Chapter C: J. Grece (Trans. Maetzner's Gram.)

Syn"dic (?), n. [L. syndictus, Gr. &?; helping in a court of justice, advocate; sy`n with + &?; justice, akin to &?; to show: cf. F. syndic. See Teach.] 1. An officer of government, invested with different powers in different countries; a magistrate.

2. (Law) An agent of a corporation, or of any body of men engaged in a business enterprise; an advocate or patron; an assignee.

In France, syndics are appointed by the creditors of a bankrupt to manage the property. Almost all the companies in Paris, the university, and the like, have their syndics. The university of Cambridge, Eng., has its syndics, who are chosen from the senate to transact special business, such as the regulation of fees, the framing of laws, etc.

Syn"di*cate (?), n. [Cf. F. syndicat, LL. syndicatus.] 1. The office or jurisdiction of a syndic; a council, or body of syndics. Bp. Burnet.

2. An association of persons officially authorized to undertake some duty or to negotiate some business; also, an association of persons who combine to carry out, on their own account, a financial or industrial project; as, a syndicate of bankers formed to take up and dispose of an entire issue of government bonds.

Syn"di*cate (?), v. t. [LL. syndicatus, p. p. of syndicare to censure.] To judge; to censure. [Obs.]

||Syn"dro*me (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;; sy`n with + &?; a course, a ||running.] Concurrence. [R.] Glanvill.

Syn`dy*as"mi*an (?), a. [Gr. syndyasmo`s a pairing, fr. syndya`zein to pair.] Pertaining to the state of pairing together sexually; -- said of animals during periods of procreation and while rearing their offspring. Morgan.

Syne (?), adv. [See Since.] 1. Afterwards; since; ago. [Obs. or Scot.] R. of Brunne.

2. Late, -- as opposed to soon.

[Each rogue] shall be discovered either soon or syne.

W. Hamilton (Life of Wallace).

Syne, conj. Since; seeing. [Scot.]

Syn*ec"do*che (sn*k"d*k), n. [L. synecdoche, Gr. synekdochh`, fr. to receive jointly; sy`n with + &?; to receive; &?; out + &?; to receive.] (Rhet.) A figure or trope by which a part of a thing is put for the whole (as, fifty sail for fifty ships), or the whole for a part (as, the smiling year for spring), the species for the genus (as, cutthroat for assassin), the genus for the species (as, a creature for a man), the name of the material for the thing made, etc. Bain.

Syn`ec*doch"ic*al (?), a. Expressed by synecdoche; implying a synecdoche.

Isis is used for Themesis by a synecdochical kind of speech, or by
a poetical liberty, in using one for another.

Drayton.

Syn`ec*doch"ic*al*ly, adv. By synecdoche.

||Syn*e"chi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to hold together; sy`n ||with + &?; to hold.] (Med.) A disease of the eye, in which the iris ||adheres to the cornea or to the capsule of the crystalline lens.

||Syn*ec`pho*ne"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to utter ||together.] (Gram.) A contraction of two syllables into one; ||synizesis.

Syn*e"dral (?), a. [Gr. &?; sitting with; sy`n with + "e`dra seat.] (Bot.) Growing on the angles of a stem, as the leaves in some species of Selaginella.

||Syn`en*tog"na*thi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. sy`n with + 'ento`s ||within + gna`qos jaw.] (Zoöl.) An order of fishes, resembling the ||Physoclisti, without spines in the dorsal, anal, and ventral fins. It ||includes the true flying fishes.

Syn"e*py (?), n. [Gr. &?;; sy`n with + &?; a word.] (Rhet.) The interjunction, or joining, of words in uttering the clauses of sentences.

Syn*er"e*sis (?), n. Same as Synæresis.

Syn`er*get"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to work together; sy`n with + 'e`rgon work.] Working together; coöperating; as, synergetic muscles.

Syn"er*gism (?), n. [See Synergetic.] (Theol.) The doctrine or theory, attributed to Melanchthon, that in the regeneration of a human soul there is a coöperation, or joint agency, on the part both of God and of man.

Syn"er*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. synergiste.] 1. One who holds the doctrine of synergism.

2. (Med.) A remedy which has an action similar to that of another remedy, and hence increases the efficiency of that remedy when combined with it.

Syn`er*gis"tic (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to synergism. "A synergistic view of regeneration." Shedd.

2. Coöperating; synergetic.

Syn"er*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;. See Synergetic.] Combined action; especially (Med.), the combined healthy action of every organ of a particular system; as, the digestive synergy.

||Syn`ge*ne"si*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. sy`n with, together + &?; ||generation, birth.] (Bot.) A Linnæan class of plants in which the ||stamens are united by the anthers.

{ Syn`ge*ne"sian (?), Syn`ge*ne"sious (?), } a. (Bot.) Having the stamens united by the anthers; of or pertaining to the Syngenesia.

Syn*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Pref. syn- + genesis.] (Biol.) A theory of generation in which each germ is supposed to contain the germs of all subsequent generations; -- the opposite of epigenesis.

||Syng"na*thi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. sy`n with + &?; jaw.] (Zoöl.) A ||suborder of lophobranch fishes which have an elongated snout and lack ||the ventral and first dorsal fins. The pipefishes and sea horses are ||examples. -- Syng"na*thous (#), a.

Syn"graph (?), n. [L. syngrapha, Gr. &?;; sy`n with + &?; to write.] (Law) A writing signed by both or all the parties to a contract or bond.

||Syn`i*ze"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to sit together; sy`n ||with + &?; to sit.] 1. (Med.) An obliteration of the pupil of the ||eye.

2. (Gram.) A contraction of two syllables into one; synecphonesis.

||Syn`neo*ro"sis (?), n.; pl. Synneuroses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; sy`n ||with + &?; a sinew, ligament.] (Anat.) Syndesmosis.

||Syn"o*cha (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a holding together. See ||Synechia.] (Med.) See Synochus. [Obs.]

Syn"o*chal (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to synocha; like synocha. [Obs.]

||Syn"o*chus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; joined together.] (Med.) A ||continuous fever. [Obs.]

Synocha and synochus were used as epithets of two distinct types of fever, but in different senses at different periods. The same disease is placed under synocha by one author, under synochus by another. Quain.

Syn"o*cil (?), n. [Pref. syn- + cilium.] (Zoöl.) A sense organ found in certain sponges. It consists of several filaments, each of which arises from a single cell.

Syn"od (sn"d), n. [L. synodus, Gr. sy`nodos a meeting; sy`n with + "odo`s a way; cf. AS. sinoð, senoð, F. synode, both from the Latin.] 1. (Eccl. Hist.) An ecclesiastic council or meeting to consult on church matters.

Synods are of four kinds: 1. General, or ecumenical, which are composed of bishops from different nations; -- commonly called general council. 2. National, composed of bishops of one nation only. 3. Provincial, in which the bishops of only one province meet; -- called also convocations. 4. Diocesan, a synod in which the bishop of the diocese or his representative presides. Among Presbyterians, a synod is composed of several adjoining presbyteries. The members are the ministers and a ruling elder from each parish.

2. An assembly or council having civil authority; a legislative body.

It hath in solemn synods been decreed, Both by the Syracusians and
ourselves, To admit no traffic to our adverse towns.

Shak.

Parent of gods and men, propitious Jove! And you, bright synod of
the powers above.

Dryden.

3. (Astron.) A conjunction of two or more of the heavenly bodies. [R.] Milton.

Syn"od*al (?), a. [L. synodalis: cf. F. synodal.] Synodical. Milton.

Syn"od*al, n. 1. (Ch. of Eng.) A tribute in money formerly paid to the bishop or archdeacon, at the time of his Easter visitation, by every parish priest, now made to the ecclesiastical commissioners; a procuration.

Synodals are due, of common right, to the bishop only.

Gibson.

2. A constitution made in a provincial or diocesan synod.

{ Syn*od"ic (?), Syn*od"ic*al (?), } a. [L. synodicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. synodique.] 1. (Eccl.) Of or pertaining to a synod; transacted in, or authorized by, a synod; as, synodical proceedings or forms. "A synodical epistle." Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. (Astron.) Pertaining to conjunction, especially to the period between two successive conjunctions; extending from one conjunction, as of the moon or a planet with the sun, to the next; as, a synodical month (see Lunar month, under Month); the synodical revolution of the moon or a planet.

Syn*od"ic*al*ly, adv. In a synodical manner; in a synod; by the authority of a synod. "Synodically agreed upon." R. Nelson.

Syn"od*ist (?), n. An adherent to a synod.

These synodists thought fit in Latin as yet to veil their decrees
from vulgar eyes.

Fuller.

Syn*œ"cious (?), a. [Pref. syn- + Gr. &?; house.] (Bot.) Having stamens and pistil in the same head, or, in mosses, having antheridia and archegonia on the same receptacle.

Syn*om"o*cy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to swear with or together; sy`n with + &?; to swear.] Sworn brotherhood; a society in ancient Greece nearly resembling a modern political club.

Syn"o*nym (sn"*nm), n.; pl. Synonyms (- nmz). [F. synonyme, L. synonyma, pl. of synonymum, Gr. synw`nymon. See Synonymous.] One of two or more words (commonly words of the same language) which are equivalents of each other; one of two or more words which have very nearly the same signification, and therefore may often be used interchangeably. See under Synonymous. [Written also synonyme.]

All languages tend to clear themselves of synonyms as intellectual
culture advances, the superfluous words being taken up and
appropriated by new shades and combinations of thought evolved in
the progress of society.

De Quincey.

His name has thus become, throughout all civilized countries, a
synonym for probity and philanthropy.

Macaulay.

In popular literary acceptation, and as employed in special
dictionaries of such words, synonyms are words sufficiently alike
in general signification to be liable to be confounded, but yet so
different in special definition as to require to be distinguished.

G. P. Marsh.

||Syn*on"y*ma (sn*n"*m), n. pl. [L.] Synonyms. [Obs.] Fuller.

Syn*on"y*mal (?), a. Synonymous. [Obs.]

Syn*on"y*mal*ly, adv. Synonymously. [Obs.]

Syn"o*nyme (?), n. Same as Synonym.

Syn`o*nym"ic (?), n. [Cf. G. synonymik. See Synonymous.] (Gram.) The science, or the scientific treatment, of synonymous words.

{ Syn`o*nym"ic (?), Syn`o*nym"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to synonyms, or synonymic; synonymous.

||Syn`o*nym"i*con (?), n. [NL.] A dictionary of synonyms. C. J. Smith.

Syn*on"y*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. synonymiste.] One who collects or explains synonyms.

Syn*on"y*mize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Synonymized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Synonymizing (?).] To express by a synonym or synonyms; to give the synonym or synonyms corresponding to.

This word "fortis" we may synonymize after all these fashions:
stout, hardy, valiant, doughty, courageous, adventurous, brave,
bold, daring, intrepid.

Camden.

Syn*on"y*mous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; sy`n with, together + &?;, &?;, name. See Syn-, and Name.] Having the character of a synonym; expressing the same thing; conveying the same, or approximately the same, idea. -- Syn*on"y*mous*ly, adv.

These words consist of two propositions, which are not distinct in
sense, but one and the same thing variously expressed; for wisdom
and understanding are synonymous words here.

Tillotson.

Syn. -- Identical; interchangeable. -- Synonymous, Identical. If no words are synonymous except those which are identical in use and meaning, so that the one can in all cases be substituted for the other, we have scarcely ten such words in our language. But the term more properly denotes that the words in question approach so near to each other, that, in many or most cases, they can be used interchangeably. 1. Words may thus coincide in certain connections, and so be interchanged, when they can not be interchanged in other connections; thus we may speak either strength of mind or of force of mind, but we say the force (not strength) of gravitation. 2. Two words may differ slightly, but this difference may be unimportant to the speaker's object, so that he may freely interchange them; thus it makes but little difference, in most cases, whether we speak of a man's having secured his object or having attained his object. For these and other causes we have numerous words which may, in many cases or connections, be used interchangeably, and these are properly called synonyms. Synonymous words "are words which, with great and essential resemblances of meaning, have, at the same time, small, subordinate, and partial differences, -- these differences being such as either originally and on the ground of their etymology inhered in them; or differences which they have by usage acquired in the eyes of all; or such as, though nearly latent now, they are capable of receiving at the hands of wise and discreet masters of the tongue. Synonyms are words of like significance in the main, but with a certain unlikeness as well." Trench.

Syn*on"y*my (?), n. [L. synonymia, Gr. &?; a synonym: cf. F. synonymie.] 1. The quality of being synonymous; sameness of meaning.

2. A system of synonyms.

3. (Rhet.) A figure by which synonymous words are used to amplify a discourse.

Syn*op"sis (?), n.; pl. Synopses (#). [L., from Gr. &?;; sy`n with, together + &?; a sight, view, from the root seen in E. optic.] A general view, or a collection of heads or parts so arranged as to exhibit a general view of the whole; an abstract or summary of a discourse; a syllabus; a conspectus.

That the reader may see in one view the exactness of the method, as
well as force of the argument, I shall here draw up a short
synopsis of this epistle.

Bp. Warburton.

Syn. -- Abridgment; compendium; epitome; abstract; summary; syllabus; conspectus. See Abridgment.

{ Syn*op"tic (?), Syn*op"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. synoptique. See Synopsis.] Affording a general view of the whole, or of the principal parts of a thing; as, a synoptic table; a synoptical statement of an argument. "The synoptic Gospels." Alford. -- Syn*op"tic*al*ly, adv.

Syn*op"tic, n. One of the first three Gospels of the New Testament. See Synoptist.

Syn*op"tist (?), n. Any one of the authors of the three synoptic Gospels, which give a history of our Lord's life and ministry, in distinction from the writer of John's Gospel, which gives a fuller record of his teachings.

Syn*os`te*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Pref. syn- + Gr. &?; bone + -logy.] That part of anatomy which treats of joints; arthrology.

||Syn*os`te*o"sis (?), n.; pl. Synosteoses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. sy`n with ||+ &?; bone.] (Anat.) Union by means of bone; the complete closing up ||and obliteration of sutures.

||Syn`os*to"sis (?), n. [NL.] Same as Synosteosis.

||Syn*o"vi*a (?), n. [NL., perhaps fr. Gr. sy`n with + L. ovum egg: cf. ||F. synovie.] (Anat.) A transparent, viscid, lubricating fluid which ||contains mucin and secreted by synovial membranes; synovial fluid.

<! p. 1465 !>

Syn*o"vi*al (?), a. [Cf. F. synovial.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to synovia; secreting synovia.

Synovial capsule, a closed sac of synovial membrane situated between the articular surfaces at diarthrodial joints. -- Synovial fluid, synovia. -- Synovial membrane, the dense and very smooth connective tissue membrane which secretes synovia and surrounds synovial capsules and other synovial cavities.

||Syn`o*vi"tis (?), n. [NL. See Synovia, -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of ||the synovial membrane.

Syn*pel"mous (?), a. [Pref. syn- + &?; the sole of the foot.] (Zoöl.) Having the two main flexor tendons of the toes blended together.

Syn*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. syn- + sepal.] (Bot.) Having united sepals; gamosepalous.

{ Syn*tac"tic (?), Syn*tac"tic*al (?), } a. [Cf. G. &?; putting together. See Syntax.] Of or pertaining to syntax; according to the rules of syntax, or construction. -- Syn*tac"tic*al*ly, adv.

Syn"tax (?), n. [L. syntaxis, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to put together in order; sy`n with + &?; to put in order; cf. F. syntaxe. See Syn-, and Tactics.] 1. Connected system or order; union of things; a number of things jointed together; organism. [Obs.]

They owe no other dependence to the first than what is common to
the whole syntax of beings.

Glanvill.

2. That part of grammar which treats of the construction of sentences; the due arrangement of words in sentences in their necessary relations, according to established usage in any language.

||Syn*tax"is (?), n. Syntax. [R.] B. Jonson.

Syn`te*re"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; preservation, fr. &?; to preserve; sy`n with + &?; to guard.] 1. (Med.) Prophylaxis. [Obs.]

2. (Metaph.) Conscience viewed as the internal repository of the laws of duty. Whewell.

Syn`te*ret"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;.] (Med.) Preserving health; prophylactic. [Obs.]

Syn`te*ret"ics (?), n. (Med.) That department of medicine which relates to the preservation of health; prophylaxis. [Obs.]

Syn*ther"mal (?), a. [Pref. syn- + thermal.] Having the same degree of heat.

Syn"the*sis (?), n.; pl. Syntheses (#). [L., a mixture, properly, a putting together, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to place or put together; sy`n with + &?; to place. See Thesis.] 1. Composition, or the putting of two or more things together, as in compounding medicines.

2. (Chem.) The art or process of making a compound by putting the ingredients together, as contrasted with analysis; thus, water is made by synthesis from hydrogen and oxygen; hence, specifically, the building up of complex compounds by special reactions, whereby their component radicals are so grouped that the resulting substances are identical in every respect with the natural articles when such occur; thus, artificial alcohol, urea, indigo blue, alizarin, etc., are made by synthesis.

3. (Logic) The combination of separate elements of thought into a whole, as of simple into complex conceptions, species into genera, individual propositions into systems; -- the opposite of analysis.

Analysis and synthesis, though commonly treated as two different
methods, are, if properly understood, only the two necessary parts
of the same method. Each is the relative and correlative of the
other.

Sir W. Hamilton.

Syn"the*sist (?), n. One who employs synthesis, or who follows synthetic methods.

Syn"the*size (?), v. t. 1. To combine by synthesis; to unite.

2. To produce by synthesis; as, to synthesize albumin.

{ Syn*thet"ic (?), Syn*thet"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. synthétique.] 1. Of or pertaining to synthesis; consisting in synthesis or composition; as, the synthetic method of reasoning, as opposed to analytical.

Philosophers hasten too much from the analytic to the synthetic
method; that is, they draw general conclusions from too small a
number of particular observations and experiments.

Bolingbroke.

2. (Chem.) Artificial. Cf. Synthesis, 2.

3. (Zoöl.) Comprising within itself structural or other characters which are usually found only in two or more diverse groups; -- said of species, genera, and higher groups. See the Note under Comprehensive, 3.

Synthetic, or Synthetical language, an inflectional language, or one characterized by grammatical endings; -- opposed to analytic language. R. Morris.

Syn*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. In a synthetic manner.

Syn"the*tize (?), v. t. [Cf. Gr. &?;.] To combine; to unite in regular structure. [R.]

Syn"to*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to cut short; sy`n with + &?; to cut.] Brevity; conciseness. [R.]

Syn"to*nin (?), n. [Cf. Gr. &?; stretched tight, intense.] (Physiol. Chem.) A proteid substance (acid albumin) formed from the albuminous matter of muscle by the action of dilute acids; -- formerly called musculin. See Acid albumin, under Albumin.

Sy"pher*ing (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Carp.) The lapping of chamfered edges of planks to make a smooth surface, as for a bulkhead.

Syph"i*lide (?), n. [F.] (Med.) A cutaneous eruption due to syphilis.

Syph"i*lis (?), n. [NL., fr. Syphilus, the name of a shepherd in the Latin poem of Fracastoro, "Syphilus, sive Morbus Gallicus," which was published in 1530; Gr. &?; hog, swine + &?; dear, loving. The term was introduced into nosology by Sauvages.] (Med.) The pox, or venereal disease; a chronic, specific, infectious disease, usually communicated by sexual intercourse or by hereditary transmission, and occurring in three stages known as primary, secondary, and tertiary syphilis. See under Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary.

Syph`i*lit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. syphilitique.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to syphilis; of the nature of syphilis; affected with syphilis. -- n. A syphilitic patient.

Syph`i*lit"ic*al*ly (?), adv. (Med.) In a syphilitic manner; with venereal disease.

Syph`i*li*za"tion (?), n. (Med.) Inoculation with the syphilitic virus, especially when employed as a preventive measure, like vaccination.

Syph"i*lize (?), v. t. (Med.) To inoculate with syphilis.

Syph"i*lo*derm (?), n. [See Syphilis, and Derm.] (Med.) A cutaneous affection due to syphilis.

Syph`i*lo*der"ma*tous (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to the cutaneous manifestations of syphilis.

Syph"i*loid (?), a. [Syphilis + -oid.] (Med.) Resembling syphilis.

Syph`i*lol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in syphilology.

Syph`i*lol"o*gy (?), n. [Syphilis + -logy.] That branch of medicine which treats of syphilis.

Sy"phon (?), n. See Syphon.

Syr"a*cuse (?), n. A red wine of Italy.

Sy"ren (?), n. See Siren. [R.]

Syr"i*ac (?), a. [L. Syriacus, from Syria: cf. F. syriaque.] Of or pertaining to Syria, or its language; as, the Syriac version of the Pentateuch. -- n. The language of Syria; especially, the ancient language of that country.

Syr"i*a*cism (?), n. A Syrian idiom; a Syrianism.

Syr"i*an (?), a. [L. Syrius: cf. F. Syrien.] Of or pertaining to Syria; Syriac. -- n. A native of Syria.

Syr"i*an*ism (?), n. A Syrian idiom, or a peculiarity of the Syrian language; a Syriacism. Paley.

Syr"i*asm (?), n. A Syrian idiom; a Syrianism; a Syriacism. M. Stuart.

The Scripture Greek is observed to be full of Syriasms and
Hebraisms.

Bp. Warburton.

Sy*rin"ga (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a shepherd's pipe, tube. Cf. Syringe.] (Bot.) (a) A genus of plants; the lilac. (b) The mock orange; -- popularly so called because its stems were formerly used as pipestems.

Syr"inge (?), n. [F. seringue (cf. Pr. siringua, Sp. jeringa, It. sciringa, scilinga), fg. Gr. &?;, &?;, a pipe or tube; cf. Skr. svar to sound, and E. swarum. Cf. Syringa.] A kind of small hand-pump for throwing a stream of liquid, or for purposes of aspiration. It consists of a small cylindrical barrel and piston, or a bulb of soft elastic material, with or without valves, and with a nozzle which is sometimes at the end of a flexible tube; -- used for injecting animal bodies, cleansing wounds, etc.

Garden syringe. See Garden.

Syr"inge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Syringed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Syringing (?).] 1. To inject by means of a syringe; as, to syringe warm water into a vein.

2. To wash and clean by injection from a syringe.

Sy*rin"ge*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the syrinx; as, the syringeal muscle.

Sy*rin"gin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in the bark of the lilac (Syringa) and extracted as a white crystalline substance; -- formerly called also lilacin.

||Sy*rin"go*cœle (?), n. [Syrinx + Gr. &?; hollow.] (Anat.) The central ||canal of the spinal cord. B. G. Wilder.

Sy*rin"go*tome (?), n. [Cf. F. syringotome. See Syringotomy.] (Surg. & Anat.) A small blunt-pointed bistoury, -- used in syringotomy.

Syr`in*got"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; a tube, a hollow sore + &?; to cut: cf. F. syringotomie.] (Surg.) The operation of cutting for anal fistula.

Syr"inx (?), n.; pl. Syringes (#). [NL., from Gr. &?; a pipe.] 1. (Mus.) A wind instrument made of reeds tied together; -- called also pandean pipes.

2. (Anat.) The lower larynx in birds.

In birds there are two laringes, an upper or true, but voiceless, larynx in the usual position behind the tongue, and a lower one, at or near the junction of the trachea and bronchi, which is the true organ of the voice.

||Syr"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to drag.] (Class. Antiq.) A ||long dress, trailing on the floor, worn by tragic actors in Greek and ||Roman theaters.

Syr"phi*an (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the syrphus flies. -- n. (Zoöl.) A syrphus fly.

Syr"phus fly` (?). [NL. Syrphus, the generic name, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a kind of winged insect.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of dipterous flies of the genus Syrphus and allied genera. They are usually bright-colored, with yellow bands, and hover around plants. The larvæ feed upon plant lice, and are, therefore, very beneficial to agriculture.

Syrt (?), n. [L. syrtis a sand bank in the sea, Gr. &?;: cf. F. syrte.] A quicksand; a bog. [R.] Young.

Syr"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a syrt; resembling syrt, or quicksand. [R.] Ed. Rev.

||Syr"tis (?), n.; pl. Syrtes (#). [See Syrt.] A quicksand.

Quenched in a boggy syrtis, neither sea Nor good dry land.

Milton.

{ Syr"up (?), n., Syr"up*y (?) }, a. [See Sirup.] Same as Sirup, Sirupy.

||Sys`sar*co"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to unite by flesh, ||to cover over with flesh; sy`n with + &?;, &?;, flesh.] (Anat.) The ||junction of bones by intervening muscles.

Sys*tal"tic (?), a. [L. systalticus drawing together, Gr. &?;, from &?; to draw together. Cf. Sustaltic, Systole.] (Physiol.) Capable of, or taking place by, alternate contraction and dilatation; as, the systaltic action of the heart.

||Sys"ta*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to stand together. See ||under System.] A political union, confederation, or league. [R.] ||Burke.

Sys"tem (?), n. [L. systema, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to place together; sy`n with + &?; to place: cf. F. système. See Stand.] 1. An assemblage of objects arranged in regular subordination, or after some distinct method, usually logical or scientific; a complete whole of objects related by some common law, principle, or end; a complete exhibition of essential principles or facts, arranged in a rational dependence or connection; a regular union of principles or parts forming one entire thing; as, a system of philosophy; a system of government; a system of divinity; a system of botany or chemistry; a military system; the solar system.

The best way to learn any science, is to begin with a regular
system, or a short and plain scheme of that science well drawn up
into a narrow compass.

I. Watts.

2. Hence, the whole scheme of created things regarded as forming one complete plan of whole; the universe. "The great system of the world." Boyle.

3. Regular method or order; formal arrangement; plan; as, to have a system in one's business.

4. (Mus.) The collection of staves which form a full score. See Score, n.

5. (Biol.) An assemblage of parts or organs, either in animal or plant, essential to the performance of some particular function or functions which as a rule are of greater complexity than those manifested by a single organ; as, the capillary system, the muscular system, the digestive system, etc.; hence, the whole body as a functional unity.

6. (Zoöl.) One of the stellate or irregular clusters of intimately united zooids which are imbedded in, or scattered over, the surface of the common tissue of many compound ascidians.

Block system, Conservative system, etc. See under Block, Conservative, etc.

{ Sys`tem*at"ic (?), Sys`tem*at"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. systématique.] 1. Of or pertaining to system; consisting in system; methodical; formed with regular connection and adaptation or subordination of parts to each other, and to the design of the whole; as, a systematic arrangement of plants or animals; a systematic course of study.

Now we deal much in essays, and unreasonably despise systematical
learning; whereas our fathers had a just value for regularity and
systems.

I. Watts.

A representation of phenomena, in order to answer the purposes of
science, must be systematic.

Whewell.

2. Proceeding according to system, or regular method; as, a systematic writer; systematic benevolence.

3. Pertaining to the system of the world; cosmical.

These ends may be called cosmical, or systematical.

Boyle.

4. (Med.) Affecting successively the different parts of the system or set of nervous fibres; as, systematic degeneration.

Systematic theology. See under Theology.

Sys`tem*at"ic*al*ly, adv. In a systematic manner; methodically.

Sys"tem*a*tism (?), n. The reduction of facts or principles to a system. Dunglison.

Sys"tem*a*tist (?), n. [Cf. F. systématiste.] 1. One who forms a system, or reduces to system.

2. One who adheres to a system.

Sys`tem*a*ti*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. systématization.] The act or operation of systematizing.

Sys"tem*a*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Systematized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Systematizing (?).] [Cf. F. systématiser. Cf. Systemize.] To reduce to system or regular method; to arrange methodically; to methodize; as, to systematize a collection of plants or minerals; to systematize one's work; to systematize one's ideas.

Diseases were healed, and buildings erected, before medicine and
architecture were systematized into arts.

Harris.

Sys"tem*a*ti`zer (?), n. One who systematizes.

Aristotle may be called the systematizer of his master's doctrines.

Harris.

Sys`tem*a*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, system + -logy.] The doctrine of, or a treatise upon, systems. Dunglison.

Sys*tem"ic (?), a. 1. Of or relating to a system; common to a system; as, the systemic circulation of the blood.

2. (Anat. & Physiol.) Of or pertaining to the general system, or the body as a whole; as, systemic death, in distinction from local death; systemic circulation, in distinction from pulmonic circulation; systemic diseases.

Systemic death. See the Note under Death, n., 1.

Sys`tem*i*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of systematizing; systematization.

Sys"tem*ize (ss"tm*z), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Systemized (- zd); p. pr. & vb. n. Systemizing (- `zng).] [Cf. Systematize.] To reduce to system; to systematize.

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Sys"tem*i`zer (ss"tm*`zr), n. One who systemizes, or reduces to system; a systematizer.

Sys"tem*less, a. 1. Being without system.

2. (Nat. Hist.) Not agreeing with some artificial system of classification.

3. (Biol.) Not having any of the distinct systems or types of structure, as the radiate, articulate, etc., characteristic of organic nature; as, all unicellular organisms are systemless.

Sys"to*le (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to contract; sy`n with + &?; to set, place.] 1. (Gram.) The shortening of the long syllable.

2. (Physiol.) The contraction of the heart and arteries by which the blood is forced onward and the circulation kept up; -- correlative to diastole.

Sys*tol"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to systole, or contraction; contracting; esp., relating to the systole of the heart; as, systolic murmur. Dunglison.

Sys"tyle (?), a. [L. systylos, Gr. sy`n with columns standing close; sy`n with + &?; a column: cf. F. systyle.] (Arch.) Having a space equal to two diameters or four modules between two columns; -- said of a portico or building. See Intercolumniation. -- n. A systyle temple or other edifice.

{ Syth (?), Sythe (?) }, prep., adv., conj. & n. See Sith, Sithe. [Obs.] Chaucer. Piers Plowman.

Sythe (?), n. Scythe. [Obs. or R.]

Sy*zyg"i*al (?), a. Pertaining to a syzygy.

Syz"y*gy (sz"*j), n.; pl. Syzygies (- jz). [L. syzygia a joining together, conjunction, Gr. syzygi`a; sy`n with + zeygny`nai to join, zygo`n yoke: cf. F. syzygie. See Yoke, n.] 1. (Astron.) The point of an orbit, as of the moon or a planet, at which it is in conjunction or opposition; -- commonly used in the plural.

2. (Gr. & L. Pros.) The coupling together of different feet; as, in Greek verse, an iambic syzygy.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of the segments of an arm of a crinoid composed of two joints so closely united that the line of union is obliterated on the outer, though visible on the inner, side. (b) The immovable union of two joints of a crinoidal arm.

Line of syzygies (Astron.), the straight line connecting the earth, the sun, and the moon or a planet, when the latter is in conjunction or opposition; -- used chiefly of the moon.