Chapter II: Front Matter (2)

But certainly, all this Muster of appearing Reasons, is not able to vanquish single Truth; For, grant that _America_ was not very Populous when the _Spaniards_ first arrived there; must this needs prove, that it was never well inhabited before? Perhaps the Civil Wars, which have been always destructive to this Nation, have much hindred the increase of People; and the more, because their Salvage Nature is such, that in several places they account Man’s Flesh Broil’d a very great Dainty. And suppose such Prodigal Excess of their Humane Bankets were not us’d in _America_, as indeed they are, Is it wonder, that such a great part of the World, not onely exceeding _Europe_ in bigness, but _Asia_ also should here and there have a Tract of Land uninhabited? These might, by reason of their Barrenness, be useless, as many such places are found in the midst of the most Populous and fertile Countreys. But above all this, it is certain, that _America_ to this day (notwithstanding almost innumerable thousands of _Indians_ formerly Slain and Massacred by the _Spaniards_) is so well inhabited, that it may stand in Competition with either _Asia_ or _Europe_. And how could such vast multitudes Plant the far-spreading Countrey of _America_, without the help of many Ages? Moreover, This truth is not without sufficient Testimonies; when any one looks on the Islands with which _America_ lies incompass’d, he may suppose they did not willingly go from the Main Continent to the Isles, but were driven thither by Wars among themselves, or as most times it happens, because of the vast increase of the Natives, the Countrey must discharge its burden.

Hereto is added, the several Languages us’d in _America_, as in _Europe_ or any other part of the known World; whereby we may easily guess, that _America_ was Peopled presently after the Confusion of Tongues at _Babel_. Furthermore, If the _Americans_ live a Rude Life, go meanly Habited, be without stately Houses; such Customs are even among us observ’d by several People; as the _Tartars_, _Numidians_, and others, which made their Antiquity be call’d in question. He also must needs have no knowledge of the Arts and Mechanick Sciences us’d by the _Americans_, who concludes, that they setled but lately in _America_. One Argument at present will be sufficient to contradict them all; and in the further Description, the contrary will be more manifest.

[Sidenote: _American_ Gold-Smiths.]

_Hieronimus Benso_ relates, That he stood amaz’d at the Gold and Silver Smiths in the Territory of _Chito_, who without any Iron Tools, made Images, and all manner of Vessels: Which work they perform’d thus, First, they made an Oval Crucible of a good Lock, round about Pasted with Earth, embody’d with the Powder of Wood Coals; which Crucible being Bak’d very hard in the Sun, they fill with Pieces of Gold or Silver, and put in the Fire; about which standing with five, six, or more Pipes made of Canes, they blow the Fire so long, till the Mettal melts, which others sitting on the ground, run it into Moulds of black Stone, and so with little trouble, Cast into what shape they please. Lastly, Though _Mexico_ can reckon but a thousand years, must it therefore follow, that the Inhabitants are no older? How many famous places (even among our selves) have no longer Registers, and if they have, they are commonly Fabulous, few Nations boasting truly their own Original; which Argument, not onely contradicts (as we suppose) Mr. _Purchas_, but all others ascribing the Plantation of _America_ to our later times.

SECT. I.

[Sidenote: After what manner the Inhabitants of _America_ came thither.]

¶ In the next place, let us enquire, how the _Americans_ were transmitted thither, whether by Sea, or Land? Both which are feasible two several ways; if they made an Expedition thither, as Discoverers, or were driven on those Coasts by stress of Weather.

The first is most unlikely, and not seeming possible, for how could they Steer thorow so vast an Ocean, to Countreys they never heard of, without the Compass, and other Necessaries for such a Voyage? for when first discover’d, their want of experience in Shipping for so long a Voyage, knowing no further than the use of small Boats or _Canoos_, plainly explode, that they willingly Steer’d from a known World, to an unknown, with no better accommodation; but some probable reasons may be made out, to induce us to believe, that they were rather driven thither by Storm.

But some will say, How liv’d the little Boats, and how indur’d they in such a continual Tempest, and were not either swallow’d up amidst the Waves, or starv’d for want of Provision, which their hollow Troughs could not contain?

The first doubt is the least, for there are Examples enough by which appear, that oftentimes great Ships Bulging, are over-set or sunk in the Sea by foul Weather when the Mariners escape in their Cock-Boat; and if they were but thinly Victual’d for so long a Voyage, questionless, that little which they had, they spun out, and made it last, while the impetuous Storm shortned the passage, which fair Weather would have made much longer.

[Sidenote: _Plin_. l. 5. c. 22.]

[Sidenote: Strange voyage of a _Roman_ Slave.]

_Pliny_ tells us of _Annius Plocquius_, General of the _Red-Sea_, That one of his Slaves being Enfranchiz’d, Sailing down towards the _Arabian_ Gulf, was carry’d by a violent Tempest from the North, beyond _Caramania_, and on the fifteenth day came to an Anchor in _Hippuros_, a Haven of _Taprobane_, which _Ortelius_ judges to be _Sumatra_; but _Mercator_ and _Cluverius_, on better grounds, _Zeylon_, which is no less than three thousand _English_ Miles.

In like manner, _Joseph de Acosta_ tells us, That in fifteen days time, he got with a Northerly Wind from the _Canaries_ to _America_, and his Voyage had been shorter, durst he have born more Sails, which may partly clear the former doubts.

[Sidenote: The _Peruvians_ opinion concerning antient Sea-Voyages.]

[Sidenote: _Acosta. Histor_. _Nat._ l. 2 c. 12.]

[Sidenote: Ridiculous opinion of the _Americans_.]

Moreover, the _Peruvians_ themselves give some small Testimony (in their antient Records) of a few that Landed of old upon their Coasts, which were (as they say) mighty and cruel Giants, committing much Bloodshed, Slaughtering the Natives every where; and having subdu’d the whole Countrey, built stately Edifices, of which remain yet the Ruines of some Foundations, very Artificial and Costly. They also shew near _Manta_, and _Puerto Viejo_, many huge Bones, as they believe of Giants, three times longer and thicker than an ordinary Mans. They also tell us, that many Ages since, one _Ica_ and _Arica_ Sail’d Westward thither upon Sea Wolves Skins, blown up like Bladders: But however, without contradiction, the _Americans_ never knew, much less built any such Vessels, with which they durst venture to the _Offin_, out of sight of Land: their _Balsas_, _Periagos_, and _Canoos_, will not all amount to the Bulk of one of our small Barques; wherefore the Inhabitants of _Tumbez_, when they descry’d the _Spanish_ Fleet, sent to discover _Peru_, were amaz’d at the high Masts, spreading Sails, and bigness of the Ships, judging them first to be Rocks, cast up out of the Sea; but observing them to approach their Coast, and that they were full of Bearded-Men, thought the Gods were walking in them; by our Modern Poet, Mr. _Dryden_ in his _Indian Emperor_, thus Elegantly describ’d.

Guyomar _to_ Montezuma.

_I went in order, Sir, to your Command,
To view the utmost Limits of the Land:
To see that Shore, where no more World is found,
But Foamy Billows, breaking on the ground;
Where, for a while, my Eyes no Object met,
But distant Skies, that in the Ocean set:
And low-hung Clouds that dipt themselves in Rain
To shake their Fleeces on the Earth again.
At last, as far as I could cast my Eyes
Upon the Sea, somewhat, methought did rise
Like Bluish Mists, which still appearing more,
Took dreadful Shapes, and mov’d towards the Shore._

Mont. _What Forms did these new Wonders represent?_

Guy. _More strange than what your Wonder can invent.
The Object I could first distinctly view,
Was tall straight Trees, which on the Waters flew;
Wings on their sides, in stead of Leaves did grow,
Which gather’d all the Breath the Winds could blow:_

_And at their Roots grew floating Palaces,
Whose out-blow’n Bellies cut the yielding Seas._

Mont. _What Divine Monsters, O ye Gods, were these,
That float in Air, and fly upon the Seas!_

_Came they alive or dead upon the Shore?_

Guy. _Alas, they liv’d too sure, I heard them roar._

_All turn’d their sides, and to each other spoke,
I saw their Words break out in Fire and Smoke._

_Sure, ’tis their Voice that Thunders from on high,
Or these, the younger Brothers of the Skie._

_Deaf with the noise, I took my hasty Flight,
No Mortal Courage can support the Fright._

[Sidenote: _Spaniards_ carry Oxen, and Sheep to the _American_ Isles.]

But the resolving these Doubts, starts a harder Question, _viz._ Grant that the _Americans_ were by Tempest driven thither, How then came the Beasts thither? It is certain, that those which are beneficial for humane use, as Dogs for to Hunt, great Cattel, Sheep, for Food, and other Necessaries, might easily be carry’d thither, for so the _Spaniards_ brought Cows, Horses, Swine, and other Cattel; and also Poultery from _Spain_, to the new-discover’d Isles, _Cuba_, _Hispaniola_, _Jamaica_, _Margaretta_, and _La Dominica_, when at their arrival, formerly no four-footed Beasts were found there, whose fertile Soyl hath so multiply’d their increase, that the Doggs running Wilde, and breeding as fast, do great hurt to the Grazing Herds, which they onely shoot for their Skins, leaving their Flesh, the best of Meats, onely to Manure the Ground on which they lie.

The Transporting of tame and profitable Cattel might easily be allow’d of, but who would load their Ships with Lions, Tygers, Bears, Wolves, Foxes, and other Serpents and Voracious Beasts? it is certain that some may be tam’d before they were Ship’d.

[Sidenote: How wild Beasts came in _America_, and the Isles.]

[Sidenote: In _vita Heliogabali_.]

[Sidenote: Lib. 2. cap. 17.]

[Sidenote: Strange Hunting.]

[Sidenote: Strange accident of two Leopards.]

[Sidenote: _Adv. Jovin._ l. 2.]

_Lampridius_ relates, That _Heliogabalus_ the _Roman_ Emperor, took great pleasure in Domestick Lions, and Leopards, to frighten his Guests withal; for with the third Course, they were all brought in, and sate betwixt the Invited, a Man and a Beast. The great _Cham_, as _Paulus Venetus_ an Eye-witness attests, Rides on Hunting, attended in couples with tame Leopards. The King of _Camboja_ in like manner is serv’d with Panthers: _Scaliger_ adds also, That they went not unprovided of a Lamb or Goat, to give the Panther, lest falling into his natural ferocity, provok’d by hunger, he should make the Huntsmen his Quarry, if he had no other Prey. But notwithstanding some wilde Beasts seem to forget their Voracious Nature, yet there ought great care to be taken in the Transporting of them, because they oftentimes grow wild again, which _France_ can witness, where two Leopards, a Male and a Female being tam’d, presently after the death of King _Francis_, whether negligently or on purpose, let loose, ran into the Woods, and near _Orleans_ devour’d a great number of People, and Cattel: _Gesner_ saith, That some Womens bodies were found, who were untouch’d, onely their Breasts eaten by the Leopards, as if they took them for the daintiest part; which is not unlike the antient _Jeres_, who according to Saint _Hierom_, entertain’d their Guests as a most delicious Dish, with Womens Breasts, and Mens Buttocks Roasted. Besides, the devouring nature of these Wilde Beasts, what profit could Tygers, Lions, Wolves, Bears, and the like advantage the Transporter? And how came Serpents, Adders, and other Reptiles, thither over the Ocean, that with no Art whatsoever can be made tame? Were the small Vessels just laden with such terrible Creatures, when against their wills, they were by Storm driven on a new Coast? By these impossibilities we may easily judge, that the _Americans_ came thither by Land, and no other way, but how, and upon what occasion must be our next enquiry.

SECT. II.

[Sidenote: Two reasons wherefore the people remove from their
Countreys.]

¶ Histories generally gives us onely two accounts, Why People remov’d from one Countrey to another, either not, or thinly inhabited; whether driven by force, or of their own accord, so to unburthen and give ease to their too Plethorick Countreys.

[Sidenote: The Flood acknowledg’d by the _Americans_ and other
_Heathens_ but mysteriously.]

Thus the banish’d _Japanners_ forsook their Native Countrey, and setled themselves in a desolate Soyl, since a flourishing Empire, shining with Riches, and Crown’d with stately Cities: So the _Batavians_ took possession of the uninhabited Isle, lying between the _Rhyne_, and the _Wael_, being driven out of _Hessen_ by Civil-Wars, and preserv’d the memory of the place, from whence they had their Original on the utmost Point of the Island, in the Villages of _Cattenwyck_; for the _Hessens_ formerly went by the name of _Catti_; others that remov’d did not onely fall upon their Neighbors, but made a way by force of Arms, chosing their Habitations under a temperate Climate, and in a fruitful Soyl. After which manner the _Franks_ enter’d _Gaul_, and afterwards the _Normans_ set upon _France_; so that the Conquer’d Countreys, have ever since from the Conquerors been call’d _France_ and _Normandy_: But although it cannot punctually be said, how the Inhabitants of _America_ remov’d, yet it is without contradiction, that they first found an empty Countrey. The Opinions which they have themselves concerning it, are full of idle Fancies; First, they question their Original from the Floud, which is so well rooted in the memory of all Nations, that the blindest and most ignorant know something of it, though deformedly alter’d and vary’d, tack’d up with additional fabulous Stories, the truth it self known onely to us, but to all others lost in Oblivion.

Who hath not heard of _Deucalion_’s Flood, how his Wife _Pyrrha_ and he only escap’d in a little Boat, and (as ’tis Fabl’d) landing on a Mountain, from thence Peopled the World again, by throwing Stones backwards over their Heads? Something of this seems to hint the true Story of _Noah_, his Wife, and Children, from whom the desolated World was replenish’d.

[Sidenote: _Prometheus_ and _Noah_ are the same.]

The same they relate of _Prometheus_, concerning whom, thus _Diodorus Siculus_: “They say that the _Nyle_ breaking through his Dams, and over-flowing his Banks, drown’d all _Egypt_, especially that part where _Prometheus_ Rul’d, where all the Inhabitants were swallow’d by the Deluge.” None can imagine but that _Diodorus_ by this makes mention of a particular Flood, and not the general one in _Noah_’s time; for as the _Greeks_ ascrib’d all things to their _Heroes_, so the _Egyptians_ in like manner did the same to _theirs_: Therefore they have of the general Flood, made a particular one in _Egypt_, though perhaps it never was: So that what is Fabled of _Prometheus_, is nothing but a Part of the Universal Deluge; which the Name _Prometheus_ proves, because it signifies, _Sprung from Heaven_, and is the same with _Noah_, whom they hold to be the first Father of all Mankind since the Flood, born of, or regenerated from his Wife _Asia_; and _Asia_ signifies _Earth_, or _The Mother of all things_; and so espousing _Noah_, being sprung from God, to _Ararat_, from whence descended the Generations of Mankind, and by degrees spread over the whole surface of the Earth.

[Sidenote: _Acosta_, l. 1. c. 25.]

[Sidenote: Strange Opinion of the _Americans_ concerning the Flood.]

[Sidenote: Original of the _American_ Kings, and their Custom.]

The _Chineses_, _East-Indians_, _Japanners_, and other People of _Asia_ and _Africa_, have also some knowledge of a very ancient Flood; but hood-wink’t under many idle Fancies, not unlike that which the _Americans_ relate, from whom several Learned Persons find no obscure Confessions of the Deluge, which thus mystically they have wrapp’d up, That one _Viracocha_ came out of the great Lake _Titicaca_, and setled his Residence upon _Tiaguanaco_, where yet remain the Ruines of ancient Walls, built after a wonderful manner: At length removing from _Tiaguanaco_ to _Cusco_, he began to multiply the Generation of Mankind. They shew in the foremention’d Lake a small Island, under which, the _Americans_ say, the Sun sav’d himself from the Flood; wherefore in ancient Times they superstitiously observ’d that place, heightning their Bloody Sacrifices with Humane Slaughter. Others relate, That six Persons leap’d through a Hole out of a Window, from whence all Men were since Extracted; and from that new Increase, the place (after the Inhabitants of the Old World were all drown’d) got the Denomination of _Pacari Tampo_; and therefore they hold the _Tampo_’s to be the most ancient Families: From hence _Mangocapam_ deriv’d, being the Primogenitor of the _Ynca_’s or Kings; from whom sprung two Generations, _Hanon Cuzco_, and _Urim Cuzco_. They tell us also, That their _Ynca_’s, when they make War upon any People, say that the occasion, as they pretend, was, because all Territories are Tributary to them justly, from whom they were deriv’d and restor’d, being the first Planters of the New World; and withal, That the true Religion was declar’d to them from Heaven.

[Sidenote: _Americans_ Flood is taken out of the Scripture.]

This Relation, though mix’d with Fables, shews (but very darkly) that they have some knowledge of the Flood: For who are those six else that leap’d out of a Window to replenish the Generations of Mankind, but _Shem_, _Ham_, and _Japhet_, with their Wives?

[Sidenote: _Peruvians_ Opinion.]

[Sidenote: And also the _Mexicans_, of their Original.]

[Sidenote: Lib. 1. cap. 7.]

The _Americans_ can give but a little better Account of their first Original; and indeed it is no wonder, because for want of Books they can relate nothing certain, but only what they have Registred in their usual _Quipocamagos_, which is not above four hundred years old. _Acosta_ asking what Original they judg’d they were of, and from what Countrey and People deriv’d? receiv’d no other Answer, but that _America_ only was their native Countrey, and that they were deriv’d from no other elsewhere. But though the _Peruvians_ are of this Opinion, yet the _Mexicans_ are of another mind, giving the _Spaniards_ a far better Account when first they came thither, wherein we must a little deviate, _viz._ How they were remov’d from some other place, as _Robert Comtæus_ relates, who with many Learned and seemingly true Arguments affirms, That the Original of the _Americans_ must be sought for either among the _Phenicians_, _Sydonians_, _Tyrians_, or _Carthaginians_, being indeed all one People. _Herodotus_ saith thus of the _Phenicians_, “They liv’d formerly, according to their own Relation, along the Shore of the _Red-Sea_; from whence removing, they planted the Sea-Coast of the _Syrians_.” _Festus Avienus_ the _Latin_ Poet agrees with this Opinion, where he saith,

_On the_ Phenicians _Coasts the Ocean beats_,
_Who through the_ Red-Sea _Sailing, chang’d their Seats.
They were the first that ventur’d through the Seas,
And freighted Ships with richer Merchandize:
Fair or foul Weather, They without controule!
Sought Foreign Trade, directed by the Pole_.

[Sidenote: Original and Habitations of the _Phenicians_, of whom,
according to several Learned, the _Americans_ are extracted.]

_Aristotle_ from a _Greek_ Word calls them _Phenicians_, from their being red or bloody with the Slaughter of all Strangers that Landed on their Coast; but rather, and so indeed they are call’d _Phenicians_, or _Erythreans_, from _Esau_, or _Edom_, from whom they are deriv’d; for these two Words, or Denominations, signifie in _Greek, Red_; the two last, the like in _Hebrew_. _Phenix_ himself first planted all the Countrey lying between the River _Eleutherus_, and the _Egyptian_ City _Pelusium_; and afterwards _Damiata_, wash’d by the _Mediterrane_: But since, these Boundaries are alter’d, on the North, by _Judea_; Westward, by the _Mediterrane_; Southerly, by _Egypt_; and towards the East, by the Desart _Arabia_.

The chiefest Cities are _Ptolemais_, otherwise call’d _Acon_, _Sidon_, _Arad_, _Great Cana_, _Sarepta_, _Biblis_, _Bothris_, _Berithus_, and their Princess _Tyre_, formerly scituate in an Isle, but since joyn’d to the Main-Land by _Alexander the Great_.

[Sidenote: _Herodot._ lib. 1 .]

[Sidenote: _Salust_ in _Igurtha_.]

[Sidenote: Wonderful Power of the _Phenicians_.]

None can disown, but that the _Phenicians_ have every where been Admirals of the Sea; so that they were formidable to the greatest Princes. When the _Persian_ King _Cambyses_ came with a vast Army against the _Carthaginians_, he was forc’d to give over his Design, because the _Phenicians_ refus’d to help him with their Fleet, being allied to, and the City founded by them: But they not only built _Carthage_, which strove with _Rome_ to be the Empress of the World, but also the famous Cities _Leptis_, _Utica_, _Hippo_, and _Adrumetum_ in _Africa_, with _Cadiz_ and _Tartessus_ in _Spain_; nay, they sent Plantations of People into the Heart of _Iberia_ and _Lybia_. It will not be amiss to add _Q. Curtius_ his Relation, who tells us, “Where-ever the _Phenicians_ came with their Fleets, Landing their Men, they subdu’d whole Countreys, and by that means spread their Colonies over the known World; _Carthage_ in _Africa_, _Thebes_ in _Boetia_, and _Cadiz_ near the _Western Ocean_.” _Aristotle_ relates, “That they made such rich Returns of their Merchandize, and chiefly of their Oyl, in _Spain_, that their Anchors, Pins, and all Iron Materials belonging to a Ship, in stead of that Metal, were Silver.”

[Sidenote: Testimonies that the _Americans_ are deriv’d from the
_Phenicians_.]

[Sidenote: First Testimony.]

[Sidenote: Is contradicted.]

[Sidenote: _Lib. 3. Geogr._]

[Sidenote: _Flemmish Islands._]

[Sidenote: _Lib. 17._]

But to return to our Discourse, and disprove the former Testimony, That the _Phenicians_ found _America_. The formention’d _Comtæus_ saith thus; “None can justly doubt, but that since the _Phenicians_ took the Command of the Sea from the _Rhodians_, they more and more increas’d their Fleets, and growing experter in Navigation, passing the _Gibraltar_ Northward, became Masters of _Cadiz_, and still prepar’d new Fleets, which searching beyond _Atlas_ Southward, discover’d the Coasts of _Africa_, and the adjacent Isles, driving a great Trade to the _Canaries_, and to those which lay scatter’d along _Cape de Verd_, formerly call’d the _Gorgades_. This way of Trade also was not unknown to the _Greeks_, _Iberians_, and other People; but after the _Phenicians_ assum’d it wholly to themselves, without any respect or difference of Countreys, they sunk all whomsoever they could catch.” _Curtius_ further adds, saying, “I believe that the _Phenicians_, sailing into the Main Ocean, have discover’d unknown Countreys.” And which are those? Not the _Gorgades_, or _Canary Isles_; for those were sufficiently known before; but a Main Land, far beyond. But though the _Phenicians_ were most expert, yet not skilful enough to make out such Discoveries. They indeed were the first that before any other sail’d out of the Mid-land Sea; nay, they ventur’d a good way into the main Ocean, beyond the _Straights of Gibraltar_, or the _Herculean Pillars_: But how far? Not to the _Gorgades_, above half way betwixt _Spain_ and _America_; but to the _Cassiterides_, or _Flemish Islands_, which to the number of nine lie in sight of _Spain_. _Strabo_ affirms this Truth, saying, “The _Cassiterides_ are ten, lying in order close by one another: One remains uninhabited; on the rest live a swarthy People.” This way the _Phenicians_ sail’d first, when they were in quest for Trade, from _Cadiz_. And though he reckons ten, there are indeed but nine, _viz._ _St. Michael_, _St. Mary_, _St. George_, _Tercera_, _de Pico_, or _Tenariff_, so call’d from the Mountain which vomits Fire, _Fayal_, _Las Flores_, _Del Cuervo_, and _Gratiosa_. Moreover, the same _Strabo_ relates, “That the _Carthaginians_ did not throw over-board the Traders on the remote _Gorgades_, but those especially that came from _Sardinia_ or _Cadiz_.”

[Sidenote: _Salt-Islands_ how long known.]

[Sidenote: _Joan. Mariana de Reb. Hispan._ lib. 1. cap. 20.]

[Sidenote: Very remarkable Voyage of _Hanno_ the _Carthaginian_, along
the Coast of _Africa_ to the _Salt-Islands_.]

[Sidenote: Strange Vision.]

[Sidenote: The Ancients believ’d Baboons to be Men.]

Mean while, we cannot deny, but that the _Gorgades_ that lye before _Cape de Verd_ were frequented by the _Carthaginians_, long before the Birth of our Savior; but with so much admiration, that _Hanno_ their Captain in that Expedition was listed amongst the number of their Heroes, hapning thus: The _Carthaginians_ sailing for _Cadiz_, to assist the _Phenicians_ against the _Spaniards_, made that the Seat of War, which soon drew on a greater Design; for _Hamilco_ and _Hanno_ being impowr’d by the Senate at _Carthage_, manag’d the War in _Spain_. Both of them were ambitious to discover new Countreys. _Hamilco_ sail’d along the Coast of _Spain_ and _Gaule_, reaching to _Batavia_. _Hanno_ steer’d Southerly, carrying thirty thousand Men of all Trades in his Fleet, purposing to build a new City in some place or other, and got beyond the Promontory _Ampelusium_, now call’d _Cabo Spatil_; the River _Ziloa_, which washeth the City _Arzilla_; and the Stream _Lix_, now _Lusso_, where the Poets place the Gardens of the _Hesperides_, in the custody of a waking Dragon: From thence proceeding on his Voyage, he came to an Anchor in the Mouth of the River _Subur_, at this day call’d _Subu_; and afterwards before the City _Sala_, now call’d _Salle_, at that time made very dangerous by the voracious Beasts in the neighboring Woods: At last the Fleet reach’d the Foot of the lesser _Atlas_, which ends at the Point _Chaunaria_, by the Modern Navigators call’d _Cabo Non_, because it was judg’d, that none could scape with Life, that durst adventure to steer beyond _Chaunaria_; yet _Hanno_ sail’d between _Palma_, one of the _Canary-Islands_, and the Promontory _Bojadoris_, towards the pointed Coast call’d then _Cornu Hesperium_, but now _Cape Verd_, in the River _Asama_, by _Castaldus_ call’d _Omirabi_: Here he found horrible Croccodiles, and _Hippopotami_ or Sea-Horses. _Atsama_ is held to flow from the same Fountain whence the _Nyle_ hath its Original. In this Latitude _Hanno_ descried those Islands which he call’d _Gorgones_ (from the three deform’d Sisters _Medusa_, _Sthenio_, and _Euryale_, whose Heads were Periwig’d with curl’d Serpents) because they found as illfavor’d Women on these Islands, which at this day the _Hollanders_ call the _Salt-Islands_; amongst which, the chiefest is _St. Jago_, a Colony of _The Portuguese_; but the Mountains opposite to the _Gorgones_, on the main Coast of _Africa_, rising aloft with spiring tops near the River _Masitholus_, _Hanno_ call’d the _Chariots of the Gods_, now nam’d _Sierra Liona_, lying in eight Degrees Northern Latitude. When _Hanno_ and his Armado, either provok’d by an undaunted Courage, or covetous of fame, if they proceeded in their so wonderful Adventure, went forward, where they reported, that they saw Rivers of Fire falling into the Ocean, the Countrey all about burning, and the tops of the Mountains dazleing their Eyes with continual Flashes of Lightning, intermix’d with terrible Thunder; adding further, That the Natives all the Summer shelter’d themselves from the excessive Heat, in Caves under Ground; and coming forth in the night, run abroad with lighted Torches over their Ground, so gathering in their Harvest, and Officiating all other Affairs of Husbandry: Yet _Hanno_ no ways daunted at such strange Sights, sail’d from _Sierra Liona_ Southerly to the _Æquinox_, where he discover’d an Island not far from the _African_ Coast, inhabited by a rough and hairy People, to take some of whom, he us’d all possible means, yet could not; onely two Women, being incompass’d by Soldiers, were taken, and carried aboard; but being very salvage, and barbarously wild, could not be tamed, or brought to any Complacency; so they kill’d them, and carried their stuff’d-up Skins to _Carthage_, where they were a long time gaz’d upon with great admiration.

[Sidenote: The Island _St. Thomas_.]

This Island which _Hanno_ then found, can be no other but that which we call _St. Thomas_, and hath a very unhealthy Air for Strangers, but else very fruitful, and abounding with Sugar-Canes; and the hairy People which he makes mention of, were _Babeons_, or _Baboons_, which _Africa_ in this place breeds large, to the amazement of the Beholders, in great abundance; because those deform’d Monsters, more than any other Beast whatsoever, represent Humane shape.

[Sidenote: _Hanno_’s Return.]

[Sidenote: Is for his Voyage plac’d amongst the Gods.]

Here _Hanno_ stopp’d his Voyage, being hindred from going further for want of Provision. Five years he spent in this Expedition, before he Anchor’d again at _Cadiz_, from whence not long after he steer’d to his Native Countrey _Carthage_, where he was receiv’d with no less Wonder than State, insomuch that none before or after him ever gain’d greater Honor, seeming to oblige his Countrey with the hopes of future Profits from these new discover’d Regions: Nay, he receiv’d a Name, and was plac’d amongst their Gods in the Temples, which he being ambitious of, promoted after a strange manner, teaching several Birds to cry, _The great God Hanno_; which when they could speak perfect, they were let fly in the Air, where to the admiration of all People, they every where repeated their well-taught Lesson.

This the most remarkable Voyage which hapned in the time of the Ancients, considering they wanted several Mathematical Instruments belonging to Navigation, and especially the use of the Compass; and also considering the length of the Voyage to _Sierra Liona_, whither never any durst venture before: Nay, in so many Ages after _Hanno_, the famousest Navigators which were set out by the King of _Portugal_, fear’d a long time to cut their Passage through the _Æquinoctial-Line_; however in long Process of time, divers Experiments were made, which have now so much improv’d the Art of Navigation.

[Sidenote: Testimony that _America_ was not known to the Ancients.]

_Hanno_’s Voyage was four hundred years before the Birth of our Savior; therefore if none have been further than _Hanno_, until the time the _Portuguese_ sail’d beyond _Cape de Bona Esperanza_, how could _America_ be discover’d by Sea? How did they steer from the _Salt-Islands_, or _St. Thomas_, out of sight of Land, through the Main Ocean, to an unknown World? _Hanno_ himself, who was the stoutest of all Ancient Navigators, not only crept along the _African_ Coast, which made him spend so much time; but not daring to cross over those wide spreading Bays he found, left not his hold of the Shore, and measur’d and search’d every winding Inlet and Creek: And if he found a New World, why was it not known? The more, because his Ambition carry’d him on to get a Name and Reputation by such Naval Discoveries. And how true the Relation of this Expedition is, _Pliny_ tells us, saying, The Journal-Books were then to be seen which _Hanno_ writ in that his _African_ Expedition: Though many of the _Greeks_, and also of our Moderns, following _Hanno_, have found several things contrary to his Observations, wherein he makes mention of several Cities built by him, which none ever since heard of, or any have seen, neither is there the least Marks of their Ruines to be found.

This large Relation serves for nothing else, but to shew that they seek in vain herein to give the Honor of the Discovery of _America_ to the Ancients; And as little do those Testimonies signifie that are taken out of _Diodorus Siculus_, _Pliny_, _Pomponius Mela_, and _Ælian_. It will be worth our time to hear every one of them particularly.

[Sidenote: _Lib. 6. cap. 7._]

[Sidenote: Second Testimony, that the _Americans_ are deriv’d from the
_Phenicians_.]

First, _Diodorus_ saith, “Beyond _Lybia_, in the Ocean, lies a very great Island, several days sailing in Circumference, having a very fruitful Soil, and pleasant Meadows, distinguish’d by Hills, and moistned by Navigable Rivers, unknown in Ancient Times, because it seems to be separated from the other World, and was thus found: The _Phenicians_ sailing along the _Lybian_ Coast, were several days and nights toss’d with perpetual Tempests, and at last driven to the foremention’d Island, where Anchoring, and observing the pleasant Scituation thereof, made it known to their Magistrates.”

[Sidenote: _Is contradicted._]

But how comes this nameless Island to be _America_? What Man would take that for an Island, which far exceeds the main Continent of _Asia_? And have the _Phenicians_ ascrib’d the finding of this New World to any? Whence then proceeds such great silence amongst all the Ancient Writers of a whole World, who otherwise us’d to give Denominations to the least remote Village, or Mountain, or River?

[Sidenote: _Lib. 5. cap. 1._ Description of _Atlas_.]

_Pliny_ speaks after the same manner, saying, “The Writers make mention, that _Atlas_ rises out of the middle of the Sands, with a Shrubby and Bushy top towards the Sky, on the Shore of the Ocean to which he gives his Denomination; That it is full of Woods, and water’d by several Fountains on that side towards _Africa_, by which means it bears all manner of Fruit. In the Day-time none of the Inhabitants appear, all things being in silence, as in the middle of a Desart; the Approacher is struck with sudden amazement. And besides its excessive high Crown, reaching above the Clouds, and neighboring, as they say, the Circle of the Moon, appears in the Night as if it were all in a Flame, resounding far and near with Pipes, Trumpets, and Cymbals; and the Journey up thither, very long and dangerous.”

I cannot understand that _Pliny_ can mean _America_ by this, because himself, in the first Division of his Fifth Book, makes his beginning with the Description of _Africa_: And as to what further concerns the strange Relation and danger thereof, is a little before related in _Hanno_’s Voyage; and it is but a slight Argument to prove it _America_, because it seems to resound with those sorts of Instruments which the _Americans_ were observ’d to use when discover’d.

[Sidenote: _Lib. 1. cap. 4._]

[Sidenote: Strange Men.]

_Pomponius Mela_ being the third, hath no greater Arguments than the former. “We hear (says he) that utmost People towards the West, being the _Atlanticans_, are rather half Beasts than Men, cloven-footed, without Heads, their Faces upon their Breasts, and naked, with one great Foot, like Satyrs or Goblins, which range up and down, without any Artificial Shelters or Houses.”

[Sidenote: _Lib. 3. cap. 18._]

[Sidenote: Discourse between _Midas_ and _Silenus_ concerning the
Unknown World.]

Lastly, _Ælian_ seems to say something, when he sets down the Discourse between _Midas_ and _Silenus_, out of _Theopompus_, where _Silenus_ relates, “That _Europe_, _Asia_, and _Lybia_ are Islands; and that a vast Countrey lyes beyond this his tripple-divided World, mighty Populous, and abounding with all other Living Creatures, as big again as ours, and living twice as long: That they are wondrous rich; their Religions, Laws, and Customs, founded upon another Morality and Reason, quite different from ours. They boast especially of two great Cities, _Machimus_ and _Eusebes_; the Inhabitants of the first maintaining themselves by driving altogether a Trade of War, mustering up, and filling their numerous Regiments with several valiant Nations. The Listed Citizens amount in their Muster-Rolls, all bred to Soldiery, to two Millions, of whom few but scorn either dying bravely by Wounds receiv’d With Flint-edg’d Laths, and Staves, in stead of Spears, pointed with Stones, not knowing the use of Iron or Steel, but so over-stock’d with Gold and Silver, that they account it a Drug of less Value than our basest Metal. Some Years since they march’d into our World, a hundred thousand strong, as far as the _Hyperborean_ Mountains, where being inform’d, that all the Nations of our World, compar’d with them, liv’d in a poor and despicable condition; as not thinking them worth their Conquest, they return’d. But the second City _Eusebes_, deals altogether in Peace, and its Citizens are not rapacious, but exercise Justice, so much affecting Morality and Divine Worship, that they conquer Heaven by their Piety and Meekness, and the Gods themselves are pleas’d to descend, and advise with them concerning their Celestial Affairs.”

Who observes not this to be a Poetical Relation, shewing how much better the Acquirements of Peace are, than those of War; the one conquering only Men, the other, the Gods? Nor can more be taken out of _Ælian_’s Discourse, but that the Ancients believ’d there was another Habitable World to be our _Antipodes_.

[Sidenote: Inquiries whether the Constitutions of the _Phenicians_ agree
with the _Americans_.]

Thus far hath been disputed concerning the Original of the _Americans_, whose Plantations from _Tyre_ or _Carthage_ by Sea, are found altogether invalid: Yet we will search a little further, to see whether the People Analogize, either in their Religion, Policy, Oeconomy, or Customs.

It is certain, that the ancient _Phenicians_ liv’d in Tents, and sometimes exchang’d eaten-up Pastures for fresh, which the _Americans_ to this day observe; by which it might appear, that they are of a _Phenician_ Extract. But why not as well deriv’d from _Numidia_, _Tartary_, or the ancient Patriarchs, who all liv’d such an unsettl’d wandering Life? Besides, the _Phenicians_ had a long time given over Pastoral Business, for Maritime Affairs of greater consequence, not only Merchandizing through all the World, but sending great Colonies in Ships to new Plantations: And moreover, the _Americans_ could not so strangely degenerate from their Ancestors, but would have built great Cities like them; of which many were found in _Phenicia_, but none of Antiquity in _America_.

[Sidenote: As also both their Religions.]

As to their Religion, if it agreed with the _Phenicians_, it was the same that all the World profess’d at that time, and therefore may as well be extracted from any other, as them: ’Tis true, we find them inclin’d to Sorcery, and dealing with Evil Spirits, as the _Phenicians_, in which they were not only guilty, but all other Nations at that time.

[Sidenote: The Known World formerly full of Witches.]

[Sidenote: _De Nat. Dæmon._ l. 3.]

[Sidenote: _Lucan._ lib. 6.]

Nay, why not as well transported out of _Asia_ or _Europe_, where were formerly many the like Tamperers, and those that dealt in such Diabolical Sciences? And why not from _Salmantica_, where, as _Laurentius Ananias_ relates, Magick-Arts were publickly taught, and they commenc’d Doctors, and took their Degrees according to their Learning? The Devil also hath publick Worship amongst the _Americans_, and so he had with the _Phenicians_: yet not only they, but the whole World had dedicated Temples to him. Here began Humane and Infernal Sacrifices, supposing that Evil Spirits were delighted, and so feasted with the Steam of Humane Offerings, whose sweetness made them milder, and so intoxicating, lull’d them into less mischief.

[Sidenote: Devil-worship formerly us’d in all the World, and now by the
_Americans_.]

[Sidenote: _Lev. 17. 6._]

[Sidenote: Idols in Ships.]

How famous is _Zoroaster_, and the whole School of the Eastern Magicians? In _Moses_’s time this Wickedness had already took place: Nor can it be deny’d but that the _Phenicians_ carry’d their Idols in their Ships, as _Herodotus_ testifies, saying, “The Image of _Vulcan_ much resembles the _Phenicians Patacoioi_, which they plac’d on the Fore-castle of their Ships.”

In like manner, the _Americans_ when they go to Sea, carry their Idols with them; and the Ships took Name from the Image, which was either painted or carv’d on the Stern, or plac’d elsewhere upon the Deck.

The same Custom the _Chineses_ observe to this present: _Francis Xaverius_ relates, “That he sail’d in a _Chinese_ Vessel from _Goa_ to _Japan_, which bore an Idol in its Stern, before which the Master lighted Candles, perfum’d it with Aloe-wood, and offer’d Birds and other Food, inquiring of it the Event of his Voyage. Sometimes he judg’d from the Statues immovable Looks, that it would fall out successfully; and other times, not.”

[Sidenote: _De abstinent. Animal._ l. 2.]

[Sidenote: _Prepar. Evang._ lib. 1.]

Lastly, _Porphyrius_ relates, “That the _Phenicians_ upon any great Exigency, as War, excessive Heat, or Mortal Distempers, by order selected one of the most comely and beautiful of their Children, to be offer’d up to _Saturn_.” And _Eusebius_ saith also out of _Porphyrius_, “That _Saturn_, whom the _Phenicians_ call _Israel_, the Learned _Vossius_ and _Hugo Grotius_ read _Il_, or _El_ (one of the ten Names of God in _Hebrew_) which they also give to the Planet _Saturn_, who when he Reign’d in _Phenicia_, having one only Son born by the Nymph _Anobret_, and was in danger to lose his Kingdom, being worsted in an unlucky War, he dress’d him in Royal Robes, and placing him on an Altar built for that purpose, sacrific’d him with his own Hands.”

[Sidenote: Men and Children used for Sacrifices by the _Phenicians_ and
other People.]

[Sidenote: Who forbade the sacrificing of Men.]

And although such like cruel Oblations are us’d in _America_, must it therefore follow, that they are deriv’d from the _Phenicians_, when several other People are guilty of the same? Nay, there is scarce one Countrey, which hath not at some time or other perform’d such inhumane Acts, seeming to them Zeal in their Religion; for the most eminent of the Heathens scrupled not at it, which certainly are held to be the _Persians_, _Greeks_, and _Romans_; and yet they were not abhorr’d, though committing Humane Slaughters.

This holy Butchery and Religious Slaughter of Mankind began in _Rome_ in the Emperor _Adrian_’s Reign, so continuing till the time of _Tertullian_, _Lactantius_, and _Eusebius_. The _Greeks_ which inhabited the utmost part of _Italy_, employ’d themselves daily in Sacrificing Strangers to _Saturn_, and sometimes one another. But at last this formal Cruelty became a ridiculous Custom; for the _Romans_ by severe Edicts strictly forbad all such Humane Offerings: Yet that they might retain some memory of their former Sacrifices, they order’d thirty Images to be made of Rushes, which every year on the fifteenth of _April_, were by the _Roman_ Priests and Vestal Nuns, to be thrown from the _Milvian_ Bridge into the _Tyber_.

[Sidenote: _Lib. de Superstit._]

Moreover, _Manethon_ relates, “That the _Egyptians_ in _Heliopolis_ us’d to offer three Men at once to _Juno_; which Custom was observ’d till King _Amasis_ order’d, That in stead of Men, they should serve her with Wax Candles.”

_Amestris_, Queen to the famous _Xerxes_, caus’d twelve Men to be burn’d alive, as an Oblation, to pacifie and oblige _Pluto_ to maintain them in their present Grandeur.

[Sidenote: _Rer. Persic._ l. 1.]

_Procopius_ relates of the People about the _Arabian Gulph_, “That they oftentimes Sacrific’d Men to the Sun.”

[Sidenote: _Lib. 3. sect. 8 Geogr._]

“The _Indians_, saith _Pomponius Mela_, kill their nearest Relations and Parents, before they decay by Sickness or Age, and judg’d it fit and most Religious to Feast and Banquet themselves with the Entrails of the slain.”

[Sidenote: _Lib. 11. Geog._]

The _Albanians_, as _Strabo_ relates, offer yearly one of their Priests to the Moon.

The same _Mela_ relates of the _Tauri_, That they us’d to cut the Throats of Strangers, whenever they came near to the Place of their Sacrifice.

[Sidenote: _Lib. 2. cap. 1_.]

The _Egyptian_ Idol _Typhon_, as you may read in _Manethon_, was daily made red-hot, and living People put in, and broyl’d to death.

[Sidenote: _Bell. Gall. Comm._]

But to pass by several other People guilty of such bloody Idolatry, How did the Altars erected in the Woods in _Gaul_ and _Germany_, for _Taran_, _Hesus_, _Teutates_, and _Woden_, continually smoke with the Blood of Humane Expiations? Of which _Cæsar_ saith thus in his _Commentaries_; “The _Gauls_ are a very Devout and Superstitious Nation; and therefore when any were dangerously sick, or likely to be worsted in Battel, they vow’d to feast their Gods that sav’d them with Humane Flesh, and if need were, would make themselves a thankful Sacrifice to those that help’d them off in such an Exigence. Concerning these bloody Rites, they consulted and imploy’d the _Druydes_, by whose advice they all believ’d that no Victim was so acceptable to the _Numens_, as pour’d-out Humane Blood, but especially that of Malefactors; which Dainty if they could not procure, their Gods must be treated with the Lives of the Innocent.”

[Sidenote: _2 Reg. 3. v. 26, 27._]

Lastly, the Holy Scripture saith thus, _When the King of_ Moab _saw that the Battel was too sore for him, he took with him seven hundred Men that drew Swords, to break through even to the King of_ Edom; _but they could not. Then he took his eldest Son, that should have reigned in his stead, and offered him for a Burnt-offering on the Wall._

These Testimonies are sufficient Witnesses, That the Ancient _Heathens_ express’d the height of their Devotion, and fury of mad Zeal, in such execrable Rites, as to this day the like is practised by the _Indians_, _Chineses_, _Japanners_, and others: Wherefore it can no ways be a sufficient ground to prove, that the _Americans_ are deriv’d from the _Phenicians_, because of their Humane Sacrifices, for that they were usual Customs in all Places.

[Sidenote: Third testimony, That the _Americans_ are deriv’d from the
_Phenicians_, because their Language agrees]

[Sidenote: Is contradicted.]

The third Proof they offer us, is borrow’d from the similitude and likeness of the _Phenician_ and _American_ Languages: _Comtœus_ sets down some Words, _viz._ the _Phenicians_ call’d a Mountain, _Abila_; Blood, _Edom_; a Mother, _Anech_; a Maid, _Hellotia_; Water, _Heni_, and _Jam_: With the first agrees the _American_ _Anthla_; with the second, _Holedonch_; with the third, _Anam_; with the fourth, _Hellotie_; with the fifth, _Ame_, and _Jame_. But those that will thus corrupt the Words, may as well make the unseemliest Comparisons. It is certain, that the _Phenicians_ and some of the _Americans_ call a Cup _Asur_, and Red Wine, _Belàsa_; But does it therefore follow by this, that the one is extracted from the other? How many Names do signifie all one, amongst People that never had any Conversation together? This proceeds only from meer accident; Or else if some Words of one, sound like the same Words us’d in a remote Countrey, and be of one signification, must they therefore be deriv’d from one another? Then upon necessity the _Greeks_, _Latins_, and _Germans_ had their Original from the _Hebrews_, or the _Latins_ from the _Greeks_, or the _Germans_ from the _Latins_, or the _Persians_ from the _Germans_; or, on the contrary, the last owe their Extract to the first. I will as a Testimony, and to give you a Pattern, pick out a few from a greater number.

[Sidenote: _Greek_ and _Hebrew_ agree]

[Sidenote: Also the _Hebrew_ and _Latin_.]

How little difference is there in many Words between the _Greek_ and _Hebrew_? The _Hebrews_ call a Church-Congregation _Sanhedrim_, the Greeks Συνέδριον; the Greeks for _I advise_, use πείθω, the other פתה; the _Hebrews_ call Wise-men _Zophei_, the other Σόφοι: And less difference there is between _Symphoniah_ and Συμφονία, _A well-set Lesson_; or _Psanterin_ and Ψαλτέριον, _A Spiritual Hymn_: And who also will not find a near resemblance in the consonating of divers _Latin_ and _Hebrew_ Words? For there is little difference betwixt _Mesurah_ and _Mensura_, _a Measure_; _Shekar_ and _Saccarus_, _a sweet Moisture_; _Levya_ and _Leæna_, _a Lioness_, _Sabbeca_ and _Sambuca_, _a Chopping-board_; _Pesa_ and _Passus_, _a Pace_.

[Sidenote: Likewise the _Teutonick_, the great Language of _Germany_,
_Britain_, the _Low-Countreys_, and other Northern Nations.]

Then starting over the _Greek_ and _Latin_, the _Teutonicks_ would likewise produce many Words which have the same sound and signification with the _Hebrew_; as _Chobel_, _a Cable_; _Ethmol_ and _Etmael_, _Watching_; _Sothim_ and _Sotten_, _Fools_; the _Hebrew_ _Arets_, is in _Dutch_, _Aerde_, or as we in _English_, _Ear’d Lands_; _Phert_ and _Peert_, _a Horse_; _Levyah_ and _Leeuw_, _a Lion_; _Shad_ and _Schadea_, _Damages_; _Kisse_ and _Kussen_, in our Dialect the very same, _Kisse_; _Shaken_ and _Schenken_, _a giving_, whence we derive our _English_ _Skinker_, from serving of Drink; _Bel_ and _Beeld_, _an Image_; for _Bel_ properly signifies _Lord_, perhaps because the Images of Heroes or Lords were worshipp’d by them, or else because _Ninus_ first erected an Image for his Father _Belus_, or _Bel_, to be worshipp’d.

[Sidenote: _Greek_ and _Latin_ Tongues agree.]

[Sidenote: _Abrah. Milii, Ling. Belg._ c. 5, 6, 7, 11.]

It would make a large Volume it self, to reckon up the Consonancies of the _Hebrew_, _Greek_, and _Latin_, and their scatterings among all Languages where ever their Empire spread, the one being indeed borrow’d from the other, as all Languages that deal or have any converse together: For not only the Words, with some small Alterations of Letters, signifie the same in both Languages; but also without the least alteration. Both _Greeks_ and _Latins_ express _I do_, by _Ago_; the Number _Eight_, by _Octo_; _an Arm_, by _Brachium_ or _Brachion_, in _English_, _Branches_, and _Braces_; _I eat_, by _Edo_; _a Cup_, by _Phiale_; _a Curtain_, by _Cortina_, or _Cortine_; _Merry_, by _Hilaris_, or _Hilaros_; _a ratling Noise or Sound_, by _Clango_; _a Camel_, by _Camelus_, or _Camelos_; _a Knee_, by _Genu_, or _Gonu_; _a Bowl_ or _Chalice_, by _Calix_; _a Mouse_, by _Mus_; _Deceit_, by _Dolus_, or _Dolos_; _a House_, by _Domus_, or _Domos_; _I carry_, by _Fero_, or _Phero_; the Pronoun _I_, _Ego_; _a Lion_, by _Leo_, or Λέων; _Flax_, by _Linum_, or _Linon_; _a Mother_, by _Mater_, or _Meter_; _now_, by _nunc_, or _nun_; _the Night_, by _Nox_, or _Nux_; _a Rock-stone_, by _Petra_; _a Nick-name_, by _Scomma_, or _Skomma_; _a Boat_, by _Scapha_, or _Skaphe_; _a Treasure_, by _Thesaurus_, or _Thesauros_; _Father_, by _Pater_; _I tremble_, by _Tremo_; _an Hour_, by _Hora_; _the Evening_, by _Vespera_, or _Hespera_; and an innumerable many Words more, that are of one signification in both.

[Sidenote: _Phenician_ and _American_ Tongues have no similitude.]

[Sidenote: _Americans_ much divided in Speech and People.]

Now if there is not the hundredth part of the resemblance found between the _American_ and _Phenician_ Tongues, as there is between the _Hebrew_, _Greek_, _Latin_, and _Dutch_, according to the foremention’d Examples, which notwithstanding cannot be observ’d to be deriv’d from one another, what testimony can there be in five or six Words, which only have a few Letters that do not differ? But suppose that the agreeing of the _Phenician_ and _American_ Tongues could serve for a testimony; that these last People had their Original from the first, then there remains another doubt, _viz._ To know what _Americans_ acknowledge the _Phenicians_ for their Fathers; because their Countrey is so big, that it may almost stand in competition with all the other three parts of the Known World, being divided by so many Nations, which differ not only in their various Customs, but also in their several Languages, most of them not having the least likeness one with another: Nay, often times the Inhabitants of one Province differ so much in Dialect, that, according to _Petrus de Cieca_, the one cannot understand the other.

[Sidenote: In _America_ one Tongue is not at all like the other.]

[Sidenote: _Decad. 3._]

[Sidenote: _De Laet. Orig. Amer. obs. 5._]

_John de Laet_ observes out of _Peter Martyr_, and other Writers concerning the _West-Indies_, That there are several Languages and strange Words spoken among the divers Inhabitants of _America_; for the _Hurones_ call a Head _Sionta_; the _Mexicans_, _Tzontecontli_; the Inhabitants of _New-Netherland_, _Anonsi_; the _Brasilians_, _Acanga_; the _Jaos_, _Boppe_: the Figures One, Two, Three, and Four, the _Hurones_ tell thus, _Escate_, _Teni_, _Hachin_, _Dac_; the _Mexicans_, _Ce_, _Ome_, _Yei_, _Nabuy_; the _Sankikanders_, _Cotte_, _Nysse_, _Nacha_, _Wyve_; the _Brasilians_, _Oyepe_, _Mocoy_, _Mocapir_, _Oirundi_; the _Jaos_, _Tewyn_, _Tage_, _Terrewaw_, _Tagyne_; the Natives of _New-Netherland_, _Onsat_, _Tiggani_, _Asse_, _Cayere_. Moreover the _Hurones_ call a Father _Aystan_; the _Mexicans_, _Tathli_; the _Canadensers_, _Notaovi_; in _New-Netherland_, _Ragina_; in _Brasile_, _Tuba_: And so it is generally with all other Words, which agree not in the least one with the other; so that every Territory hath not only a several Dialect, but in many Places they use besides two, three, or more distinct Speeches, not relating in the least one to another, in one Province, by which the People inhabiting Towns and Villages are distinguish’d. The Islanders discover’d by the _Spaniards_, and destroy’d, have left few Words behind them; yet _Peter Martyr_ sets down some of them, which were formerly us’d in _Hispaniola_: They call’d Heaven _Tures_; a House, _Boa_; Gold, _Cauni_; a good Man, _Tayno_. It is worthy of observation, that they pronounce no _H_ in their Language, but what is spoken with a Vowel, and then give it a strong Aspiration, like the warbling guttural ע _Ghain_ of the _Hebrews_.

[Sidenote: _Gen. 9. v. 25, 26, 27._]

[Sidenote: _Gen. 10. v. 15._]

[Sidenote: Last Testimonies of the _Americans_ Extract from the
_Phenicians_.]

[Sidenote: Is contradicted.]

[Sidenote: _Franc. Burman._ _in_ Gen. 25. 30.]

[Sidenote: _Phenicians_ deriv’d from _Esau_.]