Chapter XXII: Napoleon's Place in History (6)

=Charles IV= (of Spain), attachment to Godoy, ii. 204;
king of Spain, 289;
subserviency to France, and relations with _N._, iii. 71, 126-128, 141;
conspires against his son's succession, 71;
unites with _N._ in coercing Portugal, 119;
scheme to acquire Portugal, 120;
character, 124;
announces his son's conspiracy, 127;
blames the French minister at Madrid, 127;
correspondence with _N._, 128, 131, 133;
pardons Ferdinand, 127;
proposes to cut off Ferdinand's succession, 127;
_N._ reveals his policy to, 133;
panic-stricken at the French invasion, 133;
deposes Godoy, 135;
last days of his kingdom, 135;
abdicates, 136;
repudiates his abdication, 138, 145;
seeks Murat's protection, 138;
virtual prisoner in the Escorial, 142;
deposed, 144-148;
summoned to Bayonne, 145;
refuses Ferdinand's offer to surrender the crown, 145;
pensioned, 147;
restrains Gen. Solano's movements, 149;
at Compiegne, 148;
goes to Marseilles, 149;
weakness of, 150;
goes to Italy, 149.

=Charles V=, magnificence of his empire, iii. 131.

=Charles X.=
_See_ =Artois, Count of=.

=Charles XII of Sweden=, military despotism of, ii. 118.

=Charles XIII=, king of Sweden, ii. 416;
succeeds Gustavus IV, iii. 280;
makes Bernadette his successor, 280;
under _N.'s_ protection, 280;
feebleness of his rule, 317.

=Charters=, destruction of feudal, i. 109, 110.

=Chartres=, flight of the Empress and Joseph through, iv. 111.

=Chartres, Duc de= (Louis Philippe), scheme to place him on the
French throne, iv. 148.

=Chateaubriand, F. A.=, friendship with Mme. Bacciocchi, ii. 258;
literary works, 259;
envoy to Valais, 260;
a disciple of Rousseau, 259;
envoy to Rome, 260;
supposed sponsor for the Concordat, 260;
influence, 260;
his name omitted from the honor list of 1810, iii. 300;
on the new constitution, iv. 160.

=Chateau-Thierry=, French occupation of, iv. 63;
Bluecher's retreat through, and sack of, 63, 64;
Macdonald's failure at, 72;
military movements near, 94.

=Chatelet=, military operations near, iv. 174, 177, 179.

=Chatham, Earl of=, compared with Carnot, i. 331;
policy toward France, ii. 208.

=Chatillon, Congress of=, iv. 68-75, 79, 87, 88;
Caulaincourt's carte blanche at, 69, 70, 88;
rumored preliminaries of peace at, 73;
sends ultimatum to _N._, 74, 76;
closes, 76;
capture of some of the diplomats of, 95.

=Chaumont=, surrenders to one Wuertemberg horseman, iv. 51;
treaty of, 76, 164;
military operations near, 90.

=Chemnitz=, the Saxon army at, ii. 424;
contemplated movements at, iv. 23.

=Chenier, Andre=, ii. 350.

=Chenier, M. J.=, driven from the tribunate, ii. 243;
"Cyrus," 350;
suppresses his writings, iii. 88;
rewards for his literary work, 297;
opposes the empire, 300;
made inspector-general of the university, 301.

=Cheops, Pyramid of=, _N._, in the, ii. 66.

=Cherasco=, capture of, i. 354, 355.

=Chevreuse, Mme. de=, pert remark to _N._, and banishment, iii. 94.

=Chimay, Princess de=, i. 315.
_See also_ =Tallien, Mme.=

=China=, _N.'s_ attention turned toward, i. 78.

=Chiusa Veneta=, capture of fort at, i, 433.

=Choiseul, C. A. G.=, refuses protectorate to Corsica, i. 16;
his policy toward Corsica, 20-22;
disgrace of, 43;
_N.'s_ hatred for, 50;
scheme of Egyptian conquest, ii. 46.

=Chouans, the=, rebellion of, i. 277, 325, 449;
legislation against, ii. 94;
the Cadoudal conspiracy, 297 et seq.

=Christian VII=, imbecility of, iii. 70.

=Christianity=, _N.'s_ confusion of ideas concerning, i. 76, 77.

=Church, the=, _N.'s_ attitude toward, and relations with, i. 76,
77, 146, 147, 264; ii. 159, 173, 205, 206, 215, 246, 258, 265,
398, 407; iii. 68, 69, 85, 89, 118, 119, 154, 190, 215, 242,
243, 249, 258, 259, 262-264, 305, 306, 315, 377, 390;
demands for reform of, in Corsica, i. 116, 117;
enforced contributions by, at Ajaccio, 127;
attitude of the French governments toward, and relations with
the nation, 244; ii. 91, 131, 216, 258, 325 et seq.;
_N.'s_ study of the Gallican, i. 150;
reorganization of its property, 152;
changes in, 162;
sequestration of lands of, 161, 268, 269;
Louis XVI's support of, 268;
_N.'s_ speculation in sequestered lands of, 288;
plotting in, 297;
question of allegiance of the clergy, 401;
relation to education, ii. 226-228;
influence in Austria and Germany, 264;
reconstruction in France, 318;
scheme for unity of, in Germany, 402;
archbishops created counts, iii. 87;
degradation in Spain, 123;
pillaged in Spain, 158;
repressed in the Tyrol, 201;
the bishops' court pronounces _N.'s_ first marriage null, 253;
attitude toward _N.'s_ second marriage, 258, 259;
the College of Cardinals transplanted from Rome to Paris, 258, 264.

=Cicero=, statue at the Tuileries, ii. 147.

=Cintra=, Junot surrenders at, iii. 157, 159, 186.

=Cisalpine Republic, the=, formation of, ii. 10, 21;
pillage of, 38;
treaty with France, March, 1798, 38;
the Valtellina incorporated with, 40;
recognized by Prussia, 43;
dissolution of, 83;
picks a quarrel with Sardinia, 87;
reestablishment of, 173, 186, 231;
tribute levied on, 186;
question of a president for, 230;
English efforts to discredit France in, 264.

=Cispadane Republic, the=, i. 401, 402;
question of a constitution for, ii. 10.

=Citadella=, battle of, i. 388.

"=Citizen=," use of the term in France, ii. 194.

=Citizenship=, liberty, equality, and fraternity in, i. 110;
the primary duty of, 306.

=Ciudad Rodrigo=, Spanish defense of, iii. 284;
storming of, 290, 319.

=Civil Code=, introduced into Warsaw, iii. 67.
_See also_ =Code=.

=Civil liberty=, developed in inverse ratio to political liberty,
ii. 223.

"=Civism=," i. 170, 180, 315.

=Clacy=, captured by _N._, iv. 79.

=Clanship=, i. 10.

=Clarke, Gen.=, letter from _N._, Nov. 19, 1796, i. 399, 400;
at Montebello, 452;
meeting with _N._, 451;
mission to Vienna, 451;
French agent in treaty of Campo Formio, ii. 20;
recalled to Paris, 20, 23;
forbidden to enter Vienna, 42;
guardian to King Louis's widow, 233;
drives British ships from Tuscan harbors, 287;
created Duke of Feltre, iii. 86;
ordered to fortify the Spanish frontier, 126;
minister of war, iv. 106;
member of the Empress-Regent's council, 106, 108;
advises the flight of the Empress, 108;
prepares for defense of Paris, 109;
_N.'s_ rage at, 115.

=Clary, Eugenie Bernardine Desiree=, proposal to wed _N._ to,
i. 295, 312;
affianced to Duphot, ii. 39, 43;
marries Bernadotte, 43.

=Clergy, the=, position at outbreak of the revolution, i. 100, 101, 107;
attitude in Corsica, 115, 116;
_N.'s_ attitude toward, and relations with, 124, 146, 147, 422,
423; ii. 11;
revolution among the clergy of Dauphiny, i. 143, 152;
constitutional reforms for, 153;
upheaval among, 162;
attitude of the Directory toward, ii. 2, 36;
transported to Cayenne, 8;
Talleyrand a leader among, 33;
released from the Jacobin ban, 131;
abolition of celibacy of, 206;
conformists and nonconformists to the civil constitution, 205, 215;
a "consecrated constabulary," 217;
restoration to the ecclesiastical fold, 346;
encourage rebellion in Spain, iii. 154.
_See also_ =Church=; =Papacy=; =Pius VII=; =Rome=.

=Cleves=, Prussia's price for, ii. 266;
ceded to France, 390.

=Cleves and Berg=, the Grand Duchy of, ii. 404;
French garrison in, 404.

=Clichy Club, the=, ii. 3, 5, 7, 23.

=Coalition of 1813=, centrifugal forces in, iv. 55-58.

=Cobenzl, Count L.=, Austrian plenipotentiary at Campo Formio, ii. 20;
at Congress of Rastatt, 28;
negotiates with France after Marengo, 189;
on universal conquest, iii. 43.

=Coblentz=, headquarters of French royalists, ii. 121.

=Coburg=, military operations near, ii. 428.

=Cockburn, Adm. Sir George=, conveys _N._ to St. Helena, iv. 227, 230.

=Code Civil=, its contravention by Jewish legislation, iii. 76.

=Code Napoleon, the=, ii. 221-225; iv. 296;
introduced into Parma and Piacenza, ii. 354;
abolition of the law of entail and primogeniture, iii. 85;
_N.'s_ excuse for overruling, 85;
introduced into Holland, 277;
in Italy, iv. 40.

=Code of Commerce=, the, ii. 224; iii. 74.

=Code of Criminal Procedure, the=, iii. 224.

=Coignet, Private=, _N.'s_ friendly familiarity with, ii. 196.

=Coignet=, writes of the entry into Berlin, ii. 438;
on the march to Russia, iii. 326;
reports demoralization after Dresden, iv. 12.

=Coigny, Mlle. de=, married to Savary, ii. 412.

=Coimbra=, military movements near, iii. 285.

=Colborne, Sir J.=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 209.

=Col di Tenda=, the French line at, ii. 160.

=College of Cardinals=, increased French representation in the, iii. 118.

=College of France, the=, ii. 226.

=Colli, Gen.=, commanding Piedmontese troops, i. 353, 354;
reinforcements for, defeated, 354.

=Collingwood, Adm. Cuthbert=, his knowledge of the enemy's
movements, ii. 370;
blockades Cadiz, 371;
at Trafalgar, 373.

=Cologne=, Macdonald entrusted with defense of, iv. 54.

=Colombier, Caroline du=, _N.'s_ first love, i. 77, 149.

=Colombier, Mme. du=, i. 75, 149.

=Colonization=, Talleyrand's views on, ii. 33.

=Colonna=, represents Corsica in the National Assembly, i. 117, 118;
member of the Directory of Corsica, 133.

=Colonna-Cesari=, leads Corsican expedition against Sardinia,
i. 192, 193.

=Column of Vendome=, erection of the, iii. 74.

=Comedie Francaise=, members accompany _N._ to Erfurt, iii. 174.

=Commerce=, condition of, at outbreak of the Revolution, i. 102;
influence on the social life of the world, ii. 46;
encouragement of, 220;
revived by the peace of Amiens, 236;
improved condition of, 259;
the scope of British, 270.

=Committee of Public Safety=, usurps supreme power, i. 207;
aided by Carnot, 223;
Corsicans denounced in, 252;
keeps _N._ under surveillance, 255, 256;
plans expedition against Rome, 261;
abolished, 279, 289;
the new, 291, 292, 297;
appoints _N._ on military commission, 292;
proposes to transfer _N._ to Constantinople, 297;
considers policy of excluding English goods from the Continent,
ii. 441;
difficulties with Mme. de Stael, iii. 297.

=Communal list, the=, ii. 126.

=Compiegne=, Spanish royal exiles at, iii. 148;
meeting of the Emperor with his Austrian bride at, 257, 258, 261, 268;
Bluecher besieges, iv. 84.

=Compignano, Countess of=.
_See_ =Buonaparte, Marie-Anne-Elisa=.

=Compulsory loans=, ii. 134.

=Compulsory military service=, i. 213.

=Concordat, the=, ii. 207, 215, 301, 326 et seq., 402; iv. 259, 294, 296;
service in honor of, ii. 215;
its effect in France, 216;
"the vaccine of religion," 216;
contempt of the Army of the Rhine for, 235;
the supposed sponsor for, 260;
effect in Germany, 264;
extension to Venice refused by Pius VII, iii. 68;
Venetia admitted to, 118;
undoing the work of, 119;
rupture of, 306.

=Concordat of Fontainebleau=, the, iii. 391, 392.

=Conde=, evacuation of, i. 222.

=Conde, the Great=, ii. 301.

=Conde, Prince of=, ii. 308.

=Condorcet, J. A. N. de C.=, believer in equality of the sexes, ii. 226.

=Conegliano=, creation of hereditary duchy of, ii. 396;
Moncey created Duke of, iii. 86.
_See also_ =Moncey=.

=Confederation of the Rhine, the=, organization of, ii. 401-406, 417;
Hesse-Cassel refused admission to, 442;
levies of troops for France in, iii. 21, 196, 203, 322, 387, 394;
recognized at Tilsit, 54;
Saxony united with, 56;
relations with France, 73, 74, 279, 382;
additions to, 239;
called to arms by Prussia, 398;
proposed abandonment of French protectorate over, 407;
proposed dissolution of, 415;
proposed dynastic independence for sovereigns of, 422;
purpose of the allies to free, iv. 21;
resolved into its elements, 40;
forced by allies to raise military contingents, 54.

=Confiscation=, opposition to the reintroduction of, ii. 242;
principle of punishment by, iii. 295, 296.

=Coni=, surrendered to France, i. 355.

=Connewitz=, military operations near, iv. 27, 28.

=Consalvi, Cardinal=, negotiates the Concordat, ii. 207;
memorialist of Pius VII, 347;
dismissed from the papal service, 397.

=Conscription, the=, i. 275, 379; ii. 87, 93, 248, 306, 362, 409,
422; iii. 3, 21, 24, 25, 76, 77, 126, 132, 198, 291, 323, 326,
386, 387, 390, 414; iv. 21, 47-51, 99, 165;
development of Carnot's scheme, ii. 93;
_N.'s_ influence on the laws of, 248;
how enforced, 306;
Jewish evasions of the, iii. 76;
Jews made subject to, 77.

=Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers=, founded, i. 281.

=Conservatory of Music=, reorganization of, i. 281.

=Constable=, creation of the office of, ii. 322.

=Constabulary=, abolition of the, i. 142.

=Constance, city of=, ceded to Baden, ii. 391.

=Constance, Lake=, the Austrian camp on, ii. 365.

=Constant=, _N.'s_ valet, iv. 134.

=Constant de Rebecque, Henri-Benjamin=, dreads a new Terror, ii. 94;
member of the tribunate, 151, 242;
driven from the tribunate, 243;
president of the council of state, iv. 159;
supports the chambers, 217.

=Constantine, Grand Duke=, in battle of Austerlitz, ii. 386, 387;
Bennigsen writes to, after Friedland, iii. 32;
leader of the peace party, 35;
at Tilsit, 52;
with the Army of the South, iv. 3.

=Constantine the Great=, _N._ likened to, ii. 329.

=Constantinople=, proposal to send _N._ to, i. 296;
_N.'s_ eye on, 423;
proposed mission for Talleyrand to, ii. 66;
Russia to aid in defense of, 73;
_N._ given leave to march on, 72, 73;
fleet sent to relief of Acre from, 73, 74;
Russian ambition to acquire, 356; iii. 28, 64, 108, 113;
a British fleet at, 20;
French influence at, 33, 99;
proposed disposition of, after Tilsit, 55;
revolution in, 162;
England threatens to bombard, 321.

=Constitutional checks=, i. 106.

=Constitution of 1799=, prohibition against First Consul's military
leadership, ii. 162.

=Consular Guard, the=, at Marengo, ii. 179, 180;
strengthening of, 277.

=Consulate=, proposed formation of a, ii. 102;
a disguised monarchy, iv. 287.

=Continental System, the=, ii. 288, 375, 400; iii. 98, 101, 160,
165, 197, 239, 249, 255, 262-281, 283, 287, 294, 303, 304, 310,
316, 323, 328-330, 377, 409, 420, 425; iv. 294;
England's policy against, iii. 100-102.

=Copenhagen=, battle of, ii. 209;
bombardment of, iii. 70, 97-100, 280.

=Coppet=, Mme. de Stael's residence at, ii. 411; iii. 298.

=Corday, Charlotte=, assassination of Marat, i. 234.

=Cordova=, French capture and abandonment of, iii. 156.

=Corfu=, _N._ proposes to seize, i. 447;
France's jealous care of, ii. 32;
Adm. Brueys ordered to, 62;
blockade of, 67;
Russian occupation of, 353, 356, 357, 405;
French occupation of, iii. 99, 109, 111;
English naval watch on, 111;
proposed expedition to Egypt from, 114.

=Corizier=, wounded at Acre, ii. 76.

=Corneille, Pierre=, _N.'s_ study of, iii. 173; iv. 231.

=Cornet=, starts the proceedings of the 18th Brumaire, ii. 103.

=Cornwallis, Lord Charles=, character, ii. 263;
negotiates the treaty of Amiens, 263.

=Cornwallis, Adm. William=, junction of Nelson and, before Brest,
ii. 359.

=Corona=, military operations at, i. 410, 414.

=Correggio, A. A.=, plunder of the works of, i. 369, 374.

=Corsica=, external relations, i. 8-16, 24, 26;
physical features and population, 8-16, 39, 263;
Rousseau's views on, 9, 19;
the Buonaparte family in, 8, 27 et seq.;
feudalism in, 9, 18;
Paoli's share in history of, 15 et seq., 117-125, 127, 130, 132,
196-198, 204-207;
national heroes and patriotism in, 14, 42, 115, 117;
Jews in, 16;
French schemes concerning, expeditions against, and occupations
of, 16-25, 79, 120, 122, 125, 154, 165, 201-208, 261, 342, 403,
421;
_N.'s_ love for, residences in, schemes concerning, and peculiar
relations to, 17-19, 50-53, 58, 81, 82, 87-92, 96, 112, 116,
117, 122-124, 133, 160-170, 183-187, 209-211, 233, 253, 254,
257, 340, 341; ii. 158, 250;
Montesquieu's views on, i. 19;
joins the Bourbon-Hapsburg alliance, 21;
ceded by Genoa to France, 22;
England's interests in, protectorate over, conquest and
abandonment of, 23, 119, 124, 196, 205-208, 256-262, 402, 421;
disaffection, riots, and rebellion in, 25, 42, 83, 111-122, 139,
147, 166-170, 198, 254, 403;
compared with Sardinia, 25;
_N.'s_ history of, 76, 86, 91-98;
introduction of silkworm culture into, 80;
the betrayal of, 98;
the Revolution in, 111-122;
scheme of liberation, 112 et seq.;
plan for elective council in, 114;
rival parties and classes, schemes and intrigues in, 114-122,
162, 163, 166, 169-170, 185, 190, 199-210;
desired reforms for, 116;
representation in the National Assembly, 116-122;
the council of twelve nobles in, 118;
Genoa's claims to, 120, 121, 126;
ecclesiastical and religious troubles, 128, 162, 168;
democracy in, 131;
meeting of the constituent assembly at Orezza, 131-134;
Bastia declared the capital, 134;
the National Guard in, 133, 139, 157-159, 185, 192;
_N._ leaves for Auxonne, 141;
_N._ mobbed in, 147;
customs in, 158;
_N._ leaves, 170;
expedition against Sardinia from, 189-193;
enforcement of the Convention's decrees in, 197;
Salicetti deserts the cause of, 201;
_N._ appointed inspector-general of artillery for, 202;
new commissioners sent to, 204;
the Buonapartes leave, 207;
success of revolt against the Convention, 216;
Convention commission for, 219;
_N.'s_ expedition against, 233, 256-258, 262;
employment of refugees from, 252;
Salicetti blamed for insurrection in, 254;
wretched internal plight, 260;
charges against refugees from, 263;
_N.'s_ last visit to, ii. 82.

=Corsican Feuillants, the=, i. 163.

=Corsican Jacobins, the=, i. 163.

=Corso, Cape=, Paoli's landing at, i. 125.

=Corte=, the town of, i. 15;
removal of seat of government from, 25;
Carlo Buonaparte at, 29-32;
a Paolist center, 116;
Joseph Buonaparte at, 161;
_N._ ordered to, 186, 203;
meeting between Paoli and _N._ at, 190;
_N._ a suspect at, 202.

=Corunna=, the junta of, iii. 158;
Moore's retreat to, and death at, 189;
England's tardiness at, 192.

=Cossacks=, military achievements of, iii. 9, 10, 13, 20;
harass the retreating French army, 362, 364;
relieve Hamburg, 402;
in battle of Leipsic, iv. 29;
in the campaign of 1814, 62;
advance to Nemours and Fontainebleau, 72;
at the battle of Laon, 79;
fears of, in Paris, 108.

=Costa=, letter from _N._ to, i. 186;
letter from Lucien to, 186.

=Council of Ancients=, the, i. 270.

=Council of Juniors=, the, i. 270.

=Council of State, the=, ii. 127, 149-152;
stripped of its supremacy, 247;
approves _N.'s_ action against the Duc d'Enghien, 305;
its functions, iii. 83.

="Count of Essex," the=, i. 86.

="Courier," the London=, publishes Spanish manifesto of _N._, iii. 283.

=Coustou, Abbe=, attends Carlo Buonaparte's death-bed, i. 64.

=Coxe's "Travels in Switzerland,"= _N.'s_ study of, i. 150.

=Cracow=, ceded to the grand duchy of Warsaw, iii. 239;
Schwarzenberg seeks shelter in, 393.

=Crance, Dubois de=, i. 223;
reorganization of the French armies by, 325;
organizes national conscription, 379.

=Craonne=, battle of, iv. 78.

=Crema=, withdrawal of the Austrians from Milan to, ii. 173.

=Croatia=, Austrian recruiting in, i. 386;
part of, ceded to France, iii. 239.

=Cromwell, Oliver=, _N._ disclaims the role of, ii. 112, 117;
the need of a second, in France, 119;
_N._ compared with, 230.

=Cronstadt=, Alexander fears for, iii. 98.

=Crosne=, Sieyes accepts the estate of, ii. 130.

=Crottendorf=, military operations near, iv. 28.

=Crusades, the=, ii. 46.

=Cuneo=, associated with _N._ in Corsica, i. 117.

=Custine, Gen. A. P.=, occupies Frankfort, i. 194;
defeat of, 194.

=Cyprus=, Sir Sidney Smith puts into, ii. 82.

="Cyrus,"= by Chenier, ii. 350.

=Czartoryski, A. G.=, memoirs of, ii. 356;
Russian minister of foreign affairs, 356;
on the Russian policy in 1805, 381;
friendship with Alexander I, ii. 445; iii. 309, 383;
on the hereditary disease of the Romanoffs, iii. 50;
retirement of, 309;
schemes in regard to restoration of Poland, 309, 315, 383;
transfers faith from Alexander to _N._, iii. 315.

=Czernicheff, Count=, aide-de-camp to Alexander I, iii. 329;
_N._ offers terms to, 329.

D

=Dagobert=, _N._ in the iron chair of, ii. 328.

=Dalberg, Archbishop=, scheme to unify the German Church, ii. 402;
Prince-Primate, 402;
at the Erfurt conference, iii. 171;
receives Ratisbon in exchange for Frankfort principality, 266;
his territory erected into a grand duchy for Eugene, 322;
estimate of _N.'s_ influence, 322;
characterization of Talleyrand, iv. 107;
at peace council in Paris, 114;
member of the executive commission, 114, 115;
attainted, 157.

=Dalmatia=, ceded to Austria at Leoben, i. 438;
alterations of boundaries near, ii. 21;
ceded by Austria to Italy, 391;
creation of hereditary duchy of, 395;
assigned by _N._ to Italy, 405;
_N._ offers to exchange, iii. 22;
French dominion recognized at Tilsit, 54;
Soult created duke of, 86 (_see also_ =Soult=);
French strength in, 113;
proposed surrender of, to Austria, iv. 407.

=Dalrymple, Sir H. W.=, retired from active service, iii. 186.

=Damascus=, garrison of El Arish ordered to, ii. 69;
reinforcements for Acre from, 71.

=Danican, Auguste=, royalist leader, i. 298;
the 13th Vendemiaire, 302.

=Danilevsky=, on the allies reaching Paris, iv. 110.

=Danton, G. J.=, becomes head of the Jacobin commune, i. 187;
member of the National Convention, 188;
dictator of France, 194;
overawes the Girondists, 234;
murder of, 250.

=Dantzic=, military movements near, iii. 7, 10, 13;
siege of, 12, 19;
surrender of, 22, 28;
freedom restored to, 56;
independence of, 73;
Lefebvre created Duke of, 86 (_see also_ =Lefebvre=);
Davout ordered to hold, 266;
French military stores in, 333;
Murat's position at, untenable, 385;
measures for the relief of, 393;
held by the French, 402;
Rapp commanding at, 402;
proposed new capital for Prussia, 409;
proposed division of the domain, 409;
proposed cession of, to Prussia, 415, 423.

=Danube River, the=, rebellion against Turkey on, ii. 48;
Kray retreats toward, 166;
proposed Indian expeditions via, 209;
military operations on, 363, 366, 367, 441; iii. 105, 113, 117,
163, 202-204, 206, 210, 212, 213, 216-221, 226, 227, 314;
Mack essays to cross at Guenzburg, ii. 366;
the French march from the Rhine to, 376;
annihilation of Mortier on, 378;
_N.'s_ line of retreat to, 425;
Russian successes on the lower, iii. 20;
_N._ plans redistribution of territories on, 50;
proposed Russian acquisitions on, 55;
topographical features, 217;
the crossing at Lobau, 217, 218, 221, 226, 227;
defeat of Russians by Turks on, 248;
Russia warned not to cross, 314;
Russian successes on, 320;
withdrawal of Russian troops from, 321;
effect of the rising of, at Essling, 383.

=Danubian Principalities=, proposed partition of, iii. 50;
Alexander's ambition to acquire, 105, 108, 116, 117;
_N._ offers to exchange them for Silesia, 106, 108, 112.
_See also_ =Moldavia=; =Wallachia=.

=Dardanelles, the=, Alexander I's scheme for seizing, ii. 356.

=Darmagnac, Gen.=, invades Navarre, iii. 132;
seizes Pamplona, 132.

=Darmstadt=, relations with Russia, ii. 266;
strengthening of, 266;
quota of men, 404.

=Daru, P. A. N.=, advises wintering in Moscow, iii. 352.

=Daunou, P. C. F.=, dreads a new Terror, ii. 94;
ideas of government, 127;
named as consul, 130;
member of the tribunate, 151;
influence on the Consulate, 195;
driven from the tribunate, 243;
attempt to admit him to the senate, 243;
upholds Machiavelli's theses concerning the Church of Rome, iii. 262.

=Dauphiny=, the peasantry of, i. 143;
_N._ travels in, 143;
revolutionary feeling among the clergy of, 143, 152;
anti-royalist feeling in, iv. 154.

=David, Abbe=, arrest of, ii. 296.

=David, Jacques L.=, painter, ii. 351.

=Davidowich, Gen. P.=, defeated at Roveredo, i. 384, 385;
strength in the Tyrol, 387;
defeats Vaubois, 387, 388, 392;
retreats to the Tyrol, 392.

=Davout, Gen. L. N.=, service in Egypt, ii. 53, 323;
service in the Army of England, 291;
created marshal, 323;
character, 364; iii. 93;
watches the Russian army, ii. 366;
in battle of Austerlitz, 380, 382, 386, 387;
at Nordhalben, 428;
at Naumburg, 429;
in battle of Jena, 430-434;
captures Wittenberg, 436;
sacks Poland, 440;
at Golynim, iii. 5;
strength in Poland, 7;
in the Eylau campaign, 13, 15-17;
in battle of Heilsberg, 29;
pursues Lestocq from Friedland, 31-33;
created Duke of Auerstaedt, 86;
income, 87;
_N.'s_ opinion of, 93;
recalled from Poland to Silesia, 165;
commanding in Saxony, 198;
Archduke Charles plans to attack, 198;
his command in the fifth Austrian war, 202;
forces in Stettin, Bayreuth, Hanover, and Magdeburg, 202;
to concentrate at Bamberg, 203;
commanding on the Isar, 204;
Archduke Charles marches against, 205;
to concentrate at Ingolstadt, 204-207;
movements before Ratisbon, 205;
on the Laber, 207;
in battle of Eckmuehl, 208;
forces back Archduke Charles, 208;
battles of Aspern and Essling, 220-222;
battle of Wagram, 230, 231;
ordered to hold Baltic positions, 266;
revenue of, 296;
occupies Swedish Pomerania, 321;
letter from _N._, 324;
strength, March, 1812, 324;
reproved for his reports of Prussia, 326;
slowness of action at opening of the Russian campaign, 336;
drives Bagration eastward, 338;
battle of Borodino, 344;
on the retreat from Moscow, 357-359, 363;
battle of Wiazma, 359;
at Krasnoi, 365;
division commander under Eugene, 393;
in campaign of 1813, 402;
occupies Hamburg, 407, 413;
Vandamme goes to his assistance, 413;
to threaten Berlin, iv. 2;
_N.'s_ instructions to, 5;
mediocrity of his troops, 20;
besieged in Hamburg, 55;
invited to join in insurrection, 149;
member of _N.'s_ new cabinet, 159;
advises _N._ after Waterloo, 217;
suggests _N.'s_ use of force, 218.

="Day of the Paris sections, the,"= i. 302-312.

=Debry, J. A. J.=, _N.'s_ friendship with, i. 293; ii. 88, 89;
member of Congress of Rastatt, 88;
wounded at Rastatt, 88, 89;
accusations against, 89.

=De Bussy=, in the La Fere regiment, iv. 78;
gives _N._ worthless information at Craonne, 78.

=Decadi=, decadence of the festival, ii. 258.

=Decres, Adm.=, French minister of marine, ii. 291;
letter from _N._, Sept. 13, 1805, 291;
warns _N._ against his career of conquest, iii. 325;
member of _N.'s_ new cabinet, iv. 159.

=Defermon, J.=, ii. 214.

=Dego=, battle of, i. 352, 353, 355; iv. 65.

=Deichsel River=, Bluecher retreats behind the, iv. 7.

=Delacroix=, French minister of foreign affairs, i. 449;
French agent in the Netherlands, ii. 38.

=Demagogues=, disgust with, in France, ii. 134.

=De Maistre=, _N._ refutes his theory of social order, iii. 89;
on the supineness of Pius VII, 264.

=Democracy=, a pure, i. 131, 397;
Germany's opposition to, 247;
its good and bad qualities, iv. 265.

=Denfort=, royalist intrigues of, iv. 107.

=Denmark=, joins the "armed neutrality," ii. 194; iii. 46, 66;
proposed commercial war against England, 55;
_N._ calls for alliance with, 66;
importance of her sea power, 69;
ordered to declare war against England, 69;
England offers to seize her fleet, 69;
refuses England's offer, 69;
yields to Bernadotte, 70;
losses of Norway, Schleswig, and Holstein, 70;
yields to England, 70;
humiliation of, 70;
vassalage to France, 70, 279;
England seeks to conciliate, 98;
bombardment of Copenhagen, 97-100, 280;
Alexander I demands reparation for, 100;
_N._ urges England's restoration of her fleet, 104;
Spanish troops in, 159;
seizure of American ships by, 275;
hostility to England, 280;
holds Norway, 280;
friendly to France, 281;
despatches troops to Hamburg, 407;
shifts her assistance from Russia to France, 407;
strengthening the alliance between France and, 421.

=Dennewitz=, battle of, iv. 18, 19.

=Denon, D. V.=, accompanies _N._ on his return from Alexandria, ii. 81.

=Departmental list, the=, ii. 126.

=De Pradt=, in charge of Polish affairs, iii. 375;
interview between _N._ and, at Warsaw, 375, 382;
royalist intrigues of, iv. 106, 108.

=Desaix, Louis-Charles-Antoine=, a product of Carnot's system, i. 332;
crosses the Rhine near Strasburg, 440;
defeats the Austrians in the Black Forest, 440;
service in Egypt, ii. 53, 60, 78, 81;
battle of the Pyramids, 60;
ordered to leave Egypt, 81, 177;
reaches Stradella, 177;
battle of Marengo, 176-186;
killed, 181, 187;
contrasted with Ney, iv. 213.

=Desenzano=, military operations near, i. 411.

=Desgenettes, Dr.=, heroism at Jaffa, ii. 75.

=Des Mazis=, _N.'s_ friendship for, i. 62, 65;
appointed to the regiment of La Fere, 66.

=Dessau=, captured by Lannes, ii. 436.

=Dessolles, Gen.=, ii. 164.

"=Destiny=," _N.'s_, i. 79.

=Deutsch-Wagram=, Archduke Charles advances to, iii. 218.
_See also_ =Wagram=.

=D'Hilliers, Gen.=, service in Egypt, ii. 53.

="Dialogue on Love,"= by _N._, i. 77, 145.

=Diderot, Denis=, co-author with Raynal, i. 75.

=Diebitsch, Gen. H. K. F. A.=, encounters a Prussian force, iii. 384;
military adviser to Alexander, iv. 98.

=Dieppe=, landing of the Cadoudal conspirators near, ii. 298.

=Diet, the=, reduction of Austria's power in, ii. 193.

=Digeon, Gen. A. E. M.=, seduced by Marmont, iv. 125.

=Digne=, _N.'s_ march through, on return from Elba, iv. 154.

=Dijon=, _N._ visits, i. 146;
formation of an army of reserve at, ii. 140;
surrenders to the allies, iv. 67;
Francis in, 113, 128.

=Diodorus Siculus=, _N.'s_ study of, i. 78.

=Diplomacy=, the language of, i. 21.

=Dippoldiswalde=, military movements near, iv. 11.

=Directory, the=, establishment of, i. 270, 305, 309, 329-331;
social life under, 280, 281;
Europe and, 324-338;
financial war policy, 340;
assumes to dictate military plans, 348, 354;
plans to belittle _N._, 363, 372;
entrusts _N._ with diplomatic powers, 364;
yields to _N.'s_ plans, 364, 373;
contributions sent to, 366, 367;
plans for campaign in Germany, 384;
attitude toward Italy, 397-405;
_N.'s_ relations with, 363-373, 397-405, 419, 422-427, 439, 441, 451;
ii. 7, 26, 30, 34-37, 42, 49-52, 67, 72, 80, 88-99, 108;
iv. 248, 249;
ratifies the treaty of Leoben, i. 441;
letters from _N._, April 19, 1792, 441;
May 27, 1797, 447;
Pitt's negotiations for peace with, 449;
refuses to treat with England, 450;
antagonism to the, ii. 2;
plot of Louis XVIII and Pichegru against, 5, 6, 7;
Moreau's relations with, 6;
gains complete control on the 18th of Fructidor, 8;
reliance on the army, 8;
effects of the 18th Fructidor on, 22;
attitude toward Italy and Venice, 23;
approves the treaty of Campo Formio, 24, 30;
relations with Talleyrand, 34;
members of, 35;
attitude toward emigrants, 36;
attitude toward clergy, 36, 41;
attitude toward royalists, 36, 205;
attitude toward the German ecclesiastical principalities, 41;
Eastern policy, 47;
Jacobinism in, 49, 94;
fails to secure alliance with Turkey, 67;
misunderstanding between the United Irishmen and, 67;
weakness, 68, 91;
desires the escape of the army in Egypt, 79;
reconstruction of, 83, 91, 92;
blunders in Italy, 87, 89;
corruption in, 91, 92;
Gohier president of, 97;
_N._ pays official visit to, on return from Egypt, 97;
relations with Moreau, 100;
last days and downfall, 103 et seq.; iv. 257, 258, 286;
Carnot's influence on its fall, ii. 130;
suppresses freedom of the press, 145;
incorporates Belgium with France, 153;
attitude toward Prussia, 155;
relations with Sieyes, 155;
liberty of conscience under the, 206;
suspends diplomatic relations with the United States, 212;
pretensions toward the United States, 211;
financial maladministration, 219;
recourse to forced contributions, 219;
plans for invading England, 290;
system of licenses for English goods, iii. 280;
difficulties with Mme. de Stael, 297;
organization of a new, iv. 218.

=Divine right=, kings by, ii. 407;
abolition of, in France, iv. 257.

=Divorce=, _N.'s_ share in codifying the law of, ii. 222;
under the Code, 224;
_N.'s_ advocacy of easy, 237.

=Dnieper River=, military operations on the, iii. 315, 336, 338,
339, 342, 364.

=Dniester River=, Turkish movements on the, ii. 441.

=Doctoroff, Gen.=, in battle of Austerlitz, ii. 388;
in battle of Eylau, iii. 15.

=Dole=, publications of _N.'s_ literary work at, i. 145.

=Dolgoruki, Prince=, mission from Alexander I to _N._, ii. 382.

=Dolgoruki, Princess=, on _N.'s_ receptions, ii. 196.

=Doelitz=, military operations near, iv. 29, 32.

=Domination=, the power of, iv. 248, 249.

=Domo d'Ossola=, Bethencourt near, ii. 172.

=Don, River=, proposed Indian expeditions via, ii. 209;
the Cossacks of the, iii. 13.

=Donaueschingen=, the Austrian headquarters at, ii. 160;
abandoned by Kray, 166.

=Donauwoerth=, military movements near, iii. 203;
_N._ reaches, 205.

=Donzelot, Gen F. X.=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 201, 202, 203,
209, 210.

=Dora Baltea River=, Austrian force on the, ii. 170.

=Dora Ridaria River=, Austrian force on the, ii. 170.

=Dornburg=, military movements near, ii. 432, 434.

=Dorothea, Empress-Dowager of Russia=, disapproves _N.'s_ proposed
marriage to Anne, iii. 248;
hatred of _N._, 248.

=Douay=, _N._ ordered to, i. 79, 80.

=Doulaincourt=, _N._ at, iv. 105.

=Doulevant=, _N._ at, iv. 104.

=Doumerc, Gen. J. P.=, moves from Sezanne against Bluecher, iv. 62.

=Dover=, scheme of naval demonstration off, ii. 332.

=Drac, River=, iv. 155.

=Draft=, use of, in France, ii. 93.

=Drave, River=, military movements on the, i. 435; iii. 217.

=Dresden=, death of Moreau before, ii. 299;
_N._ at, iii. 65, 66, 67, 375, 389, 394, 409, 416, 417, 423;
iv. 7-10, 12, 13, 17-21;
Bernadotte to concentrate in, iii. 203;
Saxon troops in, 203;
_N.'s_ strategy at, 216;
seized by the Duke of Brunswick, 234;
meeting of the allied sovereigns at, 330;
the climax of the Napoleonic drama, 330; iv. 16;
_N.'s_ incognito journey through, iii. 375;
interview between _N._ and Metternich at, 389;
interview between _N._ and Frederick Augustus at, 394;
French forces at, 393;
Eugene to hold, 393-394;
welcomes Alexander and Frederick William III, 399;
discontent at military occupation, 399;
retreat of the allies behind, 406;
destruction and rebuilding of the bridges at, 406, 407;
French occupation of, 408, 409;
defense of, iv. 2, 13, 17, 18;
held by Saint-Cyr, 7;
French advance to Zittau from, 6;
menaced by the allies, 7;
battle of, 8-13, 17-19;
demoralization of the army after, 12;
_N.'s_ mistakes after, 14-16;
_N.'s_ physical ailments at, 12, 16;
_N.'s_ successes at, 20, 21;
Schwarzenberg moves on, 18;
Oudinot at, 21;
Bluecher advances on, 20;
boy soldiers at, 21;
_N.'s_ retreat from, 22-24;
_N.'s_ scheme to hold, 23;
Frederick's love for, 25;
French garrison in, 25-27;
Maret's influence over _N._ at, 69;
_N._ acknowledges his mistake in not making peace at, 135.

=Drissa=, weakness of, iii. 336;
Bagration establishes communication with, 336.

=Drouot, Gen. A.=, in battle of Austerlitz, ii. 387;
battle of Leipsic, iv. 28, 32;
advises a return to Lorraine, 116;
attachment to _N._, 118;
strength after the surrender of Paris, 118;
accompanies _N._ to Elba, 134;
advises against the escape from Elba, 153.

=Dueben=, _N._ at, iv. 25.

=Dubois, Gen.=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 203.

=Duclos's "Memoirs of the Reigns of Louis XIV and Louis XV,"=
_N.'s_ study of, i. 150.

=Duero, River=, military movements on the, iii. 157, 159, 290.

=Dufresne=, ii. 214.

=Dugommier, Gen. J. F.=, appointed commander-in-chief before
Toulon, i. 229;
influence at Toulon, 232.

=Dugua, Gen. C. F. J.=, service in Egypt, ii. 53;
in battle of the Pyramids, 60.

=Duhesme, Gen. P. G.=, invades Spain, iii. 132;
at Barcelona, 132;
occupies Catalonia, 155, 156;
evacuates Catalonia, 157;
besieged in Barcelona, 183;
in battle of Waterloo, iv. 205.

=Dulaure's "History of the Nobility,"= _N.'s_ study of, i. 150.

=Dumanoir, Adm.=, at Trafalgar, ii. 374.

=Dumolard, J. V.=, interpellates the government as to _N.'s_
independence, ii. 3.

=Dumoulin, Jean=, comes to _N.'s_ aid at Laffray, iv. 156.

=Dumouriez, Charles F.=, takes part in the conquest of Corsica, i. 120;
on the northeastern frontier, 184;
wins battle of Jemmapes, 194;
defection of, 198;
correspondence with Nelson, ii. 303;
suspected of royalist plots, 303, 305.

=Duenaburg=, preparations for the siege of, iii. 333;
Ney advances toward, 336.

=Duncan, Adm. Adam=, wins the battle of Camperdown, ii. 38.

=Dunette, Gen.=, marches to relief of Paris, iv. 102.

=Dunkirk=, besieged by Duke of York, i. 222.

=Duphot, Gen. L.=, affianced to Desiree Clary, ii. 39, 43;
killed at Rome, 39.

=Dupont, Gen. Pierre=, in battle of Friedland, iii. 31;
ordered to invade Spain, 128;
invades Spain, 132;
advances on Andalusia, 156;
holds the Tagus, 156;
capitulates at Baylen, 156, 157, 159, 167.

=Durango=, Blake advances from, iii. 184.

=Duroc, Gen. G. C. M.=, wounded at Acre, ii. 76;
_N.'s_ aide-de-camp, 101;
_N.'s_ envoy to Prussia, 156, 282;
Grand Marshal of the Palace, 324;
offers Hanover to Prussia, 362;
personal attendance on _N._, 425;
proposes terms after Tilsit, iii. 36;
blamed for Queen Louisa's failure, 62;
proposes indemnity for Maria Louisa, 67;
created Duke of Friuli, 86;
at Bayonne, 144;
foresees France's discontent, 326;
killed at Reichenbach, 410-411;
_N.'s_ grief for, 411;
_N._ contributes to monument to, iv. 5;
_N._ proposes to take the name of, 221.

=Duerrenstein=, destruction of Mortier's division at, ii. 368, 378.

=Durutte, Gen. J. F.=, sent to Ligny, iv. 181;
battle of Waterloo, 201, 202, 205, 206, 210.

=Duesseldorf=, Jourdan's army at, i. 347;
Jourdan crosses the Rhine at, 385.

=Dutch Flanders=, ceded to France, i. 276.

=Duteil=, _N.'s_ acquaintance with, i. 95;
_N._ seeks aid from, 157;
grants _N._ permission to sail for Corsica, 180.

=Duteil, Gen. J.=, general of artillery before Toulon, i. 229;
on _N.'s_ ability, 232.

=Dutheil, N. F.=, devises plan of campaign for Austria and England,
i. 342.

=Dutot=, takes _N.'s_ place in the West, i. 293.

=Duval's "William the Conqueror,"= ii. 350.

=Duvernet's "History of the Sorbonne,"= _N.'s_ study of, i. 150.

=Dwina, River=, fortifications on the, iii. 315;
military movements on the, 337, 341, 359. 361.

=Dyle, River=, military movements on the, iv. 188, 190.

E

=East, the=, _N.'s_ attention turned toward, i. 78;
_N.'s_ comparison of Europe with, ii. 46;
_N.'s_ dreams of empire in.
_See also_ =Napoleon=.

=East Friesland=, scheme to incorporate it with France, iii. 266.

=East Galicia=, part of, ceded to Warsaw, iii. 239.

=East India Company=, lends the island of St. Helena to the
government, iv. 225.

=East Indies=, England watches French policy concerning, ii. 267.

=East Prussia=, Ney moves on, iii. 8.

=Ebelsberg=, battle of, iii. 211.

=Ebrington, Lord=, _N.'s_ characterization of Cornwallis to, ii. 263;
_N.'s_ declaration to, concerning the Duc d'Enghien, 311.

=Ebro, River=, military movements on, iii. 133, 157, 159, 183;
proposed exchange of territory on, 133;
boundary of French annexed territory, 278.

=Ecclesiastical princes=, _N._ on the status of, ii. 27.

=Ecclesiastical principalities=, secularization of, on the Rhine,
ii. 193.

=Ecclesiasticism=, _N.'s_ confusion of ideas concerning, i. 76.

=Eckmuehl=, the campaign of, iii. 202 et seq.

=Education=, demands for, in Corsica, i. 117;
_N.'s_ interest in, system and reforms of, 176; ii. 225-228, 318,
408; iii. 26, 89-91; iv. 260.

=Egalite, Philip=, member of the National Convention, i. 188.

=Egle, Mme.=, guardian of the Beauharnais children, i. 314.

=Egypt=, _N.'s_ plans of conquest of, i. 424; ii. 17, 33, 46-54,
289; iii. 106;
scandals of Mameluke administration in, ii. 17, 47;
French schemes of conquest, 16, 46-54; iii. 112, 114;
importance of, ii. 46;
rebellion in, 47;
the expeditionary forces, 48-54;
scholastic branch of the expedition, 53;
plunder of, 55-57, 67;
departure of expedition from Toulon, 55;
character of the population, 57;
the Mamelukes, 58;
terrors of the campaign, 59;
the army disheartened, 61;
Nelson follows the French fleet to, 62;
_N.'s_ rule in, 65-67;
_N.'s_ religious masquerading in, 65-67;
establishment of printing-presses in, 66;
insurrection suppressed in, 67;
establishment of an Institute in, 66;
dearth of news from France, 67, 78;
rumors of _N.'s_ death in, 68;
despatches from France, Feb., 1799, 72;
_N._ given leave to remain in, 73;
importance of _N.'s_ conquering, 73;
Turkish preparations for the relief of, 74;
attempted risings in, 76;
Adm. Bruix sent to relieve the army in, 79;
_N._ returns from, 80-85;
the colonial idea, 81;
the turning-point of success in, 81;
Kleber prepares to evacuate, 143;
Desaix recalled from, 177;
desperate situation of the French in, 181;
Kleber's administration in, 181;
assassination of Kleber, 181;
French disasters in, 210;
restored to Turkey, 211;
England to evacuate, 262;
Turkey's suzerainty over, 262;
question of reestablishing French colonies in, 273;
_N._ disclaims designs on, 280;
_N.'s_ irritation at England's occupation of, 280;
Davout's campaign in, 323;
_N.'s_ immoralities in, 328;
plan to allure Nelson to, 331;
the object of the expedition against, 337;
English commerce with, iii. 48;
English expedition to seize, 100;
French expedition against, in 1811, 308;
the tactics of the army in, adopted in Russia, 359;
_N.'s_ desertion of the army in, likened to his conduct at
Smorgoni, 375;
work on, compiled by _N.'s_ order, iv. 219;
history of, 293.

=Eichstaedt=, portion of, acquired by Grand Duke of Tuscany, ii. 266;
ceded to Bavaria, 391.

=Eisdorf=, fighting at, iii. 406.

=Eisenach=, military movements near, ii. 425, 427;
the allies outwitted at, iv. 35.

=El Arish=, siege and surrender of, ii. 69;
massacre of the garrison, 70;
treaty between Sir Sidney Smith and Kleber at, 181.

=Elba=, _N.'s_ literary labors at, i. 177; iv. 159, 230-232;
secured to France, ii. 204;
France to evacuate, 262;
Countess Walewska follows _N._ to, iii. 11; iv. 143;
the sentence of exile to, iv. 129;
the monarch of, 129, 133, 151;
_N.'s_ journey to, 134-141;
possibility of her not receiving the imperial exile, 135;
imperialist and royalist sentiment in, 141;
_N._ begins his new administration, 141;
_N.'s_ life in, 141 et seq.;
Bourbon spies in, 142;
visitors to, 143;
scheme to deport _N._ from, 145;
_N.'s_ escape from, 152-154;
the naval patrol at, 153;
_N.'s_ monograph on, 232.

=Elbe, River, the=, the Prussian base on, ii. 428;
key to the valley of, 437;
English blockade of, 441; iii. 48;
western boundary of Prussia, 56;
commanded by fortress of Magdeburg, 56, 57;
the kingdom of Westphalia created on, 56, 73;
preparations to oppose English landing on, 72;
French occupation of the coast near, 266;
military movements on, 393, 396, 406, 407; iv. 2, 6-9, 18, 20-26;
scheme of Hanoverian extension on, 399;
territory on, offered to Sweden, 399;
French recovery of the lower part, 407;
boundary of a neutral zone, 414;
exhaustion of the French on, iv. 19;
French garrisons on, 35.

=Elbing=, military movements near, iii. 8, 13.

=Elchingen=, Ney created Duke of, iii. 86. _See also_ =Ney=.

="Elective Affinities,"= iii. 172.

=Electoral Colleges=, ii. 247.

=Eliot, Sir Gilbert=, viceroy of Corsica, i. 261.

=Elliott=, killed at Arcole, i. 399.

=Elsfleth=, escape of the Black Legion to, iii. 234.

=Elster, River, the=, military operations on, iii. 404, 405;
iv. 20-21, 27-30, 33-34.

=Elysee, the=, _N._ takes up residence at, iv. 159;
_N._ returns from Waterloo to, 216, 218.

=Embabeh=, battle of, ii. 59.

=Embargo=, the, ii. 287, 389, 400, 441.

=Emigrants=, plots by, i. 172, 277, 325; ii. 303;
confiscation of property of, and harsh legislation against,
i. 172, 305, 316; ii. 94, 219;
the aristocrats of the, i. 213;
_N.'s_ speculation in lands of, 288;
attitude of the Directory toward, ii. 2, 36;
_N.'s_ secret dealings with, 9;
Talleyrand among the, 33;
encouraged to return, amnesty to, and indemnity for, 130, 245,
324; 411;
_N._ complains of England harboring, 271;
_N._ demands their expulsion from Naples, 357;
return to France under Louis XVIII, iv. 146;
banished again from France, 157.

=Emigration, the=, i. 109, 152, 155, 268.

=Emperor of the Two Americas=, the, iii. 120.

=Empire=, the French use of the term, ii. 248.

=Empire of the West=, _N._ threatens to resuscitate the, ii. 272.

=Engen=, battle of, ii. 166.

=Enghien, Duc d'=, arrest and murder of, i. 179; ii. 241, 304-309,
312, 316, 331, 412; iii. 107; iv. 138;
monarchical schemes and plots of, ii. 239, 240, 301-305;
character, 301;
married to Princess Rohan-Rochefort, 301;
seeks service with England, 302;
residence at Ettenheim, 302-306;
prepares to retire to Freiburg, 302;
_N._ examines papers of, 305;
_N._ defends the execution of, 310;
_N._ blames Talleyrand for his murder, 311; iii. 197;
statements concerning _N.'s_ connection with his murder, 196, 197;
_N.'s_ self-blame for murder of, iv. 233.