Chapter VII

1799–1804

Constitution of the Year VIII.—The Consulate—The Council of
State—The Tribunate—The Legislative Body—The Senate—Internal
Policy of the Consulate—General Reconciliation—The
Code Civil—Ministers of the Consulate—Foreign Policy
of the Consulate—Russia—Prussia—The Pope—Campaign of
Marengo—Campaign of Hohenlinden—Winter Campaign of Moreau
and Macdonald—The Treaty of Lunéville—Arrangements in
Italy—Policy and Murder of the Emperor Paul of Russia—The
Neutral League of the North—Battle of Copenhagen—War
between Spain and Portugal—Treaty of Badajoz—Campaign
of 1801 in Egypt—Peace of Amiens between England and
France—Reconstitution of Germany—Secularisation of
the German ecclesiastical dominions—Reconstitution of
Switzerland—Concordat between the Pope and Bonaparte—Internal
Organisation of France under the Consulate—The new
Departments—Annexation of Piedmont—The Préfectures—System of
National Education—Constitutional Changes in France—Bonaparte
First Consul for life—Recommencement of War between
England and France—Causes—Position of Affairs on the
Continent—Plot of Pichegru and Cadoudal—Execution of the Duc
d’Enghien—Bonaparte becomes Emperor of the French—Francis II.
resigns the title of Holy Roman Emperor for that of Emperor
of Austria, 212