Chapter M (12)

Sir _Francis Drake_ and _Candish_ were formerly somewhat roughly Entertain’d here by the Inhabitants: but they shew’d themselves somewhat more civil to the _Dutch_ Admirals, _Oliver Van Noort_ and _Joris Spilbergen_: The first coming to an Anchor here _Anno 1600._ put one _John Claeszoon_ (Condemn’d for some great Crime to be Landed on some strange Place) ashore on _La Mocha_, with a few Trifles; for which being kindly Entertain’d, the Seamen resolv’d to go ashore the next day, who were likewise civilly Treated. The Governor of _Mocha_ coming aboard, Lodg’d a Night in the Ship, and afterwards conducted the Admiral through the Village, but forbad the Seamen from entring any of the Huts; out of which the Women upon the hearing of a sudden noise, came running out, and kneel’d down on the Ground in three Parties, whilest an old Matron came forth with a Pitcher full of _Chica_, and gave each of the _Netherlanders_ a Cup full to drink, sitting on Blocks in the Fields.

A Man Marries as many Wives here as he can maintain. They all live peaceably one with another, and go Cloth’d with a pair of Breeches, and Frock without Sleeves. The Women tie their Hair in Braids about their Heads, but the Men let it hang down carelesly.

Fifteen years after _Spilbergen_ Landing here with four well Mann’d Boats, found the Shore full of People, who had brought all manner of Provisions to barter against Axes and Knives. The Islanders going aboard, wondred to see the Soldiers drawn out in order, and much more when a Gun was fir’d: They furnish’d the _Hollanders_ with a hundred Sheep, amongst which was one with an extraordinary long Neck, and Legs, Hair, Mouth, and Back like a Cammel.

The _Netherland_ Admiral, _Hendrick Brewer_, coming to an Anchor on the Coast of _Guadalanquen_, Anno 1643. was inform’d by the _Chileses_, that about four years before they had burnt _Baldivia_, murder’d the _Spaniards_ that were in Garrison, and pour’d melted Gold down the Governor’s Throat and into his Ears, and made a Drinking-Cup of his Scull, and Trumpets of his Shin-bones. _Brewer_ also found some Ruines of the City, which formerly boasted four hundred and fifty Houses, and was not yet so utterly defac’d, but that the two Markets and cross Streets were plainly to be seen, and the Walls gave sufficient testimony of its ancient lustre. The Countrey round about produces Wheat and Barley; neither are there any Mines to be found that produce finer Gold than those which are hereabouts. In the Mouth of the River which runs to _Baldivia_, lies a small Isle, the Men whereof are gross and fat, and spend their time in Drinking and Dancing, whilest the Women do all the Work.

About the City _Osorno_, though lying under a cold Climate, is a Soil full of Gold-Mines, where above two thousand _Chileses_ are under the subjection of the _Spaniards_.

Since _Teunis Swarte-Teun_ conquer’d and ruin’d this Place with small Forces under _Spilbergen_’s Command, it hath not yet repair’d its Losses: The Ruines of great Buildings are sufficient testimonies of its former splendor.

On the utmost Point of the Island, on which _Osorno_ is built, lies the Village _Carel-Mappo_, burnt by _H. Brewer_, An. 1643. for he Landing sixty six Men here, under the Command of the Ensign _Blauewenhaen_, they Engag’d with ninety _Spaniards_ who betook themselves to the Woods, leaving six Men and fifteen Horses behind them.

[Sidenote: Description of the Sea-Coast of _Chili_.]

The Sea-Coast of _Chile_ lies as followeth: It begins on the North with the Valley _Copayapo_, runs Southerly to the Haven _Coquimba_, and makes the large Inlet _Atongayo_; the convenient Harbor _Quintero_, at the Mouth of the River _Concagua_, is also to the Southward.

Next _Quintero_ follow the Havens _Valparaysa_, _Topocalma_, and _Penco_, known by several Mountains cover’d with Snow.

The Stream _Labapi_ disembogues also in the Bay _Arauco_, where the Sea washing over the Shore, makes good Salt.

On the Shore of the River _Lebo_, _Garcias Mendoza_ built the Town _Canete_, which not long after was deserted, by reason of the Wars with the _Chileses_.

From the Haven _Carnero_ a Channel runs to the City _Confines_: also the River _Cauten_ makes a convenient Harbor before the City _Imperial_.

Next appear the Streams _Tolten_, _Queule_, _Valdivia_, _Chabin_ and _Bueno_; and near the Promontory _Gallego_, _Chili_ ends to the South.

[Sidenote: The Province _Tucuman_.]

Eastward up into the Countrey lies the great Province _Tucuman_, inhabited by three sorts of People, _viz._ _Juries_, _Diagnitas_, and _Tucumans_, from whom the Countrey receives its Denomination, and juts Northward against the _Chicas_, belonging to the rich Plate-Countrey _Potosi_, Eastward towards the Province _La Plata_, and Westward towards the South Sea.

The Ground about the City _St. Jago del Estero_, formerly call’d _Vares_, being the Bishop’s See, and Residence of the Governors, is brackish and sandy. The Citizens are most of them Weavers; the Natives go Cloth’d, and are of an affable Temper and Disposition.

The River _Estera_ yearly overflows the Countrey, which being dung’d with Mud, produces abundance of _Maiz_, Barley, Wheat, and all manner of Fruits.

The Stream _Salado_ runs the same Course as the _Estera_, from the West to the East through a Plain-Countrey, but hath brackish Water, and abundance of Fish. Between both these Rivers the Inhabitants get plenty of Honey, Wax, Cotton, and _Cochenile_. Cattel also increases in abundance, as likewise Deer, and other Venison; and for Fowl, Partridges, Pigeons, and the like; but the Tygers and Lyons do much mischief to the Inhabitants. Their chief Commodities for Trade and Merchandise are Cloth, Cotton and Salt.

_Garcias Mendoza_ built the Towns _Neuva Londres_ in the Province _Calchaqui_, and _Gorduba_ in the Territory of the _Juries_, but they were both of them soon deserted.

Behind _Peru_ and _La Plata_ the Plains _Omaguaza_ extend themselves along the Rivers _Paraguay_ and _Bermeio_, under a temperate Climate, where the Inhabitants go Clothed, and keep abundance of Cattel.

[Sidenote: Productions of the Countrey, and Nature of the People.]

In most places hereabouts breed wonderful large Baboons, with long Tails and Beards; which being wounded, pull the Arrows out of the Wound, and throw back the same with a grim Countenance at those that shoot them.

The Serpents are likewise so big here, that they swallow whole Deer.

The Rivers breed horrid Crocodiles, and the Woods, Lyons and Tygers.

The Inhabitants differ both in their Customs and Language: the generality of them are continually Drunk. They keep yearly a great Feast, to reconcile the Souls of their Predecessors to them; to which purpose they bring as many roasted Ostriches as they have Souls to Offer to; then Drink three days after, and on the last they carry the Head of a fair Virgin (who freely offers her self to be kill’d) about the Town, making a sad and lamentable noise for the space of an hour; at the end of which they all begin to laugh, and oftentimes fall a killing one another: which Custom is most observ’d amongst the _Matarani_.

The _Abipones_ go naked in Summer, and in the Winter Clothe themselves with Furrs; they Paint their whole Bodies with Spots like the Tygers, Carve their Bodies all over, making Cut-work of their Skins, into which they stick Ostriches Feathers, as also through their Nostrils, Lips, and Ears, and account Baldness the greatest Beauty. They honor those for their Gods, who patiently endure unsufferable Tortures. The Women hang their Faces and Breasts full of Pearls: They never bring up above two Children, for they kill all above that number.

The _Planies_ range up and down without Habitations under the open Skie.

The Giants _Tobae_ speak a curious Language, but are very salvage and cruel. _Anno 1571._ _Erouaca_, a prime Man amongst them, devour’d his own Sister, Wife, Mother, and Children. When they design to go a Journey, they roast their Sons and Daughters, to serve them for Provisions in stead of other Flesh; and their Sick are upon the least Complaint bury’d alive.

The _Caaguiaares_, who dwell in Huts in great Woods, feed on Woorms, Mice, Apes, Tygers, and wild Honey; most of them are bunch-back’d, and go clad with the Skins of wild Beasts.

CHAP. III.
Magellanica.

[Sidenote: Several Voyages to _Magellanica_.]

Northward against _Chili_ and _Rio de la Plata_ juts the Countrey, which from _Ferdinand Magaglianus_ is wrongly call’d _Magellanica_; to which several Voyages have been made by sundry People from the North-Sea to the Southern Ocean, divers Steering still new Courses: for some follow’d the _Straights_ of _Magellan_; others Sail’d more or less South-West: By which means _Le Mair_ open’d a new Passage between _Mauritius_ and the _States-Island_; and _H. Brewer_, a Way below the _States-Island_; yet all Steer’d their Course Westerly, so that none of them return’d the same Way, except _Elias Herkmans_ and Capt. _Ladrillero_, the last of whom coming from _Chili_ to go to the North-Sea, met with such Storms, that he was forc’d to Tack about, and stand back again to _Chili_, as _Herkmans_ did from _Chili_ to _Brasile_.

[Sidenote: _Pedro Sarmiento_’s Expedition.]

_Anno 1579._ _Peter Sarmiento_ weigh’d Anchor with two Ships, and Sailing from _Callao de Lima_ through the _Straights_ of _Magellan_ to _Spain_, ran by the Isles _Felix_ and _Amber_, discover’d in one Inlet eighty five Isles, most of them desolate, sounded all the Havens, found abundance of Oysters with Pearls in them, call’d an Inlet _Francisco_, and a Mountain on the right-hand, _Punta de la Gente Rubra_, because the Inhabitants thereof painted their Bodies red, found the Havens _Misericordia_ and _Candelaria_, and the Island _Sataynes_, where five of the Natives gave him an Account of Sir _Francis Drake_, for whom he Cruis’d, and had sight of a snowy Mountain, whose top vomited Fire. On the Promontory _Ana_ he erected a woodden Cross, and laid a Writing under the same, wherein he advertis’d all Persons to take notice, that Pope _Alexander_ the Sixth had freely given the King of _Spain_ all the Countreys thereabouts. Not long after he Steer’d through the _Straights_ of _Magellan_ along the Coast of _Brasile_, to _Spain_.

[Sidenote: The Sea-Coast from _Chili_ to _Magellanica_.]

Concerning the Sea-Coast, which extends from _Chili_ to _Magellanica_, it is as followeth: Next to the Promontory _Felis_ lie _Cypriaen_, _Clara_, _Cabo de las Islas_, the Island _Socora_, the Haven _Domingo_, the Point _Gallego_, the Road _Stevan_, the Cape _Andres_, and _Ochavario_, and the Valley _Nuestra Sennora_, between two Hills. Along the Southern Ocean lie _Abra de San Guillen_, _Punta del Gada_, _Los Reyes_, _Innocentes_, _Augustine_, _Roia_, _Catalina_, _Amaro_, and _Victoriano_; before which the three Isles call’d _The Sorlings_, are seen in the Mouth of the _Straights_ against the South Sea.

_Magaglianus_ Steering hither, Winter’d within the _Straights_ in an Inlet call’d _St. Julian_, stay’d two Moneths before the Mouth of the River _Santa Cruiz_, where he took abundance of Fish, and from thence ran along the Shore to the Promontory _Las Virgines_, which receiv’d that Denomination, because it was discover’d on the Day Consecrated to _St. Ursula_ and her eleven thousand _Virgins_: Going a League up into the Countrey, he found a Hut, in which above two hundred dead Bodies were bury’d after a strange manner, and on the Shore a great Whale, driven on the Sands by a Storm. He nam’d the Countrey to the Southward, _Terra del Fuego_, because from the Promontory _Severino_ in the Night he espy’d several Fires. He was exceedingly delighted with the pleasant Coasts on each side of the _Straights_, which were the more pleasant, by reason of several Hills overgrown with sweet-smelling Trees, whose tops lay cover’d with Snow.

[Sidenote: The Expedition of _Garcias Loaysa_, _Alcazova_, and others.]

_Magaglianus_ was follow’d, _Anno 1525._ by _Garcias Loaysa_, who Sailing into the _Straights_ near the Promontory _Virgines_, endur’d great Colds; in the Haven _St. George_ he found store of green Cinamon: The People he reported to be of so monstrous a stature, that they might well be accounted Giants; some of whom went naked, others wore a Net of Feathers made fast about their Wastes, and others a loose Garment all over their Bodies. _Loaysa_ gave this Countrey, inhabited by Giants, the Denomination of _Terra del Patagoni_. He judg’d the _Straights_ of _Magellan_ to be a hundred and ten _Spanish_ Miles long between the two Promontories, _Virgines_ at the North Sea, and _Deseado_ at the Southern Ocean. Within lie three Inlets, which have seven Leagues in breadth.

_Simon Alcazova_ Sailing hither nine years after _Loaysa_, shunn’d the Land on the left-side of the _Straights_, because it lay most under Water, and was forc’d by his Men to return to the Haven _Leones_, where he and all his Seamen were put to death.

Not long after the Bishop of _Placentia_ fitted out three Sail, which entring the _Straights_, Anno 1540. lost their Admiral; the Vice-Admiral Wintering at the Inlet _Las Zorras_, (so call’d, because they took many Foxes on a Champain Countrey without Trees) return’d to _Spain_ without any farther success: the third Ship with much ado arriv’d also at _Arequipa_.

[Sidenote: The Voyages of _Hawkins_, _Drake_, and _Candish_.]

The _English_ Captain, _Richard Hawkins_, also Sailing hither, found the Land on the South side of the _Straights_, most broken, and in some places a few Huts.

_Anno 1578._ Sir _Francis Drake_ Sailing hither along the Coast of _Brasile_, Landing on an Island in the Mouth of the _Straights_, kill’d above three thousand Birds. Sailing from hence he was miserably toss’d in the South Sea, and discover’d about the middle of the _Straights_, that the Current out of the Southern and Northern Ocean met at the place where a great Bay bends Southwardly: To three Isles he gave the Name of _Elizabeth_, _Bartholomew_, and _George_, and drove three Weeks without making any Sail, in snowy, misty, and rainy Weather, falling amongst dangerous Rocks, and at last Anchor’d in the Haven _Health_, which he so call’d, because his sick and wearied Men being refresh’d there, he set Sail from thence and return’d home.

Captain _Thomas Candish_ following Sir _Francis Drake_ eight years after, found near a Creek within the City _Philip-stadt_, built there by the _Spaniards_, to secure the Passage out of the Northern to the Southern Ocean for themselves; to which purpose they held four hundred Men in Garrison in the said City, which lying near a pleasant Wood, was defended by four Bulwarks, each fortifi’d with a Brass Gun: But the _Spaniards_ not being able to endure the Cold, nor get in their Harvest, which was continually spoil’d by the Natives, were so pinch’d with Hunger, that after three years stay many of them dy’d in their Houses, which caus’d a filthy Stink, and consequently a vile Distemper, not unlike the Small-pox; at last twenty three of them, amongst whom were two Women, judg’d it convenient to bury their great Guns, and march away with their Musquets; a whole Year they travell’d in great want, feeding on the Leaves of Trees, wild Roots, and Fowls which they now and then kill’d; at last they resolv’d to travel by Land to _Rio de la Plata_, but never any news was heard what became of them, onely one _Spaniard_, call’d _Ferdinand_, being stray’d from the rest, was taken by _Candish_, to whom he gave the foremention’d Relation. _Candish_ entring _Philip-stadt_, found a Gibbet, on which hung a Malefactor in Chains, a Church, the Houses full of famish’d Bodies, and four Brass Guns, which he digg’d out of the Ground. From hence he ran to a fresh-water River (which disembogues into the _Straights_,) whose Banks are inhabited by cruel Cannibals, and the Countrey all about plain Pasture Grounds, whereas most part of the Shore in the _Straights_ is very mountainous. _Candish_ Landing, found _Spanish_ Knives and Stilletto’s amongst the Man-eaters, and lay a whole Moneth at Anchor in the western Mouth of _Magellanica_, by reason of great Storms, feeding on Mussles, Cockles, and Fowl; and from thence Sail’d about the World, returning home at last with a Booty of twenty Tun of Gold.

_Anno 1599._ _Simon de Cordes_ Commanding five _Netherland_ Vessels, entring the _Straights_ of _Magellan_, found in the green Bay, Mussles of a Span long, abundance of Ducks and Geese, and a great many Trees not unlike Laurel, they being onely bigger, and had a sharp biting Shell. The Wind blew exceeding hard here over the Rocks, insomuch that they were sometimes driven from four Anchors.

[Sidenote: The Bird _Pinguyn_.]

A few Moneths after _Oliver van Noord_ follow’d _Cordes_, and Anchor’d near the _Pinguyn_ Isles, the biggest whereof is call’d _Castemme_, and the least _Talke_; the Inhabitants thereof dwell in Caverns under Ground, and feed on the Birds _Pinguyns_, of whose Skins they make Mantles. These Birds weigh generally fifteen or sixteen Pound, have black Backs, white Bellies, very thick Skins, long Bills like Ravens, short thick Necks, two plum’d Fins in stead of Wings, black Feet like a Goose, and delicate Flesh, notwithstanding they feed on Fish, after which they swim very swift with the fore-mention’d Fins, which hang down on each side along their Bodies when they walk upright on the Shore; they sit generally four together in their Holes, made after such a manner, that a Man which knows not of them, may ere he be aware, sink up to the Knees in the same, and be bitten terribly by the Legs. _Cordes_ his Seamen got in two hours time above nine hundred of these Birds, whilest he discover’d the salvage People _Enoo_, which inhabit the Countrey _Cossi_, and are divided into the Families _Kemenetes_, _Kennekas_, and _Caraike_; the first inhabited the Territory _Carray_; the second _Caramay_; and the third, _Morine_: all of them Paint their Cheeks and Forehead. Farther into the Countrey dwell the _Trimenes_, a gigantick sort of People, eleven Foot high, who maintain continual Wars with their Neighbors.

[Sidenote: Great Discoveries of the _Netherlanders_ about the _Magellan
Straights_.]

Moreover, _Noord_ discover’d several Inlets full of Ice and fresh Water in the _Straights_ of _Magellan_, whither the _United Netherlands_ have since sent the Admirals _William Schouten_, _Joris Spilbergen_, and _Jaques le Heremite_. The common opinion, that the Countrey on the South side of _Magellan_ is of the Main Continent, Experience hath manifested; for _Schouten_ found the same, _Anno 1616._ who Sailing from _Porto Desire_, left the _Straights_ of _Magellan_ on the right-hand, and Sail’d Southerly through whitish Water, and in fifty four Degrees discover’d a Channel eight Leagues broad, through which ran a strong Current. The Coast rose with high Mountains, whose tops were cover’d with Snow. The utmost Point was call’d _Mauritius_, from the Prince of _Orange_; the broken Coast on the other side, _The States-Island_; and the _Straights_ it self, _Le Maire_, upon the Request of the Merchant _Jacob Le Maire_, whose Father _Isaac_ was chief owner of the two Ships of which _Schouten_ was Commander, who found so many Whales here, that he could scarce Steer clear of them, they swimming by hundreds in a Shoal. The Sea-pies, much bigger than Swans, suffer’d themselves to be caught by the Hands of the Sea-men. Moreover he call’d the barren grey Rocks, and others lesser, lying North-East from the Promontory _Hoorn_, _Barnevields Isles_. Sailing beyond the Point _Hoorn_, he was toss’d by the vast Billows that came rowling out of the West.

It was no sooner nois’d abroad, that the _Netherlanders_ had found the Straights _Le Maire_, but the _Spanish_ King _Philip_ immediately sent two Carvels thither, under the Command of _Garcias de Nodal_, who took an exact Account of the Heads, Roads, and Inlets belonging to the fore-mention’d _Straights_, and return’d without performing any other Exploits.

[Sidenote: _Diego Flores_ his unsuccessful Voyage to the _Straights_ of
_Magellan_.]

_Diego Flores_ Steer’d four years before _Candish_ to the _Straights_ of _Magellan_ with twenty three Sail of Ships, Mann’d with three thousand five hundred Seamen, besides five hundred old _Netherland_ Soldiers, with which he unhappily weigh’d Anchor from _Cales_; for before he got out of sight of the _Spanish_ Coast, he lost five of his Ships and eight hundred Men; yet prosecuting his Voyage, he stay’d during the Winter Season on the Coast of _Brasile_ and was surpris’d by so vehement a Storm, near the Island _Catalina_, that a company of Women, sent under the Charge of _Peter Sarmiento_ to Settle in the _Straights_ of _Magellan_, were all cast away, with the greatest part of the Ammunition and Provisions. The _English_ Admiral _Fenton_ took three Ships of this Fleet from _Flores_, two were cast away in the River _La Plata_, and one ran back to _Spain_, whilest _Flores_ came into the _Straights_ of _Magellan_ on the last day of _March_, at which time the whole Countrey lay cover’d with Snow; wherefore seeing no hopes of finding out any place to Settle _Sarmiento_ upon, he stood back with eight Sail to _Brasile_, and in his Return burnt three _French_ Ships, took two more, and Sail’d home. But his Lieutenant _Diego Ribera_, and the Governor _Peter Sarmiento_, Landed the Year after _Flores_ his departure, with four hundred Men, thirty Women, and Provisions for eight Moneths, in the _Straights_ of _Magellan_; from whence _Ribera_ Sail’d back, whilest _Sarmiento_ built on the North side of the Mouth of the _Straights_, the Town _Nombre de Jesus_; and fifty Leagues farther in the narrowest place, _Philip-stadt_, with four Bulwarks; the Inhabitants of which (as is before related) were destroy’d by Famine.

[Sidenote: Description of _Terra del Fuego_.]

_Terra del Fuego_, already mention’d, opposite to the Countrey of the _Patagones_, lying the South between the _Straights_ of _Magellan_, is a broken Countrey, with high Mountains full of Trees, and wash’d by pleasant Rivulets: four Foot deep in the Ground it begins to be all Rocky. The Air is troubled with exceeding great Winds out of the West. The Inhabitants are pale Countenanc’d, but Paint their Bodies with divers Colours; they have long, thick, and black Hair, and very sharp Teeth; the Men go stark naked; the Women cover their secret Parts with a piece of Leather, and wear Strings full of Shells about their Necks; some also Mantle themselves with the Skins of wild Beasts, which affords but little warmth against the Cold that is here in Winter. Their Huts consist of Trees, and are made round at bottom, and sharp on the top like a Tent, having onely a Hole for the Smoak to go out at; they are digg’d three Foot deep into the Ground, and also heap’d round with Earth; within the Huts nothing is to be found but Baskets with Fishing Utensils and Stone Hooks. Their offensive Arms the Men always carry about with them, because they always maintain Wars with their Neighbors. They handle a Quarter-staff very dexterously, are good Slingers and Bowemen; they also use Lances with sharp Stone Points. Moreover they make Boats of the Bark of Trees, which they first cut out into a Form, then sewing it together, bow the same after the manner of a Boat, which rises before and behind, and being fifteen or sixteen Foot long, can carry eight Men, going exceeding swift. These People are not onely beastial in their Practices, but also Murderers.

Lastly, besides the _Straights_ of _Le Maire_, _Henrick Brewer_ hath found a new Passage to the Eastward above the _States-Island_, out of the Northern Ocean to the South Sea.

CHAP. IV.
The unknown South-Land.

The unknown _South-Land_ extends with several Points to the Southern Ocean, which have been more seen than discover’d by divers Nations.

Opposite to the _East-India_ Island _Gilolo_, lies _Terra des Papous_, to which _Jacob Le Maire_ gave the Denomination of _New Guinee_.

The _English_ Commander, _Richard Hawkins_, Sailing to the Southward behind _Papou_, found the Inhabitants black like _Negro_’s: round about appear several Isles and convenient Harbors. _Herrera_ places here on the East, the Countrey _Agnanda_, the Road _St. Jago_, the Island _Los Crespos_, the Haven _Andreas_, the River _Virginum_, and the little Isle _La Vellena_, before the Mouth of the Stream _Augustine_. Next you meet Easterly with the Rivers _St. Peter_ and _St. Paul_, the Havens _Hieronymus_, the Isles _Punta Salida_, _Abrigo_, _Malagente_, and _Maure de Dios_, inhabited by white People.

[Sidenote: Discoveries in _Terra Australis incognita_.]

The first that discover’d _New Guinee_, Anno 1529. was _Alvares de Savedra_, who, as also several others besides him, suppos’d that some of the Islands _Solomons_ border _New Guinee_.

Eighteen of the many _Solomon_ Isles exceed the rest, of which some are three hundred Leagues in circumference, some two hundred, others one hundred, and some fifty: All that are inhabited have a fruitful Soil, producing all manner of Provisions, particularly Hogs and Poultrey. The Natives differ very much one from another, for some are black, others white or tawny.

The fore-mention’d _Hawkins_ in his Voyage towards the _Straights_ of _Magellan_, supposing it by estimation to be fifty Leagues from the Main Coast of _America_, discover’d forty Degrees to the Southward of the _Equinoctial Line_, with a Westerly Wind, the unknown _South-Land_; which he found to consist of low Land, and to be inhabited, by reason of the many Fires which he saw ashore in the Night.

The _Spanish_ Commander, _Peter Fernandes de Quiro_, and the Admiral _Lodowick Paes de Torres_, have made a farther Discovery of this Countrey; for Landing on the _South-Land_, they met with several People, some whereof were brown, others white, and others sallow; some had long and lank, others short and curl’d Hair: They acknowledg’d no King or supream Governor, nor were Govern’d by any Laws, neither had they any Wall’d Towns or Forts; but being divided amongst themselves, they continually Encountred one another with Darts, Clubs, and Staves. Their Houses built of Wood, were cover’d with the Leaves of Palm-Trees. Their Housholdstuff consisted in Earthen Dishes, Pots, Ropes, Fish-nets, Flutes, Drums, and varnish’d Spoons. Their Gardens were neatly kept. Near their Temples were Burying-places. They Row’d very swift in little Boats. Their Bread, well tasted, was made of long thick Roots, either roasted or boyl’d.

[Sidenote: Fertility, Plenty, and Riches of the Countrey.]

Here also grow sorts of _Platano_’s, great abundance of Almonds, Oranges, Citrons, thick Sugar-Canes, Palm-Trees, which yield Wine, _Cocoa_’s, and _Obos_, in taste not much unlike Quinces; but the greatest benefit which they receive, is from the _Cocoa_ Nuts, the Pulp whereof is delicious Meat and Drink; the outermost Shells whereof serve for Cups or Dishes, the inner for Ropes and Cordage; of the Leaves they make Sails and Mats, and cover their Houses with the same; of the Body, Oars, Clubs, Pikes, and Props for their Houses.

Besides several sorts of Pot-herbs, here grow very high Coleworts and _Bledo_’s.

The Countrey also abounds with Pigeons, Partridges, Ducks, Goats, Hogs, and other ordinary Cattel and Fowls.

The Rivers afford them Souls, Salmon, Thornback, Sea-Cocks, Eels, Gurnets, and several other unknown Fishes, very delicate and wholsom.

This Countrey also produces Nutmegs, Mastick, Peppers, Ginger, Cinamon, Gold, Silver, Pearls, Silk, Sugar, Anniseed, Honey, Wax, Ebony-wood, Turpentine, Lime-pits, and Marble.

_Philips-Bay_ bends twenty Leagues into the Countrey, hath a safe Harbor, and excellent Ground, consisting of black Sand. Two great Rivers discharge their Waters into the said Bay, round about which are pleasant Woods, full of Quails, Parrakito’s, Parrots, Nightingales, and Bulfinches, which Sing very sweetly. The Blossoms, especially of Orange-Trees, and the Herb _Alvaca_, yield an odoriferous smell. The wholsom Air adds vigor to aged People.

[Sidenote: _Abel Tasman_’s Expedition to _Terra Australis Incognita_.]

[Sidenote: _The Southlander’s desperate Attempt upon Tasman’s Ships._]

_Fernandes de Quir_ delivering the fore-mention’d Account to _Philip_ the Second, King of _Spain_, mov’d him to Plant the unknown _South-Land_, and the rather, because he had not found any snowy Mountains, drown’d Land, Crocodiles, _Muschito_’s, or any hurtful Creature, yet was not regarded; so that no _Spaniard_ hath since that time set Foot on the unknown _South-Land_. But the _East-India_ Company undertaking the Design with great eagerness, sent thither two Ships, _viz._ the _Hemskerk_ and _Sea-Cock_, under the Command of _Abel Tasman_, to make a farther Discovery of the said _South-Land_: _Anno 1642._ on the twelfth of _August_, they weigh’d Anchor from _Batavia_, Sail’d through the _Straights_ of _Sunda_ to _Maurice-Island_, where they Anchor’d in the North-West Haven before the Castle _Frederick-Henrick_, on the fifth of _September_ in the fore-mention’d Year. On the eighth of _Octob._ _Tasman_ stood over to the _South-Land_, near which he was surpris’d by a violent Storm; afterwards, on the twenty fifth of _November_, he discover’d a barren Shore, against which the Sea beat very furiously; and Steering along this Coast, he found a convenient Inlet, but was forc’d by the hard Weather to stand off to Sea again; yet not long after approaching the Shore, he saw great hollow Trees, and round about them abundance of Mussle-shells, and from the Wood heard a shrill noise of People Singing: Going to the same place again, he put the Orange Flag on a Pole, Carv’d with the _East-India_ Companies Arms, and call’d the Inlet _Frederick-Henrick_, the whole Coast, _Anthony van Diemen_. Sailing from thence Eastward, he on the eighteenth of _December_ discovered a convenient Haven, where sending his Sloop to discover the Shore, he came back in the Evening, being follow’d by a Boat, which approach’d nearer and nearer, but Night coming upon him, he could not well discern what they were that pursu’d him, but heard the cry of hoarse Voices, and a shrill noise like that of a Trumpet, which the _Netherland_ Seamen answer’d by hollowing, and blowing on their Trumpets, and at last firing a Gun, the _Southlanders_ made a hideous noise, and blowing their Horns, return’d ashore. _Tasman_ hereupon call’d his Watch, laid Hangers, Pikes, and Musquets ready Charg’d, upon the Decks. The next day the _Southlanders_ came in several Boats, two and two ty’d together, and cover’d with Planks, towards the Ships; the Gunner of the _Hemskerk_ going with six Men in a Boat to help mount some Guns in the _Sea-Cock_, were betwixt both Ships set upon by the _Southlanders_, who approacht with a hideous noise, kill’d four of the _Hollanders_ with long Poles, and forc’d the other three to save themselves by swimming; which they had no sooner done, but they Row’d with incredible swiftness towards the Shore, insomuch that they were out of the reach of their Guns before they could make ready to fire at them. _Tasman_ finding that there was no good to be done here, since he hazarded the Lives of his Seamen against a company of wild People, he set Sail, but was follow’d by divers Boats, at which he fir’d his After-Guns with pieces of Iron and Stones, which killing some of them, made the rest return. In the midst of the Boats, which were ty’d two and two together, sat the Commander, who encourag’d the Rowers; they all us’d Clubs without Points.

These People were gross of Body, undaunted, strong, and of a tawny colour; the Hair of their Heads stroak’d up round, was ty’d up on their Crown, on which stuck a stiff white Feather; about their Necks hung a square Plate; they wore in stead of Cloaks, square pieces of Cloth, made fast before on their Breasts.

_Tasman_, by reason of his rough Entertainment call’d this Harbor, _Murderers-Bay_, and afterwards Sail’d along the Shore till the fifth of _January 1643._ on which Day he dropt Anchor near a little Rocky Island, from which fell two Streams, with a great noise into the Sea. The Inhabitants, a strong People, beckned to the Seamen to come on Shore; some lean’d on thick Clubs, others Fenc’d one with another. _Tasman_ sending his Sloop ashore for Water with two Drakes, return’d without any, not being able to Land, by reason of the hollow Sea near the Shore; wherefore Sailing from thence he discover’d two low Isles, which were full of Woods of very tall Trees; from the biggest whereof came a little Boat, sharp before and behind, in which three sallow Men, sitting behind one another, Row’d with great swiftness towards the _Hemskerk_; whereupon _Tasman_ commanded all his Men to go under the Hatches, that the three _Southlanders_ might not be afraid to come aboard; he also threw a piece of Linnen out of his Cabbin Window, which one of them, leaping into the Sea, took up, and as a sign of thankfulness, laid the same on his Head, and being hereby emboldned, they came nearer the Rudder, where they took up a Knife, ty’d to a piece of Wood, out of the Water, and return’d the Seamen a Fishhook of Mother-of-Pearl, ty’d to a Cotton Line. Approaching the Shore, they saw abundance of People running along, with two little Flags on Sticks. Some of the Natives came in their Boats close up with _Tasman_’s Ship; and one more bold than the rest entring the same, was found to be a tall Man with a broad black Beard, and green Leaves about his Neck, who sat down on the Deck with his Legs under him, and bow’d down his Head oftentimes very low: _Tasman_ returning his Civility, took him by the Hand to Treat him in his Cabbin, but a Dog which was in the Ship Barking, he grew fearful, and went into his Boat again. Several other _Southlanders_ swam aboard, and others brought _Pisang_ and _Clappes_ in their Boats. Against the Evening a great Vessel, surrounded with lesser Boats, came Rowing towards the _Hemskerk_, the Men making a great noise; the Seamen fearing some Design, ran all to their Arms, but were convinc’d of their Friendship by the Gifts they Presented them with from the Governor of the Island. The next day a strange Boat came near the _Sea-Cock_, _viz._ two Sloops, which being ty’d together, and cover’d with Boards, carry’d several Men, Commanded by a Captain, by them call’d _Orangkay_: On the midst of the Boards which cover’d the two Boats, stood a Hut made of Rushes, and cover’d over with _Pisang_ Leaves; the Sails being made of Mats, caus’d it to Sail very swiftly. Round about this Sloop Row’d lesser Boats, out of which loud Acclamations were heard, every one crying out, _Hael, Hael_: during which noise, those _Southlanders_ which were already come aboard, sat still on the Decks, which made _Tasman_ think that their King himself was coming to give him a Visit, which accordingly fell out, for he came and Presented him with several Hogs, Poultrey, _Clappes_ and _Pisang_, all cover’d with white Cloths.

[Sidenote: Interview between _Tasman_ and the _Southlander_ King.]

This _Southlandish_ King was Habited in a Suit, the Stuff whereof resembled _Chinese_ Paper, doubled and pasted together, and was attended by a great Train of Men, Women, and Children, all of them as black as a Coal; some of them swam after, and others follow’d him in Boats.

These _Southlanders_ barter’d their Clothes and Necklaces, which consisted of Mother-of-Pearl and white Cockles, and Fishhooks made also of Mother-of-Pearl, against Nails, Knives, and the like Trifles.

_Tasman_ caus’d a Shirt, Breeches, Doublet, and Hat, to be put on an old _Orangkay_; who being thus Cloth’d, stood a considerable time admiring of himself, and was also much wonder’d at by his Subjects; but going into the Countrey, he came back without his Clothes.

Another _Orangkay_ being Presented with a Rummer of Wine, pour’d out the Wine, and setting the Rummer on his Head, went away with great joy.

Some of the Governors view’d the Ships, not onely above, but also below the Decks, and being brought to the Guns, they desir’d to know the use of them; whereupon one being Discharg’d, it so affrighted them, that had they not been held, they had all leap’d overboard.

Provisions were daily brought by the _Southlanders_ to the _Hollanders_ in great Vessels, surrounded by many lesser; still as they put their Oars into the Water, they made a hideous noise.

_Tasman_ bringing some empty Vessels upon the Deck, thereby to make them understand that he wanted fresh Water, the _Orangkays_ pointed to the Shore; whither they went with two Boats, which return’d without Water, the Inhabitants themselves being forc’d to dig Pits to get the same.

Mean while other _Southlanders_ coming aboard, the Pilot and Boatswain’s Boy blow’d on their Trumpets, another play’d on a Flute, and a fourth on a Violin, whilst some of the Seamen Dancing, so amaz’d the Natives, that they stood like senseless Creature, gaping with open Mouth upon them.

_Tasman_ looking into a Grammar which contain’d the Language of the _Solomons_ Isles, found that many words which were us’d by these People, had a great similitude with those of that Language.

Besides these Men, there came likewise a great many Women aboard, all of them extraordinary tall, especially two, who might justly be stil’d Giantesses; one whereof had Mustacho’s; both ran, and embracing the Chirurgeon _Henrick Haelbos_, desir’d carnal Copulation with him, and seem’d to quarrel one with another about him: Others confidently put their Hands into the _Hollanders_ Breeches, their Husbands giving consent thereunto: All of them had thick, curl’d, black Hair, which they colour’d red, and comb’d with ten little round Sticks ty’d together on the top, and left wide like Teeth at the bottom; yet some of them let their Hair hang down in long braided Locks; they shave their upper Lips, but keep a square Beard on their Chin; yet amongst the old People there were some whose Cheeks were overgrown with Hair: Their manner of shaving is with the Teeth of certain Fish made fast to a Stick; they all went bare-headed, except some few, who ty’d a square piece of Stuff, wrought of Leaves or Feathers, above their Eyes against the Sun; the upper parts of their Bodies were all naked, but about their Middle some wore a Girdle, others a Mat of _Clappes_ Leaves, others a Cloth not unlike _Chinese_ Paper, about the lower parts of their Bodies. The Womens Apparel differ’d little from the Mens, excepting that their Aprons reach’d farther down, _viz._ to their Knees. They barter’d their Clothes against Nails. Some of the _Orangkays_, being Entertain’d in the Cabbin, wonder’d to see a Bullet that was Discharg’d from the Quarter deck, fall into the Water at so great a distance. They wore about their Necks Mother-of-Pearl, white Cockles, sweet-smelling Flowers, green Leaves, or the Nails which they had gotten of the _Hollanders_: Some of the aged Women wanted both their little Fingers, and the young ones the upper Joints of them, which the old Men also wanted: _Haelbos_ pointing at the Stump, ask’d the reason of it, but one of them laying his Hand under his Chin, made strange Signs, out of which he could apprehend nothing.

On the twenty third of _January_, a second time _Tasman_ went ashore for Water, carrying Spades and Pick-axes with him, to dig Pits with. Two of the _Hollanders_ Boats going close together, in each of which were three _Southlanders_, _Tasman_ call’d to his Rowers to pull stoutly; which the _Southlanders_ in _Tasman_’s Boat observing to tend to their Rowing the swifter, laugh’d and hooted at their Countrey-men that were in the _Sea-Cocks_ Boat, when they chanc’d to get beyond them. _Tasman_ in his going ashore discover’d several Isles at a distance, was kindly Entertain’d, and towards the Evening carry’d by four Men through the Water, on a Mat made fast betwixt two Poles, to his Sloop, whither they also brought nine Hogs, and fresh Water digg’d out of Pits.

_Tasman_ being got about the Point of the Island, saw the _Hemskerk_ under Sail; wherefore Rowing aboard the _Sea-Cock_, he was inform’d that she had slipt her Anchor; whereupon following her, he got sight of another green Island the next day, along the Shore whereof ran several People with Sticks, on which hung white Cloths: some of them came aboard, and brought with them what Provisions the Island afforded. The Inhabitants barter’d _Clappes_, _Pisang_, Fowls, Hogs, Mother-of-Pearl Fish-hooks, Stone Axes, little Stools, great Clubs, with a black Point as long as a Man’s Arm, and hooked, against Trifles. The _Hollanders_ were also stor’d here with fresh Water. The People both in Language, Habit, and Customs, were very like those of the first Island, but were not altogether so courteous. One of the _Southlanders_ stealing a Half-pike out of the Boat was forc’d by his Companions to restore the same.

The fore-mention’d _Haelbos_ relates, That going ashore with some Soldiers, he saw their Houses, which he found to be built after a strange manner, _viz._ some of them were round like Towers, Wider at top than at bottom, and without any Holes for Air, but all built close of Canes, which were stuck in the Ground; other Huts were cover’d with a long Roof of _Pisang_ or _Clappes_ Leaves, resting on Posts; under which kind of Building _Haelbos_ shelter’d himself against a mighty Shower of Rain, found divers young Men and Women sitting on Mats, and an old Woman, blind through Age, lying by them on the Ground, and Fanning her self with _Pisang_ Leaves: The Men going away, signifi’d thereby a kind of Invitation to the _Hollanders_ to go to the Women, who not receiving the Entertainment they expected, rose altogether on a sudden, and Singing, Danc’d about the _Hollanders_. The Men had on their Shoulders and Breasts, Scars of half an Inch deep, and an Inch long; upon some of which, being fresh and bleeding, the Flyes sat. They eat after a strange manner, for stripping off the outmost Rinds of the _Clappes_ with their Teeth, and breaking the hard Shell against their Elbows, they pull out the Kernel, and eat the same. Whatever Flesh-meat they eat, they never throughly boyl or roast it, but make it onely just warm. They sleep on the Ground upon Mats, and lay their Heads on a little woodden Cricket with four Feet. They take great pride in their Hair, and those that have not long Hair of their own, use Perukes.

_Tasman_ steering his Course towards the high Coast that lay before this Island, was follow’d by several small Vessels from the adjacent Shore, of which some carry’d a Bough of _Clappes_ or _Pisang_, with white Veins at the ends; but seeing the Ships Sail from them, they threw the same overboard. _Tasman_ standing Westerly, discover’d three Isles, near the last whereof the Sea broke exceedingly, which the _Hollanders_ not without great danger had approached in the Night: after which they discover’d to Leeward of them, a high Coast, which extended it self a great way, but the Sea went so rough, that they durst not venture near the Land; besides, the Sea went very high on a Bank, first ten, then five, three and a half, and again ten, fourteen, and seven Fathom deep; and oftentimes a Man might see the Ground, insomuch that they kept out the Boats belonging to the _Hemskerk_, which was in most danger, to carry them aboard of the _Sea-Cock_, if the first should chance to split. Lastly, getting over the Bank, they saw very high Land to Windward, and many hilly Isles to Leeward; the Sea also was full of blind Rocks and Shelves, so that they were in danger every hour, and the rather, because the Wind blew hard every day; yet at last losing sight of Land, they steer’d their Course Westerly in five Degrees Southward of the _Line_, towards _New Guinee_. On the two and twentieth of _March_ they discover’d low Land full of Woods of tall Trees, surrounded with a company of Isles, against some of which the Sea brake with great violence, insomuch that they were again in great danger, especially when they were got amongst eighteen Isles, between which the Water being shallow, and the Current running very strongly, drove the Ships towards the Shore: Whilest they were Tacking to and again to get beyond the Shelves, a little Vessel, carrying a great Weathercock on her Star-board, came from the Shore, Row’d by seven Men, who sat on Boards which lay over the same; they were of a brown Complexion, onely girt about with a hairy Girdle, made fast on the top of their Heads; under their Feet they also wore something in stead of Shoes, about their Necks hung Flowers, and their Bodies were Painted black: Among the seven, one who was very fat, and whose Head was adorn’d with two Feathers, stood up and proffer’d the Seamen two _Clappes_, in return whereof _Tasman_ gave them a Box of Nails and a piece of Sail-cloth, which sinking under Water, an aged Man div’d for the same, and bringing it up, gave it to his six Companions, who made no shew of thankfulness. Their Arms consisted in Bowes and Arrows. Their _Clappes_ they call’d _Anieuw_, as the other Islanders had done.

Sailing from hence, they discover’d two low Islands full of Trees; and three Leagues from them, on their Star-board, a high Coast, and on the other side a great Island, whither they drove with a small Gale; approaching the same, two very small Boats came towards the _Hemskerk_; the biggest of the two carry’d six Men, and the least three, all of them very deform’d; they went stark naked, onely their Yards were ty’d up with a String on their Bellies, and about their Arms hung Chains of Mother-of-Pearl; they were Coal-black, onely red about the Mouth, which redness was occasion’d by the chewing of _Pisang_; in their Hair stuck woodden Combs, and on their Foreheads green Leaves; but in each Boat was one who had a bruised Reed made fast in his Neck like a Plume; the biggest Vessel was Painted with strange Shapes of Men and Beasts; they us’d red Bowes and Arrows, and having call’d to the Seamen, they Row’d back again to the Shore; which _Tasman_ left a Stern of him, and ran between the Main Coast (by all suppos’d to be _New Guinee_) and several great Islands, that lay scatter’d along before the Main Coast; from whence came four small Boats, adorn’d with Imagery like Serpents, but kept without Gun-shot from the Ships; at last one leaping overboard, swam to the smallest Boat, out of which one swam back in his stead to the other, and afterwards came to the _Hemskerks_ side; he was a black Man, wore Leaves before his Privities, and Armlets about his Elbows; through the Gristle of his Nose stuck a white Bone Bodkin, sharp at the ends, and of a Fingers length, and about his Neck a String full of Cockle-shells.

_Tasman_ Sailing on along the Main Coast, met with eighteen Boats more, the Rowers whereof laid their Oars upon their Heads, and not without strange Gestures call’d aloud, and invited the _Hollanders_ to come ashore: On the Sterns and Heads of these Boats were likewise divers Shapes Painted, upon a white Ground; in some were two, and in others three, four, and five Men; eight of them going into the _Hollanders_ Boats, were made Drunk with _Arrack_. These _Southlanders_ went stark naked, some onely covering their secret Parts with Leaves; their Skins were black, onely on their Foreheads they drew a red Stroke, which reach’d to their Ears; their brown curl’d Hair was by some colour’d grey, by some red, some let it hang loose over their Sholdiers, others ty’d the same in a Tuft on their Crown, cover’d with a Cap of _Pisang_ Leaves, others wore their Hair scarce two Fingers long, and through the Gristle of their Nose, a piece of Cane or Quill, and a broad Beard without Mustacho’s; they had nothing to barter but large Snail-shells, on which they made a strange noise; and whatsoe’re they receiv’d, they first smell’d on it like Dogs: they fancy’d not Nails, as all the other _Southlanders_ had done. Their manner of Fishing was thus: They ty’d several half _Clappes_-shells, made fast like a Chain, to a long Reed, shook the same to and again on the Water, to gather the Fish together. In the Boats lay Planks of an oval fashion, which by Ropes ty’d in the middle they held before them in stead of Shields. When these _Southlanders_ went from the Ships, one of them threatned to beat the Seamen, shaking his great Club at them; whereupon they all Row’d with great speed to the Shore, whilest one in every Boat knockt with a Staff against the sides, just as if they had beat an Alarm. Amongst them one had barter’d for an old Doublet, with which he shew’d many antick Tricks, putting it on the wrong way, sometimes on his Head, then his Feet into the two Arm-holes, and anon the Button-holes behind on his Back.

The Ships Sailing from hence, ran along a broken Coast, and on the twelfth of _April_ were so terribly shaken by an Earthquake, which lasted an hour and a half, that they seem’d shivering to pieces in the Water, as if they had ran against a Rock, notwithstanding they could not fathom Ground with their longest Line. Somewhat farther they discover’d a burning Mountain on an Island, between which and the Main (on which stood also a very high Mountain) they steering their Course, came into a white Water, mov’d by a strong River from the Continent; and coming to an Anchor before the Island _Jamna_, they saw the Isles _Moa_ and _Arimoa_ before them. The _Jamneans_ calling _New Guinee_ by the Name of _Belah_, inform’d the _Hollanders_, that they Warr’d continually with the Inhabitants thereof. These People being also Coal-black, some of them had loose curl’d Hair, hanging down over their Shoulders in long Braids, and others had onely two thick Locks, which cover’d their Ears; all of them wore four Feathers on their Heads: the Men pull’d out their Beards, and hung a great Bone Ring through their Ears, at which also hung a Shell like a Spur; most of them had red Roses ty’d about their Heads, and a Necklace of Hogs Teeth about their Necks; under their Navels they wore Girdles, a handful and a half broad, and about their Wastes Strings full of Shells, or Sea-Cockles, to which a small Lappet was ty’d, and hung down before their Privities; but because it was but two Fingers broad, and mov’d to an again by the Wind, their Nakedness appear’d to those that took notice thereof; through the Gristle of their Noses they wore a Hogs Tooth, or the Splinter of a Cane. Upon the Stern of their small Boats was the Shape of a little Lyon. One of these Islanders imitated the _Hollanders_ when they spoke, endeavoring to repeat their words after them, and therefore was call’d _Parrot_.

_Tasman_ Sailing from hence to _Moa_, came to an Anchor before the Coast, ten Leagues beyond _Jamna_, where a great Boat, carrying seventeen Men, coming near the Ship, let flie a great many Arrows at the Seamen; but the next Morning being better reconcil’d, they came aboard, where the Chirurgeon of the Ship gave a Cap to one of the _Jamneans_, who, as a testimony of his thankfulness for the Present, requested him to sit down; which done, he began to braid his Hair from his Forehead to his Neck, tying the same with a String.

_Tasman_ weighing Anchor, Sail’d between _New Guinee_ and the Island _Insou_, having got nothing but a few _Jamnean_ words from the Islanders, who call’d a Bone, _Vertilia_; a Hog, _Paro_; a Knife, _Sapera_; Beads, _Sassera_; a Nail, _Tortor_; Sleep, _Moeni_; and a Rat, _Asphoo_. So steering his Course along _Arimoa_, which is both higher and larger than the neighboring _Amoa_, and resembles a Seaman’s Cap, he left _New Guinee_ a Stern of him, and Steering on Northerly, Sail’d by _Schoutes-Island_, where eight large Boats came within Gun-shot of him, each of which had on each side a Wing, under which sat four Rowers, two and two together, with their Feet hanging in the Water; at their approaching near the Ship they put out a long Pole, with a white Flag upon it; whereupon _Tasman_ also commanded his white Ensign to be put forth, and threw a String of Beads, ty’d to a piece of Wood, out of his Cabbin Window; which the _Southlanders_ had no sooner taken up, but in testimony of thankfulness they all broke their Arrows over their Heads, and kept near the sides of the Ship, till such time as the Boatswain thereof sounded a Trumpet, upon the hearing of which they all Row’d away with as much speed as they could possibly. These People were of a sallow Complexion; they broke their Arrows with great Ceremony; for first they pointed with them towards the Skie, then put them into the Water, and breaking each Arrow in two pieces on their Heads, they threw one over the Larboard, and the other over the Starboard; he that broke the Arrow, made a long Speech to the _Hollanders_, who took the same for an Oath of their Fidelity toward them. In every one of these Boats were twenty eight or thirty Men.

[Sidenote: _Tasman_’s farther Voyage into _New Guinee_.]