Chapter XI

1814–1815

The Congress of Vienna—Monarchs and Diplomatists
present—History of the Congress—Treaty between France,
Austria, and England—The Questions of Saxony and
Poland—The German Confederation—Disposition of the
provinces on the left bank of the Rhine—Mayence and
Luxembourg—Reconstitution of Switzerland—Rearrangements
in Italy—Questions of Murat, Genoa, and the Empress Marie
Louise—Sweden—Denmark—Spain—Portugal—England’s share
of the spoil—The Questions of the Slave Trade and the
Navigation of Rivers—Close of the Congress—Preparations
against Napoleon—The first reign of Louis XVIII. in
France—Napoleon’s return from Elba—The Hundred Days—The
Campaign of Waterloo—Occupation of Paris—Second Treaty of
Paris—Napoleon sent to St. Helena—The Holy Alliance—Return
of Louis XVIII.—Government of the Second Restoration—The
Chambre Introuvable—Reaction in Spain and Naples—Territorial
Results of the Congress of Vienna—The Principle of
Nationality—Permanent Results of the French Revolution
in Europe—The Problem of harmonising the Principles of
Individual and Political Liberty with that of Nationality, 336

APPENDICES

APPENDIX I. The Rulers and Ministers of the Great Powers of
Europe, 1789–1815, 364

APPENDIX II. The Rulers of the Second-rate Powers of Europe,
1789–1815, 366

APPENDIX III. The Family of Napoleon, 368

APPENDIX IV. Napoleon’s Marshals, 370

APPENDIX V. Napoleon’s Ministers during the Consulate and
Empire, 1799–1814, 372

APPENDIX VI. Concordance of the Republican and Gregorian
Calendars, 374

INDEX, 377

MAPS

Europe in 1789.}
Europe in 1802.} _At end of book._
Europe in 1810.}
Europe in 1815.}