Chapter XXII: Napoleon's Place in History (5)

=Berlin=, consternation in (1797-98), ii. 41;
Sieyes' mission to, 41;
French party in, 155;
the visits of Alexander I to, 376, 438;
war feeling in, ii. 417;
_N._ refuses to treat outside of, 435;
_N.'s_ entry into, 438;
_N._ receives Polish deputation in, 444;
French occupation of, iii. 12;
centralization in, 374;
Eugene at, 393;
the Prussian court removed to Breslau from, 396;
patriotism in the university, 398;
defense of, 399;
proposed allotment of, to Jerome, 409;
threatened by Oudinot, 413;
England's diplomacy in, 417;
French demonstrations against, iv. 2;
Buelow commanding at, 3;
overestimate of its strategical value, 5;
Bluecher's road to, blocked by Lauriston, 8;
failure of Oudinot and Macdonald in movements against, 13-20;
_N._ determines to march on, 17, 18;
possible movement toward, 26.

=Berlin Decree=, the, ii. 441; iii. 45, 48, 49, 101, 119, 273, 321.

=Berlin University=, iii. 103.

=Bern=, treaty of Leoben to be ratified at, i. 439;
proposed congress at, ii. 19, 20;
capture of the city, 40;
French intervention in, 40;
the plundering of, 40;
French military arrogance in, 41;
attempt to restore the constitution of, iv. 68.

=Bernadotte, Gen. J. B. J.=, military successes of, i. 273;
a product of Carnot's system, 332;
commanding Army of the Sambre and Meuse, 426;
storms Gradisca, 433;
communicates Pichegru's treachery to Barras, ii. 6;
ambassador to Austria, 42, 51;
charges of venality concerning his mission, 43;
recalled, 43;
characteristics, 43, 93; iii. 317; iv. 2, 3, 55;
marries Desiree Clary, ii. 43; iii. 280;
ordered to the middle Rhine, ii. 87;
develops the conscription schemes of Carnot, 93;
secretary of war, 93;
counterplots on the 18th Brumaire, 109;
plans to head a force at St. Cloud, 109;
created marshal, 323;
ordered to Goettingen, 362;
commanding in Germany, 365;
marches to Ingolstadt, 365;
watches the Russian army, 366;
violates Prussian neutrality at Ansbach, 376;
in battle of Austerlitz, 383-385;
Prince of Ponte Corvo, 396; iii. 86;
at Lobenstein, ii. 428;
defeats Hohenlohe at Schleiz, 428;
at Naumburg, 429;
absence from Jena and Auerstaedt, 432;
relations with _N._, 432; iii. 280, 317;
at Apolda, ii. 434;
defeats Prussians at Halle, ii. 436;
sacks Luebeck, ii, 440;
strength in Poland, iii. 7;
position at Elbing, 8;
action at Mohrungen, 10;
escapes to Gilgenburg, 10;
threatens Koenigsberg, 10;
in campaign of Eylau, 13;
threatens Denmark, 69;
Denmark yields to, 70;
income, 87;
fails to join the Russian forces in Finland, 117;
restrains Spanish operations on the Baltic, 149;
his advance-guard of Spanish troops, 159;
troops in Bremen, Hamburg, and Luebeck, 202;
to concentrate in Dresden, 203;
ordered to Linz, 216, 225;
relieved by Lefebvre at Linz, 225;
in battle of Wagram, 228, 230;
disgraced at Wagram, 228, 237;
heads troops for service in the Netherlands, 237;
kindly treatment of Pomerania, 280;
failure on the Marchfeld, 281;
chosen as successor to Charles XIII, 280;
installation at Stockholm, 281;
assumes title of Prince Charles John, 280;
popularity in Sweden, 280;
republicanism of, 281;
ambition to acquire Norway, 281, 399; iv. 55;
changes from Roman Catholic to Lutheran, iii. 317;
character of his rule, 317;
eager to escape from French protection, 317;
varied character of his life, 317;
virtual king of Sweden, 317;
unwillingly grants a liberal constitution, 317;
ambition to acquire the French crown, 321; iv. 2, 3, 14, 15, 26,
55, 57, 85, 114;
temporizes with France and Russia, iii. 321;
assists Russia against _N._, 350;
Metternich seeks to embroil him with Alexander, 394;
_N._ attempts to win over, 399;
Pomerania offered to, 399;
joins the coalition, 399; iv. 2, 3;
his troops evacuate Hamburg, 407;
commanding Army of the North, 3;
in military council at Trachenberg, 6;
battle of Grossbeeren, 14;
at Jueterbog, 18;
battle of Dennewitz, 18, 19;
crosses the Elbe, 22;
contemplated movement against, 23;
_N._ seeks to engage, 25, 26;
proposed junction with Schwarzenberg, 26;
at Merseburg, 27;
at Oppin, 28;
offers terms to Davout, 55;
ordered to the lower Rhine, 56;
at Liege, 85;
receives flag of truce from Joseph, 85;
the allies dread betrayal by, 85.

=Bernadotte, Mme.=, i. 294.

=Bernburg=, French forces at, iii. 393.

=Berneck=, defeat of Junot by the Black Legion at, iii. 234.

=Berner Klause=, the, i. 412.

=Berry=, military movements near, iv. 77, 78.

=Berry, Charles Ferdinand, Duc de=, doubtful courage of, ii. 301;
refrains from entering France, 301;
suspected of plotting in Brittany, 303.

=Berry-au-Bac=, abandoned by Marmont, iv. 81;
Marmont at, 85.

=Berthier, Gen. Alexandre=, a product of Carnot's system, i. 332;
service in the Alps, 346;
at Lodi, 361;
in the Rivoli campaign, 413;
carries treaty of Campo Formio to the Directory, ii. 24;
plunders Venetia, 38;
proclaims the Roman Republic, 39;
ordered to kill hostile tribesmen, 70;
ordered to prepare for triumphal entry into Cairo, 76;
accompanies _N._ on his return from Alexandria, 81;
action on the 18th Brumaire, 104;
forms the army of reserve, 140;
sent to Geneva, 140;
method of computing his army, 169;
plans for crossing the Alps, 169;
urges capture of Fort Bard, 171;
created marshal, 323;
Master of the Hounds, 324;
muzzles the press in Prussia, 417;
letter from _N._, Aug. 25, 1806, 420;
personal attendance on _N._, 425;
in battle of Eylau, iii. 16; iv. 174;
at Tilsit, iii. 52, 59;
income, 87, 296;
created Prince of Neufchatel, 86, 96, 279;
appointed vice-constable, 96;
at Bayonne, 144;
chief of staff, 203, 323, 402;
orders to, iii. 203;
deficiency of military knowledge, 204;
fails in execution of his orders, 205;
charged with treachery, 206;
on _N.'s_ habit of work, 210;
discovers attempt to assassinate _N._, 240;
_N.'s_ proxy to marry Maria Louisa, 254-256;
created Prince of Wagram, 256;
letter from Ney to, Nov. 5, 1812, 360, 361;
informs Macdonald of the Russian disasters, 384;
alleged hostility to Jomini, iv. 2;
battle of Dresden, 11;
at Nangis, 73;
receives flag of truce from Schwarzenberg, 73;
persuades _N._ to resume negotiations, 74;
capture of one of his couriers, 96;
at council at St. Dizier, 103;
advises a return to Lorraine, 116;
Marmont sends treasonable documents to, 119;
at the abdication scene, 121;
transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, 132;
nicknamed "Peter," 147;
faults at Eylau and Wagram, 173.

=Berthollet, C. L.=, plunders Italian scientific collections, i. 369;
accompanies _N._ on his return from Alexandria, ii. 81;
member of the senate, 151.

=Berton, L. S.=, i. 61.

=Bertrand, Gen. H. G.=, base conduct at Vienna, ii. 369;
in campaign of 1813, iii. 402;
in battle of Bautzen, 410;
beleaguers Schweidnitz, 413;
battle of Dennewitz, iv. 18;
driven by Bluecher to Bitterfeld, 22;
battle of Leipsic, 28, 29, 30, 32, 35;
takes Weissenfels, 35;
defends the Rhine at Kastel, 54;
begs _N._ to abandon Belgium and the left bank of the Rhine, 70;
at the abdication scene, 121;
accompanies _N._ to Elba, 134, 138;
sends positive instructions to Grouchy, 187, 191;
escorts _N._ from the field of Waterloo, 211;
accompanies _N._ to Rochefort, 219;
accompanies _N._ to St. Helena, 227.

=Bertrand, Mme.=, present at _N.'s_ death-bed, iv. 235.

=Bessarabia=, alleged concession of, to Russia, iii. 55.

=Bessieres, Gen. J. B.=, service in Egypt, ii. 53;
created marshal, 323;
in battle of Austerlitz, 387;
in Eylau campaign, iii. 15, 16;
created Duke of Istria, 86;
income, 87;
character, 93;
_N.'s_ opinion of, 93;
invades Spain, 132, 134, 143;
instructions to, concerning Spanish policy, 140;
ordered to arrest Ferdinand, 144;
besieges Santander, 156;
defeats the Spaniards at Medina de Rio Seco, 156;
occupies Old Castile and Aragon, 155;
ordered to connect with Junot, 157;
at Miranda, 183;
pursues Hiller, 209;
battle of Essling, 220;
commanding the Young Guard, 324;
killed at Rippach, 404, 406;
importance of his loss to _N._, 404.

=Bethencourt, Gen.=, crosses the Simplon, ii. 172;
near Domo d'Ossola, 172.

=Beugnot=, regent of Berg, iii. 421;
anecdote concerning, 421, 422.

=Beurnonville, Marquis de=, _N.'s_ envoy to Prussia, ii. 156;
royalist intrigues of, iv. 115, 140.

=Beys=, the Egyptian, ii. 58.

=Biberach=, battle of, ii. 167.

=Biberich=, anecdote of _N._ at the castle of, iii. 422.

=Bible=, _N.'s_ study of the, iv. 231.

=Bicetre, prison of=, imprisonment of a milliner in, iii. 92.

=Bielostok=, united to Russia, iii. 56, 62.

=Bilbao=, Lefebvre near, iii. 183.

=Bisamberg=, junction of Archduke Charles and Hiller at, iii. 212, 216;
military operations near, 228, 229.

=Biscay=, _N.'s_ contemplated movements in, iii. 184;
military government of, 279.

=Bismarck, Prince Otto von=, policy in, 1875, ii. 269.

=Bitterfeld=, Bertrand driven by Bluecher to, iv. 22.

=Biville=, landing of the Cadoudal conspirators at, ii. 298.

=Black Elster, River=, military movements on the, iv. 20.

=Black Forest, the=, Dessaix defeats the Austrians in, i. 440;
military operations in, ii. 166, 365.

=Black Legion, the=, organization of, iii. 234;
defeats Junot at Berneck, 234;
defeats the Saxons at Nossen, 234.

=Black Sea=, proposed Indian expeditions via, ii. 209.

=Blake, Gen.=, defeated at Medina de Rio Seco, iii. 156;
advances from Durango, 184;
concerted French movement against, 185;
driven back to Valmaseda, 184;
_N.'s_ scheme to annihilate, 184;
defeated at Espinosa, 185;
joins La Romana, in Asturias, 185;
annihilation of his army by Suchet, 289.

=Blankenburg=, Louis XVIII retreats to, ii. 5.

=Blankenhain=, Prince Hohenlohe at, ii. 428.

=Blasowitz=, military operations near, ii. 385.

=Blois=, _N.'s_ private treasure at, iv. 50, 134;
imperial regency established at, 115;
French garrison at, 118;
dissolution of the imperial government at, 135.

=Bluecher, Marshal G. L. von=, member of Prussian reform party, ii. 415;
Prussian commander, 419;
military movements near Eisenach, 427;
battle of Auerstaedt, 433;
reaches Luebeck, 437;
duplicity to Klein, 436;
surrender of, 437;
in campaign of 1813, iii. 399;
at Striegau, iv. 3, 6;
violates the armistice, 3, 6;
commanding the army of the East, 6;
gives _N._ an advantage, 6, 7;
secures an independent command, 6;
pursued by _N._, 7;
at Bunzlau, 7;
retreats behind the Deichsel, 7;
crosses the Katzbach, 8;
battle of Katzbach, 15;
pursues Macdonald, 15;
Macdonald fails to hold, 17;
operations in Silesia, 17;
attacks Macdonald at Fischbach, 18;
Macdonald ordered to check his advance, 20;
advances on Dresden, 20;
northward movement, 21;
marches to Kemberg, 22;
drives Bertrand to Bitterfeld, 22;
contemplated movement against, 23;
_N._ seeks to engage, 25, 26;
joint movements with Bernadotte and Schwarzenberg, 26;
advances to Halle, 26;
battle of Leipsic, 28, 30, 33;
acquires two Swedish corps, 56;
crosses the Rhine, 57;
aims to annihilate _N._, 57;
crosses the Saar, 58;
invests the Mosel fortresses, 58;
advances on Arcis, 58;
effects union with Schwarzenberg, 60;
defeated at Brienne, 60;
battles of La Rothiere and Troyes, 60;
predicts a speedy entry into Paris, 61;
leads the advance down the Marne, 62;
attempts to cut off Macdonald, 61;
strength, Feb. 9, 1814, 61;
French movement from Sezanne against, 62, 63;
battle of Montmirail, 63;
retreat across the Marne, 63;
defeated at Vauchamps, 64;
retreats to Bergeres, 65;
drives Marmont to Fromentieres, 64;
_N._ deals him "a blow in the eye," 70;
Marmont ordered to hold, 71;
at Mery, 73;
collects his army at Chalons, 73;
Oudinot sent against, 73;
pursued by _N._, 75;
makes diversion in favor of main army, 75;
advances on Paris, 76;
letter from Frederick William III, Feb. 26, 1814, 75;
_N._ in pursuit of, 76;
moves on Meaux, 76;
recruits his forces at Soissons, 77;
retreats up the Ourcq, 76;
checked by Marmont and Mortier, 76;
crosses the Marne, 76;
cut off from Schwarzenberg, 77;
driven north, 77;
battle of Craonne, 78;
retreats from Craonne to Laon, 78;
dissensions in his army, 77-80, 84;
battle of Laon, 79;
recalls York, 80;
regains communication with Schwarzenberg, 80;
dismayed at the capture of Rheims, 84, 85;
besieges Compiegne, 84;
resumes the offensive, 92, 93;
Marmont's plan of operations against, 93;
crosses the Aisne, 93;
effects junction with Schwarzenberg, 94, 95, 97;
captures a courier to the Empress, 96;
advised of the movement on Paris, 98;
"Marshal Forward," 98;
crosses the Marne, 99;
fears of, in Paris, 108;
captures Montmartre, 111;
desires to take the field, 169;
plan of the campaign of Waterloo, 169;
quality of his troops, 171;
_N.'s_ position with regard to Wellington and, 171;
relative strength in Waterloo campaign, 172;
awaits developments, 173;
relations with Wellington, 176, 177;
possible change of strategy, 176;
defensive movements, 178;
at Fleurus, 179;
retires from Fleurus, 180;
his tactics criticized by Wellington, 181;
meeting with Wellington at Bry, 180;
battle of Ligny, 181, 182;
gets "a ---- good licking," 183, 184;
wounded at Ligny, 185;
Grouchy's pursuit of, 187;
apprehended movement to join Wellington, 187;
promises support to Wellington, 190;
Grouchy aims to prevent union between Wellington and, 191;
movement to Wavre, 191-194;
disaster at Ligny, 193;
possible retreat via Louvain, 194;
fails to come to Wellington's assistance, 204;
Wellington's faint-hearted cooeperation with, 213;
his lines of retreat, 214;
determination to kill _N._, 220, 223;
_character_: ambition, iv. 7;
ardor and courage, 59, 98, 177, 181, 182;
desire for glory and revenge, 68, 220, 223;
duplicity, ii. 436;
head-strong temper, iv. 6, 7, 14;
influence over troops, 171, 172;
over-confidence, 62, 63;
self-indulgence, 172.

=Bober, River=, military movements on the, iv. 7, 16.

=Bocognano=, _N._ in hiding near, i. 202, 203.

=Bohemia=, Archduke Ferdinand escapes into, ii. 366;
Archduke Ferdinand commanding in, 380;
_N.'s_ line of retreat through, 392;
plan of Austrian operations in, iii. 199;
_N.'s_ reasons for not pursuing Archduke Charles into, 210;
gathering of Austrian troops in, 414;
boundary of a neutral zone, 414;
beacons flash the declaration of war through, 423;
Austro-Russian troops in, iv. 3;
advance of Russian troops toward, 6;
the allies' communication with, threatened, 9;
guarding the passes from, 18;
refuge of the allies in, 24;
army of, moves on Paris, 98.

=Bohemian Forest=, military movements in the, iii. 204, 210, 216.

=Bois, Pierre du=, proposes French seizure of Egypt, ii. 46.

=Bologna=, seizure and ransom of, i. 374, 375;
the Pope prepares to recover, 398;
armistice of, 401;
new scheme of government for, 402;
_N._ at, 409, 419;
military operations at, 409, 419;
surrendered to France, 421;
ceded to Venice at Leoben, 438;
corporated in the Cisalpine Republic, ii. 21.

=Bonaparte=. _See_ =Buonaparte=.

=Boniface, Pope=, crowns Pepin, ii. 325.

=Bonifacio=, _N._ at, i. 193.

=Bonnier, M.=, member of the Congress of Rastatt, ii. 89;
killed at Rastatt, 89.

=Bontemps, M.=, arrest of, ii. 27.

=Bordeaux=, condition in 1793, i. 222;
exempt from legislation concerning Jews, iii. 78;
opens its gates to English troops, iv. 87;
proclamation of Louis XVIII., 87;
_N._ seeks to rouse imperial feeling in, 220;
immunity from the White Terror, 223.

=Borghese, Prince=, marries Pauline (Buonaparte) Leclerc, ii. 258;
separates from Pauline, iv. 142.

=Borghese, Princess Pauline (Buonaparte)=, looseness of her life,
iv. 142;
acquires the duchy of Lucca, ii. 354;
dismissed from Paris, iv. 142;
accompanies _N._ to Elba, 139-142;
alleged scandalous relations with _N._, 142.
_See also_ =Buonaparte, Pauline=.

=Borghetto=, battle of, i. 372.

=Borgo, Pozzo di=. _See_ =Pozzo di Borgo=.

=Bormida, River=, road to Italy opened through the valley of, i. 257;
the country of, ii. 177;
Melas crosses, 178;
military operations on the, 181.

=Borodino=, Bonaparte at, ii. 392;
battle of, iii. 343, 344, 346-348;
rescuing the wounded from the field of, 358.

=Borrissoff=, the French retreat through, iii. 363, 366, 370;
Russian plan of operation at, 366;
captured by Tchitchagoff, 367, 368;
battles at, 369-372.

=Borstell, Gen.=, battle of Dennewitz, iv. 19.

=Bosporus=, proposed expedition to the, iii. 113.

=Botanical Garden=, lecture system of the, i. 281.

=Bothnia=, repulse of the Russians from, iii. 116.

=Bou, Mme.=, i. 184.

=Boudet, Gen. Jean=, in battle of Essling, iii. 219, 220.

=Bouille, Marquis F. C. A. de=, i. 314.

=Boulay de la Meurthe, Antoine=, presents temporary plan of the
Consulate, ii, 123;
member of the council of state, 152;
reviser of the Code, 222.

=Boulogne=, the Army of England, flotilla, and military
preparations at, ii. 48, 290, 291, 331, 358;
_N._ at, 48;
_N.'s_ ceremonial at, July, 1804, 328;
real purpose of the flotilla, 334;
distribution of Legion of Honor crosses at, 360;
the army ordered east from, 362.

=Bourbon-Conde, Louis-Antoine-Henri de=. _See_ =Enghien, Duc d'=.

=Bourbon-Hapsburg alliance=, Corsica joins the, i. 21.

=Bourbons, the=, influence of, i. 22;
_N.'s_ attitude toward, 177; ii. 29, 194, 205, 271, 301, 312, 356;
iv. 156;
discredit royalty, i. 268;
their motto, 297;
France's demands on Austria concerning, ii. 43;
hopes and rumors of restoration of, and plots therefore, 94, 122,
158, 194, 255, 317; iv. 51, 67, 68, 113, 114, 164, 165;
Talleyrand's predilection for, ii. 122;
England's attitude toward, 143, 144, 271, 356; iv. 68;
a blow at the, ii. 207;
_N._ complains of England's protection of, 271, 356;
foster the Jacobin spirit of insurrection, 300;
responsibility for the execution of Ney, 300;
the Duc d'Enghien, 301;
intrigues against _N.'s_ life, 304; iv. 141, 144;
_N.'s_ attempt to fix death of Duc d'Enghien on, ii. 312;
causes of the French dislike for, 317;
their "divine right," 317;
their founder, 350;
scheme to establish a monarchy in America, iii. 134, 141;
Metternich's desire to restore the, iv. 67, 68;
rising in Vendee, 102;
restoration of, 109, 113-115, 132, 146;
enthusiasm for, in Paris, 115;
revulsion of feeling in France and by Alexander against, 125, 126;
fickle imperialists support Louis XVIII, 132;
maintain spies in Elba, 142;
_N._ on the illegitimacy of their throne, 156.

=The Neapolitan=, impending downfall, ii. 357;
banished, 390, 395, 401; iii. 214;
proposal that they retain power in Sicily, ii. 401.

=The Spanish=, scheme to emancipate Spain from rule of, ii. 44;
incapacity and degradation, iii. 70;
_N.'s_ attitude toward, 142;
deposed, 145-148, 150, 164;
proposals to restore the throne to, 271, 416.

=Bourgeoisie=, the, at outbreak of the Revolution, i. 101, 107;
_N._ seeks the support of, ii. 278.

=Bourmont, Gen.=, deserts before Charleroi, iv. 174.

=Bourrienne, L. A. F. de=, on the question of _N.'s_ birth, i. 37;
shares mathematical honors with _N._, 56;
shares _N.'s_ poverty in Paris, 174;
obtains diplomatic position at Stuttgart, 174;
anecdotes of _N._ by, 175;
describes _N.'s_ personality, 284;
_N.'s_ friendship for, 295;
improved fortunes of, 295;
_N.'s_ confidences with, ii. 51;
on _N.'s_ plans of escaping from Egypt, 83;
_N._ expresses his satisfaction to, concerning the 18th Brumaire, 110;
rebukes _N._ at St. Cloud, 113;
character, 277;
dismissed, 277;
on Mme. de Stael, iii. 298;
venality of, iv. 106.

=Bourse=, _N.'s_ failure to govern the, ii. 410;
rise in values after the Austrian marriage, iii. 264.

=Bowles, Col. Geo.=, conversation with Wellington, iv. 184.

=Boyer, Gen. J. P.=, prepares a "triumphal" return to Cairo, ii. 76.

=Brabant=, visit of _N._ and Maria Louisa to, iii. 269;
French occupation of, 270;
_N.'s_ offer to exchange it for Hanseatic towns, 270.

=Braganza, House of=, decline of, iii. 119;
flight to Brazil, 134;
_N._ proposes to restore Portugal to, 319.

=Brandenburg=, proposed allotment of, to Jerome, iii. 409;
the Army of the North in, iv. 2;
contemplated operations in, 7.

=Brandenburg, House of=, the imperial crown for the, ii. 420;
owes its safety to the Czar, iii. 73.

=Braunau=, the Austrian camp at, ii. 365;
captured by Lannes, 367;
Russian troops at, 368;
French occupation of, 405.

=Bray=, Macdonald before, iv. 72.

=Brazi=, Don John embarks for, iii. 121.

=Breisgau=, grant to Grand Duke of Tuscany in, ii. 193;
Duc d'Enghien prepares to retire to the, 302, 303;
part of, acquired by Baden, 391;
Wuertemberg acquires part of, 391.

=Breitenlee=, Austrian advance through, iii. 220.

=Bremen=, closed to British commerce, ii. 287;
laid under contribution, 287;
proposal to give it to Prussia, 400;
Bernadotte's force in, iii. 202;
scheme to incorporate with France, 266;
position in the French empire, 279;
French forces at, 393.

=Brenta, River=, military operations on the, i. 384, 390-392, 406.

=Brescia=, seized by France, i. 371;
the French position at, 379;
captured by Quasdanowich, 380;
evacuated by the enemy, 381;
the revolutionary movement in, 428, 435.

=Breslau=, Russian troops at, ii. 380;
the Prussian court moves from Berlin to, iii. 396;
patriotism in the university, 398;
French occupation of, 413;
pursuit of the allies to, 413;
French evacuation of, 414, 415;
military movements near, iv. 3.

=Brest=, naval preparations at, ii. 48, 68, 333, 359, 360, 441;
blockade of, iii. 48;
junction of Nelson and Cornwallis before, ii. 359;
the fleet ordered to the English Channel from, 359;
Villeneuve's mission to relieve, 360;
the squadron ordered to the Mediterranean, iii. 111;
imprisonment of Schill's followers in, 233;
naval station at, 380.

=Brest-Litovski=, military operations near, iii. 353.

="Briars, The,"= _N._ a guest at, iv. 229, 230.

=Bribery=, _N.'s_ first lesson in, i. 203.

=Bridge of Arts=, the, iii. 74.

=Brienne=, _N._ at, i. 37, 46-59, 146, 210; iv. 60;
_N.'s_ mock battles at, i. 53; iv. 60;
Lucien Buonaparte at, i. 81;
Lucien quits, and Louis remains at, 88;
Louis fails of admission to, 96;
_N.'s_ garden at, 210;
_N.'s_ contemporaries at, 216;
battle of, iv. 60, 61;
military movements near, 95, 96.

=Brienne, Mme. Lomenie de=, _N.'s_ early friend, i. 52, 105.

=Brigandage=, suppression of, in Corsica, i. 14, 15.

=Brigido, Col.=, at battle of Arcole, i. 390.

=Brindisi=, embargo on, ii. 287.

=Brinkmann=, on _N.'s_ influence in France, ii. 133.

=Brissot, J. P.=, leader of the Girondists, i. 189.

=Brittany=, foundation of the Jacobin Club in, i. 107;
violence and civil war in, 207, 222, 277, 305; ii. 91, 146;
_N._ conciliates, 146;
suspected plot of the Duc de Berry in, 303.

=Brixen=, Joubert at, i. 434;
apportioned to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, ii. 266;
ceded to Bavaria, 391.

=Broglie, Duc de=, on the Emperor's court at Fontainebleau, iii. 245.

=Broussier, Gen.=, marches to relief of Paris, iv. 102.

=Bruck=, Prince Eugene at, iii. 225.

=Brueys d'Aigalliers, Vice-Adm. Francois-Paul=, commanding French
fleet in the Adriatic, ii, 18;
ordered to Corfu, 62;
ordered to Alexandria, 62;
in the battle of the Nile, 62-66.

=Bruix, Adm. E.=, sent to conquer the Mediterranean ii. 79;
interview with Barras, 107;
argument in favor of the slave-trade, 236.

=Brumaire=, the plot of the 18th of, ii. 102 et seq., 119 et seq.,
315; iv. 258.

=Brune, Gen. G. M. A.=, plunders Bern, ii. 40;
military genius, 88;
campaign in Holland, 87, 93, 96, 323;
battle of Bergen, 93;
supersedes Massena in Italy, 190;
advances to Trent, 192;
created marshal, 323;
venality of, iii. 81.

=Brunet, Gen.=, commanding the Army of Italy, i. 213.

=Bruenn=, military operations near, ii. 367, 369, 379, 383-386; iii. 229;
_N._ establishes headquarters at, ii. 379.

=Brunswick=, French occupation of, ii. 443;
organization of the Black Legion, iii. 234;
the Black Legion's escape through, 234;
restored to its former ruler, iv. 40.

=Brunswick, Charles F. W., Duke of=, commander-in-chief of the
Prussian army, ii. 419, 424, 427;
at Naumberg, 424;
decline of his influence, 428;
at Erfurt, 427;
plan of opposition to the French, 428;
in battle of Jena, 429-433;
death of, 433, 443;
proclamation against the French republic, 443;
appeals to _N.'s_ mercy, 443.

=Brunswick, Frederick W., Duke of=, deprived of his throne, iii. 234;
organizes the Black Legion, 234;
exploits with the Black Legion, 234;
escapes to England, 234.

=Brunswick, House of=, Sieyes suspected of plotting with the, ii. 95.

=Bruslart=, governor of Corsica, plots against _N._, iv. 150.

=Brussels=, proposed invasion of France via, iv. 57;
York retires to, 80;
military operations near, 170, 179, 180, 190, 192, 194, 195;
topography of, 195.

=Brutus=, statue at the Tuileries, ii. 147.

=Bruyeres=, killed at Reichenbach, iii. 410.

=Bry=, meeting of Wellington and Bluecher at, iv. 180.

=Bubna, Gen.=, emissary from Francis to _N._, iii. 238, 395; iv. 21;
suggests an armistice, iii. 408;
procrastinates, 417;
confronting Augereau at Geneva, iv. 57;
in the campaign of 1814, 62;
driven from Lyons by Augereau, 67.

="Bucentaur," the=, destruction of, ii. 24.

="Bucentaure," the=, at Trafalgar, ii. 374.

=Budberg=, Russian councilor, iii. 52.

=Budweis=, Archduke Charles at, iii. 216.

=Buenos Ayres=, English expedition against, iii. 100.

="Buffer" states=, ii. 402; iii. 55.

=Bug, River=, proposed French occupation to the, ii. 442;
military operations on the, iii. 2, 117, 358.

=Bulgaria=, alleged concession of, to Russia, iii. 55.

=Bull-fights=, _N._ proposes to introduce them into Paris, ii. 409.

=Buelow, Gen. F. W. von=, junction of Bernadotte with, iii. 399;
commanding Army of the North, iv. 3;
holding Berlin, iv. 3;
strength, 3;
belittled by _N._, 5;
military ability, 14;
battle of Grossbeeren, 14;
battle of Dennewitz, 18;
cooeperates with Graham in the Netherlands, 57;
captures Soissons, 77;
commanding reserve forces, 177;
in Waterloo campaign, 177;
near Beauderet, 185;
at St. Lambert, 194;
battle of Waterloo, 204-207.

=Bunbury, Sir Henry=, on commission to notify _N._ of his sentence,
iv. 226.

=Bunzlau=, Bluecher at, iv. 7.

=Buonaparte, Carlo Maria di= (father of _N._), early life of, i. 29, 30;
ennobled, 29;
marriage, 30;
submission and French naturalization, 32;
character, 22, 44;
death, 34, 63;
ambitions and advancements, 43-47, 57, 63;
mission to Versailles, 44-47;
claim against the Jesuits, 47, 63;
breaks down, 57;
his "infamy," 97;
_N._ renounces the royalist principles of, 136;
his paternity of _N._ denied, iv. 137.

=Buonaparte, Caroline= (sister of _N._), birth, i. 33;
at Nice, 244;
early life, 322;
gift to her brother on departure for Egypt, ii. 53;
married to Murat, 195, 258;
resents _N.'s_ abuse of Murat, iv. 56.
_See also_ =Murat, Mme=.

=Buonaparte, Princess Charlotte=, proposal to marry her to the
Prince of Asturias, iii. 129;
sent to Madame Mere, 130.

=Buonaparte, Hortense=, life in Holland, iii. 26;
death of her eldest son, 52;
quarrels with the Grand Duchess of Berg, 179;
share in the Austrian marriage negotiations, 253;
Louis complains of, 270;
criticized by Mme. de Stael, 298.
_See also_ =Beauharnais, Hortense=.

=Buonaparte, Jerome= (brother of _N._), birth, i. 33, 64;
sent to school in Paris, 309;
marriage to Elizabeth Patterson, ii. 257;
residence in the United States, 257;
deserts his wife Elizabeth, 257;
service in the West Indies, 257;
fails to secure divorce from his American wife, 396;
marries Catherine of Wuertemberg, 399; iii. 93, 94;
assists in the sack of Poland, ii. 440;
commanding corps of Wuertembergers and Bavarians, iii. 3;
King of Westphalia, 56, 279;
Pius VII refuses to annul his marriage, 68;
assumes the title of Napoleon, 82;
relations with _N._, 82;
ordered to raise levies in Westphalia, 132;
at the Erfurt conference, 171;
defeated by the Black Legion, 234;
deprived of part of Hanover, 278;
supplies quota to _N.'s_ army, 322;
in the Russian campaign, 336;
at Grodno, 336;
military blunders and incompetence, 336;
proposed allotment of Brandenburg and Berlin to, 409;
flees to France, iv. 40;
takes refuge in Switzerland, 135;
assigned to the House of Peers, 160;
battle of Waterloo, 199, 211.

=Buonaparte, Joseph= (grandfather of _N._), ennobled, i. 28.

=Buonaparte, Joseph= (brother of _N._), childish relations with
_N._, i. 40;
educated for the priesthood, 44, 55;
goes to Autun, 44;
character, 49; iii. 130, 131; iv. 106;
desire for military service, i. 55;
search for a career, 55, 57, 79, 83, 89, 96, 134, 140, 288, 292-295;
attends his father in his last illness, 58, 63;
his politics, 83;
studies law at Pisa, 89;
early struggles, 96;
claims share in framing Corsican appeal to National Assembly, 118;
appointed mayor's secretary at Ajaccio, 123;
at Marseilles, 127;
member of the Constituent Assembly at Orezza, 131, 134;
represents Ajaccio in district Directory, 134;
disappointments to, 134;
political offices and schemes, 140, 144;
member of Corsican Directory, 161;
reminiscences of, conversations, confidences, and relations with
_N._, 178; iii. 45, 82, 109, 140, 148, 149, 190;
leaves Corsica for Toulon, i. 207;
trades on his brother's commission in the National Guard, 208;
made commissary-general, 238;
marriage of, 254;
deprived of employment, 284, 287;
settles in Genoa, 288, 291;
proposed land speculation for, 288;
_N.'s_ correspondence with, 290-297, 312; ii. 66; iii. 18, 184,
299; iv. 61, 73, 77, 91, 216;
plans for diplomatic appointment, i. 292, 294;
marriage, 295;
enamoured of Desiree Clary, 312;
receives diplomatic appointment, 309;
French minister at Rome, ii. 28, 39;
demands Provera's dismissal from Rome, 39;
demands his passports, 39;
sends information to _N._ in Egypt, 80;
political and social preferment, 96;
member of the Five Hundred, 95;
plenipotentiary to negotiate with Cobenzl, 188;
France's representative at Luneville, 193;
his skilful diplomacy, 256;
negotiates the treaty of Amiens, 263;
_N._ confides the Duc d'Enghien's case to, 307;
at Malmaison, 308;
seeks clemency for the Duc d'Enghien, 308;
coolness between _N._ and, 308;
the right of imperial succession in his family, 322;
created Elector and imperial prince, 322;
on his brother's strength with the army, 334;
at _N.'s_ coronation, 342;
declines the crown of Italy, 352;
in battle of Austerlitz, 387;
made king of Naples, 395;
dominion over Sicily, 401;
advised to show himself terrible at first, 439;
reports _N.'s_ Indian scheme, 442;
Pius VII refuses to recognize his sovereignty, iii. 68;
assumes the title of Napoleon, 82;
residence at Naples, 129;
interview with _N._ at Venice, 129-131;
the crown of Spain offered to, 131;
reform of Neapolitan politics, 130;
ambition, 131;
ordered to Bayonne, 149;
king of Spain, 150, 169, 142, 279, 382, 421;
assumes government at Madrid, iii. 154;
entreats _N._ assistance in Spain, 158;
lacks male descendants, 160;
asserts his sovereignty, 190;
driven from Madrid, 190;
the Spaniards swear allegiance to, 191, 192;
accompanies _N._ on his second marriage journey, 258;
his Spanish territory contracted, 278;
signs a conditional abdication, 282;
bickerings with Soult, 287;
Wellington moves to Madrid against, 290;
temporary government at Valencia, 377;
acting regent in Paris, iv. 58, 61;
gives up hope, 81;
sends flag of truce to Bernadotte, 85;
enjoined to save the Empress and her son from Austrian capture, 91;
member of the Empress-Regent's council, 106;
proclaims his brother's approach to Paris, 109;
prepares for defense of Paris, 109;
deputy emperor, 111;
overtakes the Empress at Chartres, 111;
empowers Marmont to treat for surrender, 111;
Napoleon's rage at, 115;
takes refuge in Switzerland, 135;
assigned to the House of Peers, 160;
president of the council of state, 169;
advised to hold the legislature in hand, 216.

=Buonaparte, Josephine=, marital relations with _N._, i. 452-455;
ii. 66, 84, 198, 256, 328; iii. 11, 26, 27, 160, 161, 179-181,
246, 247, 252-253;
character, licentious conduct, jealousy, etc., i. 452-455;
ii. 55, 84; iii. 11, 27, 92, 246, 247;
domestic and social life, the imperial court, etc., i. 452-455;
ii. 254-257, 279; iii. 91-94, 145;
the divorce, its causes and decretal, i. 453, 454; ii. 66, 84,
256, 328; iii. 99, 160, 161, 179-181, 245-247, 252, 253;
letters from _N._, i. 320, 452, 455; iii. 43, 60, 110;
visits Rome, ii. 28;
joins _N._ in Paris, Dec., 1797, 28;
royalist intrigues with, 36;
bids farewell to _N._ at Toulon, 55;
influence over Gohier, 97;
in pecuniary straits, 122;
brings about marriage between Hortense and Louis Bonaparte, 257;
fear of Talleyrand, 308;
attitude in the Duc d'Enghien's case, 308;
accompanies _N._ to Boulogne, 328;
ecclesiastically married to _N._, 341;
the coronation, 342-346;
forbidden to follow her husband to Poland, iii. 27;
reproaches _N._ with his amours, 27;
travels through France, 74;
accompanies _N._ to Bayonne, 142;
_N.'s_ harsh treatment at Fontainebleau, 179;
self-abasement of, 246;
withdraws to Malmaison, 247;
conducts negotiations for _N.'s_ Austrian marriage, 253;
_N._ visits, after the divorce, 257;
never preferred to power, 327.

=Buonaparte, Letizia=, death of, i. 34;
tradition concerning birth of _N._, 39, 40;
character, 40; iv. 137, 287;
letter from _N._ to, i. 64;
vicissitudes of fortune, 64, 65, 80, 96, 225, 291; ii. 95; iv. 287;
her opinion of _N._, i. 84;
settles near Toulon, 262;
disapproves _N.'s_ marriage, 321;
social influence, ii. 96;
remark of Mme. Permon to, 130;
distrusts _N.'s_ elevation, 258;
residence in Corsica, 258;
refuses to attend the coronation, 342;
Princess Charlotte's sojourn with, iii. 130;
attacks on her good name, iv. 137;
visits _N._ at Elba, 142;
thrift, 287;
knowledge of _N.'s_ limitations, 287.

=Buonaparte, Louis= (brother of _N._), birth, i. 33;
prospects, 80;
loses appointment to artillery school, 88;
remains at Brienne, 88;
_N._ aids and protects, 89, 96, 140, 144, 147, 149, 150;
fails to secure admission to Brienne, 96;
certificate to his republicanism, 136;
confirmed, 147;
follows his brother's fortunes, 159, 263;
idle career, 184;
promoted adjutant-general of artillery, 238;
ordered to Chalons as a cadet, 238;
officer of home guard at Nice, 254;
falls from favor, 254;
lieutenant of artillery, 262;
deprived of employment, 284;
ordered to Chalons, 288, 291;
promoted, 309;
marries Hortense Beauharnais, ii. 257; iii. 269;
his son Napoleon, ii. 282;
created Constable of France, 323; iii. 96;
at _N.'s_ coronation, ii. 342;
declines the crown of Italy for his son, 352;
made king of Holland, 397; iii. 25, 96, 269;
ordered to hold the Rhine, ii. 424;
character, iii. 25;
reprimanded by _N._ for economy, 25;
character of his reign, 25, 148, 270, 271, 276-278;
letters from _N._, 140, 148, 276;
relations with _N._, 82;
assumes title of Louis Napoleon, 82;
the Spanish crown offered to, 140;
refuses the crown, 140, 207;
loyalty to the Dutch, 140;
violates the Continental System, 266;
_N.'s_ affection for, 269;
promoted general, 269;
made councilor of state, 269;
share in the Italian and Egyptian campaigns, 269;
arrogates the royal dignity to himself, 270;
_N.'s_ quarrel with, 269-277;
_N._ offers to exchange the Hanseatic towns for Brabant and
Zealand, 270;
contemplates resistance to _N._, 270;
reduced to the position of a French governor, 270, 271;
prepares to defend Holland, 271;
summoned to Paris, 270;
complains of his queen Hortense, 270;
virtually a prisoner in France, 270;
submits to _N._, 271;
permitted to return to Amsterdam, 271;
opens negotiations with England, 271;
continues to oppose _N._, 275, 276;
flight to Teplitz, 276.

=Buonaparte, Louis Napoleon= (nephew of _N._, son of Louis; crown
prince of Holland), created Grand Duke of Berg, iii. 279.

=Buonaparte, Lucien= (great-uncle of _N._), condition, i. 40;
affection for his family, 65;
illness of, 79, 84-89;
political opinions, 115;
death, 161.

=Buonaparte, Lucien= (brother of _N._), birth, i. 33;
goes to Autun, 43;
relations with _N._, 55, 89, 115;
advancement for, 57;
at Brienne, 81;
turns toward the priesthood, 81;
leaves Brienne, 88, 115;
efforts to enter at Aix, 96;
memoirs of _N._, 97, 98, 207, 316-319; ii. 265;
independence of, i. 140;
radical leader at Ajaccio, 184;
letter to Costa, 187;
in diplomatic service, 197;
denounces Paoli, 197;
at Toulon, 207;
appropriates _N.'s_ birth certificate, 208;
in commissary department, 208, 225;
"the little Robespierre," 238;
marriage, 254;
deprived of employment, 284;
destitution of, 288, 289;
imprisoned at Aix, 291;
liberated, 309;
foments quarrels in Italy, ii. 87;
political and social preferment, 95;
member and president of the Five Hundred, 97, 105, 114-118;
on the 19th Brumaire, 115-118;
makes a dramatic scene at St. Cloud, 116;
summons Bonapartist members of the Five Hundred to meet, 118;
harangues the mutilated chambers, 123;
minister of the interior, 131;
suggests plebiscite on the question of life consulship, 245;
declines to marry the queen of Etruria, 257;
exiled, 257;
second marriage, 257;
democracy of, 257;
in literary society, 257;
at summit of his career, 257;
French minister to Madrid, 257;
dispute between _N._ and Joseph concerning marriage of, 308;
the savior of _N.'s_ fortunes on the 18th Brumaire, 315;
the right of imperial succession in his family, 322;
created an imperial prince, 322;
at Rome during _N.'s_ coronation, 342;
proposal that he take the crown of Etruria, iii. 129;
opposes hereditary consulate for _N._, 129;
residence at Rome, 129;
marries Mme. de Jauberthon, 129;
refuses kingly honors, 129, 130;
refuses to divorce his wife, 129, 130;
character, 129, 135;
interview with _N._ at Mantua, 129, 130;
sails to the United States, 277;
captured by the English, 277;
Mme. de Staels complaint of _N._ to, 298, 299;
fosters revolution in Rome, iv. 144;
assigned to the House of Peers, 160;
member of the council of state, 169;
advises a dictatorship after Waterloo, 217;
endeavors to solve the difficulties after Waterloo, 217;
_N._ dictates his abdication to, 218.

=Buonaparte, Maria-Anna= (sister of _N._), i. 33.

=Buonaparte, Marie-Anne-Elisa= (sister of _N._), birth, i. 33;
educated at Saint-Cyr, 55, 60, 62, 71;
defective education, 71, 182;
_N._ visits at St. Cyr, 176;
quits St. Cyr and returns to Corsica, 182, 184;
at Nice, 244;
suitor for, 291;
marriage to Felice Bacciocchi, 322;
ii. 258;
acquires Massa-e-Carrara and Garfagnana, 395;
created Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Princess of Lucca and
Piombino, iii. 279.
_See also_ =Bacciocchi, Princess=.

=Buonaparte, Nabulione=, i. 33, 36;
forms of the name, 38, 39.

=Buonaparte, Napoleon=.
_See_ =Napoleon=.

=Buonaparte, Napoleon Louis Charles= (nephew of _N._, son of Louis),
_N.'s_ partiality for, ii. 282; iii. 269;
proposal to create him king of Italy, ii. 352;
death of, iii. 52, 160, 269.

=Buonaparte, Pauline= (sister of _N._), birth of, i. 33;
at Nice, 244;
suitor for, 291;
flirtation with Freron, 322;
marries Gen. Leclerc, ii. 236;
marries Prince Borghese, 258;
acquires Guastalla, 395;
adviser to Maria Louisa, iii. 257;
created Duchess of Guastalla, 279.
_See also_ =Leclerc, Mme.=; =Borghese Princess=.

=Buonaparte family, the=, i. 8, 20-34;
ennobling and coat armor of, 28;
vicissitudes of fortune, 35, 58, 63, 65, 80, 83-90, 96, 114, 115,
134, 161, 164, 184, 185, 205, 215, 236, 284, 288, 291, 322;
_N._ regards himself as head of, 88, 161, 211, 309, 322;
claim against the government, 89, 115;
the "infamy" of, 97;
Salicetti's influence over, 116;
influence in Corsica, 139, 202;
_N.'s_ devotion to, 140, 161, 244;
outburst against, in Ajaccio, 205;
driven from their estates, 205;
leave Corsica for Toulon, 208;
residence in Toulon, 208, 212;
flight to Marseilles, 212;
driven from Toulon, 216;
social diplomacy of, 262;
news of _N.'s_ return from Egypt brought to, ii. 83;
political preferment among members of, 95;
meeting to consider the hereditary consulship, 244;
the women of, 258;
domestic life, 279;
relations with the First Consul, 279;
social triumph of, iii. 93;
urge divorce from Josephine, 125;
allotment of crowns among, 133, 139;
consolidation of Italy under, 167;
agree on the Austrian marriage, 254;
arrogance of its members, 270, 278;
fraternal instincts, 322;
Austrian discovery of their royal descent, iv. 44;
proscribed, 223;
France again under, 233.

=Burgau=, ceded to Bavaria, ii. 391.

=Burgos=, Murat assumes command at, iii. 134;
Ferdinand VII at, 143;
siege and fall of, 183, 185;
French movement toward, 185;
failure of Marmont to capture, 290.

=Burgundy=, _N._ visits, i. 146.

=Burke, Edmund=, influence of his oratory, i. 195;
on Malmesbury's mission to Paris, 449.

=Burrard, Gen. H.=, defeats Wellesley's plans at Vimeiro, iii. 157;
retired from active service, 186.

=Busaco=, battle of, iii, 284, 285;
the _cantiniere_ of, 291.

=Buttafuoco, Matteo=, treachery of, i. 17, 22;
invites Rousseau to Corsica, 19;
relations with Choiseul, 21;
represents Corsica at Versailles, 115;
attitude toward Corsican patriots, 117;
popular hatred of, 121, 133, 135;
succeeded by Salicetti, 133, 136;
_N.'s_ diatribe against, 133, 136;
_N.'s_ "Letters" to, 145;
his marriage condemned by _N._, 311.

=Buxhoewden, Gen.=, advance of Russian troops under, ii. 367;
joins Kutusoff at Wischau, 379.

=Bylandt, Count de=, advises Holland to defy France, iii. 271;
in battle of Waterloo, iv. 201.

C

=Cabanis=, influence on the Consulate, ii. 195.

=Cabarrus, Jeanne M. I. T.=, i. 315.
_See also_ =Fontenaye, Mme. de=; =Tallien, Mme.=

=Cadiz=, Nelson loses an eye at, ii. 62;
Villeneuve makes for, 359, 371;
Collingwood blockades, 371;
Nelson's fleet off, 373;
threatened invasion by England, iii. 133, 155;
seizure of a French fleet at, 155;
Soult before, 286, 289;
Soult abandons, 290;
becomes the capital of the nationalists, 290.

=Cadore=, creation of hereditary duchy of, ii. 395;
Champagny created Duke of, iii. 87.
_See_ =Champagny=.

=Cadoudal, Georges=, complaints of England's harboring of, ii. 271;
conspiracy to seize _N._, 297 et seq.;
leader of the Chouans, 297;
arrest and execution, 299, 303;
_N.'s_ clemency toward his co-conspirators, 328;
funeral mass celebrated for, iv. 146.

=Caesar, Augustus=, _N._ likened to, iii. 43.

=Caesar, Julius=, _N.'s_ study of and admiration for, resemblances
between _N._ and, i. 161, 395, 423;
ii. 147, 158, 159, 230;
iii. 319; iv. 130, 232, 266;
_N._ disclaims the role of, ii. 112, 117;
his work for civilization, 157; iii. 319.

=Caffarelli, Gen.=, bearer of _N.'s_ letter to Pius VII, ii. 339;
in battle of Austerlitz, 387.

=Cagliari=, expedition against, i. 191.

=Cahors=, birthplace of Murat, ii. 195.

"=Caia=," and "=Caius=," ii. 329.

"=Ca Ira=," i. 244, 266.

=Cairo=, military operations at, i. 352;
ii. 60;
Magallon consul at, 47;
the march from Alexandria to, 59;
capture of, 61;
failure of the promised plunder at, 61;
fortification of, 67;
_N._ at, 69, 76;
retreat of the army from Acre to, 75;
_N.'s_ "triumphal" return to, 76;
surrender of, 211.

=Calahorra=, the Spanish forces near, iii. 184, 185.

=Calais=, parallel between Magdeburg and, iii. 62.

=Calder, Adm. Sir Robert=, encounters Villeneuve off Cape
Finisterre, ii. 359;
reinforces blockade of Brest, 359;
encounter with Villeneuve, 371.

=Caldiero=, occupied by Alvinczy, i. 388;
Alvinczy retreats from, 390.

=Calendar, the Republican=, i. 248.

=Calonne, C. A. de=, taxation problems of, i. 105.

=Calotte=, the constitution of the, i. 94.

=Calvi=, French influence and power in, i. 116, 207;
the Buonapartes seek asylum in, 205;
_N._ at, 205;
imprisonment of Corsicans in, 252;
English capture of, 261.

=Cambaceres, J. J. R.=, dreads a new Terror, ii. 93;
appointed consul, 130;
minister of justice, 130;
organizer of the Code Napoleon, 222, 226;
scheme for reform of the tribunate, 242;
suggests plebiscite on question of life consulship, 244;
Chancellor of France, 323;
at _N.'s_ coronation, 342;
demurs to action against the Duc d'Enghien, 304;
created Duke of Parma, iii. 86;
salary, 96;
arch-chancellor, 96;
on _N.'s_ appearance after the treaty of Schoenbrunn, 245;
member of extraordinary council on _N.'s_ second marriage, 253;
member of the Empress-Regent's council, iv. 106;
character, 106;
member of _N.'s_ new cabinet, 159.

=Cambronne, Gen. P. J. E.=, aids in _N.'s_ escape from Elba, iv. 153;
in battle of Waterloo, 209.

=Campan, Mme.=, appointment in the imperial court, ii. 324.

=Campbell, Sir Neil=, British commissioner at Fontainebleau, iv. 134;
_N.'s_ relations with, 134, 142, 150;
accompanies _N._ to Elba, 140;
ambassador to _N.'s_ court at Elba, 144;
leaves Elba for Florence, 150, 153.

=Camperdown=, battle of, ii. 38.

=Campo Formio=, treaty of, i. 456;
ii. 18-22, 24, 31, 37, 42, 145, 148, 187;
iii. 329.

=Canada=, lost to France, i. 17, 22.

=Canals=, Bonaparte's scheme of, ii, 279.

=Canino, Prince of=.
_See_ =Buonaparte, Lucien=.

=Cannes=, _N.'s_ march through, on return from Elba, iv. 153, 154.

=Canning, George=, denounces _N._, ii, 144;
foreign secretary in Portland cabinet, iii. 69;
responsibility for the bombardment of Copenhagen, 70, 97;
despatches the fleet to the Baltic, 98;
demands the secret articles of Tilsit, 98;
fall of, 272;
policy of action against _N._, 284;
enforces Orders in Council, 378.

=Canonical institution=, the question of, iv. 390.

=Canova, Antonio=, makes statue of Empress Maria Louisa, iii. 300.

=Cantonal assemblies=, ii. 247.

=Cape of Good Hope=, taken by England from the Dutch, ii. 12, 38;
ceded to the Batavian Republic by treaty of Amiens, 233;
England's rights in, 262;
_N.'s_ ambitions concerning, 289; iii. 308.

=Cape St. Vincent=, battle of, i. 456; ii. 62.

=Cape Verd Islands=, proposition to deport _N._ to, iv. 145.

=Caprera=, expedition against, i. 192.

=Caprino=, battle at, i. 412, 413.

"=Captain=," Nelson's ship in battle of Cape St. Vincent, ii, 62.

=Capuchins=, attempt to oust them from Corsican domains, i. 168.

=Caraccioli, Adm. F. C.=, execution of, ii. 300.

=Cardinals, the College of=, transplanted to France, iii. 258, 263.

=Carinthia=, _N._ in, i. 434;
revolutionary sentiment in, ii. 42;
part of, ceded to France, iii. 239.

=Carinthian Mountains=, pursuit of Archduke John across the, iii. 212.

=Carlsbad=, Talleyrand at, iv. 224.

"=Carmagnole=," the, i. 244, 266.

=Carniola=, Charles guards road into, i. 432;
ceded to France, iii. 239.

=Carnot, Lazare N. M.=, minister of war, i. 233, 279;
favors _N._, 299, 320;
reorganizes the French army, 240, 325, 332, 333, 379;
military policy of, 249;
removal of, 279;
escape of, 285; ii. 8, 27;
member of the Directory, i. 186, 330-333;
character, 330-333;
at battle of Maubeuge, 332;
plans the Italian campaign (1795), 346;
_N.'s_ correspondence with, May, 1796, 364;
advises restoring the Milanese to Austria, 451;
relations with _N._, ii. 8;
desire for peace with Austria, 19;
Barras derides his suggestions, 19;
writes a justificatory pamphlet, 91;
development of his conscription scheme, 93;
reappointed minister of war, 130, 153;
influence on the fall of the Directory, 130;
military genius, 153;
detaches Lecourbe's force from Moreau's army, 168;
possible successor to _N._, 186;
influence on the Consulate, 195;
member of the tribunate, 243;
remonstrates against adulation of _N._, 295;
opposes the creation of the Empire, 321;
pensioned, iii. 297;
commissioned to write on fortification, 297;
invited to join in insurrection, iv. 149;
member of _N.'s_ new cabinet, 159;
advises a dictatorship for France after Waterloo, 217;
member of the new Directory, 218.

=Caroline, Queen of Naples=, iii. 124;
on Maria Louisa's imprisonment at Schoenbrunn, iv. 143.

=Carpentras=, lost to the Pope at peace of Tolentino, ii. 326.

=Carrier, J. B.=, crimes of, i. 234;
opposes Robespierre, 251.

=Carrion-Nisas, A. H.=, "Peter the Great," ii. 350.

=Cartagena=, Villeneuve ordered to, ii. 371;
rebellion in, iii. 154.

=Carteaux, Gen.=, seizes Valence, i. 214;
besieges Avignon, 214;
takes Marseilles, 220;
captures Ollioules, 225;
besieges Toulon, 224, 225;
ignorance of military affairs, 227;
removed from command, 228.

=Cassel=, Bluecher's military movements in, ii. 427;
restored to its former ruler, iv. 40.

=Castanos, Gen. F. X. de=, causes Dupont's surrender at Baylen, iii. 156;
position on the Ebro, 184, 185;
concerted French movement against, 185;
collects his troops at Siguenza, 185.

=Casteggio=, battle of, ii. 176.

=Castellane=, journal of, iii. 361.

=Castelnuovo=, disarmament of, i. 442.

=Castiglione=, battle of, i. 382; ii. 140;
Augereau's victory at, 323;
celebration of the battle of, 228;
Augereau created Duke of, iii. 86.
_See also_ =Augereau=.

=Castile=, French occupation of, iii. 286;
weakness of French forces in, 289;
reinforcements for Massena ordered from, 289.

=Castlereagh, Lord=, secretary for war in Portland cabinet, iii. 69;
policy of action and bitterness against _N._, 284; iv. 145, 162;
prime minister of England, iii. 328;
inspires action by Bernadotte, 350;
becomes foreign secretary, 378, 417, 422;
dissatisfied with the Frankfort terms, iv. 42;
character, 42, 67;
at headquarters of the allies at Basel, 66;
influence in European councils, 67, 68;
under Metternich's influence, 68;
uneasiness at _N.'s_ message to Francis, 75;
on the European policy of 1814, 89;
protests against the use of the imperial style by _N._, 133;
negotiates secret treaty between England, Austria, and France, 145;
protests to Talleyrand against violation of treaty obligations, 153;
retires from Congress of Vienna, 173;
letter from Lord Liverpool, June 20, 1815, 224.

=Catalonia=, French occupation of, iii. 156;
Duhesme evacuates, 157;
military government of, 279;
French possession of, 377.

=Catharine of Wuertemberg=, marries Jerome Bonaparte, ii. 399;
iii. 93, 94.

=Cathcart, Gen. W. S.=, besieges Copenhagen, iii. 70;
heads English embassy to Russia, 351;
influences the armistice of Poischwitz, 417;
English minister at St. Petersburg, 417;
at Congress of Prague, 423.

=Catherine II=, policy of, i. 22; iii. 51, 309;
death of, i. 425, 452;
_N._ shatters a gift of, ii. 20;
_N.'s_ admiration for, 347;
share in partition of Poland, iii. 309;
her life and work, iv. 251.

=Catherine, Grand Duchess= (of Russia), mentioned for marriage
with _N._, iii. 180, 181;
marries the Duke of Oldenburg, 181, 278, 310.

=Catholic emancipation=, the question of, ii. 208.

=Cato=, statue at the Tuileries, ii. 147.

=Cattaro=, Alexander I's scheme for acquiring, ii. 356;
Russian occupation of, 405;
compensation for, iii. 56.

=Caulaincourt, A. A. L. de=, leads expedition to Offenburg, ii. 304;
Master of the Horse, 324, 425;
relations with _N._, 425; iii. 107; iv. 87, 105, 115, 134, 159;
conducts negotiations with Russia, iii. 87, 107-110, 113, 116-118,
165, 168, 169, 244, 310, 315, 318, 408-411;
connection with the d'Enghien murder, iii. 107;
_N.'s_ instructions to, 115;
discusses partition of Turkey, 116;
explains Bernadotte's dilatoriness, 117;
reproved by _N._, 165;
friendship with the Czar, 165, 168;
ordered to ventilate the divorce question, 181;
conducts _N.'s_ matrimonial negotiations in Russia, 247, 248;
explains the Austrian marriage to Alexander, 255;
recalled, 318, 326;
knowledge of Russia, 325, 326;
French commissioner at Poischwitz, 414;
at Congress of Prague, 423;
letter from Metternich, November, 1813, iv. 42, 45;
Minister of Foreign Affairs, 42;
letter to Metternich, Dec. 2, 1813, 46;
conducts negotiations at Chatillon, 67-71, 74, 78, 87;
demands authority to treat after La Rothiere, 69, 70;
blamed for not saving his country at Chatillon, 70;
letter from Maret, 87;
at council at St. Dizier, 103;
seeks peace at any price, 103;
seeks audience with Alexander, 116, 117;
at the abdication scene, 121, 122;
on commission to present abdication to Alexander, 124, 125, 126;
urges the regency, 126;
transfers his allegiance, 129;
_N.'s_ declaration to, concerning his generals, 128;
memoirs of, 130;
records _N.'s_ first attempt at suicide, 130;
member of _N.'s_ new cabinet, 159;
member of the new Directory, 218.

=Cautillon=, attempt to assassinate Wellington, iv. 234;
_N.'s_ bequest to, 234.

=Cavallos=, defends Ferdinand's position, iii. 143.

=Cavalry=, _N.'s_ views on, and use of, i. 59; ii. 178.

=Cayenne=, wholesale deportations to, ii. 8.

=Celibacy=, _N._ on, i. 138.

=Ceracchi=, charged with conspiracy, ii. 235;
execution of, 241.

=Ceraino=, military operations near, i. 412.

=Cerbeau, Du=, i. 143.

=Cervoni=, i. 220, 233.

=Ceva=, battle of, i. 352-335.

=Ceylon=, retained by England, ii. 211, 262;
France guarantees its return to Holland, 289.

=Chaboulon, Fleury de=, sent to Naples, iv. 152;
reveals the state of France to _N._, 152.

=Chabran, Gen.=, forces in Savoy, ii. 169;
crosses the Little St. Bernard, 171.

=Chabrol=, imperial prefect, iv. 106.

=Chaillot=, suspected plot of royalists at, ii. 303.

=Chalons=, _N._ leaves Paris for, iv. 53;
French concentration at, 58;
_N._ reaches, 58;
_N._ plans pursuing Bluecher to, 65;
Bluecher collects his army at, 73;
_N._ plans to attack Schwarzenberg at, 77;
Marmont ordered to, 91, 93;
the allies open new communications via, 97.

=Cham=, Archduke Charles makes a stand at, iii. 210, 216.

=Chamartin=, the French troops at, iii. 187, 189.

=Chambers of Commerce=, establishment of, ii. 220.

=Chambery=, _N._ at, ii. 27, 30;
reinforcements for Augereau at, iv. 94.

=Champagny, L. A.=, created Duke of Cadore, iii. 87;
appointed Minister of External Relations, 96, 132;
plenipotentiary at Altenburg, 238, 239;
succeeded in the Foreign Office by Maret, 318;
mission to Francis at Dijon, iv. 128.

=Champaubert=, battle of, iv. 63, 66.

=Championnet, Gen.=, overthrows the Neapolitan throne, ii. 87;
disgraceful conduct at Naples, 92.

=Channel tunnel=, the, ii. 290.

"=Chant du Depart=," the, iv. 118.

=Chaptal, J. A.=, member of the council of state, ii. 152.

=Chardon, Abbe=, on _N.'s_ boyhood, i. 45.

=Charenton=, Marmont and Mortier driven back to, iv. 99.

=Charette=, institutes royalist retaliation on republican
prisoners, i. 277.

=Charleroi=, military operations near, iv. 171, 173-177, 179, 180,
196, 208;
_N._ at, 175, 177, 211, 239.

=Charles, Archduke=, defeats Jourdan, i. 385;
defeated by Moreau, 385;
campaign in the Tyrol, 425, 428;
ordered into Friuli, 426, 430;
military genius, 426; iii. 215;
guards Carniola, i. 432;
battle on the Tagliamento, 432;
on the river Mur, 434;
cut off from succor, 436;
letter from _N._, 435;
defeats Jourdan at Ostrach and Stockach, ii. 88;
effect of his successes, 89;
defeats Massena at Zuerich, 93;
defeated by Massena at Zuerich, 141;
withdraws temporarily from service, 160;
resumes command after Hohenlinden, 192, 358;
commanding Austrian army in Italy, 363;
reaches Marburg, 367;
position on the Adige, 367;
commanding Austrian troops from Italy, 380;
the throne of Spain offered to, iii. 166;
reorganizes the Austrian army, 198;
declares war against France, 199;
to operate in Bohemia, 199;
plans to rouse the German people, 199;
procrastinates, 199;
offensive movement in the Danube valley, 204;
_N.'s_ plan for meeting, 203;
mistakes in the campaign of Eckmuehl, 204-207;
crosses the Isar, 205;
a lost opportunity, 204;
plan of offense, 205;
marches against Davout, 205;
marches on Ratisbon, 205, 208;
force at Ludmannsdorf and Rohr, 207;
force at Moosburg, 207;
retires to Ratisbon, 209;
in battle of Eckmuehl, 209;
retires before Davout, 209;
_N.'s_ reasons for not pursuing after Eckmuehl, 210;
crosses the Danube, 210;
makes a stand at Cham, 210, 216;
sues for peace, 211, 216;
junction with Hiller at Bisamberg, 212, 216;
seizes Ratisbon, 216;
at Budweis, 216;
indecision of, 216;
his line on the Danube, 216;
advance toward Wagram, 218;
attempts to break _N.'s_ bridges, 219;
in battles of Aspern and Essling, 219-223;
conduct after Aspern, 223-225;
seeks the offices of diplomacy, 224;
battle of Wagram, 226-232;
withdraws toward Znaim, 230;
orders Archduke John to attack, 230;
pursued by _N._ and Marmont, 235;
asks an armistice, 235;
quarrels with the Emperor and John, 235;
resigns his command, 235;
at marriage of Maria Louisa, 256.

=Charles Emmanuel=, succeeds Victor Amadeus, i. 356;
retires to Sardinia, ii. 39, 87, 141.

=Charles Emmanuel IV=, invited by Russia to return to Turin, ii. 141.

=Charles Ludwig Frederic, of Baden=, marries Stephanie Napoleone,
ii. 399.

=Charles the Great=, his work for civilization, ii. 157;
_N.'s_ emulation of, 157; iii. 304, 306;
French longings for a modern, ii. 214;
restoring the empire of, 233;
reversion to state and titles of the reign of, 323;
coronation of, 325;
gift to the Papacy, 346;
his system of "marches," iii. 55;
_N._ resumes the grant of, 118;
magnificence of his empire, 131;
Spanish territory of, 133, 134;
his donation to Hadrian I revoked by _N._, 215;
his ideal, 319;
_N._ compared with, 319; iv. 292;
the second, iii. 330;
imitation of his times, iv. 165;
influence on Europe, 292.