Chapter IV: Front Matter (4)

San"daled (?), a. 1. Wearing sandals.

The measured footfalls of his sandaled feet.

Longfellow.

2. Made like a sandal.

San*dal"i*form (?), a. [Sandal + -form.] (Bot.) Shaped like a sandal or slipper.

San"dal*wood (?), n. [F. sandal, santal, fr. Ar. çandal, or Gr. sa`ntalon; both ultimately fr. Skr. candana. Cf. Sanders.] (Bot.) (a) The highly perfumed yellowish heartwood of an East Indian and Polynesian tree (Santalum album), and of several other trees of the same genus, as the Hawaiian Santalum Freycinetianum and S. pyrularium, the Australian S. latifolium, etc. The name is extended to several other kinds of fragrant wood. (b) Any tree of the genus Santalum, or a tree which yields sandalwood. (c) The red wood of a kind of buckthorn, used in Russia for dyeing leather (Rhamnus Dahuricus).

False sandalwood, the fragrant wood of several trees not of the genus Santalum, as Ximenia Americana, Myoporum tenuifolium of Tahiti. -- Red sandalwood, a heavy, dark red dyewood, being the heartwood of two leguminous trees of India (Pterocarpus santalinus, and Adenanthera pavonina); -- called also red sanderswood, sanders or saunders, and rubywood.

{ San"da*rach, San"da*rac }, (&?;), n. [L. sandaraca, Gr. &?;.] 1. (Min.) Realgar; red sulphide of arsenic. [Archaic]

2. (Bot. Chem.) A white or yellow resin obtained from a Barbary tree (Callitris quadrivalvis or Thuya articulata), and pulverized for pounce; -- probably so called from a resemblance to the mineral.

Sand"bag`ger (?), n. An assaulter whose weapon is a sand bag. See Sand bag, under Sand.

Sand"-blind` (?), a. [For sam blind half blind; AS. sm- half (akin to semi- ) + blind.] Having defective sight; dim-sighted; purblind. Shak.

Sand"ed, a. 1. Covered or sprinkled with sand; sandy; barren. Thomson.

2. Marked with small spots; variegated with spots; speckled; of a sandy color, as a hound. Shak.

3. Short-sighted. [Prov. Eng.]

San`de*ma"ni*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Robert Sandeman, a Scotch sectary of the eighteenth century. See Glassite.

San`de*ma"ni*an*ism (?), n. The faith or system of the Sandemanians. A. Fuller.

San"der*ling (?), n. [Sand + - ling. So called because it obtains its food by searching the moist sands of the seashore.] (Zoöl.) A small gray and brown sandpiper (Calidris arenaria) very common on sandy beaches in America, Europe, and Asia. Called also curwillet, sand lark, stint, and ruddy plover.

San"ders (?), n. [See Sandal.] An old name of sandalwood, now applied only to the red sandalwood. See under Sandalwood.

San"ders-blue" (?), n. See Saunders-blue.

San"de*ver (?), n. See Sandiver. [Obs.]

Sand"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A small marine fish of the Pacific coast of North America (Trichodon trichodon) which buries itself in the sand.

Sand"glass` (?), n. An instrument for measuring time by the running of sand. See Hourglass.

Sand"hill`er (?), n. A nickname given to any "poor white" living in the pine woods which cover the sandy hills in Georgia and South Carolina. [U.S.]

Sand"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being sandy, or of being of a sandy color.

Sand"ish, a. Approaching the nature of sand; loose; not compact. [Obs.] Evelyn.

San"di*ver (?), n. [Perh. fr. OF. saïn grease, fat + de of + verre glass (cf. Saim), or fr. F. sel de verre sandiver.] A whitish substance which is cast up, as a scum, from the materials of glass in fusion, and, floating on the top, is skimmed off; -- called also glass gall. [Formerly written also sandever.]

||San"dix (?), n. [L. sandix, sandyx, vermilion, or a color like ||vermilion, Gr. &?;, &?;.] A kind of minium, or red lead, made by ||calcining carbonate of lead, but inferior to true minium. [Written ||also sandyx.] [Obs.]

Sand"man` (?), n. A mythical person who makes children sleepy, so that they rub their eyes as if there were sand in them.

Sand"neck`er (?), n. (Zoöl.) A European flounder (Hippoglossoides limandoides); -- called also rough dab, long fluke, sand fluke, and sand sucker.

Sand"pa`per (?), n. Paper covered on one side with sand glued fast, -- used for smoothing and polishing.

Sand"pa`per, v. t. To smooth or polish with sandpaper; as, to sandpaper a door.

Sand"pi`per (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small limicoline game birds belonging to Tringa, Actodromas, Ereunetes, and various allied genera of the family Tringidæ.

The most important North American species are the pectoral sandpiper (Tringa maculata), called also brownback, grass snipe, and jacksnipe; the red-backed, or black- breasted, sandpiper, or dunlin (T. alpina); the purple sandpiper (T. maritima: the red-breasted sandpiper, or knot (T. canutus); the semipalmated sandpiper (Ereunetes pusillus); the spotted sandpiper, or teeter-tail (Actitis macularia); the buff-breasted sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis), and the Bartramian sandpiper, or upland plover. See under Upland. Among the European species are the dunlin, the knot, the ruff, the sanderling, and the common sandpiper (Actitis, or Tringoides, hypoleucus), called also fiddler, peeper, pleeps, weet-weet, and summer snipe. Some of the small plovers and tattlers are also called sandpipers.

2. (Zoöl.) A small lamprey eel; the pride.

Curlew sandpiper. See under Curlew. -- Stilt sandpiper. See under Stilt.

Sand"pit` (?), n. A pit or excavation from which sand is or has been taken.

San"dre (?), n. (Zoöl.) A Russian fish (Lucioperca sandre) which yields a valuable oil, called sandre oil, used in the preparation of caviare.

Sand"stone` (?), n. A rock made of sand more or less firmly united. Common or siliceous sandstone consists mainly of quartz sand.

Different names are applied to the various kinds of sandstone according to their composition; as, granitic, argillaceous, micaceous, etc.

Flexible sandstone (Min.), the finer- grained variety of itacolumite, which on account of the scales of mica in the lamination is quite flexible. -- Red sandstone, a name given to two extensive series of British rocks in which red sandstones predominate, one below, and the other above, the coal measures. These were formerly known as the Old and the New Red Sandstone respectively, and the former name is still retained for the group preceding the Coal and referred to the Devonian age, but the term New Red Sandstone is now little used, some of the strata being regarded as Permian and the remained as Triassic. See the Chart of Geology.

Sand"wich (?; 277), n. [Named from the Earl of Sandwich.] Two pieces of bread and butter with a thin slice of meat, cheese, or the like, between them.

Sand"wich, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sandwiched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sandwiching.] To make into a sandwich; also, figuratively, to insert between portions of something dissimilar; to form of alternate parts or things, or alternating layers of a different nature; to interlard.

Sand"worm` (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous species of annelids which burrow in the sand of the seashore. (b) Any species of annelids of the genus Sabellaria. They construct firm tubes of agglutinated sand on rocks and shells, and are sometimes destructive to oysters. (c) The chigoe, a species of flea.

Sand"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Arenaria, low, tufted herbs (order Caryophyllaceæ.)

Sand"y (?), a. [Compar. Sandier (?); superl. Sandiest.] [AS. sandig.] 1. Consisting of, abounding with, or resembling, sand; full of sand; covered or sprinkled with sand; as, a sandy desert, road, or soil.

2. Of the color of sand; of a light yellowish red color; as, sandy hair.

||San"dyx (?), n. [L.] See Sandix.

Sane (?), a. [L. sanus; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, safe, sound. Cf. Sound, a.] 1. Being in a healthy condition; not deranged; acting rationally; -- said of the mind.

2. Mentally sound; possessing a rational mind; having the mental faculties in such condition as to be able to anticipate and judge of the effect of one's actions in an ordinary maner; -- said of persons.

Syn. -- Sound; healthy; underanged; unbroken.

Sane"ness, n. The state of being sane; sanity.

Sang (?), imp. of Sing.

{ ||San"ga (?), San"gu (?) }, n. (Zoöl.) The Abyssinian ox (Bos or Bibos, Africanus), noted for the great length of its horns. It has a hump on its back.

San`ga*ree" (?), n. [Sp. sangria, lit., bleeding, from sangre, blood, L. sanguis.] Wine and water sweetened and spiced, -- a favorite West Indian drink.

||Sang`-froid" (?), n. [F., cold blood.] Freedom from agitation or ||excitement of mind; coolness in trying circumstances; indifference; ||calmness. Burke.

San"gi*ac (?), n. See Sanjak.

{ San`graal" (?), San"gre*al (?) }, n. [See Saint, and Grail.] See Holy Grail, under Grail.

San*guif"er*ous (?), a. [L. sanguis blood + -ferous.] (Physiol.) Conveying blood; as, sanguiferous vessels, i. e., the arteries, veins, capillaries.

San`gui*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. sanguification. See Sanguify.] (Physiol.) The production of blood; the conversion of the products of digestion into blood; hematosis.

San"gui*fi`er (?), n. A producer of blood.

San*guif"lu*ous (?), a. [L. sanguis blood + fluere to flow.] Flowing or running with blood.

San"gui*fy (?), v. t. [L. sanguis blood + -fy: cf. F. sanguifier.] To produce blood from.

San*guig"e*nous (?), a. [L. sanguis + -genous.] Producing blood; as, sanguigenous food.

San`gui*na"ceous (?), n. Of a blood-red color; sanguine.

||San`gui*na"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Sanguinary, a. & n.] 1. (Bot.) A ||genus of plants of the Poppy family.

Sanguinaria Canadensis, or bloodroot, is the only species. It has a perennial rootstock, which sends up a few roundish lobed leaves and solitary white blossoms in early spring. See Bloodroot.

2. The rootstock of the bloodroot, used in medicine as an emetic, etc.

San"gui*na*ri*ly (?), adv. In a sanguinary manner.

San"gui*na*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being sanguinary.

San"gui*na*ry (?), a. [L. sanguinarius, fr. sanguis blood: cf. F. sanguinaire.] 1. Attended with much bloodshed; bloody; murderous; as, a sanguinary war, contest, or battle.

We may not propagate religion by wars, or by sanguinary
persecutions to force consciences.

Bacon.

2. Bloodthirsty; cruel; eager to shed blood.

Passion . . . makes us brutal and sanguinary.

Broome.

Syn. -- Bloody; murderous; bloodthirsty; cruel.

San"gui*na*ry, n. [L. herba sanguinaria an herb that stanches blood: cf. F. sanguinaire. See Sanguinary, a.] (Bot.) (a) The yarrow. (b) The Sanguinaria.

San"guine (?), a. [F. sanguin, L. sanguineus, fr. sanguis blood. Cf. Sanguineous.] 1. Having the color of blood; red.

Of his complexion he was sanguine.

Chaucer.

Like to that sanguine flower inscribed with woe.

Milton.

2. Characterized by abundance and active circulation of blood; as, a sanguine bodily temperament.

3. Warm; ardent; as, a sanguine temper.

4. Anticipating the best; not desponding; confident; full of hope; as, sanguine of success.

Syn. -- Warm; ardent; lively; confident; hopeful.

San"guine, n. 1. Blood color; red. Spenser.

2. Anything of a blood-red color, as cloth. [Obs.]

In sanguine and in pes he clad was all.

Chaucer.

3. (Min.) Bloodstone.

4. Red crayon. See the Note under Crayon, 1.

San"guine, v. t. To stain with blood; to impart the color of blood to; to ensanguine.

San"guine*less, a. Destitute of blood; pale. [R.]

San"guine*ly, adv. In a sanguine manner.

I can not speculate quite so sanguinely as he does.

Burke.

San"guine*ness, n. The quality of being sanguine.

San*guin"e*ous (?), a. [L. sanguineus. See Sanguine.] 1. Abounding with blood; sanguine.

2. Of or pertaining to blood; bloody; constituting blood. Sir T. Browne.

3. Blood-red; crimson. Keats.

san*guin"i*ty, n. The quality of being sanguine; sanguineness. Swift.

San"gui*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. sanguis + vorare to devour.] Subsisting on blood.

San*guin"o*len*cy (?), n. The state of being sanguinolent, or bloody.

San*guin"o*lent (?), a. [L. sanguinolentus, from sanguis blood: cf. F. sanguinolent.] Tinged or mingled with blood; bloody; as, sanguinolent sputa.

San"gui*suge (?), n. [L. sanguisuga; sanguis blood + sugere to suck.] (Zoöl.) A bloodsucker, or leech.

San*guiv"o*rous (?), a. [L. sanguis blood + vorare to devour.] (Zoöl.) Subsisting upon blood; -- said of certain blood-sucking bats and other animals. See Vampire.

{ San"he*drin (?), San"he*drim (?) }, n. [Heb. sanhedrn, fr. Gr. &?;; &?; with + &?; a seat, fr. &?; to sit. See Sit.] (Jewish Antiq.) the great council of the Jews, which consisted of seventy members, to whom the high priest was added. It had jurisdiction of religious matters.

San"he*drist (?), n. A member of the sanhedrin. Schaeffer (Lange's Com.).

||San"hi*ta (?), n. [Skr. samhita, properly, combination.] A collection ||of vedic hymns, songs, or verses, forming the first part of each ||Veda.

San"i*cle (?), n. [F., from L. sanare to heal.] (Bot.) Any plant of the umbelliferous genus Sanicula, reputed to have healing powers.

San"i*dine (?), n. [Gr. &?;. &?;, a board. So called in allusion to the tabular crystals.] (Min.) A variety of orthoclase feldspar common in certain eruptive rocks, as trachyte; -- called also glassy feldspar.

||Sa"ni*es (?), n. [L.] (Med.) A thin, serous fluid commonly discharged ||from ulcers or foul wounds.

Sa"ni*ous (?), a. [L. saniosus, fr. sanies: cf. F. sanieux.] 1. (Med.) Pertaining to sanies, or partaking of its nature and appearance; thin and serous, with a slight bloody tinge; as, the sanious matter of an ulcer.

2. (med.) Discharging sanies; as, a sanious ulcer.

San`i*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to health, or the laws of health; sanitary.

San`i*ta"ri*an, n. An advocate of sanitary measures; one especially interested or versed in sanitary measures.

San"i*ta*rist (?), n. A sanitarian.

San`i*ta"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Sanitary.] A health station or retreat; a sanatorium. "A sanitarium for troops." L. Oliphant.

San"i*ta*ry (?), a. [L. sanitas health: cf. F. sanitaire. See Sanity.] Of or pertaining to health; designed to secure or preserve health; relating to the preservation or restoration of health; hygienic; as, sanitary regulations. See the Note under Sanatory.

Sanitary Commission. See under Commission.

San`i*ta"tion (?), n. The act of rendering sanitary; the science of sanitary conditions; the preservation of health; the use of sanitary measures; hygiene.

How much sanitation has advanced during the last half century.

H. Hartshorne.

San"i*ty (?), n. [L. sanitas, from sanus sound, healthy. See Sane.] The condition or quality of being sane; soundness of health of body or mind, especially of the mind; saneness.

San"jak (?), n. [Turk. sanjg.] A district or a subvision of a vilayet. [Turkey]

Sank (?), imp. of Sink.

||Sank"ha (?), n. [Skr. çankha a shell.] A chank shell (Turbinella ||pyrum); also, a shell bracelet or necklace made in India from the ||chank shell.

||Sankh"ya (?), n. A Hindoo system of philosophy which refers all ||things to soul and a rootless germ called prakriti, consisting of ||three elements, goodness, passion, and darkness. Whitworth.

San"nop (sn"np), n. Same as Sannup. Bancroft.

San"nup (-np), n. A male Indian; a brave; -- correlative of squaw.

San"ny (?), n. The sandpiper. [Prov. Eng.]

||Sans (sän; E. snz), prep. [F., from L. sine without.] Without; ||deprived or destitute of. Rarely used as an English word. "Sans ||fail." Chaucer.

Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.

Shak.

San"scrit (?), n. See Sanskrit.

||Sans`-cu`lotte" (F. &?;; E. &?;), n. [F., without breeches.] 1. A ||fellow without breeches; a ragged fellow; -- a name of reproach given ||in the first French revolution to the extreme republican party, who ||rejected breeches as an emblem peculiar to the upper classes or ||aristocracy, and adopted pantaloons.

2. Hence, an extreme or radical republican; a violent revolutionist; a Jacobin.

Sans`-cu*lot"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or involving, sans-culottism; radical; revolutionary; Jacobinical. Carlyle.

Sans`-cu*lot"tism (?), n. [F. sans- culottisme.] Extreme republican principles; the principles or practice of the sans-culottes.

San"skrit (?), n. [Skr. Samskta the Sanskrit language, literally, the perfect, polished, or classical language, fr. samskta prepared, wrought, made, excellent, perfect; sam together (akin to E. same) + kta made. See Same, Create.] [Written also Sanscrit.] The ancient language of the Hindoos, long since obsolete in vernacular use, but preserved to the present day as the literary and sacred dialect of India. It is nearly allied to the Persian, and to the principal languages of Europe, classical and modern, and by its more perfect preservation of the roots and forms of the primitive language from which they are all descended, is a most important assistance in determining their history and relations. Cf. Prakrit, and Veda.

San"skrit, a. Of or pertaining to Sanskrit; written in Sanskrit; as, a Sanskrit dictionary or inscription.

San*skrit"ic (?), a. Sanskrit.

San"skrit*ist, n. One versed in Sanskrit.

||Sans`-sou`ci" (?), adv. [F.] Without care; free and easy.

San"tal (?), n. [Santalum + piperonal.] (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance, isomeric with piperonal, but having weak acid properties. It is extracted from sandalwood.

San`ta*la"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Santalaceæ), of which the genus Santalum is the type, and which includes the buffalo nut and a few other North American plants, and many peculiar plants of the southern hemisphere.

San*tal"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, sandalwood (Santalum); -- used specifically to designate an acid obtained as a resinous or red crystalline dyestuff, which is called also santalin.

San"ta*lin (?), n. [Cf. F. santaline.] (Chem.) Santalic acid. See Santalic.

||San"ta*lum (?), n. [NL. See Sandalwood.] (Bot.) A genus of trees with ||entire opposite leaves and small apetalous flowers. There are less ||than a dozen species, occurring from India to Australia and the ||Pacific Islands. See Sandalwood.

San`tees" (?), n. pl.; sing. Santee (&?;). (Ethnol.) One of the seven confederated tribes of Indians belonging to the Sioux, or Dakotas.

San"ter (?), v. i. See Saunter.

||San"ton (?), n. [Sp. santon, augmented fr. santo holy, L. sanctus.] A ||Turkish saint; a kind of dervish, regarded by the people as a saint: ||also, a hermit.

San"to*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of santonic acid.

San*ton"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid (distinct from santoninic acid) obtained from santonin as a white crystalline substance.

San"to*nin (?), n. [L. herba santonica, a kind of plant, fr. Santoni a people of Aquitania; cf. Gr. &?;: cf. F. santonine.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance having a bitter taste, extracted from the buds of levant wormseed and used as an anthelmintic. It occassions a peculiar temporary color blindness, causing objects to appear as if seen through a yellow glass.

San"to*nin`ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of santoninic acid.

San`to*nin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to santonin; -- used specifically to designate an acid not known in the free state, but obtained in its salts.

||Sa"o (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any marine annelid of the genus Hyalinæcia, ||especially H. tubicola of Europe, which inhabits a transparent ||movable tube resembling a quill in color and texture.

Sap (?), n. [AS. sæp; akin to OHG. saf, G. saft, Icel. safi; of uncertain origin; possibly akin to L. sapere to taste, to be wise, sapa must or new wine boiled thick. Cf. Sapid, Sapient.] 1. The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition.

The ascending is the crude sap, the assimilation of which takes place in the leaves, when it becomes the elaborated sap suited to the growth of the plant.

2. The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree.

3. A simpleton; a saphead; a milksop. [Slang]

Sap ball (Bot.), any large fungus of the genus Polyporus. See Polyporus. -- Sap green, a dull light green pigment prepared from the juice of the ripe berries of the Rhamnus catharticus, or buckthorn. It is used especially by water-color artists. -- Sap rot, the dry rot. See under Dry. -- Sap sucker (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small American woodpeckers of the genus Sphyrapicus, especially the yellow-bellied woodpecker (S. varius) of the Eastern United States. They are so named because they puncture the bark of trees and feed upon the sap. The name is loosely applied to other woodpeckers. -- Sap tube (Bot.), a vessel that conveys sap.

Sap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sapping.] [F. saper (cf. Sp. zapar, It. zapare), fr. sape a sort of scythe, LL. sappa a sort of mattock.] 1. To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of.

Nor safe their dwellings were, for sapped by floods, Their houses
fell upon their household gods.

Dryden.

2. (Mil.) To pierce with saps.

3. To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken.

Ring out the grief that saps the mind.

Tennyson.

Sap (?), v. i. To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps. W. P. Craighill.

Both assaults are carried on by sapping.

Tatler.

Sap, n. (Mil.) A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions, etc.

Sap fagot (Mil.), a fascine about three feet long, used in sapping, to close the crevices between the gabions before the parapet is made. -- Sap roller (Mil.), a large gabion, six or seven feet long, filled with fascines, which the sapper sometimes rolls along before him for protection from the fire of an enemy.

Sap`a*dil"lo (?), n. See Sapodila.

Sap"a*jo (?), n. (Zoöl.) The sapajou.

Sap"a*jou (?), n. [F. sapajou, sajou, Braz. sajuassu.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of South American monkeys of the genus Cebus, having long and prehensile tails. Some of the species are called also capuchins. The bonnet sapajou (C. subcristatus), the golden-handed sapajou (C. chrysopus), and the white-throated sapajou (C. hypoleucus) are well known species. See Capuchin.

Sa*pan" wood (?). [Malay sapang.] (Bot.) A dyewood yielded by Cæsalpinia Sappan, a thorny leguminous tree of Southern Asia and the neighboring islands. It is the original Brazil wood. [Written also sappan wood.]

Sap"ful (?), a. Abounding in sap; sappy.

Sap"head` (?), n. A weak-minded, stupid fellow; a milksop. [Low]

Sa*phe"nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; manifest.] (Anat.) (a) Manifest; -- applied to the two principal superficial veins of the lower limb of man. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the saphenous veins; as, the saphenous nerves; the saphenous opening, an opening in the broad fascia of the thigh through which the internal saphenous vein passes.

Sap"id (?), a. [L. sapidus, fr. sapere to taste: cf. F. sapide. See Sapient, Savor.] Having the power of affecting the organs of taste; possessing savor, or flavor.

Camels, to make the water sapid, do raise the mud with their feet.

Sir T. Browne.

Sa*pid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. sapidité.] The quality or state of being sapid; taste; savor; savoriness.

Whether one kind of sapidity is more effective than another.