Chapter XXII: Napoleon's Place in History (8)

=Frederick William III=, Sieyes's mission to, ii. 41;
_N._ offers the friendship of France to, 155;
character and personality, 155, 400, 414, 422, 442; iii. 44, 45,
52, 57, 62; iv. 6;
refuses to make alliance with _N._, ii. 194;
neutrality of, 194, 311, 361, 414;
motive in joining the "armed neutrality," 194;
_N.'s_ threatening message to, 282;
friendly to France, 347;
letter to _N._, May, 1805, 356;
swears friendship with Alexander I, 377;
joins the third coalition, 376;
signs away Prussian independence, 400;
threatens to abdicate, 417;
proposes the organization of a North German Confederation, 418;
mobilizes the army, 420;
demands the French evacuation of Germany, 421;
declares war, 422;
at Naumburg, 424;
reluctance for war, 427, 428;
military blunders, 429;
in battle of Auerstaedt, 433, 434;
sues for peace, 435;
flight from Jena, 436;
refuses to accept an armistice, 442;
desperation of, 442;
precarious situation at Koenigsberg, iii. 9;
_N._ opens negotiations with, 18;
refuses _N.'s_ overtures, 18;
refuses to negotiate separate peace, 36;
desperate situation, 37;
his "divine right," 38;
_N.'s_ attitude toward, 42, 44, 104;
armistice arranged with, 42;
meeting with the Emperors at Tilsit, 42-45, 49-52;
humiliation of, 57;
calls on his queen for aid, 57;
spoils interview between _N._ and his Queen, 59;
death of, 63;
residence at Memel, 107;
in need of comforts, 107;
sequestration of his Westphalian estates, 162;
friendship with Alexander, 194;
at St. Petersburg, 194;
proposes alliance with Austria, 225;
refuses aid to Francis, 225;
secret armament by, 225;
denounces Schill, 233;
withdraws from offer of alliance, 236;
sounds Austria, 320;
offers alliance to Alexander, 320;
at Dresden, 330;
_N._ seeks to hold his adhesion, 375;
Prussian disregard of, 382;
nominally degrades York, 384;
forced to a decision, 395;
negotiates with _N._, 396;
removes the court to Breslau, 396;
grief at death of the Queen, 397;
mobilizes the army, 397;
declares war, 398;
proposed allotment of territory to, 409;
mediocrity in military affairs, iv. 6;
in military council at Trachenberg, 6;
anxiety for the future of absolutism, 40;
distrust of his allies, 40;
dissatisfied with the Frankfort terms, 41;
seeks the retention of Prussian acquisitions, 67;
letter to Bluecher, Feb. 26, 1814, 75;
at Congress of Chatillon, 76;
attitude toward Francis, 98;
favors movement on Paris, 98;
violates armistice before Paris, 110;
his relations with Alexander, 113;
enters Paris, 113;
at the peace council in Paris, 114;
approves the Bourbon restoration, 114;
deceived by the Parisians' reception, 114;
alleged indelicacy of his visit to the Empress at Rambouillet, 135;
system of promotion in the army, 171.

=Frederick William IV= (crown prince), a suitor for a Napoleonic
princess, iii. 331;
persuades York to rejoin Bluecher, iv. 80.

=Frederick, king of Wuertemberg=, at the Erfurt conference, iii. 172;
marries his daughter to Jerome Buonaparte, ii. 399.

=Free trade=, demand for, in Corsica, i. 116.

=Freiburg=, Duc d'Enghien prepares to retire to, ii. 302;
military movements near, ii. 430.

=Frejus=, _N._ lands at, ii. 83; iv. 139;
_N.'s_ triumphant progress to Paris from, ii. 84;
place of _N.'s_ embarkation changed from St. Tropez to, iv. 139;
arrival of _N._ at, 139.

="French Citizen," the=, change of name to "French Courier," iii. 88.

="French Courier," the=, iii. 88.

=French Empire, the=, the Emperor the head of, ii. 395;
distinguished from France, 404.

=French language=, _N.'s_ use of the, i. 86.

=Frere, Gen.=, success at Segovia, iii. 156.

=Freron, Louis S.=, in siege of Toulon, i. 232, 233;
bloodthirsty character, 233;
_N.'s_ friendship with, 236;
opposes Robespierre, 251;
influence among the Thermidorians, 254;
social life in Paris, 289;
a Dantonist, 289;
uses influence in _N.'s_ behalf, 292, 296;
flirtation with Pauline Buonaparte, 322;
commissioner at Marseilles, 322.

=Friant, Gen.=, marches toward Ingolstadt, iii. 207;
in battle of Borodino, 344.

=Fribourg=, the plundering of, ii. 40.

=Frick Valley=, to be ceded to Austria, ii. 40.

=Friedland=, battle of, iii. 30-33;
the campaign reviewed, 32-37;
Alexander's pliableness after, 351;
battle of, compares with that at Beresina, iv. 37.

=Friedrichshamn=, treaty of, iii. 248.

=Friedrichstadt=, fighting at, iv. 9.

=Friends of the Constitution, the=, i. 154.

=Frischermont=, the farms of, iv. 195;
the French position at, 196.

=Friuli=, retreat of Wurmser's troops through, i. 384;
Quasdanowich's strength in, 386;
Archduke Charles in, 425;
campaign in, 430 et seq.;
ceded by Austria to Italy, ii. 390;
creation of hereditary duchy of, 395;
Duroc created Duke of, iii. 86.
_See also_ =Duroc=.

=Fromentieres=, military operations near, iv. 64.

=Fructidor, the 18th of=, ii. 8;
_N.'s_ responsibility for, 22, 31, 144;
Talleyrand's views of, 34;
counterstroke to, 92;
amnesty for the victims of, 130;
ruptures negotiations at Lille, 144.

=Fructidorians=, attitude toward _N._, ii. 22;
the radical wing of the, 42.

=Fuenterrabia=, _N._ seeks information concerning, iii. 128.

=Fulton, Robert=, tries to interest _N._ in steam, ii. 335.

=Fuentes de Onoro=, battle of, iii. 289.

=Fusina=, the French army at, i. 443.

G

=Gaeta=, creation of hereditary duchy of, ii. 396.

=Gaffori=, i. 116;
fails to arouse enthusiasm in Ajaccio, 118.

=Galicia=, Russian troops in, ii. 363;
Austria's forces on the frontier of, iii. 23;
Russian invasion of, 236;
_N._ demands cession of, 239;
part of, ceded to Russia, 239;
territory of, ceded to grand duchy of Warsaw, 239, 310, 311;
Austria stipulates for acquisition of, 320;
ceded to Austria, 331;
Poniatowski commanding in, 402;
Alexander proposes to exchange Alsace for, iv. 67.

=Galitzin, Prince=, in battle of Eylau, iii. 15;
invades Galicia, 236;
letter from Alexander I, 311;
Alexander's friendship with, 351;
character, 351.

=Gallican Church, the=, _N.'s_ study of, i. 150;
a voluntary, ii. 206;
_N.'s_ threat to liberate it from Rome, iii. 68;
regulation of its relations with Rome, 262, 263;
_N.'s_ failure to change, iv. 260.

=Gallo=, Austrian plenipotentiary at Leoben, i. 437;
Austrian plenipotentiary in treaty of Campo Formio, ii. 19;
bribed by _N._, 19.

=Gambling=, suppression of, iii. 92.

=Ganteaume, Adm.=, member of the council of state, ii. 152;
commanding at Brest, 333;
plan of naval operations for, 334;
fails to run the blockade of Brest, 333.

=Gap=, _N.'s_ welcome at, on return from Elba, iv. 154.

=Garat, D. J.=, Bonapartist agent in Naples, ii. 89;
royalist intrigues of, iv. 106.

=Garda, Lake=, military operations near, i. 372, 379-383, 412-414.

=Gareau=, rapacity of, i. 376.

=Garfagnana=, given to Elisa (Buonaparte), ii. 395.

=Gasparin, A. E.=, member of Convention commission for Corsica, i. 219.

=Gassendi=, _N.'s_ host in Nuits, i. 146.

=Gassicourt, Cadet de=, story of Lannes's death-bed, iii. 224;
prepares poison for _N._, iv. 218.

=Gaudin, M. M. C.=, appointed to the treasury, ii. 130, 220;
member of _N.'s_ new cabinet, iv. 159.

=Gaza=, capture of, ii. 69.

=Gembloux=, _N._ at, iv. 179;
military movements near, 185;
Grouchy ordered to, 185, 187, 191.

=Genappe=, _N.'s_ flight through, iv. 211.

=Gendarmerie=, formation of the system of, i. 142.

=Geneva=, _N._ in, ii. 27;
to be ceded to France, 40;
Berthier sent to, 140;
Mme. de Stael's exile in, iii. 26;
Augereau confronting Bubna at, iv. 57;
surrenders to the allies, 67.

=Geneva, Lake of=, French forces on the, ii. 169.

="Genius of Christianity"= (Chateaubriand's), ii. 259.

=Genoa=, relation of Corsica to, i. 10;
loses its hold on Corsica, 15;
convention with France regarding Corsica, 17, 20;
cedes Corsica to France, 22;
the Buonaparte family in, 28;
Paoli's fears concerning, 116;
claims to Corsica, 120, 126;
_N.'s_ relations with and attitude toward, 122, 246-248, 253, 346;
ii. 10, 15;
relations with France, i. 239, 243-244;
English influence in, 243;
seizure of French vessel in harbor of, 243;
counterfeit French money in, 246;
her neutrality violated, 245;
preparations for war with, 246-248, 253;
_N.'s_ scheme of operations against Sardinia and, 247;
neutrality, 248;
the road opened to, 257;
reopening of commerce with Marseilles, 257;
political status in 1796, 345;
levy of enforced contributions from, 345; ii. 153;
military operations against (1796), i, 357;
French proposition to revolutionize, 373;
guerrillas from, 373;
coercive measures against, 373;
makes alliance with the Directory, 403;
disposition by treaty of Leoben, 439;
French intervention in, ii. 10;
sends an embassy to Montebello, 11;
revolution in, 11;
disappearance of Genoa the Superb, 11;
commercial greatness, 15;
plunder of, 16;
transformed into the Ligurian Republic, 21;
trampled under foot by _N._, 144;
the French line at, 160;
Austria's plans against, 160;
English expedition against, 160, 164;
Massena forced back into, 165;
siege of, 165, 169, 172, 175;
the key of, 172;
surrender of, 175;
_N._ learns of Massena's disaster at, 176;
accepts a consular constitution, 233;
contributes men to France in war of, 1803, 289;
Massena's defense of, 323;
French acquisition of, 355, 357;
position in the French Empire, iii. 279.

=Gentili=, member of the Directory of Corsica, i. 133;
delegate to the National Assembly, 133;
places Ionian Islands under French protection, ii. 16.

=Gentz, Friedrich von=, manifesto against _N._, iii. 200;
on the campaign of 1813, iv. 40.

=George III=, recalls Paoli to England, i. 261;
incurs the ill will of Paul I, ii. 141;
receives personal letter from _N._, 142;
pasquinades on, 146;
quarrel with Pitt over Catholic emancipation, 208;
character, 270;
fears for absolutism, 270;
on treaty of Amiens, 276;
message to Parliament, March 8, 1803, 282;
Elector of Hanover, 287;
effect of his imbecility, 329;
letter from _N._, Jan. 2, 1805, 351;
negotiations for the return of Hanover to, 400, 418, 420;
use of German troops in the American colonies, 419;
ousts the "All the Talents" ministry, iii. 46;
joint letter from _N._ and Alexander to (1808), 181;
retirement of, iv. 161;
rupture of the treaty of Amiens, 264.

=George IV= (Prince Regent), attitude toward France (1795), i. 297;
regency of, iv. 161;
character, 161;
besought for asylum for _N._, 221.

=Georgia=, France undertakes to drive the Russians from, iii. 21.

=Gera=, military movements near, ii. 432.

=Gerard, Gen. E. M.=, created baron, iii. 297;
battle of Borodino, 344;
seizes Montereau, iv. 73;
moves toward Vitry, 93;
attachment to _N._, 118;
strength after the surrender of Paris, 118;
in the Waterloo campaign, 171 et seq.;
at Chatelet, 174;
crosses the Sambre, 174, 179;
battle of Ligny, 181, 183, 190;
at Walhain, 192.

=Gerasdorf=, military operations near, iii. 228;
Archduke Charles advances to, 218.

=German Church=, _N.'s_ threat to liberate it from Rome, iii. 68.

=Germanic Diet=, Prussia's growing ascendancy in the, i. 425.

=German Empire=, _N.'s_ scheme to rival the, ii. 337;
abolished, 391.

=German-Roman Empire=, decadence of, ii. 41.

=Germany=, honors to Paoli in, i. 23;
_N.'s_ study of, 78;
opposition of, to democracy, 247;
cedes the left bank of the Rhine to France, 276;
growth of liberal ideas in southern, 276;
neutrality of northern, 276;
secularization of Church lands in, 276; ii. 264;
republican schemes for, i. 329;
to be forced to yield the Rhine frontier, 334;
military operations in (1795), 342;
Jourdan's disasters in, 385;
_N._ enters, 434;
_N.'s_ influence in, 448;
claim to Malta, ii. 18;
Augereau's blundering in, 37;
plundering in, 38;
French military arrogance in, 40;
attitude of the Directory toward the ecclesiastical
principalities of, 41;
anti-revolutionary sentiment in, 43;
Jourdan ordered to command in, 87;
Archduke Charles commanding in central, 141;
the seat of liberalism in, 155;
billeting of French troops in, 156;
France's pecuniary demands upon, 156;
_N.'s_ plan for a campaign in central, 164;
Moreau levies contributions on, 186;
adjustment of the temporal and spiritual principalities of, 193, 264;
reduction of Austria's ascendancy in, 193;
France's rights in, according to Peace of Luneville, 193;
Franco-Russian agreement concerning, 211;
the Code Napoleon in, 223;
effect of the Concordat in, 264;
question of indemnifying displaced princes, 264;
England's active diplomacy in, 264 et seq.; 301;
_N.'s_ policy of reorganization in, 265;
rearrangement of territories, 265, 352, 391;
development of national spirit, regeneration, and unification in,
265, 352; iii. 95, 161, 200, 213, 320, 330, 383, 385, 394, 397,
423; iv. 1, 19, 37, 40, 57, 298;
strength of the military party and anti-French sentiment in 1875,
ii. 269;
_N.'s_ eye to invasion of, 291;
Moreau's levies on, 296;
homage to _N._ by the princes of, 329;
_N.'s_ claim to, 354;
Alexander I's scheme for partition of, 356;
_N._ threatens to invade, 361;
Archduke Ferdinand commanding in, 363;
high-handed proceedings of the French army in, 376;
extension of the French empire in, 398;
humiliation of, 398 et seq.;
state of religion and morality in, 398;
scheme for unity of the Church in, 402;
good-will to _N._ in western, 402;
the Germanic empire abolished, 404;
French occupation of southern, 405, 418;
Russia's pretensions in, 418;
_N.'s_ intention to evacuate, 421;
Frederick William demands the evacuation of, 422;
Austria asks for rearrangement of, iii. 22;
its composite character, 56;
French nobility endowed with lands in, 87;
liberal movement in, 103;
Austria looks for indemnities in, 195;
hopes of the Hapsburgs to regain lost territory in, 199;
Archduke Charles's address to, 199;
insurrections in, 233;
hatred of _N._ in, 240;
French occupation of the coast, 266;
French evacuation of southern, 266;
confiscation in, 296;
Mme. de Stael's book on, 300;
withdrawal of French troops from, 307;
influence of Prussia in, 320;
proposed new boundaries for, 320;
feelings toward _N._ in, 322;
withdrawal of the Hapsburgs from the leadership of, 330;
conspiracies in, 375;
revolutionary feeling in, 382;
Russian proclamation to, 398;
Sweden sends troops to, 399;
Austria aims at recovering ascendancy in, 423;
purpose of the allies to restore states in, iv. 21;
the retreat from, 35;
proposed influence for _N._ in, 41;
Prussia's ambition for leadership in, 88;
_N.'s_ influence in the creation of modern, 299;
the federation of, 298.

="Germany in her Deepest Humiliation,"= ii. 417.

=Gernstaedt=, military operations near, ii. 433.

=Gerry, Elbridge=, Talleyrand attempts to corrupt, ii. 34.

=Ghent=, flight of Louis XVIII to, iv. 161.

=Giacominetta=, _N.'s_ childish love, i. 41.

=Gibraltar=, i. 22;
Nelson sails for, ii. 359;
Nelson waters his ships at, 372;
importance of, iii. 111.

=Gibraltar, Straits of=, Villeneuve ordered to, ii. 371.

="Gilded Youth," the=, i. 271.

=Gilgenburg=, Ney and Bernadotte escape to, iii. 10;
military movements near, 13, 14.

=Ginguene, P. L.=, Bonapartist agent in Turin, ii. 89.

=Gironde, Department of the=, exempt from legislation concerning
Jews, iii. 77.

=Gironde, River=, _N._ proposes to seek asylum on American ship in
the, iv. 221.

=Girondists, the=, form a ministry, i. 172;
the fall from the ministry, 174;
leaders of, 189;
position in the National Convention, 188;
struggle between the Jacobins and, 189;
favor Louis XVI, 194;
failure of their policy, 212;
defeat the Jacobins in Marseilles, 213;
movement of Marseillais on Paris, 213;
retreat from Avignon, 216;
their cause discussed in the "Supper of Beaucaire," 216, 219;
prepare Toulon for siege, 221;
deliver the fleet at Toulon to Lord Hood, 221;
murders of, at Toulon, 233;
overawed by Danton and Marat, 234;
effects of their policy, 249;
failure of, 266, 267;
their part in organizing the Directory, 271;
influence on the new constitution, 278;
royalism among, 309.

=Girzikowitz=, military operations near, ii. 386.

=Gitschin=, Francis I. at, iii. 415.

=Glatz=, siege of, iii. 20.

=Glogau=, held by the French, iii. 402;
relieved by Victor, 413.

=Glory=, the French passion for, ii. 249, 361; iii. 6.

=Gneisenau, Gen. August=, institutes military reforms in Prussia,
iii. 103;
military ability, iv. 14, 59, 183;
spurs up Bernadotte at Leipsic, 31;
aims to annihilate _N._, 57;
warns Bluecher against over-confidence, 62;
in Waterloo campaign, 172, 177;
orders the Prussian retreat to Wavre, 183, 184;
his title to fame, 182, 183;
holds Bluecher's troops, 194;
doubts Wellington's ability to stand at Waterloo, 194;
in battle of Waterloo, 211, 212.

=Godoy, Manuel de=, prime minister of Spain, ii. 204, 289;
relations with Queen Louisa, 204, 289, 332; iii. 71, 124, 144, 150;
the "Prince of the Peace," ii. 289; iii. 124;
proposed kingdom for, in Portugal, 67, 120;
Spanish revolt against, 71;
treachery to _N._, 71;
ill-gotten wealth, 124;
relations with _N._, 124, 131;
waning power and downfall of, 124, 128, 134, 135, 146;
causes arrest of Ferdinand, 126;
Ferdinand's charges against, 126;
becomes aware of _N.'s_ policy, 132;
skill in diplomacy, 131;
refuses to assent to French seizure of Portugal, 133;
appalled at the French invasion, 133;
contemplates a Bourbon monarchy in America, 134;
clamor for his death, 135;
capture of, 135;
seeks protection of Ferdinand, 136;
destruction of his property, 135;
proposed trial of, 135, 136, 144;
hinted order that he come to France, 140, 141;
summoned to Bayonne, 145;
popular hatred of, 146;
at Compiegne, 148;
infamy of, 150.

=Goethe, Johann W. von=, meetings with _N._, iii. 172;
decorated at Erfurt, 176;
on _N._, 319, 322;
the idealist among thinkers, iv. 242.

=Gohier, M.=, member of the Directory, ii. 92;
represents Jacobin element in the Directory, 94;
falls under Josephine's influence, 97;
president of the Directory, 97;
joins the Bonapartist ranks, 97;
proposed resignation of, 101;
seeks counsel with Barras, 106;
refuses to resign, 108;
imprisonment of, 108, 115.

=Gohlis=, military operations near, iv. 29-32.

=Goldbach, River=, military operations on the, ii. 385-388, 392.

=Golden Book, the=. _See_ =Venice=.

=Goltz=, at Tilsit, iii. 49, 57;
interview with _N._, 60.

=Golynim=, military operations near, iii. 4.

=Goerz=, ceded to France, iii. 239.

=Goess=, castle of, treaty of Leoben signed in, i. 437.

=Gosselies=, military operations near, iv. 175, 176.

=Gotha=, imprisonment of St. Aignan at, iv. 42.

=Goettingen=, Bernadotte ordered to, ii. 362;
patriotism in the university, iii. 398.

=Gourgaud, Gen.=, accompanies _N._ to Paris, iv. 105;
advises a return to Lorraine, 116;
requests interview with Souham, 126;
accompanies _N._ to Rochefort, 219;
goes to London to seek English asylum for _N._, 223;
accompanies _N._ to St. Helena, 227;
mission to secure _N.'s_ release, 231;
assists _N._ on his history, 232.

=Government=, Rousseau's views on, i. 8;
the centralization of, ii. 218;
the mystery of, iii. 389.

=Gradisca=, storming of, i. 433.

=Graham, Gen.=, commanding English troops in the Netherlands, iv. 57.

=Grain=, monopoly of trade in, i. 105.

=Grand army, the=, _N.'s_ distrust of, iii. 45;
passes from Prussia to Spain, 182;
Murat commanding the remnants of, 373;
demoralization of, 373;
crosses the Niemen, 384.

=Grandmaison=, charges plots among the Five Hundred, ii. 115.

=Granville, Lord=, on affairs in France, i. 297.

=Grasse=, _N.'s_ march through, on return from Elba, iv. 154.

=Graudenz=, precarious situation of the garrison of, iii. 10;
Bennigsen attempts to succor, 10;
demanded by _N._ as a pledge, 36.

=Gravina, Adm.=, escapes from Trafalgar, ii. 374.

=Great Britain=, the modern empire of, ii. 55.
_See also_ =England=.

="Great Elector,"= the office of, ii. 126, 322.

=Great Goerschen=, fighting at, iii. 405.

=Great Raigern=, military operations near, ii. 382.

=Great St. Bernard Pass=, the passage of the, ii. 169-171.

="Great Terror," the=, i. 250.

=Greece= (=ancient=), influence on French art, iii. 88;
effects of ambition in, iv. 261;
the history of, 293.

=Greece=, Nelson seeks the French fleet at, ii. 61;
proposal that France take, iii. 50;
_N._ plans the liberation of, 51;
the national awakening of, iv. 300.

=Gregoire, Henri=, influence on the Consulate, ii. 195;
royalist intrigues of, 195.

=Gregorian calendar=, restoration of the, ii. 346.

=Gregory VII=, ii. 340.

=Grenadier Guards=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 201.

=Grenier, Gen.=, in battle of Hohenlinden, ii. 191;
division commander under Eugene, iii. 393.

=Grenoble=, Pius VII a prisoner at, iii. 119, 242;
_N.'s_ march to, on return from Elba, iv. 154;
imperial proclamation at, 156;
obeys _N.'s_ summons to surrender, 156;
_N.'s_ welcome at, 156;
_N._ at, 165.

=Grenville, Lord=, letter to Talleyrand from, ii. 143;
on _N.'s_ wickedness, 144.

=Grisons, the=, quarrel between the Valtellina and, ii. 11;
Austrian violation of neutrality in, 72;
Kray's communications via, to be cut, 164.

=Grodno=, Jerome at, iii. 336.

=Gros, A. J.=, painter, ii. 351;
created a baron, 354.

=Grosbois=, residence of Barras, ii. 119.

=Grossbeeren=, battle of, iv. 14, 16, 19.

=Gross-Ebersdorf=, military operations near, iii. 217.

=Grouchy, Gen. E.=, in battle of Hohenlinden, ii. 191;
at Tilsit, iii. 52;
commanding cavalry in Russian campaign of 1812, 324;
in battle of Vauchamps, iv. 64;
recreated marshal, 167;
movements and orders in the Waterloo campaign, 170 et seq., 179,
186, 191-194, 200, 213, 267;
letter to _N._, June 17, 1815, 187, 191;
suspected unwillingness of, 187;
Gerard to cooeperate with, 190;
uneasy conscience of, 191;
garbled account of Waterloo by, 191;
at Walhain, 192, 213;
criticism of, 192;
at Wavre, 194;
_N.'s_ reliance on, 207, 213;
ordered to retire on Namur, 211, 214;
responsibility for disaster at Waterloo, 213;
victory at Wavre, 214;
leads his army back to France, 214.

=Guadarrama Mountains=, _N._ crosses the, iii. 186-188.

=Guadeloupe=, French plans to strengthen, ii. 333.

"=Guardian Angel, The=," near Craonne, the Emperor's night at,
iv. 78, 79.

"=Guard of honor=," the proposed, iii. 390.

=Guards= (=English=), in battle of Waterloo, iv. 209.

=Guastalla=, given to Pauline (Buonaparte), ii. 395;
granted to Maria Louisa, iv. 133.

=Guastalla, Duchess of=, Pauline created, iii. 279.

=Gudin, Gen.=, in battle of Pultusk, iii. 4;
in the Eckmuehl campaign, 208.

=Guerin, Pierre N.=, created baron, iii. 297.

=Guernsey=, Russian soldiers transported to, ii. 141.

=Guiana=, Pichegru escapes from, ii. 161.

=Guidai=, engaged in Malet's conspiracy, iii. 376.

=Guieu, Gen.=, in the Rivoli campaign, i. 410, 414.

=Guilleminot, Gen.=, mediator between Russia and Turkey, iii. 105;
in battle of Waterloo, iv. 199.

=Guillotine, the=, work of, i. 251.

=Gueldengossa=, military operations near, iv. 28.

=Guenzburg=, Mack essays to cross the Danube at, ii. 366.

=Gustavus Adolphus=, scene of his defeat of Wallenstein, iii. 404.

=Gustavus IV=, king of Sweden, hated by his subjects, iii. 35;
in Pomerania, 36;
weakness of, 36;
gives place to Charles XIII, 280.

=Guyot=, battle of Waterloo, iv. 203.

=Gyulaei=, Austrian diplomatic agent, ii. 381.

=Gyulay, Gen.=, battle of Leipsic, iv. 28, 32.

H

=Hadrian I=, Charles the Great's donation to, revoked by _N._, iii. 215.

=Hague, The=, removal of the capital to Amsterdam from, iii. 277.

=Hal=, Wellington's troops at, iv. 190, 195.

=Halberstadt=, the Black Legion's escape through, iii. 234.

=Halkett, Hugh=, in battle of Waterloo, iv. 210.

=Halle=, Bernadotte's victory at, ii. 436;
the Black Legion's escape through, iii. 234;
patriotism in the university, 398;
Bluecher's advance to, iv. 26, 27.

=Hamburg=, negotiations between France and Prussia concerning, ii. 154;
laid under contribution, 286, 287;
closed to British commerce, 287;
seizure of Rumbold at, 330;
proposal to give it to Prussia, 400;
French occupation of, 443;
Spanish troops in, iii. 159;
Bernadotte's force in, 202;
smuggled commerce of, 265;
scheme to incorporate with France, 266;
position in the French Empire 279;
sends deputation to Paris, 380;
rising against the French garrison, 402;
captured by Vandamme, 407;
Danish troops sent to, 407;
occupied by Davout, 413;
the status quo to be maintained in, 414;
_N._ offers the city to Austria, 424;
end of _N.'s_ defensive line, iv. 1;
Davout besieged at, 55.

=Hameln=, attempt to besiege, ii. 416;
capitulation of, 436.

=Hamilton, Alexander=, U. S. treasury system, iv. 259.

=Hanau=, Oudinot's command in, iii. 203;
battle of, iv. 35;
compared to Krasnoi, 36.

=Hannibal=, _N.'s_ allusion to, i. 357;
his passage of the Alps, ii. 169, 186.

=Hanover=, _N._ threatens to seize, ii. 282;
George III, Elector of, 287;
French occupations of, 287, 331, 418, 443, iii. 202, 266;
Prussia negotiates with France for, ii. 356, 362;
the French garrison replaced by Prussians, 362;
ceded to Prussia, 390, 400, 405;
negotiations for its return to George III, 400, 418, 420;
attempt to drive the French from, 416;
troops in Pomerania, iii. 36;
allotted to Jerome, 266;
Jerome deprived of part of, 278;
excepted from the scheme of Prussian aggrandizement, 398;
England abandons scheme for extension of, 399;
Prussia promises to cede part of Saxony to, 417;
proposed cession of Hildesheim to, 417;
restored to its former ruler, iv. 40;
campaign of the Hundred Days, 170 et seq.

=Hanover, the House of=, ii. 317.

=Hanseatic towns=, free cities, ii. 405;
Joachim I's aspirations concerning, 416;
proposal to include in North German Confederation, 418;
hesitate to reply to Prussia, 420;
neutrality of, iii. 46;
virtual dependence on France, 66;
smuggled commerce of, 265;
scheme to incorporate them with France, 266;
_N._ offers to evacuate, 272;
offered to Louis for Brabant and Zealand, 270;
England threatened with loss of trade with, 272;
_N._ refuses to cede points concerning, 392;
proposal that France evacuate the, 407;
proposed independence of the, 415; iv. 30.

=Happiness=, _N._ on, i. 137.

=Hapsburg, House of=, end of its policy of territorial expansion,
ii, 193;
effect of the Bayonne negotiations on, iii. 163 et seq.;
seeks indemnity for lost domains, 195;
hopes of regaining lost territory, 199;
demoralization in, 215;
matrimonial alliance with _N._, 249, 251; iv. 43;
democratic blows at the dignity of, iii. 256; iv. 37;
withdraws from the leadership of Germany, iii. 330.

=Harcourt=, on affairs in France, i. 297.

=Hardenberg, Prince K. A. von=, aims at consolidation of Prussia,
ii. 358;
dismissal of, 400; iii. 42, 49, 50;
Prussian minister, ii. 415. iii; 37;
at Tilsit, 50;
proposes the partition of Turkey, 50;
seeks refuge in Vienna, 178;
effect of his reforms, 319;
Metternich's negotiations with, 394;
hostility to _N._, 396.

=Harel=, share in the execution of d'Enghien, ii. 310.

=Hassenhausen=, engagement at, ii. 433.

=Hatzfeldt, Prince=, court-martialed and sentenced to death, ii. 439;
the sentence commuted, 439.

=Haugwitz, Count=, Prussian envoy to France, ii. 381, 399;
policy after Austerlitz, 389;
concludes treaty with France, 399;
demand for the disgrace of, 417.

=Hauterive, Duhoux d'=, royalist leader, i. 298;
reviews French situation in 1801, ii. 214.

=Havelburg=, French troops at, iii. 393.

=Havre=, France's alleged naval preparations at, ii. 284.

=Hebert, J. R.=, leader of the Exageres, i. 234;
terrorist, 250.

=Heddersdorf=, defeat of the Austrian, by Hoche at, i. 440.

=Heidenheim=, the French position at, ii. 365.

=Heilsberg=, Ney retreats from, iii. 10;
Bennigsen reaches, 10, 14;
battle of, 29;
_N._ concentrates his army at, 29;
the Russians abandon, 32;
_N.'s_ peril at, 33.

=Heinrichsdorf=, engagement near, iii. 30.

=Heliopolis=, battle of, ii. 181.

=Helvetian Republic, the=, alliance with France, ii. 40;
formation of, 40, 86;
neutrality violated by Austria, 72;
_N._ Grand Mediator of the, 234;
English efforts to discredit France in, 264;
in vassalage to France, iii. 279.

=Henry, Prince of Prussia=, ii. 415.

=Henry III=, _N._ likened to, ii. 340.

=Henry IV=, heads the Bourbon dynasty, i. 176;
_N._ discerns likeness to himself, ii. 350;
_N._ emulates in uxoriousness, iii. 258.

=Herat=, proposed Franco-Russian expedition via, ii. 194.

=Herbois, Collet d'=, member of the National Convention, i. 188, 233.

=Hercules, Pillars of=, "the new," iii. 308.

=Hereditary nobility=, abolished, ii. 223.

=Heredity=, _N._ on, i. 137.

=Herodotus=, _N.'s_ study of, i. 78.

=Hesse=, French march through, ii. 362;
furnishes contingent to _N.'s_ army, iii. 324.

=Hesse-Cassel=, excluded from the Confederation of the Rhine,
ii. 403, 442;
proposal to include in the Confederation, 418;
hesitates to reply to Prussia, 420;
French occupation of, 443;
neutrality of, 443;
organized into the kingdom of Westphalia, iii. 56.

=Hesse-Cassel, House of=, extinction of, ii. 443.

=Hesse-Darmstadt=, member of the Confederation of the Rhine, ii. 403;
quota of men, 404;
turns from _N._ to the allies, iv. 40.

=Heymes, Col.=, records _N.'s_ orders to Ney at Quatre Bras,
iv. 176, 184.

=High Admiral=, creation of the office of, ii. 322.

=Highways=, _N.'s_ scheme of, ii. 279.

=Hildesheim=, apportioned to Prussia, ii. 265;
proposed cession of, to Hanover, iii. 417.

=Hill, Lord=, joins Wellington in the Peninsula, iii. 283;
occupies Bordeaux, iv. 87;
in Waterloo campaign, 172.

=Hiller, Gen.=, military operations on the inn, iii. 199;
movements to support, 204;
movements before Ratisbon, 208;
driven back to Landshut, 208;
flees to Neumarkt, 208;
Bessieres pursues, 209;
crosses the Danube at Mautern, 212;
battle of Ebelsberg, 211;
defeats Wrede at Erding, 211;
effects junction with Charles at Bisamberg, 212, 216;
drives Eugene over the Adige, iv. 39.

=Hilliers, Baraguey d'=, capture of his command in Russia, iii. 359.

=History=, the functions and study of, i. 1, 2; iv. 251;
_N.'s_ study and theory of, i. 78, 127, 150.

"=History of Corsica=," i. 91, 93, 123, 126.

=Hoche, Gen. Lazare=, defeats Wurmser at Weissenburg, i. 273;
commanding Army of the West, 346;
military genius, 350; ii. 181;
campaign in the Netherlands, i. 427;
defeats Austria on the Rhine, 439;
expedition to Ireland, 449;
considered for minister of war, ii. 6;
distrusted by the people, 6;
death of, 9.

=Hofer, Andreas=, exploits in the Tyrol, iii. 234;
capture, trial, and death of, 241;
his family ennobled, 241, 242;
his patriotism and fame, 241;
compared to Tell, 242.

=Hohenems=, acquired by Wuertemberg, ii. 391.

=Hohenlinden=, battle of, ii. 190-194.

=Hohenlohe, Prince of=, commanding at Chemnitz, ii. 424;
at Blankenhain, 427;
defeated by Bernadotte at Schleiz, 428;
in battle of Jena, 433, 434;
retreats to Prenzlau, 434;
surrender of, 436.

=Hohen-Thann=, military movements near, iii. 206.

=Hohenzollern=, member of the Confederation of the Rhine, ii. 403.

=Hohenzollern, House of=, ii. 317;
_N._ in the palace of the, 437;
its territories, 442;
_N._ contemplates its extinction, 442;
provisions for French evacuation of its lands, iii. 62;
_N.'s_ attitude toward, 106, 319;
humiliation of, 163.

=Holitsch=, interview between Francis I and _N._ near, ii. 389.

=Hollabrunn=, Bagration's stand at, ii. 379;
Soult at, 379.

=Holland=, honors to Paoli in, i. 23;
_N.'s_ study of the history of, 156;
expected enmity of, 187;
closes the Scheldt, 194;
becomes the Batavian Republic, 276;
conquest and occupation by France, 324; ii. 5, 233;
republican schemes for, i. 329;
plunder of works of art from, 369;
organization of the Orange party in, 499;
efforts to check democracy in, 499;
English conquests of colonies from, ii. 12;
proposal to make her a dependency of France, 12;
loss of colonies by, 38;
compulsory enrolment in the republican system, 38;
Brune's campaign in, 87, 93, 323;
loyalty to _N._, 146;
indemnity for Flushing, 154;
the Code Napoleon in, 223; iii. 277;
a new constitution imposed on, ii. 233;
indemnity to House of Orange, 262;
French guarantees to, 289;
share in the war of 1803, 290;
independence of, 354;
_N.'s_ claim to, 354;
Prussia bound to secure the liberties of, 377;
Louis made king, 397; iii. 96, 269;
enlistments from, under the French eagles, 3;
Louis's reign in, 25, 270, 277;
vassalage to France recognized at Tilsit, 54;
relations of France with, 73;
smuggled commerce of, 140, 265;
Louis's loyalty to the Dutch, 148, 149;
Oudinot ordered to coerce, 266;
England's paper blockade of, 267;
visit of _N._ to, 268;
violates the Continental System, 269-271;
_N._ reduces Louis to the position of a French governor, 271;
geographically a part of France, 270, 282;
_N.'s_ scheme for the annexation of, 271;
England threatened with loss of trade with, 272;
_N._ offers to evacuate, 272;
opposition to _N._ in, 275;
seizures of American ships in, 275;
Fouche's English-Dutch conspiracy, 275;
Louis abdicates, 276;
removal of the capital to Amsterdam, 277;
annexed to France, 277;
popularity of Louis in, 277;
prosperity under French rule, 277;
the national movement in, 278;
"the alluvium of France," 282;
English expedition to, 294;
incorporated into the French Empire, 294;
_N._ refuses to cede any part of, 392;
riots in, 392;
Eugene to guard, 393;
proposal that France evacuate, 407;
mediocrity of soldiers of, iv. 20;
_N._ offers to restore independence of, 30;
English influence in, 30, 41;
recalls the Prince of Orange, 40;
proposed independence of, 41.

=Holland, Lord=, advocates _N.'s_ cause in Parliament, ii. 143.

=Holstein=, threatened French invasion of, iii. 69;
Denmark's loss of, 70.

=Holy Alliance, the=, iii. 425; iv. 225.

=Holy Inquisition=, abolished in Spain, iii. 189.

=Holy League, the=, i. 177.

=Holy Roman Empire=, dismemberment of the, ii. 266;
abolition of, 418;
desire to substitute a Western empire for, 395;
title of the heir to, iii. 261.

=Hood, Lord=, seizure at Toulon, i. 221.

=Hortense, Queen=, at Malmaison, iv. 218.
_See also_ =Beauharnais, Hortense de=.

=Hostage Law=, the, ii. 94, 134.

=Hougomont=, the farm-house of, iv. 195, 197;
fighting at, 199-202, 207.

=Hoyerswerda=, _N._ moves toward, iv. 17.

=Hugo, Victor=, on _N._, i. 377;
at school in Madrid, iii. 292.

=Humanity=, the cause of, i. 266.

=Hyeres=, retreat of the Corsican expedition to, i. 262.

=Hulin, Gen. P. A.=, presides at trial of Duc d'Enghien, ii. 307-310;
transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, iv. 132.

=Humboldt, William von=, member of Prussian reform party, ii. 415;
reorganizes the educational system of Prussia, iii. 103;
at Congress of Prague, iii. 422.

=Hundred Days=, the campaign of the, iv. 171 et seq.;
_N.'s_ monograph on, 232;
the political question of the, 296.

=Hungary=, Francis I prepares for flight into, i. 437;
French machinations in, ii. 42;
importance of securing to the allies, 381;
Archduke John in, iii. 213, 217, 225, 226, 230;
_N.'s_ policy of winning the people of, 214;
Leopold II's reign, 214;
Francis I's treatment of, 214.

I

=Iberian Peninsula=, proposed appropriation of, iii. 111.

=Ibrahim Bey=, in the battle of the Pyramids, ii. 60;
fails to assist the Rhodes expedition, 77.

=Ile Dieu=, landing of Count of Artois on, i. 304.

=Iller, Gen.=, commanding in the Tyrol, ii. 188.

=Iller, River=, Austrian forces on the, ii. 363.

=Illyria=, Austrian recruiting in, i. 386;
Marmont in, iii. 225;
constitution of, 239;
military government of, 279;
proposed surrender of, to Austria, iii. 320, 392, 407, 415, iv. 30.

=Imagination=, _N's_ prophetic utterance on a disordered, i. 138.

=Imperial Guard=, at Kronach, ii. 428;
discontent among the, iii. 5;
strength in Poland, 6, 7;
at Eylau, 15;
battle of Heilsberg, 29;
battle of Friedland, 30;
exclusiveness of, 87;
service in Spain, 133, 265, 283;
accompanies _N._ from Spain to Paris, 189;
strength in March, 1812, 323;
omission of _N._ to use them at Borodino, 346;
at Smolensk, 362;
at Krasnoi, 363;
on march from Smolensk to Lithuania, 5;
_N.'s_ address to, near Orcha, 366;
demoralization of, 365;
jealousy of the proposed "guard of honor," 390;
at Rippach, 404;
in battle of Luetzen, 404;
the allies' belief in _N.'s_ use of, iv. 4;
at Lauban, 7;
feat of marching, 8;
battle of Dresden, 8, 9;
its losses, 78;
_N._ reviews the, 117, 118;
in Waterloo campaign, 171-211;
battle of Ligny, 183;
battle of Waterloo, 196, 207, 208;
personnel and morale, 208;
"dies but never surrenders," 210.

=Imperial University=, founding of the, iii. 89.

=Imposts=, the regulation of, i. 44.

="Inconstant," the=, _N.'s_ escape from Elba in, iv. 153.

=India=, _N.'s_ attention turned toward, i. 78;
_N.'s_ aspirations for a career in, 207, 216, 317; ii. 15;
_N._ given leave to march on, 73;
importance of _N.'s_ conquering, 73;
Russia's ambition in, 154, 194, 263;
Franco-Russian plans for invasion of, 194, 209;
_N.'s_ dreams of empire in, 289; iii. 308, 352; iv. 256;
_N.'s_ plans for attacking England in, ii. 334;
proposed French expedition to, 441;
proposed Franco-Persian invasion of, iii. 21;
England's vulnerable heel, 109, 112-114;
the highway to, 111.

=Indus, River=, the, proposed Indian expeditions via, ii. 209.

=Industry=, improved condition of, ii. 259;
_N._ advises encouragement of, 347.

=Infantado, Duke del=, leader of Ferdinand VII's party, iii. 124;
commissioned governor of New Castile, 126.

=Infantry=, _N.'s_ early views concerning, i. 56, 59.

="Influence of the Passions,"= _N.'s_ study of Mme. de Stael's, ii. 53.

=Ingolstadt=, Bernadotte marches to, ii. 365;
Davout to concentrate at, iii. 204-208.

=Inn Quarter=, ceded to Austria, ii. 40;
embodied in the Confederation of the Rhine, iii. 239.

=Inn, River, the=, military movements on, ii. 190, 363, 367;
iii. 199, 204, 211, 234.

=Innocent II=, contrasted with =Pius VII=, iii. 264.

=Innsbruck=, seized by the Tyrolese, iii. 201;
garrisoned by Austrians, 201;
Lefebvre drives Tyroleans from, 213.

=Inquisition, the Holy=, blamed for disorders in Spain, iii. 158.

=Institute of France=, reorganization of, i. 281;
Talleyrand a member of, ii. 33, 47;
elects _N._ a member, 98, 335;
part of the educational system of France, 226.

=Institutions=, _N.'s_ study of, i. 78.

=International law=, the law of colonial trade, iii. 46, 47, 48;
neutral ships and neutral goods, 46-49;
the "rule of 1756," 46, 47;
right of search, 47, 100;
contraband of war, 47;
sanctity of all flags on high seas, 55;
the law of neutrals, 264, 267, 280;
use of "simulated papers," 267, 274.

=International understandings=, a hoped-for system of, iv. 295.

=Invalides, Hospital of the=, trophies from Aboukir deposited at,
ii. 147;
inauguration of the empire at, 327;
distribution of Legion of Honor crosses at, 361;
relics of Frederick the Great sent to, 437.

=Ionian Islands=, taken under French protection, ii. 16;
worship of _N._ in, 16;
France retains, 21;
suzerainty of Turkey over, 262;
occupied by Russia, 330;
compensation for, iii. 56;
England's naval watchfulness over, 112;
military government of, 278.

=Ireland=, Hoche's expedition to, i. 449;
plans of French invasion of, ii. 49, 67, 354, 371;
arrest and dismissal of French consuls in, 270;
_N._ foments disturbance in, 272;
volunteer forces in, 291;
English troops sent to Portugal from, iii. 122;
French expedition against (1811), 308.

=Iron Mask, the Man in the=, i. 27.

=Isar, River=, military movements on the, ii. 190; iii. 205-209.

=Isenburg=, member of the Confederation of the Rhine, ii. 403.

=Iser Mountains=, military movements near, iv. 7.

=Islam=, _N._ professes the religion of, ii. 66.

=Isola Rossa=, patriot success at, i. 119.

=Isonzo, River=, military operations on the, i. 433;
proposed boundary for Italy, ii. 23.

=Istria=, ceded to Austria at Leoben, i. 438;
Austrian forces in, ii. 170;
ceded by Austria to Italy, 391;
creation of hereditary duchy of, 396;
Bessieres created Duke of, iii. 86.
_See_ also =Bessieres=.

=Italian Church=, _N._ threat to liberate it from Rome, iii. 68.

=Italian Republic=, _N._ president of the, 252.

=Italy=, affinity with Corsica, i. 9, 10, 24, 25;
the root of the Buonaparte family in, 27;
expected enmity of, 187;
movements of the French fleet against, 191;
_N.'s_ plan of campaign in, 239, 244-246;
suspension of offensive operations in, 256;
opening the roads into, 257, 344;
uneasiness in, at English proximity, 261;
French schemes against English influence in, 261;
growth of liberal ideas in, 276;
_N._ claims the honors of the campaign in, 292;
adoption of _N.'s_ plan of campaign against (1795), 293;
Austria's gaze on, 325;
_N.'s_ peculiar relations to, and knowledge of, 340-345, 368;
the battle-field of rival dynasties, 345;
status in 1796, 345;
revolutionary spirit in, 345;
wealth, 345, 368, 375;
cost of the war in, 351;
_N.'s_ successes in (1796), 351;
French pillage in, 351, 423, 446; ii. 13, 17, 32;
the destinies of Europe dependent on fate of, i. 351;
"an artichoke," 352;
the garden of, 357;
crushed at Lodi, 361;
levying contributions in, 361, 366-369, 374, 375;
the fate of Europe dependent on campaign in, 385;
_N.'s_ personal views of his campaign in, 394;
_N.'s_ negotiations with, 397-404;
relations with France, 397-404;
the campaign in, 406 et seq.;
Austria's fourth attempt to retrieve position in, 406;
the key of, 411;
Spain's mastery of, 421;
Austria's greed for territory in, 425;
Austria's determination to fight in, 425;
spread of the revolutionary movement in, 428;
_N.'s_ organization of native forces in, 431;
scheme of a central republic for, 438;
general disarmament of, 442;
_N._ has free hand in rearrangement of, ii. 7;
_N.'s_ schemes to master, 9;
lands in, ceded to Austria, 21;
attitude of the Directory toward, 23;
_N.'s_ reports on the people of, 23;
_N._ the deliverer of, 26;
the enlightenment of, 37;
France's policy toward, 38;
keeping open gateways into, 40;
Polish troops in, 42;
_N.'s_ forces in, 42;
reasons for success of revolutionary propaganda in, 44;
proposed movements of the allies in, 72;
Joubert's command in, 72;
French disasters in, 80, 140;
dissolution of the republics in, 83;
France foments quarrels in, 87;
Scherer's blunders in, 88;
Russian military operations in, 90, 92;
Francis I determined to hold northern, 141;
_N.'s_ bad faith with the states of, 144;
French and Austrian troops in, 160;
_N.'s_ plan of campaign in, (1800), 162 et seq.;
the reserve army ordered to, 164;
Lecourbe ordered to, 168;
Austrian successes and forces in, 170;
open to _N.'s_ armies, 170;
Austria agrees to evacuate northern, 182;
Austria seeks concessions in, 189;
Massena's maladministration in, 190;
Murat commanding in central, 190;
Brune's and Macdonald's movements in, 192;
Austria's line in, as fixed at Luneville, 193;
alleged plans of _N._ to secure principality in, 194;
_N.'s_ problems in, 203 et seq.;
influence of France in, 207;
Franco-Russian agreement concerning, 211;
the Code Napoleon in, 223; iv. 40;
reorganization of the Cisalpine Republic, ii. 233;
_N.'s_ grip on, 263;
Austria's share in, 265;
Moreau's soldiers drafted into, 295;
the second campaign in, 295;
restriction of the temporal power in, 325;
necessity for reorganization, 347;
union of the crowns of France and, 352;
coronation of _N._ as king, 353;
_N.'s_ scheme of independence for, 355;
_N._ ignores Russian interference in, 356;
Prince Eugene Beauharnais viceroy of, 358;
_N.'s_ sojourn in, 357;
Austria's ambition concerning, 358;
Eugene Beauharnais to organize troops in, 362;
Austria's interest in, 363;
Archduke Charles commanding in, 363;
Prussia bound to secure the independence of, 377;
Austrian troops withdrawn to Vienna from, 380;
_N._ proposes to add Venetia to, 389;
acquires Friuli and Istria, 391;
acquires Dalmatia, 391, 405;
_N._ exacts tribute from, 396;
Venetia incorporated into, 395, 405;
enlistments from, under the French eagles, iii. 3;
French dominion recognized at Tilsit, 54;
temporal appointment of bishops in, 68;
ecclesiastical difficulties in, 67, 305;
relations of France with, 73;
proposal to lay under commercial tribute to France, 74;
French nobility endowed with lands in, 87;
_N.'s_ royal progress through, 109;
_N.'s_ firm hold on, 109;
as a highway to India, 111;
lack of an heir to the throne, 112;
abolition of the hostile strip between Naples and, 118;
annexation of Papal States, to, 68, 118;
Etruria incorporated with kingdom, 120, 129;
_N._ visits (Nov., 1808), 128;
_N._ offers the crown to Lucien, 129;
Austria looks for indemnities in, 195;
hopes of the Hapsburgs to regain territory in, 199;
defeat of Prince Eugene by Archduke John in, 201;
Archduke John in, 211;
consolidation of, under the Napoleon family, 215;
extinguishment of Austria's hopes in, 215;
the city of Rome incorporated with, 242;
Machiavelli and Daunou on the attitude of the Church of Rome
toward, 262;
breaking the chains of ecclesiastical oppression in, 264;
substitution of military despotism, 264;
allotment of Austrian lands to, 266;
England's paper blockade of, 267;
Eugene made viceroy of, 279;
"the flank of France," 282;
confiscation in, 296;
furnishes contingent to _N.'s_ army, 324;
_N._ ruler of, 382;
Roman Catholic influence in, 391;
_N._ refuses to cede any part of, 392;
Eugene ordered to raise a new army in, 408, 414;
proposal to liberate her from France, 416;
Austria seeks to regain ascendancy in, 423; iv. 30, 41;
_N._ offers to guarantee the unity of, 30;
sowing the seeds of unity for, 37;
effect of the battle of Leipsic on, 37;
confusion in, 39;
Alfieri's work in, 39;
humiliation of, 39;
proposed independence of, 41;
fails to support _N._, 56, 59;
lost to France, 56;
_N._ renounces the throne of, 131;
feels the Austrian yoke, 144;
revulsion of feeling toward _N._ in, 144;
plots against _N._, 150;
social reforms in, 255;
after-effects of the Revolution, 255;
_N.'s_ task in, 255;
French influences in, 299;
Austria driven from, 300.

=Ivan=, body physician to the Emperor, iv. 130.

=Ivrea=, attacked by Lannes, ii. 171;
capture of, 172.

=Izquierdo=, Spanish minister to France, iii. 120;
conducts negotiations between Spain and France, 133;
reports failure of his mission, 133.

J

=Jackson, Andrew=, at New Orleans, iv. 169.

=Jacobin Club, the=, foundation of, i. 107;
influence, 151, 153, 157;
letter from _N._ to,176;
closing of, 271.

=Jacobinism=, in _N.'s_ early life, i. 148;
_N._ renounces, 253;
its decline in France, ii. 2;
French hatred of, 36;
rising tide of (1799), 94;
Pitt's delusion concerning _N._ and, 143;
decadence and obliteration of, 195, 235, 258, 261;
effect on _N._, iv. 251.

=Jacobins, the=, declare open hostility to Louis XVI, i. 171, 194;
Danton's leadership in, 187;
struggle between the Girondists and, 188;
position in the National Convention, 188, 266;
connection of the Buonapartes with, 212;
supremacy of, 212, 236;
defeated by the Girondists in Marseilles, 213;
intensity of their movement, 220;
disorders of their rule, 248;
decline of their power, 266, 268, 297; ii. 2;
military successes, i. 268;
influence among the Thermidorians, 271;
tyranny of, 273;
strive for the mastery, 278;
reaction in favor of, 283;
_N.'s_ relations with, 183, 304;
influence in the Directory, ii. 49;
activity in May elections (1799), 91;
political faith, 94;
influence in the Five Hundred, 97;
suppression of their section of the press, 96;
attitude on the 19th Brumaire, 115;
end of the party, 120, 125;
financial effects of their rule, 134;
legislation against, 134;
attitude toward the Church, 205;
assassination schemes among, 239, 241;
reputed rising in France, 298;
England fosters the spirit of insurrection among the, 300;
alienated from _N._, iv. 166;
subservient to _N.'s_ will, 259.

=Jaffa=, bombardment of, ii. 69;
massacre and license at, 70;
the French hospitals at, 74, 75;
stories of _N.'s_ inhumanity at, 75;
the retreat from, 76.

=Jamestown, St. Helena=, iv. 228.

=Janina, Pasha of=, rebellious spirit of, ii. 17.

=Janizaries=, rebellion of the, iii. 33, 163.

=Jason=, _N._ likened to, iii. 387.

=Jauberthon, Mme. de=, marries Lucien Buonaparte, iii. 129.

=Jaucourt, ----=, royalist intrigues of, iv. 107;
letter of, March 17, 1814, 107;
member of the executive commission, 115.

=Jay treaty, the=, ii. 212.

=Jemmapes=, battle of, i. 194.

=Jefferson, Thomas=, his embargo policy, iii. 101, 102.

=Jena=, battle of, ii. 429-434;
moral effect upon Prussia, 435;
practical results to the French, 437;
Prussia's humiliation at, iii. 57;
a royal hare-hunt on the field of, 178;
immediate effects of the battle, 190;
patriotism in the university, 398;
the strategy of, 404.

=Jena, the bridge of=, in Paris, iii. 74.

=Jerome= (king of Westphalia), violates the Continental System, iii. 266;
acquires Hanover and Magdeburg, 266;
hesitates about furnishing new levies, iv. 394.
_See also_ =Buonaparte, Jerome=.

=Jesuits=, Carlo Buonaparte's claims against the, i. 32, 43, 63;
Alexander seeks their influence in Poland, iii. 384.

=Jesus Christ=, _N._ compares Apollonius of Tyana with, ii. 206.

=Jews=, in Corsica, i. 16;
Paoli's relations with the, 16;
rights and duties under the Code, ii. 224;
the Semitic question in France, iii. 75-78;
general Sanhedrim of, 76;
_N.'s_ legislation concerning, 85;
liable to military service, 77;
regulations for Alsace, 77;
present standing in France, 77; iv. 259.

=Jezzar=, commanding Turkish troops in Syria, ii. 68-71;
N. reports his massacres to, 70;
reinforcements from Damascus for, 71.

=Joachim I=, grand duke of Cleves and Berg, ii. 403.
_See also_ =Murat=.

=John, Archduke=, succeeds Kray in command, ii. 188;
forces of, 188;
position on the Inn, 191;
battle of Hohenlinden, 191;
reaches Marburg, 367;
to excite revolt in the Tyrol, iii. 199;
defeats Prince Eugene, 201;
abandons the Tyrol, 211;
escapes from Macdonald into Hungary, 212;
ordered to Linz, 216;
at Voelkermarkt, 217;
in Hungary, 225;
driven into Hungary by Eugene, 226;
preparations to oppose, 226;
advances toward Raab, 226;
in Presburg, 227, 228, 230;
turns to guard Hungary, 231;
ordered to attack, 230;
accused of criminal negligence, 230;
banished to Styria, 230;
proposes to continue the war, 235;
quarrels with Charles, 235.

=John, Don=, regent of Portugal, iii. 119;
character, 119;
yields to demands of France, 120;
plan to capture, 121;
Bellesca organizes rebellion in favor of, 122.

=Jomini, Henri=, on the Eckmuehl campaign, iii. 210;
records _N.'s_ warlike spirit, 326;
_N.'s_ military confidences and conversations with, 333, 338;
alleged hostility of Berthier to, iv. 2;
goes over to the allies, 2;
military genius, 2.

=Jouan, Gulf of=, landing of _N._ on shores of, iv. 153.

=Joubert, Gen. B. C.=, in Rivoli campaign, i. 410-415;
occupies Rivoli, 410;
military operations in the Tyrol, 431, 435;
joins _N._, 435;
withdraws from the Tyrol, 436, 442;
French agent in the Netherlands, ii. 38;
to succeed _N._ in Italy, 73;
defeated and killed at Novi, 83, 92, 96;
succeeds Moreau, 92;
relations with Sieyes, 92;
statue at the Tuileries, 147.

=Jourdan, Gen. J. B.=, defeats the Austrians at Fleurus, i. 273;
suspected of intrigue, 278;
a product of Carnot's system, 332;
saved from defeat at Maubeuge, 332;
commanding forces at Duesseldorf, 347;
military genius, 350;
seizes Wuerzburg, 385;
meets with disaster in Germany, 385;
defeated near Ratisbon, 385;
wins battle of Altenkirchen, 385;
disgraced, 450;
member of the Five Hundred, ii. 72;
commanding Army of the Danube, 72;
ordered to central Germany, 87;
defeated at Ostrach and Stockach, 88;
succeeded by Lenouf, 88;
carries out conscription measures, 93;
Jacobin candidate for supreme command, 94;
demands a vote of "public danger," 96;
fails to attend banquet at St. Sulpice, 100;
warned to keep the peace, 109;
legislation aimed against, 134;
annexes Piedmont, 233;
victory at Fleurus, 323;
pacification of Piedmont, 323;
created marshal, 323;
military adviser to Joseph, iii. 183;
goes over to Louis XVIII, iv. 132;
recreated marshal, 167.

"=Journal of Debates=," the, iii. 88.

"=Journal of the Empire=," the, iii. 88.

=Joux=, imprisonment and death of Toussaint Louverture in castle of,
ii. 237.

=Judicial administration, the=, ii. 149-153.

=Judiciary=, reform of the, i. 152.

=July 14=, celebration of, ii. 195.

=Junot, Gen. Andoche=, _N._ wins the admiration of, i. 237;
letters from _N._, 255; iii. 356, 357;
accompanies _N._ to Paris, i. 263;
delivers _N.'s_ terms to Venice, 437;
escorts Josephine to Montebello, 455;
formulates demand on the Venetian senate, ii. 11;
service in Egypt, 53;
in battle of Esdraelon, 72;
ordered to leave Egypt, 81;
ordered with "corps of observation" to Portugal, iii. 67;
his venality and greed, 81, 122;
ordered to invade Portugal, 120;
reaches Abrantes, 121;
garrisons Portuguese fortresses, 121;
prepares for invasion of Spain, 121;
reaches Lisbon, 121;
military administration in Portugal, 122;
goes to Oporto, 122;
aspires to the crown of Portugal, 122, 287;
revulsion of feeling in Portugal against, 122;
appointed governor of Portugal, 132;
strength in Portugal, 156;
Bessieres ordered to connect with, 157;
precarious situation, 157;
escapes to Cintra, 157;
defeated at Vimeiro, 158;
surrenders at Cintra, 158, 159, 186;
returns to France, 157;
forces in Spain, 183;
defeated by the Black Legion at Berneck, 234;
in Leon, 283;
battle of Borodino, 344.

=Junot, Mme.=, i. 283;
opinions of _N._, ii. 197;
ancient lineage of, iii. 122.

=Jura Mountains=, proposed boundary for Germany, iii. 320.

=Jueterbog=, Bernadotte at, iv. 18.

K

=Kaja=, fighting at, iii. 405.

=Kalatscha, River=, military operations on the, iii. 343-344.

=Kalish, treaty of=, Feb. 28, 1813, iii. 385, 398.

=Kalkreuth, Gen.=, Prussian commander, ii. 419;
defense of Dantzic, iii. 22;
at Tilsit, 49;
agreement to evacuate Prussia, 99.

=Kaluga=, extension of the Russian lines toward, iii. 351;
French retreat toward, 353.

=Kamenski, Gen.=, Russian general-in-chief, iii. 8;
mistake at battle of Pultusk, 9;
retired, 9.

=Kandahar=, projected rising against England in, iii. 21.

=Kapzewitch, Gen.=, reinforces Bluecher at Montmirail, iv. 63.

=Karl August=, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, accepts French terms after Jena,
ii. 443.

=Karlings, the=, the legitimacy of, ii. 325.

=Kastel=, Bertrand stationed at, iv. 54.

=Katzbach, River=, Bluecher crosses the, iv. 7;
battle of, 15.

=Kehl=, Moreau crosses the Rhine at, i. 385.

=Keith, Adm. G. K. E.=, expedition against Genoa, ii. 160;
gratitude to _N._ for favors, iv. 226;
announces the sentence of imprisonment to _N._, 226.

=Kellermann, Gen. F. C.=, defeats the allies at Valmy, i. 194;
commanding forces in the Alps, 213, 347;
plans of the Directory regarding, 363;
in Savoy, 365;
receives subsidy from _N._, 365;
proposition that he organize republics in Italy, 372.

=Kellermann, Gen. F. E.=, in battle of Marengo, ii. 180, 272;
battle of Leipsic, iv. 29, 32;
transfers his allegiance to Louis XVIII, 132;
recreated marshal, 132;
in the Waterloo campaign, 172, 173, 182, 203;
battle of Quatre Bras, 182.

=Kemberg=, Bluecher's march to, iv. 22.

=Keralio, M. de=, commends _N.'s_ ability, i. 56, 57.

=Khiva=, proposed Franco-Russian expedition via, ii. 194.

=Kienmayer, Gen.=, Austrian commandant in Franconia, iii. 234.

=Kilmaine, Gen. C. J.=, watches Venice, i. 431.

="King of the French," or "King of France,"= i. 119.

=Kings=, divine right of, iv. 250.

=Kinzig=, the Austrian line at, ii. 160.

=Kinzig, River=, military operations on the, iv. 36.

=Kirchener, Gen.=, killed at Reichenbach, iii. 411.

=Klagenfurt=, capture of, i. 434;
_N._ in, 435;
invasion of the Tyrol from, iii. 234.

=Kleber, Gen. J. B.=, military successes of, i. 274;
a product of Carnot's system, 332;
service in Egypt, ii. 53 et seq.;
marches on Syria, 69;
in battle of Esdraelon, 71, 72;
at the siege of Acre, 74;
in the battle of Aboukir, 78;
appointed to chief command of army in Egypt, 80;
instructions for evacuating Egypt, 81;
protests against _N.'s_ conduct, 81;
deceived by _N._, 81;
prepares to evacuate Egypt, 143;
military genius, 189;
concludes treaty of El Arish, 189;
his admirable administration, 181;
assassination of, 181, 211;
succeeded by Menou, 181.

=Klein, Gen.=, in the Austerlitz campaign, ii. 380;
Bluecher's duplicity to, 436.

=Kleist, Gen.=, in battle of Bautzen, iii. 410;
Prussian commissioner at Poischwitz, 415, 417;
battle of Kulm, iv. 15;
reinforces Bluecher at Montmirail, 63;
displaced, 172.

=Klenau, Gen.=, at surrender of Mantua, i. 417;
threatens Augereau, ii. 192;
commanding under Archduke John, 188;
battle of Wagram, iii. 228;
march from Tharandt to Dresden, iv. 10.

=Knight of Malta, the=, letters from the Czar to, i. 424;
death of, ii. 18.

=Knights of St. John of Malta, the=, corruption among, ii. 56;
wars against the Turks, 58;
Paul I seeks to head, 154;
Malta restored to, 262, 267.

=Kobelnitz=, military operations near, ii. 385.

=Kolberg=, Bennigsen attempts to succor, iii. 10;
siege abandoned, 20;
_N._ demands, as a pledge, 36.

=Kolin=, battle of, iv. 267.

=Koller, Gen.=, Austrian commissioner at Fontainebleau, iv. 135;
suggests an asylum for _N._ in England, 135;
accompanies _N._ to Elba, 140;
quits Elba, 142.

=Kollowrath, Gen.=, in battle of Austerlitz, ii. 386;
ordered to seize Linz, iii. 216.