Chapter LXVIII: Part 68

ART. 84. The judge-advocate shall administer to each member of the court, before they proceed upon any trial, the following oath, which shall also be taken by all members of regimental and garrison courts-martial: “You, A B, do swear that you will well and truly try and determine, according to evidence, the matter now before you, between the United States of America and the prisoner to be tried, and that you will duly administer justice, without partiality, favor, or affection, according to the provisions of the rules and articles for the government of the armies of the United States, and if any doubt should arise, not explained by said articles, then according to your conscience, the best of your understanding, and the custom of war in like cases; and you do further swear that you will not divulge the sentence of the court until it shall be published by the proper authorities; neither will you disclose or discover the vote or opinion of any particular member of the court-martial, unless required to give evidence thereof, as a witness, by a court of justice, in a due course of law. So help you God.”

ART. 85. When the oath has been administered to the members of a court-martial, the president of the court shall administer to the judge-advocate, or person officiating as such, an oath in the following form: “You, A B, do swear that you will not disclose or discover the vote or opinion of any particular member of the court-martial, unless required to give evidence thereof, as a witness, by a court of justice, in due course of law; nor divulge the sentence of the court to any but the proper authority, until it shall be duly disclosed by the same. So help you God.”

ART. 86. A court-martial may punish, at discretion, any person who uses any menacing words, signs or gestures, in its presence, or who disturbs its proceedings by any riot or disorder.

ART. 87. All members of a court-martial are to behave with decency and calmness.

ART. 88. Members of a court-martial may be challenged by a prisoner, but only for cause stated to the court. The court shall determine the relevancy and validity thereof, and shall not receive a challenge to more than one member at a time.

ART. 89. When a prisoner, arraigned before a general court-martial, from obstinacy and deliberate design, stands mute, or answers foreign to the purpose, the court may proceed to trial and judgment, as if the prisoner had pleaded not guilty.

ART. 90. The judge-advocate, or some person deputed by him, or by the general or officer commanding the army, detachment, or garrison, shall prosecute in the name of the United States, but when the prisoner has made his plea, he shall so far consider himself counsel for the prisoner as to object to any leading question to any of the witnesses, and to any question to the prisoner the answer to which might tend to criminate himself.

ART. 91. The depositions of witnesses residing beyond the limits of the State, Territory, or District in which any military court may be ordered to sit, if taken on reasonable notice to the opposite party and duly authenticated, may be read in evidence before such court in cases not capital.

ART. 92. All persons who give evidence before a court-martial shall be examined on oath, or affirmation, in the following form: “You swear (or affirm) that the evidence you shall give, in the case now in hearing, shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. So help you God.”

ART. 93. A court-martial shall, for reasonable cause, grant a continuance to either party, for such time, and as often, as may appear to be just: _Provided_, That if the prisoner be in close confinement, the trial shall not be delayed for a period longer than sixty days.

ART. 94. Proceedings of trials shall be carried on only between the hours of eight in the morning and three in the afternoon, excepting in cases which, in the opinion of the officer appointing the court, require immediate example.

ART. 95. Members of a court-martial, in giving their votes, shall begin with the youngest in commission.

ART. 96. No person shall be sentenced to suffer death, except by the concurrence of two-thirds of the members of a general court-martial, and in the cases herein expressly mentioned.

ART. 97. No person in the military service shall, under the sentence of a court-martial, be punished by confinement in a penitentiary, unless the offense of which he may be convicted would, by some statute of the United States, or by some statute of the State, Territory, or District in which such offense may be committed, or by the common law, as the same exists in such State, Territory, or District, subject such convict to such punishment.

ART. 98. No person in the military service shall be punished by flogging, or by branding, marking, or tattooing on the body.

ART. 99. No officer shall be discharged or dismissed from the service, except by order of the President, or by sentence of a general court-martial; and in time of peace no officer shall be dismissed, except in pursuance of the sentence of a court-martial, or in mitigation thereof.

ART. 100. When an officer is dismissed from the service for cowardice or fraud, the sentence shall further direct that the crime, punishment, name, and place of abode of the delinquent shall be published in the newspapers in and about the camp, and in the State from which the offender came, or where he usually resides; and after such publication it shall be scandalous for an officer to associate with him.

ART. 101. When a court-martial suspends an officer from command, it may also suspend his pay and emoluments for the same time, according to the nature of his offense.

ART. 102. No person shall be tried a second time for the same offense.

ART. 103. No person shall be liable to be tried and punished by a general court-martial for any offense which appears to have been committed more than two years before the issuing of the order for such trial, unless, by reason of having absented himself, or of some other manifest impediment, he shall not have been amenable to justice within that period.

ART. 104. No sentence of a court-martial shall be carried into execution until the whole proceedings shall have been approved by the officer ordering the court, or by the officer commanding for the time being.

ART. 105. No sentence of a court-martial, inflicting the punishment of death, shall be carried into execution until it shall have been confirmed by the President; except in the cases of persons convicted, in time of war, as spies, mutineers, deserters, or murderers, and in the cases of guerilla marauders, convicted, in time of war, of robbery, burglary, arson, rape, assault with intent to commit rape, or of violation of the laws and customs of war; and in such excepted cases the sentence of death may be carried into execution upon confirmation by the commanding general in the field, or the commander of the department, as the case may be.

ART. 106. In time of peace no sentence of a court-martial, directing the dismissal of an officer, shall be carried into execution, until it shall have been confirmed by the President.

ART. 107. No sentence of a court-martial appointed by the commander of a division or of a separate brigade of troops, directing the dismissal of an officer, shall be carried into execution until it shall have been confirmed by the general commanding the army in the field to which the division or brigade belongs.

ART. 108. No sentence of a court-martial, either in time of peace or in time of war, respecting a general officer, shall be carried into execution, until it shall have been confirmed by the President.

ART. 109. All sentences of a court-martial may be confirmed and carried into execution by the officer ordering the court, or by the officer commanding for the time being, where confirmation by the President, or by the commanding general in the field, or commander of the department, is not required by these articles.

ART. 110. No sentence of a field-officer, detailed to try soldiers of his regiment, shall be carried into execution, until the whole proceedings shall have been approved by the brigade commander, or, in case there be no brigade commander, by the commanding officer of the post.

ART. 111. Any officer who has authority to carry into execution the sentence of death, or of dismissal of an officer, may suspend the same until the pleasure of the President shall be known; and, in such case, he shall immediately transmit to the President a copy of the order of suspension, together with a copy of the proceedings of the court.

ART. 112. Every officer who is authorized to order a general court-martial shall have power to pardon or mitigate any punishment adjudged by it, except the punishment of death, or of dismissal of an officer. Every officer commanding a regiment or garrison in which a regimental or garrison court-martial may be held, shall have power to pardon or mitigate any punishment which such court may adjudge.

ART. 113. Every judge-advocate, or person acting as such, at any general court-martial, shall, with as much expedition as the opportunity of time and distance of place may admit, forward the original proceedings and sentence of such court to the Judge-Advocate General of the Army, in whose office they shall be carefully preserved.

ART. 114. Every party tried by a general court-martial shall, upon demand thereof, made by himself, or by any person in his behalf, be entitled to a copy of the proceedings and sentence of such court.

ART. 115. A court of inquiry, to examine into the nature of any transaction of, or accusation or imputation against, any officer or soldier, may be ordered by the President or by any commanding officer; but, as courts of inquiry may be perverted to dishonorable purposes, and may be employed, in the hands of weak and envious commandants, as engines for the destruction of military merit, they shall never be ordered by any commanding officer, except upon a demand by the officer or soldier whose conduct is to be inquired of.

ART. 116. A court of inquiry shall consist of one or more officers, not exceeding three, and a recorder, to reduce the proceedings and evidence to writing.

ART. 117. The recorder of a court of inquiry shall administer to the members the following oath: “You shall well and truly examine and inquire, according to the evidence, into the matter now before you, without partiality, favor, affection, prejudice, or hope of reward. So help you God.” After which the president of the court shall administer to the recorder the following oath: “You, A B, do swear that you will, according to your best abilities, accurately and impartially record the proceedings of the court and the evidence to be given in the case in hearing. So help you God.”

ART. 118. A court of inquiry, and the recorder thereof, shall have the same power to summon and examine witnesses as is given to courts-martial and the judge-advocates thereof. Such witnesses shall take the same oath which is taken by witnesses before courts-martials,[4] and the party accused shall be permitted to examine and cross-examine them, so as fully to investigate the circumstances in question.

[4] _Sic_ in the roll.

ART. 119. A court of inquiry shall not give an opinion on the merits of the case inquired of unless specially ordered to do so.

ART. 120. The proceedings of a court of inquiry must be authenticated by the signatures of the recorder and the president thereof, and delivered to the commanding officer.

ART. 121. The proceedings of a court of inquiry may be admitted as evidence by a court-martial, in cases not capital, nor extending to the dismissal of an officer: _Provided_, That the circumstances are such that oral testimony cannot be obtained.

ART. 122. If, upon marches, guards, or in quarters, different corps of the Army happen to join or do duty together, the officer highest in rank of the line of the Army, Marine Corps, or militia, by commission, there on duty or in quarters, shall command the whole, and give orders for what is needful to the service, unless otherwise specially directed by the President, according to the nature of the case.

ART. 123. In all matters relating to the rank, duties, and rights of officers, the same rules and regulations shall apply to officers of the Regular Army and to volunteers commissioned in, or mustered into said service, under the laws of the United States, for a limited period.

ART. 124. Officers of the militia of the several States, when called into the service of the United States, shall on all detachments, courts-martial, and other duty wherein they may be employed in conjunction with the regular or volunteer forces of the United States, take rank next after all officers of the like grade in said regular or volunteer forces, notwithstanding the commissions of such militia officers may be older than the commissions of the said officers of the regular or volunteer forces of the United States.

ART. 125. In case of the death of any officer, the major of his regiment, or the officer doing the major’s duty, or the second officer in command at any post or garrison, as the case may be, shall immediately secure all his effects then in camp or quarters, and shall make, and transmit to the office of the Department of War, an inventory thereof.

ART. 126. In case of the death of any soldier, the commanding officer of his troop, battery, or company shall immediately secure all his effects then in camp or quarters, and shall, in the presence of two other officers, make an inventory thereof, which he shall transmit to the office of the Department of War.

ART. 127. Officers charged with the care of the effects of deceased officers or soldiers shall account for and deliver the same, or the proceeds thereof, to the legal representatives of such deceased officers or soldiers. And no officer so charged shall be permitted to quit the regiment or post until he has deposited in the hands of the commanding officer all the effects of such deceased officers or soldiers not so accounted for and delivered.

ART. 128. The foregoing articles shall be read and published, once in every six months, to every garrison, regiment, troop, or company in the service of the United States, and shall be duly observed and obeyed by all officers and soldiers in said service.

SEC. 1343. All persons who, in time of war, or of rebellion against the supreme authority of the United States, shall be found lurking or acting as spies, in or about any of the fortifications, posts, quarters, or encampments of any of the armies of the United States, or elsewhere, shall be triable by a general court-martial, or by a military commission, and shall, on conviction thereof, suffer death.

INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS

(_For description of Illustrations, see body of work._)

PLATE
Abatis, 1
Acinace, 1
Aillettes, 1
Aiming kneeling, 1
Aiming, with an overhead rest, 1
Aiming, sand-bag rest, 1
Alman-rivets, 1
Amazon, 29
Ambulance, 1
American Indians, 28
Amusette, 1
Anlace, 1
Aparejo, 1
Aqueduct, 1
Arbalest, 1
Blocks and Tackles, 3
Blood-hound, 3
Blunderbuss, 1
Bombs, 3
Bomb-proof, 3
Boomerang, 3
Bourguignote, 3
Bracconière, 3
Braquemurt, 3
Brassard, 3
Breech-sight, 3
Bridge (read Bateau bridge), 3
Bridge, Trestle, 2
Bridge, Trestle, 2
Bridge, Trestle, 2
Bridge, Lashing for Trestle, 2
Bridge, Frame, 2
Bridge, Frame, 2
Bridge, Sling, 2
Bridge, Tension, 2
Bridge, Suspension, 2
Bridge, Suspension, 2
Bridges, Holdfasts for, 2
Bridle, 2
Brigantes, 26
Broadsword, 1
Bucklers, 2
Bugle, 3
Bullet-proof Gate, 2
Busby, 1
Buskin, 3
Cabasset, 5
Caligæ, 4
Caltrop, 5
Calumet, or Pipe of Peace, 19
Candjiar Turc, 5
Canister, 5
Canonnier (Louis XIV.), 26
Canteen, 5
Caparison, 29
Carabineer (Louis XIV.), France, 31
Carabineer, Italy, 28
Carbine, 17th Century, 4
Carreau, 5
Cartridge, 5
Cartridge-box, 5
Casemate, 3-4
Casque, 5
Lacedæmonian, 5
Boetian, 5
Athenian, 5
Of the Dacia, 5
Of the Dacia (Infantry), 5
Of the Dacia (Cavalry), 5
French (Cuirassier of the Guard), 5
French (Carabineer), 5
French (Dragoon of the Line), 5
Casse-tête, 4
Castellated, 5
Castle, 4
Catapult, 5
Catapulta, 5
Cat-o’-nine-tails, 5
Cavalry, 18th Century (France), 32
Bavaria, 32
United States, 31
Greek (Ancient), 31
Regular (China), 31
Roman, 29
Chain-shot, 5
Chapeau Bras, 5
Chapeau (Henry II.), 5
Chapeau (Henry III.), 5
Chapeau (François I.), 5
Chapeau (Louis XV.), 5
Chapeau (Louis XIV.), 5
Chapeau (Louis XIII.), 5
Chasseur, Bavaria, 28
Chasseur, Tyrolean (Austria), 28
Foot, 1862 (France), 27
Foot (Louis XV.), 27
Algerian, 30
Of the Guard, Mounted (France, 1802), 31
Cheval-de-frise, 4
Cimeterre, 4
Cimier, 5
Claymore, 5
Clunaculum, 4
Cnémides, 4
Coat of Mail, 5
Coat of Mail, 4
Colletin, 5
Colors, 4
Corium, 5
Cornet, Light Cavalry (Louis XIII.), 30
Corselet, 5
Cossack, 30
Crèaneaux, 4
Cross-bow, 5
Crown, Mural, 5
Crows-foot, 5
Cuirass, 5
Cuirassier (Prussia), 32
Cutlass, 5
Dagger, 4
Daggers, 4
Dagues (cut next to Device), 4
Dangerous Space, 4
Dart, 4
Decoration, 4
Device, 4
Diameter, 4
Donjon, 4
Dragoon, Sepoy, 27
Switzerland, 32
Austria, 32
Drawbridge, 4
Drum, 4
Drum-Major, French Guards (1786), 27
Of the Grenadiers of the Guard, France, 1813, 27
Eagles, Roman, 6
Echaugette, 4
Ecu, 4
Embrasures, 4
Embrasures, 6
Embrasure Lining, 6
Entanglement, Wire, 6
Epaulette, 4
Escarp, 6
Espadon, 6
Espingole, 4
Falarique, 6
Fantassin (Japan), 28
Fantassin of the Nizam, 28
Japan, 28
Fasces, 6
Fascine, 6
Fascine Blind, 6
Fascine Choker, 7
Fascine Trestle, 7
Fascine, Withe for, 7
Fire-arrow, 6
Fire-ball, 6
Fleaux d’Armes, 23
Fleches, 9
Foil, 6
Foot Artillery, Line (France), 27
Fortification--Trenches, 6
Gun Pit, 6
Military Pits, 6
Defense (Hedges), 6
Defense (Screen), 6
Defense (Walls), 6
Defense (Wall), 7
Defense (Stockades), 7
Fraises, 6
Fascine Revetment, 6
Fascine Revetment, 7
Gabion Revetment, 6
Gabion Revetment, 7
Sod Revetment, 7
Brushwood Revetment, 7
Sand-bag Revetment, 7
Fascine Stockade, 7
Log Stockade, 7
Log Loop-hole, 7
Brushwood Loop-hole, 7
Sand-bag Loop-hole, 7
Breastwork, 7
Hurdles, 7
Fascines, 7
Logs, 7
Gun or Gatling-port in Stockade, 7
Palisades, 7
Palisade, 18
Profile, 7
Lunette, 7
Shell-proof, 9
Field-works, 7
Field-works, 8
Ditch, Glacis, Parapet, and Trench, 8
Bastioned Fort, 8
Star Fort, 8
Crémaillère, 8
Lunette (Defense of Bridge), 8
Splinter-proof, 8
Traverse, 8
One gun “en barbette” on straight parapet, 8
Keep, 8
Gabionnade, 23
Gun-bank, 8
Field Casemate, 8
Earthen Retrenchment, 9
Tambour, 9
Tambour, 9
Caponniere, 9
Shoulder Caponniere, 8
Machicolation, 13
Machicolation, 23
Magazine, 8
Magazine, Plan of, 8
Magazine in a Traverse, 9
Escarp Gallery, 8
Parallels, 23
Francisques, 6
Friction Tube, 6
Fusileer, Mounted (Louis XIII.), 31
Fusils, Indien, 9
Fusils, Marocain, 9
Fuze, Bormann-, 6
Fuze, German Time-, 6
Fuze, Percussion-, 6
Fuze, Percussion- (English G. S.), 6
Fuze, Percussion- (English G. S.), 6
Fuze, Swiss Combination, 6
Fuze, Time-, 6
Fuze, Time-, 6
Gabion, 7
Gabion Knife, 7
Gabionnade, 23
Gadling, 9
Garter, Collar of, 9
Garter, Star of, 9
Gauntlet, 9
Gendarme, 1453, 29
Gendarme, Foot, 1824 (France), 27
Gladiator, 9
Gong, 9
Gorget, 9
Grape, 9
Grenade and Fuze, 9
Grenadier, 9
Grenadier, Belgium, 28
England, 1690, 26
Guide, Belgium, 32
Guillotine, 9
Guisarme, 9
Haches d’Armes, 9
Halberdier, 1534, 26
Halberds, 10
Hand Sling-cart, 23
Handspike, Manœuvring, 9
Hauberk, 9
Hausse, Pendulum, 18
Haversack, 9
Head-piece, 5
Helmet, Barred, 5
Helmet, U. S., 5
Heraldry, 10
Eagle Recursant, 10
Fanciful variations of the Shield, 10
Fleur-de-lis, 10
Inescutcheon, 10
Lion Statant, 11
Lozenge, 11
Norman Shield, 11
Pale, 10
Paly, 10
Party per Pale, 10
Passant, 10
Patee, 10
Pheon, 10
Pile, 10
Pomme, 10
Quartered Arms, 10
Raguled, 10
Rampant, 10
Rampant Gardant, 10
Rampant Regardant, 10
Regardant, 10
Respectant, 10
Roundel, 10
Sable, 10
Salient, 10
Saltire, 11
Sejant, 11
Spread eagle, 11
Supporters, 11
Surmounted, 11
Tressure, 11
Herisson, 9
Herse, 10
Heuses, 10
Highlander, Scots (England), 28
Holdfasts, 19
Homme d’Armes, Lancer (1610), 29
Hoplitai, 25
Hoqueton, 10
Horse, 10
Horse and Harness, Artillery, 10
Horse Guard (England), 32
Hulans, 1745, 31
Hurdle, 7
Hussar, Belgium, 30
France, 1796 (Chamborin’s), 32
Implements, Artillery, 11
Ladle, 11
Lifting-jack, 11
Lifting-jack, 11
Lifting-jacks, 11
Pass-box, 11
Rammer, 11
Sponge and Rammer, 11
Springhead (Sponge), 11
Worm, 11
Infantry, 1572 (Charles IX.), 25
Louis XIV., 25
Negro (Brazil), 28
Of the Line (Austria), 28
Of the Line (Russia), 28
Of the Guard (Morocco), 28
Regular (Persia), 28
Tiger (China), 28
U. S. Foot-soldier, 1870, 27
Jack-boot, 11
Jambeaux (Ancient and Modern), 28
Jambes, 11
Javelins, 11
Joan of Arc, 25
Jupon, 11
Kalmuck, 30
Kettle-drum, 12
Knapsack, 12
Knight in Full Armor, 12
Knighthood, Conferring, 12
Knots, Hitches, Splices, etc., 11
Anchor Knot, 11
Becket Knot, 11
Bight, 11
Bight, 11
Blackwall, 11
Bowline, 11
Cable-laid Rope, 11
Capstan or Prolonge Knot, 11
Carrick Bend, 11
Catspaw, 11
Fisherman’s Bend, 11
Granny, 11
Grommet, 11
Hawser-laid Rope, 11
Hitch, Clove, 11
Hitch, Timber, 11
Hitch, Marlinespike, 11
Hitches, Two Half, 11
Hitches, Two Half, and a Round Turn, 11
Mooring Knot, 11
Nipper or Rack Lashing, 11
Parceling a Rope, 11
Pointing a Rope, 11
Rolling, 11
Sheet Bend, 11
Seizing a Rope, 11
Serving a Rope, 11
Sheepshank, 11
Splice, Eye, 11
Splice, Short, 11
Splice, Long, 11
Square, 11
Strap, 11
Whipping a Rope, 11
Worming a Rope, 11
Kriss, 12
Labarum, 12
Lancer (Egypt), 32
Lances, 13
Lances, Ancient, 23
Lansquenet, 26
Lanyard, Handle, and Hook, 12
Lashing and Slinging, 12
Lashing, 12
Lashing, Shear, 12
Slinging, Barrel, 12
Legatus, 25
Litters, 12
Army Regulation Two-horse Litter, 13
British Crimean Cacolet, 12
British Army Mule-litter, 12
French Litter unfolded, 12
Litter, 13
Litter of poles and raw-hide, 12
Lord and Baine’s Horse-litter, 12
Splint of willow-twigs united by buckskin thongs, 13
Two-horse Litter of the, 16th Century, 13
Wounded Soldier on a “Travail”, 12
Wounded Soldier conveyed on a Double-mule Litter, 13
Lochaber-axe, 12
Machette, 14
Machicolations, 13, 23
Maiden, 13
Mameluke Guards, 30
Mangonneau, 13
Manipule, 13
Mantelet, Ancient, 12
Mantelet, Gun, 13
Mantelet, Rope, 13
Maréchausée (France, 1786), 30
Marine of the Guard, 1804 (France), 27
Mars, 14
Marteau d’Armes, 14
Martello Tower (U. S., 1780), 13
Marteis-de-fer, 13
Masses d’Armes, 13
Mattock, 13
Merlons, 13
Miner, 1786 (England), 26
Minié-ball, 13
Mining, 24
Shaft with Cases, 24
Shaft with Frames, 24
Shaft, Hard Soil, 24
Galleries, Hard Soil, 24
False Frames, Use of, 24
Detonator, No. 5, 24
Detonator, No. 8, 24
Detonator, No. 9, 24
Detonator, No. 10, 24
Detonator, No. 13, 24
Fuze No. 1, 24
Fuze, Instantaneous (Bickford’s), 24
Tube, No. 4, 24
Fuzes in pairs, coupling up, 24
Fuzes in Powder-bag, Insertion of, 24
Quantity Dynamo-Electric Machine, 24
Circuit, Continuous, 24
Circuit, Simple, 24
Commencement of Three Way Joint, 24
Tube, Flexible, 24
Tube, Tin, 24
Miner’s Pick, 24
Push Pick, 24
Miner’s Shovel, 24
Miner’s Truck, 24
Candle-stick, 24
Bucket, 24
Bellows, 24
Spark Measurer, 24
Miquelet, 27
Mole, 13
Morion, 13
Musculas, 14th Century, 23
National Guard (Mexico), 28
Officer of the Guard (Prussia), 28
Ordnance, 14
Armstrong Gun (8-inch), 14
Cannon, 15th Century, 14
Cannon, 16th Century, 14
Cannon, 17th Century, 14
Carronade, 13
Caisson and Body, 17
Caisson and Limber, 15
Field-gun and Carriage, German, 15
Field-gun and Carriage, Swedish, 15
Forge and Body, Traveling-, 17
Flank Casemate-carriage, 15
Gatling Gun, 14
Gatling Gun on Cavalry Cart, 14
Gin, 15
Gun-lifts, 15
Gunner’s Quadrant, 17
Howitzer, 15
Howitzer and Carriage, Siege-, 14
Howitzer, German, 15
Krupp, 12-inch Gun and Carriage, 16
Limber, 17
Mortar, 14
Mortar, Coehorn, 14
Mortar, Russian, 14
Mortar and Carriage, Austrian, 14
Mortar and Carriage, Krupp, 15
Mortar-wagon, 16
Mortars, Pointing, 23
Sea-coast Carriage, 15
Shears, 16
Siege-gun-carriage, 15
Siege-gun and Carriage, 15
Siege-carriage, Austrian, 14
Sling-cart, 15
Sling-cart, Hand, 23
Star-gauge, 17
Truck Wagon, 14
Truck, Casemate, 15
Ball, U. S. Rifle, 15
Ball Chassépot, 16
Bullet, Percussion-, 16
Cartridge, Multi-ball, 16
Fixed Round-shot, 16
Fixed Canister, 16
Projectile, Krupp Howitzer, 16
Projectile, English Howitzer, 16
Projectile, Butler, 16
Projectile, Whitworth, 16
Sabot, 16
Strapped Shell, 16
Oriflamme, 17
Pack and Draught Animals, 18
Buffalo, 18
Camel, Bactrian, 18
Dromedary, 18
Dromedary and Saddle, 18
Elephant, 18
Horse, 18
Llama, 18
Mule, 18
Mule laden with pack on cross-tree saddle, 18
Pack-saddle, 18
Paludamentum, 25
Parallels, 23
Parthian, 26
Pavisor and Pavise, 18
Petard, 18
Pilum, 19
Piquier, 25
Pistolier, 17th Century, 31
Platform, Gun, 9
Plummet Stand, 18
Plummet Stand, 19
Pointing Instruments, 18
Pointing Mortars, 23
Pole-axes, 18
Poniard, 18
Portcullis, 19
Portuguese Legion, 27
Powder, 23
Cubical, 23
Hexagonal, 23
Mammoth, 23
Prismatic (Molded), 23
For 3-inch and 3¹⁄₂-inch Field Rifle, 23
Pretorian, 25
Pretorian, 29
Quiver, 20
Quoin, 20
Range-finder, Nolan’s, 20
Ravelin, 20
Rèchaud, 20
Redoubt, 20
Ribaud, 25
Ribaudequin, 23
Rivers, Means employed in passing, 19
Ponton, 19
Ponton-bridge, 19
Raft complete, 19
Raft, Log, 19
Flying Bridges, 19
Barrel Pier, 19
Roi d’Armes, 26
Rondelle, 20
Sabretache, 20
Saddle, 21
Salade, 5
Sapper of the “Legion of the Vistula”, 27
Sceptre, 20
Scorpion, 20
Scutum, 20
Semaphores, 20
Sepoy, 26
Shabracs, 1800-1850, 23
Shakos, 5
Shield, 20
Signal Pistol fired, 20
Signal Station, 20
Signal Station at Night, 20
Slinger, 21
Small-arms, 18
Air-gun, 18
Chassépot Rifle, 17
Martini-Henry Rifle, 17
Springfield Rifle, U. S., 18
Vitterlin Rifle, 17
Werndl Rifle, 17
Werder Carbine, 17
Werndl Carbine, 17
Pistolets, 16th and 18th Centuries, 18
Pistol, 1855, 18
Pistol, Werder, 18
Pistol, 18th Century, 18
Percussion-lock, 18
Revolver, Austrian, 18
Beach’s Combination Sight, 16
Lyman’s Combination Sight, 16
Chassépot Sight, 16
Globe Sight, 16
Martini-Henry Sight, 10
Wind-gauge (Spirit Level), 16
Wind-gauge and Sight, U. S., 16
Winchester Reversible Sight, 16
Soldier of the “Legion Copthe”, 26
Soldier Foot Legion (Roman), 25
Spahis, 30
Sparum, 20
Spear, 20
Spear-heads, 20
Spurs, 20
Standard, 21
Standard, Pacha’s, 21
Stirrup, 18th Century, 21
Strappado, 20
Stylets, 20
Swiss Captain (1550), 26
Swords, 20
Tabard, 22
Tangent Scale, 21
Target, Floating, 21
Target, Laidley’s Shelter, 21
Targets, 21
Tasses, or Tasces, 21
Telegraph (Electric Field), 21
Telemeter, 22
Telemeter, for Field and Mountain Batteries, 22
Telemeters, 22
Tents, 23
“A,” or Common Tent, 22
Bell-tent, 22
Cushing’s Shelter-tent, 22
Pole (open), 22
Pole (shut), 22
Conical Tent (France), 22
Hospital Tent (Russian), 22
Roman Tents, 23
Shelter-tent, 22
Sibley Tent, 23
Sibley Wall-tent, 23
Tent-d’abri (France), 22
Wall-tent, 22
Tirailleur, Native (Algeria), 27
Toga, 21
Tollenon, 21
Tomahawks, 21
Tortue d’Hommes, 22
Tour Bélière, 22
Tower, 21
Tower, Watch-, 21
Trajectory, 22
Tribune, Military (Roman), 25
Trident, 21
Tromblon, 23
Trumpet, 22
Unicorn, 23
Velite, 25
Velite, 1807, 25
Vexilla, 29
Vexilla, 23
Vireton, 23
Vivandière, 26
Vivandière, 1809 (France), 30
Wahabees, 29
Wigwam, 22
Zagaie, 23
Zouaves (France), 27

Ambulance.

Abatis.

Arquebuse.

Amusette.

Anlace.

Acinace.

AIMING KNEELING.

AIMING, WITH AN OVERHEAD REST.

Arbalest.

Arch.

A SAND-BAG REST.

Aillettes.

Aparejo.

Aqueduct.

Broadsword.

Battering Ram.

Blunderbuss.

Busby.

Bascule Bridge.

Alman-rivets.

Arbalest.

Beaver.

Battlement.

Battle-ax.

Block-house.

Bagpipe.]

Block-house.

Block-house.

_Bill Hook, 1 lb 12 oz. 1′ 4¹⁄₂″_

Bastion. A. bastion; _a_, curtain angle; _b_, shoulder angle; _c_, salient angle; _a a_, gorge; _a b_, flank; _a d_, curtain; _b c_, face.

Gatling Blind.

Barricade.

Bucklers. 1. Targe. 2. Franc.

Bridle.

_Trestle Bridge._

Trestle Bridge.

BULLET-PROOF GATE.

Trestle Bridge.

Lashing.

Frame Bridge.

Sling Bridge.

Tension Bridge.

Frame Bridge.

Suspension Bridge.

Holdfasts.

Suspension Bridge.]

Baril-foudroyant.

Barbacan.

Battery-wagon.

Blood Hound.

Balloon.

Banners.

Bastinado.

Bayonets, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries

Bar-shot.

Baldrick.

Breech-sight.

Buskin.

Bugle.

Bourguignote.

Ballista.

Bridge. _a a_, _a a_, bateaux; _b b_, _b_, _b_, balks; _c_, _c_, chesses.

Braconnière.

Boomerang.

Brassard.

Bandoulière.

Bartizan.

Bombs.

Blocks and Tackles. _Whip._ _Whip upon Whip._ _Gun tackle._ _Luff._ _Screw._ _Runner._ _Burton._

Bomb proof.

Back-plate.

Braquemart.]

Castle. 1, moat; 2 drawbridge; 3, wicket; 4, sally-port; 5, portcullis; 6, outer walls; 7, parapet; 8, rampart; 9, loop-holes; 10, escutcheon; 11, bulwark; 12, sentinel; 13, magazine; 14, a cell; 15, donjon or keep; 16, barracks; 17, barbacan; 18, watchman; 19, turret; 20, chapel; 21, belfry; 22, state court; 23, merlons; 24, embrasures.

Casemate.

Créneaux.

Caligae.

Colors.

Carbine, 17th century.

Diameter.

Coat of Mail.

Cheval de frise.

Cnémides.

Clunaculum.

Drum.

CASSE-TÊTE.

Cimeterre.

Decoration.

Dart.

Drawbridge.

Dangerous Space. A, B, E, F, Trajectories. (Laidley)

Dagger.

Donjon.

Espingole.

Epaulette.

Embrasures.

Daggers.

Ecu.

Echaugette.

Device.

Dagues.]

Catapult.

Canteen.

Chapeau Bras.

Coat of Mail.

Cartridge-box.

Cartridge.

Chain shot.

Cuirass.

Carreau.

Cutlass.

Castellated.

Candjiar turc.

Casque.

Colletin.

Canister.

Caltrop.

Head-piece.

Crow’s Foot.

CASQUES GRECS. 3. Lacédémonien. 1. Béotien. 2. Athénien.

CIMIER.

CHAPEAUX MILITAIRES: Henri II. Henri III. François I^{er}. Louis XIV. Louis XV. Louis XIII.

CASQUES ROMAINS ET DACES. 3. Dace. 1. D’infanterie. 2. De cavalerie.

Corselet.

Cabasset.

Helmet, Barred.

CASQUES DE CAVALERIE. Cuirassier de la garde. Carabinier. Dragon de la ligne.

Catapulta.

Sallet, or Salade.

Claymore.

U. S. Helmet.

Cross-bow.

Corium.

Cat-o-nine-tails.

Schakos.

Mural Crown.]

_Rear Elevation._ _Fascine Revet^{t}._ _Gabion Revet^{t}._ _For high angles_ Embrasures.

Wire Entanglement.

Embrasure. A, A. Merlons. B, Genouillere. C C, Cheeks.

Fireball.

Embrasure lining of boiler iron, with mantelet.

Espadon.

Roman Eagles.

Foil.

_Fascine._

Fasces.

_Rear Elevation._ _Section._ FASCINE BLIND.

Francisques.

_Time fuze._

Fire-arrow.

Friction Tube.

Falarique.

Percussion Fuze. (English G. S.)

Percussion Fuze.

Time Fuze.

Bormann-fuze.

German Time Fuze.

Percussion Fuze. (English G. S.)

Swiss Combination Fuze.

TRENCHES.

Gun Pit.

Military Pits.

Defence (Hedges).

_Escarp_ Fraises.

Defence (Screen).

Defence (Walls).]

_Gabion Knife._

Defence (Wall).

Defence (Stockades).

Log Stockade.

LOG LOOPHOLE.

Brushwood Loophole.

Sandbag Loophole.

FASCINE STOCKADE.

Breastwork.

Breastwork.

Breastwork.

Palisades.

Gun or Gatling-port in Stockade.

_Fascine Trestle._

_Withe._

_Fascine Choker._

Hurdle.

Gabion.

Gabions. Facines. Sods. Brushwood. Sandbags. Revetments.

Profile.

Lunette.

Field-works.]

Ditch, Glacis, Parapet, and Trench.

Field-works.

Star Fort.

Bastioned Fort.

Field-works.

MAGAZINE.

Cremaillere.

Shoulder Caponniere.

_Plan of_ MAGAZINE

ESCARP GALLERY

Lunette (Defence of Bridge.)

GUN ‘EN BARBETTE’ ON STRAIGHT PARAPET.

_The Excavations supply Earth for the Gun Bank and Banquettes in front of them: the earth for ordinary Parapet in front of Crest comes from Ditch._

Keep.

Splinter-proof.

Gun Bank.

Keep.

Traverse.

Field Casemate.]

EARTHEN RETRENCHMENT.

GROUND PLATFORM.

MAGAZINE IN A TRAVERSE.

Shell-proof.

Caponniere.

Gadling.

Tambour.

Gauntlet.

Gorget.

Grape.

Grenade and Fuse.

Tambour.

Grenadier

Fusils: Marocain. Indien.

Star of Garter.

Gladiator.

Guisarme.

Collar of Garter.

Guillotine.

Haversack.

Haches d’armes.

Gong.

Flèches diverses.

Herisson.

Hauberk.

Manoeuvring Handspike.]

Artillery Horses and Harness. 1. Ears; 2. Nape of the neck; 3. Forelock; 4. Foretop; 5. Eye-pit; 6. Eyes; 7. Face; 8. Cheeks; 9. Nostrils; 10. Tip of nose; 11. Lips; 12. Chin; 13. Beard; 14. L’auge; 15. Nether jaw; 16. Throat; 17. L’encolure; 18. Mane; 19. Withers; 20. Chest; 21. Shoulders; 22. Arm; 23. Fore-arm; 24. Elbow; 25. Chesnut; 26. Knees; 27. Shank-bone; 28. Sinew; 29. Bullet; 30. Fetlock; 31. Pastern; 32. Coronet; 33. Hoof; 34. Fetlock of the hind leg; 35. Heel; 36. Toe; 37. Back; 38. Loins; 39. Girths; 40. Ribs; 41. Belly; 42. Flanks; 43. Sheath; 44. Croup; 45. Tail; 46. Rump; 47. Haunches; 48. Thighs; 49. Leg; 50. Stiffle; 51. Hock; 52. Point of the hock.

1, Halter; 2, Crown-piece; 3, Cheek-strap; 4, Brow-band; 5, Nose-band; 6, Chin-strap; 7, Throat-strap; 8, Throat-lash. Bridles, composed of Head-stall, Curb-bit, and Reins. 9, Near Saddle; 10, Girth; 11, Collar; 12, Hames; 13, Chin and Toggle; 14, Safes; 15, Trace-tugs; 16, Trussing-straps; 17, Hame-strap; 18, Collar-strap; 19, Traces; 20, Front-trace chains; 21, Rear-trace chains; 22, Trace-toggles; 23, Lion-strap, Crupper, including 24, Back-strap; 25, Body; 26, Dock. Breeching, including 27, Breech-strap; 28, Hip-strap; 29, Breast-strap; 30, Sliding-loops; 31, Off Saddle; 32, Hook for Reins and Valise-strap; 33, Valise, Coupling-rein, Whip, Leg-guard, and Nose-bag.

Hoqueton.

Halberds.

Herse.

Fleur-de-lis.

Heuses.

Inescutcheon.

Pale.

Passant.

Patee.

Pheon.

Pile.

Paly.

Party per Pale.

Pommé.

Quartered Arms.

Raguled.

Rampant.

Rampant gardant.

Rampant regardant.

Eagle recursant.

Regardant.

Respectant.

Roundel.

Sable.

Salient.

Fanciful Variations of the Shield.]

Lion statant.

Spread-eagle.

Saltier.

Sejant.

Norman Shield.

Lozenge Shield.

Supporters.

Surmounted.

Tressure.

Sponge and Rammer.

Springhead Sponge.

Rammer.

Ladle.

Worm.

Pass box.

Lifting Jacks.

Lifting-jack.

Jambes.

Jupon.

Lifting-jack.

Jack-boot.

_Capstan or Prolonge Knot._

Javelins.

EYE SPLICE.

_Mooring Knot._

GROMMET.

NIPPER OR RACK LASHING.

MARLINSPIKE HITCH.

SHEEP SHANK.

TWO HALF HITCHES.

CLOVE HITCH.

BOWLINE.

_Short Splice._

_Long Splice._

ROUND TURN AND TWO HALF HITCHES.

GRANNY.

SQUARE.

POINTING.

BLACKWALL. TIMBER HITCH.

ROLLING.

CATSPAW. FISHERMAN BEND.

HAWSER LAID ROPE.

SHEET BEND.

CABLE LAID ROPE.

STRAP.

WHIPPING.

SERVICE. WORKING. PARCELLING.

_Becket Knot._

CARRICK BEND.

_Anchor Knot._

~A~ BIGHT.

~THE~ BIGHT.]

_Lashing._ _Seizing._

_Shear Lashing._

_Lanyard and Handle._

_Barrel Sling._

_Wound in S^{t}. Andrew’s Cross._

_Hook._

Conferring Knighthood.

Knight in full Armor.

Knapsack.

Kettle-drum.

Lochaber Ax.

Wounded soldier on a “travail.” [From a photograph.]

Labarum.

LORD and BAINES’S horse-litter.

Kris.

French litière unfolded.

British army mule-litter attached to its pack-saddle.

British Crimean cacolet. [After WEIR.]

Litter of poles and raw-hide.]

Wounded soldier conveyed on a double mule-litter. [From a photograph.]

Splint of willow-twigs united by buckskin thongs.

Army regulation two-horse-litter. [From a sample in the Army Medical Museum.]

Two-horse litter of the XVI century.

_Rear Elevation_ _Section_ ROPE MANTLET.

Litter.

Gun Mantelet.

Lances.

Mantelet ancien.

Môle.

Martels-de-fer.

Mattock.

Minie-ball.

Manipule.

_m_, _m_ Merlons.

Machicolation.

Morion.

Martello Tower. (U. S. 1780.)

Maiden.

Mangonneau.

Masses d’armes.]

Marteau d’armes.

Machette.

Cannon. 15th Century.

Cannon. 16th Century.

Mars.

Cannon. 17th Century.

Siege Howitzer and Carriage.

Mortar.

Gatling Gun.

Coehorn Mortar.

Austrian Siege-carriage.

Armstrong gun. (_8-inch._)

Gatling Gun on Cavalry Cart.

TRUCK WAGON.

Austrian Mortar and Carriage.

Russian Mortar.]

Siege-gun-carriage, A, bolster.

Sea coast-carriage, for Casemate or Barbette.

Krupp Mortar and Carriage.

Caisson and Limber.

Field-gun and Carriage. (German.)

Flank Casemate-carriage.

Gun-lifts.

Gin.

Sling-Cart.

Siege-gun and Carriage. _N^{o}. 1. Ferrule._ _N^{o}. 2. Pole clasp._ _N^{o}. 3. Pole._ _N^{o}. 4. Trace hook._ _N^{o}. 5. Lashing chain._ _N^{o}. 6. Pintle._ _N^{o}. 7. Under strap._ _N^{o}. 8. Strap and buckle._ _N^{o}. 9. Splinter bar._ _N^{o}. 10. Fork._

Carronade Truck.

Carronade.

Howitzer (German.)

Field-gun and Carriage. (Swedish.)

Howitzer.]

Mortar Wagon. _N^{o}. 1 Middle rails (stock)._ _N^{o}. 2 Side rails._ _N^{o}. 3 Bottom planks._ _N^{o}. 4 Windlass._ _N^{o}. 5 Breech buster._ _N^{o}. 6 Stake sockets._ _N^{o}. 7 Roller hooks._ _N^{o}. 8 Fork._ _N^{o}. 9 Hounds._ _N^{o}. 10 Splinter bar._ _N^{o}. 11 Pole._ _N^{o}. 12 Sweep bar._ _N^{o}. 13 End bands._ _N^{o}. 14 Middle bands._ _N^{o}. 15 Trace hooks._ _N^{o}. 16 Front cross bar plate._ _N^{o}. 17 Rear cross bar plate._ _N^{o}. 18 Pintle bridle and nuts._

Sheers.

Krupp Howitzer Projectile.

English Howitzer Projectile.

Krupp. 12-inch Gun and Carriage.

Fixed Round Shot.

Fixed Canister.

Strapped Shell.

Sabot.

U. S. Rifle Ball.

Butler’s Projectile.

Whitworth Projectile.

Chassapot Ball.

Multiball Cartridge.

Wind-gauge (Spirit level).

Globe Sight.

Percussion-bullet.

Beach Combination Sight.

Martini-Henry Sight.

Lyman’s Combination Sight.

Winchester Reversible Sight.

U. S. Wind-gauge and Sight.

Chassapot Sight.]

Caisson and Body. 1, Stock; 2, Side-rails; 3, Front Foot-board; 4, Rear Foot-board; 5, Middle-chest; 6, Rear-chest. 7, Spare-wheel Axle; 8, Chain and Toggle; 9, Lock-chains; 10, Spare-pole; 11, Spare-pole Key, Plate, Chain, and Pin; 12, Carriage-hook; 13, Wheel-guard Plates; 14, Spare-pole Ring; 15, Ring-bolt; 16, Key-plate, Chain and Key; 17, Middle Assembling-bar; 18, Slot; 19, Rear Assembling-bar; 20, Slot. Axle. 21, Axle-body; 22, Staples for Tool-handles; Wheels.

Oriflamme.

Star-guage.

Chassapot.

Werder Carbine.

Werndl Carbine.

Werndl.

Gunner’s Quadrant.

Travelling-forge and Body. 1, Lunette; 2, Prop; 3, Vice; 4, Stock; 5, wheel-guard, Plates; 6, Stock-stirrup; 7, Fire-place; 8, Back of Fire-place; 9, Air-back; 10, Wind-pipe; 11, Bellows; 12. Ribs; 13, Hinges; 14, Hook; 15, Fulcrum; 16, Hook and Staple; 17, Roof of Bellows-house; 18, Bows; 19, Studs; 20, Girders; 21, End-boards; 22, Bottom-boards; 23, Side-rail; 24, Lock-chain Hook; 25, Coal-box; 26, Lid or Roof; 27, Handles; 28, Hinges; 29, Turnbuckle and Hasp.

Vitterlin.

Martini-Henry.]

U. S. Springfield Rifle.

Air-gun.

Austrian Revolver.

Werder Pistol.

Pistol 18th Century.

Pistolets. 2. 18th Century 1. 16th Century.

Pistol, 1855.

Pétard.

Llama.

Dromedary.

Bactrian Camel.

Elephant.

Dromedary and Saddle.

Pack-saddle.

Horse.

Buffalo.

Mule.

Poniard.

Pendulum Hause.

Mule laden with pack on cross-tree saddle.

Palisade.

Percussion-lock.

Pole-axes.

Pavisor and Pavise.

Pointing Instruments.]

Pilum.

Calumet or Pipe of Peace.

Portcullis.

PLUMMET STAND.

MEANS EMPLOYED IN PASSING RIVERS.

Ponton-bridge. _a._ side view of ponton; _b._ end view of ponton joists, flooring plank and timbers fastened upon flooring to keep it in place; _c._ plan of pontons; _d._ plan of flooring joists; _f._ plan of flooring boards, with timbers thereon, near side of floor, to keep it in place.

Ponton.

Ponton.

_Raft Complete._

Log Raft.

Flying Bridge.

Flying Bridge.

Holdfasts.

_Barrel Pier._

_Method of lashing Barrels to Gunnels._]

Quoin.

Quiver.

Rondelle.

Ravelin.

BB, ravelin: A redoubt; CC, ditch: E, passage from fortress to ravelin.

Redoubt.

Ravelin. A.A. bastions; _b b_, curtain; _c c_, tenailles; _d d_, caponniere; _e_, ravelin; F redoubt in the ravelin; _g g_, covert way; _h h_, re-entering places of arms; _i i_, redoubt in do.; _k k_, ditch; _l l_, ditch or ravelin; _m m_, _m m_, glacis; _s s_, exterior side; _s t_, capital.

Réchaud.

Nolan’s Range Finder.

Spear.

Spearheads.

Spurs.

Swords. 1, Saxon sceax; 2, English hanger, old form; 3, rapier, about 33 inch blade; 4, Eastern cimeter; 5, cut and thrust sword, 30 to 32 inch blade; 6, saber, or cavalry broadsword, 33 to 36 inch blade; 7, heavy cavalry broadsword, 40 inch blade; 8, claymore, or Scotch broadsword, with basket hilt, 40 inch blade; 9, falchion; 10, 11, navy cutlasses, 18 or 20 inch blade; 12, hari-kari, or Japanese disemboweler.

Scutum.

Sabretache.

Scorpion.

Stylets.

Strappado.

Sparum.

Signal Station at Night.

Signal Pistol fired.

Signal station.

Shield.

Scepter.

Semaphores.]

Telegraph (Electric Field).

Saddle. 1, Saddle-tree, including Pommel; 2, Seat; 3, Cantle; 4, Stirrups; 5, Stirrup-leathers; 6, Girth; 7, Girth-straps.

Standard.

Pasha’s Standard.

Stirrup 18th Century.

Tomahawks.

Tangent-scale.

Slinger.

Tasses or Taces.

Tower.

Watch-tower.

TARGETS.

Trident.

Floating Target.

Tollénon.

Toga.

IRON TARGET LAIDLEY’S SHELTER.]

Trumpet.

Tortue d’Hommes.

Tour bélière.

Tabard.

Trajectory. _Line of Fire._ _Trajectory._ _Line of Sight._

Telemeter. Field and Mountain.

“A” or Common Tent.

Wigwam.

Cushing’s Shelter Tent.

Telemeters.

Telemeter.

Pole Shut.

Pole Open.

Bell Tent.

Shelter Tent.

Wall Tent.

Conical Tent (France).

Tent-d’abri (France).

Russian Hospital Tent.]

Sibley Tent.

Roman Tents.

Sibley Wall Tent.

Vireton.

Zagaie.

MISCELLLANEOUS.

Machicolation.

Vexilla.

Hand Sling Cart.

Gabionnade.

Parallels.

Ancient. Modern. Jambeaux.

Fleaux d’armes.

Pointing Mortars.

Lances, ancient.

Ribaudequin.

Musculus, 14th Century.

Tromblon,

Unicorn

1800. Shabracks. 1850.

Powder, 3-in. and 3¹⁄₂-in. Field Rifle.

Cubical Powder.

Prismatic Powder.

Hexagonal Powder.

Mammoth Powder.]

MINING.

_Shaft with Cases._

_Shaft with Frames._

_Galleries, Hard soil._

_Shaft, Hard Soil._

_Use of False Frame._

_Section on A.B._

COMMENCEMENT OF THREE-WAY JOIN.

INSERTION OF FUZES IN POWDER BAG.

_Spark Measurer._

CASE. _For Wire Fuzes._ Quantity Dynamo-Electric Machine.

_Continuous Circuit._

_Simple Circuit._

_Push Pick, 3lbs. 6oz._

_Miner’s Shovel, 6lbs. 4oz._

_Miner’s Pick, 6 lbs._

Miner’s Truck, 50 lbs.

_Candle-stick. 3¹⁄₂ oz._ _Fig. 5._

_Bucket._

_Flexible Tube._

_Tin Tube._

COUPLING UP FUZES IN PAIRS.

_Bellows, 15 lbs._

_N^{o}. 4 Tube._

_N^{o}. 13 Detonator._

_N^{o}. 5 Detonator._

_N^{o}. 9 Detonator, Naval._

_N^{o}. 1 Fuze._

_N^{o}. 10 Naval._

_Bickford’s Instantaneous Fuze._

_N^{o}. 8 Bickford Detonator._]

Tribune, Military. (Roman).

Legatus.

Velite.

Velite, 1807.

Joan of Arc.

Ribaud.

Pretorian.

Hoplitai.

Arbaletrier.

Soldier Foot Legion (Roman).

Paludamentum.

Piquier.

Infantry, 1572 (Charles IX.).

Infantry (Louis XIV.)]

Parthian.

Roi d’armes.

Lansquenet.

Brigantes.

Swiss Captain (1550).

Halberdier (1534).

Soldier of the “Legion Cophte.”

Bersaglieri.

Miner (1786).

Vivandière.

Cannonier (Louis XIV.).

Artificer of Artillery, 1756 (France).

Grenadier, 1690 (England).

Sepoy.]

Marine of the Guard, 1804 (France).

Gendarme, Foot, 1824 (France).

Zouaves (France).

Chasseur, Foot, 1862 (France).

Foot Artillery Line (France).

Miquelet.

Tirailleur, Native (Algeria).

Chasseur, Foot. (Louis XV.).

Sapper of the Legion of the Vistula.

Portuguese Legion.

Drum-major of the French Guards (1786).

Drum-major of the Grenadiers of the Guard (France 1813).

Archers, 1470 (France).

Dragoon, Sepoy.

U. S. Foot Soldier (1870).]

Chasseur (Bavaria).

Grenadier (Belgium).

Infantry of the Line (Austria).

Chasseur, Tyrolean (Austria).

Carabineer (Italy).

National Guard. (Mexico).

Scots Highlander. (England).

Regular Infantry. (Persia).

Fantassin of the Nizam.

Infantry of the Line. (Russia).

Officer of the Guard. (Prussia).

Fantassin (Japan).

Infantry, Negro. (Brazil).

Infantry, Tiger (China).

Infantry of the Guard (Morocco).

American Indians.]

Argoulet.

Amazon.

Caparison.

Homme d’Armes. Lancer (1610).

Pretorian.

Gendarme (1453).

Roman Cavalry.

Wahabees.

Vexilla.]

Hussar (Belgium).

Chasseur, Algerian.

Marechaussee. (France, 1786).

Cornet of Light Cavalry (Louis XIII.).

Kalmuck.

Vivandière, 1809 (France).

Mameluke Guards.

Spahis.

Cossacks.]

Fusilier, Mounted. (Louis XIII.).

Hulans, 1745.

U. S. Cavalry.

Ban, Arriere (France).

Greek Cavalry Ancient.

Pistolier, 17th Century.

Carabineer, Louis XIV. (France.)

Chasseurs of the Guard, Mounted (France, 1862).

Regular Cavalry. (China).]

Dragoon. (Switzerland).

Cuirassier. (Prussia).

Cavalry, 18th Century. (France).

Guide. (Belgium).

Lancer. (Egypt).

Hussar (Chamborin’s). France, 1796.

Horse Guard. (England).

Dragoon (Austria).

BAVIÈRE. Cavalry. (Bavaria).]

ESTABLISHED 1815.

Horstmann Bros. & Co.,
~_Fifth and Cherry Streets_,~
PHILADELPHIA.

MANUFACTURERS OF
Military Goods and Equipments
OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS, FOR THE
ARMY, NAVY, AND MARINE CORPS.

NEW REGULATION
CORK AND FELT HELMETS.
FLAGS, BANNERS, Etc.

☛ SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. ☚

Horstmann Bros. & Co.,
PHILADELPHIA.

NEW ENGLAND
Mutual Life Insurance Company
OF BOSTON.

The attention of Officers of the Army and Navy is
directed to the following:

Assets $15,941,879.40
Liabilities 13,352,918.88
--------------
Total Surplus $2,588,960.52

This Company insures the lives of Officers of the Army and Navy without extra premium, except when actually engaged in warfare, which premium, if not paid at the assumption of the extra risk, _will not invalidate the policy_, but will be a lien upon it; and also gives liberty of residence and travel, on service, in all countries, at all seasons of the year, without extra charge.

THE DIRECTORS’ ANNUAL REPORT, containing a detailed statement, can be obtained at the

_Office of the Company_,
BENJ. F. STEVENS, President. POST-OFFICE SQUARE.
JOS. M. GIBBENS, Secretary.

SEEDS
FOR
POST GARDENS.

Profitable Gardening depends first of all upon procuring SEEDS of VITALITY and PURITY. Such can be had from OUR ESTABLISHMENT. We ever have been the oldest and most extensive

SEED GROWERS AND SEED MERCHANTS

IN THE UNITED STATES.

We cordially invite all interested to visit and critically inspect our SEED FARMS, feeling confident that the areas, varied soils and climates, systems of cultivation, drying houses, steam machinery, implements and appurtenances generally, will demonstrate our ability to produce larger, more varied, and better stock than any other party in the Seed Trade. We have always been by far

The Largest Producers of Garden Seeds in America.

Our farms do not exist upon paper, but can be found by any inquirer; and in the selection of stocks and systems of culture we have as a firm the advantages of very NEARLY A CENTURY OF EXPERIENCE. Our farms are situated at

_BRISTOL, Bucks Co., Pa._

_MANITOWOC, Manitowoc Co., Wis._

_BURLINGTON, Burlington Co., N. J._

_MONASKON, Lancaster Co., Va._

The whole comprising a total of _1574 Acres_, owned, occupied, and cultivated by ourselves. Upon these lands we have applied in a single season $20,000 worth of purchased fertilizers, a fact which exhibits the magnitude of our operations.

THE STOCK SEEDS

from which all our crops are grown on all the farms are produced on Bloomsdale, the Pennsylvania farm, and under the daily scrutiny of the proprietors, are thoroughly culled of all departures from the true types, and produce crops of such purity of strain as to warrant us in declaring that _none are Superior and few Equal_!

Commanders of Government Posts who favor us with their orders can rely upon being supplied upon most liberal terms.

_HORTICULTURAL REQUISITES._

Post Farmers, Gardeners, or Florists desiring Tools or Appliances for the Field, Garden, or Hot House, will, upon application to us, be promptly furnished with Prices which, upon examination, will be found as low as those of other dealers.

BOOKS--250 DISTINCT PUBLICATIONS

upon the subjects of the Breeding and Management of Horses, Cattle, Sheep. Swine, Poultry, Bees, and upon the Culture of Cotton, Tobacco, Flax, Roses, and Bedding Plants; upon Irrigation, Drainage, Horticultural Architecture, Forestry--everything that a Farmer or Gardener is interested in--_at Publishers’ Prices_--Postage Paid.

_Send for our Catalogues of Books, Bulbous Roots, Seeds, Tools, Garden Ornaments. We publish Catalogues of Seeds in English, German, Swedish, and Spanish._

These Catalogues will be furnished gratuitously
upon application.

DAVID LANDRETH & SONS,
Seed Growers,
PHILADELPHIA.

R. & J. BECK.

R. & J. BECK, Manufacturing Opticians,
_1016 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia_,

Beg to call the attention of Officers of the Army and Navy to their unrivaled stock of

FIELD GLASSES, OPERA GLASSES, TELESCOPES, MICROSCOPES, CLINICAL THERMOMETERS, BAROMETERS, COMPASSES, SPECTACLES, Of the Highest Grades at Lowest Prices.

THE GEM is the most Compact, Portable, and Powerful Field, Marine, and Opera Glass ever constructed. It is very largely in use in the Army, and we refer by permission to numerous officers using it. _Can be sent by mail._

Illustrated Catalogue, 176 pages, mailed free to any part of the world.

AMERICAN
LIFE INSURANCE CO.
OF PHILADELPHIA,
S. E. Corner of Fourth and Walnut.

_INCORPORATED 1850. CHARTER PERPETUAL._

Assets, January 1, 1881 - $3,431,813.05

GEORGE W. HILL, President. JOHN S. WILSON, Secretary and
Treasurer.

WEBSTER’S UNABRIDGED.

THE NATIONAL STANDARD.

Contains over 118,000 Words, 3000 Engravings; over 4600 NEW WORDS and MEANINGS.

Also contains a NEW BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY of over 9700 NAMES.

_Recommended_ by State Superintendents of Schools in =36= States, and by =50= College Presidents.

There have been =32,000= Webster’s Unabridged placed in the Public Schools of the United States.

Every State purchase of Dictionaries for the Schools has been of Webster.

The Books in the Public Schools of the United States are mainly based on Webster.

The _sale of Webster’s Dictionaries_ is =20= times as great as the sale of any other series.

“_January 1, 1881._ The Dictionary used in the Government Printing Office is Webster’s Unabridged.”

Published by G. & C. MERRIAM, Springfield, Mass.

Assets, $7,250,000. Surplus, $1,500,000.

THE PENN MUTUAL
Life Insurance Company
OF PHILADELPHIA.

Purely Mutual. Incorporated 1847.

Has age and stability; is purely mutual, liberal, and progressive; solid and vigorous, wide-awake and well-managed; securities all first-class; estimates its liabilities upon the severest standard known to the law,--four per cent.; has a relatively greater surplus than others; and is a non-contesting company.

STATEMENT OF POLICY NOW IN FORCE.

Policy No. 36, for $5000, on the life of Henry C. T----d, Esq., was issued July 13, 1847, at age 26, annual premium, $105.50.

To this date (1880) thirty-four premiums have been paid,
aggregating $3587.00
Dividends have been allowed, in reduction of premium,
amounting to 1992.69
--------
Net cost to the member $1594.31

AVERAGE DIVIDEND OVER FIFTY-FIVE PER CENT.

The actual cash paid in thirty-four years, as above $1594.31
Equal to an average annual payment, for $5000 insurance, of 46.89
Per year, for $1000 insurance $9.37

ALL “PENN” POLICIES NON-FORFEITABLE.

SAMUEL C. HUEY, President.
E. M. NEEDLES, } Vice-Presidents.
H. S. STEPHENS, }
J. J. BARKER, Actuary.
HENRY AUSTIE, Secretary.
HENRY C. BROWN, Ass’t Secretary.

VALUABLE WORKS FOR MILITARY MEN

RIFLE FIRING.

A Course of Instruction in Rifle Firing. Prepared by command of Brigadier-General S. V. BENÉT, Chief of Ordnance, U.S.A. By Colonel T. S. LAIDLEY, Ordnance Department, U.S.A. With numerous Illustrations. _New and Revised Edition_, 16mo. Extra cloth. $1.50.

“Its every page bears the mark of a high degree of professional ability, earnestly directed to the development of the subject.”--_United Service Magazine._

MEADE’S NAVAL CONSTRUCTION.

A Treatise on Naval Architecture and Ship-Building; or, An Exposition of the Elementary Principles involved in the Science and Practice of Naval Construction. Compiled from various Standard Authorities. By Commander RICHARD W. MEADE, U.S.N. Fully Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Extra cloth. $10.00.

LIFE OF STONEWALL JACKSON.

Life of General Thomas J. Jackson. By S. N. RANDOLPH, author of “The Domestic Life of Thomas Jefferson.” With Illustrations. Crown 8vo. Extra cloth. $2.00.

LIFE OF GENERAL THOMAS.

Life and Services of Major-General George H. Thomas. By General R. W. JOHNSON, U.S.A. Illustrated with Portraits of Distinguished Officers from Steel. Crown 8vo. Extra cloth. $2.00.

THE FIELD MANUAL OF COURTS-MARTIAL.

By Captain HENRY COPPEE. _Second Edition, Revised._ 18mo. Extra cloth. $1.00.

THE COMPANY CLERK.

By Major-General AUG. V. KAUTZ. 12mo. Extra cloth. $1.25.

CUSTOMS OF SERVICE FOR ARMY OFFICERS,

As Derived from Law and Regulations, and Practiced in the United States Army. By Major-General A. V. KAUTZ. 18mo. Fine cloth. $1.25.

CUSTOMS OF SERVICE FOR NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS,

As Derived from Law and Regulations, and Practiced in the United States Army. By Major-General A. V. KAUTZ. 18mo. Cloth. $1.25.

ORDNANCE MANUAL.

The Ordnance Manual, for the use of Officers of the Army and others. _Third Edition._ Fully Illustrated with Engravings on Steel. Demi 8vo. Extra cloth. $3.00.

⁂ For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent by mail, postage prepaid, on receipt of the price by

J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., Publishers,
715 and 717 Market St., Philadelphia.

VALUABLE MILITARY WORKS,
_Published by D. VAN NOSTRAND_,
23 MURRAY & 27 WARREN STS., NEW YORK.

A Treatise on Military Law,

And the Jurisdiction, Constitution, and Proceedings of Military Courts, with a Summary of the Rules of Evidence as applicable to such Courts. By Lieut. R. A. Ives, U. S. Army. 1 vol. 8vo. Law sheep. $4.00.

Hotchkiss and Allan’s Battle of Chancellorsville.

THE BATTLE-FIELDS OF VIRGINIA. Chancellorsville, embracing the Operations of the Army of Northern Virginia, from the First Battle of Fredericksburg to the Death of Lieut.-Gen. T. J. Jackson. By JED. HOTCHKISS and WILLIAM ALLAN. Illustrated with Five Maps and Portrait of Stonewall Jackson. 8vo. Cloth. $3.50.

Stevens’s Three Years in the Sixth Corps.

THREE YEARS IN THE SIXTH CORPS. A Concise Narrative of Events in the Army of the Potomac from 1861 to the Close of the Rebellion, April, 1865. By GEO. T. STEVENS, Surgeon of the Seventy-seventh Regiment New York Volunteers. Illustrated with Seventeen Engravings and Six Steel Portraits. New and Revised Edition. 8vo. Cloth. $3.00.

Jomini’s Grand Military Operations.

TREATISE ON GRAND MILITARY OPERATIONS. Illustrated by a Critical and Military History of the Wars of Frederick the Great. With a Summary of the Most Important Principles of the Art of War. By BARON DE JOMINI. Illustrated by Maps and Plans. Translated from the French by Col. S. B. HOLABIRD, A.D.C., U. S. Army. 2 vols., 8vo, and Atlas. Cloth. $15.00. Half calf or morocco. $21.00. Half Russia. $22.50.

Send for Catalogue of Military and Naval Books. Copies of the above books sent free by mail on receipt of price.

PENNSYLVANIA
Military Academy
CHESTER, PENNA.

Courses of Instruction:
~Civil and Mining Engineering,
Chemistry, Classics,
and English.~

DEGREES CONFERRED.

COL. THEO. HYATT,
President.

COMPOUND OXYGEN.

_For the Cure of Consumption, Asthma, Bronchitis, Catarrh, Dyspepsia, Headache, Ozœna, Debility, and all Chronic and Nervous Disorders, by a Natural Process of Revitalization._

A REMARKABLE RESULT.

We are constantly meeting with new and singular results from the administration of Compound Oxygen. Witness the following, in the sudden penetration of the air into a collapsed lung. A gentleman in Pleasantville, Iowa, writing under date of October 10, 1880, says:

“My daughter had not been confined to her bed, but for the past twelve years had not been able to inhale much air in her left lung, in consequence of congestion, owing to overheating. She was unable to stand heat, and she was liable to sinking and smothering spells; also her heart would not beat regularly; every hour or two it would stop its pulsations, or feel as if it was going to. On the second inhalation her _lung expanded to its fullest capacity_, which, of course, caused great distress of body (as the chest had sunk in over her lung), but ever since she has had no symptoms of smothering. _The heart pulsations are regular, and she feels like a new person; is gaining rapidly in flesh._ Her lung is not yet strong, but is gaining. _We are truly grateful to you for rescuing her from an untimely grave._”

“AM SO MUCH BETTER.”

Extract from letter of a patient in Biddeford, Me.:

“It is with pleasure I tell you what your Compound Oxygen Treatment has done for me. Last April, when I commenced using it, _I was very low_; suffered from a weak, tired feeling all the time. _Had not been able to do any housework or sewing for four years, and but very little for ten years past._ My right side was very bad, a continual smarting ache extending from the throat to the hip, aggravated by using my arm. _Had not been free from a cough for four years. Now I do most of my housework; all my family sewing; walk out every pleasant day; think I could walk a mile and not be very tired; am so much happier to feel that I am some use in the world._ For all this consider myself indebted to your Compound Oxygen Treatment.”

FORCED CHEERFULNESS.

A patient writes:

“I used to seem cheerful, and people often remarked it; but my husband would look sad, and tell me he feared I did not feel it; which was true. (I did it to keep up his spirits.) But now it does me good to take a hearty laugh. Every one I meet says, ‘How well you are looking.’ I tell them it is the Compound Oxygen rebuilding me.... _I can scarcely believe myself to be the same miserable little woman I once was._”

“VICTORY!”

Under this caption, a gentleman in Iowa, who had procured the Compound Oxygen Treatment for his wife, writes:

“_I am surprised at finding her so much improved in health._ When she began using the Oxygen she could not sit up more than four hours at a time. Could not walk a quarter of a mile. Improved from the first inhalation, and now, having used the Treatment for six weeks, does considerable work around the house, and _can walk two miles and not be tired_. Raises no more bloody matter. No cough. Sleeps and eats well. All that I can say is, ‘Thank God, and Drs. Starkey & Palen.’”

BRONCHITIS.

A lady in Carmel, N. Y., after using the Oxygen Treatment for about four weeks, writes as follows in regard to the result: