Chapter XXII: Napoleon's Place in History (10)

=Mirabeau, H. G. R.=, activity at the meeting of the Estates-General,
i. 108;
on position of the Navarrese, 120;
plea for Corsica in the National Assembly, 120;
share in the conquest of Corsica, 120;
inspires amnesty to Paoli, 120, 124;
leads the National Assembly against Buttafuoco, 135;
military reforms of, 142;
succeeds Necker, 153;
death, 153;
opinion of Talleyrand, ii. 33;
statue at the Tuileries, 147;
his politics to be ignored, iii. 27.

=Miranda=, Bessieres at, iii. 183.

=Mississippi, River, the=, the United States acquires control of,
ii. 289.

=Mittau=, Louis XVIII at, iii. 52.

=Mlawa=, military operations near, iii. 13.

=Moeckern=, military operations near, iv. 27, 30.

=Modena=, intrigue in the court of, i. 345;
held to ransom, 374, 375;
the armistice with, broken, 401;
Austria's protectorate over, 425;
Austria seeks to retain, 438;
disposition by treaty of Leoben, 438;
incorporated into the Cisalpine Republic, ii. 21;
_N.'s_ bad faith with, 144.

=Modena, Duke of=, attempts to bribe _N._, i. 366, 445;
destruction of his government, 374;
driven from his throne, 401.

=Modlin=, French military stores in, iii. 333;
held by the French, 402.

=Mohileff=, French garrison in, iii. 341.

=Mohrungen=, skirmish at, iii. 10.

=Moldavia=, Russian ambition to possess, ii. 356; iii. 98, 105,
116, 176, 248, 310;
dismissal of the Turkish viceroy of, ii. 441;
alleged concession of, to Russia, iii. 55;
Russian evacuation of, 64;
_N._ offers to offset Silesia against Wallachia and, 107, 108, 113;
Russia threatened with the loss of, 314.

=Moliere, J. B.=, scene from "Tartufe," iii. 380.

=Molitor, Gen. G. J. J.=, in battle of Aspern, iii. 220.

=Moellendorf, Gen. R. J. H.=, Prussian commander, ii. 419.

=Mollien, N. F.=, director of public debt, ii. 220;
keeper of the army-chest, 409, 410;
minister of the treasury, 410;
advises against war, iii. 308;
protests against issue of paper money, 389;
remark of _N._ to, iv. 159;
member of _N.'s_ new cabinet, 159.

=Monaco, Prince of=, brought as prisoner to _N._, iv. 154.

=Moncey, Gen.=, crosses the St. Gotthard, ii. 170, 172;
created marshal, 323;
created Duke of Conegliano, iii. 86;
invades Spain, 132;
defeated at Valencia, 154;
advances on Valencia, 156;
at Madrid, 156;
at Tafalla, 183;
moves against Castanos, 185;
besieges Saragossa, 186;
at review of the Guard at Fontainebleau, iv. 118;
recreated marshal, 167.

=Mondego, River=, Wellington retreats down the, iii. 284.

=Mondovi=, battle of, i. 354, 355.

=Money-lenders=, _N.'s_ hatred for, ii. 122.

=Monfalcone=, ceded to France, iii. 239.

=Monge, Gaspard=, _N.'s_ mathematical teacher, i. 181;
minister of the navy, 181;
founds the Polytechnic School, 281;
plunders Italian scientific collections, 369;
carries treaty of Campo Formio to the Directory, ii. 24;
warlike declaration against England, 32;
elaborates plan for operations, in the Mediterranean, 33;
accompanies _N._ on his return from Alexandria, 81;
member of the senate, 151;
_N.'s_ friendship with, 335;
created baron, iii. 297.

="Moniteur," the=, records "Buona Parte's" action at Toulon, i. 230;
records _N.'s_ daily life, ii. 30;
on the events of the 18th Brumaire, 106;
excites warlike feeling in France (1800), 146;
attacks England, 271, 294;
publishes Sebastiani's report, 273;
on the imperial court at Aachen, 339;
threatens Austria, 361;
on the field of Austerlitz, 391;
insults Prussia, 400;
announces the position of the Napoleonic princes, iii. 82;
announces the fall of the House of Braganza, 121;
justifies French invasion of Spain, 133;
publishes "authorized" reports of the Spanish failure, 197;
on Austrian aggressions, 213;
announces the annexation of Holland, 277;
_N._ offers Alexander the use of, 315;
proclamation to the National Guard, March 8, 1815, iv. 145.

=Monk, Gen. George=, _N._ is offered the role of, ii. 9;
Massena fitted for the role, 94;
_N._ compared with, 230;
Marmont emulates the role, iv. 120, 125.

=Monnier, Gen. J. C.=, in battle of Marengo, ii. 119.

=Monroe, James=, President of United States, understanding with
England, iii. 48.

=Monroe Doctrine, the=, iv. 298.

=Montalivet, Comte J. P. B.=, member of the Empress-regent's
council, iv. 106.

=Mont Blanc, Department of=, i. 222.

=Montbrun, Gen. L. P.=, commanding cavalry in Russian campaign of,
1812, iii. 324.

=Mont Cenis pass=, the, crossed by _N._, ii. 27;
crossed by Turreau, 170, 172;
Austrian watch on, 170;
the road over, 349; iii. 74.

=Monte Albaredo=, the French pass over, ii. 171.

=Monte Baldo=, military operations near, i. 380, 388, 410-414.

=Montebello=, the Austrian retreat toward, i. 392;
_N.'s_ residence at, 447, 452, 455, 456;
Josephine at, 455;
Genoese embassy to, ii. 11;
engagements near, 176;
battle of, 196;
Lannes created Duke of, iii. 86. _See also_ =Lannes=.

=Monte Legino=, Rampon's stand at, i. 356, 393.

=Montenotte=, battle of, i. 353; iv. 65.

=Montereau=, military movements near, iv. 65, 68;
Victor ordered to seize, 71;
besieged by the Crown Prince of Wuertemberg, 72;
battle of, 72, 73;
captured by the French, 72, 73.

=Monte Rotondo=, Carlo Buonaparte at, i. 31.

=Montesquieu, C. de S.=, views on Corsica, i. 19;
_N.'s_ views on his political speculations, ii. 49, 51;
_N.'s_ study of, 54;
on human ambition, iii. 82;
_N.'s_ admiration for, 176;
"Grandeur and Fall of the Romans," iv. 69.

=Montesquiou, A. A. A.=, royalist intrigues of, iv. 107;
member of the executive commission, 115.

=Montesquiou, Mme. de=, governess to the King of Rome, iv, 53.

=Montgelas, M. J. G.=, Bavarian minister of state, iii. 179.

=Mont Genevre=, building a road over, ii. 349.

=Montholon, Charles=, the "Manuscrit de l'Ile d'Elbe" attributed to,
i. 177;
_N.'s_ declaration to, concerning the Duc d'Enghien, ii. 311;
accompanies _N._ to St. Helena, iv. 214;
residence on the island, 231;
assists _N._ on his history, 232;
remark of _N._ to, 233.

=Monthyon, Gen.=, escorts _N._ from the field of Waterloo, iv. 211.

=Montierender=, military movements at, iv. 61.

=Montmartre=, defense of, iv. 109;
captured by the Prussians, 111.

=Montmirail=, battle of, iv. 63, 64.

=Montmorency=, royalist intrigues of, iv. 107.

=Montpellier=, death of Carlo Buonaparte, at i. 63.

=Mont St. Jean=, Wellington's retreat to, iv. 184, 190;
possibility of Grouchy reaching, 192;
topography of, 195;
Wellington's center at, 195;
fighting at, 214.

=Moore, Sir John=, commanding English troops in the Peninsula, iii. 186;
at Salamanca, 186;
at Astorga, 186, 187;
French search for, 187;
prepares to attack Soult, 188;
crosses the Esla, 188;
destroys magazines at Benevento, 188;
reaches Corunna, 188;
his retreat, death, and example, 189;
defeat of Soult, 286.

=Moosburg=, Archduke Charles's force at, iii. 207;
Massena at, 207.

=Morand, Gen. L. C. A.=, in the Eckmuehl campaign, iii. 208;
battle of Borodino, 344;
in battle of Waterloo, iv. 205.

=Moravia=, Kutusoff's advance into, ii. 367.

=Moreau, Gen. J. V.=, a product of Carnot's system, i. 332;
commanding forces at Strasburg, 347;
at Munich, 384;
defeats Archduke Charles, 385;
crosses the Rhine at Kehl, 385;
operations on the Rhine, 435;
military genius, 350; ii. 163, 164, 300; iv. 2;
fails to reinforce _N._, i. 438-443;
crosses the Rhine near Strasburg, 440;
declines to aid the Directors, ii. 6;
serves in the Army of Italy, 72;
suspected of complicity with Pichegru, 72, 164, 298;
last stand in Piedmont, 83;
succeeds Scherer in command, 88;
military operations in the Apennines, 93;
succeeded by Joubert, 92;
tempted with a dictatorship, 94;
tainted with royalism, 94;
joins the Bonapartist ranks, 97;
a banquet at St. Sulpice, 100;
relations with the Directory, 100;
commanding guard at the Luxembourg, 108;
blamed for imprisoning Moulins and Gohier, 108;
appointed to command the Army of the Rhine, 140, 160;
personal ambition, 140, 163; iv. 3;
a military rival of _N._, ii. 140, 163, 192;
_N.'s_ scheme to strengthen, 163;
letter from _N._, March 16, 1800, 163;
ordered to take the offensive, 163;
participation in the revolution of Brumaire, 164;
lack of supplies for, 165;
crosses the Rhine, April 25, 1800, 166;
outwits Kray, 166;
passes the Black Forest, 166;
defeats Kray at Messkirch and Engen, 167;
troops detached from, 170;
levies contributions on South Germany, 186;
effect of his victories, 186;
occupies Munich, 186;
fortresses ceded to, 188, 189;
representative of Revolutionary traditions in warfare, 181;
position near Munich, 190;
battle of Hohenlinden, 191;
eclipses _N._ in military glory, 192;
advances toward Vienna, 192;
republican sentiment in his army, 235;
fall of, 241, 295-299, 302;
implicated in the Cadoudal conspiracy, 296 et seq.;
arrest and imprisonment of, 298;
popular denunciation of, 299;
banishment of, 299;
takes up arms against _N._, 299;
mortally wounded at Dresden, 299; iv. 12;
effect of his disgrace, ii. 318;
movements at Munich, iii. 203;
summoned from America for European service, 407; iv. 3;
goes over to the allies, 3;
with Schwarzenberg's army, 3;
character, 3;
enters the Russian service, 3;
ambition to acquire the French crown, 3;
treachery of, 5;
plans the battle of Dresden, 7, 8;
refuses to fight against his country, 8;
death, 82;
funeral mass celebrated for, 146.

=Moreau, Mme.=, ambition of, ii. 299.

=Morlaix=, Villeneuve at, ii. 375.

"=Morning Chronicle=," on England's indifference to French affairs,
iv. 163.

=Morsbach=, military movements near, iii. 206.

=Mortier, Gen. E. A.=, a product of Carnot's system, i. 332;
occupies Hanover, ii. 287;
created marshal, 323;
destruction of his division, 368;
annihilated at Duerrenstein, 378;
in the Austerlitz campaign, 380;
occupies Mainz, 424, 443;
seizes the Prince of Hesse-Cassel, 443;
threatens Stralsund, iii. 19;
battle of Heilsberg, 29;
battle of Friedland, 30;
created Duke of Treviso, 86;
yearly income, 87;
reinforcements for, 165;
occupies Franconia, 165;
forces in Spain, 191;
ordered to blow up the Kremlin, 355;
in the retreat from Moscow, 357;
commanding the Guard, campaign of 1813, 402;
battle of Dresden, iv. 9;
holds Pirna, 12, 18;
battle of Leipsic, 29;
at Troyes, 60;
battle of Montmirail, 63;
at Soissons, 74;
junction with _N._, 77;
checks Bluecher at the Ourcq, 76;
battle of Laon, 79;
defends the Paris line against Bluecher, 86;
at Rheims, 86;
at Soissons, 86;
junction with Marmont at Fismes, 93;
driven back to Charenton, 99;
junction with Marmont, 99;
driven back on Paris, 101, 105;
defense of Paris, 112, 113;
concludes terms of surrender, 113;
denounced by _N._, 115, 116;
ordered to take position under the walls of Paris, 116;
strength after surrender of Paris, 118;
attachment to _N._, 117;
absent from the Waterloo campaign, 171.

=Moscow=, _N._ threatens to march to, iii. 304;
military enthusiasm in, 336;
Russian retreat from Smolensk toward, 339;
_N.'s_ line from the Niemen to, 340;
defense of, 343-345;
agreement of the opposing generals as to its capture, 345;
the Kremlin, 345, 347;
capture and burning, 345-349;
_N._ expects Alexander to save, 347;
_N.'s_ political and military blunders at, 343, 348;
fountain of Russian inspiration, 347;
topography, buildings, monuments, etc., 348;
Russian abandonment of, 349;
disputed honor of the conflagration, 349;
pillage of, 350;
the French army in, 349-352;
_N.'s_ dissipation in, 352;
_N.'s_ intention to be crowned in, 352;
French retreat from, 352-356, 357 et seq.;
throwing away the spoils of, 358;
destruction of, 382;
Alexander's desire to avenge the French seizure of, iv. 41.

=Mosel, River=, military operations on the, iv. 58.

=Moskwa, River=, military movements on the, iii. 344, 348.

=Moulins, J. F. A.=, member of the Directory, ii. 92;
represents Jacobin element in the Directory, 94;
proposed resignation of, 101;
refuses to resign, 108;
imprisonment of, 108, 115;
_N.'s_ charges against, before the Ancients, 113.

="Mountain," the=, position in the National Convention, i. 188;
suspects an English party in Corsica, 196;
action discussed in the "Supper of Beaucaire," 218;
_N.'s_ affiliation with, 242;
fall of, 248;
factions in, 250;
status in the provinces, 268;
annihilation of, 284.

=Moustier=, question of Grouchy's moving to, iv. 192, 193.

=Mozhaisk=, military operations at, iii, 347, 356;
depot of the French army at, 357.

=Mueffling, Gen.=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 204.

=Muiron=, killed at Arcole, i. 400.

=Mulde, River=, contemplated movements on the, iv. 24.

=Mueller, W.=, member of Prussian reform party, ii. 415.

=Multedo=, member of Directory of Corsica, i. 133;
denounces _N._, 254;
letter from _N._, 257.

=Muenchberg=, Soult at, ii. 428.

=Munich=, Moreau at, i. 384; ii. 186, 190; iii. 203;
military operations near, ii. 191;
Mehee de la Touche's machinations in, 297;
expulsion of the English envoy at, 330;
the Elector of Bavaria reoccupies, 377;
_N.'s_ plan to reach, iii. 204.

=Muenster=, position in the French Empire, iii. 279.

=Mur, River=, military operations on the, i. 434.

=Murad Bey=, attacks the French at Shebreket, ii. 59;
battle of the Pyramids, 60;
worries _N._ with mysterious intrigues, 76;
fails to assist the Rhodes expedition, 77;
death, 77.

=Murat, Gen. Joachim=, at Borghetto, i. 372;
threatens Genoa, 373;
in Rivoli campaign, 415;
service in Egypt, ii. 53;
ordered to kill hostile tribesmen, 70;
battle of Aboukir, 78;
accompanies _N._ on return from Alexandria, 81;
action on the 18th Brumaire, 105;
commanding guard at St. Cloud, 108;
proposes to clear the Orangery, 117;
pursues the Austrians from Milan, 173;
battle of Marengo, 179;
commanding in central Italy, 190;
watches Naples, 190;
his plebeian birth, 195;
marries Caroline Buonaparte, 195, 258;
guardian to King Louis's widow, 233;
military commandant at Paris, 308;
share in trial of d'Enghien, 310;
created marshal, 323;
at _N.'s_ coronation, 342;
captures Werneck's division at Noerdlingen, 367;
enters Vienna, 368;
reproached by _N._, 368;
crosses the Tabor bridge, 368;
base conduct at Vienna, 369;
vanity of, 378;
permits Kutusoff's escape, 378;
"destroys the fruits of a campaign," 379;
pursues the Russian force, 378;
checked by Bagration at Hollabrunn, 379;
outwitted by Kutusoff at Hollabrunn, 379;
battle of Austerlitz, 386, 388;
Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg, 403;
takes title of Joachim I, 403;
his ambitions, 416;
Prussian campaign of 1806, 422, 428, 429;
personal attendance on _N._, 425;
at Saalburg, 428;
in battle of Jena, 429;
character, 436; iii. 139, 141;
invests Magdeburg, ii. 436;
pursues Hohenlohe, 436;
at Golymin, iii. 4;
strength in Poland, 7;
in campaign of Eylau, 15-17;
pursues Bennigsen, 18;
battle of Heilsberg, 29;
pursues Lestocq from Friedland, 32;
at Tilsit, 52;
interview with Queen Louisa, 61;
assumes title of Napoleon, 82;
advances on Madrid, 134;
at Burgos, 134;
assumes command in Spain, 134;
his dilemma, 139;
his protection sought by Charles IV, 138;
letter to _N._, March 25, 1808, 139;
enters Madrid, 139-142;
ambition to secure the Spanish throne, 139, 146, 150;
letters from _N._, March, 1808, 141;
designated Protector of Spain, 141;
relations with _N._, 141;
attitude of Spanish people toward, 141;
his policy in Spain, 141, 142;
refuses to recognize Ferdinand, 143;
trouble with his prisoner Godoy, 145;
appointed dictator of Spain, 146;
Madrid revolts against, 146;
_N._ offers him the crown of Naples or of Portugal, 147;
executes patriots in Madrid, 147;
becomes king of Naples, 149, 278, 319;
_N.'s_ control over, 151;
butchery in the Madrid riots, 151;
strength at Madrid, 155;
commander-in-chief at Madrid, 155;
executes decree depriving the Pope of secular power, 242;
member of extraordinary council on _N.'s_ second marriage, 253;
violates the Continental System, 266;
strength, March 12, 1812, 323;
cavalry command in the Russian campaign of 1812, 324;
urges action at Vitebsk, 338;
battle of Smolensk, 340;
remonstrates against fighting at Smolensk, 340;
enters Moscow, 345;
reports the temper of the Russian peasantry, 350;
sudden attack on, 352, 355;
desperate fighting on the retreat from Moscow, 362;
ordered to form behind the Niemen, 373;
commanding the remnants of the grand army, 373;
deserts the army and returns to Naples, 373, 385, 393; iv. 51;
crosses the Niemen, iii. 384;
enters Koenigsberg, 384;
held to his allegiance, 421;
battle of Dresden, iv. 10;
sent to support Vandamme at Kulm, 15;
fails to check Schwarzenberg or hold Bluecher, 17;
ordered to hold Schwarzenberg, 22, 23;
battle of Wachau, 27, 28;
battle of Leipsic, 27, 28, 32;
forms alliance with Austria, 55;
marches on Rome, 56;
censured by _N._, 56;
deserts _N._, 56, 59;
characterization of Talleyrand, 107;
uneasy for his throne, 144;
deposed, 145;
Soult opposed to, 157;
condemned to death, 225.

=Murat, Mme.=, marital relations, ii. 258.

=Murati=, success of, at Bastia, i. 119.

=Museum of Arts and Crafts=, founded, i. 281.

=Mustapha IV=, seeks the friendship of France, iii. 106;
overthrows Selim III, 106;
weak reign of, 163;
murders Selim III, 162.

N

=N=, Napoleon's monogram, iii. 40.

=Namur=, military operations near, iv. 171, 176, 182, 186, 211.

=Nangis=, Victor and Oudinot driven back to, iv. 65;
Wittgenstein driven from, 72;
_N._ at, 72;
Berthier at, 72;
French retreat stopped at, 84.

=Nansouty, Gen.=, in the Eckmuehl campaign, iii. 208;
commanding cavalry in Russian campaign of 1812, 324;
moves from Sezanne against Bluecher, iv. 62;
ordered toward Montmirail, 63;
transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, 132.

=Nantes=, immunity from the White Terror, iv. 222.

=Napier, Gen.=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 208.

=Naples=, Bourbon influence in, i. 21;
humiliation of, 192, 374;
aids in defense of Toulon, 221;
under foreign yoke, 345;
French proposition to revolutionize, 373;
becomes refractory, 401;
makes peace with France, 402;
_N.'s_ leniency to, 421;
_N.'s_ influence in, 448;
plunder of, ii. 17, 18;
arrogance of, 17, 18;
diplomatic offset of Spain against, 18;
claims Malta, 18;
neutralization of, 33;
dread of French spoliation in, 39;
makes war on Rome, 68, 72, 86, 87;
spread of revolutionary ideas to, 86;
joins the second coalition, 86, 91;
Macdonald ordered to, 87;
Bonapartist agency in, 89;
capture of, by Championnet, 87, 93;
unbridled license at, 92;
watched by Murat, 190;
Russia intercedes for, 203, 204;
English ships forbidden to enter, 204;
forced contributions from, 204;
France withdraws from, 211, 262, 287;
not allowed to garrison Malta, 284;
seized by Saint-Cyr, 287;
fate of her admiral, Caraccioli, 300;
Russia demands France's evacuation of, 330, 347;
independence of, 357;
a focus of anti-French conspiracies, 357;
_N._ demands expulsion of emigrants from, 357;
_N._ threatens to seize, 362;
Villeneuve ordered to, 371;
Prussia bound to secure the liberties of, 377;
banishment of the Bourbons from, 391, 395, 401; iii. 214;
Russian occupation of, ii. 395, 418;
Joseph Bonaparte made king of, 395, 439; iii. 148;
Massena ordered to, ii. 395;
rupture of the Queen's engagement with _N._, 395;
opened to English ships, 395;
_N._ exacts tribute from, 396;
Russia evacuates, 405;
vassalage to France recognized at Tilsit, iii. 54;
trouble concerning the Papal States, 67;
abolition of the hostile strip between Italy and, 118;
financial and political reform in, 130;
Murat becomes king of, 147, 150, 279, 319;
England's loss of trade with, 272;
seizure of American ships by, 275;
Murat returns to 373, 385;
fails to support _N._, iv. 57, 59;
insecurity of Murat's throne, 144;
refrains from joining the European coalition against _N._, 162.

=Naples, King of=.
_See_ =Buonaparte, Joseph=.

"=Napoladron=," iii. 292.

=Napoleon Buonaparte=.
(_Note._--Items concerning Napoleon's relations with persons or
places will be found under the respective names of such subjects.
For a conspectus of events in his career, _see_ the Tables of
Contents in each volume.
For aphorisms by or concerning Napoleon, _see_ =Phrases=.
For details of his character _see_ paragraph below,--_Analysis
of character_.)
Birth and infancy, i. 33-47;
brothers and sisters, 33, 34;
forms of his name, 38;
nicknames, 39;
his personal recollections of childhood, 40, 45;
development of military genius at the snow forts, 53;
challenges a schoolmate, 51;
letter to his father, 58;
conceptions of the state, 78;
aptitude for the navy, 57;
two enemies of, 65;
views on and first lessons in revolution, 123-134, 156, 190;
hatred of France, 92, 122;
improvement in financial condition, 127;
a Corsican revolutionist, 130;
first appearance as an orator, 132;
political schemes, 137;
certificates as to his republicanism, 136, 140;
prepared for confirmation, 146;
his detractors, 148;
his desire concerning his biographies, 148;
course of life from 1791 to 1795, 148 et seq.;
payment of debts, 149;
growing notoriety, 156;
a starting-point of his career, 159;
addresses the Minister of War on the National Guard, 159;
debts of, 159;
a Corsican Jacobin, 160-179;
strained relations with the Ministry of War, 160, 295;
purchases sequestrated church lands, 161;
election methods, 166;
his "civism," 170, 180;
with the mob at the Tuileries, 176;
on riots, 176;
relations with the Marseilles deputation, 178;
on the conflict of August 10, 1792, 178;
seeks commission in naval artillery, 182;
aims at Corsican leadership, 202;
failure in politics, 211;
general of brigade, 232, 236-242, 287;
his own record of his life, 237;
influential friends, 236, 240, 244;
a Jacobin general, 236-246;
denies his nobility, 237;
refuses to obey the Convention's summons, 240;
a Montagnard, 242;
the "plan-maker" of the Robespierres, 245;
the germ of his military system, 247;
vicissitudes in war and diplomacy, 247, 259;
suspension and arrest, 254-259;
appeal to the "representatives of the people" (1794), 255;
release, 257;
the end of apprenticeship, 260-271;
degraded from artillery to infantry, 278;
Jacobin proclivities, 284, 286;
renounces Jacobinism, 286;
the General of the Convention, 287-301;
plans marriage and settled life, 294;
jealousy directed against, 310;
his police services, 310;
courtship and marriage, 310, 323;
a typical Corsican, 311;
views on love and marriage, 311;
adopts new spelling of his name, 321;
a product of Carnot's system, 332;
the Oedipus of France, 339;
on a great stage, 339-351;
demands reinforcements, 347;
insists on unity of command, 348;
keynote of military policy, 348;
secret of his military success, 351;
"the Little Corporal," 362; iv. 154;
an insubordinate conqueror and diplomatist, i. 363-377;
entrusted with diplomatic powers, 364;
threats against, 364;
prostitution of his subordinates, 366, 376;
scheme of art plunder, 368;
views concerning arts and sciences, 369;
plans succeeding the capture of Milan, 372-377;
refuses bribes, 376;
a prophecy fulfilled, 385;
narrow escapes, 393;
extinction of the Corsican in, 404;
memoirs, 417;
military jealousy directed against, 426;
independent attitude of, ii. 4;
attitude toward royalty, 4;
"a personage in Europe," 9;
plans for building up sea power, 18;
bribery of and by, 19;
constructive commander-in-chief of French forces, 36;
represses pillage, 42;
supplanter of the Revolution, 46;
his "complete code of politics," 49;
theories of government, 49, 50;
doubtful points in connection with the Egyptian campaign, 49-52;
on English political history, 50;
"the pear is not yet ripe," 52;
assumes the role of a prophet, 66;
el Kebir, the Exalted, 67;
receives secret information from his brothers, 79;
summoned to take supreme command, 80;
death at St. Helena, 82; iv. 234;
gives toast: "the harmony of all the French," ii. 101;
scheme to make him consul, 102;
secret meeting of his friends, 15th of Brumaire, 102;
critical moment in Talleyrand's house, 103;
temporary dictator, 106;
speech to Barras's messenger, 19th Brumaire, 107;
dangerous confidence of, 109;
"traitor and outlaw," 113, 115, 122;
the arbiter of French destiny, 121;
reports of his wealth, 122;
First Consul, 124, 125, 130;
royalist predilections for, 134;
his choice of two policies, 138;
the epoch of, 139;
importance in universal history, 139;
apparent loss of military ambition, 140;
choice of administrators, 140, 149-153;
English views of, 143, 144;
salary as First Consul, 150;
the personality of the council of state his, 152;
aims at centralization of government, 153;
beneficent effects of his regime on the world, 153;
controls foreign relations, 153;
foreign policy, 157, 158;
makes enemies as First Consul, 158;
the fate of France identified with his, 158;
contrasts administrative with military glory, 164;
on the art of war, 165;
expansion of his schemes, 172;
his favorite tactics, 177;
distinction between the statesman and the general, 183-185;
violation of the constitution in assuming command, 186;
undisputed mastery of France, 185;
sportive tricks with old dynasties of Europe, 194;
period of his greatest renown, 198;
married life, 198, 199, 256;
malicious libels on, 199;
as kingmaker, 205;
urged by Russia to declare himself king, 209;
codification of the laws, 222;
regenerates feudal society, 224;
study of law, 227;
his interest in education, 227;
the new era, 229;
method of deporting opposition, 235-238;
apparent summit of his power, 239;
plots and attempts to assassinate, 239, 240; iv. 122, 138, 144;
policy toward his enemies, ii. 241;
popularity, 244-249;
proposal to make him king, 248;
the tool of fate and architect of his own fortunes, 250;
his first marriage, 250;
a soldier of fortune, 250;
at maturity, 250 et seq.;
a man of all ages, 253;
the personification of France, 253;
effect of conspiracies on, 255;
safeguards for, 256;
on friendships, 256;
on the forces by which kings rule, 256;
effect of his married life on the Code, 257;
war a necessity to, 268;
French admiration for, 377;
expansion of the revolutionary system, 278;
relations with the diplomatic corps, 279, 280;
consular levee of March 13, 1803, 280;
reception of diplomatic corps, Apr. 4, 1803, 284;
remonstrances against adulation of, 295;
mortification of, 312;
on the pinnacle of revolutionary power, 314;
brief review of his career, 314-318;
creates a virtual tyranny, 315;
"consul, stadholder, or emperor?" 321;
his imperial title, 323;
his civil list, 323;
heraldic device of the empire, 323;
secures the imperial succession to his family, 324;
inauguration of the empire, 326;
coronation, 327, 339 et seq.; iv. 249;
his naval plans of 1805, ii. 334;
reception of the news of Trafalgar, 334;
as a man of science, 335;
his strength with the army, 334;
forms of his strategy, 337;
fear of poison, 341;
encourages arts and sciences, 347-351;
first speech from the imperial throne, 347;
germs of the national uprising against, 348;
the spell of his name, 349;
deprecates war, 351;
backed by the nation, 352;
"moderation" of, 355;
anger at naval failures, 360;
rapidity and perfection of his movements, 363;
his military commanders, 364;
sinks the emperor in the general, 364, 423; iii. 112, 404;
the head of the French Empire, ii. 395;
demands recognition as Emperor of Rome, 396;
violation of dynastic ties, 404;
ideas about territorial sanctity, 404;
"Napoleon the Great," 407;
the imperial catechism, 408;
traveling arrangements, 425;
distrust of his suite, 426;
simplicity of his military dress, 438;
likened to an octopus, 445;
political methods and policies, iii. 1, 76, 115, 196, 316;
a new seat of war for, 3;
determined to "conquer the sea by land," 3;
new experience in campaigning 5;
his first child, 11;
the center of his administration, 24;
the supports of his empire, 24;
centralization of government in, 25;
nameless charges against, 26;
his excuses for his license, 26;
his monogram (N) 39, 40;
commercial policy, 46, 137;
attitude toward the Russo-Prussian alliance, 54;
preference for action before words, 66;
recognizes the power of decorations, 81;
drafts on his associates, 81;
the surname of Napoleon, 82;
on the ambitions of the French people, 83;
on paternal government, 83;
personal decrees, 86;
recognizes popular fickleness, 86;
creates a titled class, 86;
art under, 88;
system of imperial patronage, 91;
discourages gambling, 92;
relations with his friends and generals, 93;
imprisons a milliner, 92;
pert remarks addressed to, 94;
supposed cause of the turn of his fortunes, 96;
ignorance concerning American affairs, 101;
realizes the limitations of his power, 110;
his "master," 110;
ill luck at sea, 112;
political system of, 115;
the height of his power, 115;
crushes a watch in passion, 130;
his determination to crush opposition, 130;
intercepts suspected correspondence, 130, 162;
his "cabinet noir," 130;
turn of his fortunes, 137, 151;
justifies pillage, 159;
crushing blows, 159, 161 et seq.;
the embodiment of power, 160;
divorce impending, 160;
system of territorial expansion, 165;
his extinctions of ruling dynasties, 165;
diplomatic exhibit of his political scheme at St. Cloud, 169;
dramatic incident at performance of "Oedipe," 172;
appreciation of the drama, 173;
familiarity with ancient history, 174, 175;
thickening of the divorce plot, 179;
the character of his civilization, 179;
orders list of marriageable princesses to be prepared, 179;
a gang of self-seeking traitors to, 193;
well informed on the European situation, 195;
system of spies, 196;
skilful historians on, 196;
shifts responsibility for wars onto the enemy, 198;
his plan of campaigns, 202;
policy of wooing people and abusing their rulers, 213;
Bonaparte distinguished from Napoleon, 231; iv. 39, 133;
ultimate terms of peace, iii. 239;
sick of war, 238;
dread of assassination, 240;
excommunicated, 242;
change in his manner, 245;
his "harem," 246;
declining popularity, 249;
basis of his power, 250;
alleges the reasons for his divorce, 253;
decides on the Austrian marriage, 254;
second marriage, 259;
banishes the cardinals, 259;
renounces title of Roman Emperor, 261;
consolidation of his power, 262;
fills vacant bishoprics, 263;
extent of his empire, 264, 278;
change of naval policy, 264;
the national uprisings against, 269;
causes leading to his overthrow, 269;
mistaken policy of providing thrones for relatives, 278;
his perquisites in English sugar and coffee, 279;
Spanish schoolboys' nickname for, 292;
deals with state property for personal benefit, 295;
policy of personal attachments, 295;
his "extraordinary domain," 295, 305;
imperial residences, 301;
endows maternity hospital, 301;
chooses between lives of child and mother, 302;
aspirations for sea power, 304;
flood-tide of success, 305;
method of replenishing an empty treasury, 305, 309;
the man and the embodied political force of Europe, distinguished,
306-309;
"Emperor of the Continent," 308;
an incident that changed the course of history, 314;
new naval schemes, 315;
belief in the devotion of France, 316;
policy of territorial aggrandizement, 316;
his ideal, 319;
beginning of his decline, 319;
considered the anti-christ, 322;
secret funds, 323;
studies Roman history, 325;
warned against war by ministers and friends, 326;
warned of the fate of Charles XII, 326;
moral reforms, 327;
the climax of his drama, 331;
physical characteristics at opening of the Russian campaign of
1812, 332;
afflicted with dysuria, 332;
address to his army before the Russian campaign, 334;
plans of action, 335, 336;
longing for a great battle, 337;
desperate military straits of, 341;
deplores the barbarity of war, 343;
contracts a loathsome disease, 352;
weakness and indecision on the retreat from Moscow, 355;
shares the hardships of the army, 357, 362, 365;
commands a division of the army, 363;
bulletin of Dec. 3, 1812, 372;
false report of his death, 376;
wrath of the army against, 376;
"robbed the cradle and the grave," 386;
revolutionary training, 388;
his "library," 388;
on credit, 389;
faces a European coalition, 391, 392;
refuses to cede European holdings, 392;
conciliatory attitude, 393;
fallacies of his military schemes of 1813, 394;
aims of the new coalition against, 399;
belief in cavalry, 402;
attitude toward Austria, 404;
his blunder of 1813, 411;
the beginning of the final disaster, 411;
a tyro in dynastic politics, 416;
alleged turning-point in his career, 418;
suspects treachery, 418;
isolation of, 417, 423;
characterizes his Austrian marriage as stupidity, 418;
his first fatal blunder, 420;
tries to bribe Austria, 424;
former friends turn against, iv. 2;
advantage over the allies, 3;
the hazard of the die, 4;
characterization of the allies, 5;
value of his presence in the field, 10;
climax of disaster, 16;
appeals to sentiment rather than history, 16;
the wonder-year of his theoretical genius, 16;
transformed from strategist into politician, 17;
the diplomat outstrips the strategist, 16;
definition of a great man, 21;
outwitted by the allies, 25, 26;
the savior of society, 43;
found out by the masses, 44;
newness of his nobility, 44;
his aim the independence of the nations, 45;
spends his private treasure on the army, 50;
his last official act, 53;
no longer Emperor, 53;
leaves Paris for Chalons, 53;
value of his prestige, 60;
his supreme military effort, 59;
a famous march by, 64;
the allies' determination to exterminate the Napoleonic idea, 66, 67;
his military correspondence, 1814, 66;
yields to his marshals, 69;
estrangement and desertion of his marshals, 72, 121, 129-132;
suggestion that he abdicate, 74;
realizes the war is for his extermination, 80;
"the spasmodic stroke of the dying gladiator," 83;
rouses the peasantry to guerrilla warfare, 85;
desperate scheme of, 90;
"this movement makes or mars me," 97;
capture of a bundle of letters from Paris for, 98;
chances for a last stand, 102;
contemplates a new levy, 106;
the allies refuse to treat with, 114;
proposal that he govern France under guarantees, 114;
overthrown by the legislature, 115;
regains his equilibrium, 117;
rage at learning of the surrender, 116;
the allies refuse to negotiate with, 117;
his first abdication, 117, 123-125, 128;
influence over the troops, 118;
desertion of the army, 126;
the knell of the empire, 127;
proclamation of April 5, 1814, 129;
a homeless citizen of the world, 129;
determination never to be taken alive, 129;
final form of his declaration of abdication, 131;
use of the imperial style, 133;
the savior of European society, 133;
treatment accorded to, by the allies, 133-142;
parting gifts to old acquaintances, 134;
treasure at Blois, 134;
denies the charge of usurpation, 135;
alleged to be a bastard, 137;
alleged theft of crown jewels, 138;
his true name said to be Nicholas, 138;
calumnies heaped on, 138, 143;
plots for the exile of, 138;
adopts disguise, 139;
farewell to the allies' commissioners, 140;
effect of English customs on, 140;
begins the administration of his island realm, 141;
treasure at the Tuileries, 141;
his historical commentaries, 141;
forced to practise economy, 142;
diminution of his private fortune, 144;
scheme to deport him still further, 145;
keeps informed as to course of European events, 146, 149;
scouts the idea of a regency, 152;
prepares for his escape, 152;
alleged fears of deportation, 152;
his escape justified, 152;
dismisses the peasantry from his column, 155;
troops flock to, 158;
forms his new cabinet, 159;
acquiesces in popular demand for constitutional government, 159;
the apostle of popular sovereignty, 160;
views on abolition of censorship of press, 160;
devotion to the cause of public liberty, 161;
resolution of the European dynasties to extirpate his regime, 161;
"the enemy and disturber of the world's peace," 162;
proclaimed an outlaw, 162, 164;
turns toward the moderate liberals, 165;
call for volunteers, 165;
his reconstituted corps of marshals, 167;
proclamation to the army, June 15, 1815, 173;
apparent successes of June 16, 1815, 184;
effects of his inactivity, 194;
his last dream of glory, 196, 197;
loss of the last chance, 205;
the emperor contrasted with the general, 207;
demand for his abdication, 217;
calls for him as dictator, 218;
idea of regaining the government by force, 218;
abdicates for the second time, 218;
adopts civilian's clothing, 219;
the government refuses responsibility for his safety, 219;
romantic schemes for his escape, 222;
desire for his execution, 224;
regarded as the common prisoner of the allies, 225;
General Bonaparte, a private citizen, 226;
appeals against his sentence, 226, 227;
upholds polygamy, 231;
his autobiography, 230, 231;
efforts for his release, 230, 231;
as a prisoner, 230-235;
attempts intercourse with friends in France, 231;
farewell message to his son, 231;
his testament, 233;
bequests and their settlements, 233;
last sickness and death, 234;
a possible epitaph, 247;
his rise to power, 247 et seq.;
questionings as to his life and work, 247 et seq.;
his love of artillery, 248;
lack of education, 250;
on greatness, 249;
influence on history, 253 et seq.;
early struggles, 254 et seq.;
methods of acquiring supreme power, 258, 262, 263;
lasting character of his work, 259;
legal reforms, 260;
police system of, 260;
centralization of his administrative system, 260, 261, 264;
social reforms, 260, 261, 264;
educational system, 260;
the secret of his downfall, 261;
position among lawgivers and statesmen, 260;
rule by military force, 261;
attitude toward democracy, 261;
deficient education in politics and history, 262;
influence on modern times, 262, 292;
popular distrust of his character, 263;
meets intrigue with intrigue, 263;
responsibility for bloodshed, 265;
causes of his downfall, 285-288, 290;
his place in history, 285-292;
essays the role of liberator, 286, 290, 293;
in captivity, 289;
his "Correspondence," 289;
roots out absolutism, 292;
his artificial aristocracy, 294.
_Analysis of character_.
Ability to mold men, ii. 4, 5, 9, 33-36, 56, 97, 98, 102-105,
126, 132, 142, 149-153, 159, 164, 194, 196, 234, 361; iv. 39,
258, 259;
as an adventurer, iv. 291;
ambition, i. 55; 65, 71, 113, 117, 136, 161, 191, 199, 203, 206,
209, 258, 263, 310, 311, 341, 346, 362, 405; ii. 14, 29-32, 48,
73, 157, 314, 437; iii. 19, 21, 46, 83, 109, 110 114, 164, 245,
306, 308, 329; iv. 255, 261-265, 292;
amusements, iv. 228, 230;
anxiety for his safety and comfort, iv. 134;
asceticism, i. 111;
autocracy, ii. 275;
bravado, iii. 18;
use of bribery, acceptance and rejection of bribes, i. 203; ii. 34;
as a burgher, ii. 279; iv. 248;
calmness under stress, ii. 334; iv. 165;
use of cant, iv. 45;
capacity for work, energy, industry, and attention to detail,
i. 210, 225, 245, 261, 263, 367; ii. 10, 29, 153, 197, 215, 222,
426; iii. 19, 24-26, 29, 53, 74, 77, 92, 171, 182-184, 209, 210,
216, 268, 269, 325, 333, 336-338; iv. 23, 54, 248-252, 265, 286;
casuistry, i. 144;
caustic, sarcastic or vigorous tongue or pen, i. 66, 118, 205;
ii. 56, 58, 107, 108, 113, 159, 268, 391; iii. 34, 35, 61, 62,
65, 81, 213-215, 275, 327, 332, 343;
caution, i. 211, 253; ii. 122, 315, 384;
(lack of), ii. 315; iii. 3;
change in temperament, iii. 232;
character at Brienne, i. 58;
cheerfulness and good humor, ii. 197, 279; iii. 19, 52;
clemency, ii. 439;
coffee-drinking habit, iv. 24;
contempt for ideals, ii. 199; iii. 26; 88, 148, 315, 316;
contempt for men and money, iv. 264;
cosmopolitanism, 92;
courage, i. 265-390, 393, 405; ii. 385; iii. 16, 19, 188, 240;
iv. 62, 77;
charge of cowardice against, ii. 384;
a criminal, iv. 250;
cruelty, ii. 70, 417, 439;
decay of physical and intellectual powers, neglect of details,
vacillation, etc., iii. 27, 93, 181; 209, 239-241, 246, 332,
347, 355; iv. 21, 31, 91, 197, 205, 214-218; 249, 285-291, 293;
desire for peace, ii. 142, 420; iii. 238, 382, 407, 414, 418, 424;
iv. 52, 160;
desperation, iii. 91;
despondency and pessimism, i. 80, 89, 98, 215; iii. 357; iv. 129;
despotism, iii. 80, 83, 86, 88, 121, 316; iv. 261;
the man of destiny and of the hour, the representative man of his
epoch, a fatalist and opportunist, i. 1, 80, 143, 166, 171,
219, 237, 272-286, 321; ii. 97-110, 139, 381; iii. 61, 325;
iv. 119, 168, 219, 256, 265, 289;
determination to rule or ruin, iii. 399;
his "divine character," ii. 407;
domestic virtues--filial, parental, and connubial affection,
i. 58, 64, 81, 141, 145, 161, 264, 285, 291, 309, 452-455;
iii. 181, 224, 246, 252, 269, 276, 302, 306, 323, 327, 381,
392, 416; iv. 134-138, 169;
love of dramatic effect; ability as an actor, i. 210, 341;
ii. 31; iii. 112; iv. 153, 166, 249;
dread of assassination and kidnapping, ii. 101; iii. 240, 368;
iv. 139, 150;
dreams of universal and European empire, i. 323; ii. 269, 272,
331, 336, 395; iii. 46, 73, 111, 328, 408, 432, 433; iv. 42,
159;
dreams of Oriental conquest and empire, i. 78, 114, 293, 296,
317, 424; ii. 15-19, 47, 51-56, 61, 66, 73, 289, 440; iii. 20,
21, 33, 36, 51, 65, 106, 110-113, 117, 129, 159, 163, 166, 167,
309, 332, 352; iv. 256;
dress, i. 376; ii. 30, 438; iii. 40, 63, 93. 257;
duplicity, shiftiness, and versatility, i. 210, 234, 253, 265,
296, 299, 309, 396, 397, 447;
dynastic ambitions and longings for an heir, ii. 233, 244-249,
256, 308, 317, 322, 328, 341; iii. 82, 104, 112, 147, 160, 246,
249, 252, 255, 260, 301, 307, 381, 416; iv. 159, 287;
early education and later studies, i. 39-67, 71-82, 93, 114,
140-144, 151, 176, 182, 210, 265;
early military irregularities and inaptitude, i. 94, 96, 115, 157,
160-174, 210;
organizes educational system, ii. 409; iii. 26, 90;
egoism, vanity, and self-assertiveness, ii. 80, 113, 118, 344, 437;
iii. 26, 73, 93, 191, 202, 245, 304, 316;
elasticity of spirits, iv. 117;
elements of his failure, iii. 401, 402;
endurance of privation, iii. 7, 18, 188, 209, 365;
equestrianism, sporting instincts, etc., iii. 52, 257;
exaggeration and disregard of truth, i. 233, 306;
as a financier, ii. 134, 219, 410; iii. 25, 78, 295-300, 315, 389;
iv. 249, 251, 259, 295;
foresight and insight, ii. 44, 314, 437; iii. 318, 424;
generosity, hospitality, and charity, i. 134, 417; ii. 30, 82;
iii. 171, 176, 295, 297, 300, 301, 330;
his all-embracing genius, ii. 203, 365;
habit of reducing thoughts to writing, iv. 23;
hallucinations and self-delusions, iii. 307, 332; iv. 91, 95, 104, 234;
hatred and vindictiveness, i. 287; ii. 29;
as a historian, iv. 152, 231, 288;
humanity, iv. 39;
his human supremacy, iv. 249;
an iconoclast, ii. 28;
imperious character, iv. 287;
inconsistency, iii. 165, 231, 238, 267; iv. 250-253;
inelegance of manner, lack of breeding and delicacy, ii. 197-202,
255, 279, 411; iii. 42, 80, 179;
influenced by personal friendships, iv. 25;
intellectual powers, iii. 43;
intolerance of criticism, 88;
invincibility, ii. 78; iii. 392;
knowledge of human nature, ii. 227, 245;
qualities of leadership, i. 55, 59, 60, 113, 119, 129, 132, 134,
186, 211, 221, 242, 310, 339-341;
liberalism, ii. 443;
literary tastes, studies, style, and work, i. 53, 54, 60, 63, 71,
76-98, 114, 118, 123, 126-131, 135-147, 150, 163, 176, 199, 206,
211, 216-219, 225, 265, 289, 307, 364-368, 400; ii. 15, 54, 408;
iii. 25, 26, 173-176, 300, 325; iv. 69, 134, 159, 228, 231, 289;
magnanimity (assumed), ii. 445;
magnificence, lavishness, and love of display, iii. 50, 91, 256,
295, 301, 330-332, 352;
a man of the people, 288 et seq.;
views on marriage, 300;
mathematical ability, i. 56, 66, 265;
military blunders, iii. 4, 336, 341, 354-356, 374; iv. 186;
military education, and early service in the army, i. 59, 60, 68,
73-82, 87, 94, 95, 126, 141, 144, 148, 157, 159-165, 180, 227,
232, 236-240, 245, 256, 265, 287, 292-297;
military genius and strategy, i. 53, 217, 226, 239, 247, 264, 295,
301, 304, 342, 345-351, 354-362, 368-373, 378-385, 387, 395, 412,
416-418; ii. 32, 163, 169, 172, 182-185, 363-366, 369, 380, 402,
419, 423-428, 435, 436; iii. 1, 2, 6, 13, 18, 29-35, 156, 184,
192, 204-207, 210, 217, 219, 222, 229, 235, 333-335, 341-343,
346, 353, 356, 363, 368, 382, 401, 402, 413; iv. 4, 8, 16, 19-22,
29, 38, 54, 58, 59, 62, 65, 81, 92, 97, 146, 149, 154, 160,
170-174, 180, 184, 197, 212, 231, 253, 256, 267, 287, 288, 289,
299;
denies moral responsibility, ii. 408;
nerve, iii. 365;
nervousness, 403;
over-credulousness, iv. 7;
patriotism, i. 155, 164, 165, 199, 201, 399; ii. 158, 159;
persistence, i. 210, 211; ii. 62, 65, 72;
personal appearance, i. 46, 56, 113; ii. 29, 30, 406; iii. 43, 92;
iv. 197, 230;
physical condition and vigor, i. 215; iii. 19, 43, 209, 302;
iv. 149, 168, 169, 250-253;
physical peculiarities, conditions, ailments, etc., i. 80, 85,
126; iv. 12, 15, 25, 168, 177, 179, 197, 200, 211-217, 222,
231-235;
plain-spokenness, iii. 418;
his political acumen, ii. 136;
poverty, i. 52, 65, 66, 89, 111, 157, 174, 262, 279, 284, 288;
powers of analysis and calculation, i. 55, 56;
secret of his preeminence, iv. 249, 291;
ready wit, iii. 94;
recklessness, i. 236;
as a reformer, iii. 189;
reliance on public opinion, iv. 157;
attitude toward religion and relations with the church, i. 76,
146, 209, 264, 422; ii. 41, 131, 173, 205, 206, 215, 224, 227,
258, 264, 265, 325, 340, 396, 398, 407; iii. 26, 68, 85, 88,
89, 118, 154, 174, 175, 190, 215, 242, 249, 258, 259, 263, 305,
315, 377, 390; iv. 165, 230-235, 251, 259, 296;
resolution, iii. 28, 209;
restlessness, i. 156, 223, 227, 284;
review of his character, iv. 264;
sanguine temperament, iii. 21;
self-assertion, self-confidence, self-interest, and selfishness,
i. 59, 60, 66, 84, 113, 263, 309, 340, 363-366, 395; iii. 1,
33, 82, 109, 208, 231, 304, 309, 328; iv. 140, 250, 287;
a self-made man, iv. 250;
self-restraint, i. 376, 395;
sensuality, i. 113, 452; ii. 66; iii. 10, 27, 108, 246, 257, 327,
352; iv. 142, 250;
sensitiveness, ii. 197;
slow development, iv. 288;
social life, manners, and reforms, his court, public receptions,
etc., i. 69, 137, 151, 262, 265, 284, 290, 291, 295, 309-312,
448; ii. 131 197, 200, 224, 255, 279, 406, 411; iii. 43, 58-61,
64, 80-89, 91-94, 169, 174, 179, 224, 301, 390; iv. 352;
as soldier, statesman, and despot, iv. 247 et seq.;
speculative mania, 172, 173, 185;
statecraft and diplomacy, i. 265, 363, 431; ii. 20, 37, 125-131,
137, 146, 149, 242-249, 261, 264-269, 271, 279, 314-324,
329-332, 336, 346, 353, 354, 400-412, 426, 427; iii. 33, 64,
95, 128, 190, 310, 315, 322, 328, 343, 401, 408, 423;
his strong will, ii. 224, 356, 357;
views concerning suicide, and his attempts thereat, i. 80;
ii. 75; iv. 130, 131, 218, 232, 287;
superstition, ii. 76;
temper, ii. 281; iii. 418;
the terror of his name, 359; iv. 80, 84, 88, 93;
theocratic assumptions, ii. 407;
thirst for conquest and warlike zeal, ii. 331, 351, 380, 381, 437;
iii. 326, 337; iv. 264, 287;
thirst for power, 264;
unscrupulousness, i. 87, 88, 126, 144, 160, 166, 201, 211, 237,
265, 295, 300 308; ii. 67, 144, 251, 314, 377, 439; iii. 82,
115, 316, 331; iv. 264;
attitude toward and relations with women, i. 256, 265, 290, 291,
311, 312, 448; ii. 197, 438; iii. 26, 57-61, 298, 327; iv. 143,
252.

=Napoleon II=, king of Rome, _N.'s_ affection for, iii. 323, 381;
Malet's conspiracy, 361;
insignificance of, 377;
possibility of a regency for, 422.

=Napoleone, Stephanie=, marries Prince Charles of Baden, ii. 399;
_N.'s_ liaison with, 399.

=Napoleon's Mount=, ii. 383, 386.

=Narbonne, Comte de=, mission from Dresden to Russia, iii. 331.

=Narew, River=, military movements on the, iii. 2, 13, 19.

=Nassau=, member of the Confederation of the Rhine, ii. 403.

=Nassau, Prince= of, anecdote of, iii. 422.

=National Assembly, the=, Corsican affairs in, i. 117-122;
persuades Paoli to return to Corsica, 125;
condemns Buttafuoco, 135;
refuses to create Corsican National Guard, 140;
debates on the military power, 142;
difficulties of its work, 151-154, 158, 159;
self-effacement of, 153;
ecclesiastical legislation by, 168;
the King takes refuge in, 175;
dismisses the King's body-guard, 174;
abolishes the kingship, 175;
Lafayette endeavors to calm, 174, 176;
disperses, 188.

=National Convention, the=, election of a, i. 188;
meeting of, Sept. 21, 1792, 188;
the King summoned before, 194;
enforces its decrees in Corsica, 198;
Paoli summoned to appear before, 198, 204;
appeal to, by _N._, in Paoli's behalf, 199;
denounces Paoli, 201;
sends new commissioners to Corsica, 204;
promises indemnity to Corsican sufferers, 208;
supremacy of, 208;
Corsica's successful revolt against, 216;
popular support of, 219;
effect of the "Treason of Toulon" on, 222;
receives news of capture of Toulon, 233;
vengeance on Toulon, 233;
overthrow of the Girondists, 234;
_N._ and Gen. Lapoype summoned before, 240;
terrorists in, 250;
turns on Robespierre, 251;
downfall, 251, 266;
Jacobins in, 266;
question of reelection of members, 271, 282, 298;
rebellion and riots against, 272, 283, 299;
proclaims amnesty, 277;
royalist intrigues in, 278;
popular hatred of, 282;
prepares for conflict, 282, 299;
adopts _N.'s_ plan for Italian campaign, 293;
distrusts _N._, 299;
triumph on the 13th Vendemiaire, 304-309;
its plans thwarted by violence, 306;
_N.'s_ peculiar relations to, 341;
financial maladministration, ii. 219;
plans for invading England, 290;
scheme of revolutionary extension, iii. 328;

=National Guard, the=, organization and reorganization of, i. 109,
143, 159, 272, 304, 308;
calling in officers of, 164;
_N._ adjutant-major in, 164;
feeling against the Convention among, 283, 299;
defense of the Tuileries, 299;
oppose the Convention forces, 301-305;
the 13th Vendemiaire, 301-305;
_N._ appointed commander of, ii. 104;
drafts for the imperial army from, iii. 387;
in defense of Paris, iv. 99, 105;
decay of imperialism among, 105;
fails to persuade the Empress to stay, 109;
_N._ hopes to raise, 116;
refuses to obey the provisional government, 126;
proclamation to, March 8, 1815, 146;
reviewed by _N._, 166;
surly spirit among, 165.

=National Guard of Corsica=, _N.'s_ schemes to form, i. 122;
_N._ appointed adjutant-major in, 164.

=National Library=, lecture system of the, i. 281.

=National List, the=, ii. 126.

=Naudin=, letter of _N._ to, July 27, 1791, i. 156.

=Naumburg=, Prussian headquarters at, ii. 422, 424;
Davout and Bernadette at, 429;
Bluecher pursues Macdonald to, iv. 15.

=Navarre=, question of the sovereignty of, i. 120;
incorporated with France, 120;
French invasion of, iii, 132;
the chateau of, granted to Ferdinand VII, 147;
_N.'s_ contemplated movements in, 184;
military government of, 278.

=Navy=, _N.'s_ aptitude for the, i. 57;
suicide among officers of the French, ii. 3;
preparations at Toulon, 40.

=Nazareth=, skirmish at, ii. 71.

=Necker, Jacques=, schemes of, i. 44;
_N.'s_ study of, 78;
minister of finance, 98;
problems of taxation, 98, 105;
flight from France, 98;
banishment, 108;
fall, 154;
Mme. de Stael's inheritance from, iii. 299.

=Negroes=, arguments in favor of enslaving, ii. 236.

=Neidenburg=, military operations near, iii. 4, 8.

=Neipperg, Count A. A.=, relations with Maria Louisa, iii. 330;
iv. 143, 162.

=Neisse=, siege of, iii. 20.

=Nelson, Adm. Horatio=, captures Bastia, i. 260; ii. 62;
expected cooeperation with Austria at Savona, i. 353;
sails from Cadiz in chase of the Egyptian expedition, ii. 57;
returns to Sicily, 61;
seeks the French fleet in Greece, 61;
follows to Egypt, 61;
loses an eye at Cadiz, 62;
battle of Cape St. Vincent, 62;
battle of the Nile, 62, 63, 81;
battle of Copenhagen, ii. 209;
sanctions the execution of Caraccioli, 300;
correspondence with Dumouriez, 303;
aided by Portugal, 332;
plan to allure him to Egypt, 331;
Villeneuve avoids, 334;
enticed to the West Indies, 358;
joins Cornwallis before Brest, 359;
sails for Portsmouth, 359;
pursues Villeneuve to Gibraltar, 358;
chases Villeneuve to the West Indies and back, 370;
arrives off Cadiz, 371;
his ambition, 372;
battle of Trafalgar, 373-376;
his death, 374.

=Nemours=, Cossacks advance to, iv. 72.

=Nesselrode, Count=, appearance in Russian diplomacy, iii. 409;
refuses to treat with France, 410;
conference with Francis, 415;
demands Austria's adherence to the coalition, 415;
agrees to basis of Austrian mediation, 415;
letter from Talleyrand to, iv. 107;
approves the restoration of the Bourbons, 114;
negotiates with Talleyrand, 113.

=Netherlands=, French defeats in, i. 172;
Hoche's campaign in, 427;
England's interest in, 450; iv. 67;
the enlightenment of, ii. 37;
course of affairs (1797-98), 37, 38;
French agents in the, 39;
English expedition to destroy the dockyards of, iii. 237;
French influence in, iv. 41;
Bernadotte assigned to watch, 55;
English troops in the, 57;
the allies' invasion of France via, 59, 97;
campaign of the Hundred Days, 169 et seq.;
weakness of the troops of, 195, 202.
_See also_ =Austrian Netherlands=; =Belgium=; =Dutch Flanders=;
=Holland=.

=Neuburg=, Marmont at, ii. 365.

=Neufchateau=, member of the Directory, ii. 8, 35;
mission to Congress of Rastatt, 52.

=Neufchatel=, ceded to France, ii. 390;
Berthier created Prince of, iii. 86.
_See also_ =Berthier=.

=Neumarkt=, Jourdan's defeat near, i. 385;
Massena's movements at, 436;
flight of Hiller to, iii. 208;
_N._ at, 413.

=Neu-Reppin=, military movements near, ii. 434.

=Neutrality=, the principle of the agreement of 1780, ii. 212.

=Neuwied=, Hoche crosses the Rhine at, i. 440.

=New Castile=, Duke del Infantado commissioned governor of, iii. 127.

=New England=, commercial greed, iii. 102.

=Newfoundland=, proposed French expedition to, ii. 333.

=New Galicia=, annexed to the grand duchy of Warsaw, iii. 239.

=New Orleans=, battle of, iv. 169.

=New York=, proposal that _N._ sail to, iv. 221.