Chapter M: S. Lamson (1)

Sap"id*ness, n. Quality of being sapid; sapidity.

When the Israelites fancied the sapidness and relish of the
fleshpots, they longed to taste and to return.

Jer. Taylor.

Sa"pi*ence (?), n. [L. sapientia: cf. F. sapience. See Sapient..] The quality of being sapient; wisdom; sageness; knowledge. Cowper.

Woman, if I might sit beside your feet, And glean your scattered
sapience.

Tennyson.

Sa"pi*ent (?), a. [L. sapiens, -entis, p. pr. of sapere to taste, to have sense, to know. See Sage, a.] Wise; sage; discerning; -- often in irony or contempt.

Where the sapient king Held dalliance with his fair Egyptian
spouse.

Milton.

Syn. -- Sage; sagacious; knowing; wise; discerning.

Sa`pi*en"tial (?), a. [L. sapientialis.] Having or affording wisdom. -- Sa`pi*en"tial*ly, adv.

The sapiential books of the Old [Testament].

Jer. Taylor.

Sa`pi*en"tious (?), a. Sapiential. [Obs.]

Sa"pi*ent*ize, v. t. To make sapient. [R.] Coleridge.

Sa"pi*ent*ly (?), adv. In a sapient manner.

Sap`in*da"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to an order of trees and shrubs (Sapindaceæ), including the (typical) genus Sapindus, the maples, the margosa, and about seventy other genera.

||Sa*pin"dus (?), n. [NL., fr. L. sapo soap + Indicus Indian.] (Bot.) A ||genus of tropical and subtropical trees with pinnate leaves and ||panicled flowers. The fruits of some species are used instead of ||soap, and their round black seeds are made into necklaces.

Sap"less (?), a. 1. Destitute of sap; not juicy.

2. Fig.: Dry; old; husky; withered; spiritless. "A somewhat sapless womanhood." Lowell.

Now sapless on the verge of death he stands.

Dryden.

sap"ling (?), n. A young tree. Shak.

Sap`o*dil"la (?), n. [Sp. zapote, sapotillo, zapotillo, Mexican cochit-zapotl. Cf. Sapota.] (Bot.) A tall, evergeen, tropical American tree (Achras Sapota); also, its edible fruit, the sapodilla plum. [Written also sapadillo, sappadillo, sappodilla, and zapotilla.]

Sapodilla plum (Bot.), the fruit of Achras Sapota. It is about the size of an ordinary quince, having a rough, brittle, dull brown rind, the flesh being of a dirty yellowish white color, very soft, and deliciously sweet. Called also naseberry. It is eatable only when it begins to be spotted, and is much used in desserts.

Sa*pog"e*nin (?), n. [Saponin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of saponin.

Sap`o*na"ceous (?), a. [L. sapo, -onis, soap, of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. soap. See Soap.] Resembling soap; having the qualities of soap; soapy.

Saponaceous bodies are compounds of an acid and a base, and are in reality a kind of salt.

Sap`o*nac"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being saponaceous.

Sap"o*na*ry (?), a. Saponaceous. Boyle.

Sa*pon*i*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable of conversion into soap; as, a saponifiable substance.

Sa*pon`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. saponification. See Saponify.] The act, process, or result, of soap making; conversion into soap; specifically (Chem.), the decomposition of fats and other ethereal salts by alkalies; as, the saponification of ethyl acetate.

Sa*pon"i*fi`er (?), n. (Chem.) That which saponifies; any reagent used to cause saponification.

Sa*pon"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saponified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Saponifying (?).] [L. sapo, -onis, soap + -fy: cf. F. saponifier.] To convert into soap, as tallow or any fat; hence (Chem.), to subject to any similar process, as that which ethereal salts undergo in decomposition; as, to saponify ethyl acetate.

Sap"o*nin (?), n. [L. sapo, - onis soap: cf. F. saponine.] (Chem.) A poisonous glucoside found in many plants, as in the root of soapwort (Saponaria), in the bark of soap bark (Quillaia), etc. It is extracted as a white amorphous powder, which occasions a soapy lather in solution, and produces a local anæsthesia. Formerly called also struthiin, quillaiin, senegin, polygalic acid, etc. By extension, any one of a group of related bodies of which saponin proper is the type.

Sap"o*nite (?), n. [Sw. saponit, fr. L. sapo, -onis, soap.] (Min.) A hydrous silicate of magnesia and alumina. It occurs in soft, soapy, amorphous masses, filling veins in serpentine and cavities in trap rock.

Sap"o*nul (?), n. [F. saponule, fr. L. sapo, -onis, soap.] (Old Chem.) A soapy mixture obtained by treating an essential oil with an alkali; hence, any similar compound of an essential oil. [Written also saponule.] [Obs.]

||Sa"por (?), n. [L. See Savor.] Power of affecting the organs of ||taste; savor; flavor; taste.

There is some sapor in all aliments.

Sir T. Browne.

Sap`o*rif"ic (?), a. [L. sapor taste + facere to make.] Having the power to produce the sensation of taste; producing taste, flavor, or relish.

Sap`o*ros"i*ty (?), n. The quality of a body by which it excites the sensation of taste.

Sap"o*rous (?), a. [L. saporus that relishes well, savory, fr. sapor taste.] Having flavor or taste; yielding a taste. [R.] Bailey.

Sa*po"ta (?), n. [NL., from Sp. sapote, zapote. See Sapodilla.] (Bot.) The sapodilla.

Sap`o*ta"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order (Sapotaceæ) of (mostly tropical) trees and shrubs, including the star apple, the Lucuma, or natural marmalade tree, the gutta-percha tree (Isonandra), and the India mahwa, as well as the sapodilla, or sapota, after which the order is named.

Sap*pan" wood" (?). Sapan wood.

Sap"pare (?), n. [F. sappare; -- so called by Saussure.] (Min.) Kyanite. [Written also sappar.]

Sap"per (?), n. [Cf. F. sapeur.] One who saps; specifically (Mil.), one who is employed in working at saps, building and repairing fortifications, and the like.

Sap"phic (?), a. [L. Sapphicus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; Sappho.] 1. Of or pertaining to Sappho, the Grecian poetess; as, Sapphic odes; Sapphic verse.

2. (Pros.) Belonging to, or in the manner of, Sappho; -- said of a certain kind of verse reputed to have been invented by Sappho, consisting of five feet, of which the first, fourth, and fifth are trochees, the second is a spondee, and the third a dactyl.

Sap"phic, n. (Pros.) A Sapphic verse.

Sap"phire (? or ?; 277), n. [OE. saphir, F. saphir, L. sapphirus, Gr. &?;, of Oriental origin; cf. Heb. sappr.] 1. (Min.) Native alumina or aluminium sesquioxide, Al2O3; corundum; esp., the blue transparent variety of corundum, highly prized as a gem.

Of rubies, sapphires, and of pearlés white.

Chaucer.

Sapphire occurs in hexagonal crystals and also in granular and massive forms. The name sapphire is usually restricted to the blue crystals, while the bright red crystals are called Oriental rubies (see under Ruby), the amethystine variety Oriental amethyst (see under Amethyst), and the dull massive varieties corundum (a name which is also used as a general term to include all varieties). See Corundum.

2. The color of the gem; bright blue.

3. (Zoöl.) Any humming bird of the genus Hylocharis, native of South America. The throat and breast are usually bright blue.

Star sapphire, or Asteriated sapphire (Min.), a kind of sapphire which exhibits asterism.

Sap"phire, a. Of or resembling sapphire; sapphirine; blue. "The sapphire blaze." Gray.

Sap"phir*ine (?), n. Resembling sapphire; made of sapphire; having the color, or any quality of sapphire. "Sapphirine degree of hardness." Boyle.

Sap"pho (?), n. [See Sapphic.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of brilliant South American humming birds of the genus Sappho, having very bright- colored and deeply forked tails; -- called also firetail.

Sap"pi*ness (?), n. The quality of being sappy; juiciness.

Sap`po*dil"la (?), n. (Bot.) See Sapodilla.

Sap"py (?), a. [Compar. Sappier (?); superl. Sappiest.] [From 1st Sap.]

1. Abounding with sap; full of sap; juicy; succulent.

2. Hence, young, not firm; weak, feeble.

When he had passed this weak and sappy age.

Hayward.

3. Weak in intellect. [Low]

4. (Bot.) Abounding in sap; resembling, or consisting largely of, sapwood.

Sap"py (?), a. [Written also sapy.] [Cf. L. sapere to taste.] Musty; tainted. [Obs.]

Sa*proph"a*gan (?), n. [Gr. sapro`s rotten + fagei^n to eat: cf. F. saprophage.] (Zoöl.) One of a tribe of beetles which feed upon decaying animal and vegetable substances; a carrion beetle.

Sa*proph"a*gous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Feeding on carrion.

Sap"ro*phyte (?), n. [Gr. sapro`s rotten + fyto`n a plant.] (Bot.) Any plant growing on decayed animal or vegetable matter, as most fungi and some flowering plants with no green color, as the Indian pipe.

Sap`ro*phyt"ic (?), a. Feeding or growing upon decaying animal or vegetable matter; pertaining to a saprophyte or the saprophytes.

Sap"sa*go (?), n. [G. schabzieger; schaben to shave, to scrape + zieger a sort of whey.] A kind of Swiss cheese, of a greenish color, flavored with melilot.

Sap"skull` (?), n. A saphead. [Low]

Sap`u*ca"ia (?; Pg. &?;), n. [Pg. sapucaya.] (Bot.) A Brazilian tree. See Lecythis, and Monkey-pot. [Written also sapucaya.]

Sapucaia nut (Bot.), the seed of the sapucaia; -- called also paradise nut.

Sap"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The alburnum, or part of the wood of any exogenous tree next to the bark, being that portion of the tree through which the sap flows most freely; -- distinguished from heartwood.

Sar"a*ba*ite (?), n. [LL. Sarabaïtae, pl.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of certain vagrant or heretical Oriental monks in the early church.

Sar"a*band (?), n. [F. sarabande, Sp. zarabanda, fr. Per. serbend a song.] A slow Spanish dance of Saracenic origin, to an air in triple time; also, the air itself.

She has brought us the newest saraband from the court of Queen Mab.

Sir W. Scott.

Sar"a*cen (?), n. [L. Saracenus perhaps fr. Ar. sharqi, pl. sharqin, Oriental, Eastern, fr. sharaqa to rise, said of the sun: cf. F. sarrasin. Cf. Sarcenet, Sarrasin, Sirocco.] Anciently, an Arab; later, a Mussulman; in the Middle Ages, the common term among Christians in Europe for a Mohammedan hostile to the crusaders.

Saracens' consound (Bot.), a kind of ragwort (Senecio Saracenicus), anciently used to heal wounds.

{ Sar`a*cen"ic (?), Sar`a*cen"ic*al (?) }, a. Of or pertaining to the Saracens; as, Saracenic architecture. "Saracenic music." Sir W. Scott.

Sar"a*sin (?), n. (Arch.) See Sarrasin.

||Sa`ras*wa"ti (?), n. [Skr. Sarasvat.] (Hind. Myth.) The sakti or wife ||of Brahma; the Hindoo goddess of learning, music, and poetry.

Sar"casm (?), n. [F. sarcasme, L. sarcasmus, Gr. sarkasmo`s, from sarka`zein to tear flesh like dogs, to bite the lips in rage, to speak bitterly, to sneer, fr. sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh.] A keen, reproachful expression; a satirical remark uttered with some degree of scorn or contempt; a taunt; a gibe; a cutting jest.

The sarcasms of those critics who imagine our art to be a matter of
inspiration.

Sir J. Reynolds.

Syn. -- Satire; irony; ridicule; taunt; gibe.

Sar*cas"mous (?), a. Sarcastic. [Obs.] "Sarcasmous scandal." Hubidras.

{ Sar*cas"tic (?), Sar*cas"tic*al (?) }, a. Expressing, or expressed by, sarcasm; characterized by, or of the nature of, sarcasm; given to the use of sarcasm; bitterly satirical; scornfully severe; taunting.

What a fierce and sarcastic reprehension would this have drawn from
the friendship of the world!

South.

Sar*cas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a sarcastic manner.

Sar"cel (?), n. [OF. cercel, F. cerceau, L. circellus, dim. of circulus. See Circle.] One of the outer pinions or feathers of the wing of a bird, esp. of a hawk.

Sar"celed (?), a. (her.) Cut through the middle.

||Sar`celle" (?), n. [F., fr. L. querquedula.] (Zoöl.) The old squaw, ||or long- tailed duck.

Sarce"net (?), n. [OF. sarcenet; cf. LL. saracenicum cloth made by Saracens. See Saracen.] A species of fine thin silk fabric, used for linings, etc. [Written also sarsenet.]

Thou green sarcenet flap for a sore eye.

Shak.

Sar"cin (?), n. Same as Hypoxanthin.

||Sar*ci"na (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; of flesh, fr. sa`rx, sa`rkos, ||flesh.] (Biol.) A genus of bacteria found in various organic fluids, ||especially in those those of the stomach, associated with certain ||diseases. The individual organisms undergo division along two ||perpendicular partitions, so that multiplication takes place in two ||directions, giving groups of four cubical cells. Also used ||adjectively; as, a sarcina micrococcus; a sarcina group.

Sarcina form (Biol.), the tetrad form seen in the division of a dumb-bell group of micrococci into four; -- applied particularly to bacteria. See micrococcus.

Sar"cle (?), v. t. [F. sarcler to weed, fr. L. sarculare to hoe, fr. sarculum hoe.] To weed, or clear of weeds, with a hoe. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

Sar"co- (?). A combining form from Gr. sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh; as, sarcophagous, flesh-eating; sarcology.

||Sar*cob"a*sis (?), n.; pl. Sarcobases (#). [NL., fr. Gr. sa`rx, ||sa`rkos, flesh + &?; base.] (Bot.) A fruit consisting of many dry ||indehiscent cells, which contain but few seeds and cohere about a ||common style, as in the mallows.

Sar"co*blast (?), n. [Sarco- + -blast.] (Zoöl.) A minute yellowish body present in the interior of certain rhizopods.

Sar"co*carp (?), n. [Sarco- + Gr. &?; fruit: cf. F. sarcocarpe.] (Bot.) The fleshy part of a stone fruit, situated between the skin, or epicarp, and the stone, or endocarp, as in a peach. See Illust. of Endocarp.

The term has also been used to denote any fruit which is fleshy throughout. M. T. Masters.

Sar"co*cele (?), n. [Gr. &?;; sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh + &?; tumor: cf. F. sarcocèle.] (Med.) Any solid tumor of the testicle.

{ Sar"co*col (?), Sar`co*col"la (?) }, n. [L. sarcocolla, from Gr. &?;; sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh + &?; glue: cf. F. sarcocolle.] A gum resin obtained from certain shrubs of Africa (Penæa), -- formerly thought to cause healing of wounds and ulcers.

Sar"code (?), n. [Gr. &?; fleshy; sa`rx, flesh + e'i^dos form. Cf. Sarcoid.] (Biol.) A name applied by Dujardin in 1835 to the gelatinous material forming the bodies of the lowest animals; protoplasm.

{ Sar"co*derm (?), ||sar`co*der"ma (?) }, n. [NL. sarcoderma. See Sarco-, and Derm.] (Bot.) (a) A fleshy covering of a seed, lying between the external and internal integuments. (b) A sarcocarp.

Sar*cod"ic (? or ?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to sarcode.

Sar"coid (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Sarcode.] (Biol.) Resembling flesh, or muscle; composed of sarcode.

Sar`co*lac"tic (?), a. [Sarco- + lactic.] (Physiol. Chem.) Relating to muscle and milk; as, sarcolactic acid. See Lactic acid, under Lactic.

Sar`co*lem"ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh + &?; rind, skin.] (Anat.) The very thin transparent and apparently homogeneous sheath which incloses a striated muscular fiber; the myolemma.

Sar"co*line (?), a. [Gr. sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh.] (Min.) Flesh-colored.

{ Sar`co*log"ic (?), Sar`co*log"ic*al (?) }, a. Of or pertaining to sarcology.

Sar*col"o*gy (?), n. [Sarco- + -logy: cf. F. sarcologie.] That part of anatomy which treats of the soft parts. It includes myology, angiology, neurology, and splanchnology.

||Sar*co"ma (?), n.; pl. L. Sarcomata (# or #), E. sarcomas (#). [NL., ||from Gr. &?;, from sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh.] (Med.) A tumor of fleshy ||consistence; -- formerly applied to many varieties of tumor, now ||restricted to a variety of malignant growth made up of cells ||resembling those of fetal development without any proper ||intercellular substance.

Sar*com"a*tous (? or ?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to sarcoma; resembling sarcoma.

||Sar*coph"a*ga (?), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. See Sarcophagus.] (Zoöl.) A ||suborder of carnivorous and insectivorous marsupials including the ||dasyures and the opossums.

||Sar*coph"a*ga, n. [NL., fem. sing. See Sarcophagus.] (Zoöl.) A genus ||of Diptera, including the flesh flies.

Sar*coph"a*gan (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) Any animal which eats flesh, especially any carnivorous marsupial.

2. (Zoöl.) Any fly of the genus Sarcophaga.

Sar*coph"a*gous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Feeding on flesh; flesh-eating; carnivorous.

Sar*coph"a*gus (?), n.; pl. L. Sarcophagi (#), E. Sarcophaguses (#). [L., fr. Gr. sarkofa`gos, properly, eating flesh; sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh + fagei^n to eat. Cf. Sarcasm.] 1. A species of limestone used among the Greeks for making coffins, which was so called because it consumed within a few weeks the flesh of bodies deposited in it. It is otherwise called lapis Assius, or Assian stone, and is said to have been found at Assos, a city of Lycia. Holland.

2. A coffin or chest-shaped tomb of the kind of stone described above; hence, any stone coffin.

3. A stone shaped like a sarcophagus and placed by a grave as a memorial.

Sar*coph"a*gy (?), n. [Gr. sarkofagi`a. See Sarcophagus.] The practice of eating flesh.

Sar"co*phile (?), n. [Sacro- + Gr. &?; a lover.] (Zoöl.) A flesh-eating animal, especially any one of the carnivorous marsupials.

||Sar*cop"tes (?), n. [NL., from Gr. sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh + ko`ptein ||to cut.] (Zoöl.) A genus of parasitic mites including the itch mites.

Sar*cop"tid (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of the genus Sarcoptes and related genera of mites, comprising the itch mites and mange mites. -- a. Of or pertaining to the itch mites.

||Sar`co*rham"phi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh + &?; ||beak.] (Zoöl.) A division of raptorial birds comprising the vultures.

||Sar`co*sep"tum (?), n.; pl. Sarcosepta (#). [Sarco- + septum.] ||(Zoöl.) One of the mesenteries of an anthozoan.

Sar"co*sin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline nitrogenous substance, formed in the decomposition of creatin (one of the constituents of muscle tissue). Chemically, it is methyl glycocoll.

||Sar*co"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh.] ||(Med.) (a) Abnormal formation of flesh. (b) Sarcoma.

Sar*cot"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. sarcotique.] (Med.) Producing or promoting the growth of flesh. [R.] -- n. A sarcotic medicine. [R.]

Sar"cous (?), a. [Gr. sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh.] (Anat.) Fleshy; -- applied to the minute structural elements, called sarcous elements, or sarcous disks, of which striated muscular fiber is composed.

Sar`cu*la"tion (?), n. [L. sarculatio. See Sarcle.] A weeding, as with a hoe or a rake.

Sard (?), n. [L. sarda, Gr. &?;, or &?; (sc. &?;), i.e., Sardian stone, fr. &?; Sardian, &?; Sardes, the capital of Lydia: cf. F. sarde. Cf. Sardius.] (Min.) A variety of carnelian, of a rich reddish yellow or brownish red color. See the Note under Chalcedony.

Sar"da*chate (?), n. [L. sardachates: cf. F. sardachate. See Sard, and Agate.] (Min.) A variety of agate containing sard.

{ Sar"dan (?), Sar"del (?) }, n. [It. sardella. See Sardine a fish.] (Zoöl.) A sardine. [Obs.]

Sar"del, n. A precious stone. See Sardius.

Sar"dine (? or ?; 277), n. [F. sardine (cf. Sp. sardina, sarda, It. sardina, sardella), L. sardina, sarda; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;; so called from the island of Sardinia, Gr. &?;.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several small species of herring which are commonly preserved in olive oil for food, especially the pilchard, or European sardine (Clupea pilchardus). The California sardine (Clupea sagax) is similar. The American sardines of the Atlantic coast are mostly the young of the common herring and of the menhaden.

Sar"dine (? or ?; 277), n. See Sardius.

Sar*din"i*an (?), a. [L. Sardinianus.] Of or pertaining to the island, kingdom, or people of Sardinia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Sardinia.

Sar"di*us (?), n. [L. sardius, lapis sardinus, Gr. &?;, &?;, &?;. See Sard.] A precious stone, probably a carnelian, one of which was set in Aaron's breastplate. Ex. xxviii. 17.

Sar"doin (?), n. [Cf. F. sardoine.] (Min.) Sard; carnelian.

Sar*do"ni*an (?), a. [Cf. F. sardonien.] Sardonic. [Obs.] "With Sardonian smile." Spenser.

Sar*don"ic (?), a. [F. sardonique, L. sardonius, Gr. &?;, &?;, perhaps fr. &?; to grin like a dog, or from a certain plant of Sardinia, Gr. &?;, which was said to screw up the face of the eater.] Forced; unnatural; insincere; hence, derisive, mocking, malignant, or bitterly sarcastic; -- applied only to a laugh, smile, or some facial semblance of gayety.

Where strained, sardonic smiles are glozing still, And grief is
forced to laugh against her will.

Sir H. Wotton.

The scornful, ferocious, sardonic grin of a bloody ruffian.

Burke.

Sardonic grin or laugh, an old medical term for a spasmodic affection of the muscles of the face, giving it an appearance of laughter.

Sar*don"ic, a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a kind of linen made at Colchis.

Sar"do*nyx (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;. See Sard, and Onyx.] (Min.) A variety of onyx consisting of sard and white chalcedony in alternate layers.

||Sa"ree (?), n. [Hind. &?;.] The principal garment of a Hindoo woman. ||It consists of a long piece of cloth, which is wrapped round the ||middle of the body, a portion being arranged to hang down in front, ||and the remainder passed across the bosom over the left shoulder.

Sar*gas"so (?), n. [Sp. sargazo seaweed.] (Bot.) The gulf weed. See under Gulf.

Sargasso Sea, a large tract of the North Atlantic Ocean where sargasso in great abundance floats on the surface.

||Sar*gas"sum (?), n. [NL.] A genus of algæ including the gulf weed.

||Sar"go (?), n. [Sp. sargo, L. sargus a kind of fish.] (Zoöl.) Any one ||of several species of sparoid fishes belonging to Sargus, Pomadasys, ||and related genera; -- called also sar, and saragu.

||Sa"ri (?), n. Same as Saree.

||Sa*rigue" (?), n. [F., from Braz. çarigueia, çarigueira.] (Zoöl.) A ||small South American opossum (Didelphys opossum), having four white ||spots on the face.

Sark (?), n. [AS. serce, syrce, a shirt; akin to Icel. serkr, Sw. särk.] A shirt. [Scot.]

Sark, v. t. (Carp.) To cover with sarking, or thin boards.

Sar"kin (?), n. [Gr. sa`rx, sa`rkos, flesh.] (Physiol. Chem.) Same as Hypoxanthin.

Sark"ing (?), n. [From Sark shirt.] (Carp.) Thin boards for sheathing, as above the rafters, and under the shingles or slates, and for similar purposes.

{ Sar"lac (?), Sar"lyk (?) }, n. [Mongolian sarlyk.] (Zoöl.) The yak.

{ Sar*ma"tian (?), Sar*mat"ic (?) }, a. [L. Sarmaticus.] Of or pertaining to Sarmatia, or its inhabitants, the ancestors of the Russians and the Poles.

Sar"ment (?), n. [L. sarmentum a twig, fr. sarpere to cut off, to trim: cf. F. sarment.] (Bot.) A prostrate filiform stem or runner, as of the strawberry. See Runner.

Sar`men*ta"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Bearing sarments, or runners, as the strawberry.

Sar`men*tose" (? or ?), a. [L. sarmentosus: cf. F. sarmenteux. See Sarment.] (Bot.) (a) Long and filiform, and almost naked, or having only leaves at the joints where it strikes root; as, a sarmentose stem. (b) Bearing sarments; sarmentaceous.

Sar*men"tous (?), a. (Bot.) Sarmentose.

Sarn (?), n. [W. sarn a causeway, paving.] A pavement or stepping-stone. [Prov. Eng.] Johnson.

||Sa"rong (?), n. [Malay srung.] A sort of petticoat worn by both sexes ||in Java and the Malay Archipelago. Balfour (Cyc. of India)

Sa"ros (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;] (Astron) A Chaldean astronomical period or cycle, the length of which has been variously estimated from 3,600 years to 3,600 days, or a little short of 10 years. Brande & C.

Sar"plar (?), n. [Cf. LL. sarplare. See Sarplier.] A large bale or package of wool, containing eighty tods, or 2,240 pounds, in weight. [Eng.]

Sar"plier (?), n. [F. serpillière; cf. Pr. sarpelheira, LL. serpelleria, serpleria, Catalan sarpallera, Sp. arpillera.] A coarse cloth made of hemp, and used for packing goods, etc. [Written also sarpelere.] Tyrwhitt.

Sar"po (?), n. [Corruption of Sp. sapo a toad.] (Zoöl.) A large toadfish of the Southern United States and the Gulf of Mexico (Batrachus tau, var. pardus).

||Sar`ra*ce"ni*a (?), n. [NL. So named after a Dr. Sarrazin of Quebec.] ||(Bot.) A genus of American perennial herbs growing in bogs; the ||American pitcher plant.

They have hollow pitcher-shaped or tubular leaves, and solitary flowers with an umbrella-shaped style. Sarracenia purpurea, the sidesaddle flower, is common at the North; S. flava, rubra, Drummondii, variolaris, and psittacina are Southern species. All are insectivorous, catching and drowning insects in their curious leaves. See Illust. of Sidesaddle flower, under Sidesaddle.

{ Sar"ra*sin, Sar"ra*sine } (?), n. [F. sarrasine, LL. saracina. See Saracen.] (Fort.) A portcullis, or herse. [Written also sarasin.]

Sar"sa (?), n. Sarsaparilla. [Written also sarza.]

Sar`sa*pa*ril"la (?), n. [Sp. zarzaparrilla; zarza a bramble (perhaps fr. Bisc. zartzia) + parra a vine, or Parillo, a physician said to have discovered it.] (Bot.) (a) Any plant of several tropical American species of Smilax. (b) The bitter mucilaginous roots of such plants, used in medicine and in sirups for soda, etc.

The name is also applied to many other plants and their roots, especially to the Aralia nudicaulis, the wild sarsaparilla of the United States.

Sar`sa*pa*ril"lin (?), n. See Parillin.

Sarse (?), n. [F. sas, OF. saas, LL. setatium, fr. L. seta a stiff hair.] A fine sieve; a searce. [Obs.]

Sarse, v. t. To sift through a sarse. [Obs.]

Sar"sen (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain; perhaps for saracen stone, i.e., a heathen or pagan stone or monument.] One of the large sandstone blocks scattered over the English chalk downs; -- called also sarsen stone, and Druid stone. [Eng.]

Sarse"net (?), n. See Sarcenet.

Sart (?), n. An assart, or clearing. [Obs.] Bailey.

Sar*to"ri*al (?), a. [See Sartorius.] 1. Of or pertaining to a tailor or his work.

Our legs skulked under the table as free from sartorial
impertinences as those of the noblest savages.

Lowell.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sartorius muscle.

||Sar*to"ri*us (?), n. [NL., fr. L. sartor a patcher, tailor, fr. ||sarcire, sartum, to patch, mend.] (Anat.) A muscle of the thigh, ||called the tailor's muscle, which arises from the hip bone and is ||inserted just below the knee. So named because its contraction was ||supposed to produce the position of the legs assumed by the tailor in ||sitting.

Sa"rum use` (?). (Ch. of Eng.) A liturgy, or use, put forth about 1087 by St. Osmund, bishop of Sarum, based on Anglo-Saxon and Norman customs.

Sash (?), n. [Pers. shast a sort of girdle.] A scarf or band worn about the waist, over the shoulder, or otherwise; a belt; a girdle, -- worn by women and children as an ornament; also worn as a badge of distinction by military officers, members of societies, etc.

Sash, v. t. To adorn with a sash or scarf. Burke.

Sash, n. [F. châssis a frame, sash, fr. châsse a shrine, reliquary, frame, L. capsa. See Case a box.] 1. The framing in which the panes of glass are set in a glazed window or door, including the narrow bars between the panes.

2. In a sawmill, the rectangular frame in which the saw is strained and by which it is carried up and down with a reciprocating motion; -- also called gate.

French sash, a casement swinging on hinges; - - in distinction from a vertical sash sliding up and down.

Sash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sashing.] To furnish with a sash or sashes; as, to sash a door or a window.

Sash"er*y (?), n. [From 1st Sash.] A collection of sashes; ornamentation by means of sashes. [R.]

Distinguished by their sasheries and insignia.

Carlyle.

Sash"oon (?), n. [Etymology uncertain.] A kind of pad worn on the leg under the boot. [Obs.] Nares.

Sa"sin (?), n. (Zoöl.) The Indian antelope (Antilope bezoartica, or cervicapra), noted for its beauty and swiftness. It has long, spiral, divergent horns.

{ Sas"sa*by (?), Sas"sa*bye (?) }, n. (Zoöl.) A large African antelope (Alcelaphus lunata), similar to the hartbeest, but having its horns regularly curved.

Sas"sa*fras (?), n. [F. sassafras (cf. It. sassafrasso, sassafras, Sp. sasafras, salsafras, salsifrax, salsifragia, saxifragia), fr. L. saxifraga saxifrage. See Saxifrage.] (Bot.) An American tree of the Laurel family (Sassafras officinale); also, the bark of the roots, which has an aromatic smell and taste.

Australian sassafras, a lofty tree (Doryophora Sassafras) with aromatic bark and leaves. -- Chilian sassafras, an aromatic tree (Laurelia sempervirens). -- New Zealand sassafras, a similar tree (Laurelia Novæ Zelandiæ). - - Sassafras nut. See Pichurim bean. -- Swamp sassafras, the sweet bay (Magnolia glauca). See Magnolia.

Sas"sa*nage (?), n. [See Sarse a sieve.] Stones left after sifting. Smart.

Sas`sa*ra"ra (?), n. [Perh. a corruption of certiorari, the name of a writ.] A word used to emphasize a statement. [Obs.]

Out she shall pack, with a sassarara.

Goldsmith.

Sasse (?), n. [D. sas, fr. F. sas the basin of a waterfall.] A sluice or lock, as in a river, to make it more navigable. [Obs.] Pepys.

Sas"sen*ach (?), n. [Gael. sasunnach.] A Saxon; an Englishman; a Lowlander. [Celtic] Sir W. Scott.

{ Sas"so*lin (?), Sas"so*line (?) }, n. [From Sasso, a town in Italy: cf. F. sassolin.] (Min.) Native boric acid, found in saline incrustations on the borders of hot springs near Sasso, in the territory of Florence.

{ Sas"so*rol (?), Sas`so*rol"la (?) }, n. (Zoöl.) The rock pigeon. See under Pigeon.

Sas"sy bark` (?). (Bot.) The bark of a West African leguminous tree (Erythrophlæum Guineense, used by the natives as an ordeal poison, and also medicinally; -- called also mancona bark.

||Sas"tra (?), n. Same as Shaster.

Sat (?), imp. of Sit. [Written also sate.]

Sa"tan (?), n. [Heb. stn an adversary, fr. stan to be adverse, to persecute: cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, L. Satan, Satanas.] The grand adversary of man; the Devil, or Prince of darkness; the chief of the fallen angels; the archfiend.

I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven.

Luke x. 18.

{ Sa*tan"ic (?), Sa*tan"ic*al (?) }, a. [Cf. F. satanique, Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to Satan; having the qualities of Satan; resembling Satan; extremely malicious or wicked; devilish; infernal. "Satanic strength." "Satanic host." Milton.

Detest the slander which, with a Satanic smile, exults over the
character it has ruined.

Dr. T. Dwight.

-- Sa*tan"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Sa*tan"ic*al*ness, n.

Sa"tan*ism (?), n. The evil and malicious disposition of Satan; a diabolical spirit. [R.]

Sa"tan*ist, n. A very wicked person. [R.] Granger.

Sa`tan*oph"a*ny (?), n. [Satan + Gr. &?; to appear.] An incarnation of Satan; a being possessed by a demon. [R.] O. A. Brownson.

Satch"el (?) n. [OF. sachel, fr. L. saccellus, dim. of saccus. See Sack a bag.] A little sack or bag for carrying papers, books, or small articles of wearing apparel; a hand bag. [Spelled also sachel.]

The whining schoolboy with his satchel.

Shak.

Sate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sated; p. pr. & vb. n. Sating.] [Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satur full. See Satiate.] To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to surfeit.

Crowds of wanderers sated with the business and pleasure of great
cities.

Macaulay.

Sate (?), imp. of Sit.

But sate an equal guest at every board.

Lowell.

Sat*een" (?), n. [Cf. Satin.] A kind of dress goods made of cotton or woolen, with a glossy surface resembling satin.

Sate"less (?), a. Insatiable. [R.] Young.

Sat"el*lite (?), n. [F., fr. L. satelles, -itis, an attendant.] 1. An attendant attached to a prince or other powerful person; hence, an obsequious dependent. "The satellites of power." I. Disraeli.

2. (Astron.) A secondary planet which revolves about another planet; as, the moon is a satellite of the earth. See Solar system, under Solar.

Satellite moth (Zoöl.), a handsome European noctuid moth (Scopelosoma satellitia).

Sat"el*lite, a. (Anat.) Situated near; accompanying; as, the satellite veins, those which accompany the arteries.

Sat`el*li"tious (?), a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, satellites. [R.] Cheyne.

Sath"an*as (?), n. [L. Satanas. See Satan] Satan. [Obs.] Chaucer. Wyclif.

Sa"ti*ate (?), a. [L. satiatus, p. p. of satiare to satisfy, from sat, satis, enough. See Sad, a., and cf. Sate.] Filled to satiety; glutted; sated; -- followed by with or of. "Satiate of applause." Pope.

Sa"ti*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Satiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Satiating.] 1. To satisfy the appetite or desire of; to feed to the full; to furnish enjoyment to, to the extent of desire; to sate; as, to satiate appetite or sense.

These [smells] rather woo the sense than satiate it.

Bacon.

I may yet survive the malice of my enemies, although they should be
satiated with my blood.

Eikon Basilike.

2. To full beyond natural desire; to gratify to repletion or loathing; to surfeit; to glut.

3. To saturate. [Obs.] Sir I. Newton.

Syn. -- To satisfy; sate; suffice; cloy; gorge; overfill; surfeit; glut. -- Satiate, Satisfy, Content. These words differ principally in degree. To content is to make contented, even though every desire or appetite is not fully gratified. To satisfy is to appease fully the longings of desire. To satiate is to fill so completely that it is not possible to receive or enjoy more; hence, to overfill; to cause disgust in.

Content with science in the vale of peace.

Pope.

His whole felicity is endless strife; No peace, no satisfaction,
crowns his life.

Beaumont.

He may be satiated, but not satisfied.

Norris.

Sa`ti*a"tion (?), n. Satiety.

Sa*ti"e*ty (?), n. [L. satietas, from satis, sat, enough: cf. F. satiété.] The state of being satiated or glutted; fullness of gratification, either of the appetite or of any sensual desire; fullness beyond desire; an excess of gratification which excites wearisomeness or loathing; repletion; satiation.

In all pleasures there is satiety.

Hakewill.

But thy words, with grace divine Imbued, bring to their sweetness
no satiety.

Milton.

Syn. -- Repletion; satiation; surfeit; cloyment.

Sat"in (?), n. [F. satin (cf. Pg. setim), fr. It. setino, from seta silk, L. saeta, seta, a thick, stiff hair, a bristle; or possibly ultimately of Chinese origin; cf. Chin. sz-tün, sz- twan. Cf. Sateen.] A silk cloth, of a thick, close texture, and overshot woof, which has a glossy surface.

Cloths of gold and satins rich of hue.

Chaucer.

Denmark satin, a kind of lasting; a stout worsted stuff, woven with a satin twill, used for women's shoes. -- Farmer's satin. See under Farmer. -- Satin bird (Zoöl.), an Australian bower bird. Called also satin grackle. -- Satin flower (Bot.) See Honesty, 4. -- Satin spar. (Min.) (a) A fine fibrous variety of calcite, having a pearly luster. (b) A similar variety of gypsum. -- Satin sparrow (Zoöl.), the shining flycatcher (Myiagra nitida) of Tasmania and Australia. The upper surface of the male is rich blackish green with a metallic luster. -- Satin stone, satin spar.

Sat`i*net" (?), n. [F., fr. satin. See Satin.] 1. A thin kind of satin.

2. A kind of cloth made of cotton warp and woolen filling, used chiefly for trousers.

Sat"in*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The hard, lemon-colored, fragrant wood of an East Indian tree (Chloroxylon Swietenia). It takes a lustrous finish, and is used in cabinetwork. The name is also given to the wood of a species of prickly ash (Xanthoxylum Caribæum) growing in Florida and the West Indies.

Sat"in*y (?), a. Like or composed of satin; glossy; as, to have a satiny appearance; a satiny texture.

Sa"tion (?), n. [L. satio, fr. serere, satum, to sow.] A sowing or planting. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Sat"ire (?; in Eng. often &?;; 277), n. [L. satira, satura, fr. satura (sc. lanx) a dish filled with various kinds of fruits, food composed of various ingredients, a mixture, a medley, fr. satur full of food, sated, fr. sat, satis, enough: cf. F. satire. See Sate, Sad, a., and cf. Saturate.] 1. A composition, generally poetical, holding up vice or folly to reprobation; a keen or severe exposure of what in public or private morals deserves rebuke; an invective poem; as, the Satires of Juvenal.

2. Keeness and severity of remark; caustic exposure to reprobation; trenchant wit; sarcasm.

Syn. -- Lampoon; sarcasm; irony; ridicule; pasquinade; burlesque; wit; humor.

{ Sa*tir"ic (?), Sa*tir"ic*al (?) }, a. [L. satiricus: cf. F. satirique.] 1. Of or pertaining to satire; of the nature of satire; as, a satiric style.

2. Censorious; severe in language; sarcastic; insulting. "Satirical rogue." Shak.

Syn. -- Cutting; caustic; poignant; sarcastic; ironical; bitter; reproachful; abusive.

-- Sa*tir"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Sa*tir"ic*al*ness, n.

Sat"ir*ist (?), n. [Cf. F. satiriste.] One who satirizes; especially, one who writes satire.

The mighty satirist, who . . . had spread terror through the Whig
ranks.

Macaulay.

Sat"ir*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Satirized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Satirizing (?).] [Cf. F. satiriser.] To make the object of satire; to attack with satire; to censure with keenness or severe sarcasm.

It is as hard to satirize well a man of distinguished vices, as to
praise well a man of distinguished virtues.

Swift.

Sat`is*fac"tion (?), n. [OE. satisfaccioun, F. satisfaction, fr. L. satisfactio, fr. satisfacere to satisfy. See Satisfy.] 1. The act of satisfying, or the state of being satisfied; gratification of desire; contentment in possession and enjoyment; repose of mind resulting from compliance with its desires or demands.

The mind having a power to suspend the execution and satisfaction
of any of its desires.

Locke.

2. Settlement of a claim, due, or demand; payment; indemnification; adequate compensation.

We shall make full satisfaction.

Shak.

3. That which satisfies or gratifies; atonement.

Die he, or justice must; unless for him Some other, able, and as
willing, pay The rigid satisfaction, death for death.

Milton.

Syn. -- Contentment; content; gratification; pleasure; recompense; compensation; amends; remuneration; indemnification; atonement.

Sat`is*fac"tive (?), a. Satisfactory. [Obs.]

Satisfactive discernment of fish.

Sir T. Browne.

Sat`is*fac"to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. satisfactoire.] 1. Giving or producing satisfaction; yielding content; especially, relieving the mind from doubt or uncertainty, and enabling it to rest with confidence; sufficient; as, a satisfactory account or explanation.

2. Making amends, indemnification, or recompense; causing to cease from claims and to rest content; compensating; atoning; as, to make satisfactory compensation, or a satisfactory apology.

A most wise and sufficient means of redemption and salvation, by
the satisfactory and meritorious death and obedience of the
incarnate Son of God, Jesus Christ.

Bp. Sanderson.

-- Sat`is*fac"to*ri*ly (#), adv. -- Sat`is*fac"to*ri*ness, n.

Sat"is*fi`a*ble, a. That may be satisfied.

Sat"is*fi`er (?), n. One who satisfies.

Sat"is*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Satisfied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Satisfying (?).] [OF. satisfier; L. satis enough + -ficare (in comp.) to make; cf. F. satisfaire, L. satisfacere. See Sad, a., and Fact.] 1. In general, to fill up the measure of a want of (a person or a thing); hence, to grafity fully the desire of; to make content; to supply to the full, or so far as to give contentment with what is wished for.

Death shall . . . with us two Be forced to satisfy his ravenous
maw.

Milton.

2. To pay to the extent of claims or deserts; to give what is due to; as, to satisfy a creditor.

3. To answer or discharge, as a claim, debt, legal demand, or the like; to give compensation for; to pay off; to requite; as, to satisfy a claim or an execution.

4. To free from doubt, suspense, or uncertainty; to give assurance to; to set at rest the mind of; to convince; as, to satisfy one's self by inquiry.

The standing evidences of the truth of the gospel are in themselves
most firm, solid, and satisfying.

Atterbury.

Syn. -- To satiate; sate; content; grafity; compensate. See Satiate.

Sat"is*fy (?), v. i. 1. To give satisfaction; to afford gratification; to leave nothing to be desired.

2. To make payment or atonement; to atone. Milton.

Sat"is*fy`ing*ly (?), adv. So as to satisfy; satisfactorily.

Sa"tive (?), a. [L. sativus, fr. serere, satum, to sow.] Sown; propagated by seed. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Sa"tle (?), v. t. & i. To settle. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sa"trap (? or ?; 277), n. [L. satrapes, Gr. &?;, fr. OPers. khshatrapvan ruler: cf. F. satrape.] The governor of a province in ancient Persia; hence, a petty autocrat despot.

Sa"trap*al (? or ?), a. Of or pertaining to a satrap, or a satrapy.

Sa"trap*ess (? or ?), n. A female satrap.

Sa*trap"ic*al (?), a. Satrapal. [R.]

Sa"trap*y (?; 277), n.; pl. Satrapies (#). [L. satrapia, satrapea, Gr. &?;: cf. F. satrapie.] The government or jurisdiction of a satrap; a principality. Milton.

Sat"su*ma ware" (? or ?). (Fine Arts) A kind of ornamental hard-glazed pottery made at Satsuma in Kiushu, one of the Japanese islands.

Sat"u*ra*ble (?; 135), a. [L. saturabilis: cf. F. saturable.] Capable of being saturated; admitting of saturation. -- Sat`u*ra*bil"i*ty (#), n.

Sat"u*rant (?), a. [L. saturans, p. pr. See Saturate.] Impregnating to the full; saturating.

Sat"u*rant, n. 1. (Chem.) A substance used to neutralize or saturate the affinity of another substance.

2. (Med.) An antacid, as magnesia, used to correct acidity of the stomach.

Sat"u*rate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saturated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Saturating.] [L. saturatus, p. p. of saturare to saturate, fr. satur full of food, sated. See Satire.] 1. To cause to become completely penetrated, impregnated, or soaked; to fill fully; to sate.

Innumerable flocks and herds covered that vast expanse of emerald
meadow saturated with the moisture of the Atlantic.

Macaulay.

Fill and saturate each kind With good according to its mind.

Emerson.

2. (Chem.) To satisfy the affinity of; to cause to become inert by chemical combination with all that it can hold; as, to saturate phosphorus with chlorine.

Sat"u*rate (?), p. a. [L. saturatus, p. p.] Filled to repletion; saturated; soaked.

Dries his feathers saturate with dew.

Cowper.

The sand beneath our feet is saturate With blood of martyrs.

Longfellow.

Sat"u*ra`ted (?), a. 1. Filled to repletion; holding by absorption, or in solution, all that is possible; as, saturated garments; a saturated solution of salt.

2. (Chem.) Having its affinity satisfied; combined with all it can hold; -- said of certain atoms, radicals, or compounds; thus, methane is a saturated compound. Contrasted with unsaturated.

A saturated compound may exchange certain ingredients for others, but can not take on more without such exchange.

Saturated color (Optics), a color not diluted with white; a pure unmixed color, like those of the spectrum.

Sat`u*ra"tion (?), n. [L. saturatio: cf. F. saturation.] 1. The act of saturating, or the state of being saturating; complete penetration or impregnation.

2. (Chem.) The act, process, or result of saturating a substance, or of combining it to its fullest extent.

3. (Optics) Freedom from mixture or dilution with white; purity; -- said of colors.

The degree of saturation of a color is its relative purity, or freedom from admixture with white.

Sat"u*ra`tor (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, saturates.

Sat"ur*day (?; 48), n. [OE. Saterday, AS. Sæterdæg, Sæterndæg, Sæternesdæg, literally, Saturn's day, fr. L. Saturnus Saturn + AS. dæg day; cf. L. dies Saturni.] The seventh or last day of the week; the day following Friday and preceding Sunday.

Sa*tu"ri*ty (?), n. [L. saturitas, fr. satur full of food, sated.] The state of being saturated; fullness of supply. [Obs.] Warner.

Sa"turn (?), n. [L. Saturnus, literally, the sower, fr. serere, satum, to sow. See Season.] 1. (Roman Myth.) One of the elder and principal deities, the son of Cœlus and Terra (Heaven and Earth), and the father of Jupiter. The corresponding Greek divinity was Kro`nos, later CHro`nos, Time.

2. (Astron.) One of the planets of the solar system, next in magnitude to Jupiter, but more remote from the sun. Its diameter is seventy thousand miles, its mean distance from the sun nearly eight hundred and eighty millions of miles, and its year, or periodical revolution round the sun, nearly twenty-nine years and a half. It is surrounded by a remarkable system of rings, and has eight satellites.

3. (Alchem.) The metal lead. [Archaic]

Sat`ur*na"li*a (?), n. pl. [L. See Saturn.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) The festival of Saturn, celebrated in December, originally during one day, but afterward during seven days, as a period of unrestrained license and merriment for all classes, extending even to the slaves.

2. Hence: A period or occasion of general license, in which the passions or vices have riotous indulgence.

Sat`ur*na"li*an (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the Saturnalia.

2. Of unrestrained and intemperate jollity; riotously merry; dissolute. "Saturnalian amusement." Burke.

Sa*tur"ni*an (?), a. [L. Saturnius.] 1. (Roman Myth.) Of or pertaining to Saturn, whose age or reign, from the mildness and wisdom of his government, is called the golden age.

2. Hence: Resembling the golden age; distinguished for peacefulness, happiness, contentment.

Augustus, born to bring Saturnian times.

Pope.

3. (Astron.) Of or pertaining to the planet Saturn; as, the Saturnian year.

Saturnian verse (Pros.), a meter employed by early Roman satirists, consisting of three iambics and an extra syllable followed by three trochees, as in the line: -- Th quen | ws n | th ktch | n || atng | brad nd | hny.

Sa*tur"ni*an, n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of large handsome moths belonging to Saturnia and allied genera. The luna moth, polyphemus, and promethea, are examples. They belong to the Silkworn family, and some are raised for their silk. See Polyphemus.

Sat`urn*i*cen"tric (?), a. (Astron.) Appearing as if seen from the center of the planet Saturn; relating or referred to Saturn as a center.

Sat"ur*nine (?), a. [L. Saturnus the god Saturn, also, the planet Saturn: cf. F. saturnin of or pertaining to lead (Saturn, in old chemistry, meaning lead), saturnien saturnine, saturnian. See Saturn.] 1. Born under, or influenced by, the planet Saturn.

2. Heavy; grave; gloomy; dull; -- the opposite of mercurial; as, a saturnine person or temper. Addison.

3. (Old Chem.) Of or pertaining to lead; characterized by, or resembling, lead, which was formerly called Saturn. [Archaic]

Saturnine colic (Med.), lead colic.

Sat"ur*nism (?), n. (Med.) Plumbism. Quain.

Sat"ur*nist (?), n. A person of a dull, grave, gloomy temperament. W. Browne.

Sa"tyr (?; 277), n. [L. satyrus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. satyre.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A sylvan deity or demigod, represented as part man and part goat, and characterized by riotous merriment and lasciviousness.

Rough Satyrs danced; and Fauns, with cloven heel, From the glad
sound would not be absent long.

Milton.

2. (Zoöl.) Any one of many species of butterflies belonging to the family Nymphalidæ. Their colors are commonly brown and gray, often with ocelli on the wings. Called also meadow browns.

3. (Zoöl.) The orang- outang.

||Sat`y*ri"a*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;. See Satyr.] Immoderate ||venereal appetite in the male. Quain.

{ Sa*tyr"ic (?), Sa*tyr"ic*al (?) }, a. [L. satyricus, Gr. satyriko`s.] Of or pertaining to satyrs; burlesque; as, satyric tragedy. P. Cyc.

||Sa*tyr"i*on (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. saty`rion.] (Bot.) Any one of ||several kinds of orchids. [Obs.]

Sau"ba ant` (?). (Zoöl.) A South American ant (Œcodoma cephalotes) remarkable for having two large kinds of workers besides the ordinary ones, and for the immense size of its formicaries. The sauba ant cuts off leaves of plants and carries them into its subterranean nests, and thus often does great damage by defoliating trees and cultivated plants.

Sauce (?), n. [F., fr. OF. sausse, LL. salsa, properly, salt pickle, fr. L. salsus salted, salt, p. p. of salire to salt, fr. sal salt. See Salt, and cf. Saucer, Souse pickle, Souse to plunge.] 1. A composition of condiments and appetizing ingredients eaten with food as a relish; especially, a dressing for meat or fish or for puddings; as, mint sauce; sweet sauce, etc. "Poignant sauce." Chaucer.

High sauces and rich spices fetched from the Indies.

Sir S. Baker.

2. Any garden vegetables eaten with meat. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] Forby. Bartlett.

Roots, herbs, vine fruits, and salad flowers . . . they dish up
various ways, and find them very delicious sauce to their meats,
both roasted and boiled, fresh and salt.

Beverly.

3. Stewed or preserved fruit eaten with other food as a relish; as, apple sauce, cranberry sauce, etc. [U.S.] "Stewed apple sauce." Mrs. Lincoln (Cook Book).

4. Sauciness; impertinence. [Low.] Haliwell.

To serve one the same sauce, to retaliate in the same kind. [Vulgar]

Sauce (ss), v. t. [Cf. F. saucer.] [imp. & p. p. Sauced (sst); p. pr. & vb. n. Saucing (s"sng).] 1. To accompany with something intended to give a higher relish; to supply with appetizing condiments; to season; to flavor.

2. To cause to relish anything, as if with a sauce; to tickle or gratify, as the palate; to please; to stimulate; hence, to cover, mingle, or dress, as if with sauce; to make an application to. [R.]

Earth, yield me roots; Who seeks for better of thee, sauce his
palate With thy most operant poison!

Shak.

3. To make poignant; to give zest, flavor or interest to; to set off; to vary and render attractive.

Then fell she to sauce her desires with threatenings.

Sir P. Sidney.

Thou sayest his meat was sauced with thy upbraidings.

Shak.

4. To treat with bitter, pert, or tart language; to be impudent or saucy to. [Colloq. or Low]

I'll sauce her with bitter words.

Shak.

||Sauce (ss), n. [F.] (Fine Art) A soft crayon for use in stump drawing ||or in shading with the stump.

Sauce"-a*lone` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) Jack-by-the-hedge. See under Jack.

Sauce"box` (?), n. [See Sauce, and Saucy.] A saucy, impudent person; especially, a pert child.

Saucebox, go, meddle with your lady's fan, And prate not here!

A. Brewer.

Sauce"pan` (?), n. A small pan with a handle, in which sauce is prepared over a fire; a stewpan.

Sau"cer (?), n. [F. saucière, from sauce. See Sauce.] 1. A small pan or vessel in which sauce was set on a table. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. A small dish, commonly deeper than a plate, in which a cup is set at table.

3. Something resembling a saucer in shape. Specifically: (a) A flat, shallow caisson for raising sunken ships. (b) A shallow socket for the pivot of a capstan.

Sau"ci*ly (?), adv. In a saucy manner; impudently; with impertinent boldness. Addison.

Sau"ci*ness, n. The quality or state of being saucy; that which is saucy; impertinent boldness; contempt of superiors; impudence.

Your sauciness will jest upon my love.

Shak.

Syn. -- Impudence; impertinence; rudeness; insolence. See Impudence.

{ ||Sau`cis`son" (?), Sau`cisse" (?) }, n. [F., fr. saucisse sausage. See Sausage.] 1. (Mining or Gun.) A long and slender pipe or bag, made of cloth well pitched, or of leather, filled with powder, and used to communicate fire to mines, caissons, bomb chests, etc.

2. (Fort.) A fascine of more than ordinary length.

Sau"cy (?), a. [Compar. Saucier (?); superl. Sauciest.] [From Sauce.] 1. Showing impertinent boldness or pertness; transgressing the rules of decorum; treating superiors with contempt; impudent; insolent; as, a saucy fellow.

Am I not protector, saucy priest?

Shak.

2. Expressive of, or characterized by, impudence; impertinent; as, a saucy eye; saucy looks.

We then have done you bold and saucy wrongs.

Shak.

Syn. -- Impudent; insolent; impertinent; rude.

Sauer"kraut` (?), n. [G., fr. sauer sour + kraut herb, cabbage.] Cabbage cut fine and allowed to ferment in a brine made of its own juice with salt, -- a German dish.

Sauf (?), a. Safe. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sauf, conj. & prep. Save; except. [Obs.] "Sauf I myself." Chaucer.

Sauf"ly, adv. Safely. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sau"ger (?), n. (Zoöl.) An American fresh-water food fish (Stizostedion Canadense); -- called also gray pike, blue pike, hornfish, land pike, sand pike, pickering, and pickerel.

{ Saugh, Sauh (?) }, obs. imp. sing. of See. Chaucer.

Sauks (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) Same as Sacs.

Saul (?), n. Soul. [Obs.]

Saul, n. Same as Sal, the tree.

Sau"lie (?), n. A hired mourner at a funeral. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

||Sault (?), n. [OF., F. saut, fr. L. saltus. See Salt a leap.] A rapid ||in some rivers; as, the Sault Ste. Marie. [U.S.] Bartlett.

Saun"ders (?), n. See Sandress.

Saun"ders-blue` (?), n. [Corrupted fr. F. cendres bleues blue ashes.] A kind of color prepared from calcined lapis lazuli; ultramarine; also, a blue prepared from carbonate of copper. [Written also sanders-blue.]

Saun"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sauntered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sauntering.] [Written also santer.] [Probably fr. F. s'aventurer to adventure (one's self), through a shortened form s'auntrer. See Adventure, n. & v.] To wander or walk about idly and in a leisurely or lazy manner; to lounge; to stroll; to loiter.

One could lie under elm trees in a lawn, or saunter in meadows by
the side of a stream.

Masson.

Syn. -- To loiter; linger; stroll; wander.

Saun"ter, n. A sauntering, or a sauntering place.

That wheel of fops, that saunter of the town.

Young.

Saun"ter*er (?), n. One who saunters.

Saur (?), n. [Contracted from Gael. salachar filth, nastiness, fr. salach nasty, fr. sal filth, refuse.] Soil; dirt; dirty water; urine from a cowhouse. [Prov. Eng.]

Sau"rel (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any carangoid fish of the genus Trachurus, especially T. trachurus, or T. saurus, of Europe and America, and T. picturatus of California. Called also skipjack, and horse mackerel.

||Sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; a lizard.] (Zoöl.) A division ||of Reptilia formerly established to include the Lacertilia, ||Crocodilia, Dinosauria, and other groups. By some writers the name is ||restricted to the Lacertilia.

Sau"ri*an (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to, or of the nature of, the Sauria. -- n. One of the Sauria.

Sau"ri*oid (?), a. (Zoöl.) Same as Sauroid.

||Sau"ro*ba*tra"chi*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Sauria, and Batrachia.] ||(Zoöl.) The Urodela.

Sau*rog"na*thous (?), a. [Gr. &?; a lizard + &?; the jaw.] (Zoöl.) Having the bones of the palate arranged as in saurians, the vomer consisting of two lateral halves, as in the woodpeckers (Pici).

Sau"roid (?), a. [Gr. &?; a lizard + -oid: cf. Gr. &?; lizardlike.] (Zoöl.) (a) Like or pertaining to the saurians. (b) Resembling a saurian superficially; as, a sauroid fish.

Sau`roid*ich"nite (?), n. [See Sauroid, and Ichnite.] (Paleon.) The fossil track of a saurian.

||Sau*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a lizard + -poda.] ||(Paleon.) An extinct order of herbivorous dinosaurs having the feet ||of a saurian type, instead of birdlike, as they are in many ||dinosaurs. It includes the largest known land animals, belonging to ||Brontosaurus, Camarasaurus, and allied genera. See Illustration in ||Appendix.

||Sau*rop"si*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a lizard + &?; ||appearance.] (Zoöl.) A comprehensive group of vertebrates, comprising ||the reptiles and birds.

||Sau*rop`te*ryg"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a lizard + &?;, &?;, ||a wing.] (Paleon.) Same as Plesiosauria.

||Sau*ru"ræ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a lizard + &?; a tail.] ||(Paleon.) An extinct order of birds having a long vertebrated tail ||with quills along each side of it. Archæopteryx is the type. See ||Archæopteryx, and Odontornithes.

Sau"ry (?), n.; pl. Sauries (#). [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.) A slender marine fish (Scomberesox saurus) of Europe and America. It has long, thin, beaklike jaws. Called also billfish, gowdnook, gawnook, skipper, skipjack, skopster, lizard fish, and Egypt herring.