Chapter III: Front Matter (3)

The gilden saloons in which the first magnates of the realm . . .
gave banquets and balls.

Macaulay.

2. Popularly, a public room for specific uses; esp., a barroom or grogshop; as, a drinking saloon; an eating saloon; a dancing saloon.

We hear of no hells, or low music halls, or low dancing saloons [at
Athens.]

J. P. Mahaffy.

Sa*loop" (s*lp"), n. An aromatic drink prepared from sassafras bark and other ingredients, at one time much used in London. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

Saloop bush (Bot.), an Australian shrub (Rhagodia hastata) of the Goosefoot family, used for fodder.

Salp (slp), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of Salpa, or of the family Salpidæ.

||Sal"pa (sl"p), n.; pl. L. Salpæ (-p), E. Salpas (-pz). [NL.: cf. L. ||salpa a kind of stockfish.] (Zoöl.) A genus of transparent, tubular, ||free-swimming oceanic tunicates found abundantly in all the warmer ||latitudes. See Illustration in Appendix.

Each species exists in two distinct forms, one of which lives solitary, and produces, by budding from an internal organ, a series of the other kind. These are united together, side by side, so as to form a chain, or cluster, often of large size. Each of the individuals composing the chain carries a single egg, which develops into the solitary kind.

{ Sal"pi*an (?), Sal"pid (?) }, n. (Zoöl.) A salpa.

Sal"pi*con (?), n. [F. salpicon, Sp. salpicon.] Chopped meat, bread, etc., used to stuff legs of veal or other joints; stuffing; farce. Bacon.

||Sal`pin*gi"tis (?), n. [NL. See Salpinx, and -itis.] (Med.) ||Inflammation of the salpinx.

||Sal"pinx (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;, &?;, a trumpet.] (Old Anat.) The ||Eustachian tube, or the Fallopian tube.

Sal"sa*fy (?), n. (Bot.) See Salsify.

Sal`sa*men*ta"ri*ous (?), a. [L. salsamentarius, fr. salsamentum brine, pickled fish, fr. salsus salted, p. p. of salire to salt.] Salt; salted; saline. [R.]

Salse (?), n. [F.] A mud volcano, the water of which is often impregnated with salts, whence the name.

Sal"si*fy (?; 277), n. [F. salsifis.] (Bot.) See Oyster plant (a), under Oyster.

Sal"so-ac`id (?), a. [L. salsus salted, salt + acidus acid.] Having a taste compounded of saltness and acidity; both salt and acid. [R.]

Sal`so"da (?), n. See Sal soda, under Sal.

||Sal"so*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. salsus salt, because they contain ||alkaline salts.] (Bot.) A genus of plants including the glasswort. ||See Glasswort.

sal*su"gi*nous (?), a. [L. salsugo, -ginis, saltness, from salsus salted, salt: cf. F. salsugineux.] (Bot.) Growing in brackish places or in salt marshes.

Salt (?), n. [AS. sealt; akin to OS. & OFries. salt, D. zout, G. salz, Icel., Sw., & Dan. salt, L. sal, Gr. &?;, Russ. sole, Ir. & Gael. salann, W. halen, of unknown origin. Cf. Sal, Salad, Salary, Saline, Sauce, Sausage.] 1. The chloride of sodium, a substance used for seasoning food, for the preservation of meat, etc. It is found native in the earth, and is also produced, by evaporation and crystallization, from sea water and other water impregnated with saline particles.

2. Hence, flavor; taste; savor; smack; seasoning.

Though we are justices and doctors and churchmen . . . we have some
salt of our youth in us.

Shak.

3. Hence, also, piquancy; wit; sense; as, Attic salt.

4. A dish for salt at table; a saltcellar.

I out and bought some things; among others, a dozen of silver
salts.

Pepys.

5. A sailor; -- usually qualified by old. [Colloq.]

Around the door are generally to be seen, laughing and gossiping,
clusters of old salts.

Hawthorne.

6. (Chem.) The neutral compound formed by the union of an acid and a base; thus, sulphuric acid and iron form the salt sulphate of iron or green vitriol.

Except in case of ammonium salts, accurately speaking, it is the acid radical which unites with the base or basic radical, with the elimination of hydrogen, of water, or of analogous compounds as side products. In the case of diacid and triacid bases, and of dibasic and tribasic acids, the mutual neutralization may vary in degree, producing respectively basic, neutral, or acid salts. See Phrases below.

7. Fig.: That which preserves from corruption or error; that which purifies; a corrective; an antiseptic; also, an allowance or deduction; as, his statements must be taken with a grain of salt.

Ye are the salt of the earth.

Matt. v. 13.

8. pl. Any mineral salt used as an aperient or cathartic, especially Epsom salts, Rochelle salt, or Glauber's salt.

9. pl. Marshes flooded by the tide. [Prov. Eng.]

Above the salt, Below the salt, phrases which have survived the old custom, in the houses of people of rank, of placing a large saltcellar near the middle of a long table, the places above which were assigned to the guests of distinction, and those below to dependents, inferiors, and poor relations. See Saltfoot.

His fashion is not to take knowledge of him that is beneath him in
clothes. He never drinks below the salt.

B. Jonson.

-- Acid salt (Chem.) (a) A salt derived from an acid which has several replaceable hydrogen atoms which are only partially exchanged for metallic atoms or basic radicals; as, acid potassium sulphate is an acid salt. (b) A salt, whatever its constitution, which merely gives an acid reaction; thus, copper sulphate, which is composed of a strong acid united with a weak base, is an acid salt in this sense, though theoretically it is a neutral salt. -- Alkaline salt (Chem.), a salt which gives an alkaline reaction, as sodium carbonate. -- Amphid salt (Old Chem.), a salt of the oxy type, formerly regarded as composed of two oxides, an acid and a basic oxide. [Obsolescent] -- Basic salt (Chem.) (a) A salt which contains more of the basic constituent than is required to neutralize the acid. (b) An alkaline salt. -- Binary salt (Chem.), a salt of the oxy type conveniently regarded as composed of two ingredients (analogously to a haloid salt), viz., a metal and an acid radical. -- Double salt (Chem.), a salt regarded as formed by the union of two distinct salts, as common alum, potassium aluminium sulphate. See under Double. -- Epsom salts. See in the Vocabulary. -- Essential salt (Old Chem.), a salt obtained by crystallizing plant juices. -- Ethereal salt. (Chem.) See under Ethereal. -- Glauber's salt or salts. See in Vocabulary. -- Haloid salt (Chem.), a simple salt of a halogen acid, as sodium chloride. -- Microcosmic salt. (Chem.). See under Microcosmic. -- Neutral salt. (Chem.) (a) A salt in which the acid and base (in theory) neutralize each other. (b) A salt which gives a neutral reaction. -- Oxy salt (Chem.), a salt derived from an oxygen acid. -- Per salt (Old Chem.), a salt supposed to be derived from a peroxide base or analogous compound. [Obs.] -- Permanent salt, a salt which undergoes no change on exposure to the air. -- Proto salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a protoxide base or analogous compound. -- Rochelle salt. See under Rochelle. -- Salt of amber (Old Chem.), succinic acid. -- Salt of colcothar (Old Chem.), green vitriol, or sulphate of iron. -- Salt of hartshorn. (Old Chem.) (a) Sal ammoniac, or ammonium chloride. (b) Ammonium carbonate. Cf. Spirit of hartshorn, under Hartshorn. -- Salt of lemons. (Chem.) See Salt of sorrel, below. -- Salt of Saturn (Old Chem.), sugar of lead; lead acetate; -- the alchemical name of lead being Saturn. -- Salt of Seignette. Same as Rochelle salt. -- Salt of soda (Old Chem.), sodium carbonate. -- Salt of sorrel (Old Chem.), acid potassium oxalate, or potassium quadroxalate, used as a solvent for ink stains; -- so called because found in the sorrel, or Oxalis. Also sometimes inaccurately called salt of lemon. -- Salt of tartar (Old Chem.), potassium carbonate; -- so called because formerly made by heating cream of tartar, or potassium tartrate. [Obs.] -- Salt of Venus (Old Chem.), blue vitriol; copper sulphate; -- the alchemical name of copper being Venus. -- Salt of wisdom. See Alembroth. -- Sedative salt (Old Med. Chem.), boric acid. -- Sesqui salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a sesquioxide base or analogous compound. -- Spirit of salt. (Chem.) See under Spirit. -- Sulpho salt (Chem.), a salt analogous to an oxy salt, but containing sulphur in place of oxygen.

Salt (?), a. [Compar. Salter (?); superl. Saltest.] [AS. sealt, salt. See Salt, n.] 1. Of or relating to salt; abounding in, or containing, salt; prepared or preserved with, or tasting of, salt; salted; as, salt beef; salt water. "Salt tears." Chaucer.

2. Overflowed with, or growing in, salt water; as, a salt marsh; salt grass.

3. Fig.: Bitter; sharp; pungent.

I have a salt and sorry rheum offends me.

Shak.

4. Fig.: Salacious; lecherous; lustful. Shak.

Salt acid (Chem.), hydrochloric acid. -- Salt block, an apparatus for evaporating brine; a salt factory. Knight. -- Salt bottom, a flat piece of ground covered with saline efflorescences. [Western U.S.] Bartlett. -- Salt cake (Chem.), the white caked mass, consisting of sodium sulphate, which is obtained as the product of the first stage in the manufacture of soda, according to Leblanc's process. -- Salt fish. (a) Salted fish, especially cod, haddock, and similar fishes that have been salted and dried for food. (b) A marine fish. -- Salt garden, an arrangement for the natural evaporation of sea water for the production of salt, employing large shallow basins excavated near the seashore. -- Salt gauge, an instrument used to test the strength of brine; a salimeter. -- Salt horse, salted beef. [Slang] -- Salt junk, hard salt beef for use at sea. [Slang] -- Salt lick. See Lick, n. -- Salt marsh, grass land subject to the overflow of salt water. -- Salt-marsh caterpillar (Zoöl.), an American bombycid moth (Spilosoma acræa which is very destructive to the salt-marsh grasses and to other crops. Called also woolly bear. See Illust. under Moth, Pupa, and Woolly bear, under Woolly. -- Salt-marsh fleabane (Bot.), a strong-scented composite herb (Pluchea camphorata) with rayless purplish heads, growing in salt marshes. -- Salt-marsh hen (Zoöl.), the clapper rail. See under Rail. -- Salt- marsh terrapin (Zoöl.), the diamond- back. -- Salt mine, a mine where rock salt is obtained. -- Salt pan. (a) A large pan used for making salt by evaporation; also, a shallow basin in the ground where salt water is evaporated by the heat of the sun. (b) pl. Salt works. -- Salt pit, a pit where salt is obtained or made. -- Salt rising, a kind of yeast in which common salt is a principal ingredient. [U.S.] -- Salt raker, one who collects salt in natural salt ponds, or inclosures from the sea. -- Salt sedative (Chem.), boracic acid. [Obs.] -- Salt spring, a spring of salt water. -- Salt tree (Bot.), a small leguminous tree (Halimodendron argenteum) growing in the salt plains of the Caspian region and in Siberia. -- Salt water, water impregnated with salt, as that of the ocean and of certain seas and lakes; sometimes, also, tears.

Mine eyes are full of tears, I can not see; And yet salt water
blinds them not so much But they can see a sort of traitors here.

Shak.

-- Salt-water sailor, an ocean mariner. -- Salt-water tailor. (Zoöl.) See Bluefish.

Salt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salted; p. pr. & vb. n. Salting.] 1. To sprinkle, impregnate, or season with salt; to preserve with salt or in brine; to supply with salt; as, to salt fish, beef, or pork; to salt cattle.

2. To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, as a ship, for the preservation of the timber.

To salt a mine, to artfully deposit minerals in a mine in order to deceive purchasers regarding its value. [Cant] -- To salt away, To salt down, to prepare with, or pack in, salt for preserving, as meat, eggs, etc.; hence, colloquially, to save, lay up, or invest sagely, as money.

Salt (?), v. i. To deposit salt as a saline solution; as, the brine begins to salt.

Salt (?), n. [L. saltus, fr. salire to leap.] The act of leaping or jumping; a leap. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Sal"tant (?), a. [L. saltans, p. pr. of saltare to dance, v. intens. fr. salire to leap: cf. F. sautant. See Sally, v.] 1. Leaping; jumping; dancing.

2. (Her.) In a leaping position; springing forward; -- applied especially to the squirrel, weasel, and rat, also to the cat, greyhound, monkey, etc.

||Sal`ta*rel"la (?), n. See Saltarello.

||Sal`ta*rel"lo (?), n. [It., fr. L. saltare to jump.] A popular ||Italian dance in quick 3-4 or 6-8 time, running mostly in triplets, ||but with a hop step at the beginning of each measure. See Tarantella.

Sal"tate (?), v. i. [See Saltant.] To leap or dance. [R.]

Sal*ta"tion (?), n. [L. saltatio: cf. F. saltation.] 1. A leaping or jumping.

Continued his saltation without pause.

Sir W. Scott.

2. Beating or palpitation; as, the saltation of the great artery.

3. (Biol.) An abrupt and marked variation in the condition or appearance of a species; a sudden modification which may give rise to new races.

We greatly suspect that nature does make considerable jumps in the
way of variation now and then, and that these saltations give rise
to some of the gaps which appear to exist in the series of known
forms.

Huxley.

||Sal`ta*to"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A division of Orthoptera ||including grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets.

Sal`ta*to"ri*al (?), a. 1. Relating to leaping; saltatory; as, saltatorial exercises.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) Same as Saltatorious. (b) Of or pertaining to the Saltatoria.

Sal`ta*to"ri*ous (?), a. Capable of leaping; formed for leaping; saltatory; as, a saltatorious insect or leg.

Sal"ta*to"ry (?), a. [L. saltatorius. See Saltant, and cf. Saltire.] Leaping or dancing; having the power of, or used in, leaping or dancing.

Saltatory evolution (Biol.), a theory of evolution which holds that the transmutation of species is not always gradual, but that there may come sudden and marked variations. See Saltation. -- Saltatory spasm (Med.), an affection in which pressure of the foot on a floor causes the patient to spring into the air, so as to make repeated involuntary motions of hopping and jumping. J. Ross.

Salt"bush` (?), n. (Bot.) An Australian plant (Atriplex nummularia) of the Goosefoot family.

Salt"cat` (?), n. A mixture of salt, coarse meal, lime, etc., attractive to pigeons.

Salt"cel*lar (?), n. [OE. saltsaler; salt + F. salière saltcellar, from L. sal salt. See Salt, and cf. Salary.] Formerly a large vessel, now a small vessel of glass or other material, used for holding salt on the table.

Salt"er (?), n. One who makes, sells, or applies salt; one who salts meat or fish.

Salt"ern (?), n. A building or place where salt is made by boiling or by evaporation; salt works.

Salt"foot` (?), n. A large saltcellar formerly placed near the center of the table. The superior guests were seated above the saltfoot.

Salt"-green (?), a. Sea-green in color. Shak.

Salt"ie (?), n. (Zoöl.) The European dab.

Sal"tier (?), n. See Saltire.

||Sal`ti*gra"dæ (?), n. pl. [NL. See Saltigrade.] (Zoöl.) A tribe of ||spiders including those which lie in wait and leap upon their prey; ||the leaping spiders.

Sal"ti*grade (?), a. [L. saltus a leap + gradi to walk, go: cf. F. saltigrade.] (Zoöl.) Having feet or legs formed for leaping.

Sal"ti*grade, n. (Zoöl.) One of the Saltigradæ, a tribe of spiders which leap to seize their prey.

Sal`tim*ban"co (?), n. [It., literally, one who leaps or mounts upon a bench; saltare to leap + in in, upon + banco a bench.] A mountebank; a quack. [Obs.] [Written also santinbanco.]

Saltimbancos, quacksalvers, and charlatans.

Sir T. Browne.

Salt"ing (?), n. 1. The act of sprinkling, impregnating, or furnishing, with salt.

2. A salt marsh.

Sal"tire (?), n. [F. sautoir, fr. LL. saltatorium a sort of stirrup, fr. L. saltatorius saltatory. See Saltatory, Sally, v.] (Her.) A St. Andrew's cross, or cross in the form of an X, -- one of the honorable ordinaries.

Sal"tire*wise` (?), adv. (Her.) In the manner of a saltire; -- said especially of the blazoning of a shield divided by two lines drawn in the direction of a bend and a bend sinister, and crossing at the center.

Salt"ish (?), a. Somewhat salt. -- Salt"ish*ly, adv. -- Salt"ish*ness, n.

Salt"less, a. Destitute of salt; insipid.

Salt"ly, adv. With taste of salt; in a salt manner.

Salt"mouth` (?), n. A wide-mouthed bottle with glass stopper for holding chemicals, especially crystallized salts.

Salt"ness (?), n. The quality or state of being salt, or state of being salt, or impregnated with salt; salt taste; as, the saltness of sea water.

{ Salt`pe"ter, Salt`pe"tre }, (&?;), n. [F. salpêtre, NL. sal petrae, literally, rock salt, or stone salt; so called because it exudes from rocks or walls. See Salt, and Petrify.] (Chem.) Potassium nitrate; niter; a white crystalline substance, KNO3, having a cooling saline taste, obtained by leaching from certain soils in which it is produced by the process of nitrification (see Nitrification, 2). It is a strong oxidizer, is the chief constituent of gunpowder, and is also used as an antiseptic in curing meat, and in medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and refrigerant.

Chili salpeter (Chem.), sodium nitrate (distinguished from potassium nitrate, or true salpeter), a white crystalline substance, NaNO3, having a cooling, saline, slightly bitter taste. It is obtained by leaching the soil of the rainless districts of Chili and Peru. It is deliquescent and cannot be used in gunpowder, but is employed in the production of nitric acid. Called also cubic niter. -- Saltpeter acid (Chem.), nitric acid; -- sometimes so called because made from saltpeter.

Salt`pe"trous (?), a. [Cf. F. salpêtreux.] Pertaining to saltpeter, or partaking of its qualities; impregnated with saltpeter. [Obs.]

Salt" rheum (?). (Med.) A popular name, esp. in the United States, for various cutaneous eruptions, particularly for those of eczema. See Eczema.

Salt"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several plants which grow on the seashore, as the Batis maritima, and the glasswort. See Glasswort.

Black saltwort, the sea milkwort.

Salt"y (?), a. Somewhat salt; saltish.

Sa*lu"bri*ous (?), a. [L. salubris, or saluber, fr. salus health; akin to salvus safe, sound, well. See Safe.] Favorable to health; healthful; promoting health; as, salubrious air, water, or climate.

Syn. -- Healthful; wholesome; healthy; salutary.

-- Sa-lu"bri*ous*ly, adv. -- Sa*lu"bri*ous*ness, n.

Sa*lu"bri*ty (?), n. [L. salubritas: cf. F. salubrité See Salubrious.] The quality of being salubrious; favorableness to the preservation of health; salubriousness; wholesomeness; healthfulness; as, the salubrity of the air, of a country, or a climate. "A sweet, dry smell of salubrity." G. W. Cable.

Sa*lue" (?), v. t. [F. saluer. See Salute.] To salute. [Obs.]

There was no "good day" and no saluyng.

Chaucer.

Sal"u*ta*ry (?), a. [L. salutaris, from salus, -utis, health, safety: cf. F. salutaire. See Salubrious.] 1. Wholesome; healthful; promoting health; as, salutary exercise.

2. Promotive of, or contributing to, some beneficial purpose; beneficial; advantageous; as, a salutary design.

Syn. -- Wholesome; healthful; salubrious; beneficial; useful; advantageous; profitable.

-- Sal"u*ta*ri*ly (#), adv. -- Sal"u*ta*ri*ness, n.

Sal`u*ta"tion (?), n. [L. salutatio: cf. F. salutation. See Salute.] The act of saluting, or paying respect or reverence, by the customary words or actions; the act of greeting, or expressing good will or courtesy; also, that which is uttered or done in saluting or greeting.

In all public meetings or private addresses, use those forms of
salutation, reverence, and decency usual amongst the most sober
persons.

Jer. Taylor.

Syn. -- Greeting; salute; address. -- Salutation, Greeting, Salute. Greeting is the general word for all manner of expressions of recognition, agreeable or otherwise, made when persons meet or communicate with each other. A greeting may be hearty and loving, chilling and offensive, or merely formal, as in the opening sentence of legal documents. Salutation more definitely implies a wishing well, and is used of expressions at parting as well as at meeting. It is used especially of uttered expressions of good will. Salute, while formerly and sometimes still in the sense of either greeting or salutation, is now used specifically to denote a conventional demonstration not expressed in words. The guests received a greeting which relieved their embarrassment, offered their salutations in well-chosen terms, and when they retired, as when they entered, made a deferential salute.

Woe unto you, Pharisees! for ye love the uppermost seats in the
synagogues, and greetings in the markets.

Luke xi. 43.

When Elisabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the babe leaped in her
womb.

Luke i. 41.

I shall not trouble my reader with the first salutes of our three
friends.

Addison.

Sa*lu`ta*to"ri*an (?), n. The student who pronounces the salutatory oration at the annual Commencement or like exercises of a college, -- an honor commonly assigned to that member of the graduating class who ranks second in scholarship. [U.S.]

Sa*lu"ta*to*ri*ly (?), adv. By way of salutation.

Sa*lu"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. salutatorius. See Salute.] Containing or expressing salutations; speaking a welcome; greeting; -- applied especially to the oration which introduces the exercises of the Commencements, or similar public exhibitions, in American colleges.

Sa*lu"ta*to*ry, n. 1. A place for saluting or greeting; a vestibule; a porch. [Obs.] Milton.

2. (American Colleges) The salutatory oration.

Sa*lute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saluted; p. pr. & vb. n. Saluting.] [L. salutare, salutatum, from salus, -utis, health, safety. See Salubrious.] 1. To address, as with expressions of kind wishes and courtesy; to greet; to hail.

I salute you with this kingly title.

Shak.

2. Hence, to give a sign of good will; to compliment by an act or ceremony, as a kiss, a bow, etc.

You have the prettiest tip of a finger . . . I must take the
freedom to salute it.

Addison.

3. (Mil. & Naval) To honor, as some day, person, or nation, by a discharge of cannon or small arms, by dipping colors, by cheers, etc.

4. To promote the welfare and safety of; to benefit; to gratify. [Obs.] "If this salute my blood a jot." Shak.

Sa*lute" (?), n. [Cf. F. salut. See Salute, v.] 1. The act of saluting, or expressing kind wishes or respect; salutation; greeting.

2. A sign, token, or ceremony, expressing good will, compliment, or respect, as a kiss, a bow, etc. Tennyson.

3. (Mil. & Naval) A token of respect or honor for some distinguished or official personage, for a foreign vessel or flag, or for some festival or event, as by presenting arms, by a discharge of cannon, volleys of small arms, dipping the colors or the topsails, etc.

Sa*lut"er (?), n. One who salutes.

Sal`u*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. salutifer; salus, -utis, health + ferre to bring.] Bringing health; healthy; salutary; beneficial; as, salutiferous air. [R.]

Innumerable powers, all of them salutiferous.

Cudworth.

Syn. -- Healthful; healthy; salutary; salubrious.

Sal`u*tif"er*ous*ly, adv. Salutarily. [R.]

Sal`va*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or condition of being salvable; salvableness. [R.]

In the Latin scheme of redemption, salvability was not possible
outside the communion of the visible organization.

A. V. G. Allen.

Sal"va*ble (?), a. [L. salvare to save, from salvus safe. Cf. Savable.] Capable of being saved; admitting of salvation. Dr. H. More.

-- Sal"va*ble*ness, n. -- Sal"va*bly, adv.

Sal"vage (?; 48), n. [F. salvage, OF. salver to save, F. sauver, fr. L. salvare. See Save.] 1. The act of saving a vessel, goods, or life, from perils of the sea.

Salvage of life from a British ship, or a foreign ship in British
waters, ranks before salvage of goods.

Encyc. Brit.

2. (Maritime Law) (a) The compensation allowed to persons who voluntarily assist in saving a ship or her cargo from peril. (b) That part of the property that survives the peril and is saved. Kent. Abbot.

Sal"vage, a. & n. Savage. [Obs.] Spenser.

Sal*va"tion (?), n. [OE. salvacioun, sauvacion, F. salvation, fr. L. salvatio, fr. salvare to save. See Save.] 1. The act of saving; preservation or deliverance from destruction, danger, or great calamity.

2. (Theol.) The redemption of man from the bondage of sin and liability to eternal death, and the conferring on him of everlasting happiness.

To earn salvation for the sons of men.

Milton.

Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation.

2. Cor. vii. 10.

3. Saving power; that which saves.

Fear ye not; stand still, and see the salvation of the Lord, which
he will show to you to-day.

Ex. xiv. 13.

Salvation Army, an organization for prosecuting the work of Christian evangelization, especially among the degraded populations of cities. It is virtually a new sect founded in London in 1861 by William Booth. The evangelists, male and female, have military titles according to rank, that of the chief being "General." They wear a uniform, and in their phraseology and mode of work adopt a quasi military style.

Sal*va"tion*ist, n. An evangelist, a member, or a recruit, of the Salvation Army.

Sal"va*to*ry (?), n. [LL. salvatorium, fr. salvare to save.] A place where things are preserved; a repository. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

||Sal"ve (?), interj. [L., hail, God save you, imperat. of salvere to ||be well. Cf. Salvo a volley.] Hail!

Sal"ve (? or ?), v. t. To say "Salve" to; to greet; to salute. [Obs.]

By this that stranger knight in presence came, And goodly salved
them.

Spenser.

Salve (?; 277), n. [AS. sealf ointment; akin to LG. salwe, D. zalve, zalf, OHG. salba, Dan. salve, Sw. salfva, Goth. salbn to anoint, and probably to Gr. (Hesychius) &?; oil, &?; butter, Skr. sarpis clarified butter. √155, 291.] 1. An adhesive composition or substance to be applied to wounds or sores; a healing ointment. Chaucer.

2. A soothing remedy or antidote.

Counsel or consolation we may bring. Salve to thy sores.

Milton.

Salve bug (Zoöl.), a large, stout isopod crustacean (Æga psora), parasitic on the halibut and codfish, -- used by fishermen in the preparation of a salve. It becomes about two inches in length.

Salve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Salved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Salving.] [AS. sealfian to anoint. See Salve, n.] 1. To heal by applications or medicaments; to cure by remedial treatment; to apply salve to; as, to salve a wound. Shak.

2. To heal; to remedy; to cure; to make good; to soothe, as with an ointment, especially by some device, trick, or quibble; to gloss over.

But Ebranck salved both their infamies With noble deeds.

Spenser.

What may we do, then, to salve this seeming inconsistence?

Milton.

Salve (?), v. t. & i. [See Salvage] To save, as a ship or goods, from the perils of the sea. [Recent]

Salv"er (?), n. One who salves, or uses salve as a remedy; hence, a quacksalver, or quack. [Obs.]

Sal"ver (?), n. [Cf. Salvage.] A salvor. Skeat.

Sal"ver (?), n. [Sp. salva pregustation, the tasting of viands before they are served, salver, fr. salvar to save, to taste, to prove the food or drink of nobles, from L. salvare to save. See Save.] A tray or waiter on which anything is presented.

Sal"ver-shaped` (?), a. (Bot.) Tubular, with a spreading border. See Hypocraterimorphous.

||Sal"vi*a (?), n. [L., sage.] (Bot.) A genus of plants including the ||sage. See Sage.

Sal*vif"ic (?), a. [L. salficus saving; salvus saved, safe + facere to make.] Tending to save or secure safety. [Obs.]

Sal"vo (?), n.; pl. Salvos (#). [L. salvo jure, literally, the right being reserved. See Safe.] An exception; a reservation; an excuse.

They admit many salvos, cautions, and reservations.

Eikon Basilike.

Sal"vo, n. [F. salve a discharge of heavy cannon, a volley, L. salve hail, imperat. of salvere to be well, akin to salvus well. See Safe.] 1. (Mil.) A concentrated fire from pieces of artillery, as in endeavoring to make a break in a fortification; a volley.

2. A salute paid by a simultaneous, or nearly simultaneous, firing of a number of cannon.

Sal"vor (?), n. [See Salvation, Save] (Law) One who assists in saving a ship or goods at sea, without being under special obligation to do so. Wheaton.

Sam (?), adv. [AS. same. See Same, a.] Together. [Obs.] "All in that city sam." Spenser.

Sa*ma"ra (? or ?), n. [L. samara, samera, the seed of the elm.] (Bot.) A dry, indehiscent, usually one-seeded, winged fruit, as that of the ash, maple, and elm; a key or key fruit.

Sam"are (?), n. See Simar.

Sa*mar"i*tan (?), a. [L. Samaritanus.] Of or pertaining to Samaria, in Palestine. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Samaria; also, the language of Samaria.

Sa*ma"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. E. samarskite.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of doubtful identity.

Samarium was discovered, by means of spectrum analysis, in certain minerals (samarskite, cerite, etc.), in which it is associated with other elements of the earthy group. It has been confounded with the doubtful elements decipium, philippium, etc., and is possibly a complex mixture of elements not as yet clearly identified. Symbol Sm. Provisional atomic weight 150.2.

Sam"a*roid (?; 277), a. [Samara + -oid.] (Bot.) Resembling a samara, or winged seed vessel.

Sa*mar"ra (?), n. See Simar.

Sa*mar"skite (?), a. [After Samarski, a Russian.] (Min.) A rare mineral having a velvet-black color and submetallic luster. It is a niobate of uranium, iron, and the yttrium and cerium metals.

Sam"bo, n. [Sp. zambo, sambo.] A colloquial or humorous appellation for a negro; sometimes, the offspring of a black person and a mulatto; a zambo.

Sam"boo (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Sambur.

||Sam*bu"cus (?), n. [L., an elder tree.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs and ||trees; the elder.

Sam"buke (?), n. [L. sambuca, Gr. &?;.] (Mus.) An ancient stringed instrument used by the Greeks, the particular construction of which is unknown.

Sam"bur (?), n. [Hind. smbar, sbar.] (Zoöl.) An East Indian deer (Rusa Aristotelis) having a mane on its neck. Its antlers have but three prongs. Called also gerow. The name is applied to other species of the genus Rusa, as the Bornean sambur (R. equina).

Same (?), a. [AS. same, adv.; akin to OS. sama, samo, adv., OHG. sam, a., sama, adv., Icel. samr, a., Sw. samme, samma, Dan. samme, Goth. sama, Russ. samuii, Gr. &?;, Skr. sama, Gr. &?; like, L. simul at the same time, similis like, and E. some, a., -some. √191. Cf. Anomalous, Assemble, Homeopathy, Homily, Seem, v. i., Semi-, Similar, Some.] 1. Not different or other; not another or others; identical; unchanged.

Thou art the same, and thy years shall have no end.

Ps. cii. 27.

2. Of like kind, species, sort, dimensions, or the like; not differing in character or in the quality or qualities compared; corresponding; not discordant; similar; like.

The ethereal vigor is in all the same.

Dryden.

3. Just mentioned, or just about to be mentioned.

What ye know, the same do I know.

Job. xiii. 2.

Do but think how well the same he spends, Who spends his blood his
country to relieve.

Daniel.

Same is commonly preceded by the, this, or that and is often used substantively as in the citations above. In a comparative use it is followed by as or with.

Bees like the same odors as we do.

Lubbock.

[He] held the same political opinions with his illustrious friend.

Macaulay.

Same"li*ness (?), n. Sameness, 2. [R.] Bayne.

Same"ness, n. 1. The state of being the same; identity; absence of difference; near resemblance; correspondence; similarity; as, a sameness of person, of manner, of sound, of appearance, and the like. "A sameness of the terms." Bp. Horsley.

2. Hence, want of variety; tedious monotony.

Syn. -- Identity; identicalness; oneness.

Sa*mette" (?), n. See Samite. [Obs.]

Sa"mi*an (?), a. [L. Samius.] Of or pertaining to the island of Samos.

Fill high the cup with Samian wine.

Byron.

Samian earth, a species of clay from Samos, formerly used in medicine as an astringent.

Sa"mi*an, n. A native or inhabitant of Samos.

Sa"mi*el (?; 277), n. [Turk. sam- yeli; Ar. samm poison + Turk. yel wind. Cf. Simoom.] A hot and destructive wind that sometimes blows, in Turkey, from the desert. It is identical with the simoom of Arabia and the kamsin of Syria.

Sa"mi*ot (?), a. & n. [Cf. F. samiote.] Samian.

Sa"mite (?), a. [OF. samit, LL. samitum, examitum, from LGr. &?;, &?; woven with six threads; Gr. &?; six + &?; a thread. See Six, and cf. Dimity.] A species of silk stuff, or taffeta, generally interwoven with gold. Tennyson.

In silken samite she was light arrayed.

Spenser.

Sam"let (?), n. [Cf. Salmonet.] The parr.

Sam"mi*er (?), n. A machine for pressing the water from skins in tanning. Knight.

Sa*mo"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Samoan Islands (formerly called Navigators' Islands) in the South Pacific Ocean, or their inhabitants. -- n. An inhabitant of the Samoan Islands.

||Sa"mo*var (?), n. [Russ. samovar'.] A metal urn used in Russia for ||making tea. It is filled with water, which is heated by charcoal ||placed in a pipe, with chimney attached, which passes through the ||urn.

Sam`oy*edes" (?), n. pl.; sing. Samoyede (&?;). (Ethnol.) An ignorant and degraded Turanian tribe which occupies a portion of Northern Russia and a part of Siberia.

Samp (?), n. [From American Indian spac, saupac, made soft, or thinned.] An article of food consisting of maize broken or bruised, which is cooked by boiling, and usually eaten with milk; coarse hominy.

||Sam"pan (?), n. (Naut.) A Chinese boat from twelve to fifteen feet ||long, covered with a house, and sometimes used as a permanent ||habitation on the inland waters. [Written also sanpan.]

Sam"phire (? or ?; 277), n. [F. l'herbe de Saint Pierre. See Saint, and Petrel.] (Bot.) (a) A fleshy, suffrutescent, umbelliferous European plant (Crithmum maritimum). It grows among rocks and on cliffs along the seacoast, and is used for pickles.

Hangs one that gathers samphire, dreadful trade!

Shak.

(b) The species of glasswort (Salicornia herbacea); -- called in England marsh samphire. (c) A seashore shrub (Borrichia arborescens) of the West Indies.

Golden samphire. See under Golden.

Sam"ple (?), n. [OE. sample, asaumple, OF. essample, example, fr. L. exemplum. See Example, and cf. Ensample, Sampler.] 1. Example; pattern. [Obs.] Spenser. "A sample to the youngest." Shak.

Thus he concludes, and every hardy knight His sample followed.

Fairfax.

2. A part of anything presented for inspection, or shown as evidence of the quality of the whole; a specimen; as, goods are often purchased by samples.

I design this but for a sample of what I hope more fully to
discuss.

Woodward.

Syn. -- Specimen; example. See Specimen.

Sam"ple, v. t. 1. To make or show something similar to; to match. Bp. Hall.

2. To take or to test a sample or samples of; as, to sample sugar, teas, wools, cloths.

Sam"pler (?), n. [See Exampler, Exemplar.] 1. One who makes up samples for inspection; one who examines samples, or by samples; as, a wool sampler.

2. A pattern; a specimen; especially, a collection of needlework patterns, as letters, borders, etc., to be used as samples, or to display the skill of the worker.

Susie dear, bring your sampler and Mrs. Schumann will show you how
to make that W you bothered over.

E. E. Hale.

||Sam"shoo, Sam"shu (&?;), n. [Chinese san-shao thrice fired.] A ||spirituous liquor distilled by the Chinese from the yeasty liquor in ||which boiled rice has fermented under pressure. S. W. Williams.

Sam"son (?), n. An Israelite of Bible record (see Judges xiii.), distinguished for his great strength; hence, a man of extraordinary physical strength.

Samson post. (a) (Naut.) A strong post resting on the keelson, and supporting a beam of the deck; also, a temporary or movable pillar carrying a leading block or pulley for various purposes. Brande & C. (b) In deep-well boring, the post which supports the walking beam of the apparatus.

San`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being sanable; sanableness; curableness.

San"a*ble (?), a. [L. sanabilis, fr. sanare to heal, fr. sanus sound, healthy. See Sane.] Capable of being healed or cured; susceptible of remedy.

Syn. -- Remediable; curable; healable.

San"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being sanable.

Sa*na"tion (?), n. [L. sanatio. See Sanable.] The act of healing or curing. [Obs.] Wiseman.

San"a*tive (?), a. [LL. sanativus.] Having the power to cure or heal; healing; tending to heal; sanatory. -- San"a*tive*ness, n.

San`a*to"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Sanatory.] An establishment for the treatment of the sick; a resort for invalids. See Sanitarium.

San"a*to*ry (?), a. [LL. sanatorius, fr. L. sanare to heal. See Sanable.] Conducive to health; tending to cure; healing; curative; sanative.

Sanatory ordinances for the protection of public health, such as
quarantine, fever hospitals, draining, etc.

De Quincey.

Sanatory and sanitary should not be confounded. Sanatory signifies conducive to health, while sanitary has the more general meaning of pertaining to health.

||San`be*ni"to (?), n. [Sp. & Pg. sambenito, contr. from L. saccus sack ||+ benedictus blessed.] 1. Anciently, a sackcloth coat worn by ||penitents on being reconciled to the church.

2. A garnment or cap, or sometimes both, painted with flames, figures, etc., and worn by persons who had been examined by the Inquisition and were brought forth for punishment at the auto-da-fé.

{ Sance"-bell` (?), Sanc"te bell` (?) }, n. See Sanctus bell, under Sanctus.

Sanc"ti*fi*cate (?), v. t. [L. sanctificatus, p. p. of sanctificare.] To sanctify. [Obs.] Barrow.

Sanc`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. sanctificatio: cf. F. sanctification.] 1. The act of sanctifying or making holy; the state of being sanctified or made holy; esp. (Theol.), the act of God's grace by which the affections of men are purified, or alienated from sin and the world, and exalted to a supreme love to God; also, the state of being thus purified or sanctified.

God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation through
sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth.

2 Thess. ii. 13.

2. The act of consecrating, or of setting apart for a sacred purpose; consecration. Bp. Burnet.

Sanc"ti*fied (?), a. Made holy; also, made to have the air of sanctity; sanctimonious.

Sanc"ti*fi`er (?), n. One who sanctifies, or makes holy; specifically, the Holy Spirit.

Sanc"ti*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanctified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sanctifying (?).] [F. sanctifier, L. sanctificare; sanctus holy + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Saint, and -fy.] 1. To make sacred or holy; to set apart to a holy or religious use; to consecrate by appropriate rites; to hallow.

God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it.

Gen. ii. 3.

Moses . . . sanctified Aaron and his garments.

Lev. viii. 30.

2. To make free from sin; to cleanse from moral corruption and pollution; to purify.

Sanctify them through thy truth.

John xvii. 17.

3. To make efficient as the means of holiness; to render productive of holiness or piety.

A means which his mercy hath sanctified so to me as to make me
repent of that unjust act.

Eikon Basilike.

4. To impart or impute sacredness, venerableness, inviolability, title to reverence and respect, or the like, to; to secure from violation; to give sanction to.

The holy man, amazed at what he saw, Made haste to sanctify the
bliss by law.

Dryden.

Truth guards the poet, sanctifies the line.

Pope.

Sanc"ti*fy`ing*ly (?), adv. In a manner or degree tending to sanctify or make holy.

Sanc*til"o*quent (?), a. [L. sanctus holy + loquens, p. pr. of loqui to speak.] Discoursing on heavenly or holy things, or in a holy manner.

Sanc`ti*mo"ni*al (?), a. [Cf. LL. sanctimonialis. ] Sanctimonious. [Obs.]

Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [See Sanctimony.] 1. Possessing sanctimony; holy; sacred; saintly. Shak.

2. Making a show of sanctity; affecting saintliness; hypocritically devout or pious. "Like the sanctimonious pirate." Shak.

-- Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Sanc`ti*mo"ni*ous*ness, n.

Sanc"ti*mo*ny (?), n. [L. sanctimonia, fr. sanctus holy: cf. OF. sanctimonie. See Saint.] Holiness; devoutness; scrupulous austerity; sanctity; especially, outward or artificial saintliness; assumed or pretended holiness; hypocritical devoutness.

Her pretense is a pilgrimage; . . . which holy undertaking with
most austere sanctimony she accomplished.

Shak.

Sanc"tion (?), n. [L. sanctio, from sancire, sanctum to render sacred or inviolable, to fix unalterably: cf. F. sanction. See Saint.] 1. Solemn or ceremonious ratification; an official act of a superior by which he ratifies and gives validity to the act of some other person or body; establishment or furtherance of anything by giving authority to it; confirmation; approbation.

The strictest professors of reason have added the sanction of their
testimony.

I. Watts.

2. Anything done or said to enforce the will, law, or authority of another; as, legal sanctions.

Syn. -- Ratification; authorization; authority; countenance; support.

Sanc"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanctioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sanctioning.] To give sanction to; to ratify; to confirm; to approve.

Would have counseled, or even sanctioned, such perilous
experiments.

De Quincey.

Syn. -- To ratify; confirm; authorize; countenance.

Sanc"tion*a*ry (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or giving, sanction.

Sanc"ti*tude (?), n. [L. sanctitudo.] Holiness; sacredness; sanctity. [R.] Milton.

Sanc"ti*ty (?), n.; pl. Sanctities (#). [L. sanctitas, from sanctus holy. See Saint.] 1. The state or quality of being sacred or holy; holiness; saintliness; moral purity; godliness.

To sanctity she made no pretense, and, indeed, narrowly escaped the
imputation of irreligion.

Macaulay.

2. Sacredness; solemnity; inviolability; religious binding force; as, the sanctity of an oath.

3. A saint or holy being. [R.]

About him all the sanctities of heaven.

Milton.

Syn. -- Holiness; godliness; piety; devotion; goodness; purity; religiousness; sacredness; solemnity. See the Note under Religion.

Sanc"tu*a*rize (?), v. t. To shelter by means of a sanctuary or sacred privileges. [Obs.] Shak.

Sanc"tu*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Sanctuaries (#). [OE. seintuarie, OF. saintuaire, F. sanctuaire, fr. L. sanctuarium, from sanctus sacred, holy. See Saint.] A sacred place; a consecrated spot; a holy and inviolable site. Hence, specifically: (a) The most retired part of the temple at Jerusalem, called the Holy of Holies, in which was kept the ark of the covenant, and into which no person was permitted to enter except the high priest, and he only once a year, to intercede for the people; also, the most sacred part of the tabernacle; also, the temple at Jerusalem. (b) (Arch.) The most sacred part of any religious building, esp. that part of a Christian church in which the altar is placed. (c) A house consecrated to the worship of God; a place where divine service is performed; a church, temple, or other place of worship. (d) A sacred and inviolable asylum; a place of refuge and protection; shelter; refuge; protection.

These laws, whoever made them, bestowed on temples the privilege of
sanctuary.

Milton.

The admirable works of painting were made fuel for the fire; but
some relics of it took sanctuary under ground, and escaped the
common destiny.

Dryden.

Sanc"tum (?), n. [L., p. p. of sancire to consecrate.] A sacred place; hence, a place of retreat; a room reserved for personal use; as, an editor's sanctum.

||Sanctum sanctorum [L.], the Holy of Holies; the most holy place, as ||in the Jewish temple.

Sanc"tus (?), n. [L. sanctus, p. p. of sancire.] 1. (Eccl.) A part of the Mass, or, in Protestant churches, a part of the communion service, of which the first words in Latin are Sanctus, sanctus, sanctus [Holy, holy, holy]; -- called also Tersanctus.

2. (Mus.) An anthem composed for these words.

Sanctus bell, a small bell usually suspended in a bell cot at the apex of the nave roof, over the chancel arch, in mediæval churches, but a hand bell is now often used; -- so called because rung at the singing of the sanctus, at the conclusion of the ordinary of the Mass, and again at the elevation of the host. Called also Mass bell, sacring bell, saints' bell, sance-bell, sancte bell.

Sand (?), n. [AS. sand; akin to D. zand, G. sand, OHG. sant, Icel. sandr, Dan. & Sw. sand, Gr. &?;.] 1. Fine particles of stone, esp. of siliceous stone, but not reduced to dust; comminuted stone in the form of loose grains, which are not coherent when wet.

That finer matter, called sand, is no other than very small
pebbles.

Woodward.

2. A single particle of such stone. [R.] Shak.

3. The sand in the hourglass; hence, a moment or interval of time; the term or extent of one's life.

The sands are numbered that make up my life.

Shak.

4. pl. Tracts of land consisting of sand, like the deserts of Arabia and Africa; also, extensive tracts of sand exposed by the ebb of the tide. "The Libyan sands." Milton. "The sands o' Dee." C. Kingsley.

5. Courage; pluck; grit. [Slang]

Sand badger (Zoöl.), the Japanese badger (Meles ankuma). -- Sand bag. (a) A bag filled with sand or earth, used for various purposes, as in fortification, for ballast, etc. (b) A long bag filled with sand, used as a club by assassins. -- Sand ball, soap mixed with sand, made into a ball for use at the toilet. -- Sand bath. (a) (Chem.) A vessel of hot sand in a laboratory, in which vessels that are to be heated are partially immersed. (b) A bath in which the body is immersed in hot sand. -- Sand bed, a thick layer of sand, whether deposited naturally or artificially; specifically, a thick layer of sand into which molten metal is run in casting, or from a reducing furnace. -- Sand birds (Zoöl.), a collective name for numerous species of limicoline birds, such as the sandpipers, plovers, tattlers, and many others; -- called also shore birds. -- Sand blast, a process of engraving and cutting glass and other hard substances by driving sand against them by a steam jet or otherwise; also, the apparatus used in the process. -- Sand box. (a) A box with a perforated top or cover, for sprinkling paper with sand. (b) A box carried on locomotives, from which sand runs on the rails in front of the driving wheel, to prevent slipping. -- Sand-box tree (Bot.), a tropical American tree (Hura crepitans). Its fruit is a depressed many-celled woody capsule which, when completely dry, bursts with a loud report and scatters the seeds. See Illust. of Regma. -- Sand bug (Zoöl.), an American anomuran crustacean (Hippa talpoidea) which burrows in sandy seabeaches. It is often used as bait by fishermen. See Illust. under Anomura. -- Sand canal (Zoöl.), a tubular vessel having a calcareous coating, and connecting the oral ambulacral ring with the madreporic tubercle. It appears to be excretory in function. -- Sand cock (Zoöl.), the redshank. [Prov. Eng.] -- Sand collar. (Zoöl.) Same as Sand saucer, below. -- Sand crab. (Zoöl.) (a) The lady crab. (b) A land crab, or ocypodian. -- Sand crack (Far.), a crack extending downward from the coronet, in the wall of a horse's hoof, which often causes lameness. -- Sand cricket (Zoöl.), any one of several species of large terrestrial crickets of the genus Stenophelmatus and allied genera, native of the sandy plains of the Western United States. -- Sand cusk (Zoöl.), any ophidioid fish. See Illust. under Ophidioid. -- Sand dab (Zoöl.), a small American flounder (Limanda ferruginea); -- called also rusty dab. The name is also applied locally to other allied species. -- Sand darter (Zoöl.), a small etheostomoid fish of the Ohio valley (Ammocrypta pellucida). -- Sand dollar (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small flat circular sea urchins, which live on sandy bottoms, especially Echinarachnius parma of the American coast. -- Sand drift, drifting sand; also, a mound or bank of drifted sand. -- Sand eel. (Zoöl.) (a) A lant, or launce. (b) A slender Pacific Ocean fish of the genus Gonorhynchus, having barbels about the mouth. -- Sand flag, sandstone which splits up into flagstones. -- Sand flea. (Zoöl.) (a) Any species of flea which inhabits, or breeds in, sandy places, especially the common dog flea. (b) The chigoe. (c) Any leaping amphipod crustacean; a beach flea, or orchestian. See Beach flea, under Beach. -- Sand flood, a vast body of sand borne along by the wind. James Bruce. -- Sand fluke. (Zoöl.) (a) The sandnecker. (b) The European smooth dab (Pleuronectes microcephalus); -- called also kitt, marysole, smear dab, town dab. -- Sand fly (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small dipterous flies of the genus Simulium, abounding on sandy shores, especially Simulium nocivum of the United States. They are very troublesome on account of their biting habits. Called also no-see-um, punky, and midge. -- Sand gall. (Geol.) See Sand pipe, below. -- Sand grass (Bot.), any species of grass which grows in sand; especially, a tufted grass (Triplasis purpurea) with numerous bearded joints, and acid awl-shaped leaves, growing on the Atlantic coast. <! p. 1274 pr=PCP !> -- Sand grouse (Zoöl.), any one of many species of Old World birds belonging to the suborder Pterocletes, and resembling both grouse and pigeons. Called also rock grouse, rock pigeon, and ganga. They mostly belong to the genus Pterocles, as the common Indian species (P. exustus). The large sand grouse (P. arenarius), the painted sand grouse (P. fasciatus), and the pintail sand grouse (P. alchata) are also found in India. See Illust. under Pterocletes. -- Sand hill, a hill of sand; a dune. -- Sand-hill crane (Zoöl.), the American brown crane (Grus Mexicana). -- Sand hopper (Zoöl.), a beach flea; an orchestian. -- Sand hornet (Zoöl.), a sand wasp. -- Sand lark. (Zoöl.) (a) A small lark (Alaudala raytal), native of India. (b) A small sandpiper, or plover, as the ringneck, the sanderling, and the common European sandpiper. (c) The Australian red- capped dotterel (Ægialophilus ruficapillus); -- called also red-necked plover. -- Sand launce (Zoöl.), a lant, or launce. -- Sand lizard (Zoöl.), a common European lizard (Lacerta agilis). -- Sand martin (Zoöl.), the bank swallow. -- Sand mole (Zoöl.), the coast rat. -- Sand monitor (Zoöl.), a large Egyptian lizard (Monitor arenarius) which inhabits dry localities. -- Sand mouse (Zoöl.), the dunlin. [Prov. Eng.] -- Sand myrtle. (Bot.) See under Myrtle. -- Sand partridge (Zoöl.), either of two small Asiatic partridges of the genus Ammoperdix. The wings are long and the tarsus is spurless. One species (A. Heeji) inhabits Palestine and Arabia. The other species (A. Bonhami), inhabiting Central Asia, is called also seesee partridge, and teehoo. -- Sand picture, a picture made by putting sand of different colors on an adhesive surface. -- Sand pike. (Zoöl.) (a) The sauger. (b) The lizard fish. -- Sand pillar, a sand storm which takes the form of a whirling pillar in its progress in desert tracts like those of the Sahara and Mongolia. -- Sand pipe (Geol.), a tubular cavity, from a few inches to several feet in depth, occurring especially in calcareous rocks, and often filled with gravel, sand, etc.; -- called also sand gall. -- Sand pride (Zoöl.), a small British lamprey now considered to be the young of larger species; -- called also sand prey. -- Sand pump, in artesian well boring, a long, slender bucket with a valve at the bottom for raising sand from the well. -- Sand rat (Zoöl.), the pocket gopher. -- Sand rock, a rock made of cemented sand. -- Sand runner (Zoöl.), the turnstone. -- Sand saucer (Zoöl.), the mass of egg capsules, or oöthecæ, of any mollusk of the genus Natica and allied genera. It has the shape of a bottomless saucer, and is coated with fine sand; -- called also sand collar. -- Sand screw (Zoöl.), an amphipod crustacean (Lepidactylis arenarius), which burrows in the sandy seabeaches of Europe and America. -- Sand shark (Zoöl.), an American shark (Odontaspis littoralis) found on the sandy coasts of the Eastern United States; -- called also gray shark, and dogfish shark. See Illust. under Remora. -- Sand skink (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Old World lizards belonging to the genus Seps; as, the ocellated sand skink (Seps ocellatus) of Southern Europe. -- Sand skipper (Zoöl.), a beach flea, or orchestian. -- Sand smelt (Zoöl.), a silverside. -- Sand snake. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of harmless burrowing snakes of the genus Eryx, native of Southern Europe, Africa, and Asia, especially E. jaculus of India and E. Johnii, used by snake charmers. (b) Any innocuous South African snake of the genus Psammophis, especially P. sibilans. -- Sand snipe (Zoöl.), the sandpiper. -- Sand star (Zoöl.), an ophiurioid starfish living on sandy sea bottoms; a brittle star. -- Sand storm, a cloud of sand driven violently by the wind. -- Sand sucker, the sandnecker. -- Sand swallow (Zoöl.), the bank swallow. See under Bank. -- Sand tube, a tube made of sand. Especially: (a) A tube of vitrified sand, produced by a stroke of lightning; a fulgurite. (b) (Zoöl.) Any tube made of cemented sand. (c) (Zoöl.) In starfishes, a tube having calcareous particles in its wall, which connects the oral water tube with the madreporic plate. -- Sand viper. (Zoöl.) See Hognose snake. -- Sand wasp (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of hymenopterous insects belonging to the families Pompilidæ and Spheridæ, which dig burrows in sand. The female provisions the nest with insects or spiders which she paralyzes by stinging, and which serve as food for her young.

Sand (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Sanding.] 1. To sprinkle or cover with sand.

2. To drive upon the sand. [Obs.] Burton.

3. To bury (oysters) beneath drifting sand or mud.

4. To mix with sand for purposes of fraud; as, to sand sugar. [Colloq.]

San"dal (?), n. Same as Sendal.

Sails of silk and ropes of sandal.

Longfellow.

San"dal, n. Sandalwood. "Fans of sandal." Tennyson.

San"dal, n. [F. sandale, L. sandalium, Gr. &?;, dim. of &?;, probably from Per. sandal.] (a) A kind of shoe consisting of a sole strapped to the foot; a protection for the foot, covering its lower surface, but not its upper. (b) A kind of slipper. (c) An overshoe with parallel openings across the instep.