Chapter IX: Introduction: Short Grammar of Old Japanese (6)

Akitsushima 1
Yamato no kuni wo
ama kumo ni
iha fune ukabe
tomo ni he ni 5
ma-kai shizhi nuki
i-kogitsutsu
kuni-mi shi seshite
amori-mashi
harahi tahirage 10
chiyo kasane
iya tsugitsugi ni
shirashikuru
ama no hitsugi to
kamu nagara 15
waga ohokimi no
ame no shita
wosame tamaheba
mononofuno
yaso tomo no wo wo 20
nade-tamahi
totonohe-tamahi
wosu kuni no
yomo no hito wo mo
abusahazu 25
megumi-tamaheba
inishihe yo
nakarishi shirushi
tabi maneku
mawoshi-tamahinu 30
te udakite
kotonaki mi yo to
ametsuchi
tsuki to tomo ni
yorodzu yo ni 35
shirushi tsukamu so
yasumishishi
waga ohokimi
aki no hana
shi ga iroiro ni 40
meshi-tamahi
akirame-tamahi
saka mi-dzuki
sakayeru kefu no
aya ni tafutosa. 45

39 I take _aki no hana_ to refer to the season merely.

For _akitsushima_, _mononofuno_, _yasumishishi_ see List m. k.

MAKI XIX, SHIMO

256

Hiroki yotsu no kurawi kamitsu shina (jiushii jô) Koma no Asomi Fukushima ni mikotonorishite Naniha ni tsukahashi ohomiki sakana wo Morokoshi ni tsukahasu tsukahi Fujihara no Asomi Kiyokaha-ra ni tamaheru ohomi-uta.

Soramitsu 1
Yamato no kuni ha
midzu no he ha
tsuchi yuku gotoku
funa no he ha 5
toko ni woru goto
ohokami no
ihaheru kuni so
yotsu no fune
funa no he narabe 10
tahirakeku
haya watarite kite
kaheri koto
mawosamu hi ni
ahi nomamu ki so
kono toyomiki ha. 15

3 _midzu no he_, _midzu no uhe_, i.e. on the sea.

5 _funa no he_, _funa no uhe_, i.e. on shipboard.

10 _funa no he_, prow.

15 _toyo-mi-ki_ = rich-royal-_sakè_.

For _soramitsu_ see List m. k.

257

Mikotonori wo uketamaharu ga tame ni arakazhime yomeru uta.

Ashihikino 1
yatsuwo no uhe no
tsuganokino
iya tsugitsugi ni
matsuganeno 5
tayuru koto naku
awoniyoshi
Nara no miyako ni
yorodzu yo ni
kuni shirasamu to 10
yasumishishi
waga ohokimi no
kamu nagara
omohoshimeshite
toyo no agari 15
mesu kefu no hi ha
mononofuno
yasotomo no wo no
Shima yama ni
akaru tachibana 20
udzu ni sashi
himo toki sakete
chitose hoki
hosaki-toyomoshi
werawera ni 25
tsukahematsuru wo
miru ga tafutosa.

1-13 Praise of the Mikado. 14 to end, appeal to the loyalty of those invited to the Presence.

23, 24 _hoki_, _hosaki_ (_hogi_, _hosagi_) = _ihafu_.

For _ashihikino_, _tsuganokino_, _matsuganeno_, _awoniyoshi_, _yasumishishi_, _mononofuno_ see List m. k.

MAKI XX, KAMI

258

[Tempyô shôhô shichi nen] kisaragi nanuka no hi Sagamu no kuni no Sakimori Kotori tsukahi kami hiroki itsutsu no kurawi no shimotsu shina Fujihara no Asomi Sukunamaro ga tatematsureru uta no kadzu yatsu tada tsutanaki uta itsutsu ha kore wo agezu.

Sakimori no wakare no kokoro wo itamite yomeru uta.

Sumerogi no 1
toho no mikado to
shiranuhi
Tsukushi no kuni ha
ata mamoru 5
osahe no ki so to
kikoshiwosu
yomo no kuni ni ha
hito saha ni
michi ni ha aredo 10
toriganaku
Adzuma wonoko ha
ide mukahi
kaheri-misezute
isamitaru 15
takeki ikusa to
negitamahi
make no manimani
tarachineno
haha ga mekarete 20
wakakusano
tsuma wo makazu
aratamano
tsuki hi yomitsutsu
ashigachiru 25
Naniha no mi tsu ni
ohobune ni
ma-kai shizhi nuki
asa nagi ni
kako totonohe 30
yufu shiho ni
kaji hiki wori
adomohite
kogi yuku kimi ha
nami no ma wo 35
i-yuki sa-kukumi
masakiku mo
hayaku itarite
ohokimi no
mikoto no manima 40
masurawono
kokoro wo mochite
ari-meguri
koto shi woharaba
tsutsumahazu 45
kaheri-kimasu to
ihahihe wo
toko he ni suwete
shirotaheno
sode wori-kaheshi 50
nubatamano
kurokami shikite
nagaki ke wo
machi ka mo kohimu
hashiki tsumara ha. 55

Argument (_dai_), _sakamori_ (_sakahi mamori_), garrison soldier or warrior, frontier defence.

6 _osahe no ki_, defensive fort = garrison, military post.

13 go forth to meet, i.e. the enemy.

17 _negi_ = _negirafu_, seems to mean to thank, recompense, reward.

25 A sort of m. k. of Naniha.

53 _nagaki ki-he_.

For _toriganaku_, _tarachineno_, _wakakusano_, _aratamano_, _ashigachiru_, _masurawono_, _shirotaheno_, _nubatamano_ see List m. k.

259

Omohi wo noburu uta.

Sumerogi no 1
tohoki mi yo ni mo
oshiteru
Naniha no kuni ni
ame no shita 5
shirashimeshiki to
ima no yo ni
tayezu ihitsutsu
kakemaku mo
aya ni kashikoshi 10
kamu nagara
wago ohokimi no
uchinabiku
haru no hazhime ha
yachi kusa ni 15
hana saki nihohi
yama mireba
mi no tomoshiku
kaha mireba
mi no sayakeku 20
mono goto ni
sakayuru toki to
meshi tamahi
akirame-tamahi
shikimaseru 25
Naniha no miya ha
kikoshimesu
yomo no kuni yori
tatematsuru
mi-tsuki no fune ha 30
Horiye yori
miwo-biki shi-tsutsu
asa nagi ni
kaji hiki nobori
yufu shiho ni 35
sawo sashi-kudari
ajimura no
sawaki kihohite
hama ni idete
una-hara mireba 40
shiranami no
yahe woru ga uhe ni
ama wo-bune
harara ni ukite
oho-mi-ke 45
tsukahematsuru to
wochi-kochi ni
isari-tsurikeri
sokidaku mo
ogironaki ka mo 50
kokibaku mo
yutakeki ka mo
koko mireba
ubeshi kami yo yu
hazhimekerashi wo. 55

50 _ogironaki_, a doubtful word--vast, boundless.

52 _yutakeki_, abundant, prosperous.

For _oshiteru_ see List m. k.

260

Ashigara no 1
mi saka tamahari
kaheri-mizu
are ha kuye-yuku
arashi-wo mo 5
tashi ya habakaru
Fuha no seki
kuyete wa ha yuku
muma no tsume
Tsukushi no saki ni 10
chimari wite
are ha ihahamu
moromoro ha
sakeku to mawosu
kaheri-ku made ni. 15

2 _ta-mahari_, _ta_ is intensitive (as in _ta-motohori_). This lay is in the dialect affected by officials in the Adzuma (Eastland).

4 _kuye_ = _koye_.

5 _arashi-wo_, vir ferox, fortis (_masurawo_).

5, 6 Descriptive of Fuha no seki.

8 = _tachi yo_, &c.

10 This line is epithetical of _tsuku_ (stamp, as hoofs do); part of place-name, Tsukushi.

11 _chimari_ = _tomari_.

MAKI XX, NAKA

261

Sakimori no kokoro ni narite omohi wo nobite yomeru uta.

Ohokimi no 1
mikoto kashikomi
tsuma wakare
kanashiku ha aredo
masurawono 5
kokoro furi-okoshi
tori-yosohi
kado-de ha sureba
tarachineno
haha ha kaki-nade 10
wakakusano
tsuma ha tori-tsuki
tahirakeku
ware ha ihahamu
masakikute 15
haya kaheri-ko to
ma-sode mochi
namida wo nogohi
musebitsutsu
koto-dohi sureba 20
muratorino
ide-tachi-kate ni
todokohori
kaheri-mishitsutsu
iya toho ni 25
kuni wo ki-hanare
iya taka ni
yama wo koye-sugi
ashigachiru
Naniha ni ki-wite 30
yufu shiho ni
fune wo ukesuwe
asa-nagi ni
he muke kogamu to
samorafu 35
waga woru toki ni
haru kasumi
shima-mi ni tachite
tadzuganeno
kanashiku nakeba 40
haro-baro ni
ihe wo omohi-de
ohi so-ya no
soyo to naru made
nageki tsuru ga mo. 45

18 _nogohi_ = _nuguhi_.

43 _so-ya_, war-arrows, as distinct from hunting-arrows.

44 _soyo_, noise of rustling--is there a quibble here?--_soya_, _soyo_, one fears there is.

For _masurawono_, _tarachineno_, _wakakusano_, _muratorino_, _ashigachiru_, _tadzuganeno_ see List m. k.

262

Sakimori no wakare no kokoro wo noburu uta.

Ohokimi no 1
make no manimani
saki-mori ni
waga tachi-kureba
hahasobano 5
haha no mikoto ha
mi mo no suso
tsumi-age kaki-nade
chichinomino
chichi no mikoto ha 10
takudzununo
shirahige no uhe yu
namida tari
nageki notabaku
kako zhi mono 15
tada hitori shite
asa-to-de no
kanashiki aga ko
aratamano
toshi no wo nagaku 20
ahi-mizu ha
kohishiku arubeshi
kefu dani mo
koto-tohi semu to
woshimitsutsu 25
kanashibi imase
wakakusano
tsuma mo kodomo mo
wochi kochi ni
saha ni kakumi wi 30
harutorino
kowe no samayohi
shirotaheno
sode naki nurashi
tadzusahari 35
wakare kate ni to
hiki-todome
shitahishi mono wo
ohokimino
mikoto kashikomi 40
tamahokono
michi ni ide-tachi
woka no saki
i-tamuru goto ni
yorodzu tabi 45
kaheri-mi shitsutsu
harobaro ni
wakare shi kureba
omofu sora
yasuku mo arazu 50
kofuru sora
kurushiki mono wo
utsusemino
yo no hito nareba
tamakiharu 55
inochi mo shirazu
unahara no
kashikoki michi wo
shima-dzutahi
i-kogi watarite 60
ari-meguri
waga kuru made ni
tahirakeku
oya ha imasane
tsutsumi-naku 65
tsuma ha matase to
Suminoye no
aga sume kami ni
nusa matsuri
inori maushite 70
Naniha tsu ni
fune wo ukesuwe
yaso ka nuki
kako totonohete
asabiraki 75
wa ha kogi-denu to
ihe ni tsuge koso.

5, 6 sound-play, _hahaso-ba_, _haha_. _hahaso_ = Quercus dentata.

9, 10 sound-play, _chichi no mi_, _chichi no mi[koto]_. _chichi no ki_ = _ichô_ = Ginkgo biloba (maiden-hair tree).

11 _takudzunu_ is m. k. of _shira[hige]_.

15 _kako_ = _shika_ (_no_) _ko_.

44 _i-tamuru_ = _i-tamotohoru_.

73 _ka_ = _kaji_.

For _chichinomino_, _takudzununo_, _aratamano_, _wakakusano_, _harutorino_, _shirotaheno_, _ohokimino_, _tamahokono_, _utsusemino_, _tamakiharu_ see List m. k.

MAKI XX, SHIMO

263

Yagara wo satosu uta.

Hisakatano 1
ama no to hiraki;
Takachiho no
take ni amorishi
Sumerogi no 5
kami no mi yo yori
hazhi-yumi wo
tanigiri motashi
makagoya wo
tabasami sohete 10
Ohokume no
masuratake-wo wo
saki ni tate
yuki tori-ohose
yama kaha wo 15
iha-ne sakumite
fumi tohori
kuni-magi shitsutsu
chihayaburu
kami wo kotomuke 20
matsurohanu
hito wo mo yahashi
haki-kiyome
tsukahematsurite
Akitsushima 25
Yamato no kuni no
Kashibara no
Unebi no miya ni
miya-bashira
futoshiritatete 30
ame no shita
shirashimeshikeru
Sumerogi no
ama no hitsugi to
tsugite kuru 35
kimi no miyo miyo
kakusahanu
akaki kokoro wo
sumera he ni
kihame tsukushite 40
tsukahekuru
oya no tsukasa to
kotodatete
sadzuke-tamaheru
umi no ko no 45
iya tsugitsugi ni
miru hito no
katari tsugitete
kiku hito no
kagami ni semu wo 50
atarashiki
kiyoki sono na so
ohoroka ni
kokoro omohite
muna koto no 55
oya no na tatsuna
Ohotomo no
uji to na ni oheru
masurawo no tomo.

8 _ta-nigiri_, _ta_ is emphatic.

18 _kuni-magi_ appears to mean, opening the country.

20 _kotomuke_.

22 _yahashi_, quell.

39 _he_ = _kata_.

45 _umi no ko_, progeny, descendants.

48 Note the rare form _tsugitete_ (_tsugitsutsu_).

53 Seems to = _ohohoshiku_, with _omofu_, treat lightly.

55 _muna koto_ = _munashiki kotoba_.

56 _oya no na wo tatsuna_ = expose not the family name.

For _hisakatano_, _chihayaburu_, _Akitsushima_ see List m. k.

264

Mi tose to ifu toshi mutsuki no tsukitachi no hi Inaba no kuni no matsurigoto-tono nite tsukasa hitora wo ahesuru no utage no uta hitotsu ohari no mizhika uta.

Aratashiki 1
toshi no hazhime no
hatsu haru no
kefu furu yuki no
iya shige yogoto. 5

Kozhiki uta hitotsu (K. App. VI)

Yachihoko no 1
kami no mikoto ya
a ga ohokuni
nushi koso ha
wo no imaseba 5
uchi-miru
shima no sakizaki
kaki-miru
iso no saki ochizu
wakakusano 10
tsuma motaserame
a ha mo yo
me nishi areba
na okite
wa ha nashi 15
na okite
tsuma ha nashi
ayakaki no
fuhaya ga shita ni
mushibusuma 20
nikoya ga shita ni
takubusuma
sayagu ga shita ni
awayuki no
wakayaru mune wo 25
takudzunu no
shiroki tadamuki
so-dataki
tataki managari
matamade 30
tamada sashimake
momonaga ni
i wo shi nase
toyomiki
tatematourase. 35

18 _karuku_, _nikoyaka ni_.

19 A warm _fusuma_--bed-cover or wadded bed-gown.

21 = _nagoyaka_ (_naru mono no_) _shita ni_, under something soft.

22 = _fusuma_ made of _taku_ (Broussonetia) cloth.

23 _sayagu_, rustle, like leaves in the wind.

24 foam-snow, soft snow that falls in spring.

25 _wakayaru_, perhaps = young.

27 _tadamuki_ = _ude_, arm.

29 _managari_, interlacingly.

33 _i_, sleep.

Nihongi uta hitotsu (under year A.D. 513 ed. Ihida)

Yashima kuni 1
tsuma maki-kanete
haruhino
Kasuga no kuni ni
kuhashi me wo 5
ari to kikite
yoroshi me wo
ari to kikite
makisaku
hi no itato wo 10
oshi-hiraki
ware irimashi
ato tori
tsuma tori shite
makura tori 15
tsuma tori shite
imo ga te wo
ware ni makishi me
waga te wo ba
imo ni makishi me 20
masaki tsura
tataki asahari
shishikushiro
umahi ne shi to ni
nihatsutori 25
kake ha naku nari
nutsutori
kigishi ha toyomu
hashikeku mo
imada ihazute 30
aki ni keri wagimo!

13 on the heels of.

22 _asahari_ = _azanahari_, enlace or be enlaced with. _tataki_ = pat, beat softly and repeatedly.

29 _hashikeku_ seems to be connected with _hashi_, end.

KOKINSHIU

1

Iso no kami
furuki miyako no
hototogisu
kowe bakari koso
mukashi narikeri.

2

Hana no chiru
koto ya wabishiki
harugasumi
Tatsuta no yama no
uguhisu no kowe.

3

Yuki no uchi ni
haru ha ki nikeri
uguhisu no
kohoreru namida
ima ya tokuramu.

4

Yo no naka ni
tayete sakura no
nakariseba
haru no kokoro ha
nodokekaramashi.

5

Utsusemino
yo ni mo nitaru ka
hanazakura
saku to mishi ma ni
katsu chiri nikeri.

6

Momijiba wo
kaze ni makasete
miru yori mo
hakanaki mono ha
inochi narikeri.

7

Hana chirasu
kaze no yadori ha
tare ka shiru
ware ni oshiheyo
yukite uramimu.

8

Harusame no
furu ha namida ka
sakurabana
chiru wo woshimanu
hito shi nakereba.

9

Haru kasumi
tatsu wo misutete
yuku kari ha
hana naki sato ni
sumi ya narayeru.

HIYAKUNIN ITSUSHIYU

10

Kasasagi no
wataseru hashi ni
oku shimo no
shiroki wo mireba
yo so fuke nikeru.

11

Kimi ga tame
haru no no ni idete
wakana tsumu
waga koromo-de ni
yuki ha furitsutsu.

12

Hana sasofu
arashi no niha no
yuki narade
furi-yuku mono ha
wagami narikeri.

13

Wabinureba
ima hata onazhi
Naniha naru
mi wo tsukushite mo
awamu to so omofu.

14

Haru no yo no
yume bakari naru
tamakura ni
kahi naku tatamu
na koso woshikere.

15

Aki kaze ni
tanabiku kumo no
tahema yori
more-idzuru tsuki no
kage no sayakesa.

16

Aki no ta no
kari ho no iho no
toma wo arami
waga koromo-de ha
tsuyu ni nuretsutsu.

17

Haru sugite
natsu ki nikerashi
shirotaheno
koromo hosu chifu
Ama no Kaguyama.

18

Ashihikino
yamadori no wo no
shidari wo no
naganagashi yo wo
hitori ka mo nemu.

19

Tago no ura ni
uchi-idete mireba
shirotaheno
Fuji no takane ni
yuki ha furitsutsu.

20

Okuyama ni
momiji fumi-wake
naku shika no
kowe kiku toki so
aki ha kanashiki.

21

Ama no hara
furisake mireba
Kasuga naru
Mikasa no yama ni
ideshi tsuki ka mo.

22

Hana no iro ha
utsuri nikerina
itadzura ni
wagami yo ni furu
nagameseshi ma ni.

23

Tsukubane no
mine yori otsuru
Mina no kaha
kohi so tsumorite
fuchi to narinuru.

TAKETORI NO OKINA NO MONOGATARI

TEXT TRANSLITERATED