Chapter C: A. Ives (19)

Snip"pack (?), n. [Cf. Snipe.] (Zoöl.) The common snipe. [Prov. Eng.]

Snip"per (?), n. One who snips.

Snip"per-snap`er (?), n. A small, insignificant fellow. [Colloq.]

Snip"pet (?), n. A small part or piece.

To be cut into snippets and shreds.

F. Harrison.

Snip"pet*y (?), a. Ridiculously small; petty. "Snippety facts." London Spectator.

Snip"-snap` (?), n. [Reduplication of snap.] A tart dialogue with quick replies. [R.] Pope.

Snip"-snap`, a. Quick; short; sharp; smart. Shak.

Snip"y (snp"), a. Like a snipe.

Snite (snt), n. A snipe. [Obs. or Scot.] Carew.

Snite, v. t. [Icel. snfa. See Snout.] To blow, as the nose; to snuff, as a candle. [Obs. or Scot.]

{ Snithe (?), Snith"y (?) }, a. [AS. snðan to cut. See Snathe.] Sharp; piercing; cutting; -- applied to the wind. [Prov. Eng.]

Sniv"el (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sniveled (?) or Snivelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Sniveling or Snivelling.] [OE. snivelen, snevelen, snuvelen, freg. of sneven. See Sniff, and cf. Snuffle.] 1. To run at the nose; to make a snuffling noise.

2. To cry or whine with snuffling, as children; to cry weakly or whiningly.

Put stop to thy sniveling ditty.

Sir W. Scott.

Sniv"el, n. [AS. snofel. Cf. Snivel, v. i.] Mucus from the nose; snot.

Sniv"el*er (?), n. [Written also sniveller.] One who snivels, esp. one who snivels habitually.

Sniv"el*y (?), a. Running at the nose; sniveling pitiful; whining.

Snob (?), n. [Icel. snpr a dolt, impostor, charlatan. Cf. Snub.] 1. A vulgar person who affects to be better, richer, or more fashionable, than he really is; a vulgar upstart; one who apes his superiors. Thackeray.

Essentially vulgar, a snob. -- a gilded snob, but none the less a
snob.

R. G. White.

2. (Eng. Univ.) A townsman. [Canf]

3. A journeyman shoemaker. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

4. A workman who accepts lower than the usual wages, or who refuses to strike when his fellows do; a rat; a knobstick.

Those who work for lower wages during a strike are called snobs,
the men who stand out being "nobs"

De Quincey.

Snob"ber*y (?), n. The quality of being snobbish; snobbishness.

Snob"bish (?), a. Of or pertaining to a snob; characteristic of, or befitting, a snob; vulgarly pretentious. -- Snob"bish*ly, adv.

Snob"bish*ness, n. Vulgar affectation or ostentation; mean admiration of mean things; conduct or manners of a snob.

Snob"bism (?), n. Snobbery.

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Snob"by (snb"b), a. Snobbish. [R.] E. B. Ramsay.

Snob"ling, n. A little snob. [Jocose] Thackeray.

Snob*oc"ra*cy (snb*k"r*s), n. [Snob + -cracy, as in aristocracy, mobocracy.] Snobs, collectively. [Hybrid & Recent] C. Kingsley.

Snod (snd), n. [See Snood.] A fillet; a headband; a snood. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Snod, a. [Scot. snod to prune, put in order.] Trimmed; smooth; neat; trim; sly; cunning; demure. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Snoff (snf; 115), n. [Cf. Snuff.] (Mining) A short candle end used for igniting a fuse. Raymond.

Snood (?), n. [AS. snd. Cf. Snare.] 1. The fillet which binds the hair of a young unmarried woman, and is emblematic of her maiden character. [Scot.]

And seldom was a snood amid Such wild, luxuriant ringlets hid.

Sir W. Scott.

2. A short line (often of horsehair) connecting a fishing line with the hook; a snell; a leader.

Snood, v. t. To bind or braid up, as the hair, with a snood. [Scot.]

Snood"ed, a. Wearing or having a snood. "The snooded daughter." Whittier.

Snook (snk), v. i. [Prov. E. snook to search out, to follow by the scent; cf. Sw. snoka to lurk, LG. snöggen, snuckern, snökern, to snuffle, to smell about, to search for.] To lurk; to lie in ambush. [Obs.]

Snook, n. [D. snoek.] (Zoöl.) (a) A large perchlike marine food fish (Centropomus undecimalis) found both on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of tropical America; -- called also ravallia, and robalo. (b) The cobia. (c) The garfish.

Snooze (snz), n. [Scot. snooze to sleep; cf. Dan. & Sw. snus snuff.] A short sleep; a nap. [Colloq.]

Snooze, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snoozed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snoozing.] To doze; to drowse; to take a short nap; to slumber. [Colloq.]

Snore (snr), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snored (snrd); p. pr. & vb. n. Snoring.] [OE. snoren, AS. snora a snoring; akin to LG. snoren, snorken, snurken, to snore, D. snorken, G. schnarchen to snore, schnarren to rattle, MHG. snarren, Sw. snarka to snore, Icel. snarka to sputter, fizzle. Cf. Snarl to growl, Sneer, Snort. See Snoring.] To breathe with a rough, hoarse, nasal voice in sleep.

Snore, n. A harsh nasal noise made in sleep.

Snor"er (?), n. One who snores.

Snor"ing, n. (Physiol.) The act of respiring through the open mouth so that the currents of inspired and expired air cause a vibration of the uvula and soft palate, thus giving rise to a sound more or less harsh. It is usually unvoluntary, but may be produced voluntarily.

Snort (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Snorting.] [OE. snorten; akin to snoren. See Snore.] 1. To force the air with violence through the nose, so as to make a noise, as do high- spirited horsed in prancing and play. Fairfax.

2. To snore. [R.] "The snorting citizens." Shak.

3. To laugh out loudly. [Colloq.] Halliwell.

Snort, n. The act of snorting; the sound produced in snorting.

Snort, v. t. To expel throught the nostrils with a snort; to utter with a snort. Keats.

Snort"er (?), n. 1. One who snorts.

2. (Zoöl.) The wheather; -- so called from its cry. [Prov. Eng.]

Snot (?), n. [AS. snot; akin to D. snot, LG. snotte, Dan. snot, and to E. snout. See Snout.] 1. Mucus secreted in, or discharged from, the nose. [Low]

2. A mean, insignificant fellow. [Low]

Snot, v. t. To blow, wipe, or clear, as the nose.

Snot"ter (?), v. i. [From Snot.] To snivel; to cry or whine. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.

Snot"ter, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) A rope going over a yardarm, used to bend a tripping line to, in sending down topgallant and royal yards in vessels of war; also, the short line supporting the heel of the sprit in a small boat.

Snot"ter*y (?), n. Filth; abomination. [Obs.]

To purge the snottery of our slimy time.

Marston.

Snot"ty (?), a. Foul with snot; hence, mean; dirty.

-- Snot"ti*ly (#), adv. -- Snot"ti*ness, n.

Snout (snout), n. [OE. snoute, probably of Scand, or Low German origin; cf. LG. snute, D. snuit, G. schnauze, Sw. snut, snyte, Dan. snude, Icel. sn&?;ta to blow the nose; probably akin to E. snuff, v.t. Cf. Snite, Snot, Snuff.] 1. The long, projecting nose of a beast, as of swine.

2. The nose of a man; -- in contempt. Hudibras.

3. The nozzle of a pipe, hose, etc.

4. (Zoöl.) (a) The anterior prolongation of the head of a gastropod; -- called also rostrum. (b) The anterior prolongation of the head of weevils and allied beetles.

Snout beetle (Zoöl.), any one of many species of beetles having an elongated snout and belonging to the tribe Rhynchophora; a weevil. -- Snout moth (Zoöl.), any pyralid moth. See Pyralid.

Snout, v. t. To furnish with a nozzle or point.

Snout"y (?), a. Resembling a beast's snout.

The nose was ugly, long, and big, Broad and snouty like a pig.

Otway.

Snow (?), n. [LG. snaue, or D. snaauw, from LG. snau a snout, a beak.] (Naut.) A square-rigged vessel, differing from a brig only in that she has a trysail mast close abaft the mainmast, on which a large trysail is hoisted.

Snow, n. [OE. snow, snaw, AS. snw; akin to D. sneeuw, OS. & OHG. sno, G. schnee, Icel. snær, snjr, snajr, Sw. snö, Dan. snee, Goth. snaiws, Lith. snëgas, Russ. snieg', Ir. & Gael. sneachd, W. nyf, L. nix, nivis, Gr. acc. ni`fa, also AS. snwan to snow, G. schneien, OHG. snwan, Lith. snigti, L. ningit it snows, Gr. ni`fei, Zend snizh to snow; cf. Skr. snih to be wet or sticky. &radic;172.] 1. Watery particles congealed into white or transparent crystals or flakes in the air, and falling to the earth, exhibiting a great variety of very beautiful and perfect forms.

Snow is often used to form compounds, most of which are of obvious meaning; as, snow-capped, snow-clad, snow-cold, snow-crowned, snow-crust, snow- fed, snow-haired, snowlike, snow-mantled, snow-nodding, snow-wrought, and the like.

2. Fig.: Something white like snow, as the white color (argent) in heraldry; something which falls in, or as in, flakes.

The field of snow with eagle of black therein.

Chaucer.

Red snow. See under Red.

Snow bunting. (Zoöl.) See Snowbird, 1. -- Snow cock (Zoöl.), the snow pheasant. -- Snow flea (Zoöl.), a small black leaping poduran (Achorutes nivicola) often found in winter on the snow in vast numbers. -- Snow flood, a flood from melted snow. -- Snow flower (Bot.), the fringe tree. -- Snow fly, or Snow insect (Zoöl.), any one of several species of neuropterous insects of the genus Boreus. The male has rudimentary wings; the female is wingless. These insects sometimes appear creeping and leaping on the snow in great numbers. -- Snow gnat (Zoöl.), any wingless dipterous insect of the genus Chionea found running on snow in winter. -- Snow goose (Zoöl.), any one of several species of arctic geese of the genus Chen. The common snow goose (Chen hyperborea), common in the Western United States in winter, is white, with the tips of the wings black and legs and bill red. Called also white brant, wavey, and Texas goose. The blue, or blue-winged, snow goose (C. cœrulescens) is varied with grayish brown and bluish gray, with the wing quills black and the head and upper part of the neck white. Called also white head, white-headed goose, and bald brant. -- Snow leopard (Zool.), the ounce. -- Snow line, lowest limit of perpetual snow. In the Alps this is at an altitude of 9,000 feet, in the Andes, at the equator, 16,000 feet. -- Snow mouse (Zoöl.), a European vole (Arvicola nivalis) which inhabits the Alps and other high mountains. -- Snow pheasant (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large, handsome gallinaceous birds of the genus Tetraogallus, native of the lofty mountains of Asia. The Himalayn snow pheasant (T. Himalayensis) in the best-known species. Called also snow cock, and snow chukor. -- Snow partridge. (Zoöl.) See under Partridge. -- Snow pigeon (Zoöl.), a pigeon (Columba leuconota) native of the Himalaya mountains. Its back, neck, and rump are white, the top of the head and the ear coverts are black. -- Snow plant (Bot.), a fleshy parasitic herb (Sarcodes sanguinea) growing in the coniferous forests of California. It is all of a bright red color, and is fabled to grow from the snow, through which it sometimes shoots up.

Snow (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snowed (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Snowing.] To fall in or as snow; -- chiefly used impersonally; as, it snows; it snowed yesterday.

Snow, v. t. To scatter like snow; to cover with, or as with, snow. Donne. Shak.

Snow"ball` (?), n. 1. A round mass of snow pressed or roller together, or anything resembling such a mass.

2. (Bot.) The Guelder-rose.

Snowball tree (Bot.), the Guelder- rose.

Snow"ball`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snowballed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snowballing.] To pelt with snowballs; to throw snowballs at.

Snow"ball`, v. i. To throw snowballs.

Snow"ber`ry (?), n. (Bot.) A name of several shrubs with white berries; as, the Symphoricarpus racemosus of the Northern United States, and the Chiococca racemosa of Florida and tropical America.

Creeping snowberry. (Bot.) See under Creeping.

Snow"bird (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) An arctic finch (Plectrophenax, or Plectrophanes, nivalis) common, in winter, both in Europe and the United States, and often appearing in large flocks during snowstorms. It is partially white, but variously marked with chestnut and brown. Called also snow bunting, snowflake, snowfleck, and snowflight. (b) Any finch of the genus Junco which appears in flocks in winter time, especially J. hyemalis in the Eastern United States; -- called also blue snowbird. See Junco. (c) The fieldfare. [Prov. Eng.]

Snow"-blind` (?), a. Affected with blindness by the brilliancy of snow. -- Snow"- blind`ness, n.

Snow"-bound` (?), a. Enveloped in, or confined by, snow. Whittier.

Snow"-broth` (?), n. Snow and water mixed, or snow just melted; very cold liquor. Shak.

Snow"cap` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A very small humming bird (Microchæra albocoronata) native of New Grenada.

The feathers of the top of the head are white and snining, the body blue black with a purple and bronzy luster. The name is applied also to Microchæra parvirostris of Central America, which is similar in color.

Snow"-capped` (?), a. Having the top capped or covered with snow; as, snow-capped mountains.

Snow"drift` (?), n. A bank of drifted snow.

Snow"drop` (?), n. (Bot.) A bulbous plant (Galanthus nivalis) bearing white flowers, which often appear while the snow is on the ground. It is cultivated in gardens for its beauty.

Snowdrop tree. See Silver-bell tree, under Silver, a.

Snow"flake` (?), n. 1. A flake, or small filmy mass, of snow.

2. (Zoöl.) See Snowbird, 1.

3. (Bot.) A name given to several bulbous plants of the genus Leucoium (L. vernum, æstivum, etc.) resembling the snowdrop, but having all the perianth leaves of equal size.

Snow"fleck` (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Snowbird, 1.

Snowl (?), n. (Zoöl.) The hooded merganser. [Local, U.S.]

Snow"less (?), a. Destitute of snow.

{ Snow"plow`, Snow"plough` } (?), n. An implement operating like a plow, but on a larger scale, for clearing away the snow from roads, railways, etc.

Snow"shed (?), n. A shelter to protect from snow, esp. a long roof over an exposed part of a railroad.

Snow"shoe` (?), n. A slight frame of wood three or four feet long and about one third as wide, with thongs or cords stretched across it, and having a support and holder for the foot; -- used by persons for walking on soft snow.

Snow"shoe`ing, n. Traveling on snowshoes.

Snow"sho`er (?), n. One who travels on snowshoes; an expert in using snowshoes. W. G. Beers.

Snow"slip` (?), n. A large mass or avalanche of snow which slips down the side of a mountain, etc.

Snow"storm` (?), n. A storm with falling snow.

Snow"-white` (?), a. White as snow; very white. "Snow-white and rose-red" Chaucer.

Snow"y (?), a. 1. White like snow. "So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows." Shak.

2. Abounding with snow; covered with snow. "The snowy top of cold Olympus." Milton.

3. Fig.: Pure; unblemished; unstained; spotless.

There did he lose his snowy innocence.

J. Hall (1646).

Snowy heron (Zoöl.), a white heron, or egret (Ardea candidissima), found in the Southern United States, and southward to Chili; -- called also plume bird. -- Snowy lemming (Zoöl.), the collared lemming (Cuniculus torquatus), which turns white in winter. -- Snowy owl (Zoöl.), a large arctic owl (Nyctea Scandiaca, or N. nivea) common all over the northern parts of the United States and Europe in winter time. Its plumage is sometimes nearly pure white, but it is usually more or less marked with blackish spots. Called also white owl. -- Snowy plover (Zoöl.), a small plover (Ægialitis nivosa) of the western parts of the United States and Mexico. It is light gray above, with the under parts and portions of the head white.

Snub (?), v. i. [Cf. D. snuiven to snort, to pant, G. schnauben, MHG. snben, Prov. G. schnupfen, to sob, and E. snuff, v.t.] To sob with convulsions. [Obs.] Bailey.

Snub, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snubbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snubbing.] [Cf. Icel. ssnubba to snub, chide, Sw. snubba, Icel. snubbttr snubbed, nipped, and E. snib.] 1. To clip or break off the end of; to check or stunt the growth of; to nop.

2. To check, stop, or rebuke, with a tart, sarcastic reply or remark; to reprimand; to check. J. Foster.

3. To treat with contempt or neglect, as a forward or pretentious person; to slight designedly.

To snub a cable or rope (Naut.), to check it suddenly in running out. Totten.

Snub, n. 1. A knot; a protuberance; a song. [Obs.]

[A club] with ragged snubs and knotty grain.

Spenser.

2. A check or rebuke; an intended slight. J. Foster.

Snub nose, a short or flat nose. -- Snub post, or Snubbing post (Naut.), a post on a dock or shore, around which a rope is thrown to check the motion of a vessel.

Snub"-nosed` (?), a. Having a short, flat nose, slightly turned up; as, the snub-nosed eel.

Snub-nosed cachalot (Zoöl.), the pygmy sperm whale.

Snudge (?), v. i. [Cf. Snug.] To lie snug or quiet. [Obs.] Herbert.

Snudge, n. A miser; a sneaking fellow. [Obs.]

Snuff (?), n. [Cf. G. schnuppe candle snuff, schnuppen to snuff a candle (see Snuff, v. t., to snuff a candle), or cf. Snub, v. t.] The part of a candle wick charred by the flame, whether burning or not.

If the burning snuff happens to get out of the snuffers, you have a
chance that it may fall into a dish of soup.

Swift.

Snuff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snuffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snuffing.] [OE. snuffen. See Snuff of a candle Snuff to sniff.] To crop the snuff of, as a candle; to take off the end of the snuff of.

To snuff out, to extinguish by snuffing.

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Snuff (?), v. t.[Akin to D. snuffen, G. schnupfen, schnuppen, to snuff, schnupfen a cold in the head, schnuppen to snuff (air), also, to snuff (a candle). Cf. Sniff, Snout, Snub, v. i.] 1. To draw in, or to inhale, forcibly through the nose; to sniff.

He snuffs the wind, his heels the sand excite.

Dryden.

2. To perceive by the nose; to scent; to smell.

Snuff, v. i. 1. To inhale air through the nose with violence or with noise, as do dogs and horses. Dryden.

2. To turn up the nose and inhale air, as an expression of contempt; hence, to take offense.

Do the enemies of the church rage and snuff?

Bp. Hall.

Snuff, n. 1. The act of snuffing; perception by snuffing; a sniff.

2. Pulverized tobacco, etc., prepared to be taken into the nose; also, the amount taken at once.

3. Resentment, displeasure, or contempt, expressed by a snuffing of the nose. [Obs.]

Snuff dipping. See Dipping, n., 5. -- Snuff taker, one who uses snuff by inhaling it through the nose. -- To take it in snuff, to be angry or offended. Shak. -- Up to snuff, not likely to be imposed upon; knowing; acute. [Slang]

Snuff"box` (?), n. A small box for carrying snuff about the person.

Snuff"er (?), n. 1. One who snuffs.

2. (Zoöl.) The common porpoise.

Snuff"ers (?), n. pl. An instrument for cropping and holding the snuff of a candle.

Snuff"ing*ly, adv. In a snuffing manner.

Snuf"fle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snuffled(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snuffling (?).] [Freq. of snuff, v.i.; akin to LG. snuffeln, G. schnüffeln, D. snuffeln, Dan. snövle. Cf. Sniffle.] To speak through the nose; to breathe through the nose when it is obstructed, so as to make a broken sound.

One clad in purple Eats, and recites some lamentable rhyme . . .
Snuffling at nose, and croaking in his throat.

Dryden.

Snuf"fle, n. 1. The act of snuffing; a sound made by the air passing through the nose when obstructed.

This dread sovereign, Breath, in its passage, gave a snort or
snuffle.

Coleridge.

2. An affected nasal twang; hence, cant; hypocrisy.

3. pl. Obstruction of the nose by mucus; nasal catarrh of infants or children. [Colloq.]

Snuf"fler (?), n. One who snuffles; one who uses cant.

Snuff"y (?), a. 1. Soiled with snuff.

2. Sulky; angry; vexed. [Obs. or Scot.] Jamieson.

Snug (?), a. [Compar. Snugger (?); superl. Snuggest (?).] [Prov. E. snug tight, handsome; cf. Icel. snöggr smooth, ODan. snög neat, Sw. snugg.] 1. Close and warm; as, an infant lies snug.

2. Close; concealed; not exposed to notice.

Lie snug, and hear what critics say.

Swift.

3. Compact, convenient, and comfortable; as, a snug farm, house, or property.

Snug, n. (Mach.) Same as Lug, n., 3.

Snug, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Snugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snugging(?).] To lie close; to snuggle; to snudge; -- often with up, or together; as, a child snugs up to its mother.

Snug, v. t. 1. To place snugly. [R.] Goldsmith.

2. To rub, as twine or rope, so as to make it smooth and improve the finish.

Snug"ger*y (?), n.; pl. Snuggeries (&?;). A snug, cozy place. [Colloq.] Dickens.

Snug"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Snuggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Snuggling (?).] [Freq. of snug.] To move one way and the other so as to get a close place; to lie close for comfort; to cuddle; to nestle.

Snug"ly, adv. In a snug manner; closely; safely.

Snug"ness, n. The quality or state of being snug.

Sny (?), n. [Cf. Icel. sna to turn.] An upward bend in a piece of timber; the sheer of a vessel.

Sny"ing, n. (Naut.) A curved plank, placed edgewise, to work in the bows of a vessel. R. H. Dana, Jr.

So (?), adv. [OE. so, sa, swa, AS. sw; akin to OFries, s, s&?;, D. zoo, OS. & OHG. s&?;, G. so, Icel. sv, sv&?;, svo, so, Sw. s&?;, Dan. saa, Goth. swa so, sw&?; as; cf. L. suus one's own, Skr. sva one's own, one's self. &radic;192. Cf. As, Custom, Ethic, Idiom, Such.] 1. In that manner or degree; as, indicated (in any way), or as implied, or as supposed to be known.

Why is his chariot so long in coming?

Judges v. 28.

2. In like manner or degree; in the same way; thus; for like reason; whith equal reason; -- used correlatively, following as, to denote comparison or resemblance; sometimes, also, following inasmuch as.

As a war should be undertaken upon a just motive, so a prince ought
to consider the condition he is in.

Swift.

3. In such manner; to such degree; -- used correlatively with as or that following; as, he was so fortunate as to escape.

I viewed in may mind, so far as I was able, the beginning and
progress of a rising world.

T. Burnet.

He is very much in Sir Roger's esteem, so that he lives in the
family rather as a relation than dependent.

Addison.

4. Very; in a high degree; that is, in such a degree as can not well be expressed; as, he is so good; he planned so wisely.

5. In the same manner; as has been stated or suggested; in this or that condition or state; under these circumstances; in this way; -- with reflex reference to something just asserted or implied; used also with the verb to be, as a predicate.

Use him [your tutor] with great respect yourself, and cause all
your family to do so too.

Locke.

It concerns every man, with the greatest seriousness, to inquire
into those matters, whether they be so or not.

Tillotson.

He is Sir Robert's son, and so art thou.

Shak.

6. The case being such; therefore; on this account; for this reason; on these terms; -- used both as an adverb and a conjuction.

God makes him in his own image an intellectual creature, and so
capable of dominion.

Locke.

Here, then, exchange we mutually forgiveness; So may the guilt of
all my broken vows, My perjuries to thee, be all forgotten.

Rowe.

7. It is well; let it be as it is, or let it come to pass; -- used to express assent.

And when 't is writ, for my sake read it over, And if it please
you, so; if not, why, so.

Shak.

There is Percy; if your father will do me any honor, so; if not,
let him kill the next Percy himself.

Shak.

8. Well; the fact being as stated; -- used as an expletive; as, so the work is done, is it?

9. Is it thus? do you mean what you say? -- with an upward tone; as, do you say he refuses? So? [Colloq.]

10. About the number, time, or quantity specified; thereabouts; more or less; as, I will spend a week or so in the country; I have read only a page or so.

A week or so will probably reconcile us.

Gay.

See the Note under Ill, adv.

So . . . as. So is now commonly used as a demonstrative correlative of as when it is the puprpose to emphasize the equality or comparison suggested, esp. in negative assertions, and questions implying a negative answer. By Shakespeare and others so . . . as was much used where as . . . as is now common. See the Note under As, 1.

So do, as thou hast said.

Gen. xviii. 5.

As a flower of the field, so he flourisheth.

Ps. ciii. 15.

Had woman been so strong as men.

Shak.

No country suffered so much as England.

Macaulay.

-- So far, to that point or extent; in that particular. "The song was moral, and so far was right." Cowper. -- So far forth, as far; to such a degree. Shak. Bacon. -- So forth, further in the same or similar manner; more of the same or a similar kind. See And so forth, under And. -- So, so, well, well. "So, so, it works; now, mistress, sit you fast." Dryden. Also, moderately or tolerably well; passably; as, he succeeded but so so. "His leg is but so so." Shak. -- So that, to the end that; in order that; with the effect or result that. -- So then, thus then it is; therefore; the consequence is.

So (?), conj. Provided that; on condition that; in case that; if.

Though all the winds of doctrine were let loose play upon the
earth, so truth be in the field, we do injuriously, by licensing
and prohibiting, to misdoubt her strength.

Milton.

So, interj. Be as you are; stand still; stop; that will do; right as you are; -- a word used esp. to cows; also used by sailors.

Soak (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Soaking.] [OE. soken, AS. socian to sioak, steep, fr. s&?;can, s&?;gan, to suck. See Suck.] 1. To cause or suffer to lie in a fluid till the substance has imbibed what it can contain; to macerate in water or other liquid; to steep, as for the purpose of softening or freshening; as, to soak cloth; to soak bread; to soak salt meat, salt fish, or the like.

2. To drench; to wet thoroughly.

Their land shall be soaked with blood.

Isa. xxiv. 7.

3. To draw in by the pores, or through small passages; as, a sponge soaks up water; the skin soaks in moisture.

4. To make (its way) by entering pores or interstices; -- often with through.

The rivulet beneath soaked its way obscurely through wreaths of
snow.

Sir W. Scott.

5. Fig.: To absorb; to drain. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

Soak, v. i. 1. To lie steeping in water or other liquid; to become sturated; as, let the cloth lie and soak.

2. To enter (into something) by pores or interstices; as, water soaks into the earth or other porous matter.

3. To drink intemperately or gluttonously. [Slang]

Soak"age (?), n. The act of soaking, or the state of being soaked; also, the quantity that enters or issues by soaking.

Soak"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, soaks.

2. A hard drinker. [Slang] South.

Soak"ing, a. Wetting thoroughly; drenching; as, a soaking rain. -- Soak"ing*ly, adv.

Soak"y (?), a. Full of moisture; wet; soppy.

Soal (?), n. 1. The sole of a shoe. [Obs. or R.]

2. (Zoöl.) See Sole, the fish. [Obs.]

Soal, n. [AS. sol mire. Cf. Sully.] A dirty pond. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Soam (?), n. A chain by which a leading horse draws a plow. Knight.

Soap (?), n. [OE. sope, AS. spe; akin to D. zeep, G. seife, OHG. seifa, Icel. spa, Sw. s&?;pa, Dan. s&?;be, and perhaps to AS. span to drip, MHG. sfen, and L. sebum tallow. Cf. Saponaceous.] A substance which dissolves in water, thus forming a lather, and is used as a cleansing agent. Soap is produced by combining fats or oils with alkalies or alkaline earths, usually by boiling, and consists of salts of sodium, potassium, etc., with the fatty acids (oleic, stearic, palmitic, etc.). See the Note below, and cf. Saponification. By extension, any compound of similar composition or properties, whether used as a cleaning agent or not.

In general, soaps are of two classes, hard and soft. Calcium, magnesium, lead, etc., form soaps, but they are insoluble and useless.

The purifying action of soap depends upon the fact that it is
decomposed by a large quantity of water into free alkali and an
insoluble acid salt. The first of these takes away the fatty dirt
on washing, and the latter forms the soap lather which envelops the
greasy matter and thus tends to remove it.

Roscoe & Schorlemmer.

Castile soap, a fine-grained hard soap, white or mottled, made of olive oil and soda; -- called also Marseilles, or Venetian, soap. -- Hard soap, any one of a great variety of soaps, of different ingredients and color, which are hard and compact. All solid soaps are of this class. -- Lead soap, an insoluble, white, pliable soap made by saponifying an oil (olive oil) with lead oxide; -- used externally in medicine. Called also lead plaster, diachylon, etc. -- Marine soap. See under Marine. -- Pills of soap (Med.), pills containing soap and opium. -- Potash soap, any soap made with potash, esp. the soft soaps, and a hard soap made from potash and castor oil. -- Pumice soap, any hard soap charged with a gritty powder, as silica, alumina, powdered pumice, etc., which assists mechanically in the removal of dirt. -- Resin soap, a yellow soap containing resin, -- used in bleaching. -- Silicated soap, a cheap soap containing water glass (sodium silicate). -- Soap bark. (Bot.) See Quillaia bark. -- Soap bubble, a hollow iridescent globe, formed by blowing a film of soap suds from a pipe; figuratively, something attractive, but extremely unsubstantial.

This soap bubble of the metaphysicians.

J. C. Shairp.

-- Soap cerate, a cerate formed of soap, olive oil, white wax, and the subacetate of lead, sometimes used as an application to allay inflammation. -- Soap fat, the refuse fat of kitchens, slaughter houses, etc., used in making soap. -- Soap liniment (Med.), a liniment containing soap, camphor, and alcohol. -- Soap nut, the hard kernel or seed of the fruit of the soapberry tree, -- used for making beads, buttons, etc. -- Soap plant (Bot.), one of several plants used in the place of soap, as the Chlorogalum pomeridianum, a California plant, the bulb of which, when stripped of its husk and rubbed on wet clothes, makes a thick lather, and smells not unlike new brown soap. It is called also soap apple, soap bulb, and soap weed. -- Soap tree. (Bot.) Same as Soapberry tree. -- Soda soap, a soap containing a sodium salt. The soda soaps are all hard soaps. -- Soft soap, a soap of a gray or brownish yellow color, and of a slimy, jellylike consistence, made from potash or the lye from wood ashes. It is strongly alkaline and often contains glycerin, and is used in scouring wood, in cleansing linen, in dyehouses, etc. Figuratively, flattery; wheedling; blarney. [Colloq.] -- Toilet soap, hard soap for the toilet, usually colored and perfumed.

Soap (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soaped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Soaping.] 1. To rub or wash over with soap.

2. To flatter; to wheedle. [Slang]

Soap"ber`ry tree` (?). (Bot.) Any tree of the genus Sapindus, esp. Sapindus saponaria, the fleshy part of whose fruit is used instead of soap in washing linen; -- also called soap tree.

Soap"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any serranoid fish of the genus Rhypticus; -- so called from the soapy feeling of its skin.

Soap"i*ness (?), n. Quality or state of being soapy.

Soap"root` (?), n. (Bot.) A perennial herb (Gypsophila Struthium) the root of which is used in Spain as a substitute for soap.

Soap"stone` (?), n. See Steatite, and Talc.

Soap"suds` (?), n. pl. Suds made with soap.

Soap"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A common plant (Saponaria officinalis) of the Pink family; -- so called because its bruised leaves, when agitated in water, produce a lather like that from soap. Called also Bouncing Bet.

Soap"y (?), a. [Compar. Soapier (?); superl. Soapiest.] 1. Resembling soap; having the qualities of, or feeling like, soap; soft and smooth.

2. Smeared with soap; covered with soap.

Soar (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Soared (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Soaring.] [F. s'essorer to soar, essorer to dry (by exposing to the air), fr. L. ex out + aura the air, a breeze; akin to Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;.] 1. To fly aloft, as a bird; to mount upward on wings, or as on wings. Chaucer.

When soars Gaul's vulture with his wings unfurled.

Byron.

2. Fig.: To rise in thought, spirits, or imagination; to be exalted in mood.

Where the deep transported mind may soar.

Milton.

Valor soars above What the world calls misfortune.

Addison.

Soar, n. The act of soaring; upward flight.

This apparent soar of the hooded falcon.

Coleridge.

Soar, a. See 3d Sore. [Obs.]

Soar, a. See Sore, reddish brown.

Soar falcon. (Zoöl.) See Sore falcon, under Sore.

Soar"ing, a. & n. from Soar. -- Soar"ing*ly, adv.

||So*a"ve (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Sweet.

||So*a`ve*men"te (?), adv. [It.] (Mus.) Sweetly.

Sob (?), v. t. [See Sop.] To soak. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Sob, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sobbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sobbing.] [OE. sobben; akin to AS. seófian, siófian, to complain, bewail, seófung, siófung, sobbing, lamentation; cf. OHG. s&?;ftön, s&?;ft&?;n, to sigh, MHG. siuften, siufzen, G. seufzen, MHG. s&?;ft a sigh, properly, a drawing in of breath, from s&?;fen to drink, OHG. s&?;fan. Cf. Sup.] To sigh with a sudden heaving of the breast, or with a kind of convulsive motion; to sigh with tears, and with a convulsive drawing in of the breath.

Sobbing is the same thing [as sighing], stronger.

Bacon.

She sighed, she sobbed, and, furious with despair. She rent her
garments, and she tore her hair.

Dryden.

Sob, n. 1. The act of sobbing; a convulsive sigh, or inspiration of the breath, as in sorrow.

Break, heart, or choke with sobs my hated breath.

Dryden.

2. Any sorrowful cry or sound.

The tremulous sob of the complaining owl.

Wordsworth.

Sob"bing (?), n. A series of short, convulsive inspirations, the glottis being suddenly closed so that little or no air enters into the lungs.

Sober (?), a. [Compar. Soberer (?); superl. Soberest.] [OE. sobre, F. sobre, from L. sobrius, probably from a prefix so- expressing separation + ebrius drunken. Cf. Ebriety.] 1. Temperate in the use of spirituous liquors; habitually temperate; as, a sober man.

That we may hereafter live a godly, righteous, and sober life, to
the glory of Thy holy name.

Bk. of Com. Prayer.

2. Not intoxicated or excited by spirituous liquors; as, the sot may at times be sober.

3. Not mad or insane; not wild, visionary, or heated with passion; exercising cool, dispassionate reason; self- controlled; self-possessed.

There was not a sober person to be had; all was tempestuous and
blustering.

Druden.

No sober man would put himself into danger for the applause of
escaping without breaking his neck.

Dryden.

<! p. 1365 !>

4. Not proceeding from, or attended with, passion; calm; as, sober judgment; a man in his sober senses.

5. Serious or subdued in demeanor, habit, appearance, or color; solemn; grave; sedate.

What parts gay France from sober Spain?

Prior.

See her sober over a sampler, or gay over a jointed baby.

Pope.

Twilight gray Had in her sober livery all things clad.

Milton.

Syn. -- Grave; temperate; abstinent; abstemious; moderate; regular; steady; calm; quiet; cool; collected; dispassionate; unimpassioned; sedate; staid; serious; solemn; somber. See Grave.

So"ber (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sobered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sobering.] To make sober.

There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, And drinking largely
sobers us again.

Pope.

So"ber, v. i. To become sober; -- often with down.

Vance gradually sobered down.

Ld. Lytton.

So"ber*ize (?), v. t. & i. To sober. [R.] Crabbe.

So"ber*ly, adv. In a sober manner; temperately; cooly; calmly; gravely; seriously.

So"ber*ly, a. Grave; serious; solemn; sad. [Obs.]

[He] looked hollow and thereto soberly.

Chaucer.

So"ber-mind`ed (?), a. Having a disposition or temper habitually sober. -- So"ber- mind`ed*ness, n.

So"ber*ness, n. The quality or state of being sober.

Sob"o*les (?), n. [L., a short.] (Bot.) (a) A shoot running along under ground, forming new plants at short distances. (b) A sucker, as of tree or shrub.

Sob`o*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. soboles + -ferous.] (Bot.) Producing soboles. See Illust. of Houseleek.

So*bri"e*ty (?), n. [L. sobrietas: cf. F. sobriété. See Sober.] 1. Habitual soberness or temperance as to the use of spirituous liquors; as, a man of sobriety.

Public sobriety is a relative duty.

Blackstone.

2. Habitual freedom from enthusiasm, inordinate passion, or overheated imagination; calmness; coolness; gravity; seriousness; as, the sobriety of riper years.

Mirth makes them not mad, Nor sobriety sad.

Denham.

Syn. -- Soberness; temperance; abstinence; abstemiousness; moderation; regularity; steadness; calmness; coolness; sober- mindeness; sedateness; staidness; gravity; seriousness; solemnity.

||So`bri`quet" (s`br`k"), n.[F. sobriquet, OF. soubzbriquet, ||soubriquet, a chuck under the chin, hence, an affront, a nickname; of ||uncertain origin; cf. It. sottobecco a chuck under the chin.] An ||assumed name; a fanciful epithet or appellation; a nickname. ||[Sometimes less correctly written soubriquet.]

Soc (sk), n. [AS. sc the power of holding court, sway, domain, properly, the right of investigating or seeking; akin to E. sake, seek. Sake, Seek, and cf. Sac, and Soke.] [Written also sock, and soke.] 1. (O. Eng. Law) (a) The lord's power or privilege of holding a court in a district, as in manor or lordship; jurisdiction of causes, and the limits of that jurisdiction. (b) Liberty or privilege of tenants excused from customary burdens.

2. An exclusive privilege formerly claimed by millers of grinding all the corn used within the manor or township which the mill stands. [Eng.]

Soc and sac (O. Eng. Law), the full right of administering justice in a manor or lordship.

Soc"age (?), n.[From Soc; cf. LL. socagium.] (O.Eng. Law) A tenure of lands and tenements by a certain or determinate service; a tenure distinct from chivalry or knight's service, in which the obligations were uncertain. The service must be certain, in order to be denominated socage, as to hold by fealty and twenty shillings rent. [Written also soccage.]

Socage is of two kinds; free socage, where the services are not only certain, but honorable; and villein socage, where the services, though certain, are of a baser nature. Blackstone.

Soc"a*ger (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) A tennant by socage; a socman.

So"-called` (?), a. So named; called by such a name (but perhaps called thus with doubtful propriety).

So`cia*bil"i*ty (?), n.[Cf. F. sociabilité.] The quality of being sociable; sociableness.

So"cia*ble (?), a.[F., fr. L. sociabilis, fr. sociare to associate, fr. socius a companion. See Social.] 1. Capable of being, or fit to be, united in one body or company; associable. [R.]

They are sociable parts united into one body.

Hooker.

2. Inclined to, or adapted for, society; ready to unite with others; fond of companions; social.

Society is no comfort to one not sociable.

Shak.

What can be more uneasy to this sociable creature than the dry,
pensive retirements of solitude?

South.

3. Ready to converse; inclined to talk with others; not taciturn or reserved.

4. Affording opportunites for conversation; characterized by much conversation; as, a sociable party.

5. No longer hostile; friendly. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

Sociable bird, or Sociable weaver (Zoöl.), a weaver bird which builds composite nests. See Republican, n., 3. (b).

Syn. -- Social; companionable; conversible; friendly; familiar; communicative; accessible.

So"cia*ble, n. 1. A gathering of people for social purposes; an informal party or reception; as, a church sociable. [Colloq. U. S.]

2. A carriage having two double seats facing each other, and a box for the driver. Miss Edgeworth.

So"cia*ble*ness, n. The quality of being sociable.

So"cia*bly, adv. In a sociable manner.

So"cial (?), a. [L. socialis, from socius a companion; akin to sequi to follow: cf. F. social. See Sue to follow.] 1. Of or pertaining to society; relating to men living in society, or to the public as an aggregate body; as, social interest or concerns; social pleasure; social benefits; social happiness; social duties. "Social phenomena." J. S. Mill.

2. Ready or disposed to mix in friendly converse; companionable; sociable; as, a social person.

3. Consisting in union or mutual intercourse.

Best with thyself accompanied, seek'st not Social communication.

Milton.

4. (Bot.) Naturally growing in groups or masses; -- said of many individual plants of the same species.

5. (Zoöl.) (a) Living in communities consisting of males, females, and neuters, as do ants and most bees. (b) Forming compound groups or colonies by budding from basal processes or stolons; as, the social ascidians.

Social science, the science of all that relates to the social condition, the relations and institutions which are involved in man's existence and his well-being as a member of an organized community; sociology. It concerns itself with questions of the public health, education, labor, punishment of crime, reformation of criminals, and the like. -- Social whale (Zoöl.), the blackfish. -- The social evil, prostitution.

Syn. -- Sociable; companionable; conversible; friendly; familiar; communicative; convival; festive.

So"cial*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. socialisme.] A theory or system of social reform which contemplates a complete reconstruction of society, with a more just and equitable distribution of property and labor. In popular usage, the term is often employed to indicate any lawless, revolutionary social scheme. See Communism, Fourierism, Saint- Simonianism, forms of socialism.

[Socialism] was first applied in England to Owen's theory of social
reconstruction, and in France to those also of St. Simon and
Fourier . . . The word, however, is used with a great variety of
meaning, . . . even by economists and learned critics. The general
tendency is to regard as socialistic any interference undertaken by
society on behalf of the poor, . . . radical social reform which
disturbs the present system of private property . . . The tendency
of the present socialism is more and more to ally itself with the
most advanced democracy.

Encyc. Brit.

We certainly want a true history of socialism, meaning by that a
history of every systematic attempt to provide a new social
existence for the mass of the workers.

F. Harrison.

So"cial*ist, n. [Cf. F. socialiste.] One who advocates or practices the doctrines of socialism.

{ So"cial*ist, So`cial*is"tic, } a. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, socialism.

So`ci*al"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. socialisté, L. socialitas.] The quality of being social; socialness.

So"cial*ize (?), v. t. 1. To render social.

2. To subject to, or regulate by, socialism.

So"cial*ly, adv. In a social manner; sociably.

So"cial*ness, n. The quality or state of being social.

So"ci*ate (?), a. [L. sociatus, p. p. of sociare to associate, fr. socius companion.] Associated. [Obs.]

So"ci*ate, n. An associate. [Obs.]

As for you, Dr. Reynolds, and your sociates.

Fuller.

So"ci*ate (?), v. i. To associate. [Obs.] Shelford.

So*ci`e*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to society; social.

The all-sweeping besom of societarian reformation.

Lamb.

So*ci"e*ta*ry (?), a. Societarian. [R.]

So*ci"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Societies (#). [L. societas, fr. socius a companion: cf. F. société. See Social.] 1. The relationship of men to one another when associated in any way; companionship; fellowship; company. "Her loved society." Milton.

There is society where none intrudes By the deep sea, and music in
its roar.

Byron.

2. Connection; participation; partnership. [R.]

The meanest of the people and such as have the least society with
the acts and crimes of kings.

Jer. Taylor.

3. A number of persons associated for any temporary or permanent object; an association for mutual or joint usefulness, pleasure, or profit; a social union; a partnership; as, a missionary society.

4. The persons, collectively considered, who live in any region or at any period; any community of individuals who are united together by a common bond of nearness or intercourse; those who recognize each other as associates, friends, and acquaintances.

5. Specifically, the more cultivated portion of any community in its social relations and influences; those who mutually give receive formal entertainments.

Society of Jesus. See Jesuit. -- Society verses [a translation of F. vers de société], the lightest kind of lyrical poetry; verses for the amusement of polite society.

So*cin"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Socinus, or the Socinians.

So*cin"i*an, n. One of the followers of Socinus; a believer in Socinianism.

So*cin"i*an*ism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The tenets or doctrines of Faustus Socinus, an Italian theologian of the sixteenth century, who denied the Trinity, the deity of Christ, the personality of the Devil, the native and total depravity of man, the vicarious atonement, and the eternity of future punishment. His theory was, that Christ was a man divinely commissioned, who had no existence before he was conceived by the Virgin Mary; that human sin was the imitation of Adam's sin, and that human salvation was the imitation and adoption of Christ's virtue; that the Bible was to be interpreted by human reason; and that its language was metaphorical, and not to be taken literally.

So*cin"i*an*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Socinianized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Socinianizing (?).] To cause to conform to Socinianism; to regulate by, or imbue with, the principles of Socinianism.

{ So`ci*o*log"ic (?), So`ci*o*log"ic*al (?) } a. Of or pertaining to sociology, or social science. -- So`ci*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

So`ci*ol"o*gist (?), n. One who treats of, or devotes himself to, the study of sociology. J. S. Mill.

So`ci*ol"o*gy (?), n. [L. socius a companion + -logy.] That branch of philosophy which treats of the constitution, phenomena, and development of human society; social science. H. Spencer.

Sock (?), n. [F. soc, LL. soccus, perhaps of Celtic origin.] A plowshare. Edin. Encyc.

Sock, n. [OE. sock, AS. socc, fr. L. soccus a kind of low-heeled, light shoe. Cf. Sucket.] 1. The shoe worn by actors of comedy in ancient Greece and Rome, -- used as a symbol of comedy, or of the comic drama, as distinguished from tragedy, which is symbolized by the buskin.

Great Fletcher never treads in buskin here, Nor greater Jonson
dares in socks appear.

Dryden.

2. A knit or woven covering for the foot and lower leg; a stocking with a short leg.

3. A warm inner sole for a shoe. Simmonds.

Sock*dol"a*ger (?), n. [A corruption of doxology.] [Written also sockdologer.] 1. That which finishes or ends a matter; a settler; a poser, as a heavy blow, a conclusive answer, and the like. [Slang, U.S.]

2. (Angling) A combination of two hooks which close upon each other, by means of a spring, as soon as the fish bites. [U. S.]

Sock"et (?), n. [OE. soket, a dim. through OF. fr. L. soccus. See Sock a covering for the foot.] 1. An opening into which anything is fitted; any hollow thing or place which receives and holds something else; as, the sockets of the teeth.

His eyeballs in their hollow sockets sink.

Dryden.

2. Especially, the hollow tube or place in which a candle is fixed in the candlestick.

And in the sockets oily bubbles dance.

Dryden.

Socket bolt (Mach.), a bolt that passes through a thimble that is placed between the parts connected by the bolt. -- Socket chisel. Same as Framing chisel. See under Framing. -- Socket pipe, a pipe with an expansion at one end to receive the end of a connecting pipe. -- Socket pole, a pole armed with iron fixed on by means of a socket, and used to propel boats, etc. [U.S.] -- Socket wrench, a wrench consisting of a socket at the end of a shank or rod, for turning a nut, bolthead, etc., in a narrow or deep recess.

Sock"et*ed (?), a. Having a socket. Dawkins.

Sock"less, a. Destitute of socks or shoes. B. & Fl.

Sock"y (?), a. Wet; soaky. [Prov. Eng.]

So"cle (?), n. [F., fr. L. socculus, dim. of soccus. See Sock a covering for the foot. Cf. Zocco.] (Arch.) (a) A plain block or plinth forming a low pedestal; any base; especially, the base of a statue, column, or the like. See Plinth. (b) A plain face or plinth at the lower part of a wall. Oxf. Gloss.

Soc"man (?), n.; pl. Socmen (#). [See Socage.] (O. Eng. Law) One who holds lands or tenements by socage; a socager. Cowell.

Soc"man*ry (?), n. (O.E. Law) Tenure by socage.

Soc"ome (?), n. [AS. scen, scn, searching, or the right of searching, the lord's court. See Soc.] (O.Eng. Law) A custom of tenants to grind corn at the lord's mill. Cowell.

Soc"o*trine (?), a. Of or pertaining to Socotra, an island in the Indian Ocean, on the east coast of Africa. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Socotra.

{ So*crat"ic (?), So*crat"ic*al (?), } a. [L. Socraticus, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;.] Of or pertaining to Socrates, the Grecian sage and teacher. (b. c. 469-399), or to his manner of teaching and philosophizing.

The Socratic method of reasoning and instruction was by a series of questions leading the one to whom they were addressed to perceive and admit what was true or false in doctrine, or right or wrong in conduct.

So*crat"ic*al*ly, adv. In the Socratic method.

Soc"ra*tism (?), n. The philosophy or the method of Socrates.

Soc"ra*tist (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;.] A disciple or follower of Socrates.

Sod (?), n. (Zoöl.) The rock dove. [Prov. Eng.]

Sod, obs. imp. of Seethe.

Sod, n. [Akin to LG. sode, D. zode, OD. sode, soode, OFries. satha, and E. seethe. So named from its sodden state in wet weather. See Seethe.] That stratum of the surface of the soil which is filled with the roots of grass, or any portion of that surface; turf; sward.

She there shall dress a sweeter sod Than Fancy's feet have ever
trod.

Collins.

Sod, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sodden; p. pr. & vb. n. Sodding.] To cover with sod; to turf.

So"da (?), n. [It., soda, in OIt., ashes used in making glass, fr. L. solida, fem. of solidus solid; solida having probably been a name of glasswort. See Solid.] (Chem.) (a) Sodium oxide or hydroxide. (b) Popularly, sodium carbonate or bicarbonate.

Caustic soda, sodium hydroxide. -- Cooking soda, sodium bicarbonate. [Colloq.] -- Sal soda. See Sodium carbonate, under Sodium. -- Soda alum (Min.), a mineral consisting of the hydrous sulphate of alumina and soda. -- Soda ash, crude sodium carbonate; -- so called because formerly obtained from the ashes of sea plants and certain other plants, as saltwort (Salsola). See under Sodium. -- Soda fountain, an apparatus for drawing soda water, fitted with delivery tube, faucets, etc. -- Soda lye, a lye consisting essentially of a solution of sodium hydroxide, used in soap making. -- Soda niter. See Nitratine. -- Soda salts, salts having sodium for the base; specifically, sodium sulphate or Glauber's salts. -- Soda waste, the waste material, consisting chiefly of calcium hydroxide and sulphide, which accumulates as a useless residue or side product in the ordinary Leblanc process of soda manufacture; -- called also alkali waste. -- Soda water, originally, a beverage consisting of a weak solution of sodium bicarbonate, with some acid to cause effervescence; now, in common usage, a beverage consisting of water highly charged with carbon dioxide (carbonic acid). Fruit sirups, cream, etc., are usually added to give flavor. See Carbonic acid, under Carbonic. -- Washing soda, sodium carbonate. [Colloq.]

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So*da"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or containing, soda. "Sodaic powder." Ure.

So"da*lite (?), n. [Soda + - lite: cf. F. sodalithe.] (Min.) A mineral of a white to blue or gray color, occuring commonly in dodecahedrons, also massive. It is a silicate of alumina and soda with some chlorine.

So*dal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Sodalities (#). [L. sodalitas, fr. sodalis a comrade.] 1. A fellowship or fraternity; a brotherhood.

2. (R.C.Ch.) Specifically, a lay association for devotion or for charitable purposes.

Sod*am"ide (?), n. (Chem.) A greenish or reddish crystalline substance, NaNH2, obtained by passing ammonia over heated sodium.

Sod"den (?), a. [p. p. of Seethe.] Boiled; seethed; also, soaked; heavy with moisture; saturated; as, sodden beef; sodden bread; sodden fields.

Sod"den, v. i. To be seethed; to become sodden.

Sod"den, v. t. To soak; to make heavy with water.

Sod"den-wit`ted (?), a. Heavy; dull. Shak.

Sod"dy (?), a. [From Sod.] Consisting of sod; covered with sod; turfy. Cotgrave.

Sod"er (?), n. & v. t. See Solder.

So"dic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to sodium; containing sodium.

So"di*o- (?). (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the presence of sodium or one of its compounds.