Chapter V: Introduction: Short Grammar of Old Japanese (2)

For _fuyukomori_ see List m. k.

7

Nukata no Ohokimi no Afumi no kuni ni kudaritamaheru toki yomitamaheru uta.

Umasake
Miwa no yama
awoniyoshi
Nara no yama no
yama no ma yu 5
i-kakuru made
michi no kuma
i-tsumoru made ni
tsubaraka ni
mitsutsu yukamu wo 10
shibashiba mo
misakamu yama wo
kokoro naku
kumo no
kakusafubeshi ya. 15

6 _kakuru_, to be hidden.

10 _yukamu [mono] wo [omohite]_.

15 _kakusubeshi_.

For _umasake_ and _awoniyoshi_ see List m. k.

MAKI I NAKA

Asuka no Kiyomihara no miya ni amenoshita shiroshimeshishi Sumera mikoto no mi-yo.

8

Sumera mikoto no mi-yomimaseru ohomi uta.

Mi-Yoshinu no 1
Mikane no take ni
tokinaku so
yuki ha furikeru
ma naku so 5
ame ha furikeru
sono yuki no
tokinaki ga goto
sono ame no
ma naki ga goto 10
kuma mo ochizu
omohitsutsu so kuru
sono yama michi wo.

1 _mi_ = _ma_, true, excellent, almost Greek εὐ-.

13 Read _michi wo_ with _kuru_.

Fujihara no miya ni amenoshita shiroshimeshishi Sumera mikoto no mi-yo.

9

Afumi no aretaru miyako wo yuku Kakinomoto no Asomi Hitomaro ga yomeru uta.

Tamatasuki 1
Unebi no yama no
kashihara no
hizhiri no mi-yo yo
aremashishi 5
kami no kotogoto
tsuganokino
iya tsugitsugi ni
amenoshita
shiroshimeshishi wo 10
soramitsu
Yamato wo okite
awoniyoshi
Nara yama koyete
ikasama ni 15
omohoshikeme ka
amazakaru
hina ni ha aranedo
ihabashiru
Afumi no kuni no 20
sasanami no
ohotsu no miya ni
amenoshita
shiroshimeshikemu
Sumerogi no 25
kami no mikoto no
ohomiya ha
koko to kikedomo
ohotono ha
kaku to ihedomo 30
kasumitatsu
haru hi ka kireru
natsu kusa ka
shigeru narinuru
momoshiki no 35
ohomiya tokoro
mireba kanashi mo.

Sasanami no 1
Shiga no Karasaki
sakiku aredo
ohomiya hito no
fune machikanetsu. 5

Sasanami no 1
Shiga no Ohowada
yodomu tomo
mukashi no hito ni
mata mo ahame ya mo. 5

See vol. of translations.

The m. k. apply to the words following them, but (1) to _Une[bi]_, (19) to _aha_ of _Afumi_.

For _tamatasuki_, _tsuganokino_, _soramitsu_, _awoniyoshi_, _amazakaru_, _ihabashiru_, _sasanami_, _kasumitatsu_, _momoshiki_ see List m. k.

2 Note the jingle _Karasaki_ | _sakiku_.

10

Yoshinu no miya ni idemaseru toki Hitomaro ga yomeru uta (futatsu) kaheshi uta (hitotsu).

Yasumishishi 1
waga ohokimi no
kikoshiwosu
amenoshita ni
kuni ha shimo 5
saha ni aredomo
yama kaha no
kiyoki Kafuchi to
mikokorowo
Yoshinu no kuni no 10
hana chirafu
Akidzu no nu he ni
miya hashira
futoshikimaseba
momoshikino 15
ohomiya hito ha
fune namete
asa kaha watari
fune kihohi
yufu kaha watari 20
kono kaha no
tayuru koto naku
kono yama no
iya takakarashi
ochi-tagitsu 25
taki no miyako ha
miredo akanu ka mo.

miredo akanu 1
Yoshinu no kaha no
toko name no
tayurukoto naku
mata kaherimimu. 5

3 _kikoshiwosu_; _wosu_ is to eat; _kikoshi_, honour-causative intensitive of _kiku_, hear, have sensation of, taste, judge, &c.; the whole = _kikoshimesu_, to be supreme over, govern. The idea, perhaps, was that of the chief having complete control of all the wealth of the tribe originally for the subsistence of himself and his _gesyth_.

5 _shi mo_, a pair of emphatic particles. _Shi_ perhaps was originally this or that, or this or that self (or it may be root of _suru_, to do, act); _mo_ is merely, also, too. _Shi mo_ almost = _naho_.

6 _saha_, abundant. The homonym _saha_ also means a marshy valley-bottom, in Japano-Chinese _taku_. Hence by a rebus-wise use of the Chinese character _taku_ continued with _san_ mountain (_yama_) came to be _takusan_, a common word for much, many.

11 For _hana-chiru_.

19 _kihohi_ = _kisohi_ (_gihohi_).

26 _taki_ or _tagi_ = cascade, rapids, descriptive of neighbourhood of the _miyako_.

27 _ka mo_, an elliptical expression, _omofu_ being understood, almost = _mo gana_.

For _yasumishishi_, _mikokorowo_, _momoshikino_ see List m. k.

11

Yasumishishi 1
Waga ohokimi
kamu nagara
kamusabisesu to
Yoshinu-gaha 5
tagitsu Kafuchi ni
takatono wo
takashirimashite
nobori-tachi
kunimi wo sureba 10
tatanadzuku
awokaki yama
yamatsumi no
matsuru mitsugi to
haru he ha 15
hana kazashi mochi
aki tateba
momichi-ba kazashi
Yufu-gaha no
kami mo 20
ohomike ni
tsukahematsuru to
kamitsu se ni
u-kaha wo tate
shimotsu se ni 25
sade sashiwatashi
yama kaha mo
yorite tsukafuru
kami no mi-yo ka mo.

Yama kaha mo 1
yorite tsukafuru
kamu nagara
tagitsu Kafuchi ni
funade sesu ka mo! 5

3 _kamu_ = _kami_.

4 _kamu sabi sesu_, _sabi_ is viewed in the Kogi as contraction of _shika-buri_. More likely _sabi_ is connected with _sabu_ (_shiki_) and _samushi_.

8 _takashiri …_, to exercise high rule.

13 _yamatsumi_, compare _watatsumi_ (_yama-wata-tsu [ka] mi_), mountain gods. I prefer this to Dr. Florenz’s etymology (F. I. 39).

16 _kazashi_ = _kami-sashi_, stick in, or wear on, the hair.

24 to set up a cormorant-stream, i.e. provide cormorants and their keepers.

5 _desesu_ = _idasu_, i.e. _funade wo seshimu_.

The m. k. (11) applies rather to _yama_.

For _yasumishishi_ and _tatanadzuku_ see List m. k.

12

Karu no miko no Aki no nu ni yadorimaseru toki Hitomaro ga yomeru uta.

Yasumishishi 1
waga ohokimi
takahikaru
hi no miko
kamu nagara 5
kamusabisesu to
futoshikasu
miyako wo okite
komorikuno
Hatsuse no yama ha 10
makitatsu
arayama michi wo
iha ga ne no
shimoto oshinabe
sakatorino 15
asa koyemashite
kagirohino
yufu sarikureba
mi-yaki furu
Aki no ohonu ni 20
hatasusuki
shinu ni oshinabe
kusamakura
tabi-yadorisesu
inishihe ’mohoshite. 25

1, 2, 3 are introductory to _hi no miko_.

12 Supply _yukuni_ after _wo_.

14 _shimoto_, brushwood, bushes.

14, 22 _oshinabe_ = _oshinabikasu_, push-bend-down. _shinu_ = _shinaheru_, intensifies the meaning; _shinu_, _shinubu_, _shinaheru_, _shinahi_, _shinadaru_ are all etymologically and logically connected.

19 _mi_ = _utsukushii_.

21 A tall full-spiked grass, probably an Arundo or Miscanthus.

22 _shita ni oshi-fuse-nabikasu sama_, _shinu_ connected with _shinahe_, _shinubu._

25 _omohoshite._

The m. k. (9) applies to _Hatsuse no yama_.

For _yasumishishi_, _takahikaru_, _komorikuno_, _makitatsu_, _sakatorino_, _kagirohino_, _kusamakura_ see List m. k.

MAKI I SHIMO

13

Fujihara no miya tsukuri ni tateru tami no yomeru uta.

Yasumishishi 1
waga ohokimi
takahikaru
hi no miko
arataheno 5
Fujihara ga uhe ni
wosu kuni wo
meshitamahamu to
ohomiya ha
takashirasamu to 10
kamu nagara
omohosu nabe ni
ame tsuchi mo
yorite are koso
ihabashiru 15
Afumi no kuni no
koromodeno
Tanakami yama
makisaku
hi no tsumade wo 20
mononofuno
yaso Uji-kaha ni
tamamonasu
ukabe nagasere
so wo toru to 25
sawaku mi-tami mo
ihe wasure
mi wo tanashirani
kamo zhi mono
midzu ni uki-wite 30
aga tsukuru
hi no mikado ni
shiranu kuni
yori Kose-ji yori
waga kuni ha 35
tokoyo ni naramu
fumi oheru
ayashiki kame mo
arata yo to
Idzumi no kaha ha 40
mochi koseru
maki no tsumade wo
momotarazu
ikada ni tsukuri
nobosuramu 45
isohaku mireba
kamu nagara narashi.

8 _meshi_, _mishi_ (_miru_).

8, 10 Supply _omote_ after _to_.

10 Equivalent to _shiroshimesu_ = here, to give high command for.

12 _omohosu nabe_; _nabe_ has force of _tsurete_ (together with).

12, 13, 14 to be read together.

14 _are_ = _areba_.

25 _so_ = _sore_ (_tsumade_).

26 Or _sawagu_.

31 _aga_ = _tami_.

34 The meaning is made clear by passing to v. 40, and reading the intervening verses as a parenthesis.

47 _narashi_, I take = _naramu_, nearly.

The m. k. (5) applies to _Fuji[hara]_, (17) to _Ta[nakami]_, (43) to _i[kada]_; _i_ = 50.

For _yasumishishi_, _takahikaru,_ _arataheno_, _ihabashiru_, _koromodeno_, _makisaku_, _mononofuno_, _tamamonasu_, _momotarazu_ see List m. k.

14

Fujihara no miya no mi-wi no uta.

Yasumishishi 1
waga ohokimi
takahikaru
hi no miko
arataheno 5
Fujiwi ga hara ni
ohomikado
hazhimetamahite
Haniyasu no
tsutsumi no uhe ni 10
aritatashi
meshitamaheba
Yamato no
awokagu yama ha
hi no tate no 15
ohomikado ni
awoyama to
shimi sabitateni
Unebi no
kono midzu yama ha 20
hi no yoko no
ohomikado ni
midzu yama to
yama sabi-imasu
Miminashi no 25
awosuga yama ha
sotomo no
ohomikado ni
yoroshi nabe
kamusabitateru 30
naguhashi
Yoshinu no yama ha
kagetomo ni
ohomikado yo
kumowi ni so 35
tohoku arikeru
takashiru ya
ame no mi kage
ameshiruya
hi no mi kage no 40
midzu koso ha
tokiha ni arame
mi-wi no mashi midzu.

Fujihara no 1
ohomiya tsukahe
aretsugu ya
wotome ga tomo ha
tomoshiki ro ka mo. 5

4 _hi no miko_ is the Queen-Regnant Jito, the subject of all the verbs down to _tamaheba_ (v. 12).

15 _hi no tate_ must here mean the East, and _hi no yoko_ (21), lit. the noon-sun direction, must mean the West.

27 _sotomo_, hinder, shady, or north face.

33 _kagetomo_, light or south face. The exact distribution, however, of the meaning of these terms is not quite clear; _hinotate_, _hi no yoke_, _sotomo_, _kagetomo_.

37, 39 I take the _ya_ as interjectional.

39 _ame-shiru_, heaven-rule.

40 I take the _no_ as connecting 37-40 with _midzu_ in 41. The text is not easy, and the Kogi seems to me rather to shirk the main difficulties.

3 _are-tsugu_ = _arahare-tsugu_, be manifest, i.e. follow in succession.

For _yasumishishi_, _takahikaru_, _arataheno_, _ameshiruya_ see List m. k.

[Nara no miya ni amenoshita shiroshimeshishi Sumera mikoto no mi-yo.]

15

[Aru hon] Fujihara no miyako yori Nara no miya ni utsurimaseru toki no uta.

Ohokimi no 1
mikoto kashikomi
nikibinishi
ihe wo oki
komorikuno 5
Hatsuse no kaha ni
fune ukete
aga yuku kaha no
kaha kuma no
yaso kuma ochizu 10
yorodzu tabi
kaherimishitsutsu
tamahokono
michi yuki-kurashi
awoniyoshi 15
Nara no miyako no
Saho-gaha ni
i-yuki itarite
aga netaru
koromo no uhe yo 20
asadzuku yo
sayaka ni mireba
tahe no ho ni
yoru no shimo furi
ihatoko to 25
kaha no hikohori
sayuru yo wo
yasumu koto naku
kayohitsutsu
tsukureru ihe ni 30
chi yo made ni
imasamu kimi to
are mo kayohamu.

Awoniyoshi 1
Nara no ihe ni ha
yorodzu yo ni
are mo kayohamu
wasuru to ’mofu na. 5

32 _kimi_ is the friend who has removed to the new capital.

5 _omofu_.

For _komorikuno_, _tamahokono_, _awoniyoshi_ see List m. k.

MAKI II KAMI

Shitashimi uta. Asuka no Kiyomihara no miya ni amenoshita shiroshimeshishi Sumera mikoto no mi-yo.

16, 17

Hitomaro ga Ihami no kuni yori me ni wakarete mawinoboru toki uta futatsu.

16

Ihami no mi 1
Tsunu no ura-mi wo
ura nashi to
hito koso mirame
katanashi to 5
hito koso mirame
yoshiweyashi
ura ha naku tomo
yoshiweyashi
kata ha naku tomo 10
isanatori
umi he wo sashite
Watadzu no
ariso no uhe ni
ka-awo naru 15
tamamo okitsu mo
asa ha furu
kaze koso ki-yose
yufu ha furu
nami koso ki-yose 20
nami no muta
ka yori kaku yoru
tamamonasu
yori-neshi imo wo
tsuyushimono 25
okite shi kureba
kono michi no
yasokuma goto ni
yorodzu tabi
kaherimi suredo 30
iya toho ni
sato ha sakarinu
iya taka ni
yama wa koyekinu
natsukusano 35
omohishi nayete
shinubaramu
imo ga kado mimu
nabike kono yama.

Ihami no ya 1
Takatsunu yama no
ko no ma yori
aga furu sode wo
imo mitsuramu ka. 5

Sasa ga ha ha 1
mi-yama mo saya ni
midaredomo
are ha imo omofu
wakare kinureba. 5

1 _mi_, _umi_, sea.

2 _mi_, neighbourhood, tract.

5 _kata_, land dry at low tide.

21 with the motion of the waves.

28 _yaso_, lit. 80 = many, all.

35 Read with _nayete_.

39 _nabike_, has imperative meaning.

3 _ko_ is tree.

5 _mitsuramu_ = shall have seen?

2 _mi-yama_ = great hills. _saya ni_, murmurously.

5 Read before 4. The m. k. (35) applies to _nayete_.

For _isanatori_, _tamamonasu_, _tsuyushimono_, _natsukusano_ see List m. k.

17

Tsunusahafu 1
Ihami no umi no
kotosaheku
Kara no saki naru
ikuri ni so 5
fukamiru ofuru
ariso ni so
tamamo ha ofuru
tamamonasu
nabiki-neshi ko wo 10
fukamiruno
fukamete ’mohedo
sa-neshi yo ha
ikuda mo arazu
hafu-tsuta no 15
wakareshi kureba
kimomukafu
kokoro wo itami
omohitsutsu
kaherimi suredo 20
ohobuneno
Watari no yama no
momiji-ba no
chiri no midari ni
imo ga sode 25
saya ni mo miyezu
tsumagomoru
Yakami no yama no
kumo ma yori
watarafu tsuki no 30
woshikedomo
kakurohi kitsutsu
amatsutafu
irihi sashinure
masurawo to 35
omoheru are no
shikitaheno
koromo no sode ha
tohorite nurenu.

Awo koma ga 1
agaki wo hayami
kumowi ni so
imo ga atari wo
sugite ki ni keru. 5

Akiyama ni 1
chirafu momiji-ba
shimashiku ha
na chiri-midari so
imo ga atari mimu. 5

1 ivy-grown.

3 to utter words indistinctly. There is a word-fancy here, Kara being the name of a division of Korea. At this period of Japanese history Korean immigrations were frequent. See Aston’s _Nihongi_.

5 _ikuri_ = black mud at bottom of sea or pool. (K. 285, LXXIV, N. 269, where it is translated ‘rocks’.)

6 _fukamiru_ = deep-sea _miru_ (a kind of sea-weed).

11, 12 A word-fancy on _fukamiru_ and _fukamete_.

15 Parting is likened to stripping ivy from its rock.

16, 17 A combination of heart and liver to express mind and feeling.

27 The m. k. _tsumagomoru_ (wife-secluding) applied to the homophon _ya_ (house) of Yakami cannot be rendered.

31 Must be read parenthetically.

The m. k. (1) is applied to _Iha[mi]_, of (33) to _hi_.

For _tsunusahafu_, _kotosaheku_, _tamamonasu_, _fukamiruno_, _kimomukafu_, _ohobuneno_, _amatsutafu_, _shikitaheno_ see List m. k.

MAKI II NAKA

Afumi no Ohotsu no miya ni amenoshita shiroshimeshishi Sumera mikoto no mi-yo.

18

Sumera mikoto kamuagarimaseru toki wominame ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Utsusemi shi 1
kami ni taheneba
sakari-wite
asa nageku kimi
hanare-wite 5
aga kofuru kimi
tama naraba
te ni maki-mochite
kinu naraba
nuku toki mo naku 10
aga kohimu
kimi so kiso no yo
ime ni miyetsuru.

There are no m. k.

1 _shi_ is the usual emphatic or slightly illative form-word. _Utsusemi_, _utsusomi_ = _utsutsu_ or _wotsutsu mi_.

2 _taheneba_, _taheru_, be able to, capable of, &c.

4 For _asa_, _mawi_ may be read.

13 Observe force of _tsuru_ implying that the vision is still in part existent, unforgotten.

12 _kiso_ = _kisu_ = _sakujitsu_.

For _utsusemi_ see List m. k.

19

Sumera mikoto no oho-araki no toki no uta yotsu [sono uchi] Ohokisaki no mi-uta hitotsu.

Isanatori 1
Afumi no umi wo
oki sakete
kogi-kuru fune
he tsukite 5
kogi-kuru fune
okitsu kai
itaku na hane so
hetsu kai
itaku na hane so 10
wakakusano
tsuma no mikoto no
omofu tori tatsu.

12 _tsuma_ = _otto_.

1-5 are introductory, 6-10 hortatory, 11-13 give the motive, 13 being the climax.

For _isanatori_ and _wakakusano_ see List m. k.

20

Yamashina no mi-sasagi yori agareru toki Nukata no Ohokimi yomitamaheru uta hitotsu.

Yasumishishi 1
wago ohokimi no
kashikoki ya
omi-haka tsukafuru
Yamashina 5
Kagami no yama ni
yoru ha mo
yo no kotogoto
hiru ha mo
hi no kotogoto 10
ne nomi wo
nakitsutsu arite ya
momoshiki no
ohomiya hito ha
yuki wakarenamu. 15

2 _wago_ = _waga_.

3 _ya_ = _yo_.

4 Read this line in connexion with 13, 14, 15.

For _yasumishishi_ and _momoshiki_ see List m. k.

Asuka no Kiyomihara no miya ni amenoshita shiroshimeshishi Sumera mikoto no mi-yo.

21

Sumera mikoto no kamuagarimaseru toki Ohokisaki no yomimaseru mi-uta hitotsu.

Yasumishishi 1
waga ohokimi no
yufu sareba
meshitamafurashi
akekureba 5
tohitamafurashi
Kamiwoka no
yama no momichi wo
kefu mo ka mo
tohitamahamashi 10
asu mo ka mo
meshitamahamashi
sono yama wo
furisake mitsutsu
yufu sareba 15
aya ni kanashimi
akekureba
urasabi kurashi
arataheno
koromo no sode ha 20
hiru toki mo nashi.

There are pauses after each of the forms in _rashi_ and _mashi_.

4 _meshi_ = _mishi_, hon. caus.

1-12 form an introduction to 13 ff.

For _yasumishishi_ and _arataheno_ see List m. k.

Fujihara no miya ni amenoshita shiroshimeshishi Sumera mikoto no mi-yo.

22

Hinami no miko no mikoto no araki no miya no toki Hitomaro ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Ame tsuchi no 1
hazhime no toki shi
hisakatano
ama no kahara ni
yahoyorodzu 5
chi yorodzu kami no
kamu-tsudohi
tsudohi imashite
kamu agachi
agachi shi toki ni 10
Amaterasu
Hirume no mikoto
ame wo ba
shiroshimesu to
Ashihara no 15
Midzuho no kuni wo
ame tsuchi no
yori-ahi no kihami
shiroshimesu
kami no mikoto to 20
amakumono
ya he kaki wakete
kami kudari
imase matsurishi
takahikaru 25
hi no miko ha
Asuka no
Kiyomi no miya ni
kamu nagara
futoshikimashite 30
Sumerogi no
shikimasu kuni to
ama no hara
ihato wo hiraki
kamu nobori 35
nobori imashinu
waga ohokimi
miko no mikoto no
amenoshita
shiroshimeshiseba 40
haru hana no
tafutokaramu to
mochi-tsuki no
tatahashikemu to
amenoshita 45
yomo no hito no
ohobuneno
omohi tanomite
amatsumidzu
afugite matsu ni 50
ikasama ni
omohoshimese ka
tsuremonaki
Mayumi no woka ni
miya hashira 55
futoshiki imashi
mi araka no
takashirimashite
asa goto ni
mi koto tohasazu 60
tsuki-hi no
maneku narinure
soko yuwe ni
miko no miyabito
yuku-he shirazu mo! 65

5 _yaho_, eight hundred, i.e. countless.

9 _agachi_ = _wakachi_ (_tsu_).

18 _kihami_, in sense of _kagiri_, extent.

46 _yomo_, the four quarters, in or from every quarter.

53 _tsuremonaki_, alone, unattended.

57 _mi araka_ seems to mean here a new royal palace.

60 _mi koto_, royal words or commands. _tohasazu_; _tohasu_ = _tofu_, converse, speak with.

62 _maneku_ = many.

Line 23 refers to _Ninigi no mikoto_, line 30 to _Temmu tennô_, 37 _ohokimi_ is _Hinami no miko_ (see XIX, notes).

For _hisakata_, _amakumono_, _takahikaru_, _ohobuneno_, _amatsumidzu_ see List m. k.

23

[Kahashima no miko no araki no miya no toki] Hitomaro ga Hatsusebe no hime miko to [Osakabe no miko] tatematsureru uta hitotsu.

Tobutorino 1
Asuka no kaha no
kamitsu se ni
ofuru tamamo ha
shimotsu se ni 5
nagare-furafu
tamamonasu
ka yori kaku yori
nabikahishi
tsuma no mikoto no 10
tatanadzuku
niki-hada sura wo
tsurugitachi
mi ni sohe-neneba
nubatamano 15
yo toko mo aruramu
soko yuwe ni
nagusame-kanete
kedashiku mo
afu ya to ’mohoshite 20
tamatareno
Wochi no ohonu no
asa tsuyu ni
tamamo ha hidzuchi
yufu-giri ni 25
koromo ha nurete
kusamakura
tabi-ne ka mo suru
ahanu kimi yuwe.

6 _furafu_ = _furu_.

9 = _nabiku_.

10 _tsuma_, karizhi for _otto_.

11 _nikihada_ = _nikoyaka_, _yaharaku naru hada_.

16 _aruramu_ = _areru_, to waste, desolate.

19 _kedashiku_ = _moshi_.

For _tobutorino_, _tamamonasu_, _tatanadzuku_, _tsurugitachi_, _nubatamano_, _tamatareno_, _kusamakura_ see List m. k.

24

Takechi no miko no mikoto no Kinohe no araki no miya no toki Hitomaro ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Kakemaku mo 1
yuyushiki ka mo
ihamaku mo
aya ni kashikoki
Asuka no 5
Makami no hara ni
hisakatano
amatsu mikado wo
kashikoku mo
sadame-tamahite 10
kamusabu to
iha kakurimasu
yasumishishi
waga ohokimi no
kikoshimesu 15
sotomo no kuni no
makitatsu
Fuhayama koyete
komatsurugi
Wazami ga hara no 20
kari-miya ni
amori imashite
amenoshita
osame-tamahi
wosu-kuni wo 25
sadame-tamafu to
toriganaku
Adzuma no kuni no
mi ikusa wo
meshitamahite 30
chihayaburu
hito wo yahase to
matsurohanu
kuni wo osame to
miko nagara 35
makitamaheba
ohomi mi ni
tachi tori-obashi
ohomi te ni
yumi tori-motashite 40
mi ikusa wo
adomohi-tamahi
totonofuru
tsutsumi no oto ha
ikatsuchi no 45
kowe wo kiku made
fuki-naseru
kuda no oto mo
atamitaru
tora ka hoyuru to 50
moro hito no
obiyuru made ni
sasagetaru
hata no nabiki ha
fuyukomori 55
haru sarikureba
nu goto ni
tsukite aru hi no
kaze no muta
nabiku ga gotoku 60
tori-motaru
yu hazu no sawaki
mi yuki
furu
fuyu no hayashi ni 65
tsumushi ka mo
i-maki wataru to
omofu made
kiki no kashikoku
hiki-hanatsu 70
ya no shigekeku
ohoyuki no
midarete kitare
matsurohazu
tachi-mukahishi mo 75
tsuyu shimo no
kenaba kesubeku
yukutori no
arasofu hashi ni
Watarahi no 80
ihahi no miya yu
kamu kaze ni
i-fuki-madohashi
amakumo wo
hinomemomisezu 85
tokoyami ni
ohohi-tamahite
sadameteshi--
Midzuho no kuni wo
kamu nagara 90
futoshiki imashi[te]
yasumishishi
waga ohokimi no
amenoshita
mawoshi tamaheba 95
yorodzu yo ni
shikashi mo aramu to
yufuhanano
sakayuru toki ni
waga ohokimi 100
miko no mikado wo
kamu miya ni
yosohi matsurite
tsukahashishi
mikado no hito mo 105
shirotaheno
asa koromo kite
Haniyasu no
mikado no hara ni
akanesasu 110
hi no kotogoto
shishi zhi mono
ihahi fushitsutsu
nubatamano
yufuhe ni nareba 115
ohotono wo
furisake mitsutsu
udzuranasu
ihahi motohori
samorahedo 120
samorahi kanete
harutorino
samayohinureba
nageki mo
imada suginu ni 125
omohi mo
imada tsukineba
kotosaheku
Kudara no hara yu
kamu hafuri 130
hafuri-i mashite
asamoyoshi
Kinohe no miya wo
toko miya to
sadame-matsurite 135
kamu nagara
shidzumarimashinu
shikaredomo
waga ohokimi no
yorodzu yo to 140
omohoshimeshite
tsukurashishi
Kagu yama no miya
yorodzu yo ni
sugimu to ’mohe ya 145
ame no goto
furisake mitsutsu
tamatasuki
kakete shinubamu
kashikokaredomo! 150

Hisakata no 1
ame shirashinuru
kimi yuwe ni
tsuki hi mo shirani
kohi-wataru ka mo! 5

Haniyasu no 1
ike no tsutsumi no
komorinu no
yukuhe wo shirani
toneri ha madofu! 5

1 _kakemaku_ = _kakemu_ (_koto_), about to utter.

5 _ihamaku_ = _ihemu_ (_koto_), about to say.

8 _amatsu mikado_, heavenly palace, tomb or mortuary chapel or barrow of Temmu at Ohouchi (N. II. 387).

14 _ohokimi_ = Temmu.

16 _sotomo_, outer or back face, i.e. north (Mino).

19 _komatsurugi_ is m. k. of Wa(zami).

22 _amori_, _ama ori_, descend from heaven.

27 The m. k. applies to A(dzuma).

35 The _miko_ is Takechi.

36 _maki_ = _makase_, charge with.

37 _ohomi mi_, great self.

42 Pause at end of this line.

59 under force of the wind.

60 Another pause.

62 _yumi no hadzu_.

66 _ka_ = _kaze_.

69 Another pause.

73 Pause.

84 Read this line after 86.

88 Pause, but taken as a sort of pivot, may be connected with _Midzuho no kuni_ in the next line.

90 A god, as god.

93 _ohokimi_ is Jitô.

95 The indirect object of _mawoshi …_ is not expressed, it is Jitô (A.D. 690-6).

98 A quibble is seen by some commentators in _yufu_ (_ifu_).

101 _miko no mikado_, the mortuary chapel of Takechi.

102 _kamu miya_, as a god-shrine.

105 the watchers.

108-9 The _hara_ before the _Kagu yama no miya_ (143).

116 _ohotono_, the _mikado_ already mentioned.

129 _yu_ = _yori_.

130 _hafuri_, officials at funerals and interments; _hafuru_, to conduct obsequies.

132 m. k. of Ki[nohe].

137 pause.

139 _ohokimi_ must be Takechi.

142 _tsukurishi_.

145 would outlast, they think belike.

149 _[kokoro ni] kakete._

150 Read before 148.

The syntax of this lay is not always clear. The _Kogi_ in its explanation does not refer to Jitô, and almost seems to regard the _mawoshi_ of 95 as addressed to Temmu.

For _hisakatano_, _yasumishishi_, _komatsurugi_, _toriganaku_, _chihayaburu_, _fuyukomori_, _tsuyushimono_, _yukatorino_, _yufuhanano_, _shirotaheno_, _akanesasu_, _nubatamano_, _udzuranasu_, _harutorino_, _kotosaheku_, _asamoyoshi_, _tamatasuki_ see List m. k.

MAKI II SHIMO

25

Yuge no miko no sugimaseru toki Okisome no Adzuma-hito ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Yasumishishi 1
waga ohokimi
takahikaru
hi no miko
hisakatano 5
ama tsu miya ni
kamu nagara
kami to imaseba,
soko wo shi mo
aya ni kashikomi 10
hiru ha mo
hi no kotogoto
yoru ha mo
yo no kotogoto
fushi-wi nagekedo 15
aki-taranu ka mo!

ohokimi ha 1
kami nishimaseba
amakumono
iho he ga shita ni
kakuri-tamahinu! 5

4 _iho he_, 500 folds, countless folds or layers; _shita_ = _ura_, within or behind.

For _yasumishishi_, _takahikaru_, _hisakatano_, _amakumono_ see List m. k.

26

Asuka no himemiko no Kinohe no araki no miya no toki Hitomaro ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Tobutorino 1
Asuka no kaha no
kamitsu se ni
iha-hashi watari
shimotsu se ni 5
uchi-hashi watasu
ihahashi ni
ohi-nabikeru
tamamo mo so
tayureba ofuru 10
uchi-hashi ni
ohi-wowoheru
kahamo mo so
karureba hayaru
nani shi ka mo 15
waga ohokimi no
tataseba
tamamo no gotoku
koro-fuseba
kahamo no gotoku 20
nabikahishi
yoroshiki kimi ga
asa miya wo
wasuretamafu ya
yufu miya wo 25
somukitamafu ya
utsusomi to
omohishi toki ni
haru he ha
hana wori-kazashi 30
aki tateba
momiji-ba kazashi
shikitaheno
sode tadzusahari
kagaminasu 35
miredomo akani
mochi-dzuki no
iya medzurashimi
omohoshishi
kimi to tokidoki 40
idemashite
asobitamahishi
mikemukafu
Kinohe no miya wo
toko miya to 45
sadametamahite
ajisahafu
me koto mo tahenu
soko wo shi mo
aya ni kanashimi 50
nuyetori no
katakohishitsutsu
asatorino
kayohasu kimi ga
natsukusano 55
omohishi nayete
yufudzudzuno
ka yuki kaku yuki
ohobuneno
tayutafu mireba 60
nagusamuru
kokoro mo arazu
soko yuwe ni
semusube shirani
oto nomi wo 65
na nomi mo tayezu
ame tsuchi no
iya tohonagaku
shinubi yukamu
mi-na ni kakaseru 70
Asuka-gaha
yorodzu yo made ni
hashikiyoshi
waga ohokimi no
katami ni koko wo. 75

vv. 1-14 compare the Princess with the _mo_ and hint at her death, the water-weeds will be renewed in due course, but she will not come back to life; 15 is best understood by being read in connexion with 24; 16-21 describe the grace of the Princess; 22-26 suggest the fault of the Prince which interrupted the relations of the pair; 27-42 describe the happiness of the pair during the Princess’ life; 43-60 picture the grief of the Prince at her loss, and 61 to end add the reflections of the poet.

The m. k. (1) applies to Asu[ka], of (43) to Ki[nohe], of (47) to _me_ (taken as contraction of _mure_), of (55) to _nayete_.

For _tobutorino_, _utsusomi_, _shikitaheno_, _kagaminasu_, _mikemukafu_, _ajisahafu_, _asatorino_, _natsukusano_, _yufudzudzuno_, _ohobuneno_ see List m. k.

27-28

Hitomaro ga me no mi-makarishi nochi kanashimi yomeru uta futatsu.

Amatobuya 1
Karu no michi ha
wagimoko ga
sato ni shi areba
nemokoro ni 5
mimakuhoshikedo
yamazu yukaba
hito me wo ohomi
maneku yukaba
hito shirinubemi 10
sanekadzura
nochi wo ahamu to
ohobuneno
omohi tanomite
kagirohi no 15
ihakaki fuchi no
komori nomi
kohitsutsu aru ni
wataru hi no
kure yuku ga goto 20
teru tsuki no
kumo kakuru goto
okitsu mo no
nabikishi imo ha
momiji-ba no 25
sugite inishi to
tamadzusano
tsukahi no iheba
adzusa-yumi
oto nomi wo kikite 30
ihamu sube
semusubeshirani
oto nomi wo
kikite ariyeneba
waga kofuru 35
chihe no hitohe mo
nagusamuru
kokoro mo ari ya to
wagimoko ga
yamazu idemishi 40
Karu no ichi ni
waga tachi-kikeba
tamatasuki
Unebi no yama ni
nakutorino 45
kowe mo kikoye
tamahokono
michi yuku hito mo
hitori dani
niteshi yukaneba 50
sube wo nami
imo-gara yobite
sode so furitsutsu.

Akiyama no 1
momiji wo shigemi
madohaseru
imo mo motomemu
yama-ji shirazu mo. 5

Momiji-ba no 1
chirinuru nabe ni
tamadzusano
tsukahi wo mireba
ahishi hi omohoyu. 5

1 _ya_ = _yo_.

3 _waga imoko_.

6 _miru koto wo hoshiku omohedo_.

8 = _hito me ga ohoki_, _wo_ often thus used with forms in _mi_.

9 _tabitabi yukaba_.

13, 14 A word-quibble may, possibly, be intended, _omohi omoki_.

15, 16 These form a sort of m. k. of _komori_.

26 has passed away (died).

36 _chihe no hitohe_, one plait of a thousand plaits (or layers or parts) = one thousandth.

40 _imo ga kimi wo yamazu idemishi_ Kami, &c.

51 _sube wo nami_, cp. 8, _hito me wo ohomi_.

2 (second _hanka_) _nabe_ has force of together with, upon.

For _amatobuya_, _sanekadzura_, _ohobuneno_, _tamadzusano_, _tamatasuki_, _nakutorino_, _tamahokono_ see List m. k.

28

Utsusemi to 1
omohishi toki ni
tadzusahete
aga futari mishi
washiri-de no 5
tsutsumi ni tateru
tsuki no ki no
kochi-gochi no ye no
haru no ha no
shigeki ga gotoku 10
omoherishi
imo ni ha aredo
tanomerishi
kora ni ha aredo
yo no naka wo 15
somukishi yeneba
kagirohino
moyuru ara-nu ni
shirotahe no
amahire kakuri 20
tori zhi mono
asa tachi-i-mashite
irihinasu
kakuri ni shikaba
wagimoko ga 25
katami ni okeru
wakaki ko no
kohi-naku goto ni
tori atafu
mono shi nakereba 30
wotoko mono zhi
waki hasami mochi
wagimoko to
futari aga neshi
makuradzuku 35
tsumaya no uchi ni
hiru ha mo
urasabi kurashi
yoru ha mo
iki-dzuki akashi 40
nagekedomo
semu subeshirami
kofuredomo
afu yoshi wo nami
ohotori no 45
Hakahi no yama ni
aga kofuru
imo ha imasu to
hito no iheba
ihane sakumite 50
nadzumi koshi
yokeku mo so naki
utsusemi to
omohishi imo ga
kagirohino 55
honoka no dani mo
miyenu omoheba.

Kozo miteshi 1
aki no tsukuyo ha
teraseredo
ahimishi imo ha
iya toshi sakaru. 5

Ihe ni kite 1
tsumaya wo mireba
tamatokono
to ni mukahikeri
imo ga ko-makura. 5

vv. 1-11 are introductory to _imo_; 12-16 declare impossibility of escaping the fate of all mankind; 17-20 refer to the funeral of the _imo_; 21-24 to her burial; 25-32 to the father’s endeavour to comfort the child; 33-42 to the desolation of his home; 43 to end to the ascent of the hill of interment in the vain hope of seeing her spirit.

2 _omohishi_, here, as often, is little more than _narishi_.

22 _i-mashite_, _i_ is here merely a prefix.

30 _shi_ is an emphatic particle.

31 _zhi_ = _nasu_ (so in 21).

34 A past of _neru_.

42 A common phrase = _shikata ga nai_.

52 = _yoki, koto naki_.

55 Note the application of the m. k. to _ho_(_noka_). Read the latter verses as _honoka ni sahe mo imo ga miyenu wo omoheba kurushiku hatarakite koshi kahi mo naku yoki koto so naki_.

5 Written wooden (_ko_) pillow--I venture to read it as (_ko_) little pillow.

For _utsusemi_, _kagirohino_, _shirotaheno_, _irihinasu_, _makuradzuku_, _ohotorino_, _tamahokono_ see List m. k.

29

Shinatsu no unebe ga mi-makareru toki Hitomaro ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Akiyama no 1
shitaberu imo
nayotakeno
towoyoru kora ha
ikasama ni 5
omohimase ka
takunahano
nagaki inochi wo
tsuyu koso ha
ashita ni okite 10
yufube ha
kenu to ihe
kiri koso ha
yufube ni tachite
ashita ha 15
usu to ihe
adzusayumi
oto kiku are mo
oho ni mishi
koto kuyashiki wo 20
shikitaheno
ta-makura makite
tsurugitachi
mi ni sohenekemu
wakakusano 25
sono tsuma no ko ha
sabushimi ka
omohite nuramu
kuyashimi ka
omohikofuramu 30
toki narazu
suginishi kora ga
asa tsuyu no goto
yufu giri no goto.

Sasanamino 1
Shigatsu no kora ga
makari nishi
kaha se no michi wo
mireba sabushi mo. 5

vv. 1-6 introduction; 7-16 impermanence of life; 17-20 regret of poet at news of death (hinted at rather than directly stated) of the _uneme_; 21 to end climatic lament over an untimely death.

2 _shitaberu_ = wilt, wither, droop; _akiyama no shitaberu imo_, drooping as the flaccid leafage in autumn on the hills: but see translation.

1, 2 and 3, 4 are parallelisms reminding one of Hebrew and Chinese poetry, there are several other examples in this _uta_.

4 _kora_ seems to be a plural form of honour.

8 The _wo_ at the end, which has a stray look, may be understood here (as often elsewhere in the Anthology) by supplying _omoheba_ or some form of the verb _omofu_. The various _ha_ in this _uta_ exemplify the effect of the particle as suggesting a predicate of the isolated word or expression.

18 The news has come to me who only slightly knew her by sight yet am full of regret.…

22 making mutually pillows of each other’s arms.

26 _tsuma_ = _otto_; _ko_ is honour-title.

31 _toki narazu_, untimely.

1 _Sasanami_ involves the homophonous m. k. _sasanami_.

3 (_hanka_ I) _makari nishi_ = _makari-inishi_, gone away, died.

For _nayotakeno_, _takunahano_, _adzusayumi_, _shikitaheno_, _tsurugitachi_, _wakakusano_ see List m. k.

30

Sanuki no [kuni] ni Samine no shima nite isobe no shinihito wo mite Hitomaro ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Tamamoyoshi 1
Sanuki no kuni ha
kuni kara ka
miredomo akanu
kami kara ka 5
kokoda tafutoki
ame tsuchi
hi tsuki to tomo ni
tari-yukamu
kami no mi omo to 10
ihi tsugeru
Naka no minato yu
fune ukete
aga kogi kureba
tokitsu kaze 15
kumowi ni fuku ni
oki mireba
shiki nami tachi
he mireba
shiranami sawaku 20
isanatori
umi wo kashikomi
yukufune no
kaji hiki orite
wochikochi no 25
shima ha ohokedo
naguhashi
Samine no shima no
ariso mi ni
ihorite mireba 30
nami no ’to no
shigeki hama he wo
shikitaheno
makura ni nashite
aratoko ni 35
korofusu kimi ga
ihe shiraba
yukite mo tsugemu
tsuma shiraba
ki mo tohamashi wo 40
tamahokono
michi dani shirazu
ohohoshiku
machi ka kofuramu
hashiki tsumara ha. 45

Tsuma mo araba 1
tsumite tagemashi
Samine yama
nu no he no uhagi
suginikerazuya! 5

Okitsu nami 1
ki-yoru ariso wo
shikitaheno
makura to makite
naseru kimi kamo! 5

vv. 3, 5 _kara_ must be so read, not _gara_--it is perhaps a form of _nagara_.

9 _tari-yukamu_, be perfect; read this line after next.

11 Read with Naka.

15 lit. time-wind or seasonable or fair wind, but probably also seaward and landward winds more or less accompanying morning and evening tides.

24 _hiki-ori_ = draw-break, i.e. by moving the steering oar right or left break the straight course of the vessel.

30 _ihori_, _iho-wori_.

31 _’to_ for _oto_.

40 may be read as = _kimashi mo taha-mashi_ (_koto wo omohite_).

43 gloomily, wretchedly.

45 Plural of _tsuma_ (used as honour-plural?).

2 _tagemashi_ = _tabe mashi_, goes with _uhagi_.

5 Equivalent to _sugi nikeri_, affirmatively.

5 _naseru_ is read assumptively with _kimi_.

For _tamamoyoshi_, _isanatori_, _shikitaheno_, _tamahokono_ see List m. k.

Nara no miya ni [amenoshita] shiroshimeshishi Sumera mikoto no mi-yo.

31

Riyauki hazhime no toshi ki no to no u nagatsuki Shiki no miko no sugimaseru toki yomeru uta hitotsu.

Adzusayumi 1
te ni tori-mochite
masurawo ga
satsu-ya da-hasami
tachimukafu 5
Takamado yama ni
haru nu yaku
nu hi to miru made
moyuru hi wo
ika ni to to eba 10
tamahokono
michi kuru hito no
naku namida
hisame ni fureba
shirotaheno 15
koromo hidzuchite
tachi-tomari
are ni kataraku
nani shi ka mo
motona iheru 20
kikeba
ne nomi shi nakayu
katareba
kokoro so itami
Sumerogi no 25
kami no miko no
idemashi no
ta-hi no hikari so
kokoda teritaru.

10 _toheba_, subject is _are_ of 18.

18 _kataraku_, subject is _hito_ of 12; so of _katareba_ 23.

20 _iheru_ refers to _toheba_ of 10.

For _adzusayumi_, _tamahokono_, _shirotaheno_ see List m. k.

MAKI III KAMI

Kusagusa no uta.

32

Naga no miko no Kariji nu ni mikari shitamaheru toki Hitomaro ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Yasumishishi 1
waga ohokimi
takahikaru
waga hi no miko no
uma namete 5
mi kari tataseru
wakakomo no
Kariji no wo-nu ni
shishi koso ha
i-hahi worogame 10
udzura koso
i-hahi motohori
shishi zhi mono
i-hahi worogame
udzura nasu 15
i-hahi motohori
kashikomi to
tsukahematsurite
hisakata no
ame miru gotoku 20
masokagami
afugite miredo
haru kusa no
iya medzurashiki
waga ohokimi ka mo. 25

Hisakata no 1
ame yuku tsuki no
tsuna ni sashi
waga ohokimi ha
kinugasa ni seri. 5

7 A m. k. applied to Kari[ji] as = _kari_, mow, reap.

For _yasumishishi_, _takahikaru_, _wakakomono_, _hisakatano_, _masokagami_ see List m. k.

33

Kamo no Kimitari-hito ga Kaguyama no uta hitotsu.

Amoritsuku 1
Ame no kaguyama
kasumitatsu
haru ni itareba
matsu kaze ni 5
ike nami tachite
sakura hana
ko no kure shigemi
okibe ni ha
kamo tsuma yobahi 10
hetsu he ni
aji mura sawaki
momoshiki
ohomiya hito no
makari-dete 15
asobu fune ni ha
kaji sawo mo
nakute sabushi mo
kogu hito nashi ni.

Hito kogazu 1
araku mo shirushi
kadzuki suru
woshi to takabe to
fune no he ni sumu. 5

Itsu ma mo 1
kami sabigeru ka
Kagu yama no
hokosugi nomoto ni
koke musu made ni. 5

11 _he_ seems here to be simply apocopated _uhe_.

2 _araku_ is verbal subst. of _aru_.

For _amoritsuku_, _kasumitatsu_, _momoshiki_ see List m. k.

34

Hitomaro ga Nihitabe no miko ni tatematsureru uta hitotsu.

Yasumishishi 1
waga ohokimi
takahikaru
hi no miko
shikimasu 5
ohotono no he ni
hisakatano
amadzutahikeru
yuki zhi mono
yuki kayohitsutsu 10
iya shiki imase!

Yatsuri yama 1
ko-tachi mo miyezu
furi-midasu
yuki ni sawakite
mawiraku yoshi mo. 5

9 Here _yuki_ is ‘snow,’ as in 4; in 10 it is ‘go, come.’

For _yasumishishi_, _takahikaru_, _hisakatano_ see List m. k.

35

Yayohi bakari Yoshinu no totsu-miya ni idemaseru toki naka no mono-mawosu tsukasa Ohotomo no mahetsukimi (Ohotomo no kiyau) mikotonori wo uketamaharite yomitamaheru uta hitotsu.

Mi Yoshinu no 1
Yoshinu no miya ha
yama kara shi
tafutoku arashi
kaha kara shi 5
sayakeku arashi
ame tsuchi to
nagaku hisashiku
yorodzu yo ni
kaharadzu aramu 10
idemashi no miya!

Mukashi mishi 1
Kisa no wo-gaha wo
ima mireba
iyo-iyo sayakeku
nari nikeru ka mo! 5

5 _kara_, cp. _nagara_; also _kare_, reason, cause.

6 _arashi_ = _arurashi_.

36

Yamabe no Sukune Akahito ga Fujinoyama wo mite [yomeru] uta hitotsu.

Ame tsuchi no 1
wakareshi toki yu
kamusabite
takaku tafutoki
Suruga naru 5
Fugi no takane wo
ama no hara
furisake mireba
wataru hi no
kage mo kakurohi 10
teru tsuki no
hikari mo miyezu
shirakumo mo
i-yuki habakari
tokizhiku 15
yuki ha furikeru
katari-tsugi
ihi-tsugi yukamu
Fuji no takane ha!

Tago no ura yu 1
uchi-dete mireba
ma-shiroku so
Fuji no takane ni
yuki ha furikeru! 5

37

Fuji no yama wo yomeru uta hitotsu.

Namayomino 1
Kahi no kuni
uchi-yosuru
Suruga no kuni to
kochigochi ni 5
kuni no mi naka yu
ide-tateru
Fuji no takane ha
amakumono
i-yuki habakari 10
tobutori mo
tobi mo nobarazu
moyuru hi wo
yuki mochi-kechi
furu yuki wo 15
hi mochi-kechitsutsu
ihi mo kane
nadzuke mo shirani
kusushiku mo
imasu kami ka mo 20
Se no umi to
nadzukete aru mo
sono yama no
tsutsumeru umi so
Fuji kaha to 25
hito no wataru mo
sono yama no
midzu no tagichi so
Hinomoto no
Yamato no kuni no 30
shidzume to mo
imasu kami ka mo
takara to mo
nareru yama ka mo
Suruga naru 35
Fuji no takane ha
miredo akanu ka mo.

Fuji no ne ni 1
furi-okeru yuki ha
minadzuki no
mochi ni kenureba
sono yo furikeri. 5

18 lit. one can give no adequate name to Fuji.

21 Read with 24.

For _namayomino_, _amakumono_ see List m. k.

38

Akahito ga Iyo no yu ni yukite yomeru uta hitotsu.

Sumerogi no 1
Kami no mikoto no
shikimasu
kuni no kotogoto
yu ha shi mo 5
saha ni aredomo
shima yama no
yoroshiki kuni to
kogoshi ka mo
Iyo no takane no 10
Izaniha no
woka ni tatashite
uta omohi
koto omohashishi
mi yu no he no 15
ko-mura wo mireba
Omi no ki mo
ohi-tsugi ni keri
naku tori no
kowe mo kaharazu 20
tohoki yo ni
kamusabi yukamu
idemashi tokoro.

1-14 refer to _Uhe no miya_ (Shôtoku Taishi).

4 All the provinces or lands.

9 _kogoshi_ applies to _Iyo no takane_.

39

Kamiwoka ni noborite Akahito ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Mimoro no 1
Kaminabi yama ni
iho ye sashi
shizhi ni ohitaru
tsuganokino 5
iya tsugitsugi ni
tamakadzura
tayuru koto naku
aritsutsu mo
yamazu kayohamu 10
Asuka no
furuki miyako ha
yama takami
kaha tohoshiroshi
haru no hi ha 15
yama shi migahoshi
aki no yo ha
kaha shi sayakeshi
asa-kumo ni
tadzu ha midare 20
yufu-giri ni
kahadzu ha sawaku
miru goto ni
ne nomi shi nakayu
inishihe omoheba. 25

Asuka-gaha 1
kaha yodo sarazu
tatsukirino
omohi-sugubeki
kohi ni aranaku ni. 5

1-10 are introductory to _Asuka no furuki miyako_.

13-22 describe the _miyako_.

23-25 express the poet’s regret.

1-3 are introductory to 4.

5 lit. there is no _kohi_ (affection) from which may be chased thoughts (of the past).

For _tsuganokino_, _tamakadzura_, _tatsukirino_ see List m. k.

MAKI III, NAKA

40

Tsunuga no tsu nite fune ni noreru toki Kasa no Asomi Kanamura ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Koshi no umi no 1
Tsunuga no hama yu
ohobune ni
ma kaji nuki-oroshi
isanatori 5
umiji ni idete
abekitsutsu
waga kogi-yukeba
masurawono
Tayuhi ga ura ni 10
ama wotome
shiho yaku keburi
kusamakura
tabi nishi areba
hitori shite 15
miru shiru shi nami
watatsumi no
te ni makashitaru
tamatasuki
kakete shinubitsu 20
Yamato shima-ne wo.

12 After _keburi_ supply _areba_.

16 _nami_ is _nashi_, not--_miru_-(_koto_) _shiru_ (_koto_) _shi nashi_. Another reading, however, is possible.

17-19 are introductory to _kakete_ (20), as the arm-bands are set to the arms of the sea-god (or arm-bands to those who serve the god?), to my heart is set regret for Yamato. The m. k. (9) applies to Ta(yuhi); 17, 18 are epithetical of _tama_, part of the m. k. _tamatasuki_ applied to _kakete_ (20).

21 _shimane_ is a designation of Yamato.

For _isanatori_, _masurawono_, _kusamakura_, and _tamatasuki_ see List m. k.

41

Akahito ga Kasuga nu ni noborite yomeru uta hitotsu.

Haruhiwo 1
Kasuka no yama no
takakurano
Mikasa no yama ni
asa sarazu 5
kumowi tanabiku
kaho tori no
ma naku shiba naku
kumowinasu
kokoro isayohi 10
sono tori no
kata-kohi nomi ni
hiru ha mo
hi no kotogoto
yoru ha mo 15
yo no kotogoto
tachite wite
omohi so aga suru
ahanu ko yuwe ni.

1 See N. i. 402, the second lay. Perhaps _wo_ should be, as there, _no_.

5 not missing a morning.

17 standing or lying down, i.e. continually. The m. k. (3) applies to Mi[kasa] taken as _mi_, person.

For _haruhiwo_, _takakurano_, _kumowinasu_ see List m. k.

42

Ohotomo no Sakanohe no Iratsume ga kami matsuri no uta hitotsu.

Hisakatano 1
ama no hara yori
are koshi
kami no mikoto
okuyama no 5
sakaki no yeda ni
shiraga tsuku
yufu tori-tsukete
ihahi-he wo
ihahi hori suwe 10
takatama wo
shizhi ni nukitari
shishi zhi mono
hiza ori-fuse
tawayame no 15
osuhi tori-kake
kaku dani mo
are ha kohinamu
kimi ni ahanu ka mo.

3 _are_, _arahare_, _koshi_ past of _ki_(_kuru_).

6 Cleyera japonica.

7 _shiraga_ (_shirage_) might mean white, or pure tresses.

18 _are_, _ware_.

For _hisakata_ see List m. k.

43

Tsukubane ni noborite Tajihi no Mabito Kunihito ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Tori ga naku 1
Adzuma no kuni ni
takayama ha
saha ni aredomo
Futakami no 5
tafutoki yama no
nami-tachi no
migahoshi yama to
kami-yo yori
hito no ihi-tsugi 10
kuni-mi suru
Tsukuba no yama wo
fuyukomori
haru sari-kuredo
shira-yuki no 15
tokizhiku toki to
mizute yukaba
mashite kohishimi
yuki-ke suru
yama michi sura wo 20
nadzumi are koshi.

1-11 are introductory to 12, after _wo_ supply _omohite_ or _omoheba_.

7 double-peaked.

14, 15 are interpolations of Keichiu.

16 Explained by Kogi as = _toki naranu toki tote_--the snow is lasting later than usual down to the second month where the ascent is made.

For _toriganaku_, _fuyukomori_ see List m. k.

44

Tabi no uta hitotsu.

Watatsumi ha 1
ayashiki mono ka
Ahaji shima
naka ni tate-okite
shiranami no 5
Iyo ni motohoshi
wimachitsuki
Akashi no to yu ha
yufu sareba
shiho ni mitashime 10
ake sareba
shiho wo hishimu
shiwo sawi no
nami wo kashikomi
Ahaji shima 15
iso-gakuri-wite
itsushika mo
kono yo no akemu
to samorafu ni
i no ne kateneba 20
Tagi no he no
Asanu no kigishi
akenu to shi
tachi-toyomurashi
iza kodomo 25
ahete kogidemu
niha mo shidzukeshi.

Shima-dzutahi 1
Minume no saki wo
kogi-tameba
Yamato kohoshiku
tadzu saha ni naku. 5

7 See notes translation.

13 _shiho-sawi_, _shiho-saki_, flood-tide.

19 _samorafu_ (_saburafu_) here means _haberu_.

22 _kigishi [ha yo] akenu_ (past of _akuru_).

4 _kohoshiku_, _kohishiku_.

5 _saha ni_, in flocks or flights, numerous.

For _wimachitsuki_ see List m. k.

MAKI III, SHIMO

Kanashimi uta.

45

Ihata no Ohokimi usetamaheru toki Nifu no Ohokimi no yomitamaheru uta hitotsu.

Nayutakeno 1
towoyoru miko
sanidzurafu
waga ohokimi ha
komorikuno 5
Hatsuse no yama ni
kamusabite
itsuki imasu to
tamadzusano
hito so ihitsuru 10
oyodzure ka
waga kikitsuru
tahagoto ka
waga kikitsuru mo
ame tsuchi ni 15
kuyashiki koto no
yo no naka no
kuyashiki koto ha
amakumono
sokuhe no kihami 20
ame tsuchi no
itareru made ni
tsuwe tsuki mo
tsukazu mo yukite
yufuke tohi 25
ishi-ura mochite
waga yado ni
mi moro wo tatete
makura he ni
ihahihe wo suwe 30
takatama wo
shizhi ni nukitari
yufu tasuki
kahina ni kakete
ame naru 35
Sasara no wo-nu no
ihahi suge
te ni tori-mochite
hisakatano
ame no kahara ni 40
ide-tatete
misogite mashi wo
Takayama no
ihaho no uhe ni
imasetsuru ka mo! 45

Oyodzure no 1
tahagoto to ka mo
Takayama no
Ihaho no uhe ni
kimi ga koyaseru. 5

Isonokami 1
Furu no yama naru
sugimura no
omohi sugubeku
kimi ni aranaku ni. 5

1 _oyodzure_ and _tahagoto_ seem nearly synonymous, the former rather ‘false’, the latter ‘vain’ news.

For _nayutakeno_, _sanidzurafu_, _komorikuno_, _tamadzusano_, _amakumono_, _hisakatano_, _Isonokami_ see List m. k.

46

Oyazhi [Ihata no Ohokimi use-tamaheru] toki Yamakuma no Ohokimi kanashimi yomimaseru uta hitotsu.

Tsunusahafu 1
Ihare no michi wo
asa sarazu
yukikemu hito no
omohitsutsu 5
kayohikemaku ha
hototogisu
ki naku sa-tsuki ha
ayame-gusa
hana tachibana wo 10
tama ni nuki
kadzura ni semu to
naga tsuki no
shigure no toki ha
momichi ba wo 15
ori-kazasamu to
hafukudzuno
iya toho-nagaku
yorodzu yo ni
tayezhi to omohite 20
kayohikemu
kimi wo asu yo ha
yoso ni ka mo mimu.

[In _dai_] _oyazhi_ = _onazhi_.

4 _hito_ is Ihata.

6 The subject is the poet.

For _tsunusahafu_ (m. k. of _iha_ in Ihare) _hafukudzuno_ see List m. k.

47

Katsushika no Mama wotome ga haka wo tohoreru toki Akahito ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Inishihe ni 1
arikemu hito no
shidzuhata no
obi toki-kahete
fuseya tate 5
tsuma-dohi shikemu
katsushika no
Mama no tekona ga
okutsuki wo
koko to ha kikedo 10
maki no ha ya
shigemitaruramu
matsuganeno
tohoku hisashiki
koto nomi mo 15
na nomi mo ware ha
wasuraye naku ni.

Katsushika no 1
Mama no iriye ni
uchi nabiku
tamamo karikemu
tekona shi omohoyu. 5

2 _hito_ = a suitor.

5 The translation is based on the Kogi explanation.

For _matsuganeno_ see List m. k.

48

Temuhiyau (Tempyô) hazhime no toshi tsuchi no to mi Tsu no kuni no Agachi-da no Fumihito Hasetsukabe no Tatsumaro ga wanakishi toki matsurigoto hito (Hanguwan) Ohotomo no Sukune Minaka ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Amakumono 1
muka-fusu kuni no
masurawo to
ihayeshi hito ha
Sumerogi no 5
kami no mikado ni
to no he ni
tachi-samorahi
uchi no he ni
tsukahe matsuri 10
tamakadzura
iya toho-nagaku
oya no na mo
tsugi-yuku mono to
omo chichi ni 15
tsuma ni kodomo ni
katarahite
tachi nishi hi yori
tarachineno
haha no mikoto ha 20
ihahi-he wo
mahe ni suwe-okite
hito te ni ha
yufu tori-mochi
hito te ni ha 25
nikitahe matsuri
tahirakeku
masakiku mase to
ame tsuchi no
kami ni kohi nomi 30
ikani aramu
toshi tsuki hi ni ka
tsutsuzhihana
nihoheru kimi ga
nihodorino 35
nadzusahi komu to
tachite wite
machikemu hito ha
ohokimino
mikoto kashikomi 40
oshiteru
Naniha no kuni ni
aratamano
toshi furu made ni
shirotahe no 45
koromode hosazu
asa yohi ni
aritsuru kimi ha
ikasama ni
omohi-mase ka 50
utsusemino
woshiki kono yo wo
tsuyushimono
okite inikemu
toki-narazu shite! 55

Kinofu koso 1
kimi ha arishi ka
omohanu ni
hama-matsu no he no
kumo ni tanabiku. 5

4 _hito_ = Tatsumaro.

7 _to_, _soto_.

28 _mase_, _koso mase_.

38 _hito_, household of Tatsumaro.

48 _aritsuru_, goes on or went on being.

50 = _omohimaseba_.

51 m. k. of _yo_.

52 m. k. of _okite_.

For _amakumono_, _tamakadzura_, _tarachineno_, _tsutsuzhihana_, _nihodorino_, _ohokimino_, _oshiteru_, _aratamano_, _shirotaheno_, _tsuyushimono_ see List m. k.

49

[Temuhiyau (Tempyô)] nana tose to ifu toshi kinoto no wi Ohotomo no Sakanohe no Iratsume ga ama no Riguwamu (Rigwan) no mi-makareru wo kanashimi yomeru uta hitotsu.

Takutsunu no 1
Shiraki no kuni yu
hito goto wo
yoshi to kikashite
tohi-sakuru 5
ugara haragara
naki kuni ni
watari-kimashite
ohokimi no
shikimasu kuni ni 10
uchihisasu
Miyako shimimi ni
sato ihe ha
saha ni aredomo
ikasama ni 15
omohikeme ka mo
tsure mo naki
Saho no yama he ni
nakukonasu
shitahi kimashite 20
shikitaheno
ihe wo mo tsukuri
aratamano
toshi no wo nagaku
sumahitsutsu 25
imashishi mono wo
umarureba
shinu chifu koto ni
nogaroyenu
mono ni shi areba 30
tanomarishi
hito no kotogoto
kusamakura
tabi naru hodoni
Saho kaha wo 35
asa kaha watari
Kasuga nu wo
so-gahi ni mitsutsu
ashihikino
yamabe wo sashite 40
kura-yami to
kakuri mashinure
ihamu sube
semusubeshirani
tamotohori 45
tada hitori shite
shirotaheno
koromo-de hosazu
nagekitsutsu
aga naku namida 50
Arima yama
kumo wi tanabiku
ame ni furiki ya!

5 Converse, utter, talk with.

8 The subject is Rigwan, also of verbs in 25, 26.

26 After _mono_ supply _omohite_ or _omoheba_.

34 _hodoni_ = whilst.

36 sqq. The subject of the verbs is the party of mourners who accompany the corpse of Rigwan.

44 Subject of _tamotohori_ (go up and down, to and fro) is Sakanohe.

For _takutsunu_, _uchihisasu_, _nakukonasu_, _shikitaheno_, _aratamano_, _kusamakura_, _ashihikino_ see List m. k.

50

Mata Yakamochi ga yomeru uta hitotsu mata mizhika uta.

Waga yado ni 1
hana so sakitaru
so wo miredo
kokoro mo yukazu
hashikiyashi 5
imo ga ariseba
mikamonasu
futari narabi-wi
taworite mo
misemashi mono wo 10
utsusemino
kareru mi nareba
tsuyushimono
kesuru ga gotoku
ashihikino 15
yamaji wo sashite
irihinasu
kakuri ni shikaba
soko ’mofu ni
mune koso itame 20
ihi mo kane
nadzuke mo shirani
atomonaki
yo no naka nareba
semu sube mo nashi. 25

Toki ha shimo 1
itsu mo aramu wo
kokoro itaku
i-yuku wagimo ka
wakaki ko wo ’kite. 5

Ide-yukasu 1
michi shiramaseba
arakazhime
imo wo todomemu
seki wo okamashi wo. 5

Imo ga mishi 1
yado ni hana saku
toki ha henu
aga naku namida
imada hi naku ni. 5

3 _so_ = _sore_.

10 Supply _omohite_ (_oheba_).

4 _i_ is prefix.

5 _’kite_ = _okite_.

1 Read _mishi_ with _hana_.

For _mikamonasu_, _utsusemino_, _tsuyushimono_, _ashihikino_, _irihinasu_, _atomonaki_ see List m. k.

51-52

(Oyazhi) to tose amari mu tose to ifu toshi kinoye saru kisaragi Asaka no miko no sugitamaheru toki uchi-toneri Ohotomo no Sukune Yakamochi yomeru uta mutsu.

Kakemaku mo
aya ni kashikoshi
ihamaku mo
yuyushiki ka mo
waga ohokimi 5
miko no mikoto
yorodzu yo ni
woshi-tamahamashi
Oho-Yamato
Kuni no miyako ha 10
uchinabiku
haru sarinareba
yama he ni ha
hana-saki wowori
kaha se ni ha 15
ayu-ko sa-hashiri
iya hi ke ni
sakayuru toki ni
oyodzure no
tawagoto to ka mo 20
shirotahe ni
toneri yosohite
Wadzuka yama
mi koshi tatashite
hisakatano 25
ame shirashinure
koi-marobi
hidzuchi nakedomo
semu sube mo nashi.

Waga ohokimi 1
ame shirasamu to
omohaneba
oho ni so mikeru
Wadzuka soma yama. 5

Ashihikino 1
yama sahe hikari
saku hana no
chirinuru gotoki
waga ohokimi ka mo. 5

24 _koshi_, coffin.

For _uchinabiku_, _hisakatano_, _ashihikino_ see List m. k.

52

Kakemaku mo 1
aya ni kashikoshi
waga ohokimi
miko no mikoto
mononofuno 5
yaso tomo no wo wo
meshitsudohe
adomohi-tamahi
asa-kari ni
shishi fumi-okoshi 10
yufu-kari ni
tori fumi-tate
oho mi ma no
kuchi osahe-tome
mi kokoro wo 15
meshi akirameshi
Ikuji yama
ko-dachi no shizhi ni
saku hana mo
utsurohi ni keri 20
yo no naka ha
kaku nomi narashi
masurawono
kokoro furi-okoshi
tsurugitachi 25
koshi ni tori-haki
adzusayumi
yuki tori-ohite
ame tsuchi to
iya tohonaga ni 30
yorodzu yo ni
kaku shi mo ka mo to
tanomerishi
Miko no Mikado no
sabahenasu 35
sawaku toneri ha
shirotahe ni
koromo tori-kite
tsune narishi
wemahi furumahi 40
iya hi ke ni
kaharafu mireba
kanashiki ro ka mo.

For _mononofuno_, _masurawono_, _tsurugitachi_, _sabahenasu_, _shirotaheni_ (equiv. _shirotaheno_) see List m. k.

53

Usetaru me wo kanashimi Takahashi no Asomi ga yomeru uta hitotsu.

Shirotaheno 1
sode sashi-kahete
nabiki-neshi
waga kurokami no
ma-shiraga ni 5
kaharamu kihami
arata yo ni
tomo ni aramu to
tamanowono
tayezhi i-imo to 10
musubiteshi
koto ha hatasazu
omoherishi
kokoro ha togedzu
shirotaheno 15
tamoto wo wakare
nikibi ni shi
ihe yu mo idete
midori-ko no
naku wo mo okite 20
asa-kiri no
oho ni naritsutsu
Yamashiro no
Sagaraka yama no
yama no ma yu 25
yuki-suginureba
ihamu sube
semusubeshirani
wagimoko to
sa-neshi tsuma-ya ni 30
asa niha ni
ide-tachi shinubi
yufube ni ha
iri-wi nagekahi
waki-hasamu 35
ko no naku goto ni
wotoko-zhi mono
ohi-mi udaki-mi
asatorino
ne nomi naki-tsutsu 40
kofuredomo
shirushi wo nami to
koto tohanu
mono ni ha aredo
wagimoko ga 45
iri ni shi yama wo
yosuka to so ’mofu.

47 _yosuka_ is better than _yosuga_.

For _shirotaheno_, _tamanowono_ see List m. k.

MAKI IV, KAMI

Shitashimi uta.

54

Wokamoto no Sumera mikoto no mi-yomimaseru [ohomi] uta hitotsu.

Kami-yo yori 1
are tsugitareba
hito saha ni
kuni ni ha michite
ajimurano 5
sawaki ha yukedo
aga kofuru
kimi nishi araneba
hiru ha
hi no kururu made 10
yoru ha
yo no akuru kihami
omohitsutsu
ine kate ni nomi
akashitsuraku mo 15
nagaki kono yo wo

Yama no ha ni 1
ajimura sawaki
yuku naredo
are ha sabushi we
kimi ni shi araneba. 5

Afumi-ji no 1
Toko no yama naru
Isaya kaha
ke no kono goro ha
kohitsutsu mo aramu. 5

2 _are_ = _arahare_.

15 _akashitsuru_.

4 _we_, an exclamation of pain or regret.

For _ajimurano_ see List m. k.

55

Tajihi no Mabito Kasamaro ga Tsukushi no kuni ni kudaru toki yomeru uta hitotsu.

Omi no me no 1
kushige ni itsuku
kagaminasu
Mitsu no hamabe ni
sanidzurafu 5
himo toki-sakezu
wagimoko ni
kohitsutsu woreba
ake-gure no
asa-kiri kakuri 10
nakutadzuno
ne nomi shi nakayu
aga kofuru
chihe no hitohe mo
nagusamuru 15
kohoro mo are ya to
ihe no atari
aga tachi-mireba
awohatano
Kadzura-ki yama ni 20
tanabikeru
shira-kumo kakuri
amazakaru
hina no kuni-he ni
tada-mukafu 25
Ahaji wo sugi
Ahashima wo
sogahi ni mitsutsu
asa nagi ni
kako no kowe yobi 30
yufu nagi ni
kaji no ’to shitsutsu
nami no he wo
i-yuki sa-gukumi
iha no ma wo 35
i-yuki motohori
Inabitsuma
ura mi wo sugite
tori zhi mono
nadzusahi yukeba 40
Ihe no shima
ariso no uhe ni
uchi-nabiki
shizhi ni ohitaru
nanori-so no 45
nado ka mo imo ni
norazu ki ni kemu.

Shirotahe no 1
sode toki-kahete
kaheri-komu
tsuki hi wo yomite
yukite komashi wo. 5

1-3 are introductory to _mi_ (Mitsu).

45 _nanori-so_ involves a word-play with _norazu_ (47).

For _kagaminasu_, _sanidzurafu_, _nakutadzuno_, _awohatano_, _amazakaru_, _shirotahe_ see List m. k.

56

Aki no Obokimi no uta hitotsu.

Toho-dzuma no 1
koko ni araneba
tamahokono
michi wo tadohomi
omofu sora 5
yasukaranaku ni
nageku sora
yasukaranu mono wo
mi-sora yuku
kumo ni mo ga mo 10
takatobu
tori ni mo ga mo
asu yukite
imo ni kototohi
aga tame ni 15
imo mo kotonaku
imo ga tame
are mo kotonaku
ima mo mishi goto
taguhite mo ga mo. 20

5-7 _sora_, metaphorical for state, condition.

9 _sora_, atmosphere, what exists between heaven and earth.

19 _ima_ = _tadaima_ (nuper).

20 _mo ga mo_ = _mo gana_?

For _tamahokono_ see List m. k.