Chapter XXII: Napoleon's Place in History (14)

=Villetard=, French republican agent in Venice, i. 445.

=Vilna=, _N._ in, iii. 331-335;
Barclay de Tolly's army confronting, 335;
the French retreat through, 370, 372;
_N.'s_ incognito journey through, 375;
Kutusoff enters, 383;
Alexander goes to, 383.

=Vimeiro=, defeat of Junot at, iii. 157-159.

=Vincennes=, the trial and execution of the Duc d'Enghien at,
ii. 305, 306, 308-310; iii. 196.

=Vincent, Gen.=, Austrian representative at Erfurt, iii. 178, 193.

=Visconti=, "Greek Iconography," iv. 219.

=Vistula, River, the=, _N.'s_ conquests west of, ii. 437;
plan of campaign on, 441;
bridging of, iii. 2, 3;
French positions on, 7;
attempt to drive the French across, 28;
proposed boundary line on, 36;
military operations on, 117, 393, 396;
Alexander promises assistance to Prussia on, iii. 320;
the French army reaches, 330;
French advance to the Niemen from, 337;
Murat's position on, untenable, 385;
Schwarzenberg retreats across, 385;
threatened expulsion of the French from, 416;
French garrisons on, iv. 35;
_N._ entertains hopes of returning to, 63, 66, 69.

=Vitebsk=, its strategical position, iii. 338;
_N._ at, 338;
military movements near, 339, 364;
French garrison in, 341;
the French abandon, 361.

=Vitoria=, Dupont ordered to, iii. 128;
Ferdinand VII at, 143;
French forces at, 183;
battle of, 420.

=Vitrolles=, royalist intrigues of, iv. 98, 106, 108;
captured with Weissenberg at St. Dizier, 104.

=Vitry=, military movements near, iv. 58, 91, 93, 94;
Prussian occupation of, 95;
French troops at, 102.

=Vives, Gen.=, besieges Barcelona, iii. 184.

=Vivian, Gen.=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 210.

=Volga, River, the=, proposed Indian expeditions via, ii. 209;
Cossacks of, iii. 9.

=Volhynia=, Austrian troops in, iii. 331, 338;
Bagration's position in, 335.

=Voelkermarkt=, Archduke John at, iii. 317.

=Volney, Constantin F. C.=, espouses the Corsican cause, i. 120, 121;
_N.'s_ friendship with, 163; ii. 97, 335;
member of the senate, 151.

=Voltaire=, on the character of Paoli, i. 18;
_N.'s_ study of, 78; ii. 256; iv. 231;
his "Essay on Manners," i. 150;
on the Hohenzollern territories, ii. 442;
performance of his "Oedipe" at Erfurt, iii. 172.

=Voltri=, military operations at, i. 353.

=Vorarlberg=, Kray's retreat via, cut off, ii. 166;
ceded to Bavaria, 391.

=Vosges Mountains, the=, proposed boundary for Germany, iii. 320;
the allies turn the line of, iv. 57, 58;
supposed retreat of Schwarzenberg to, 86;
reported rising in, 88;
_N._ urges guerrilla risings in, 90.

=Voss, Countess=, attendant on Queen Louisa, iii. 60.

W

=Wachau=, battle of, iv. 27-30.

=Wagram=, Charles's advance toward, iii. 218;
battle of, 225-232; iv. 173;
French demoralization after, iii. 231;
doubtful honors of, 231, 232;
_N.'s_ position after, 232;
position of Francis after, 232;
Berthier created Prince of, 256.
_See also_ =Berthier=.

=Walcheren=, the English expedition to, iii. 237, 253, 270, 272, 284.

=Walewska, Countess=, _N.'s_ amours with, iii. 11;
visits _N._ at Elba, iv. 142.

=Walhain=, Gerard at, iv. 192;
Grouchy at, 192, 213.

=Wallachia=, dismissal of the Turkish viceroy of, ii. 440, 441;
alleged concession of, to Russia, iii. 55;
Russian evacuation of, 64;
Russian ambition to possess, 98, 115, 116, 176, 310;
Russian occupation of, 99, 105;
Alexander demands possession of, 105;
_N._ offers to offset Moldavia and, against Silesia, 106, 108, 113;
proposed evacuation of Prussia for that of, 108;
Alexander's fear of losing, 248;
Russia threatened with the loss of, 314.

=Wallenstein=, scene of his overthrow by Gustavus Adolphus, iii. 404.

=War=, _N.'s_ aphorisms, theories, and plans of, i. 346-349;
ii. 268; iii. 202;
barbarity in, ii. 70;
thirst for, in France, 93;
the art of, 180.

=Warens, Mme. de=, memoirs of, i. 76.

=Warfare=, progress in methods of, i. 394, 395;
in Napoleonic times, ii. 178-180.

=Warsaw= (city), Louis XVIII living in, ii. 239;
Polish national movement in, ii. 444;
the Russians driven from, iii. 1, 2;
French occupation of, 6-11;
frivolity in, 10;
_N.'s_ amours in, 11;
_N._ offers to evacuate, 167;
proposition that Russia occupy, 177, 178;
Archduke Ferdinand to march against, 199;
captured by Archduke Ferdinand, 201;
Polish troops at, 203;
reoccupied by Poniatowski, 212;
offered to Prussia, 225;
attitude of the Poles in, 313;
Jesuit influence in, 31;
proposition to make it capital of a Saxon province, 328;
_N._ in, 331;
the Diet begs the restoration of Poland, 331;
Schwarzenberg evacuates, 385;
Russian occupation of, 385;
proposed new capital for Prussia, 409.

=Warsaw, Grand Duchy of=, creation of, iii. 56, 64, 73;
acquires Prussian territory, 62;
new constitution for, 67;
_N._ seeks to add Silesia to, 106, 108, 113;
Alexander's jealousy of, 108;
_N._ promises to evacuate, 113;
fortification of, 117, 165;
acquires New Galicia, 239;
territorial acquisitions, 244, 310;
pro-Russian party in, 311;
Alexander proposes to accept the crown of, 311;
military operations in, 322;
open to invasion, 329;
_N.'s_ incognito journey through, 375;
interview between _N._ and De Pradt at, 375, 382;
Russian invasion of, 385;
_N._ refuses to give up, 392;
reft from Saxony, 394;
in Russian possession, 399;
threatened dismemberment of, 409, 423;
proposed extinction of, 415;
_N.'s_ scheme in, 298.

=Washington, George=, comparison of Paoli with, i. 18;
death of, ii. 147;
admiration of France for, 147;
statue at the Tuileries, 147;
festival in honor of, 147, 148;
compared with _N._, 148;
declares the neutrality of the United States (1793), 212.

=Waterloo=, the advantage of position at, ii. 179;
the Prussian pursuit after, iii. 210;
_N.'s_ attempt at suicide after, iv. 131;
_N.'s_ reminiscences of, 175;
Wellington indicates the battle-ground, 178;
the controversial literature of, 186;
the battle-field, 189 et seq.;
character of the French troops at, 196;
Wellington's headquarters at, 195;
the plans of battle, 197;
the battle, 199 et seq.;
application of the name to the battle, 212;
review of the battle, 212 et seq.;
political spoils, 214;
moral effect on the Emperor, 216;
the news in Paris, 216;
_N.'s_ monograph on, 232;
_N.'s_ delay at, 267;
epic character of, 288;
effect on the world, 289.

=Waterloo Campaign=, parallel between campaign in Piedmont and, iv. 170.

=Wavre=, military operations at, iv. 182, 184, 187, 191-195, 214.

=Wealth=, _N._ on, i. 137.

=Weapons of war in 1796=, i. 349.

=Wehlau=, military movements near, iii. 30.

=Weimar=, dissension in the Prussian camp at, ii. 429;
fighting at, 431;
meetings of _N._ with Goethe and Wieland at, iii. 72, 73, 176.

=Weimar, Grand Duchess of=, entertains _N._, iii. 174.

=Weirother, Col.=, at Austerlitz, ii. 381.

=Weissenberg, Gen.=, captured near St. Dizier, iv. 104.

=Weissenburg=, battle of, i. 273;
the French position at, ii. 365.

=Weissenfels=, taken by Bertrand, iv. 35.

=Weissensee=, narrow escape of Frederick William III at, ii. 436.

=Wellenburg=, acquired by Wuertemberg, ii. 391.

=Wellesley, Sir Arthur=, takes command of operations in Portugal,
iii. 122;
enters Portugal, 157;
defeats Junot at Vimeiro, 157;
recalled to England and vindicated, 186;
expels the French from Portugal, 236;
prepares for invasion of Spain, 236;
battle of Talavera, 236;
withdraws before Soult, 237;
created Duke of Wellington, 265;
_See also_ =Wellington, Duke of=.

=Wellesley, Lord=, succeeds Canning as prime minister, iii. 272;
Secretary for Foreign Affairs, 284;
reinforces the army in Portugal, 284;
succeeded by Castlereagh, 378.

=Wellington, Duke of= (_see also_ =Wellesley, Sir Arthur=), effect
of Moore's spirit on, iii. 189;
holds Portugal, 283;
reinforced by Lord Hill, 283;
battle of Talavera, 284, 287;
battle of Busaco, 284;
retreat down the Mondego, 284;
constructs the lines of Torres Vedras, 285, 286;
battle of Ocana, 287, 288;
difficult position at Lisbon, 288;
character, 288, 289;
summons famine to his aid, 289;
advances into Spain, 289;
battles of Albuera and Fuentes de Onoro, 289;
retreats to Portugal, 289;
recaptures Almeida, 289;
attacked by Lord Liverpool, 288;
on Massena's stand, 289;
battle of Salamanca, 290;
storming of Badajoz, 290, 319;
captures Ciudad Rodrigo, 290, 319;
advances on the Duero, 290;
period of inactivity, 290;
returns to Portugal, 290;
resumes the offensive, 290;
between two fires, 290;
demoralization of his army, 291;
moves against Madrid, 290;
defeats Marmont at Salamanca, 377;
withdraws to the Portuguese frontier, 377;
hampered by English political situation, 377, 378;
reverses in the Peninsula, 392;
battle of Vitoria, 420;
threatens France, 420;
successes in Spain, 420, 423;
Spain rises to support, iv. 40;
on the war in Spain, 52;
signs conditions with _N._, 52;
succeeds Castlereagh at Congress of Vienna, 145, 169;
proposes to deport _N._ to St. Helena, 145;
recalled by Lord Liverpool, 149;
desires to take the field, 169;
military genius, 169;
plan of campaign of the Hundred Days, 169;
dissatisfaction with his troops, 169;
_N.'s_ position with regard to Bluecher and, 171;
influence over troops, 172;
relative strength in Waterloo campaign, 172;
awaits developments, 172;
reminiscences of Waterloo, 173, 178;
relations with Bluecher, 176;
interview between the Duke of Richmond and, at the ball, 178;
indicates the battle-ground at Waterloo, 178;
concentration of his troops, 178, 179;
criticizes Bluecher's tactics, 181;
meeting with Bluecher at Bry, 180;
battle of Quatre Bras, 181-188;
conversation with Col. Bowles, 184;
retreat to Mont St. Jean, 185, 189;
_N._ determines to attack, 185;
apprehended junction of Bluecher and, 187, 190;
his choice of position, 189 et seq., 193, 196, 213;
proposes to fall back to Brussels, 190;
strength at Waterloo, 190;
Bluecher promises support, 190;
Grouchy aims to prevent union between Bluecher and, 192;
his resolution to give battle in front of Soignes, 192;
his center at Mont St. Jean, 195;
Gneisenau's doubt of his standing at Waterloo, 194;
lack of confidence in the Dutch-Belgian troops, 195;
headquarters at Waterloo, 195;
lines of retreat, 195, 214;
the plan of Waterloo, 197;
battle of Waterloo, 199 et seq.;
repeated calls for Bluecher, 204;
stories of his anxiety, 207;
his conduct of the Waterloo campaign, 213;
faint-hearted cooeperation with Bluecher, 213;
restores Louis XVIII, 220;
danger of _N.'s_ surrender to, 323;
share in the reconstruction of France, 225;
alleged attempt to assassinate, 234.

=Wels=, Russian troops at, ii. 367.

=Wereja=, capture of the French garrison of, iii. 350.

=Werneck, Gen.=, capture of his division at Noerdlingen, ii. 367.

=Werther=, _N._ compared to, i. 81.

=Wesel=, ceded to France, ii. 390;
French garrison at, 404, 416, 424;
demand for its restoration to Prussia, 422.

=Weser, River=, French occupation of the coast near, iii. 266;
territory on, offered to Sweden, 399.

=Western Empire=, accomplishment of _N.'s_ dream of, iii. 73;
an end to the dreams of, 422.

=West Indies, the=, scheme for populating, ii. 236;
English blockade of the French fleet in, 257;
Jerome Buonaparte in, 257;
England watches French policy concerning, 267;
France looks to her power in, 280;
_N.'s_ ambitions in, 289;
French squadrons ordered to, 333;
Nelson enticed to, 358;
_N.'s_ ambitions in, iii. 308.

=Westphalia=, military movements in, ii. 425;
organization of the kingdom of, iii. 56, 62;
Jerome king of, 73, 279;
war indemnity exacted from, 78;
levy of troops in, 132, 322-324;
sequestration of Frederick William's estates in, 162;
insurrection in, 225;
Schill's failure in, 233;
scheme to incorporate part with France, 266;
French occupation of, 307;
French influence in, 423;
flight of Jerome to France, iv. 40.

=West Prussia=, Lestocq's retreat through, ii. 435.

=Whitbread, Samuel=, on the French Revolution, ii. 144.

="White Terror," the=, i. 277; iv. 222.

=Whitworth, Lord=, character, ii. 267;
ambassador to Paris, 266, 276;
evades declaration of England's Maltese policy, 273;
summoned to the Tuileries, Feb. 17, 1803, 280-282;
at consular levee of March 13, 1803, 280-282;
his attitude, 284, 285;
on _N.'s_ reception of April 4, 284;
reports on France's naval preparations, 284;
publication of his despatches in England, 284;
_N.'s_ declarations to, on subject of invading England, 290;
a diplomatic method of, iii. 418.

=Wiazma=, battle of, iii. 350.

=Wieland, C. M.=, interview with _N._ at Wiemar, iii. 174;
decorated at Erfurt, 176;
estimate of _N.'s_ influence, 322.

=Wilberforce, William=, deprecates war with France, ii. 285.

=Willach= (Carinthia), ceded to France, iii. 239.

=Willenberg=, military movements near, iii. 13.

=William, Prince= (of Prussia), mission to Paris, iii. 178;
in battle of Waterloo, iv. 205.

="William the Conqueror," by Duval=, ii. 350.

=Willot, Gen.=, proposes to destroy the Directory, ii. 78;
suspected of plotting against _N._, 303.

=Wilson, Sir Robert=, endeavors to reorganize the Russian army, iii. 351.

=Wintzengerode=, captures Soissons, iv. 77;
defeated near St. Dizier, 95.

=Wischau=, junction of Austrian and Russian troops at, ii. 379.

=Wittau=, military operations near, iii. 227.

=Wittenberg=, captured by Davout, ii. 436;
French forces at, iii. 393;
French occupation of, iv. 2;
military movements near, 14.

=Wittgenstein, Gen.=, in the Russian campaign, iii. 341;
menaces the French left, 350;
resumes offensive against Saint-Cyr, 359;
checked by Victor and Saint-Cyr, 361;
pursuit of the French army, 366, 383;
Victor ordered to hold back, 368;
at the passage of the Beresina, 370;
defeats Victor at Borrissoff, 370;
bad generalship of, 374, 383, 384;
losses in the Russian campaign, 383;
fails to cut off Macdonald's retreat, 384;
commanding the allied army, 403;
the battle of Luetzen, 405;
loses his command, 411;
commanding Army of the East, iv. 3;
battle of Leipsic, 29;
driven from Nangis, 72.

=Wkra, River=, bridging of the, iii. 2.

=Wolkousky, Prince P. M.=, in military council with Alexander I, iv. 98.

=Women=, _N.'s_ attitude toward, and ideas concerning, i. 138, 143,
256, 311, 317, 448; ii. 197, 198, 255; iii. 326, 327;
education of, ii. 225, 226;
demands of German social custom on, iii. 259, 260.

=Wrede, Gen.=, in campaign of Eckmuehl, iii. 206;
movements before Ratisbon, 209;
defeated by Hiller at Erding, 212;
battle of Wagram, 229;
reaches Vilna, 373;
commanding Bavarian troops, iv. 35.

=Wright, Capt.=, lands the Cadoudal conspirators in France, ii. 297, 298;
Savary suspected of complicity in death of, 412.

=Wurmser, Gen.=, _N.'s_ operations against, i. 350;
sent to reinforce Beaulieu, 357;
military genius, 378;
marches to relief of Mantua, 378 et seq.;
operations on Lake Garda, 381-383;
attempts to succor Mantua, 383, 384;
operations on the Brenta, 384;
advance-guard captured at Primolano, 384;
defeated at Bassano, 384;
demoralization of his army, 384;
makes ineffectual sally from Mantua, 392;
besieged in Mantua, his defense and surrender, 406-418;
_N.'s_ generosity to, 417, 418.

=Wuertemberg=, makes peace with France (1796), i. 385, 450;
grants to the Grand Duke of, ii. 265;
relations with Russia, 266;
French march through, 363;
friendly relations with and subservience to France, 377, 402; iii. 279;
created an independent kingdom, ii. 391, 398;
acquires territory after Austerlitz, 391;
member of the Confederation of the Rhine, 402, 403;
supplies contingents to _N.'s_ armies, ii. 404; iii. 3, 322, 324, 394;
Maria Louisa's progress through, iii. 256;
allotment of Austrian lands to, 266;
turns from _N._ to the allies, iv. 40;
position in Germany, 298.

=Wuertemberg, Princess Catherine of=, marries Jerome Napoleon,
iii. 93, 94.

=Wuerzburg=, seized by Jourdan, i. 385;
reported French occupation of, ii. 420;
_N.'s_ base, 424;
French forces at, iii. 393.

Y

="Yamacks," the=, iii. 162.

=Yarmouth, Lord=, negotiates for peace, ii. 400, 401, 404.

=Yelin=, author of "Germany in her Deepest Humiliation," ii. 417.

=Yermoloff, Gen.=, pursuit of the French army by, iii. 383.

=Yonne, River=, military operations on the, iv. 116, 157.

=York, Duke of=, besieges Dunkirk, i. 222;
defeated by Brune at Bergen, ii. 93, 323;
capitulates at Alkmaar, 93.

=York, Gen.=, in correspondence with Alexander I, iii. 384;
concludes convention of Tauroggen, 385, 392, 395;
nominally degraded, 385;
desertion of the French cause, 393;
his action approved by the Estates of eastern Prussia, 397;
battle of Bautzen, 410;
battle of Leipsic, iv. 30;
reinforces Bluecher at Montmirail, 63;
held by Mortier, 74;
routs Marmont at Athies, 79;
quits Bluecher's army, but returns, 80.

="Young Guard,"= the, iii. 222;
battle of Luetzen, 405;
battle of Dresden, iv. 9;
ordered to Bautzen, 18;
at Dresden, 21;
under command of Ney, 72;
Victor commanding portion of, 72;
"melts like snow," 78;
_N._ reviews, 117;
battle of Waterloo, 205.

Z

=Zaborowski=, _N._ seeks service with, i. 217.

=Zach, Gen.=, in battle of Marengo, ii. 180.

=Zacharias, Pope=, on kingly power, ii. 325.

=Zamosc=, held by the French, iii. 402.

=Zampaglini=, Corsican patriot brigand, i. 139.

=Zante=, France's jealous care of, ii. 32.

=Zealand=, French occupation of, iii. 270;
_N.'s_ offer to exchange it for Hanseatic towns, 270.

=Zembin=, the Emperor's retreat through, iii. 370.

=Ziethen, Gen. J. J.=, in Waterloo campaign, iv. 172;
at Charleroi, 173;
at Fleurus, 173, 174;
battle of Waterloo, 204, 205.

=Zittau=, French advance from Dresden to, iv. 6;
Bluecher's road to, blocked by Lauriston, 8.

=Znaim=, military operations near, ii. 367;
Kutusoff's retreat to, 379;
Charles withdraws toward, iii. 230;
fighting at, 230;
French repulse at, 235;
the armistice of, 241, 251.

=Zorndorf=, battle of, iv. 267.

=Zuerich=, the plundering of, ii. 40;
battles of, 93, 141;
Army of the Reserve ordered to, 164, 169;
Massena's victory at, 323.

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