Chapter XXXII: Front Matter (32)

Whilest _Pizarro_ kept the Inga _Attabaliba_ Prisoner, he sent Captain _Bevalcazar_ to the new Fort _St. Miguel_, where eighty Horse and a hundred Foot being arriv’d from _Panama_ and _Nicaragua_, and he being inform’d that there lay a great Treasure in _Quito_, and that the _Canares_, the _Spaniards_ Friends, were exceedingly oppress’d by _Ruminagua_, _Attabaliba_’s General, immediately march’d thither with the new arriv’d Forces before mention’d, to fetch the Booty, and to assist the _Canares_; but several things oppos’d him in his Design: for _Ruminagua_ guarded the Way with twelve hundred _Indians_, digg’d Pits in the same, and filling them with sharp Poles, cover’d them slightly over with Canes and Earth; all which _Bevalcazar_ shunning, went about, fell in upon the Rere of the Enemy, and after a small Resistance conquer’d the City _Quito_. Mean while _Ferdinand Cortesio_ sent _Petro Alvarado_ from _New Spain_, who taking _Guatimala_, receiv’d a Commission from the _Spanish_ Court, to subdue the Northern parts of _Peru_. Soon after which _Garcias Holgua_ being sent with two Ships to enquire concerning the State of _Peru_, brought News back, That _Francisco Pizarro_ had gotten an unvaluable Treasure at _Caxamalca_; which so stirr’d up _Alvarado_, that he Landed five hundred Men at _Puerto Viejo_, march’d in great want of Provisions over the Mountains _Acabucos_, and had he not accidentally found a Pond of sweet Water in a Thicket of Canes, both Men and Horses had all perish’d; at last upon his approaching _Quito_, the Governor thereof, being _Bevalcazar_, not enduring to suffer an Equal, drew up all his Men in Battel array; but some Persons interceding between them, they were soon reconcil’d, and _Alvarado_ being bought out with a great sum of Money, deserted _Quito_; where after _Gonsalvo Pizarro_, had remain’d a considerable time he march’d Eastward of the Province, which produces abundance of Cinamon; whither he was accompanied by two hundred _Spaniards_ and four thousand _Peruvians_; against whom the Natives dwelling on the Borders of _Los Quixos_ fought very valiantly, till Night approaching, when they all ran away; after which resting a while, there arose a mighty Tempest of Thunder and Lightning, accompanied with a dreadful Earthquake, which swallow’d above five hundred Houses, whole Woods and Fields, whilest an unknown River burst out of the Earth, and overflow’d all the Countrey, insomuch that _Pizarro_ expected nothing but a speedy Ruine, in regard no Provisions were to be found in all the Countrey: at last getting on the top of the nearest Mountain he lost many of his Men, who were frozen to death with excessive Cold. From thence marching to the County _Zumaque_, he got plenty of Provision and Cinamon, which grows on great Trees in the Woods; the Leaves thereof resemble the Laurel; the Fruit grows in little Berries; the Root and Bark have a strong odoriferous smell. Thence travelling to the Town _Coca_, he found a mighty Cataract of Water, falling from a Rock above fifteen hundred Ells high; insomuch that the noise in calm Weather was heard six Leagues off. _Pizarro_ leaving his sick People in _Zumaque_, went onely with a few Eastward from _Coca_ to the Plain Countrey _Guema_, full of Moorish Grounds, the Inhabitants whereof went naked: at last he came to the great River _Maranon_, which falls from the Mountains near _Quito_, and extends with several windings above eight hundred Leagues in length, and at the Mouth thereof is fifteen Leagues broad, which at that time overflowing all the Countrey, he judg’d it convenient to build a Brigantine, making the Shoes of the dead Horses serve for Iron-work, his Mens Shirts for Sails, and a Gum, which was to be had there, for Tar, and having Lanch’d their Vessel, and put all their Baggage and sick People into the same, they Sail’d close along the Shore, on which _Pizarro_ made his Way through Brambles and Canes, or went over in the Brigantine whensoe’re he espy’d a better Path on the other side; in which manner they were gone two hundred Leagues down the River, with no other Food but wild Fruit and Roots; when Captain _Franciscus Orellana_, was order’d to Sail away before with five Men, and seek out for Provisions, and at every Stream which fell cross-ways out of the Countrey into the great River, he was to leave a Mann’d Boat: but _Orellana_ in few days drove down so far with the swift River, that he saw no likelihood of getting up again in a whole year, neither could he find any Provisions, but fought daily with the _Indians_, who came stoutly to Board him in little Boats: amongst whom he was inform’d also, that thereabouts liv’d the _Amazon_ Women, that Warr’d continually against their Neighbors; and at last he came into the Northern Ocean. But _Orellana_ Sailing to _Spain_, obtain’d a Commission to be Governor of the _Amazons_ Countrey, whither he steer’d his Course with five hundred Men in three Ships; but Landing at the _Canaries_ they all ran away from him, which so incens’d _Orellana_, that he soon after dy’d with Grief. Mean while _Pizarro_ inform’d by a _Spaniard_ whom _Orellana_ had put ashore, that the Brigantine was by the strong Current carried into the Ocean, knew not what to do, his People since their departure from _Quito_ having travell’d above four hundred Leagues, had eaten most of their Horses: Many dy’d by feeding on unwholsom Herbs; others fell down dead for Hunger, or tir’d out with toilsom Travel; their Clothes, rotted by the Rain, hung upon them like Rags, their Shoes were worn out, their Feet full of Blisters, their Bodies sadly mangled with Brambles and Thorns, for no place afforded them a Boat. _Pizarro_ leaving the River _Maranon_, went another Way, no less troublesom for steep Rocks and inaccessible Mountains. The Valleys through which they went, began now to be strew’d with dead and sick Bodies, who were not able to follow the Army, which march’d very fast, every one judging to be so much nearer his preservation the farther he could get: Those that fainted call’d continually on their Friends for help, but the Horses were grown too weak to carry them: Every one saw nothing but Death before his Eyes; wherefore, though call’d by their dearest and most intimate Friends that lay a dying, they never look’d back, their compassion towards others being turn’d into fear and care of themselves. The Forsaken implor’d their Saints, and besought _Pizarro_ for aid, but finding their Complaints to be in vain, and raging through despair, they wish’d all the rest the same success, and the like Friends, whenever they should be in the like Condition. _Pizarro_ extreamly griev’d and troubled, that he had brought the People into this Misery, sent a few Horsemen before to _Quito_, to carry the sad News of his deplorable Condition, that they might immediately send Provisions to him; which he receiving when he was within fifty Leagues from the said City _Quito_, distributed amongst those that were left alive, who being also almost starv’d, eat so greedily, that several of them were chok’d; the remainder were kept a considerable time in Garrison under the Command of _Pizarro_ in _Quito_. Which City, built in a pleasant place, grew very populous in the Year 1544. there being several Gold-Mines found about the same in that time. But this lasted not long, for _Quito_ siding with the Vice-Roy _Blasco Nunnez Vela_ against _Gonsalvo Pizarro_, most of the Citizens were destroy’d by him, and their Houses burnt to Ashes. The like Destruction, and upon the same occasion, befel the three Villages in the Province _Bracomoros_, discover’d by _Juan Parzel_ and Captain _Vergara_, together with the Countrey _Chichiapoios_, where _Alphonso Alvarado_ built the Town _Levanto_, surrounded with deep Caverns, through which, to the great strengthning of the City, flow several Rivers.

Round about _Puerto Viejo_ the Natives dwelt in Trees, whom the _Spaniards_ had much ado to bring under their subjection; for their Countrey being barren and mountainous, was not onely wanting in Provisions to feed an Army, but the _Peruvians_ also threw great Stones out of their Huts built in Trees, and likewise Javelins and Pots full of boyling Water, with which they did much mischief to their Enemies that Storm’d them, who at last covering themselves with Boards, cut down the Trees, with which they falling were torn in pieces by the _Spanish_ Dogs.

SECT. IV.
Lima.

[Sidenote: Situation and Description of the Province of _Lima_.]

_Lima_, call’d also _Los Reyos_, hath on the East, _Collao_, and some part of _Cusco_; on the North, _Los Quixos_; and on the South, _Charcas_. The Countrey extendeth it self in length upon the Coasts of the South Sea two hundred and fifty, some say, full three hundred Leagues in length, _viz._ from _Cape del Aguia_ Northward, on the Borders of _Quito_ as far as _Arequipa_ towards the South, and runs Eastward to _Brasile_ and _Rio de la Palma_.

[Sidenote: The several Valleys of this Province.]

In this Province are several very pleasant Valleys, the first whereof is _Motupe_, to which a sandy Way leads from _St. Miguel de Valverde_, between barren Wilds, from whence several Streams falling are immediately drunk up by the Sand; wherefore all Travellers that go that way carry Water and Wine with them in _Calabashes_ for twenty Leagues together, which they Walk or Ride by Night, because of the excessive heat of the Sun.

In the Valley _Motupe_ grow abundance of Trees, which receive nourishment from a River that springs up near the same. Here is also much Cotton.

Not far from hence are the Valleys _Xayanca_, formerly very populous and full of Palaces: The River which flows through the middle is led in Trenches amongst the neighboring Fields.

The Valley _Tuqueme_ is also very pleasant, and the decay’d Palaces, sufficiently testifie its former splendor.

The next being _Cinto_, is no way inferior to _Tuqueme_; and between both lie sandy Hills and barren Rocks, on which grow neither Trees nor Herbs, nor is any living Creature to be found upon them: the Way through which being a whole days Journey, cannot be travell’d without sure Guides.

The Valley _Collique_, water’d by a River of the same Denomination, and very thick set with Trees, was formerly very populous, but since the _Spanish_ Wars it is become quite desolate; for not onely a considerable number of them were slain by the _Spaniards_, but also many destroy’d themselves, Wives and Children; of which _Peter Martyr_, Councellor to the Emperor _Charles_ the Fifth, sets down several terrible Examples, of which two were remarkable above the rest; the first was after this manner:

[Sidenote: Two tragical Passages.]

The _Spanish_ Captain _Olandus_ Lying with the Daughter of an _Indian Casique_, question’d when she grew big with Child, Whether she was with Child by him? and that he might know the real truth by Torture, he caus’d her to be ty’d naked to a woodden Spit, and laid to roast against a Fire made of green Wood, so that she died in a most miserable manner; upon which her Father ran in a rage with thirty of his Companions to _Olandus_’s House, where he kill’d his whole Family, and locking all the Doors about the House, set fire on the same, into which when it was at its greatest heighth, he and his Associates leap’d into the middle thereof.

The second Accident is also very terrible, _viz._ An _Indian_ Maid being Got with Child by a _Spanish_ Ass-driver, acquainted her Father and Mother with it, withal telling them that she was ready to suffer Death for her Offence; and notwithstanding they freely pardoning, and perswading her to the contrary, she eat raw _Juca_, which when boyl’d is a wholsom Food, but if eaten raw, certain though languishing Death; which she perceiving, ran to the next River, where after having wash’d her self, she broke off from a large Tree a Bough of five Foot long, and making the end thereof very sharp, fell upon the same, and so kill’d her self. Several other Ravish’d Maids taking example hereby, hang’d themselves upon the Boughs of the same Tree.

But to proceed in our Description, next to _Collique_ lies the Valley _Zana_, of the like bigness, and famous for the City _Miraflores_.

The next is _Pascayamo_, which exceeds all the former in fruitfulness, and populousness of Inhabitants, who before they were destroy’d by the _Ingas_ were much fear’d by their Neighbors. This Valley also was adorn’d with several fair Temples, which are now turn’d into Cloysters. Cattel, Hogs, and Goats breed here in very great numbers. The chief Trade of this Place consists in Cotton and Linnen.

The Valley _Chacama_, in which the _Dominican_ Monks inhabit a brave Cloyster, produces abundance of Sugar.

Four Leagues farther lies the spacious Valley _Chimo_, so call’d from an old _Peruvian_ Heroe, which affords a pleasant Prospect, by reason of the many Banquetting-houses built there by the _Ingas_. No place in _Peru_ is able to stand in competition with this for plenty of Provisions, the Ocean and Rivers producing store of Fish, the Countrey affording Cattel and all manner of Fruit. The Cotton which grows here is Shipp’d to the South Sea.

_Chanca_ is a Valley chiefly considerable for the Town _Arnedo_, which is situate therein, of which more hereafter.

But the Valley _Guanape_, not far from _Chanca_, yields the best _Peruvian_ Liquor _Chica_, and hath a convenient Harbor for Ships.

The Plain _Santa_ being overflow’d in the Winter, is all overgrown for want of Inhabitants, who were all destroy’d by the _Spaniards_. The Woods hereabouts swarm with a sort of venomous Bug, which exceedingly torments the Traveller.

[Sidenote: _Spilbergen_’s Attempt.]

Next follow in order the Valleys _Guambaico_, very fruitful, and _Guarney_, abounding with Horses, Hogs, and other Cattel. _Joris Spilbergen_ Landing here _Anno 1615._ found the Haven secure against all Winds, and between the Shore and the Village _Guarmey_ a Creek, and somewhat farther a fresh-Water Pool; on one side of which stood a decay’d Castle built of square Stone, whereon the _Hollanders_ set the _States_ Flag, and Garrison’d the same to secure those that fetch’d Water out of the foremention’d Pool. In the aforesaid Village stood a Church with a spiry Steeple; behind which rose high Mountains, and at the Foot thereof a great Wood, into which the Inhabitants fled with all their Goods, so that _Spilbergen_ found nothing but a little Meal, a few Hens, Hogs, and Oranges in their Houses, which whilest he was sending Aboard, a small Body of Horse appear’d, but immediately fled into the Woods. The _Hollanders_ staying here seven days, were inform’d, that the Galley _Jesu Maria_, Commanded by the Admiral _Rodrigo Mendoza_, and the _Santa Anna_, by the Vice-Admiral _Peter Alvares Piger_, were both lost, not one Man being sav’d.

Not far from thence lies the Valley _Parmonga_, which though it be fruitful and pleasant, yet it is quite desolate; the Walls of a large Castle still appear, as testimonies of its being formerly inhabited; and within the said Walls also are still to be seen the Ruines of spacious Halls and fair Chambers, whose Walls are painted with wild Beasts and Birds: The _Spaniards_ have digg’d all about, and undermin’d the same, in hopes to find, together with the several dead Bodies, a Treasure buried. Two Leagues Southward from this Valley _Parmonga_ flows the River, _Guayman_, by the _Spaniards_ call’d _Rio del Falcon_, from a Hawk which was seen there. When any store of Rain falls here, a great part of the Dale _Barrana_ lies under Water.

[Sidenote: Strange manner of Hunting.]

Not far from hence lie the Valleys _Gaura_ and _Lima_; which last exceeds all others in bigness, and was formerly exceeding populous; but since the Marquess _Pizarro_ built the City _Los Reyos_ here, the Citizens have taken the Lands from the _Peruvians_. The Mines hereabouts produce Gold and Silver. Amongst other things the Inhabitants highly esteem an Herb bearing yellow Flowers, which in a short time cures a putrifi’d Wound, whereas if laid on sound Flesh it eats the same to the Bone. The Natives heretofore us’d to spend their time in Hunting, and caught their Game after this manner, _viz._ three or four thousand of them would meet together, and by taking Hands make a Ring of three or four Miles in circumference, and at a certain Note or Tune Sung, or loudly Exclaim’d, they drew nearer and nearer, till at last they were within Shot of the inclosed Game, whatsoever it were.

[Sidenote: A vast Treasure found by _Ferdinando Pizarro_.]

The Countrey of _Collao_ hath a low Point, from which a long Cliff runs into the Sea, towards the small Island call’d _Isla de Collao_: On each side of the Point the Coast runs sloaping in, the one side extending North-West from _Collao_, to the Cliffs _Piscadores_; the other South-East to the second Promontory; behind which is a large Bay, where the Valley _Pachacama_ appears, famous for its exceeding fruitfulness, and a stately Temple built by the _Ingas_, where _Ferdinando Pizarro_ found above nine hundred thousand _Ducats_, besides what the Soldiers and Commanders took, and what the Priests had hid, which none, though miserably tortur’d, would confess.

Opposite to _Pachacama_ lies the Valley _Chilca_, where it never Rains, nor any Brook or Spring moistens the dry Soil, which nevertheless produces _Maiz_ and Fruit-Trees. The Natives us’d to dig large and deep Pits, in which they Sow’d and Planted, and at every Root laid the Head of a Fish call’d a _Sardin_, which they caught in Nets on the Sea-shore; wherein nevertheless nothing would have grown, but for the Morning Dews which fell. The _Ingas_ also had curious Banquetting-houses here. In these Parts there grows a sort of Tree call’d _Mala_, of which _Acosta_ relates a strange Wonder of Nature, very remarkable, _viz._ That it flourishes and bears Fruit on that side which beholds the South, in that Season when it is Summer on the Mountains; the other which views the Sea, Blossoming and bearing Fruit when it is Summer on the Plains.

The Valley _Guarco_, spacious and full of Trees, produces especially the pleasant Fruit _Guayaves_ and _Guavas_, as also the best Wheat in _Peru_; wherefore it is vended all over the Countrey. Here are also the Ruines of another stately Castle, built by the _Ingas_, the former lustre whereof is testifi’d by its remaining Walls, which consist of exceeding great Stones, so neatly joyn’d together without Mortar, that it appears like one entire Stone; and by the decay’d Structures of several Halls, much of the curious Painting whereof is yet to be seen; from the Castle a large pair of Stairs led down to the Sea-shore. Two Leagues farther the River _Lunagun_ runs through the fertile Valley of the same Denomination. The fatness of this Soil is chiefly ascrib’d to the Dung of a Fowl call’d _Guana_, which the Natives fetch in great abundance from the Isles near the Main.

Next follows the Valley _Chinca_, one of the biggest in all _Peru_, and before the _Spaniards_ Arrival very populous. In the time of the _Ingas_ it also shew’d a magnificent Temple Dedicated to the Sun, built by _Tepaja Jupangue_; yet the Inhabitants still remain’d constant in the worshipping of their old Idol _Cinciapema_. Hither the _Ingas_ sent their conquer’d Princes, who on a certain time were to appear in _Cusco_. The _Dominicans_ at present possess here a neat Cloyster, from whence leads a plain Road to the Dale _Ica_, water’d by the River _Pisco_, which is dry in Summer; wherefore the Natives brought a Ditch from the Mountains, which since the _Spaniards_ destroying the Inhabitants, is choak’d up with Sand.

Next the Valley _Nasca_ comes in view, famous for the Castle _Caxamalca_, where the _Ingas_ kept all manner of Ammunition for War, besides several Tombs, out of which the _Spaniards_ took great Riches. This Valley is divided into several others, which for the most part produce Sugar-Canes; and through them all runs the Royal High-way, which is Wall’d in on both sides.

Beyond _Nasca_ lie one behind another the Valleys _Hacari_, _Oconna_, _Camana_, and _Quilca_, all of them affording good Pasture for Cattel, and Fruit, yet are most of them desolate.

The County _Los Motilonos_, thinly inhabited for want of Provisions, and divided by two Rivers, separates _Moyobamba_ from the Countrey _Charasmal_.

Southward beyond _Caxamalca_ appear the Countreys _Guamachuco_, and a little farther _Conchucos_ and _Piscobamba_, all fruitful and pleasant, and adorn’d with several Structures built by the _Ingas_.

On the side of _Piscobamba_ the County _Guaraz_ extends it self over barren Mountains, through which the _Ingas_ cut a Royal High-way, and built a strong Castle at the Entrance into the Countrey; the Inhabitants whereof being very laborious, work very diligently in the Gold-Mines.

The Territory _Pincos_, water’d by a River, and famous for one of the stateliest of the _Peruvian_ Structures, is surrounded by the Countreys _Guayalcas_, _Turama_, _Bomba_, and _Conchucos_. The Mountains, though dangerous to Travellers by Lyons, great Bears, and other ravenous Beasts, afford abundance of Silver; and the fruitful Soil produces Wheat, _Maiz_, Grapes, Figs, Oranges, Quinces, Cittrons, Cedars, and; likewise feeds Goats, Horses, and other Cattel.

The Countrey _Viticos_, being within the Jurisdiction of _Guanuco_, lies amongst the Mountains _Andes_, whether _Inga Mango_ fled, when the _Spaniards_ made themselves Masters of _Peru_.

[Sidenote: Chief Towns and Places of note.]

The Towns and Places most observable and important in it belonging to the _Spaniards_, are 1. _Miraflores_, as the _Spaniards_ call it, a well seated and wealthy Town in the Valley of _Zanu_, as above mention’d, five Leagues distant from the Sea, where it hath likewise a good Haven or Port.

2. _Truxillo_, two or three Leagues distant from the Sea; the Haven whereof is said to be large, but not safe. The Town it self is seated in the Valley _Chinco_, upon the Banks of a pleasant River, whose Water doth not onely run through several Channels to moisten the Fields, but also to accommodate every House in the City: It hath broad Streets, a great Market-place, four Cloysters, two for the _Dominicans_, one for the _Augustines_, and the other for the _Franciscans_; one great Church, five hundred Houses, and a Palace, inhabited by the King’s Collectors, and many Banquetting-houses about it. The good situation and fruitfulness of the Soil, mov’d the Marquess _Francisco Pizarro_ to build this City here _Anno 1533._ but the Haven belonging to the same lies open to all manner of Winds, so that the Ships Ride here in great danger.

3. _La Parilla_, otherwise call’d _Santa_, fourteen Leagues beyond _Truxillo_ Southward, wash’d by the Southern Ocean, and one side by a fresh-water Stream, which being inclos’d between stony Cliffs, makes a secure Harbor.

4. _Arnedo_, seated ten Leagues Northward from _Lima_, amongst the Vineyards of the Valley _Chancas_; otherwise having no great matter in it remarkable, but a fair _Dominican_ Cloyster.

[Sidenote: Prizes taken here by Sir _Fran. Drake_.]

[Sidenote: _Spilbergen_ attempts the Place in vain.]

5. _Lima_, by the _Spaniards_ commonly call’d _La Cividad de los Reyes_, or _The City of Kings_, so nam’d because _Pizarro_, who built it, laid the first Stone on _Twelfth-day, Anno 1553._ which they call _The Feast of the Kings_: It is seated in the Valley of _Lima_, (from whence the City is also so denominated) one of the fruitfullest Parts of all _Peru_, and so neatly built, that all the chief Streets of the City open upon a fair Market-place, or _Piazza_, of such a large Square, that upon the sides thereof are built, in a stately and convenient manner, the Cathedral, the Palace of the Archbishop, the Vice-Roy’s Palace and Courts of Justice, with the Exchequer or Publick Treasury, the Town-house or place where the City Magistrates meet and hold their Courts, the Publick Armory or Magazine, and a Free-School, wherein are taught by the _Jesuits_ all Arts and Sciences, and also the _Indian_ Language, and divers other fair Buildings of the Nobility and better sort of Citizens. No Countrey under the Heavens affords a more fruitful or pleasanter Place than this; the temperate Climate neither troubling the Inhabitants with excessive Heats or great Colds, nor terrifying them with Thunder or Lightning, but having almost perpetual Sun-shine and fair Weather; onely the three Winter Moneths, wherein there falls a sweet-smelling Dew, which cures the Head-ache; and there die but very few of pestilential Distempers. The Countrey about the City is pleasant without exception. The Pigeons which are kept here in curious Houses built on purpose, flie a thousand in a Flight. The Fields abound also with Cattel. The Orchards and Gardens flourish with all sorts of Trees and Plants, whereof those that are brought hither from _Spain_ grow better than in their natural Countrey. The West side of the City is wash’d by a pure & clear Stream, which stores the Market with great plenty of good Fish, it being distant but a Musquet shot, especially when the Water rises. This River is of great consequence, for it not onely waters the whole Valley of _Lima_ with its several Branches, but also runs under every House in the City, being built on Stone Arches; they are onely one Story high, because there is no Wood to be had in the Valley of _Lima_ but what in three years becomes all Woorm-eaten; nevertheless the Houses are very beautiful both within and without; the Walls being very thick and strong, have curious Arbors of green Boughs on the top, in which the Owners shade themselves from the Sun. Most of the Houses built in the high Streets have pleasant Turrets, which face the Market-place, where all sorts of Provisions are brought to Sale, as Oxen, Sheep, Venison, Sugar, Oranges, Cittrons, Grapes, and Wheat, which is ground in Water-Mills built near the River. This City is inhabited by many able Merchants, which often load Ships to _Panama_, that are valu’d at above two hundred thousand _Ducats_. To the Arch-bishop’s See of this Place belongs the Bishopricks of _Chili_, _Charcas_, _Quito_, _Cusco_, _Truxillo_, _Guanuco_, _Popaian_, _San Francisco_, _Panama_, _Nicaragua_, and _Rio de la Plata_. The City is also adorn’d with two fair Churches, besides the Cathedral, and also other lesser Churches, four stately Cloysters, two Nunneries, and the _Jesuits_ Palace, which is very magnificent. The Haven two Leagues distant from it, and call’d _Callao de Lima_, is large and secure for Ships. _Anno 1579._ Sir _Francis Drake_ took twelve Ships from hence, one whereof was laden with Linnen and Silk, besides a great Chest full of Silver: Which Inconvenience to prevent for the future, the _Spaniards_ have built two strong Forts, and fortifi’d them with Brass Guns. Thirty years after Sir _Francis Drake_’s Exploit, _Joris Spilbergen_ coming to Anchor here, found the Place all inhabited, a Fort well stor’d with Guns, and a strong Castle before the Mouth of the Harbor, from whence they shot Bullets of thirty six Pound weight at the _Hollanders_, and so shatter’d their Frigat, call’d _The Hunter_, that she could scarce keep above Water: Fourteen _Spanish_ Merchant-men lying near the Shore, receiv’d little damage, _Spilbergen_ not being able for Shelves to get to them, neither did he judge it convenient to Land, the Vice-Roy having at that time above four thousand Men in Arms, besides several Troops of Horse; wherefore after having fir’d several Guns on the Fort, and against the Church, he set Sail to _Guarmey_.

6. _Cannete_, otherwise call’d _Guarco_, from the Valley wherein it is situate: It was built by the _Spaniards_ out of the Treasure which they found in the Castle afore spoken of in the same Valley.

7. _Valverde_, situate in a Valley of the same Name, where excellent Fruit may be had for a small Price; it is a well Traded and rich Town, about sixteen Leagues distant from the Sea.

8. _Pachacama_, situate in a Territory of the same Name, four Leagues Southward of _Lima_, memorable chiefly for _Pizarro_’s good fortune here, who is reported to have found in one onely old Temple of the Natives, the quantity of nine hundred thousand _Ducats_ of Gold and Silver, besides what his Soldiers are suppos’d to have seiz’d on, and convey’d away before he came.

9. _Castro Verreina_, threescore Leagues distant from _Lima_ to the South-East: It lieth in the Valley of _Chocolocha_, and is a rich Place, by reason of the good Mines of Silver which are about it, and abundance of the best sort of Tobacco.

10. _Miguel de la Ribera_, in the Valley of _Camana_. The Inhabitants whereof drive a great Trade in Wine, Figs, and Raisins.

11. The City _Arequipa_, which extends up towards the Mountains, is built in the Dale _Quilca_, which runs eleven Leagues from the Sea, under a healthful Climate; but in the Year 1582. it was wholly ruin’d by an Earthquake; the reason whereof is ascrib’d to the wet sulphurous Mountains, which burns continually, and sometimes vomits out Flames and Ashes. The Marquess _Pizarro_ built this City forty six years before the fore-mention’d Earthquake, since which being re-built again, soon attain’d to three hundred Houses, besides a Church and Cloyster; and though it be but a small Town, yet it is of a great resort, because the Gold and Silver is brought hither from the Mines _Chancos_, _Porco_, and _Potosi_, and from thence sent down the River _Quilca_, which washing the City Walls runs into the South Sea to _Los Reyos_, and from thence to _Panama_, _Nombre de Dios_, and _New Spain_. The Jurisdiction of this City _Arequipa_ extends it self a vast way, _viz._ over the spacious Valleys between _Hacari_ and _Tampaca_, and up in the Countrey beyond the County _Condesuyo_, full of Hamlets and Villages; the Inhabitants whereof heretofore worshipp’d the Sun. By the Way from _Arequipa_ to _Collao_ lie two great Lakes, out of one of which the River _Aparima_ takes its original.

12. _Caxamalca_, rather a Fort than a Town, in a Territory of the same Denomination, built at the Foot of a Mountain wash’d with two Rivulets, over which lead several Bridges; near which also were formerly a stately Temple Consecrated to the Sun, wonderful Palaces and Baths for the _Ingas_, besides other magnificent Structures of Noble-men, which were the more famous for _Attabaliba_’s Imprisonment and Death. The Soil round about may compare with any part of the World for fertility. The Inhabitants are a peaceable ingenious People, and make curious woollen Hangings.

13. _St. Juan de la Frontera_, built by the _Spaniards_ North-East and by East from _Caxamalca_ in the County _Chiachinpoyas_, full of Gold-Mines and Cattel; to which belongs not onely _Chiachinpoyas_, but also the Countreys _Guiancas_ and _Cascainga_, out of which above twenty thousand _Peruvians_ pay Tribute to the _Spanish_ King. These People especially the Women, are very comely and beautiful; for which reason the _Ingas_ fetch’d their Wives and Concubines from thence. Eastward from _Frontera_ rise the high Mountains _Andes_, behind which flows the great River _Mayobamba_ by several poor Villages inhabited by a sottish kind of People.

14. _San Jago de las Valles_, built in an ill place amongst the Shrubs and overflowing Rivers. In this Countrey grows a Tree which bears a juicy Fruit, not unlike an Almond in prickly Rinds, but resembling those which cover a Chesnut, concerning which Physicians have deliver’d their Opinions, That there is not a wholsomer Fruit in the whole World.

15. _Leon de Guanuco_, which receiv’d that Denomination from its Builder _Vacca de Castro_, who call’d it _Leon_, because he was born in the _Spanish_ City _Leon_, and _Guanuco_ from the stately Palace of the _Ingas_ which was built here: The Houses are built of Free-stone, and cover’d with Thatch. The Citizens of _Los Reyos_ were much against the building of this Town, because several Lands belonging to them were taken away and given to _Guanuco_, where the temperate Air grants long Life and Health to the Inhabitants. The High-way, in which stand several Store-houses, formerly full of Ammunition, runs through the middle of this Countrey, where in the time of the _Ingas_ dwelt Astronomers, who by looking on the Stars pretended to tell future Events. Here the Women also us’d to be burnt alive with their Husbands.

SECT. V.
Cusco.

[Sidenote: Situation and Description of _Cusco_.]

_Cusco_ is the far greater part of the Province of _Peru_, containing generally all the _Sierra_, or _Hill-Countreys_, and those parts of the _Andes_ likewise which lie Southward of the little Province or _Cantred_ of _Guanuco_, being Coasted Westward and to the North-West with _Lima_; Eastward, with _Los Quixos_, and some part of _Guiana_; and on the South, with _Charcas_; enjoying for the most part a temperate and good Air, neither over-heated with the scorching Sun in the day, nor damp’d with any cold Mists or Dews in the Evening, as some parts of the Plains of _Peru_ are, but well water’d with many fresh Rivers, which make the Valleys and lower Grounds of it good Pasturage, able to maintain great Herds of Cattel. The Woods are especially stor’d with the _Coca_, whose Leaf is accounted restorative, and with much excellent Venison.

[Sidenote: The several Valleys, and other Territories belonging to
_Collao_.]

In this Province also there are some lesser Divisions of Countreys necessary to be describ’d, _viz._ the cold and barren Countrey _Bambon_, jutting against _Guanuco_, inhabited antiently by a valiant People, especially near the Lake _Chincacocha_, which is ten Leagues in circumference; in the middle of it are several Cliffs and little Isles: And out of this Lake also the famous River _De la Plata_ hath its original, and runs through the Valley _Xauxa_, receiving by the way the Streams _Parcos_, _Bilcas_, _Abancay_, _Apurima_, _Yucay_, and others.

The next Countreys in order towards the South are _Tarana_, abounding with Wheat, and the eminent Valley _Xauxa_, surrounded with snowy Mountains. The Inhabitants by a general Name call’d _Guancas_, were antiently divided into three sorts, _viz._ the _Maracabilca_, _Laxapalanga_, and _Xauxa_. Here were also several stately Houses built by the _Ingas_.

Upon this Valley borders the Village _Acos_ near a Moorish place full of Canes; but before you approach the Village you come near a high Plain, where the Ruines of an antient Structure appear; and somewhat farther the Palace _Pico_: from whence the High-way directs to the Bridge _Angoyaca_, which leads cross the River _Xauxa_; near which the _Ingas_ had several magnificent Structures, and Baths of warm Springs. Not far from hence is the Village _Picoy_; between which and _Angoyaca_ the Arm of the River _Xauxa_ is cut with a Bridge, because in the Winter it glides so swift that they cannot Ferry over it.

From _Picoy_ you go to the Wild, in whose Center stands the antient Castle _Pucara_, (which in the _Peruvian_ Tongue signifies _Invincible Fort_) where the _Ingas_ receiv’d their Tribute from the neighboring People that live amongst the snowy Mountains.

The Banks of the great River _Vinaque_ are crown’d with the Ruines of antient Structures, which (as the Natives relate) were built by foreign People; which Assertion of theirs seems to be confirm’d by the form and manner of Building, differing from the _Ingas_ Structures, which us’d to be long and narrow. Moreover, several sweet Streams, abounding with Fish, especially Crabs, glide through the Plain-Countrey out of the Mountains _Andes_.

Not far from hence appears the Plain _Chapas_, and the Palaces _Pilcas_, of which now nothing remains but a heap of Rubbish, which lies in the Center of _Peru_. A fresh-water River, which gives the fore-mention’d Palaces their Denomination, glides out of _Soras_, and washes the High-way and stately Temple of the Sun.

The Countrey _Soras_, exceeding fertile, and stock’d with Gold and Silver Mines, is inhabited by a People which go Cloth’d in woollen Cloth, and for their Valor formerly much esteem’d by the _Ingas_.

Those that inhabit the Countrey _Uramar_ are call’d _Chancas_, whose Neighbors possess a long Tract of Land abounding with Cattel and Fruit, but of late are most of them destroy’d by the _Spaniards_.

The River _Abanca_, which takes its original in the Mountainous County _Parinacocha_, washes several Royal Buildings, and at last discharges its Waters into the River _Xauxa_.

On each side of the great River _Apurima_ are erected two wonderful Stone Pillars, over which lies a most artificial Bridge built by the _Ingas_; from whence the Highway, being cut through hard Rocks, leads up into the Countrey; where the stately Buildings of _Limatambo_ shew themselves; and beyond the Mountain _Bilcaconga_ the Valley _Xaquixaguana_, inclos’d between high Rocks, comes in view, where the _Ingas_ us’d to recreate themselves in their Banquetting-houses; from whence the Highway, which is Wall’d in on both sides, runs directly through deep Moorish Grounds to _Cusco_.

[Sidenote: _Peter Anzurez_ his Journey.]

Eastward from _Cusco_, behind the _Andes_, are many large Countreys, which to discover the _Spaniards_ spar’d neither trouble, danger, nor charge: between both they found vast Wildernesses, inaccessible Mountains, and overgrown Countreys; yet at last they opened four ways thither: the first whereof runs through the Valley _Paquil_ to _Tono_, a Village in the middle of the Mountains; from thence to the River _Opotazi_, along which it is very troublesom travelling, because of the thick Woods and steep Rocks: lastly to the hot and fruitful Valley _Abisca_, and so to vast Wildernesses, overgrown with Brambles and Bushes, which prevented any farther Discovery. The second Way runs thirty Leagues farther to the Southward, through the Countreys _Sandia_, _Camata_ and _Caravaya_, to _Zama_. Through this Way, _Anno 1538. Peter Anzurez_ travell’d; setting out from _Zama_, he found many desolate Mountains, barren Wilds, and close Woods, through which he entred into the County _Tacana_, and from thence to the River _Omapalchas_, inhabited on both sides by the _Cheriabones_ and _Marquires_, who oppos’d him in his crossing over the River; but meeting with nothing but barren Commons, he travell’d up along the River, and view’d the Countreys _Moios_, _Cochabamba_, and _Chuguiabo_, from whence he return’d to _Collao_, having lost most of his People by Hunger and Hardship. But not long after others went over the _Andes_ to the Countreys which extend themselves East and West, some whereof travell’d through _Camata_, and others through _Cochabamba_.

[Sidenote: Towns and Places of note.]

The principal Towns and Places of Trade in it are, 1. _Bombon_, situate upon the Lake _Chinchacocha_, said to be ten Leagues in compass, begirt round about almost with Hills, and having neighborhood with many other lesser, but pleasant Villages.

2. _Parcos_, once a Palace Royal of the _Ingas_, seated on the top of a little Hill, encompass’d with other Rocky and higher Mountains on all sides.

3. _San Juan de Vittoria_, which the Marquess _Pizarro_ built _Anno 1539._ to secure the Way between _Lima_ and _Cusco_, from the Assaults of the _Peruvians_, before he absolutely conquer’d this Kingdom: the Walls are wash’d by a sweet Stream, to the great convenience of the Citizens.

4. _Guamanga_, a City lying in a pleasant Plain under a healthful Climate, built with Stone-houses cover’d with Tyles; the Owners whereof have great store of Land, which they Sowe with Wheat, and also breed plenty of Cattel. To this City, which is adorn’d with three Churches, five Cloysters, and a large Almshouse, above thirty thousand _Peruvians_ bring annual Tribute. The Mines produce Gold, Silver, Copper, Iron, Lead, Sulphur, and Load-stones; near which grows the poysonous Herb _Mio_, which kills the Cattel that chance to eat thereof. In the Woods also hereabouts feeds a Beast, whose Piss stinks at a Miles distance. This City is by some deliver’d to be the same with _San Juan de la Vittoria_ above mention’d.

5. _Bilcas_, another Palace of the _Ingas_, now a good Town of the Natives, and situate, as is suppos’d, in the very midst of the Countrey of _Peru_.

6. _Guancavelica_, a new Town, rais’d from the condition of a very poor Village, to a Place of very great Importance and Traffick, onely by the Mines of Quicksilver, which were first discover’d there in the Year 1566. by _Amador Cabrera_, through the assistance of a _Peruvian_ nam’d _Mavincopa_: This _Cabrera_ selling his Interest for a hundred and fifty thousand _Ducats_, Su’d the Buyer, upon pretence that he had sold it above one half under the value: whilest this was depending, _Peter Ferdinando de Valasco_ came from _Mexico_ to _Guamanga_, to make trial of the cleansing of Silver by Quicksilver, and finding it to succeed according to his expectation, he sent great quantities of it to _Arica_, and from thence by Land to _Potosi_. The King of _Spain_ is said to receive from this Mine of _Guancavelica_, all his Charges defray’d, above a thousand Pound _per Annum_ for his usual fifth part: But the antient Natives regarded not these Mines so much for the Quicksilver as for the Vermilion which is found mix’d with it, wherewith they delighted very much to paint their Bodies: There is great Art now us’d in the separating of the Quicksilver from the Vermilion.

This Town was long since inhabited by two thousand _Spaniards_ at least, and twice as many Natives.

[Sidenote: The original of the City _Cusco_.]

7. _Cusco_, which is the Metropolis of the Kingdom of _Peru_, built on a hard Ground, surrounded with Mountains, under a cold, yet wholsom Climate, and wash’d by two Rivers, which on the East side of _Cusco_ parting, one runs direct West, and the other Southward. One part of the City antiently bore the Denomination of _Haran-Cusco_, and the second, _Oren-Cusco_, where the chief Nobility and most antient Families dwelt. Concerning the original of this Place, the _Peruvians_ say, That several Ages past there appear’d three Men, call’d _Ayrache_, _Aranca_, and _Ajarmango_, and with them three Women, nam’d _Mamacola_, _Mamacona_, and _Mamaragua_, all of them very richly Cloth’d; that _Ayrache_ had a Precious Stone at the end of a Truncheon, which by holding up he rais’d the Mountains to the Skies, and when he let it fall, levell’d them with the lowest Valleys: _Aranca_ and _Ajarmango_ concluded to build a stately City, and sent for People from remote Countries to inhabit it; with which Design the Natives thereabouts seem’d to be well pleas’d: but before they went to work they judg’d it convenient to destroy _Ayrache_, whose great Power they envy’d: This being resolv’d upon, they invited him to a deep narrow-mouth’d Cave, that there they might worship the Sun his Father (for so Descended he took upon him to be), he was no sooner entred but the rest shut the Mouth of the Cave with great Stones, hoping so to starve him to death; which _Ayrache_ observing, stood amaz’d a while, till at last he threw off all the Stones, and flew with great and divers colour’d Wings up into the Air, crying aloud, _Fear not_, Aranca _and_ Ajarmango, _though you have design’d to take away my Life, but build a City in this place, and call it_ Cusco; _for in it shall stand the Seat of the_ Ingas, _under whose Jurisdiction extending far and near, many great Nations shall bow. The Temple which the Gods have there design’d shall not onely exceed all other Structures in the World, in Art and Costliness, but be famous for strange Offerings to the Sun. If the Citizens build Altars for me, burn Myrrh, and make Offerings to me, they may certainly expect to vanquish all their Enemies, and increase their Power. According to my Example bore Holes through your Ears, as a sign of Obedience._ All which _Aranca_, _Ajarmango_, and the fore-mention’d Women promis’d to perform. Whereupon _Ayrache_ gave them a rich Diadem with a Tassel, which was to be the Head-Ornament of the succeeding _Ingas_; which they had no sooner receiv’d, but _Ayrache_ and _Aranca_ were turn’d into Stones, yet retaining their former shape; which _Ajarmango_ observing, fell straight, together with the three Women, upon building the City _Cusco_. After the Deluge breaking out of the Hole _Tambo_, he chang’d his Name of _Ajarmango_ for _Mangocapa_, that is, _Mighty Lord_, and made himself, as they say, the first _Peruvian_ King. The City _Cusco_ was divided into four Wards, the East call’d _Andosayo_, the South _Callasayo_ the North, _Chinchasuyo_, and the West _Condesayo_, every one so call’d from the Countreys, to which the Gates of the four Wards are oppos’d.

If any one coming out of another Countrey, setled himself in _Cusco_, as it hapned daily, he was permitted to dwell no where but in that Ward which fronted his native Countrey. The four high Streets, which through these Wards one way fall into the Market-place, being in the middle of the City, are the other way answerable to the four principal High-ways, _viz._ that which leads to _Quito_ and _Pasto_, through _Chinchasuyo_; to _Arehuipa_, through _Condesuyo_; to the Mountains _Andes_, through _Andesuyo_; and to _Chili_, through _Collasuyo_. The two Rivers before mention’d, which part at the East end of the City, are pass’d over with divers Bridges. The narrow Streets are full of Stone Houses, built in good Order. In several places are Vaulted Cellars under Ground, in some of which are buried great Treasures: they had been formerly the Habitations for Necromancers and Soothsayers; for this sort of People were once in great esteem amongst the Inhabitants, who coming from _Chili_, _Pasto_, _Bocamores_, _Topona_, _Bombon_, _Charcas_, _Collao_, _Chiachiapoias_, _Conchucos_, and other _Peruvian_ Countreys, receive great benefit from the fresh Water, and from the Corn-Mills built on the Streets through the City.

[Sidenote: The antient Palaces and other stately Structures in _Cusco_.]

The stately Palaces which the _Peruvian_ Nobility have at several times built in _Oren-Cusco_, being one part of the City, are very wonderful, the Owners whereof were forc’d by the _Ingas_ to appear at Court at Set-times, that so he might prevent all Insurrections: Also he caus’d the Children of the prime Lords to be brought up in _Cusco_, under pretence that they might learn the _Cuscoan_ Tongue perfectly, in which the _Ingas_ would always be spoken to; whenas their Design was to keep them as Hostages in their own Jurisdictions, that their Fathers might not rebel; by which means it hapned, that in most places of _Peru_, which amongst the several Tribes and Principalities had several Languages, the _Cuscoan_ Tongue was understood and spoken. But the _Spaniards_, who are the present Possessors thereof, have alter’d and repair’d most of the ordinary Houses, which are now neatly built of Stone. Above all the old Structures, the Palace of the _Ingas_, and the Temple of the Sun, are the most magnificent; the Palace lies inclos’d within a square quadruple Wall, each corner whereof is adorn’d and strengthned with a Tower: The Palace it self is built round, and with Arches; but that which chiefly amazes the Beholder, is to see how the Stones, which are so big that forty Horses are not able to stir one of them out of its place, were brought thither by the Labor of the Builders from the neighboring Mountains; for the _Peruvians_ never made use of any laboring Beast, except their Sheep _Pacos_, not knowing the use of Horses, Camels, Oxen, Elephants, or the like, before the _Spaniards_ coming thither. The Halls within the Palace were Wainscoted with Golden Plates: yet the _Inga_’s Apparel was not answerable to the rest of his Pomp; for in stead of a Crown they bound their Heads about with a red woollen Sash, with which they almost cover’d their Eyes; at the end of the Sash hung certain Ribbands, which they gave the Governor as occasion offer’d, that by this Sign, as by a Commission, they might exercise their Offices; the sight of which String caus’d such Obedience, that if the _Inga_ had commanded the Inhabitants of a Town or Countrey to murder themselves, none durst deny. The _Inga_ was generally carried by a hundred of his Noble-men, of whom if any one had accidentally chanc’d to stumble, he was immediately put to death. No man durst presume to look him in the Face, or speak to him without a Present.

[Sidenote: The Temple _Curicanche_.]

[Sidenote: A cruel Battel between two Brothers.]

The Temple _Curicanche_, Dedicated to the Sun, was certainly the most rich and sumptuous that ever the World boasted, it being Govern’d by the Chief Priest _Villanoa_. The Inga _Guainacava_ spent an invaluable Treasure in the building of this Structure, for he cover’d the Roof and Walls with thick Plates of massie Gold and Silver. At his return home from the Conquest of the Province of _Quito_, from whence the Inhabitants, according to an antient Custom of the _Ingas_, were carried to one of the remotest Countreys in _Peru_. But _Guainacava_ enamor’d of a _Quitoan_ Maid, staid a considerable time in the City _Quito_, and kept a splendid Wedding at the Marriage of his Bride, who bare unto him the famous _Attabaliba_, whom he lov’d beyond all his other Children, and a little before his death made him King of _Quito_. But _Huascar_ after _Guainacava_’s Decease would not suffer his Brother to live in the late conquer’d Kingdom of _Quito_, but gave him Battel in the Plain of _Tomebamba_, which lasted three days and three Nights, and after much Blood-shed, _Attabaliba_ being defeated was taken Prisoner, and not long after making his Escape by the help of an antient Woman (whilest _Huascar_’s Commanders and Soldiers rejoyc’d with Cups full of _Chica_ for their gotten Victory) he made his Subjects in _Quito_ believe, that he being transform’d into a Serpent, crept through a little Hole out of the Prison; and that he had a Promise from Heaven to obtain Conquest over _Huascar_; which being believ’d, stirr’d up all his Subjects to take up Arms, and valiantly to go and meet the Enemy, whom they not onely defeated, but took _Huascar_ Prisoner.

[Sidenote: _Zaires_ the Son of _Mango Inga_ submits to the _Spaniards_.]

_Huascar_ being destroy’d by _Attabaliba_, and _Attabaliba_ by _Pizarro_, _Mango Inga_ their youngest Brother took the Government upon him, made continual Sallies upon the _Spaniards_ from inaccessible Mountains, and at his Decease left the remaining part of _Peru_ to his Son _Zaires Topa_; who seeing no good to be done by force of Arms, submitted himself freely to the King of _Spain_’s Jurisdiction in the Year 1557. since which the _Spaniards_ have been sole Masters.

There are at this day four great Churches in _Cusco_: Also the _Dominicans_, _Franciscans_, _Augustines_, and the Monks _De la Merced_, have each of them stately Cloysters here: but the _Jesuits_ Structure exceeds all the other.

Above forty thousand _Peruvians_ pay annual Tribute to this City. In the Valley about the City feed abundance of Cattel; also Wheat, and all manner of Herbs grow here in great plenty. The Gold and Silver-Mines have not that resort which they had formerly, most of the Workmen being remov’d to _Potosi_.

Concerning the Service which they perform’d in the fore-mention’d Temple of the Sun, and their superstitious Opinions about their Idol _Con_, they are much of the same ridiculous nature with what hath been already Discours’d of in other places. Five Leagues Southwardly from _Cusco_ lies the Valley _Yucay_ between high snowy Mountains, under a temperate Climate and pleasant Soil. Not far from hence the _Ingas_ built a most invincible Castle on a Rock, which was surrounded with many cliffy Walls one above another; these Walls were also Carv’d with Images of Lyons, Tygers, and other wild Beasts, which held Lances in their Paws; the top of the Rock was crown’d with a Royal Structure built of Stone, through which ran Golden Veins, joyn’d together with a certain Gum, by some call’d _Jews-Lime_. To the Province of _Condesuyo_ belong the valiant People _Chumbibalcas_ and _Ubinas_. In the County _Pomatambo_ they make Carpets of fine Wooll, curiously Painted.

8. The City _Francisco de Vittoria_, which lies in the rough Valley _Vilcabamba_, and is inclos’d by the Mountains _Andes_, belonging to the Jurisdiction of the Province _Andésuyo_.

9. The Village _Juan del Oro_, which is the chief Place of the Countrey _Caravaya_, and so call’d by the _Spaniards_ from the fine Gold which is found there in great abundance.

[Sidenote: Havens, Isles, and Points in _Peru_.]

Along the Sea-Coast of _Peru_ belonging to the Jurisdiction of _Los Reyos_, lie the following Havens, Isles and Points.

South-East from the Promontory _Aguya_, rises the Isle _St. Roque_ out of the South-Sea, surrounded with Rocks, and abounds with Birds of prey; through the midst of it runs a River which divides the Island.

The Haven _Malabrigo_, ill defended against the Winds, cannot be entred by great Vessels, unless in calm Weather.

Next follow the Harbors _Guanape_ and _Santa_, where the Ships us’d to furnish themselves with Water out of a fresh River; _Casuya_ and _Guarmay_, both inhabited by _Peruvians_.

Near the Mouth of the Road _Guara_ stands a large Salt-pan, the Salt about which is found in great hard Pieces. The Island _Collao_ secures the Haven before _Lima_.

Behind _Cape Guarco_ lies the _Lobos_; and not far from hence the Harbor _Sangallan_, being so commodious that the _Spaniards_ consider’d a long time whether they should build the City _Los Reyos_ here.

The Promontory _Nasca_ affords also good shelter for Ships; and the Haven _Hacari_ yields store of Refreshments. Moreover, the Streams _Oconna_, _Camana_, and _Quilca_ discharge their Waters into the Sea.

The Haven _Arequipa_ appears at its Mouth like a little Pool, surrounded with Mountains.

Between _Quilca_ and the River _Tamboyalla_ lies the Isle _Nuli_; and a little more Southward the Haven _Paracca_ and _Pisca_; and up in the Countrey the Village _Yca_, where the most and best _Peruvian_ Wine is to be had.

SECT. VI.
Los Charcas.

[Sidenote: Situation and Description of _Los Charcas_.]