Chapter II: Front Matter (2)

2. Hence, of quick intellectual perceptions; of keen penetration and judgment; discerning and judicious; knowing; far-sighted; shrewd; sage; wise; as, a sagacious man; a sagacious remark.

Instinct . . . makes them, many times, sagacious above our
apprehension.

Dr. H. More.

Only sagacious heads light on these observations, and reduce them
into general propositions.

Locke.

Syn. -- See Shrewd.

-- Sa*ga"cious*ly, adv. -- Sa*ga"cious*ness, n.

Sa*gac"i*ty (?), n. [L. sagacitas. See Sagacious.] The quality of being sagacious; quickness or acuteness of sense perceptions; keenness of discernment or penetration with soundness of judgment; shrewdness.

Some [brutes] show that nice sagacity of smell.

Cowper.

Natural sagacity improved by generous education.

V. Knox.

Syn. -- Penetration; shrewdness; judiciousness. -- Sagacity, Penetration. Penetration enables us to enter into the depths of an abstruse subject, to detect motives, plans, etc. Sagacity adds to penetration a keen, practical judgment, which enables one to guard against the designs of others, and to turn everything to the best possible advantage.

Sag"a*more (?), n. 1. [Cf. Sachem.] The head of a tribe among the American Indians; a chief; -- generally used as synonymous with sachem, but some writters distinguished between them, making the sachem a chief of the first rank, and a sagamore one of the second rank. "Be it sagamore, sachem, or powwow." Longfellow.

2. A juice used in medicine. [Obs.] Johnson.

Sag"a*pen (?), n. Sagapenum.

||Sag`a*pe"num (?), n. [L. sagapenon, sacopenium, Gr. &?;: cf. F. ||sagapin, gomme sagapin, sagapénum, Ar. sikbnaj, Per. sakbnah, ||sikbnah.] (Med.) A fetid gum resin obtained from a species of Ferula. ||It has been used in hysteria, etc., but is now seldom met with. U. S. ||Disp.

Sag"a*thy (?), n. [F. sagatis: cf. Sp. sagatí, saetí.] A mixed woven fabric of silk and cotton, or silk and wool; sayette; also, a light woolen fabric.

Sage (?), n. [OE. sauge, F. sauge, L. salvia, from salvus saved, in allusion to its reputed healing virtues. See Safe.] (Bot.) (a) A suffruticose labiate plant (Salvia officinalis) with grayish green foliage, much used in flavoring meats, etc. The name is often extended to the whole genus, of which many species are cultivated for ornament, as the scarlet sage, and Mexican red and blue sage. (b) The sagebrush.

Meadow sage (Bot.), a blue-flowered species of Salvia (S. pratensis) growing in meadows in Europe. -- Sage cheese, cheese flavored with sage, and colored green by the juice of leaves of spinach and other plants which are added to the milk. -- Sage cock (Zoöl.), the male of the sage grouse; in a more general sense, the specific name of the sage grouse. -- Sage green, of a dull grayish green color, like the leaves of garden sage. -- Sage grouse (Zoöl.), a very large American grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), native of the dry sagebrush plains of Western North America. Called also cock of the plains. The male is called sage cock, and the female sage hen. -- Sage hare, or Sage rabbit (Zoöl.), a species of hare (Lepus Nuttalli, or artemisia) which inhabits the arid regions of Western North America and lives among sagebrush. By recent writers it is considered to be merely a variety of the common cottontail, or wood rabbit. -- Sage hen (Zoöl.), the female of the sage grouse. -- Sage sparrow (Zoöl.), a small sparrow (Amphispiza Belli, var. Nevadensis) which inhabits the dry plains of the Rocky Mountain region, living among sagebrush. -- Sage thrasher (Zoöl.), a singing bird (Oroscoptes montanus) which inhabits the sagebrush plains of Western North America. -- Sage willow (Bot.), a species of willow (Salix tristis) forming a low bush with nearly sessile grayish green leaves.

Sage (?), a. [Compar. Sager (?); superl. Sagest.] [F., fr. L. sapius (only in nesapius unwise, foolish), fr. sapere to be wise; perhaps akin to E. sap. Cf. Savor, Sapient, Insipid.] 1. Having nice discernment and powers of judging; prudent; grave; sagacious.

All you sage counselors, hence!

Shak.

2. Proceeding from wisdom; well judged; shrewd; well adapted to the purpose.

Commanders, who, cloaking their fear under show of sage advice,
counseled the general to retreat.

Milton.

3. Grave; serious; solemn. [R.] "[Great bards] in sage and solemn tunes have sung." Milton.

Syn. -- Wise; sagacious; sapient; grave; prudent; judicious.

Sage, n. A wise man; a man of gravity and wisdom; especially, a man venerable for years, and of sound judgment and prudence; a grave philosopher.

At his birth a star, Unseen before in heaven, proclaims him come,
And guides the Eastern sages.

Milton.

Sage"brush` (?), n. A low irregular shrub (Artemisia tridentata), of the order Compositæ, covering vast tracts of the dry alkaline regions of the American plains; -- called also sagebush, and wild sage.

Sage"ly, adv. In a sage manner; wisely.

Sa*gene" (?), n. [Russ. sajene.] A Russian measure of length equal to about seven English feet.

Sage"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being sage; wisdom; sagacity; prudence; gravity. Ascham.

Sag"e*nite (?), n. [F. sagénite, fr. L. sagena a large net. See Seine.] (Min.) Acicular rutile occurring in reticulated forms imbedded in quartz.

Sag`e*nit"ic (?), a. (Min.) Resembling sagenite; -- applied to quartz when containing acicular crystals of other minerals, most commonly rutile, also tourmaline, actinolite, and the like.

Sag"ger (?), n. [See Seggar.] 1. A pot or case of fire clay, in which fine stoneware is inclosed while baking in the kiln; a seggar.

2. The clay of which such pots or cases are made.

Sag"ging (?), n. A bending or sinking between the ends of a thing, in consequence of its own, or an imposed, weight; an arching downward in the middle, as of a ship after straining. Cf. Hogging.

Sag"i*nate (?), v. t. [L. saginatus, p. p. of saginare to fat, fr. sagina stuffing.] To make fat; to pamper. [R.] "Many a saginated boar." Cowper.

Sag`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. saginatio.] The act of fattening or pampering. [R.] Topsell.

||Sa*git"ta (?), n. [L., an arrow.] 1. (Astron.) A small constellation ||north of Aquila; the Arrow.

2. (Arch.) The keystone of an arch. [R.] Gwilt.

3. (Geom.) The distance from a point in a curve to the chord; also, the versed sine of an arc; -- so called from its resemblance to an arrow resting on the bow and string. [Obs.]

4. (Anat.) The larger of the two otoliths, or ear bones, found in most fishes.

5. (Zoöl.) A genus of transparent, free-swimming marine worms having lateral and caudal fins, and capable of swimming rapidly. It is the type of the class Chætognatha.

Sag"it*tal (?), a. [L. sagitta an arrow: cf. F. sagittal.] 1. Of or pertaining to an arrow; resembling an arrow; furnished with an arrowlike appendage.

2. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to the sagittal suture; in the region of the sagittal suture; rabdoidal; as, the sagittal furrow, or groove, on the inner surface of the roof of the skull. (b) In the mesial plane; mesial; as, a sagittal section of an animal.

Sagittal suture (Anat.), the suture between the two parietal bones in the top of the skull; -- called also rabdoidal suture, and interparietal suture.

||Sag`it*ta"ri*us (?), n. [L., literally, an archer, fr. sagittarius ||belonging to an arrow, fr. sagitta an arrow.] (Astron.) (a) The ninth ||of the twelve signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters about ||November 22, marked thus [] in almanacs; the Archer. (b) A zodiacal ||constellation, represented on maps and globes as a centaur shooting ||an arrow.

Sag"it*ta"ry (?), n. [See Sagittarius.] 1. (Myth.) A centaur; a fabulous being, half man, half horse, armed with a bow and quiver. Shak.

2. The Arsenal in Venice; -- so called from having a figure of an archer over the door. Shak.

Sag"it*ta*ry, a. [L. sagittarius.] Pertaining to, or resembling, an arrow. Sir T. Browne.

Sag"it*tate (?), a. [NL. sagittatus, fr. L. sagitta an arrow.] Shaped like an arrowhead; triangular, with the two basal angles prolonged downward.

Sag"it*ta`ted (?), a. Sagittal; sagittate.

Sag"it*to*cyst (?), n. [See Sagitta, and Cyst.] (Zoöl.) A defensive cell containing a minute rodlike structure which may be expelled. Such cells are found in certain Turbellaria.

Sa"go (s"g), n. [Malay. sgu.] A dry granulated starch imported from the East Indies, much used for making puddings and as an article of diet for the sick; also, as starch, for stiffening textile fabrics. It is prepared from the stems of several East Indian and Malayan palm trees, but chiefly from the Metroxylon Sagu; also from several cycadaceous plants (Cycas revoluta, Zamia integrifolia, etc.).

Portland sago, a kind of sago prepared from the corms of the cuckoopint (Arum maculatum). -- Sago palm. (Bot.) (a) A palm tree which yields sago. (b) A species of Cycas (Cycas revoluta). -- Sago spleen (Med.), a morbid condition of the spleen, produced by amyloid degeneration of the organ, in which a cross section shows scattered gray translucent bodies looking like grains of sago.

Sa*goin" (?), n. [F. sagouin(formed from the native South American name).] (Zoöl.) A marmoset; -- called also sagouin.

||Sa"gum (?), n.; pl. Saga (#). [L. sagum, sagus; cf. Gr. &?;. Cf. Say ||a kind of serge.] (Rom. Antiq.) The military cloak of the Roman ||soldiers.

||Sa"gus (?), n. [NL. See Sago.] (Bot.) A genus of palms from which ||sago is obtained.

Sa"gy (?), a. Full of sage; seasoned with sage.

||Sa"hib (?), ||Sa"heb (&?;), n. [Ar. çhib master, lord, fem. çhibah.] ||A respectful title or appellation given to Europeans of rank. [India]

||Sa"hi*bah (?), n. [See Sahib.] A lady; mistress. [India]

Sa*hid"ic (?), a. Same as Thebaic.

Sah"lite (?), n. (Min.) See Salite.

||Sa*hui" (?), n. (Zoöl.) A marmoset.

||Sa"i (?), n. [Cf. Pg. sahi.] (Zoöl.) See Capuchin, 3 (a).

||Sai"bling (?), n. [Dial. G.] (Zoöl.) A European mountain trout ||(Salvelinus alpinus); -- called also Bavarian charr.

Sa"ic (?), n. [F. saïque, Turk. shaïka.] (Naut.) A kind of ketch very common in the Levant, which has neither topgallant sail nor mizzen topsail.

Said (?), imp. & p. p. of Say.

Said, a. Before-mentioned; already spoken of or specified; aforesaid; -- used chiefly in legal style.

||Sai"ga (?), n. [Russ. saika.] (Zoöl.) An antelope (Saiga Tartarica) ||native of the plains of Siberia and Eastern Russia. The male has ||erect annulated horns, and tufts of long hair beneath the eyes and ||ears.

Sai"kyr (?), n. (Mil.) Same as Saker. [Obs.]

Sail (?), n. [OE. seil, AS. segel, segl; akin to D. zeil, OHG. segal, G. & Sw. segel, Icel. segl, Dan. seil. √ 153.] 1. An extent of canvas or other fabric by means of which the wind is made serviceable as a power for propelling vessels through the water.

Behoves him now both sail and oar.

Milton.

2. Anything resembling a sail, or regarded as a sail.

3. A wing; a van. [Poetic]

Like an eagle soaring To weather his broad sails.

Spenser.

4. The extended surface of the arm of a windmill.

5. A sailing vessel; a vessel of any kind; a craft.

In this sense, the plural has usually the same form as the singular; as, twenty sail were in sight.

6. A passage by a sailing vessel; a journey or excursion upon the water.

Sails are of two general kinds, fore-and-aft sails, and square sails. Square sails are always bent to yards, with their foot lying across the line of the vessel. Fore-and-aft sails are set upon stays or gaffs with their foot in line with the keel. A fore- and-aft sail is triangular, or quadrilateral with the after leech longer than the fore leech. Square sails are quadrilateral, but not necessarily square. See Phrases under Fore, a., and Square, a.; also, Bark, Brig, Schooner, Ship, Stay.

Sail burton (Naut.), a purchase for hoisting sails aloft for bending. -- Sail fluke (Zoöl.), the whiff. -- Sail hook, a small hook used in making sails, to hold the seams square. -- Sail loft, a loft or room where sails are cut out and made. -- Sail room (Naut.), a room in a vessel where sails are stowed when not in use. -- Sail yard (Naut.), the yard or spar on which a sail is extended. -- Shoulder-of- mutton sail (Naut.), a triangular sail of peculiar form. It is chiefly used to set on a boat's mast. -- To crowd sail. (Naut.) See under Crowd. -- To loose sails (Naut.), to unfurl or spread sails. -- To make sail (Naut.), to extend an additional quantity of sail. -- To set a sail (Naut.), to extend or spread a sail to the wind. -- To set sail (Naut.), to unfurl or spread the sails; hence, to begin a voyage. -- To shorten sail (Naut.), to reduce the extent of sail, or take in a part. -- To strike sail (Naut.), to lower the sails suddenly, as in saluting, or in sudden gusts of wind; hence, to acknowledge inferiority; to abate pretension. -- Under sail, having the sails spread.

Sail (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sailing.] [AS. segelian, seglian. See Sail, n.] 1. To be impelled or driven forward by the action of wind upon sails, as a ship on water; to be impelled on a body of water by the action of steam or other power.

2. To move through or on the water; to swim, as a fish or a water fowl.

3. To be conveyed in a vessel on water; to pass by water; as, they sailed from London to Canton.

4. To set sail; to begin a voyage.

5. To move smoothly through the air; to glide through the air without apparent exertion, as a bird.

As is a winged messenger of heaven, . . . When he bestrides the
lazy pacing clouds, And sails upon the bosom of the air.

Shak.

Sail, v. t. 1. To pass or move upon, as in a ship, by means of sails; hence, to move or journey upon (the water) by means of steam or other force.

A thousand ships were manned to sail the sea.

Dryden.

2. To fly through; to glide or move smoothly through.

Sublime she sails The aërial space, and mounts the wingèd gales.

Pope.

3. To direct or manage the motion of, as a vessel; as, to sail one's own ship. Totten.

Sail"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being sailed over; navigable; as, a sailable river.

Sail"boat`, n. A boat propelled by a sail or sails.

Sail"cloth` (?), n. Duck or canvas used in making sails.

Sail"er (?), n. 1. A sailor. [R.] Sir P. Sidney.

2. A ship or other vessel; -- with qualifying words descriptive of speed or manner of sailing; as, a heavy sailer; a fast sailer.

Sail"fish (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The banner fish, or spikefish (Histiophorus.) (b) The basking, or liver, shark. (c) The quillback.

Sail"ing (?), n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, sails; the motion of a vessel on water, impelled by wind or steam; the act of starting on a voyage.

2. (Naut.) The art of managing a vessel; seamanship; navigation; as, globular sailing; oblique sailing.

For the several methods of sailing, see under Circular, Globular, Oblique, Parallel, etc.

Sailing master (U. S. Navy), formerly, a warrant officer, ranking next below a lieutenant, whose duties were to navigate the vessel; and under the direction of the executive officer, to attend to the stowage of the hold, to the cables, rigging, etc. The grade was merged in that of master in 1862.

Sail"less (?), a. Destitute of sails. Pollok.

Sail"mak`er (?), n. One whose occupation is to make or repair sails. -- Sail"mak`ing, n.

Sail"or (?), n. One who follows the business of navigating ships or other vessels; one who understands the practical management of ships; one of the crew of a vessel; a mariner; a common seaman.

Syn. -- Mariner; seaman; seafarer.

Sailor's choice. (Zoöl.) (a) An excellent marine food fish (Diplodus, or Lagodon, rhomboides) of the Southern United States; -- called also porgy, squirrel fish, yellowtail, and salt- water bream. (b) A species of grunt (Orthopristis, or Pomadasys, chrysopterus), an excellent food fish common on the southern coasts of the United States; -- called also hogfish, and pigfish.

Sail"y (?), a. Like a sail. [R.] Drayton.

Saim (?), n. [OF. sain, LL. saginum, fr. L. sagina a fattening.] Lard; grease. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

||Sai*mir" (?), n. (Zoöl.) The squirrel monkey.

Sain (?), obs. p. p. of Say, for sayen. Said. Shak.

Sain, v. t. [Cf. Saint, Sane.] To sanctify; to bless so as to protect from evil influence. [R.] Sir W. Scott.

Sain"foin (?; 277), n. [F., fr. sain wholesome (L. sanus; see Sane.) + foin hay (L. fænum); or perh. fr. saint sacred (L. sanctus; see Saint) + foin hay.] (Bot.) (a) A leguminous plant (Onobrychis sativa) cultivated for fodder. [Written also saintfoin.] (b) A kind of tick trefoil (Desmodium Canadense). [Canada]

Saint (snt), n. [F., fr. L. sanctus sacred, properly p. p. of sancire to render sacred by a religious act, to appoint as sacred; akin to sacer sacred. Cf. Sacred, Sanctity, Sanctum, Sanctus.] 1. A person sanctified; a holy or godly person; one eminent for piety and virtue; any true Christian, as being redeemed and consecrated to God.

Them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be saints.

1 Cor. i. 2.

2. One of the blessed in heaven.

Then shall thy saints, unmixed, and from the impure Far separate,
circling thy holy mount, Unfeigned hallelujahs to thee sing.

Milton.

3. (Eccl.) One canonized by the church. [Abbrev. St.]

Saint Andrew's cross. (a) A cross shaped like the letter X. See Illust. 4, under Cross. (b) (Bot.) A low North American shrub (Ascyrum Crux-Andreæ, the petals of which have the form of a Saint Andrew's cross. Gray. -- Saint Anthony's cross, a T-shaped cross. See Illust. 6, under Cross. -- Saint Anthony's fire, the erysipelas; -- popularly so called because it was supposed to have been cured by the intercession of Saint Anthony. -- Saint Anthony's nut (Bot.), the groundnut (Bunium flexuosum); -- so called because swine feed on it, and St. Anthony was once a swineherd. Dr. Prior. -- Saint Anthony's turnip (Bot.), the bulbous crowfoot, a favorite food of swine. Dr. Prior. -- Saint Barnaby's thistle (Bot.), a kind of knapweed (Centaurea solstitialis) flowering on St. Barnabas's Day, June 11th. Dr. Prior. -- Saint Bernard (Zoöl.), a breed of large, handsome dogs celebrated for strength and sagacity, formerly bred chiefly at the Hospice of St. Bernard in Switzerland, but now common in Europe and America. There are two races, the smooth-haired and the rough-haired. See Illust. under Dog. -- Saint Catharine's flower (Bot.), the plant love-in-a-mist. See under Love. -- Saint Cuthbert's beads (Paleon.), the fossil joints of crinoid stems. -- Saint Dabeoc's heath (Bot.), a heatherlike plant (Dabœcia polifolia), named from an Irish saint. -- Saint Distaff's Day. See under Distaff. -- Saint Elmo's fire, a luminous, flamelike appearance, sometimes seen in dark, tempestuous nights, at some prominent point on a ship, particularly at the masthead and the yardarms. It has also been observed on land, and is due to the discharge of electricity from elevated or pointed objects. A single flame is called a Helena, or a Corposant; a double, or twin, flame is called a Castor and Pollux, or a double Corposant. It takes its name from St. Elmo, the patron saint of sailors. -- Saint George's cross (Her.), a Greek cross gules upon a field argent, the field being represented by a narrow fimbriation in the ensign, or union jack, of Great Britain. -- Saint George's ensign, a red cross on a white field with a union jack in the upper corner next the mast. It is the distinguishing badge of ships of the royal navy of England; -- called also the white ensign. Brande & C. -- Saint George's flag, a smaller flag resembling the ensign, but without the union jack; used as the sign of the presence and command of an admiral. [Eng.] Brande & C. -- Saint Gobain glass (Chem.), a fine variety of soda-lime plate glass, so called from St. Gobain in France, where it was manufactured. -- Saint Ignatius's bean (Bot.), the seed of a tree of the Philippines (Strychnos Ignatia), of properties similar to the nux vomica. -- Saint James's shell (Zoöl.), a pecten (Vola Jacobæus) worn by pilgrims to the Holy Land. See Illust. under Scallop. -- Saint James's-wort (Bot.), a kind of ragwort (Senecio Jacobæa). -- Saint John's bread. (Bot.) See Carob. -- Saint John's-wort (Bot.), any plant of the genus Hypericum, most species of which have yellow flowers; -- called also John's-wort. -- Saint Leger, the name of a race for three-year-old horses run annually in September at Doncaster, England; -- instituted in 1776 by Col. St. Leger. -- Saint Martin's herb (Bot.), a small tropical American violaceous plant (Sauvagesia erecta). It is very mucilaginous and is used in medicine. -- Saint Martin's summer, a season of mild, damp weather frequently prevailing during late autumn in England and the Mediterranean countries; -- so called from St. Martin's Festival, occurring on November 11. It corresponds to the Indian summer in America. Shak. Whittier. -- Saint Patrick's cross. See Illust. 4, under Cross. -- Saint Patrick's Day, the 17th of March, anniversary of the death (about 466) of St. Patrick, the apostle and patron saint of Ireland. -- Saint Peter's fish. (Zoöl.) See John Dory, under John. -- Saint Peter's-wort (Bot.), a name of several plants, as Hypericum Ascyron, H. quadrangulum, Ascyrum stans, etc. -- Saint Peter's wreath (Bot.), a shrubby kind of Spiræa (S. hypericifolia), having long slender branches covered with clusters of small white blossoms in spring. -- Saint's bell. See Sanctus bell, under Sanctus. -- Saint Vitus's dance (Med.), chorea; -- so called from the supposed cures wrought on intercession to this saint.

Saint (snt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sainted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sainting.] To make a saint of; to enroll among the saints by an offical act, as of the pope; to canonize; to give the title or reputation of a saint to (some one).

A large hospital, erected by a shoemaker who has been beatified,
though never sainted.

Addison.

To saint it, to act as a saint, or with a show of piety.

Whether the charmer sinner it or saint it.

Pope.

Saint, v. i. To act or live as a saint. [R.] Shak.

Saint"dom (-dm), n. The state or character of a saint. [R.] Tennyson.

Saint"ed, a. 1. Consecrated; sacred; holy; pious. "A most sainted king." Shak.

Amongst the enthroned gods on sainted seats.

Milton.

2. Entered into heaven; -- a euphemism for dead.

Saint"ess, n. A female saint. [R.] Bp. Fisher.

Saint"hood (?), n. 1. The state of being a saint; the condition of a saint. Walpole.

2. The order, or united body, of saints; saints, considered collectively.

It was supposed he felt no call to any expedition that might
endanger the reign of the military sainthood.

Sir W. Scott.

Saint"ish, a. Somewhat saintlike; - - used ironically.

Saint"ism (?), n. The character or quality of saints; also, hypocritical pretense of holiness. Wood.

Saint"like` (?), a. Resembling a saint; suiting a saint; becoming a saint; saintly.

Glossed over only with a saintlike show.

Dryden.

Saint"li*ness (?), n. Quality of being saintly.

Saint"ly, a. [Compar. Saintlier (?); superl. Saintliest.] Like a saint; becoming a holy person.

So dear to Heaven is saintly chastity.

Milton.

Saint*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Saint + -logy + -ist.] (Theol.) One who writes the lives of saints. [R.]

Saint"ship, n. The character or qualities of a saint.

Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an (?), n. A follower of the Count de St. Simon, who died in 1825, and who maintained that the principle of property held in common, and the just division of the fruits of common labor among the members of society, are the true remedy for the social evils which exist. Brande & C.

Saint`-Si*mo"ni*an*ism (?), n. The principles, doctrines, or practice of the Saint-Simonians; -- called also Saint- Simonism.

Saith (?), 3d pers. sing. pres. of Say. [Archaic]

Saithe (?), n. [Gael. saoidheam.] (Zoöl.) The pollock, or coalfish; -- called also sillock. [Scot.]

Sai"va (? or ?), n. [Skr. çaiva devoted to Siva.] One of an important religious sect in India which regards Siva with peculiar veneration.

Sai"vism (?), n. The worship of Siva.

Sa*jene" (?), n. Same as Sagene.

Sa"jou (?; F. &?;), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Sapajou.

Sake (sk), n. [OE. sake cause, also, lawsuit, fault, AS. sacu strife, a cause or suit at law; akin to D. zaak cause, thing, affair, G. sache thing, cause in law, OHG. sahha, Icel. sök, Sw. sak, Dan. sag, Goth. sakj strife, AS. sacan to contend, strive, Goth. sakam, Icel. saka to contend, strive, blame, OHG. sahhan, MHG. sachen, to contend, strive, defend one's right, accuse, charge in a lawsuit, and also to E. seek. Cf. Seek.] Final cause; end; purpose of obtaining; cause; motive; reason; interest; concern; account; regard or respect; -- used chiefly in such phrases as, for the sake of, for his sake, for man's sake, for mercy's sake, and the like; as, to commit crime for the sake of gain; to go abroad for the sake of one's health.

Moved with wrath and shame and ladies' sake.

Spenser.

I will not again curse the ground any more for man's sake.

Gen. viii. 21.

Will he draw out, For anger's sake, finite to infinite?

Milton.

Knowledge is for the sake of man, and not man for the sake of
knowledge.

Sir W. Hamilton.

The -s of the possessive case preceding sake is sometimes omitted for euphony; as, for goodness sake. "For conscience sake." 1 Cor. x. 28. The plural sakes is often used with a possessive plural. "For both our sakes." Shak.

Sa"ker (s"kr), n. [F. sacre (cf. It. sagro, Sp. & Pg. sacre), either fr. L. sacer sacred, holy, as a translation of Gr. "ie`rax falcon, from "iero`s holy, or more probably from Ar. çaqr hawk.] [Written also sacar, sacre.] 1. (Zoöl.) (a) A falcon (Falco sacer) native of Southern Europe and Asia, closely resembling the lanner.

The female is called chargh, and the male charghela, or sakeret.

(b) The peregrine falcon. [Prov. Eng.]

2. (Mil.) A small piece of artillery. Wilhelm.

On the bastions were planted culverins and sakers.

Macaulay.

The culverins and sakers showing their deadly muzzles over the
rampart.

Hawthorne.

Sa"ker*et (s"kr*t), n. [F. sacret. See Saker.] (Zoöl.) The male of the saker (a).

Sa"ki (s"k), n. [Cf. F. & Pg. saki; probably from the native name.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of South American monkeys of the genus Pithecia. They have large ears, and a long hairy tail which is not prehensile.

The black saki (Pithecia satanas), the white-headed (P. leucocephala), and the red-backed, or hand-drinking, saki (P. chiropotes), are among the best-known.

Sa"ki (sä"k), n. The alcoholic drink of Japan. It is made from rice.

Sak"ti (?), n. [Skr.] (Hind. Myth.) The divine energy, personified as the wife of a deity (Brahma, Vishnu, Siva, etc.); the female principle.

||Sal (sl), n. [Hind. sl, Skr. çla.] (Bot.) An East Indian timber tree ||(Shorea robusta), much used for building purposes. It is of a light ||brown color, close-grained, heavy, and durable. [Written also saul.]

Sal (sl), n. [L. See Salt.] (Chem. & Pharm.) Salt.

Sal absinthii [NL.] (Old Chem.), an impure potassium carbonate obtained from the ashes of wormwood (Artemisia Absinthium). -- Sal acetosellæ [NL.] (Old Chem.), salt of sorrel. -- Sal alembroth. (Old Chem.) See Alembroth. -- Sal ammoniac (Chem.), ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, a white crystalline volatile substance having a sharp salty taste, obtained from gas works, from nitrogenous matter, etc. It is largely employed as a source of ammonia, as a reagent, and as an expectorant in bronchitis. So called because originally made from the soot from camel's dung at the temple of Jupiter Ammon in Africa. Called also muriate of ammonia. -- Sal catharticus [NL.] (Old Med. Chem.), Epsom salts. -- Sal culinarius [L.] (Old Chem.), common salt, or sodium chloride. -- Sal Cyrenaicus. [NL.] (Old Chem.) See Sal ammoniac above. -- Sal de duobus, Sal duplicatum [NL.] (Old Chem.), potassium sulphate; -- so called because erroneously supposed to be composed of two salts, one acid and one alkaline. -- Sal diureticus [NL.] (Old Med. Chem.), potassium acetate. -- Sal enixum [NL.] (Old Chem.), acid potassium sulphate. -- Sal gemmæ [NL.] (Old Min.), common salt occuring native. -- Sal Jovis [NL.] (Old Chem.), salt tin, or stannic chloride; -- the alchemical name of tin being Jove. -- Sal Martis [NL.] (Old Chem.), green vitriol, or ferrous sulphate; -- the alchemical name of iron being Mars. -- Sal microcosmicum [NL.] (Old Chem.) See Microcosmic salt, under Microcosmic. -- Sal plumbi [NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar of lead. -- Sal prunella. (Old Chem.) See Prunella salt, under 1st Prunella. -- Sal Saturni [NL.] (Old Chem.), sugar of lead, or lead acetate; -- the alchemical name of lead being Saturn. -- Sal sedativus [NL.] (Old Chem.), sedative salt, or boric acid. -- Sal Seignette [F. seignette, sel de seignette] (Chem.), Rochelle salt. -- Sal soda (Chem.), sodium carbonate. See under Sodium. -- Sal vitrioli [NL.] (Old Chem.), white vitriol; zinc sulphate. -- Sal volatile. [NL.] (a) (Chem.) See Sal ammoniac, above. (b) Spirits of ammonia.

||Sa*laam" (s*läm"), n. Same as Salam.

Finally, Josiah might have made his salaam to the exciseman just as
he was folding up that letter.

Prof. Wilson.

Sa*laam", v. i. To make or perform a salam.

I have salaamed and kowtowed to him.

H. James.

Sal`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or condition of being salable; salableness. Duke of Argyll.

Sal"a*ble (?), a. [From Sale.] Capable of being sold; fit to be sold; finding a ready market. -- Sal"a*ble*ness, n. -- Sal"a*bly, adv.

Sa*la"cious (?), n. [L. salax, -acis, fond of leaping, lustful, fr. salire to leap. See Salient.] Having a propensity to venery; lustful; lecherous. Dryden.

-- Sa*la"cious*ly, adv. -- Sa*la"cious*ness, n.

Sa*lac"i*ty (?), n. [L. salacitas: cf. F. salacité] Strong propensity to venery; lust; lecherousness.

Sal"ad (sl"ad), n. [F. salade, OIt. salata, It. insalata, fr. salare to salt, fr. L. sal salt. See Salt, and cf. Slaw.] 1. A preparation of vegetables, as lettuce, celery, water cress, onions, etc., usually dressed with salt, vinegar, oil, and spice, and eaten for giving a relish to other food; as, lettuce salad; tomato salad, etc.

Leaves eaten raw are termed salad.

I. Watts.

2. A dish composed of chopped meat or fish, esp. chicken or lobster, mixed with lettuce or other vegetables, and seasoned with oil, vinegar, mustard, and other condiments; as, chicken salad; lobster salad.

Salad burnet (Bot.), the common burnet (Poterium Sanguisorba), sometimes eaten as a salad in Italy.

Sal"ade (?), n. A helmet. See Sallet.

Sal"ad*ing (?), n. Vegetables for salad.

Sal`æ*ra"tus (?), n. See Saleratus.

Sal"a*gane (?), n. [From the Chinese name.] (Zoöl.) The esculent swallow. See under Esculent.

Sal"al-ber`ry (?), n. [Probably of American Indian origin.] (Bot.) The edible fruit of the Gaultheria Shallon, an ericaceous shrub found from California northwards. The berries are about the size of a common grape and of a dark purple color.

||Sa*lam (s*läm"), n. [Ar. salm peace, safety.] A salutation or ||compliment of ceremony in the east by word or act; an obeisance, ||performed by bowing very low and placing the right palm on the ||forehead. [Written also salaam.]

Sal"a*man`der (?), n. [F. salamandre, L. salamandra, Gr. &?;; cf. Per. samander, samandel.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of Urodela, belonging to Salamandra, Amblystoma, Plethodon, and various allied genera, especially those that are more or less terrestrial in their habits.

The salamanders have, like lizards, an elongated body, four feet, and a long tail, but are destitute of scales. They are true Amphibia, related to the frogs. Formerly, it was a superstition that the salamander could live in fire without harm, and even extinguish it by the natural coldness of its body.

I have maintained that salamander of yours with fire any time this
two and thirty years.

Shak.

Whereas it is commonly said that a salamander extinguisheth fire,
we have found by experience that on hot coals, it dieth
immediately.

Sir T. Browne.

2. (Zoöl.) The pouched gopher (Geomys tuza) of the Southern United States.

3. A culinary utensil of metal with a plate or disk which is heated, and held over pastry, etc., to brown it.

4. A large poker. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

5. (Metal.) Solidified material in a furnace hearth.

Giant salamander. (Zoöl.) See under Giant. -- Salamander's hair or wool (Min.), a species of asbestus or mineral flax. [Obs.] Bacon.

||Sal`a*man*dri"na (?), n.; pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A suborder of Urodela, ||comprising salamanders.

Sal`a*man"drine (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a salamander; enduring fire. Addison.

Sal`a*man"droid (?), a. [Salamander + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the salamanders.

||Sal`a*man*droi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A division of Amphibia ||including the Salamanders and allied groups; the Urodela.

Sal"am*stone` (? or ?), n. (Min.) A kind of blue sapphire brought from Ceylon. Dana.

Sa*lan"ga*na (?), n. The salagane.

Sal"a*ried (?), a. Receiving a salary; paid by a salary; having a salary attached; as, a salaried officer; a salaried office.

Sal"a*ry (?), a. [L. salarius.] Saline [Obs.]

Sal"a*ry (?), n.; pl. Salaries (#). [F. salaire, L. salarium, originally, salt money, the money given to the Roman soldiers for salt, which was a part of their pay, fr. salarius belonging to salt, fr. sal salt. See Salt.] The recompense or consideration paid, or stipulated to be paid, to a person at regular intervals for services; fixed wages, as by the year, quarter, or month; stipend; hire.

This is hire and salary, not revenge.

Shak.

Recompense for services paid at, or reckoned by, short intervals, as a day or week, is usually called wages.

Syn. -- Stipend; pay; wages; hire; allowance.

Sal"a*ry v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salaried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Salarying (?).] To pay, or agree to pay, a salary to; to attach salary to; as, to salary a clerk; to salary a position.

Sale (?), n. See 1st Sallow. [Obs.] Spenser.

Sale, n. [Icel. sala, sal, akin to E. sell. See Sell, v. t.] 1. The act of selling; the transfer of property, or a contract to transfer the ownership of property, from one person to another for a valuable consideration, or for a price in money.

2. Opportunity of selling; demand; market.

They shall have ready sale for them.

Spenser.

3. Public disposal to the highest bidder, or exposure of goods in market; auction. Sir W. Temple.

Bill of sale. See under Bill. -- Of sale, On sale, For sale, to be bought or sold; offered to purchasers; in the market. -- To set to sale, to offer for sale; to put up for purchase; to make merchandise of. [Obs.] Milton.

Sale"a*ble (?), a., Sale"a*bly, adv., etc. See Salable, Salably, etc.

Sal"eb (?), n. (Med.) See Salep.

Sal`e*bros"i*ty (?), n. Roughness or ruggedness. [Obs.] Feltham.

Sal"e*brous (?), a. [L. salebrosus, fr. salebra a rugged road, fr. salire to leap.] Rough; rugged. [Obs.]

Sal"ep (sl"p), n. [Ar. sahleb, perhaps a corruption of an Arabic word for fox, one Ar. name of the orchis signifying literally, fox's testicles: cf. F. salep.] [Written also saleb, salop, and saloop.] The dried tubers of various species of Orchis, and Eulophia. It is used to make a nutritious beverage by treating the powdered preparation with hot water. U. S. Disp.

Sal`e*ra"tus (?), n. [NL. sal aëratus; -- so called because it is a source of fixed air (carbon dioxide). See Sal, and and Aërated.] (Old Chem.) Aërated salt; a white crystalline substance having an alkaline taste and reaction, consisting of sodium bicarbonate (see under Sodium.) It is largely used in cooking, with sour milk (lactic acid) or cream of tartar as a substitute for yeast. It is also an ingredient of most baking powders, and is used in the preparation of effervescing drinks.

Sales"man (slz"man), n.; pl. Salesmen (-men). [Sale + man.] One who sells anything; one whose occupation is to sell goods or merchandise.

Sales"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Saleswomen (&?;). A woman whose occupation is to sell goods or merchandise.

Sale"work` (?), n. Work or things made for sale; hence, work done carelessly or slightingly. Shak.

Sa"lian (?), a. Denoting a tribe of Franks who established themselves early in the fourth century on the river Sala [now Yssel]; Salic. -- n. A Salian Frank.

Sa"li*ant (?), a. (Her.) Same as Salient.

Sal"i*aunce (?), a. [See Sally.] Salience; onslaught. [Obs.] "So fierce saliaunce." Spenser.

Sal"ic (sl"k), a. [F. salique, fr. the Salian Franks, who, in the fifth century, formed a body of laws called in Latin leges Salicæ.] Of or pertaining to the Salian Franks, or to the Salic law so called. [Also salique.]

Salic law. (a) A code of laws formed by the Salian Franks in the fifth century. By one provision of this code women were excluded from the inheritance of landed property. (b) Specifically, in modern times, a law supposed to be a special application of the above-mentioned provision, in accordance with which males alone can inherit the throne. This law has obtained in France, and at times in other countries of Europe, as Spain.

Sal`i*ca"ceous (sl`*k"shs), a. [L. salix, -icis, the willow.] Belonging or relating to the willow.

Sal"i*cin (?), n. [L. salix, - icis, a willow: cf. F. salicine. See Sallow the tree.] (Chem.) A glucoside found in the bark and leaves of several species of willow (Salix) and poplar, and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance.

Sal"i*cyl (?), n. [Salicin + - yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical of salicylic acid and of certain related compounds.

Sal"i*cyl`al (?), n. [Salicylic + aldehide.] (Chem.) A thin, fragrant, colorless oil, HO.C6H4.CHO, found in the flowers of meadow sweet (Spiræa), and also obtained by oxidation of salicin, saligenin, etc. It reddens on exposure. Called also salicylol, salicylic aldehyde, and formerly salicylous, or spiroylous, acid.

Sal"i*cyl`ate (-t), n. (Chem.) A salt of salicylic acid.

Sal`i*cyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid formerly obtained by fusing salicin with potassium hydroxide, and now made in large quantities from phenol (carbolic acid) by the action of carbon dioxide on heated sodium phenolate. It is a white crystalline substance. It is used as an antiseptic, and in its salts in the treatment of rheumatism. Called also hydroxybenzoic acid.

Sal"i*cyl`ide (?), n. [Salicylic + anhydride.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance obtained by dehydration of salicylic acid.

Sal"i*cyl`ite (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of salicylal; -- named after the analogy of a salt.

Sal"i*cyl`ol (?), n. [Salicylic + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) Same as Salicylal.

Sa*lic"y*lous (? or ?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a substance formerly called salicylous acid, and now salicylal. [Obs.]

Sa"li*ence (?), n. [See Salient.] 1. The quality or condition of being salient; a leaping; a springing forward; an assaulting.

2. The quality or state of projecting, or being projected; projection; protrusion. Sir W. Hamilton.

Sa"li*en*cy (?), n. Quality of being salient; hence, vigor. "A fatal lack of poetic saliency." J. Morley.

Sa"li*ent (?), a. [L. saliens, -entis, p. pr. of salire to leap; cf. F. saillant. See Sally, n. & v. i..] 1. Moving by leaps or springs; leaping; bounding; jumping. "Frogs and salient animals." Sir T. Browne.

2. Shooting out or up; springing; projecting.

He had in himself a salient, living spring of generous and manly
action.

Burke.

3. Hence, figuratively, forcing itself on the attention; prominent; conspicuous; noticeable.

He [Grenville] had neither salient traits, nor general
comprehensiveness of mind.

Bancroft.

4. (Math. & Fort.) Projecting outwardly; as, a salient angle; -- opposed to reëntering. See Illust. of Bastion.

5. (Her.) Represented in a leaping position; as, a lion salient.

Salient angle. See Salient, a., 4. -- Salient polygon (Geom.), a polygon all of whose angles are salient. -- Salient polyhedron (Geom.), a polyhedron all of whose solid angles are salient.

Sa"li*ent, a. (Fort.) A salient angle or part; a projection.

Sa"li*ent*ly, adv. In a salient manner.

Sa*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. sal salt + -ferous.] Producing, or impregnated with, salt.

Saliferous rocks (Geol.), the New Red Sandstone system of some geologists; -- so called because, in Europe, this formation contains beds of salt. The saliferous beds of New York State belong largely to the Salina period of the Upper Silurian. See the Chart of Geology.

Sal"i*fi`a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. salifiable. See Salify.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing an acid to form a salt; -- said of bases; thus, ammonia is salifiable.

Sal`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. salification.] (Chem.) The act, process, or result of salifying; the state of being salified.

Sal"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Salifying (?).] [F. salifier; from L. sal salt + -ficare (only in comp.) to make. See -fy.] (Chem.) (a) To combine or impregnate with a salt. (b) To form a salt with; to convert into a salt; as, to salify a base or an acid.

Sa*lig"e*nin (?), n. [Salicin + -gen.] (Chem.) A phenol alcohol obtained, by the decomposition of salicin, as a white crystalline substance; -- called also hydroxy-benzyl alcohol.

Sal"i*got (?), n. [F.] (Bot.) The water chestnut (Trapa natans).

Sal*im"e*ter (?), n. [L. sal salt + -meter.] An instrument for measuring the amount of salt present in any given solution. [Written also salometer.]

Sal*im"e*try (?), n. The art or process of measuring the amount of salt in a substance.

Sa*li"na (?), n. [Cf. L. salinae, pl., salt works, from sal salt. See Saline, a.] 1. A salt marsh, or salt pond, inclosed from the sea.

2. Salt works.

Sa*li"na pe"ri*od (?). [So called from Salina, a town in New York.] (Geol.) The period in which the American Upper Silurian system, containing the brine-producing rocks of central New York, was formed. See the Chart of Geology.

Sal`i*na"tion (?), n. The act of washing with salt water. [R. & Obs.] Greenhill.

Sa"line (? or ?; 277), a. [F. salin, fr. L. sal salt: cf. L. salinae salt works, salinum saltcellar. See Salt.] 1. Consisting of salt, or containing salt; as, saline particles; saline substances; a saline cathartic.

2. Of the quality of salt; salty; as, a saline taste.

Sa"line (? or ?; 277), n. [Cf. F. saline. See Saline, a.] A salt spring; a place where salt water is collected in the earth.

Sal"ine (?), n. 1. (Chem.) A crude potash obtained from beet-root residues and other similar sources. [Written also salin.]

2. (Med. Chem.) A metallic salt; esp., a salt of potassium, sodium, lithium, or magnesium, used in medicine.

Sa*line"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being salt; saltness.

Sal`i*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Saline + -ferous.] Same as Saliferous.

Sa*lin"i*form (?), a. Having the form or the qualities of a salt, especially of common salt.

Sa*lin"i*ty (?), n. Salineness. Carpenter.

Sal`i*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Saline + -meter.] A salimeter.

Sa*lin"ous (?), a. Saline. [Obs.]

Sal"ique (? or ?), a. [F.] Salic. Shak.

She fulmined out her scorn of laws salique.

Tennyson.

Sal`i*re"tin (?), n. [Saligenin + Gr. &?; resin.] (Chem.) A yellow amorphous resinoid substance obtained by the action of dilute acids on saligenin.

||Sal`is*bu"ri*a (?), n. [Named after R. A. Salisbury, an English ||botanist.] (Bot.) The ginkgo tree (Ginkgo biloba, or Salisburia ||adiantifolia).

Sal"ite (?), v. t. [L. salitus, p. p. of salire to salt, fr. sal salt.] To season with salt; to salt. [Obs.]

Sa"lite (?), n. [So called from Sala, a town in Sweden.] (Min.) A massive lamellar variety of pyroxene, of a dingy green color. [Written also sahlite.]

Sa*li"va (?), n. [L.; cf. Gr. &?;.] (Physiol.) The secretion from the salivary glands.

In man the saliva is a more or less turbid and slighty viscid fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. The secretions from the individual salivary glands have their own special characteristics, and these are not the same in all animals. In man and many animals mixed saliva, i.e., saliva composed of the secretions of all three of the salivary glands, is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin.

Sa*li"val (?; 277), a. Salivary.

Sal"i*vant (?), a. [L. salivans, p. pr. of salivare. See Salivate.] Producing salivation.

Sal"i*vant, n. That which produces salivation.

Sal"i*va*ry (?), a. [L. salivarius slimy, clammy: cf. F. salivaire.] (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to saliva; producing or carrying saliva; as, the salivary ferment; the salivary glands; the salivary ducts, etc.

Sal"i*vate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salivated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Salivating.] [L. salivatus, p. p. of salivare to salivate. See Saliva.] To produce an abnormal flow of saliva in; to produce salivation or ptyalism in, as by the use of mercury.

Sal`i*va"tion (?), n. [L. salivatio: cf. F. salivation.] (Physiol.) The act or process of salivating; an excessive secretion of saliva, often accompanied with soreness of the mouth and gums; ptyalism.

It may be induced by direct chemical or mechanical stimulation, as in mastication of some tasteless substance like rubber, or indirectly by some agent which affects the whole system, as mercury compounds.

Sa*li"vous (?), a. [L. salivosus: cf. F. saliveux.] Pertaining to saliva; of the nature of saliva.

||Sa"lix (?), n.; pl. Salices (#). [L., the willow.] (Bot.) (a) A genus ||of trees or shrubs including the willow, osier, and the like, growing ||usually in wet grounds. (b) A tree or shrub of any kind of willow.

Sal"len*ders (?), n. pl. [F. solandres, solandre.] (Far.) An eruption on the hind leg of a horse. [Written also sellanders, and sellenders.]

On the inside of the hock, or a little below it, as well as at the
bend of the knee, there is occasionally a scurfy eruption called
"mallenders" in the fore leg, and "sallenders" in the hind leg.

Youatt.

Sal"let (sl"lt), n. [F. salade, Sp. celada, or It. celata, fr. L. (cassis) caelata, fr. caelare, caelatum, to engrave in relief. So called from the figures engraved upon it.] A light kind of helmet, with or without a visor, introduced during the 15th century. [Written also salade.]

Then he must have a sallet wherewith his head may be saved.

Latimer.

{ Sal"let, Sal"let*ing }, n. Salad. [Obs.] Shak.

Sal"li*ance (?), n. Salience. [Obs.]

Sal"low (sl"l), n. [OE. salwe, AS. sealh; akin to OHG. salaha, G. salweide, Icel. selja, L. salix, Ir. sail, saileach, Gael. seileach, W. helyg, Gr. "eli`kh.] 1. The willow; willow twigs. [Poetic] Tennyson.

And bend the pliant sallow to a shield.

Fawkes.

The sallow knows the basketmaker's thumb.

Emerson.

2. (Bot.) A name given to certain species of willow, especially those which do not have flexible shoots, as Salix caprea, S. cinerea, etc.

Sallow thorn (Bot.), a European thorny shrub (Hippophae rhamnoides) much like an Elæagnus. The yellow berries are sometimes used for making jelly, and the plant affords a yellow dye.

Sal"low, a. [Compar. Sallower (?); superl. Sallowest.] [AS. salu; akin to D. zaluw, OHG. salo, Icel. sölr yellow.] Having a yellowish color; of a pale, sickly color, tinged with yellow; as, a sallow skin. Shak.

Sal"low, v. t. To tinge with sallowness. [Poetic]

July breathes hot, sallows the crispy fields.

Lowell.

Sal"low*ish, a. Somewhat sallow. Dickens.

Sal"low*ness (?), n. The quality or condition of being sallow. Addison.

Sal"ly (sl"l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sallied (-ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Sallying.] [F. saillir, fr. L. salire to leap, spring, akin to Gr. "a`llesqai; cf. Skr. s to go, to flow. Cf. Salient, Assail, Assault, Exult, Insult, Saltation, Saltire.] To leap or rush out; to burst forth; to issue suddenly; as a body of troops from a fortified place to attack besiegers; to make a sally.

They break the truce, and sally out by night.

Dryden.

The foe retires, -- she heads the sallying host.

Byron.

Sal"ly, n.; pl. Sallies (#). [F. saillie, fr. saillir. See Sally, v.] 1. A leaping forth; a darting; a spring.

2. A rushing or bursting forth; a quick issue; a sudden eruption; specifically, an issuing of troops from a place besieged to attack the besiegers; a sortie.

Sallies were made by the Spaniards, but they were beaten in with
loss.

Bacon.

3. An excursion from the usual track; range; digression; deviation.

Every one shall know a country better that makes often sallies into
it, and traverses it up and down, than he that . . . goes still
round in the same track.

Locke.

4. A flight of fancy, liveliness, wit, or the like; a flashing forth of a quick and active mind.

The unaffected mirth with which she enjoyed his sallies.

Sir W. Scott.

5. Transgression of the limits of soberness or steadiness; act of levity; wild gayety; frolic; escapade.

The excursion was esteemed but a sally of youth.

Sir H. Wotton.

Sally port. (a) (Fort.) A postern gate, or a passage underground, from the inner to the outer works, to afford free egress for troops in a sortie. (b) (Naval) A large port on each quarter of a fireship, for the escape of the men into boats when the train is fired; a large port in an old-fashioned three-decker or a large modern ironclad.

Sal"ly Lunn" (?). [From a woman, Sally Lunn, who is said to have first made the cakes, and sold them in the streets of Bath, Eng.] A tea cake slighty sweetened, and raised with yeast, baked in the form of biscuits or in a thin loaf, and eaten hot with butter.

Sal"ly*man (?), n. (Zoöl.) The velella; -- called also saleeman.

Salm (?), n. Psalm. [Obs2E] Piers Plowman.

Sal`ma*gun"di (?), n. [F. salmigondis, of uncertain origin; perhaps from L. salgama condita, pl.; salgama pickles + condita preserved (see Condite); or from the Countess Salmagondi, lady of honor to Maria de Medici, who is said to have invented it; or cf. It. salame salt meat, and F. salmis a ragout.] 1. A mixture of chopped meat and pickled herring, with oil, vinegar, pepper, and onions. Johnson.

2. Hence, a mixture of various ingredients; an olio or medley; a potpourri; a miscellany. W. Irving.

Sal"mi (?), n. (Cookery) Same as Salmis.

Sal"mi*ac (?), n. [Cf. F. salmiac, G. salmiak.] (Old Chem.) Sal ammoniac. See under Sal.

||Sal`mis" (?), n. [F.] (Cookery) A ragout of partly roasted game ||stewed with sauce, wine, bread, and condiments suited to provoke ||appetite.

Salm"on (sm"n), n.; pl. Salmons (-nz) or (collectively) Salmon. [OE. saumoun, salmon, F. saumon, fr. L. salmo, salmonis, perhaps from salire to leap. Cf. Sally, v.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of fishes of the genus Salmo and allied genera. The common salmon (Salmo salar) of Northern Europe and Eastern North America, and the California salmon, or quinnat, are the most important species. They are extensively preserved for food. See Quinnat.

The salmons ascend rivers and penetrate to their head streams to spawn. They are remarkably strong fishes, and will even leap over considerable falls which lie in the way of their progress. The common salmon has been known to grow to the weight of seventy-five pounds; more generally it is from fifteen to twenty-five pounds. Young salmon are called parr, peal, smolt, and grilse. Among the true salmons are: Black salmon, or Lake salmon, the namaycush. -- Dog salmon, a salmon of Western North America (Oncorhynchus keta). -- Humpbacked salmon, a Pacific-coast salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). -- King salmon, the quinnat. -- Landlocked salmon, a variety of the common salmon (var. Sebago), long confined in certain lakes in consequence of obstructions that prevented it from returning to the sea. This last is called also dwarf salmon.

Among fishes of other families which are locally and erroneously called salmon are: the pike perch, called jack salmon; the spotted, or southern, squeteague; the cabrilla, called kelp salmon; young pollock, called sea salmon; and the California yellowtail.

2. A reddish yellow or orange color, like the flesh of the salmon.

Salmon berry (Bot.), a large red raspberry growing from Alaska to California, the fruit of the Rubus Nutkanus. -- Salmon killer (Zoöl.), a stickleback (Gasterosteus cataphractus) of Western North America and Northern Asia. -- Salmon ladder, Salmon stair. See Fish ladder, under Fish. -- Salmon peel, a young salmon. -- Salmon pipe, a certain device for catching salmon. Crabb. -- Salmon trout. (Zoöl.) (a) The European sea trout (Salmo trutta). It resembles the salmon, but is smaller, and has smaller and more numerous scales. (b) The American namaycush. (c) A name that is also applied locally to the adult black spotted trout (Salmo purpuratus), and to the steel head and other large trout of the Pacific coast.

Salm"on, a. Of a reddish yellow or orange color, like that of the flesh of the salmon.

Salm"on*et (?), n. [Cf. Samlet.] (Zoöl.) A salmon of small size; a samlet.

Sal"mon*oid (?), a. [Salmon + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Like, or pertaining to, the Salmonidæ, a family of fishes including the trout and salmon. -- n. Any fish of the family Salmonidæ.

Sal"o*gen (?), n. [L. sal salt + -gen.] (Chem.) A halogen. [Obs.]

Sal"ol (?), n. [Salicylic + - ol.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance consisting of phenol salicylate.

sa*lom"e*ter (?), n. See Salimeter.

Sa*lom"e*try (?), n. Salimetry.

||Sa`lon" (?), n. [F. See Saloon.] An apartment for the reception of ||company; hence, in the plural, fashionable parties; circles of ||fashionable society.

Sa*loon" (s*ln"), n. [F. salon (cf. It. salone), fr. F. salle a large room, a hall, of German or Dutch origin; cf. OHG. sal house, hall, G. saal; akin to AS. sæl, sele, D. zaal, Icel. salr, Goth. saljan to dwell, and probably to L. solum ground. Cf. Sole of the foot, Soil ground, earth.] 1. A spacious and elegant apartment for the reception of company or for works of art; a hall of reception, esp. a hall for public entertainments or amusements; a large room or parlor; as, the saloon of a steamboat.