _na_ (_nanji_?) of _na se_, _na imo_, &c.

42-4 The negative of _tahiragezu_ is implied also in _narashi_.

For _amazakaru_, _awoniyoshi_, _tamahokono_, _tamadzusano_, _ashihikino_ see List m. k.

214

[Tempyô] 19 nen Kisaragi no tsuki hatsuka no hi tachimachi yamahi ni shidzumi hotohoto mi-usenamu to su kare uta wo yomite kanashimi wo noburu hito uta.

Ohokimi no 1
make no manimani
masurawono
kokoro furi-okoshi
ashihikino 5
yama saka koyete
amazakaru
hina ni kudariki
iki dani mo
imada yasumezu 10
toshi tsuki mo
ikura mo aranu ni
utsusemino
yo no hito nareba
uchi-nabiki 15
toko ni koi-fushi
itakeku shi
hi ni ke ni masaru
tarachineno
haha no mikoto no 20
ohobuneno
yukura yukura ni
shita-gohi ni
itsu ka mo komu to
matasuramu 25
kokoro sabushiku
hashikiyoshi
tsuma no mikoto mo
akekureba
kado ni yori-tachi 30
koromodewo
wori-kaheshitsutsu
yufu sareba
toko uchi-harahi
nubatamano 35
kurokami shikite
itsushika to
nagekasuramu so
imo mo se mo
wakaki kodomo ha 40
wochi-kochi ni
sawaki nakuramu
tamahokono
michi wo ta-dohomi
ma-tsukahi mo 45
yaru yoshi mo nashi
omohoshiki
koto tsute yarazu
kofuru nishi
kokoro ha moyenu 50
tamakiharu
inochi woshikedo
semu sube no
tadoki wo shirani
kaku shite ya 55
arashi-wo sura ni
nageki fuseramu.

15 That is, _yamahi ni_.

18 = _ki-he ni-masaru_ = pass on--increase.

23 _shita-gohi_ = inner or deep, desire, love or yearning.

28 _mikoto_ = here a title of respect applied to the wife.

38 _nagekasuramu_, honour-causative. Compare with the ordinary form below, _nakuramu_.

45 _ma-tsukahi mo nashi_, no messenger one way or the other.

56 = _masurawo_.

57 _ya_ being removed to a position after _fuseramu_, makes the sense clearer.

vv. 6-20 relate to the poet’s illness.

For _masurawono_, _ashihikino_, _amazakaru_, _utsusemino_, _tarachineno_, _ohobuneno_, _koromodewo_, _nubatamano_, _tamahokono_, _tamakiharu_ see List m. k.

215

Yakamochi (mizhika uta).

Haru no hana 1
ima ha sakari ni
nihofuramu
worite kazasamu
ta-jikara mo ga mo! 5

Uguhisu no 1
naki chirasamu
haru no hana
itsushika kimi to
wori kazasamu! 5

Ikenushi (mizhika uta).

Yama-gahi ni 1
sakeru sakura wo
tada hito me
kimi ni miseteba
nani wo ka omohamu! 5

Uguhisu no 1
ki naku yamabuki
utakata mo
kimi ga te furezu
hana chirame ya mo! 5

Yakamochi’s mizhika, 4, 5 _wori_, break.

Ikenushi’s mizhika, 3 _utakata_ = _shibaraku_--_utakata_ is foam; the expression is probably a metaphor.

215 (naga-uta)

20 Tempyô 3 guwatsu mi ka no hi Yakamochi ga uta.

Ohokimi no 1
make no manimani
shinazakaru
Koshi wo wosame ni
idetekoshi 5
masurahare sura
yo no naka no
tsune shinakereba
uchi nabiki
toko ni koi-fushi 10
itakeku no
hi no ke ni maseba
kanashikeku
koko ni omohi-de
iranakeku 15
soko ni omohi-de
nageku sora
yasukeku naku ni
omofu sora
kurushiki monowo 20
ashihikino
yama kihe narite
tamahokono
michi ni tohokeba
ma-tsukahi mo 25
yaru yoshi mo nami
omohoshiki
koto mo kayohazu
tamakiharu
inochi woshikedo 30
semu sube no
tadoki mo shirani
komori-wite
omohi nagekahi
nagusamuru 35
kokoro ha nashi ni
haru hana no
sakeru sakaru ni
omofu dochi
tawori kazasazu 40
haru no nu no
shigemi tobikuku
uguhisu no
kowe dani kikazu
wotomera ga 45
haru na tsumasu to
kurenawino
akamo no suso no
harusame ni
nihohi hidzuchite 50
kayofuramu
toki no sakari wo
itadzura ni
sugushi yaritsure
shinubaseru 55
kimi ga kokoro wo
uruhashimi
kono yo sugara ni
i mo nezu ni
kefu mo shimirani 60
kohitsutsu so woru.

6 _masurawo ware_.

14, 16 _koko_, _soko_, here and there, variously.

15 _iranakeku_ = _irairashi_, vexed, sad.

16 _omohi-de_, thought-go-forth, think of, dwell upon.

22 Read as if _yama mawiri hedatari_.

42 fly in and out in crowds.

55 Hon. caus.

56 _kimi_ is Ikenushi; _kokoro_, that is, of his letter, &c.

60 = _owarazu_.

1-6 Exordium.

9-12 are copied from 214.

9-20 Yakamochi’s illness.

21-36 His regrets.

37-54 Regrets he cannot enjoy the spring.

55 to end, addressed to Ikenushi.

13, 14, 15, 16 are found thus arranged (15, 16, 13, 14) in K. App. LI.

56 _kimi_ is Ikenushi.

For _shinazakaru_, _ashihikino_, _tamahokono_, _tamakiharu_ see List m. k.

MAKI XVII, SHIMO

216

Ikenushi.

Ohokimi no 1
Mikoto kashikomi
ashihikino
yama nu saharazu
amazakaru 5
hina mo osamuru
masurawoya
nani ka mono ’mofu
awoniyoshi
Nara ji ki-kayofu 10
tamadzusano
tsukahi tayeme ya
komori kohi
iki-dzuki watari
shita ’mohi ni 15
nagekefu waga se
inishihe yu
ihi-tsugi kuraku
yo no naka ha
kazu naki mono so 20
nagusamuru
koto no aramu to
sato-bito no
are ni tsugeraku
yamabi ni ha 25
sakurabana chiri
kaho-tori no
ma-naku shiba-naku
haru no nu ni
sumire wo tsumu to 30
shirotaheno
sode wori-kaheshi
kurenawino
aka-mo suso-biki
wotome ha 35
omohi-midarete
kimi matsu to
ura-gohi su nari
kokoro-gushi
iza mi ni yukana 40
koto ha tanashire!

1-12 For the comfort of Yakamochi; 13-20 Ikenushi’s sympathy; 21-38 sympathy of the sato-hito; 39 to end, Ikenushi’s sick friend shall still enjoy the beauties of spring.

16 _waga se_ is Yakamochi, so too _kimi_ in 37.

39 _kokoro-gushi_ is not here _kokoro-kurushi_, but = _kokoro ni natsukashimaruru_, thou art heart-beloved.…

For _ashihikino_, _amazakaru_, _masurawoya_, _awoniyoshi_, _tamadzusano_, _shirotaheno_, _kurenawino_ see List m. k.

The value of some only of these m. k. is incorporated in the translation.

217

Yakamochi.

Imo mo are mo 1
kokoro ha oyaji
taguheredo
iya natsukashiku
ahi-mireba 5
toko hatsu hana ni
kokoro-gushi
megushi mo nashi ni
hashikeyashi
aga oku tsuma 10
ohokimi no
mikoto kashikomi
ashihikino
yama koye nu yuki
amazakaru 15
hina wosame ni to
wakare koshi
sono hi no kihami
aratamano
toshi yuki-kaheri 20
hana haru no
utsurofu made ni
ahi-mineba
ita mo subenami
shikitaheno 25
sode kaheshitsutsu
nuru yo ochizu
ime ni ha miredo
utsutsu ni shi
tada ni araneba 30
kohishikeku
chihe ni tsumorinu
chikaku araba
kaheri ni dani mo
uchi-yukite 35
imo ga ta-makura
sashi-kahete
nete mo komashi wo
tamahokono
michi ha shi tohoku 40
seki sahe ni
he narite are koso
yoshiweyashi
yoshi ha aramu so
hototogisu 45
ki-nakamu tsuki ni
itsushika mo
hayaku narinamu
u no hana no
nihoheru yama wo 50
yoso nomi mo
furi-sake mitsutsu
Afumi ji ni
i-yuki nori-tachi
awoniyoshi 55
Nara no wagihe hi
nuye tori no
ura nageshitsutsu
shita-kohi ni
omohi urabure 60
kado ni tachi
yufu ke tohitsutsu
a wo matsu to
nasuramu imo wo
ahite haya mimu. 65

7 _gushi_ = _natsukashi_.

8 _nashi_ (_nasu_) = _gotoku_.

10 _oku_, here respectful for ‘my wife’.

23 _ahi-mineba_: the object is _aga oku tsuma_, v. 10.

30 _tada ni_, really, verily, actually.

38 _komashi_, from _kuru_.

43 _yoshiweyashi_ = _yoshiya_.

51 _yoso_ = _hoka_, _soto ni_.

54 _tachi_ gives force of ‘get on board’, &c.

58 _ura_, inward, i.e. deeply.

For _ashihikino_, _amazakaru_, _aratamano_, _shikitakeno_, _tamahokono_, _awoniyoshi_ see List m. k.

218

Yakamochi.

Futagami yama no uta.

Imidzu kaha 1
i-yuki megureru
tamakushige
Futagami yama ha
haruhanano 5
sakeru sakari ni
aki no ha no
nihoheru toki ni
ide-tachite
furi-sake mireba 10
kamu kara ya
sokoba tafutoki
yama kara ya
migahoshikaramu
sume kami no 15
suso mi no yama no
Shibutani no
saki no ariso ni
asa nagi ni
yosuru shiranami 20
yufu nagi ni
michi kuru shiho no
iya mashi ni
tayuru koto naku
inishihe yu 25
ima no wotsutsu ni
kaku shi koso
miru hito goto ni
kakete shinubame!

3 m. k. of Futa (gami) as homophon of _futa_, lid.

11, 13 _kara_ = _gara_.

12 _sokoba_ = _sokobaku_.

15 _sume kami_ = _Futa kami_, _kami_ being taken as ‘god’.

16 _mi_ = neighbourhood.

26 _wotsutsu_ = _utsutsu_.

For _tamakushige_, _haruhanano_ see List m. k.

219

U-tsuki no towoka ’mari muka no hi no yo haruka ni hototogisu no kowe wo kikite omohi wo noburu uta hitotsu.

Migi Yakamochi ga kore wo yomeru.

Ohoki fumihito Hada no Imiki Yachishima no tachi nite Yakamochi wo umanohanamuke suru utage no uta futatsu.

Migi no Yakamochi ga Shôzeichô wo mochite miyako ni mawiramu to su kare kono uta wo yomite wakare no nageki wo noburu.

Fuse no midzu-umi asoberu uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta hitotsu.

Yakamochi.

Mononofuno 1
yaso tomo no wo no
omofu dochi
kokoro yaramu to
uma namete 5
uchi-kuchi-buri no
shiranami no
ariso ni yosuru
Shibutani no
saki tamotohori 10
Matsudaye no
naga-hama sugite
Unahi gaha
kiyoki se goto ni
u kaha tachi 15
ka yuki kaku yuki
mitsuredomo
soko mo akani to
Fuse no umi ni
fune uke-suwete 20
oki-he kogi
he ni kogi mireba
nagisa ni ha
ajimura sawaki
shima-mi ni ha 25
konure hana saki
kokobaku mo
mi no sayakeki ka
tamakushige
Futa-gami yama ni 30
hafutsutano
yuki ha wakarezu
ari-gayohi
iya-toshi no ha ni
omofu dochi 35
kaku shi asobamu
ima mo miru goto.

3 _dochi_ = _tomo_, comrade, friend.

4 _kokoro yaramu_, give one’s heart, abandon oneself to enjoyment.

6 _uchi-kuchi-buri_ = _wochi-kochi_.

15 set up a cormorant fishery.

25 about the islands.

28 _mi_ = miru.

34 _toshi no ha_ (_shi_) to end of a year, or years.

For _mononofuno_, _tamakushige_, _hafutsutano_ see List m. k.

220

Ikenushi.

Fuse no midzu-umi no uta ni kotahe-mawosu uta.

Fujinami ha 1
sakite chiri niki
u no hana ha
ima so sakari to
ashihikino 5
yama ni mo nu ni mo
hototogisu
naki shi toyomeba
uchi-nabiku
kokoro mo shinu ni 10
soko wo shi mo
ura-kohishimi to
omofu dochi
uma uchi-murete
tadzusahari 15
ide-tachi mireba
Imidzu kaha
minato no su-dori
asa nagi ni
kata ni asarishi 20
shiho miteba
tsuma yobi kahasu
tomoshiki ni
mitsutsu sugi-yuki
Shibutani no 25
ariso no saki ni
okitsu nami
yose-kuru tamamo
katayori ni
katsura ni tsukuri 30
imo ga tame
te ni maki-mochite
uraguhashi
Fuse no midzu-umi ni
ama-bune ni 35
ma-kaji kai nuki
shirotaheno
sode furi kaheshi
adomohite
waga kogi yukeba 40
Wofu no saki
hana chiri magahi
nagisa ni ha
ashi-gamo sawaki
sazare nami 45
tachite mo wite mo
kogi meguri
miredomo akazu
aki saraba
momiji no toki ni 50
haru saraba
hana no sakari ni
ka mo kaku mo
kimi ga manimani
kaku shi koso 55
mi mo akirameme
tayuru hi arame ya.

2 _niki_ = _iniki_, has gone.

27 Read _okitsu nami no kata yori ni yosekuru sono tamamo_, the seaweed that the ocean waves fling shorewards.

38 making our sleeves flutter as we ply the sculls.

51 when spring comes forth.

For _ashihikino_, _shirotaheno_ see List m. k.

221

Yakamochi.

Tachiyama no uta hitotsu [kono yama ha Arakaha no kohori ni ari].

Amazakaru 1
hina ni na kakasu
Koshi no naka
kunuchi kotogoto
yama ha shi mo 5
shizhi ni aredomo
kaha ha shi mo
saha ni yukedomo
sume kami no
ushi-haki imasu 10
Nihi kaha no
sono Tachi yama ni
tokonatsu ni
yuki furi shikite
obaseru 15
Katakahi kaha no
kiyoki se ni
asa yohi goto ni
tatsu kiri no
omohi sugime ya 20
arigayohi
iya toshi no ha ni
yoso nomi mo
furi-sake mitsutsu
yorodzu yo no 25
katarahi-gusa to
imada minu
hito ni no tsugemu
oto nomi mo
na nomi mo kikite 30
tomoshiburugane.

2 _na kakasu Koshi_--_Koshi_, that answers to its name; _koshi_ = _kosu_, to cross (the hills)--referring to the situation of the province with regard to City-Royal.

4 _kunuchi_, _kuni uchi_.

13 _tokonatsu_ = _hisashiku nodoka_ (Keichiu).

22 as years run on.

26 = _katarahi-tane_, ‘seed’, or subject, or matter of discourse, narrative, &c.

31 = _urayamashigaru tame ni_.

For _amazakaru_ see List m. k.

222

Ikenushi.

Tachiyama no uta ni kotahe-mawosu uta.

Asahisashi 1
so-gahi ni miyuru
kamu nagara
mi na ni ohaseru
shirakumono 5
chihe wo oshiwake
ama sosori
takaki Tachi yama
fuyu natsu to
waku koto mo naku 10
shirotaheni
yuki ha furi-okite
inishihe yu
ari-ki nikereba
kogoshi ka mo 15
iha no kamusabi
tamakiharu
iku yo he nikemu
tachite wite
miredomo ayashi 20
mine-dakami
tani wo fukami to
ochi-tagitsu
kiyoki kafuchi ni
asa sarazu 25
kiri tachi-watari
yufu sareba
kumo wi-tanabiki
kumowinasu
kokoro mo shinu ni 30
tatsukirino
omohi sugusazu
yuku midzu no
oto mo sayakeku
yorodzu yo ni 35
ihi-tsugi yukamu
kaha shi tayezuba.

1-14 description of Tachi-yama; 15-28 its beauty and majesty; 29 to end its effect upon the beholder.

1 m. k. of _sogahi_ (see glossary)--_so-gahi ni miyuru_, seen from back (of house or _tachi_ of Ikenushi?). The m. k. is used in reference to the dazzling brightness of the morning sun necessitating one’s turning (_kahi_) one’s back (_so_) to it. I am not, however, satisfied with this explanation.

For _asahisashi_, _shirakumono_, _tamakiharu_, _kumowinasu_, _tatsukirino_ see List m. k.

223

Yakamochi.

Miyako ni yaya chikaku mawiramu koto kanashimi no kokoro harahi-gatakute omohi wo noburu uta.

Kakikazofu 1
Futagami yama ni
kamusabite
tateru tsuga no ki
moto mo ye mo 5
oyazhi tokiha ni
hashikiyoshi
waga se no kimi wo
asa sarazu
ahite koto-dohi 10
yufu sareba
te tadzusaharite
Imidzu kaha
kiyoki kafuchi ni
ide-tachite 15
waga tachi-mireba
ayu no kaze
itaku shi fukeba
minato ni ha
shiranami takami 20
tsuma yobu to
su-dori ha sawaku
ashi-karu to
ama no wobune ha
iri ye kogu 25
kaji no oto takashi
soko wo shi mo
aya ni tomoshimi
shinubitsutsu
asobu sakari wo 30
Sumerogi no
wosu kuni nareba
mikoto mochi
tachi-wakare nareba
okuretaru 35
kimi ha aredomo
tamahokono
michi-yuku ware ha
shirakumono
tanabiku yama wo 40
iha-ne fumi
koye henarinaba
kohishikeku
ke no nagakemu so
soko ’moheba 45
kokoro shi itashi
hototogisu
kowe ni ahe-nuku
tama ni mo ga
te ni maki-mochite 50
asa yoki ni
mitsutsu yukamu wo
okite ikaba woshi.

8 _waga se_ is Ikenushi.

17 east wind, a local term.

23 _ashi wo karu_, gather reeds.

36 _kimi_, Ikenushi.

48, 49 The making of the _kusudama_ at the time of the cuckoo’s song being heard.

53 I read this as = _[kusu] tama wo nokoshite okite yukaba oshikaramu_, it would be regrettable to leave behind (or put aside or neglect) the posy.

For _kakikazofu_, _tamahokono_, _shirakumono_ see List m. k.

224

Ikenushi.

Tachimachi miyako mawiramu omohi wo noburu no yomeru wo mite iki-nagara wakarura kanashimitari danchô mankwai yenketsu wo nozoki-gatashi isasaka shoshin wo sôsu uta.

Awoniyoshi 1
Nara wo ki-hanare
amazakaru
hina ni ha aredo
waga seko wo 5
mitsutsu shi woreba
omohiyaru
koto mo arishi wo
ohokimi no
mikoto kashikomi 10
wosu kuni no
koto tori-mochite
wakakusano
ayuhi ta-dzukuri
muratorino 15
asa-dachi inaba
okuretaru
are ya kanashiki
tabi ni yuku
kimi ka mo kohimu 20
omofu sora
yasuku araneba
nagekaku wo
todome mo kanete
mi-wataseba 25
u no hana yama no
hototogisu
ne nomi shi nakayu
asagirino
midaruru kokoro 30
koto ni idete
ihaba yuyushimi
Tonami yama
ta-muke no kami ni
nusa matsuri 35
aga kohi-nomaku
hashikeyashi
kimi ga tadaka wo
ma sakiku mo
ari-tamotohori 40
tsuki tateba
toki mo kahasazu
nadeshiko ga
hana no sakari ni
ahi-mishime to so! 45

Urakohishi 1
waga se no kimi ha
nadeshiko ga
hana ni mo ga mo na
asanasa ni mimu. 5

5 _seko_ is Yakamochi.

14 _ta-dzukuri_ = _tabi-dsukuri_.

31, 32 to express myself in words were a dread thing = _kakemaku mo_, &c.

34 _ta-muke no kami_, the god to whom offerings are made. The shrine would be at the top of a pass, hence _ta-muke_ also signified the summit of a pass or hill.

2 _waga se_ is Yakamochi.

5 _asanasa_ = _asa ni asa ni_.

For _awoniyoshi_, _amazakaru_, _wakakusano_, _muratorino_, _asagirino_ see List m. k.

225

Soraseru taka wo shinubi ime ni mite yorokobi yomeru uta.

Ohokimi no 1
toho no mikado to
mi yuki furu
Koshi to na ni oheru
amazakaru 5
hina nishi areba
yama-dakami
kaha tohoshiroshi
nu wo hiromi
kusa koso shigeshi 10
ayu hashiru
natsu no sakari to
shima tsu tori
u-kahi ga tomo ha
yuku kaha no 15
kiyoki se goto ni
kagari sashi
nadzusahi noboru
tsuyu shimo no
aki ni itareba 20
nu mo saha ni
tori sudakeri to
masurawono
tomo izanahite
taka ha shi mo 25
amata aredomo
yakata-wo no
aga ohokuro ni
shira-nuri no
suzu tori-tsukete 30
asa-gari ni
iho tsu tori tate
yufu-gari ni
chidori fumitate
ofu goto ni 35
yusuru koto naku
ta-banare mo
wochi mo kayasuki
kore wo okite
mata ha ari-gatashi 40
sa-naraberu
taka ha nakemu to
kokoro ni ha
omohi hokorite
wemahitsutsu 45
wataru ahida ni
taburetaru
shiko tsu okina no
koto dani mo
are ni ha tsugezu 50
tonogumori
ame no furu hi wo
to-gari su to
na nomi wo norite
Mishima-nu wo 55
sogahi ni mitsutsu
Futa-kami no
yama tobi-koyete
kumo-gakuri
kakeri iniki to 60
kaheri-kite
shiha-bure tsugure
woku yoshi no
soko ni nakereba
ifu sube no 65
tadoki wo shirani
kokoro ni ha
hi sahe moyetsutsu
omohi kohi
iki-dzuki amari 70
kedashiku mo
afu koto ari ya to
ashihikino
wote-mo kono-mo ni
to-nami hari 75
moribe wo suwete
chihayaburu
kami no yashiro ni
teru kagami
shitsu ni tori-sohe 80
kohi-nomite
aga matsu toki ni
wotomera ga
ime ni tsuguraku
naga kofuru 85
sono hotsu taka ha
Matsudaye no
hama yuki-gurashi
tsunashi toru
Himi no ye sugite 90
Tako no shima
tobi-tamotohori
ashi-gamo no
sudaku Furuye ni
wototsu hi mo 95
kinofu mo aritsu
chikaku araba
ima futsuka dami
tohoku araba
nanuka no uchi ha 100
sugime ya mo
kinamu waga seko
nemokoro ni
na kohi so yo to so
ime ni tsugetsuru. 105

The glossary and notes to the translation sufficiently explain the text of this lay.

98 _dami_ seems to = _bakari_.

For _amazakaru_, _masurawono_, _ashihikino_, _chihayaburu_ see List m. k.

MAKI XVIII, KAMI

226

Agehari no uchi ni hitori wite hototogisu no ne wo kikite yomeru uta.

Takamikura 1
ama no hitsugi to
Sumerogi no
ami no mikoto no
kikoshiwosu 5
kuni no mahora ni
yama wo shi mo
saha ni ohomi to
momo tori no
ki-wite naku koye 10
haru sareba
kiki no kanashi mo
idzure wo ka
wakite shinubamu
u no hana no 15
saku tsuki tateba
medzurashiku
naku hototogisu
ayame-gusa
tama nuku made ni 20
hiru kurashi
yo watashi kikedo
kiku goto ni
kokoro ugokite
uchi nageki 25
ahare no tori to
ihanu toki nashi.

(3)

Hototogisu 1
ito netakeku ha
tachibana no
hana chiru toki ni
ki-naki toyomuru. 5

1 A sort of m. k. of _ama no hitsugi_.

13, 14 of all the birds the most delightsome.

For _takamikura_ see List m. k.

227

Michinoku no kuni yori kugane wo idaseru mikotonori wo kotohoku uta.

Ashihara no 1
Midzuho no kuni wo
ama kudari
shirashimeshikeru
sumerogi no 5
kami no mikoto no
mi yo kasane
ama no hitsugi to
shirashikuru
kimi no miyo miyo 10
shikimaseru
yo mo no kuni ni ha
yama kaha wo
hiromi atsumi to
tatematsuru 15
mi tsuki takara ha
kazoheyezu
tsukushi mo kanetsu
shikaredomo
waga ohokimi no 20
moro hito wo
izanahi tamahi
yoki koto wo
hazhime tamahite
kukane ka mo 25
tanoshikeku aramu
to omohoshite
shita nayamasu ni
toriganaku
Adzuma no kuni no so 30
Michinoku no
Woda naru yama ni
kugane ari
to maushitamahere
mi kokoro wo 35
akirame tamahi
ame tsuchi no
kami ahi-udzunahi
sumerogi no
mi tama tasukete 40
tohoki yo ni
nakarishi koto wo
waga mi yo ni
arahashite areba
wosu kuni ha 45
sakayemu mono to
kamu nagara
omohoshimeshite
mononofuno
ya so tomo no wo wo 50
matsurobe no
muke no manimani
oi-hito mo
me no waraha ko mo
shi ga negafu 55
kokoro-darahi ni
nade-tamahi
wosame-tamaheba
koko wo shi mo
aya ni tafutomi 60
ureshikeku
iyo-yo omohite
Ohotomo no
tohotsu kamu oya no
sono na wo ba 65
Ohokume nushi to
ohi-mochite
tsukaheshi tsukasa
umi yukaba
midzuku kabane 70
yama yukaba
kusamusu kabane
ohokimi no
he ni koso shiname
kaheri-mi ha 75
sezhi to kotodate
masurawono
kiyoki sono na wo
inishihe no
ima no wotsutsu ni 80
nagasaheru
oya no kodomo so
Ohotomo no
Saheki no uji ha
hito no ’ya no 85
tatsuru kotodate
hito no ko ha
oya no na tatazu
ohokimi ni
matsurofu mono to 90
ihi-tsugeru
koto no tsukasa so
adzusa yumi
te ni tori-mochite
tsurugi tachi 95
koshi ni tori-haki
asa mamori
yufu no mamori ni
ohokimi no
Mikado no mamori 100
ware wo okite
mata hito ha arazhi
to iya-tate
omohishi masaru
ohokimi no 105
mikoto no saki no
kikeba tafutomi.

vv. 1-18 describe Yamato, its line of rulers, its features and wealth; 18-28 the object of the Mikado’s desire for gold; _yoki koto_, desirable thing; 21-24 see below; 29-50 his gratitude on hearing of the discovery of gold in Michinoku; 51 to end, the panegyric by Yakamochi of the Otomo clan to which he belongs. 101 and 102 are plagiarized from Lay 67.

52 = _iyo-yo_ = _iyo-iyo_.

103 _to iya-tate_, so, more and more raise (_kotodate_).

107 Read _kikeba_ after _tafutomi_.

For _kazoheyezu_, _toriganaku_, _mononofuno_, _masurawono_ see List m. k.

MAKI XVIII, SHIMO

228

Yoshino no totsumiya ni idemasamu toki no tame ni arakazhime yomeru uta.

Takamikura 1
ama no hitsugi to
ame no shita
shirashimeshikeru
sumerogi no 5
kami no mikoto no
kashikoku mo
hazhime tamahite
tafutoku mo
sadametamaheru 10
Mi Yoshinu no
kono ohomiya ni
ari-gayohi
meshitamafurashi
mononofuno 15
yasotomo no wo mo
ono ga oheru
ono ga na [ohi] na ohi
ohokimi no
make no manimani 20
kono kaha no
tayuru koto naku
kono yama no
iya tsugi-tsugi ni
kaku shi koso 25
tsukahematsurame
iya toho naga ni.

5 _sumerogi_ is the Mikado Ojin (270-310).

13, 14 refer to the reigning Mikado Shômu (724-48).

20 Read in connexion with 26.

For _takamikura_, _mononofuno_ see List m. k.

229

Miyako no ihe ni okuramu ga tame ni shiratama wo horisuru uta.

Susu no ama no 1
okitsu mi kami ni
i-watarite
kadzuki tori to ifu
ahabi tama 5
ihochi mo ga mo
hashikiyoshi
tsuma no mikoto no
koromodeno
wakareshi toki yo 10
nubatamano
yo toko kata sari
asa-ne-gami
kaki mo kedzurazu
idete koshi 15
tsuki-hi yomitsutsu
nagekuramu
kokoro nagusa ni
hototogisu
ki naku sa-tsuki no 20
ayame-gusa
hana tachibana ni
nuki mazhihe
kadzura ni seyo to
tsutsumite yaramu. 25

2 _mi kami_, great god, here = wilds of ocean (great sea-god’s realm).

6 _i-ho-chi_ = _i ho tsu_, compare _hatachi_.

10 _yo_ = _yori_.

12 _yo_ = _yoru_, night; _kata sari_, where one has gone and left the other of a pair.

13 _asa ne kami_, hair disordered in morning on awaking from sleep.

14 _kakazu mo_, _kedzurazu mo_.

19 _hototogisu ki naku_ is epithetical of _sa-tsuki_ (fifth month).

230

Fumibito Wohari no Woguhi wo satosu uta.

Ohonamuji 1
Sukunabikona no
kami-yo yori
ihitsugikeraku
chichi haha wo 5
mireba tafutoku
me ko mireba
kanashiku megushi
utsusemino
yo no kotowari to 10
kaku sama ni
ihikeru mono wo
yo no hito no
tatsuru koto-date
chisa no hana 15
sakeru sakari ni
hashikeyoshi
sono tsuma no ko to
asa yohi ni
yemimi yemazu mo 20
uchi-nageki
katarikemaku ha
tokoshihe ni
kaku shi mo arame ya
ame tsuchi no 25
kami kotoyosete
haruhanano
sakari mo aramu to
matashikemu
toki no sakari wo 30
sakari-wite
nagekasu to imo ga
itsushika mo
tsukahi mo komu to
matasuramu 35
kokoro sabushiku
minami fuki
yuki ke hafurite
Imidzu kaha
ukabu mi nawa mo 40
yoru he nami
Saburu sono ko ni
himo no wo no
i-tsugari ahite
nihodori no 45
futari narabi-wi
Nago no umi no
oki wo fukamete
sadohaseru
kimi ga kokoro wo 50
sube mo subenasa!

4 = _ihitsugikeru_.

6, 8 To _tafutoku_ and _kanashiku_ (also to _sabushiku_, v. 36), add _nari_.

15 _chisa_ = _chisha_, lettuce. Wild salads of all kinds were much esteemed in ancient Japan.

15-36 describe the anxiety of the wife.

18 _ko_ = lady.

20 smiling or not, in all moods.

25, 26 her reliance on the gods.

31 This line is doubtful--sense is possible only by reading _sakari_ as = _hanare_ or _hanachi_.

37 _minami [kaze]_.

37-41 introductory to Saburu.

38 _yuki_, snow. _ke_ = _kihe_, disappear, melt.

44 _i-tsugari_ = _tsunagu_, _tsunagaru_.

For _utsusemino_, _haruhanano_ see List m. k.

231

Kakemaku mo 1
aya ni kashikoshi
sumerogi no
kami no oho mi yo ni
Tazhima Mori 5
Tokoyo ni watari
ya hoko mochi
mawide koshi tofu
tokizhiku no
kagu no ko no mi wo 10
kashikoku mo
nokoshitamahere
kuni mo se ni
ohi-tachi sakaye
haru sareba 15
hikoye moitsutsu
hototogisu
naku sa-tsuki ni ha
hatsu hana wo
yeda ni taworite 20
wotomera ni
tsuto ni mo yarimi
shirotaheno
sode ni mo kokire
ka-guhashimi 25
okite karashimi
ayuru mi ha
tama ni nukitsutsu
te ni makite
miredomo akazu 30
aki-dzukeba
shigure no amefuri
ashihikino
yama no konure ha
kurenawi ni 35
nihohi chiredomo
tachibana no
nareru sono mi ha
hitateri ni
iya migahoshiku 40
mi yuki furu
fuyu ni itareba
shimo okedomo
sono ha mo karezu
tokihanasu 45
iya sakahaye ni
shikare koso
kami no mi yo yori
yoroshi-nabe
kono tachibana wo 50
tokizhiku no
kaku no ko no mi to
nadzukekerashi mo!

8 _mawide_ = _mawiri-ide_. _koshi_ is past of _kuru_ used as auxiliary.

13 _se_ = _semaku_. _se ni_, closely = abundantly.

6 _hiko-ye_, twigs, lit. descendant-branches.

22 _tsuto_, _tsutsumi to_, bound or arranged as a gift.

24 _kokire_, _koki-ire_, lit. strip-put-in. The value here is somewhat uncertain, perhaps to strip off the flowers and set them on the sleeve in some way.

26 _karashi_, caus. of _karu_ wither. _mi_ here, as in 22, has an iterative force.

39 _hita-teri_, right dazzling.

52 _kaku_, thus, i.e. weathering all the seasons, but _kaku_ may be read _kagu_, fragrant, i.e. pleasing all the year through, hence by a word-play the appropriateness of the term _ka-guhashimi_ (25).

For _shirotaheno_, _ashihikino_, _tokihanasu_ see List m. k.

232

Niha no hana wo mite yomeru uta.

Ohokimi no 1
toho no Mikado to
makitamafu
tsukasa no manima
mi yuki furu 5
Koshi ni kudariki
aratamano
toshi no itsu tose
shikitaheno
ta-makura makazu 10
himo tokazu
marone wo sureba
ifusemi to
kokoro nagusa ni
nadeshiko wo 15
yado ni maki-ohoshi
natsu no no no
sa-yuri hiki uwete
saku hana wo
idemiru goto ni 20
nadeshiko ga
sono hana-dzuma ni
sa yuri-bana
yuri mo ahamu to
nagusamura 25
kokoro shinakuba
amazakaru
hina ni hito hi mo
arubeku mo aru ya!

Nadeshiko ga 1
hana miru goto ni
wotomera ga
yemahi no nihohi
omohoyuru ka mo? 5

2 _to_ = _nite_.

3, 4 in execution of service imposed upon me.

8 _tose_ = _toshi he_, passage of years.

9 must be read as m. k. of _makura_.

2 _maro-ne_ = _hitori-ne_.

13 _to_, supply _naru_.

14 _nagusamu_.

16 _maki-ohoshi_ = sow or plant, let grow.

17 _no no no_, the second _no_ = _nu_, moor.

18 _sa-yuri_, the _sa_ of _sa tsuki_--vigorously growing (_sa nahe_), lily of the fifth month.

24 Here _yuri_ = _yori_ = _nochi_.

For _aratamano_, _shikitaheno_, _amazakaru_ see List m. k.

233

Ohokimi no 1
maki no manimani
tori-mochite
tsukafuru kuni no
toshi no uchi no 5
koto katane mochi
tamahokono
michi ni ide-tachi
ihane fumi
yama koye nu yuki 10
miyako he
mawishi waga se wo
aratamano
toshi yuki-kaheri
tsuki kasane 15
minu hi sa-manemi
kofuru sora
yasuku shi araneba
hototogisu
ki naku sa-dzuki no 20
ayame-gusa
yomogi kadzura ki
saka mi-dzuki
asobi naguredo
Imidzu kaha 25
yuki ke afurite
yuku midzu no
iya mashi ni nomi
tadzu ga naku
Nagoye no suge no 30
nemokoro ni
omohi musuhore
nageki tsutsu
aga matsu kimi ga
koto wohari 35
kaheri makarite
natsu no nu no
sa yuri no hana no
hana wemi ni
nifubu ni wemite 40
ahashitaru
kefu wo hazhimete
kagaminasu
kaku shi tsune mimu
omokaharisezu. 45

6 _katane_, _katanu_ is to settle, arrange, conclude, &c.

10 The syntax here is obscure.

13, 14, 15 lit. fresh years came and went--the months summed up.…

19 _hototogisu ki naku_ is epithetical of _sa-tsuki_.

22 Error for _yanagi_?

25-30 are introductory to _nemokoro_.

41 = _ahi-tamahi_.

44 _kaku shi tsune_ = just as now so always.

45 _omokahari sezu_, without change of face, i.e. keeping health and youth.

For _tamahokono_, _aratamano_, _kagaminasu_ see List m. k.

234

Amage no kumo wo mite yomeru uta.

Sumerogi no 1
shikimasu kuni no
ame no shita
yo mo no michi ni ha
uma no tsume 5
i-tsukusu kihami
funa no he no
i-hatsuru made ni
inishihe yo
ima no wotsutsu ni 10
yorodzu tsuki
matsuru tsukasa to
tsukuritaru
sono nari-hahi wo
ame furazu 15
hi no kasanareba
uwe shita mo
makishi hatake mo
asa goto ni
shibomi kare-yuku 20
so wo mireba
kokoro wo itami
midori-ko no
chi kofu ga gotoku
amatsumidzu 25
afugite so matsu
ashihikino
yama no tawori ni
kono miyuru
ama no shira kumo 30
watatsumi no
okitsu miya he ni
tachi-watari
tonogumori ahite
ame mo tamahane. 35

4 _yo mo_, four faces or quarters, everywhere.

10 _wotsutsu_ = _utsutsu_.

11 _tsuki_ = tribute, tax.

28 _tawori_, summit.

For _amatsumidzu_ (used here in double sense), _ashihikino_ see List m. k.

235

Tanabata no uta.

Amaterasu 1
kami no mi yo yori
Yasu no kaha
naga ni hedatete
shika hitachi 5
sode furi kahashi
iki no wo ni
nagekasu kora
watari mori
fune mo maukezu 10
hashi dani mo
watashite araba
sono he yu mo
i-yuki watarashi
tadzusahari 15
unagakeri-wite
omohoshiki
koto mo katarahi
nagusamuru
kokoro ha aramu wo 20
nani shi ka mo
aki nishi araneba
kototohi no
tomoshikikora
utsusemi no 25
yo no hito ware mo
koko wo shi mo
aya ni kusushimi
yuki kaharu
toshi no ha goto ni 30
ama no hara
furi-sake mitsutsu
ihi-tsugi ni sure.

8 _kora_ is an honour-plural, the Webster woman.

13 _sono he yu_ = _sono uhe yori_, here = from that side, the other side where the Herdman is.

26 I take _ware_ to refer to Yakamochi.

33 _sure_ for _koso sure_.

MAKI XIX, KAMI

236

Ma-shirafu no taka wo yomeru uta.

Ashihikino 1
yama saka koyete
yuki kaharu
toshi no wo nagaku
shinazakaru 5
Koshi ni shi sumeba
ohokimi no
shikimasu kuni ha
miyako wo mo
koko mo oyazhi to 10
kokoro ni ha
omofu mono kara
katari-sake
misakuru hito me
tomoshimi to 15
omohi shi shigeshi
soko yuwe ni
kokoro nagu ya to
aki-dzukeba
hagi saki-nihofu 20
Ihase nu ni
uma tagi-yukite
wochi kochi ni
tori fumi-tate
shiranuri no 25
wo-suzu mo yura ni
ahase-yari
furi-sake mitsutsu
ikitohoru
kokoro no uchi wo 30
omohi-nobe
ureshibi nagara
makuradzuku
tsuma ya no uchi ni
to-gura yuhi 35
suwete so aga kafu
mashirafu no taka!

13 _katari-sake_, utter, give expression to conversation; _misake_, send forth glance, i.e. look at, perceive.

22 _uma tagi-yukite_, _tagu_ (_taguru_) is to draw (rope, cord, &c.).

27 _ahase-yari_ is taken as referring to _wo-suzu_.

29 See N. I. 241, the _uta_.

37 _ma-shirafu_, shining, white-mottled.

For _makuradzuku_ see List m. k.

237

U tsu kafu uta.

Aratamano 1
toshi yuki kahari
haru sareba
hana saki nihofu
ashihikino 5
yama shita doyomi
ochi tagichi
nagaru Sakita no
kaha no se ni
ayu ko sa-bashiri 10
shima tsu tori
u-kahi tomo nabe
kagari sashi
nadzusahi yukeba
wagimoko ga 15
katami gatera to
kurenawi no
ya shiho ni somete
okosetaru
koromo no suso mo 20
tohorite nurenu.

13 _kagari sashi_, place torch-holders = prepare or light decoy-flares.

14 _nami-tsu[mori]-safu_.

16 _gatera to_ = here, by way of parting gift or souvenir.

For _aratamano_, _ashihikino_ see List m. k.

238

Yo no tsune no naki koto no uta.

Ame tsuchi no 1
tohoki hazhime yo
yo no naka ha
tsune naki mono to
katari tsuki 5
nagarahe kitari
ama no hara
furi-sake mireba
teru tsuki mo
michi kakeshikeri 10
ashihikino
yama no konure mo
haru sareba
hana saki nihohi
aki tsukeba 15
tsuyu shimo ohite
kaze mazhiri
momiji chirikeri
utsusemi mo
kaku nomi narashi 20
kurenawi no
iro mo utsurohi
nubatamano
kuro kami kahari
asa no wemi 25
yufube kaharahi
fuku kaze no
miyenu ga gotoku
yuku midzu no
tomaranu gotoku 30
tsune mo naku
utsurofu mireba
nihatadzumi
nagaruru namida
todome kanetsu mo. 35

16 _ohite_ = be or lie on.

31 impermanent.

For _ashihikino_, _nubatamano_ see List m. k.

239

Masurawo no na wo furufu wo shitafu uta.

Chichinomino 1
chichi no mikoto
hahasobano
haha no mikoto
ohoroka ni 5
kokoro tsukushite
omofuramu
sono ko nare ya mo
masurawo ya
munashiku arubeki 10
adzusa yumi
suwe-furi-okoshi
nagu ya mochi
chi hiro i-watashi
tsurugi-tachi 15
koshi ni tori-haki
ashihikino
yatsuwo fumi-koye
sashi makuru
kokoro sayarazu 20
nochi no yo no
katari-tsugibeku
na wo tatsubeshi mo.

_furufu_, lit. to brandish, here to display.

1 The line is a sort of phonetic m. k. of _chichi_, father; _chichi no mi_ is the fruit of Ginkgo biloba (the maiden-hair tree). So _hahaso-ba_ (leaf of Quercus dentata) is a phonetic m. k. of _haha_.

8 _nare_ = _koso nare_, _ya_ = _ya ha_ (= Lat. _num_).

10 Read as _munaskiku arubeki ya_.

19 = _ninzeraruru_.

20 _sayarazu_ = _sawarazu_ (not stopped from executing duty).

For _ashihikino_ see List m. k.

240

Hototogisu mata toki no hana wo yomeru uta.

Toki goto ni 1
iya medzurashiku
yachi kusa ni
kusa ki hana saki
naku tori no 5
kowe mo kaharafu
mimi ni kiki
me ni miru goto ni
uchi-nageki
shinaye urabure 10
shinubitsutsu
arikuru hashi ni
ko no kure no
u tsuki shi tateba
yo-gomori ni 15
naku hototogisu
inishihe yo
katari tsugitsuru
uguhisu no
utsushi ma-ko ka mo 20
ayame-gusa
hana tachibana wo
wotomera ga
tama nuku made ni
akanesasu 25
hiru ha shimerani
ashihikino
yatsu wo tobikoye
nubatamano
yoru ha sugara ni 30
akatoki no
tsuki ni mukahite
yuki-kaheri
naki toyomuredo
ikade akitaramu! 35

3 _ya chi_, 8,000--i.e. all kinds of.

9, 10, 11, 12 … seem to mean sighing, yielding, reflecting (or melancholy), and pensive while vying … but I prefer the whole sense as given in my translation--reading _arisofu_ for _arikuru_, of which I can make nothing.

20 _ma-ko_, true child, progeny; or _mi-ko_, fair progeny.

28 _yatsu wo_, see 239.

31 _akatoki_ = _akatsuki_.

For _akanesasu_, _ashihikino_, _nubatamano_ see List m. k.

241

Me ga Miyako ni imasu haha no mikoto ni okuramu tame ni atsuraherayete yomeru uta.

Hototogisu 1
ki-naku sa-tsuki ni
saki-nihofu
hana tachibana no
ka-guhashiki 5
oya no mikoto
asa yohi ni
kikanu hi maneku
amazakaru
hina ni shi woreba 10
ashihikino
yama no tawori ni
tatsu kumo wo
yoso nomi mitsutsu
nageku sora 15
yasukeku naku ni
omofu sora
kurushiki mono wo
Nago no ama no
kadzukitoru chifu 20
shiratamano
migahoshi mi omowa
tada mukahi
mimu toki made ha
matsu kahe no 25
sakaye imasane
tafutoki aga kimi.

1-4 are epithetical of 5.

25 _kahe_, an old word for a species of live oak, some say Japanese yew, Torreya nucifera.

For _amazakaru_, _ashihikino_, _shiratamano_ see List m. k.

242

U tsuki no mika no hi Yechizen Hangwan Ohotomo no Sukune Ikenushi ni okureru hototogisu no uta kankyu no omohi ni tahezute omohi wo noburu hito uta.

Waga seko to 1
te tadzusaharite
ake kureba
ide tachi mukahi
yufu sareba 5
furi sake mitsutsu
omohi-nobe
mi-nagishi yama
yatsu wo ni ha
kasumi tanabiki 10
tani he ni ha
tsubaki hana saki
ura-kanashi
haru no sugureba
hototogisu 15
iya shiki nakinu
hitori nomi
kikeba sabushi mo
kimi to are
hedatete kofuru 20
Tonami yama
tobi koye-yukite
ake tataba
matsu no sayeda ni
yufu saraba 25
tsuki ni mukahite
ayame-gusa
tama nuku made ni
naki-doyome
yasu-i shi nasazu 30
kimi wo nayamase.

1 _seko_ is Ikenushi.

8 = _mi nagusamishi_.

18 _ura-kanashi_, deeply _kanashi_, i.e. deeply moved here to joy, not grief.

19 _kimi_ is Ikenushi.

20 The sentence ends with _kofuru_. The next sentence ends with _nayamase_ (31), of which the logical subject is, _hototogisu_, understood.

243

Hototogisu wo yomeru uta.

Haru sugite 1
natsu ki-mukaheba
ashihikino
yama yobi-doyome
sayo naka ni 5
naku hototogisu
hatsu kowe wo
kikeba natsukashi
ayame-gusa
hana tachibana wo 10
nuki mazhihe
kadzuraku made ni
sato-toyome
naki-wataredomo
naho shi shinubayu. 15

15 _shinubayu_ = _shinubayuru_.

244

Yamabuki wo yomeru uta.

Utsusemi ha 1
kohi wo shigemi to
haru makete
omohi-shigekuba
hiki-yojite 5
wori mo worazu mo
miru goto ni
kokoro nagimu to
shige yama no
tani he ni ofuru 10
yamabuki wo
yado ni hiki-uwete
asa tsuyu ni
nihoheru hana wo
miru goto ni 15
omohi ha yamazu
kohi shi shigeshi mo.

8 _nagimu_ (_nagu_) = _nagusamamu_.

16 [love] thoughts.

245

Fuse no midzu-umi ni asobite yomeru uta.

Omofu dochi 1
masurawo no ko no
konokureno
shigeki omohi wo
mi akirame 5
kokoro yaramu to
Fuse no umi ni
wo-bune tsuraname
ma-kai kake
i-yuki megureba 10
Wofu no ura ni
kasumi tanabiki
Taruhime ni
fujinami sakite
hama kiyoku 15
shiranami sawaki
shikushiku ni
kohi ha masaredo
kefu nomi ni
akitarame ya mo 20
kaku shi koso
iya toshi no ha ni
haruhanano
shigeki sakari ni
aki no ha no 25
nihoheru toki ni
ari-gayohi
mitsutsu shinubame
kono Fuse no umi wo.

8 Epithetical of _shigeki_.

28 _shinubame_, we will surely take pleasure in, supply _koso_.

For _konokureno_, _haruhanano_ see List m. k.

246

Yechizen Hanguwan … Ikenushi ni u wo okureru uta.

Amazakaru 1
hina to shi areba
soko koko mo
oyazhi kokoro so
ihezakari 5
toshi no henureba
utsusemi ha
mono ’mohi shigeshi
soko yuwe ni.
kokoro nagusa ni 10
hototogisu
naku hatsu kowe wo
tachibana no
tama ni ahenuki
kadsurakite 15
asobaku yoshi mo
masurawo wo
tomonahe tachite
Shikura kaha
nadzusahi nobori 20
hirase ni ha
sade sashi-watashi
hayase ni ha
u wo kadzuketsutsu
tsuki ni hi ni 25
shika shi asobane
hashiki waga seko.

3 _soko koko_, there or here, everywhere.

17 to end refer more particularly to Ikenushi.

26 Note the precative _ne_.

27 _waga seko_ is Ikenushi.

For _amazakaru_ see List m. k.

247

Hototogisu mata fuji no hana wo yomeru uta.

Momo no hana 1
kurenawi iro ni
nihohitaru
omowa no uchi ni
awo-yagi no 5
kuhashi mayone wo
wemi magari
asa kage mitsutsu
wotomera ga
te ni tori-motaru 10
masokagami
Futagami yama ni
konokureno
shigeki tani he wo
yobi-toyome 15
asa tobi-watari
yufu dzuku-yo
kasokeki nu he ni
harobaro ni
naku hototogisu 20
tachi-kuku to
ha furi ni chirasu
fujinami no
hana natsukashimi
hiki yojite 25
sode ni kokiretsu
shimaba shimu to mo.

1 _momo_, peach.

1-11 are introductory to _futa_ of Futakami. From _futa_ backwards to _momo_ a literal translation would be good English--a capital instance of the way in which the order of words in Japanese permits of a telling climax.

5 _awo yanagi_.

6 _mayone_ = _mayu_, eyebrow.

7 _wemi magari_, smile-arch, smile-curve.

13 _ko_ is _ki_, tree, bush; _kure_, shadow or gloom.

17 _yufudzuku-yo_, evening-moonlight-night.

18 _kasokeki_, shadowy, dim.

19 _harobaro_, at a distance, far.

21 _tachi-kuku_, dart in and out.

22 _ha furi_, wing-shake.

26 _kokire_ = _mushiri-ire_, take off (the blossoms) and put in.

27 _shimaba shimu_ = _somaba somu_.

248

Hironaha ni okureru hototogisu no urami no uta.

Koko ni shite 1
sogahi ni miyuru
waga seko ga
kaki tsu no tani ni
ake sareba 5
hari no sa-yeda ni
yufu sareba
fuji no shigemi ni
harobaro ni
naku hototogisu 10
waga yado no
uwe ki tachibana
hana ni chiru
toki wo matashimi
ki nakanaku 15
soko ha uramizu
shikaredomo
tani kata-dzukite
ihe-woreru
kimi ga kikitsutsu 20
tsuge naku mo ushi!

14 I read _matashimi_ as = _imadashi_.

21 _tsuge_ I take as referring to the cuckoo who does not with his song herald the approach of summer for the poet.

249

Hototogisu wo yomeru uta.

Tani chikaku 1
ihe ha woredomo
ko-dakakute
sato ha aredomo
hototogisu 5
imada ki nakazu
naku kowe wo
kikamakuhori to
ashita ni ha
kado ni idetachi 10
yufube ni ha
tani wo mi-watashi
kofuredomo
hito kowe dani mo
imada kikoyezu. 15

MAKI XIX, NAKA

250

Wotome haka no uta ni ohite nazorafu uta.

Inishihe no 1
arikeru waza wo
kusuhashiki
koto to ihitsugu
Chinu wotoko 5
Unahi wotoko no
utsusemino
na wo arasofu to
tamakiharu
inochi wo sutete 10
ahi tomo ni
tsuma-dohi shikeru
wotomera ga
kikeba kanashisa
haruhanano 15
nihohe sakayete
akinohano
nihohi ni tereru
atara mi no
sakari wo sura ni 20
masurawo no
koto itohoshimi
chichi haha ni
mawoshi wakarete
ihe-zakari 25
umi he ni detachi
asa yohi ni
michi kuru shiho no
yahe nami ni
nabiku tamamo no 30
fushi no ma no
woshiki inochi wo
tsuyushimono
sugimashi ni kere
okutsuki wo 35
koko to sadamete
nochi no yo no
kiki tsugu hito mo
iya toho ni
shinubi ni seyo to 40
tsuge wo-kushi
shi ga sashikerashi
ohite nabikeru.

3 _kusuhashiki_ = _kusushi_.

1-12 relate to the wooers; 13, 14 are interjectional, expressing pity for the girl’s fate.

13, 14 _wotomera ga [koto wo] kikeba_.

15-20 describe her beauty, &c. 19, 20 though in the flower of her age; 21-34 her despair and death; 35 to end, her choice of a tomb-place, and the miraculous growth from the comb wherewith she marked the spot, that her memory might endure.

For _utsusemino_, _tamakiharu_, _haruhanano_, _akinohano_, _tsuyushimono_ see List m. k.

251

Kanashimi uta.

Ametsuchi no 1
hazhime no toki yo
utsusomino
yaso tomo no wo ha
ohokimi ni 5
matsurofu mono to
sadametaru
tsukasa nishi areba
ohokimi no
mikoto kashikomi 10
hina-zakaru
kuni wo osamu to
ashihikino
yama kaha henari
kaze kumo ni 15
koto ha kayohedo
tada ni ahanu
hi no kasanareba
omohi kohi
ikidzuki woru ni 20
tamahokono
michi kuru hito no
tsute koto ni
are ni kataraku
hashikiyoshi 25
kimi ha konogoro
urasabite
nagekahi imasu
yo no naka no
ukeku tsurakeku 30
saku hana mo
toki ni utsurofu
utsusemi mo
tsune naku arikeri
tarachineno 35
mi haha no mikoto
nani shi ka mo
toki shi ha aramu wo
masokagami
miredomo akazu 40
tamanowono
woshiki sakari ni
tatsukirino
usenuru gotoku
tamamonasu 45
nabiki koi-fushi
yuku midzu no
todome kaneki to
taha-koto ya
hito no ihitsuru 50
oyodzure ka
hito no tsugetsuru
adzusayumi
tsuma[biku] yo ’to
toho ’to ni mo 55
kikeba kanashimi
niha tadzumi
nagaruru namida
todome kanetsu mo!

Yo no naka no 1
tsune naki koto ha
shiruramu wo
kokoro tsukusuna
masurawo ni shite! 5

1-10 in praise of the Mikado; 11-24 the poet’s seclusion in his frontier government.

15 _kaze kumo_, wind and clouds, regarded as bearers of tidings.

25-43 the tidings from City-Royal; 39, 40 see note 2, translation; 49 to end, his grief. The envoy is an exhortation to bear the ills of this fleeting world as a leal man should.

For _utsusomino_, _ashihikino_, _tamahokono_, _tarachineno_, _masokagami_, _tamanowono_, _tatsukirino_, _tamamonasu_ see List m. k.

252

Miyako yori okoseru uta.

Hatatsumi no 1
kami no mikoto no
mi kushige ni
takuhahi okite
itsuku tofu 5
tama ni masarite
omoherishi
aga ko ni ha aredo
utsusemino
yo no kotowari to 10
masurawono
hiki no manimani
shinazakaru
Koshi ji wo sashite
hafutsutano 15
wakare nishi yori
okitsunami
towomu mayo-biki
ohobuneno
yukura yukura ni 20
omokage ni
motona miyetsutsu
kaku kohiba
oi-dzuku aga mi
kedashi ahemu ka mo! 25

17-20 must be read with _omokage_, somewhat thus--_ohobune no_ | _yukura yukura ni_ | _okitsu nami_ | _towomu mayobiki_ | _omokage ni_ |--the syntax is loose: _towomu_ = _tawamu_, the m. k. _okitsunami_ applies to _towomu_.

25 _kedashi_ is here almost ‘doubtfully’; _ahemu_ = _tahemu_.

For _utsusemino_, _shinazakaru_, _okitsunami_, _ohobuneno_ see List m. k.

253

Ametsuchi no 1
kami ha nakare ya
utsukushiki
aga tsuma sakaru
hikaru-kami 5
Narihata wotome
te tadzusahi
tomo ni aramu to
omohishi ni
kokoro tagahinu 10
ihamu sube
semu sube shirani
yufu tasuki
kata ni tori-kake
shitsu nusa wo 15
te ni tori-mochite
na sake so to
ware ha nomeredo
makite neshi
imo ga tamoto ha 20
kumo ni tanabiku.

2 _nakare_, supply _koso_ (_naku are_).

5 m. k. of _nari_ (Narihata).

9 _omohishi_: here, as often, the relative form is used instead of the predicative.

18 _nomeredo_ = _nomedo_ (_inoru_).

254

Tempyô itsutose to ifu toshi Morokoshi ni tsukahasu tsukahi ni okureru uta.

Soramitsu 1
Yamato no kuni
awoniyoshi
Nara no miyako yu
oshiteru 5
Naniha ni kudari
Suminoye no
mi tsu ni funa nori
tada watari
hi no iru kuni ni 10
tsukahasaru
waga se no kimi wo
kakemaku no
yuyushiki kashikoki
Suminoye no 15
aga oho mi kami
funa no he ni
ushi-haki imashi
funa domo ni
mi tatashi-mashite 20
sashi-yoramu
iso no saki-zaki
kogi-hatemu
tomari tomari ni
araki kaze 25
nami ni ahasezu
tahirakeku
wite kaherimase
moto no mikado ni.

For _soramitsu_, _awoniyoshi_, _oshiteru_ see List m. k.

255

Miyako ni mawi-noboru michi nite koto ni tsuke arakazhime yomeru toyo no agari ni haberite mikotonorite uketamaharu uta.