Chapter IX: Front Matter (9)

_Arias Claeszoon_, Rowing ashore one night, found the King sitting under a Roof, resting on four Pillars, where several Naked Women Danc’d before him according to their Musick, which was Taboring upon a hollow Piece of Wood, which yielded a murmuring sound without any distinct Tune.

[Sidenote: _Cava_ a strange Liquor.]

[Sidenote: Impudent Women.]

But the two Kings meeting again, the next day Complemented one another with more antick and ridiculous Postures, sitting side by side under the Roof, imploring their God, with their Hands folded, and their Heads bow’d to the ground: At this interview, four _Holland_ Trumpeters and Drummers stood playing before the King, to the great admiration and amazement of the Islanders, which were near ten thousand gather’d together upon the News of the strangers to attend the two Kings. Soon after a great company of Rusticks came running thither, which had a green Herb call’d _Cava_, ty’d about their middle; on a sudden they began all to chaw this _Cava_, throwing that which they had chaw’d into a large Woodden Trough, then putting Water to it, they Kneaded it together; which done, brought the Liquor on their Heads to the two Kings, before whom they kneel’d when they gave them any: Yet notwithstanding they receiv’d such honor from their Subjects, they shew’d servile respects to the _Hollanders_, for every King presented them with a Pig, which they first laid on their Heads, then kneeling, put it down at _Le Maire_’s Feet, and bowing their Heads to the ground, rose again. They wear their Hair long, which Brayded, hung on the left side of their Heads down to their Hips, ty’d at the end with two Knots; but the Nobility had two such Locks: All of them went naked, their Privities onely cover’d. The smallest of the Men exceeded the biggest of the _Hollanders_ in tallness. The Women had long Breasts hanging like Satchels down to their Bellies, and so unshamefac’d, that they prostituted themselves to any, in sight of all Men; and still at low Water, their business was to catch Fish, which they greedily eat raw.

[Sidenote: Strange wild men.]

[Sidenote: Deform’d people.]

After all this Entertainment, Weighing from hence, _Schouten_ Sail’d along the Coast of _New-Guiny_, where three Boats full of _Negro_’s came Rowing towards them, Slinging very fiercely Stones at them, and hovering about, attended their motion all night. Next morning, seven Boats more coming to their assistance, they set upon the _Hollanders_, but soon fled from their Bullets; yet two of the _Negro_’s were taken, that in each Nostril wore a Ring. Sailing further, several Boats came aboard of them, whereof those that Row’d, breaking their _Assagays_ or Launces over their Heads, enter’d the Ship; the Hair of their Heads and Beards bedawb’d with Lime, flew about, whilst they Danc’d on the Decks, after they had eaten a good Meal: But they endeavor’d to reward this their kind Entertainment with Treachery, for going ashore, they soon after return’d in greater numbers, and sat upon the Anchors which lay over the Bows of the Ship, and there being a great calm, endeavor’d to Towe the Ship towards the Shore, whilst others threw Stones and Arrows. But so soon as the _Hollanders_ firing their Guns Wounded several of them, they all fled, except some which they took Prisoners, whereof one whom they afterwards call’d _Moses_, did them great service.

But _Le Maire_ was amaz’d at nothing more, than when on the next Coast he saw several little Houses built about nine Foot high, out of which many People issu’d, which were all deform’d, either having Wry Noses, Bow Legs, Squint Eyes, or crooked Backs, and all in one part or another mis-shapen.

At last, Anchoring before _Jacatra_, the Ship was stopt there by order of the _East-India_ Company, and the Men divided and put aboard those Ships that Sail’d from _India_ to _Holland_, and arriv’d in safety at _Flushing_, after they had Sail’d about the World, in two years and eighteen days.

SECT. XVIII.
_Voyage of the_ Nassavian _Fleet, under the Command of_ Jaques
L’Heremite, _and_ Geen Huigo Schapenham.

[Sidenote: Remarkable Exploits of _L’Hermite_.]

The _United Netherlands_, to abate the _Spanish_ Greatness, set out a considerable Fleet, which they sent to try their fortune, in making Prize of what ever they could light upon in any of their Havens wash’d by the South-Sea.

_Jaques L’Hermite_ had ten Ships under his Command, Mann’d with sixteen hundred thirty seven Men, and two hundred ninety four Brass and Iron Guns, with which he set Sail from _Goree_, _Anno 1623._ and coming before _Cape Vincent_, he discover’d eleven _Turkish_ Pirates, whom fighting, he beat, and re-took the _Holland_ Ships they had made Prize of.

At _Roxents Head_, _L’Hermite_ gave chase to fifteen _Spanish_ Ships, and coming up with them, sunk eleven, and took four laden with Sugar. Afterwards Anchoring at _Safia_, he sent the Ship _Over-yssel_, and a Frigat call’d the _Gray-Hound_, to Convoy home the Prizes; afterward being inform’d, that thirty _Spanish_ Ships were making to them, Sailing into the Haven _St. Vincent_, the Spring Water that he supply’d his empty Cask with being brakkish, caus’d an excoriation of the Guts, which brought the Bloody-Flux, whereby he lost many of his Sea-men; being well entertain’d by the Salvages of _Antonio_, they went on to _Sierra Leona_, a Mountainous Point full of Lime-Trees, here they found the Names of _Sr. Francis Drake_, and other _English_ cut in a Rock.

After that he put in at the fruitful Island _Annabon_, where he caus’d his Chirurgeon to be Beheaded.

[Sidenote: _Vegar_ a wicked man.]

This wicked Man being brought to the Torture, would confess nothing concerning the Crimes objected against him, but being strip’d for Execution, they found a small Bag hanging on his Breast, in which lay a Serpents Skin and Tongue, with which he had Poyson’d several Men, but he confess’d nothing.

The first of _February_, the Fleet came to _Cape de Pemias_, which they know at a great distance, by its high Mountains cover’d with Snow.

In short time after, Sailing by the Mouth of the _Straights_ of _La Maire_, they met with very tempestuous Weather, and seventeen of their Men going ashore, were devour’d by the _Cannibals_ of _Terra del Fuogo_. These People being all _Whites_, and of a large Stature, Paint themselves Red, and go stark naked, except some of highest quality who tie a Deer Skin about their Necks; and the Women cover their Nakedness with a piece of Leather: They live in Bowers made of the Branches of Trees, Stak’d three Foot deep, in a round at bottom, and above like our Tents, Canopy’d, the top of which open, to carry out the Smoke like a Chimney; and have no other Houshold-stuff than some Baskets, in which they lay their few Fishing Implements. They go continually Arm’d with Clubs, Arrows, Slings, and Stone-Knives: Their Boats being only the Trunk of a Tree made hollow, rise up before and behind like a Half-Moon, and are fourteen, and some sixteen Foot long, and two broad, and Row swifter than a Pinnace with many Oars. Lastly, they are so Salvage, that they seem rather to be Beasts than Men, knowing no Religion, ill Natur’d, cruel and Treacherous.

From hence, passing on, _L’Hermite_ refresh’d at the desolate Isle _Fernando_, and so Steer’d his Course to _Calla de Lima_, on whose Coast, taking a _Spanish_ Vessel, the Prisoners told him, that their Plate-Fleet had Weigh’d Anchor, and were gone to _Panama_; only the Admiral which carry’d forty Brass Guns, with fifty Merchant-Men, lay close under the Shore, Guarded by three Stone Bulwarks, Fortifi’d with fifty Guns.

_L’Hermite_ having a design upon these, took three _Spanish_ Vessels that were going thither, and at midnight, sent Captain _Adrian Tol_, _Peter Slobbe_, and _Meindert Egbertszon_, with twelve well Mann’d Boats, furnish’d with Brass Drakes, and Hand-Granado’s, to Attaque the _Spanish_ Fleet that lay hard by; and whilst some gave a false Alarm on the North of _Callao_, the Boats Rowing from Ship to Ship, in short time fir’d forty of them; although the _Spaniards_ from the Shore endeavor’d by their Shot to drive back the Enemy, neither the Fort or Admiral sparing Powder nor Ball.

In this valiant Exploit the _Hollanders_ had onely seven Men kill’d, and fifteen Wounded: About break of day, seven of the _Spanish_ Ships floated, burning towards the _Dutch_ Fleet, which were as terrible as now Fire-ships, which forc’d them to Weigh Anchor to shun them.

After that, _L’Hermite_ took two Ships laden with Wine, a third full of Wood, and a fourth with Wheat: One of these Prizes he fitted and prepar’d for a Fire-ship, and sending her to Board the _Spanish_ Admiral, it ran aground within shot of him; whereupon being batter’d by the Admirals Guns, and those from the Bulwarks, and at last taking Fire gave but a small blow, because most part of the Powder had taken Wet.

In this interim, while thus their design went prosperously on, their Admiral _L’Heremite_ dy’d, whom they Bury’d on the Island _Lima_, and _Schapenham_, in defiance of the Vice-Roy in _Callao_, caus’d one and twenty _Spaniards_ to be hang’d at the Yard-Arm, because he had sent him a scornful Answer on the Proposals concerning the delivery of the Prisoners.

[Sidenote: _Vershoor_’s Exploit.]

[Sidenote: _Schapenham_’s remarkable Exploits.]

[Sidenote: _Schapenham_ dies.]

_Cornelius Jacobszoon_ Sailing to _Pisco_ with four Sail from the Fleet, could do no good there, for he not onely found the City to be surrounded with a Wall of fifteen Foot high, but having also many Earthen Redoubts, behind which lay above two thousand arm’d Men, wherefore he deserted the same after some Rancounters: But the Rear-Admiral, _John Williamszoon Vershoor_, who was sent to _Gainquil_, had much better luck; for he not onely took that Metropolis, but also burnt a new Royal _Gallion_, and two lesser Vessels; carry’d a conquer’d Vessel to _Lima_; slew above a hundred _Spaniards_, and threw seventeen overboard, because they had shot Poyson’d Bullets against the Law of Arms; of which Conquest Captain _Engelbert Shutte_ had the greatest honor: But the Sea-men grew weaker and weaker by the Scurvy, and all of them would have perish’d, had they not found a soveraign Herb on the highest Mountains of _Lima_. _Schapenham_ being chose Admiral in _L’Heremites_ place, Weigh’d Anchor from _Callao_, and ran into the Inlet _Piscadores_, where on the shore he rais’d a Sconce; yet not long after departed from thence without any effect, but lost twenty eight Men, through the bad Conduct of their Commanders; the like number he lost also at _Aquapulque_, on the side of which City stands a Castle with four strong Bulwarks; the _Holland_ Fire-ship lay just without the reach of the shot, the rest lay along the shore in a row, there to seize upon the Vessels expected thither from the _Manillaes_: But because the Scurvy raged amongst the Sea-men, and disabled them, they waited in vain, _Schapenham_ Sail’d through the South-Sea to the _Ladrones_, where he found store of Provisions. _Anno 1625._ in _March_, he drop’d Anchor before _Maleye_, and from thence went with _Herman Spiult_, the Governor for the _East-India_ Company in _Amboina_, to _Ceram_, where they Conquer’d the Fort _Lochoe_, and soon after _Cambella_; then the Fleet being divided, _Schapenham_ carry’d home two Ships from _Batavia_, and the remainder return’d at several times, they being hir’d to serve the _East-India_ Company to _Surratta_, _Malacca_, _Coromandel_, and the _Molucco Isles_: _Schapenham_ Deceasing near _Bantum_, and being Bury’d on _Pulo Boftok_, the Ships arriv’d at the _Texel_ in _July, Anno 1626._

Henry Brewer _his Voyage_.

_Anno 1643._ _Brewer_ set Sail with four Ships from _Reciffo_, and ran close along the _States-Isle_, so dangerous and Rocky, that he durst not put in to the Land; from which flew great abundance of Party-colour’d Ducks, with sharp Bills, about the Ships, and under the Keels swam also Whales.

[Sidenote: Sea Lions.]

[Sidenote: _Brewer_’s Haven.]

[Sidenote: Remarkable Exploits.]

On the West side of the _Straights Le Maire_, _Brown_ ran into _Valentine_’s Inlet, where he was much troubled by the Winds which came whistling through the hollow Mountains with great and sudden gusts: The shore afforded red and black Strawberries, _Carville_ and Muscles, to the great refreshment of the Sea-men, who daily saw Sea-Lions, but could not come to shoot one of them, for no sooner they perceiv’d any body, but they Diving under Water, swam away; and though they saw Mens Foot-steps of eighteen Inches long, yet they never found any Men. Thence Sailing into the South-Sea, along the Coast of _Chili_, they enter’d a Bay which they nam’d _Brewer’s-Haven_; where Landing, they walk’d towards a great Smoke which they saw afar off, but coming near it, found only two Houses within a large Plain, full of Sheep, Oxen, and Horses; before the Houses stood Woodden Crosses.

[Sidenote: _Ter Bergen_’s Exploit.]

[Sidenote: _Castro_ a City.]

[Sidenote: Stream _Chili_.]

[Sidenote: _Brewer_ Dies.]

[Sidenote: Strange accident.]

[Sidenote: _Baldivia_, a brave City.]

The _Dolphin_ Pink and a great Boat being sent to the Inlet, lay the following Night at an Anchor near a high Mountain; from whence, in the Night, two great Guns were fir’d, whereupon, Lieutenant _William Ter Bergen_ Landed with sixteen Musqueteers, and climbing up the Mountain, found a Village behind the same, where all things were in Alarm, Drums beating, Trumpets sounding, Bells ringing; the Villagers suddenly firing their Guns on _Ter Bergen_, who being supply’d with thirty four Men, Encounter’d the Enemy so Valiantly, that he fled into the Woods, not without the loss of Men and Horses: The Guns with which they had shot in the Night lay onely on a Redoubt: _Ter Bergen_ persuing this Victory, March’d into the Woods, and shot the _Spanish_ Commander _Andreas Munes Iserrera_ from his Horse, got great store of Treasure which lay hid under the Tree, being brought out of _Carelmappa_, which Village he set afire, and kill’d all the Horses, and Weigh’d Anchor with the Admiral _Brewer_ to _Michael de Cabuco_ where not being able to Land, because of the many obscure Rocks and Shoals, they set Sail to _Castro_, which they conquer’d and burnt without the least resistance: This City situate on a Mountain is stately built among Flowry Meadows, delightful Orchards, and brave Fountains; the Sea before it flows daily fourteen Foot. _Brewer_ also burnt a _Spanish_ Ship, and set some Houses afire, took three _Spaniards_ Prisoners on _Las Bahias_, who inform’d him, that the Winter Season was almost over, but that it was never known by any to pass over so mildly, ill Weather generally using to blow down Houses, Trees, and rend Rocks asunder; that there was much Gold in _Osorno_ and _Baldivia_, which last they had some years since deserted for hunger, but it was since Garrison’d by three hundred _Castilians_, that none could get at the Fort _Conception_ (which lay a League Westerly from thence) but in a small Boat, that there were on the place near two thousand Inhabitants. Moreover, an ancient Matron call’d _Lovysa Pizarra_, from _Quintian_, one of the Isles in the _Chilean_ In-Land-Sea, being fetch’d from thence, gave information, that forty years since, before the _Indians_ took up Arms, the _Spaniards_ were quietly setled in _Osorno_, and in so good a condition, that an ordinary Planter had at least three hundred Slaves, of which, every one was to procure a certain quantity of Gold; that the Isles _Chiloves_ were divided into above a hundred Colonies or Plantations, the _Chileses_ serving the _Castilians_ as their true Governors; those that do good Service the King of the Colony makes them Commanders, and that the _Chileses_ had Rebell’d in several places. _Brewer_ on the _Chileses_ request took some of them, with their Wives and Children into his Ship, furnish’d with Arms, he digg’d a Chest of Silver and a Brass Gun out of the Earth, and soon after being sick, dy’d. His Successor _Elias Herkmans_ prosecuting those Publick Affairs, sent the Pilot of the _Unity_ out of _Brewer’s Haven_, and some Sea-men, with two _Chilean Casiques_ with a Boat to _Carelmappa_; but being surpriz’d by a violent Storm, stood in for _Horse-Island_, where he and the _Casiques_ Landing, he order’d seven Sea-men to carry the Boat to a safer Harbor; but being driven from the shore by strong Winds it took in so much Water as fill’d and sunk it, so that all of them were drown’d. _Horse-Island_ being destitute of Provisions and Lodgings, those that were Landed expected nothing but Death, till they found out a small Hut, and in the same six brave Sheep, and a good quantity of Potatoe Roots, which serv’d for Bread: But when this their new-found Store was almost spent, they happily were fetch’d off by the Boat belonging to the Ship _Amsterdam_, and with the whole Fleet came to an Anchor before _Baldivia_. This City built by the _Castilians_, consisted formerly of five hundred and fifty fair Houses, and was divided into Streets and cross Ways, with two large Markets, and as many costly Churches.

[Sidenote: Why the _Chileses_ grew strange to the _Hollanders_.]

The _Chileses_ unsufferably oppress’d, slew all the _Spanish_ Garrison, and into the Governor’s Mouth and Ears pour’d melted Gold; of his Skull they made a Drinking-cup, and of his Shin-bones, Trumpets; after this, the City fell almost to decay, onely a great part of the Wall remain’d yet standing: The _Chileans_ hereupon flock’d hither by thousands, some on Horses, others on Foot, all Arm’d with Lances of a Foot long: _Herkman_ hereupon informing them by an Interpreter, that they being mortal Enemies of the _Spaniards_, would joyn with the _Chileans_ against that common Foe; and desir’d, that they might build a Fort on the Market-place in _Baldivia_, for a defence against all Invasions, and that they might be supply’d with Provisions which the Fleet wanted; all which the _Chileans_ granted, and accordingly brought in store of Sheep, Hogs, and Cattel: But so soon as _Herkman_ began to make the least mention of Gold, they were all abash’d, and said, that they knew of no Gold Mines, nay, their Hair stood an end, when they heard the name of Gold; so horribly the _Spaniards_ had dealt with their Parents: After this, the _Chileans_ growing more and more strange, did not in the least countenance the building of the Fort, and the longer the Fleet staid, the less Provisions they brought aboard; upon which, the Ships were necessitated, without any remarkable Exploits, to set Sail and return to _Reciffo_.

The Second Book,
CONTAINING
A DESCRIPTION
OF
NORTHERN AMERICA

CHAP. I.
_Of the Bounds of_ America, _and of the Division of the_ Mexican _or
Northern part thereof_.

[Sidenote: The Bounds and Division of _Northern America_.]

Having in the first part of this Volume discours’d at large concerning the original of the _Americans_, and whether that part of the World call’d _India Occidentalis_, or _America_, were known to the Ancients, or own its Discovery wholly to the Moderns, as also of all the Discoveries that have been made of the several parts thereof, and by whom, we shall now pass on to the Topographical part, describing every particular Province or Region, by giving an account of their Situation, Temperature, Productions, Nature of the Soil, and Quality of the Inhabitants. _America_, lying Westward of the _Azores_, and the Worlds Meridian, is by some suppos’d to consist of one vast Island, and several lesser ones, scatter’d about it: Nor can this supposition be thought vain, if, as many think, it be inviron’d on the North-side, as toward the East, South, and West it is known to be; East and South, by the _Atlantick Ocean_; and West, by _Mar del Zur_: But because the North-West Passage, though attempted by many, as _Nelson_, _Davis_, _Forbisher_, _Button_, _Smith_, _Hudson_, and others, hath not yet by any been fully discover’d; so that it is not certainly known whether _America_ be joyn’d to _Greenland_, and the _Arctick_ Region, by a continu’d Tract of Land, or sever’d by the Ocean: We shall follow the method of those Geographers, who, reputed sufficiently Authentick, have divided this new World into Islands, and two grand _Peninsula_’s joyn’d together by an _Isthmus_, or Neck of Land, call’d _The Straight of Darien_, by some _The Straight of Panama_, lying almost under the Equinoctial Line, and extending in length from _Nombre de Dios_ Southward above a hundred Miles, and from East to West seventeen Miles over in the narrowest place. Of these two grand _Peninsula_’s the Northern is generally call’d _America Mexicana_, from _Mexico_ the chief City of the Province, properly call’d _Mexicana_; which was heretofore without doubt the most potent, rich, and flourishing of all the Kingdoms of the _Indians_, at least on the North-side of the _Isthmus_. In the division of the several Provinces of _America_, as well those of the Northern as of the Southern Continent, we find so various an account among the several Geographers that have written of them (not any two of them agreeing in one and the same order) that to reconcile the differing methods of so many disagreeing Authors would be an endless work: wherefore we shall pitch upon the surest course, and not omitting the mention of any of the Provinces taken notice of by the said Authors, hereby endeavor to take in whatsoever material hath been observ’d by all of them, and by the way take occasion to shew how one differs from another in the distribution of them. Those therefore of the Northern _America_ (that as near as can be we may bring the design of many into one) seem most fitly describ’d in this following order: 1. _Estotiland_; 2. _Terra Laboratoris_, or _Nova Britannia_; 3. _Canada_, or _Nova Francia_; 4. _Nova Scotia_; 5. _New England_; 6. _New Netherlands_, now call’d _New York_, as being in the possession of the _English_; 7. _New Holland_; 8. _New Swedeland_; 9. _Apalchen_, now call’d _Virginia_; 10. _Florida_; 11. _Jucatan_; 12. _Honduras_; 13. _Nicaragua_; 14. _Veragua_; 15. _Costarica_; 16. _Anien_; 17. _Nova Hispania_; 18. _Guacatimala_; 19. _Nova Gallicia_; 20. _Nova Biscaia_; 21. _Nova Mexico_; 22. _Cibola_; 23. _Nova Granata_; 24. _Tontonteac_; 25. _Quivira_; 26. _Nova Albion_; to which by most Authors is added _California_; which being an Island we thought fit to reserve to be spoken of amongst the Islands, as also _Terra Nova_, or _New-found Land_; which last lies utmost West, as the other East of Northern _America_. Some there are also (and particularly _Monsieur de Martini_) who among the above-mention’d Provinces have inserted _Greenland_, though doubtless with little reason, since though it be granted that it is not divided by any Sea, yet it is evident, if any credit may be given to all modern Maps and Globes, that the greatest part of _Greenland_ lies in the Hemisphere of the known World; and therefore we have judg’d it most convenient to refer the particular mention thereof to the Description of the _Arctick_ Region.

The Islands of _Northern America_ are 1. _Terra Nova_, or _New-found Land_; 2. The _Island of Assumption_; 3. The _Bermudas_, or _Summer-Island_; 4. _Hispaniola_; 5. _St. John Porto Rico_; 6. _Cuba_; 7. _Jamaica_; 8. The _Lucayes_; 9. The _Caribes_, or _Antillæ_; 10. _Margarita_; 11. _Cubagua_; 12. _La Trinidad_; 13. _Tabago_; 14. _California_, the biggest of all the _American_ Islands.

The length of the _West-Indies_ is generally computed to be from the utmost South of _Terra Magellanica_, to the farthest North of _Estotiland_, about six thousand _English_ Miles, reaching from six Degrees of Northern, to fifty three of Southern Latitude; the breadth from _St. Michael_ or _Piura_ Westward, to _Parabaya_, a Town on the Coast of _Brasil_ Eastward, three thousand nine hundred Miles, and the whole compass thirty thousand.

SECT. II.
Estotiland.

That the _English_ have been very great Undertakers of Voyages and Discoveries toward the North-West, appears by the denomination of divers places, both from the Persons which have Sail’d thitherward, and also from such of our own Countrey Names as were thought fit to be there fix’d, as beyond the _Arctick Circle_ are Sir _James Lancaster’s Sound_, Sir _Dudley Diggs’s Cape_, Queens _Annes Foreland, Cumberland Isles, Davis’s Straight, &c._ on this side toward the _Arctick Circle_, _Button_’s and _Brigg_’s _Bay_, _Hudson_’s _Sea_, otherwise term’d _Mare Christianum_, out of which more Westerly runs a narrow Sea call’d _Hudson_’s _Straight_: beyond _Hudson_’s _Sea_ towards the _Arctick Circle_ is a place call’d _New North-Wales_; and on this side answerable to it, between _Button_’s _Bay_ and the _Christian Sea_, lies _New South-Wales_; all which places we find generally set down in the _American_ Hemisphere, but in the Geographical Discourses thereof little is said of them, if so much as nam’d. The farthest part of Land Northward, between _Hudson_’s _Gulph_ and _Hudson_’s _Straight_, betwixt fifty seven and sixty Degrees of Northern Latitude, goes generally by the Name of _Estotiland_, I mean that properly so call’d (for _Estotiland_ is by some as largely taken as _Canada_, by _Cluverius_, _Golnitzius_, _Peter du Val_, and others, namely for all that Tract of Land extending from that supposed _Straight of Anian_, which divides _America_ from _Asiatick Tartary_, as far as the utmost point of Land that shoots toward the _Atlantick Ocean_) which Southerly towards _Terra Laboratoris_ is bounded with a River vulgarly call’d _Rio Nevado_, or _The Snowy River_. _Estotiland_ seems to have deriv’d its Name from its lying more Easterly than the rest of the Provinces, and, according as _Nova Britannia_ is plac’d in some Charts, might very well be taken for the same, though it hath not been so term’d by any Author, but rather _Terra Laboratoris_, _Cortereatis_, and _Nova Britannia_ are generally receiv’d to be all one.

[Sidenote: First discovery of _Estotiland_.]

[Sidenote: The Nature of the People.]

This Province is affirm’d by _Matthias Quadus_, and _J. Antonius Maginus_, to have been the first discover’d Countrey of the new World, and that by _Antonius Zeno_, a Patrician of _Venice_, in the Year of our Lord 1390. which was long before the Expedition of _Columbus_, through the encouragement of _Zichmus_, King of the Isle of _Friezland_; but by whomsoever found out, or at whatsoever time, it is commonly affirm’d to be not ill furnish’d with Provisions of all sorts, as Beasts, Birds, Fish, Fowl, and Fruits, having a Soil indifferent fertile, in respect of the coldness of the Climate. The People in general (for some there are that live wild and salvage up and down the Woods, and go naked, whereas the Clothing of the Countrey is the Skins of Beasts and of Sea-Calves, call’d _Morses_) are reported not onely tolerably civil, but also ingenious and expert both in mechanick Arts, and other necessary Faculties, insomuch that the first Voyagers to this place are said to have observ’d of them upon this first Discovery, That they sow’d Corn, brew’d Beer and Ale, and Traded by Sea to _Greenland_, _Friezland_, and other places, to the distance of fifteen hundred Miles; and that they were not altogether void of the use of Letters, but that their Character was onely proper to themselves and not intelligible by any other Nation: Moreover, there is a certain Tradition, that there was here and there some little knowledge of the _Latine_ Tongue amongst them, and that there were found divers _Latine_ Books in a Library of one of their Kings; the reason of which, if true, is conjectur’d to be from certain _Europeans_ who understood that Language, having in Ages past suffer’d shipwrack upon those Coasts, where chancing to abide either through constraint or choice, they might haply at their Decease leave behind them some Books and other Monuments of the _Latine_ Tongue. They were observ’d to use such a kind of Javelin or short Dart, as was known to be us’d by the People of _Java_, and some other Islands of the _East-Indies_; whereupon it seems not wholly improbable, that they might for a long time have entertain’d Traffick and Correspondence with them.

[Sidenote: Description of the _Morses_.]

The _Morses_, or Sea-Calves before mention’d, are about the bigness of a young Heifer, the Hunting of which by the Natives, who take them in great numbers, is to them in the stead of Whale-fishing, which is not there so good, for they draw a great quantity of Train-Oyl out of them. On each side of the Jaw of this amphibious Creature (for it is said to live very much on the Land, as well as in the Water) there sticks out a crooked Tusk, winding downward like an Elephants _Proboscis_, above a Cubit in length, and as white and hard as Ivory: It is esteem’d of great vertue, at least it passes for such among those who take it for other than what it is, for it is frequently vended for Unicorns-horn; of which imposture Dr. _Brown_ takes notice, and gives a Caution against in his _Vulgar Errors_.

This Countrey is suppos’d, and that probably enough, to have store of Brass and Iron Mines; but for the Mines of Gold and Silver, which some have imagin’d there, the Northerly Situation of the Countrey, and by consequence the coldness of the Climate, give sufficient cause to question the truth of any such assertion. What chief Towns, Cities, Rivers and Mountains there are in this Province, is not yet deliver’d by any, onely _Maginus_ and _Quadus_ make mention of four principal Rivers, which disperse themselves through the Countrey, and take their source out of a great Mountain in the midst thereof.

SECT. III.
Terra Laboratoris.

[Sidenote: Situation.]

_Terra Laboratoris_, by some call’d _Nova Britannia_, by others _Corterealis_, (though there are some who make _Laboratoris_ and _Corterealis_ two distinct Countreys, comprehended, according to _Peter du Val_, under _Nova Britannia_, as the more general Province; or, according to _Cluverius_, under _Canada_) lies from about fifty four to fifty seven Degrees of Northern Latitude, between _Estotiland_ and the River _Canada_, which _Maginus_ and some others, though for what reason is not express’d, name _Fretum trium Fratrum_, _The Bay of the three Brethren_; others, _The River of St. Laurence_, and is, according to the said Author, of so vast a bigness, that the Mouth of it extends it self thirty five _Italian_ Miles wide; likewise of such a length, as to have been navigated a continu’d Voyage of eight hundred Miles. The denomination of _Terra de Laborador_, or _Laboratoris_, seems probably enough conjectur’d to be from the cultivability (if one may so term it) of the Soil, or its aptness for Cultivation or Tillage; that is, because by the painful Hand of the Labourer or Husband-man it may be rendred so fertile, as to yield all sorts of Grain and Fruits; haply in allusion to that fruitful Countrey of _Campania_ in _Italy_, vulgarly known by the Name of _Terra di Lavoro_. As for the Appellation of _Terra Corterealis_, it need not be question’d, but that it derives it self from _Gaspar Corterealis_, a _Portuguese_ Gentleman, who about the Year of our Lord 1500. is thought by some to have made the first discovery of these Parts; though Sir _Sebastian Cabot_ a _Venetian_, is more generally believ’d to have been the Man that (under the favour and countenance of _Henry_ the Seventh, King of _England_) first discover’d them, at least the adjoyning Island _Terra Nova_, or _New-found Land_; but just onely discover’d, being hinder’d the farther prosecution of that Design, by the important Affairs in which the said King was about that time involv’d; neither did _Corterealis_, whether he was the first, or came after, do any more, for returning within a year after his first setting out, he was never heard of; nor, as _Osorius_ a _Portuguese_ Historian writes, any of his Company, being all suppos’d to have been drown’d by Shipwrack; and in like manner _Michael Corterealis_, who the year following set forth with two Ships in quest of his Brother _Gaspar_. Upon which series of Misfortunes the _Portuguese_ being wholly discourag’d, and giving over this Design, the _French_ of _Armorica_ or _Bretany_ succeed them in it with somewhat better success about the Year 1504. whereupon it came to be term’d _Nova Britannia_, or _New Britain_. The ancient Inhabitants of this place were formerly of a Nature, like the generality of the _American_ People, somewhat bruitish and salvage, but by long conversation with the _French_, are said to have cast off their original wildness, and become more civilly manner’d: they are very jealous of their Wives, by report much addicted to Soothsaying, though otherwise having little of Religion, or of any other kind of Learning; they dwell for the most part in Caves under Ground, feed chiefly upon Fish, and are accounted most expert Archers. Whatever places the _French_ have built here besides, those of chiefest note are _St. Maries_, _Cabo Marzo_, and _Brest_.

SECT. IV.
Canada, or New France.

[Sidenote: Situation.]

_Canada_, as it is taken for one and the same Province with _New France_, contains _New France_, properly so call’d, _Nova Scotia_, _Norumbega_, and some adjoyning Islands, as the _Canada_ of _Cluverius_, lying more North-Westerly, comprehends (as we have already intimated) _Estotiland_, _Laboratoris_, and _Corterealis_, and, according to the most modern Division (for that of _Cluverius_ neither consents with the latest Authors, nor agrees with exact Survey, it being nam’d _Canada_, in respect the River _Canada_ runs through it) hath on the North _Terra Corterealis_, on the South _New England_, and on the East the Ocean, and hath between forty five and fifty two or fifty three Degrees of Northern Latitude. The River _Canada_ is judg’d to be the largest of all the Rivers of _America_, as those Rivers generally the largest of all in the World besides; it rises in the Western parts of this Province which remain yet undiscover’d, and in some places spreads it self into huge Lakes, some of them a hundred Miles in compass, with many little Islands dispersed up and down in them, and so running from the West about a hundred Leagues, falls at last into the North part of _St. Lawrence Bay_, being that wide _Emboucheure_ of thirty five Miles breadth already mention’d. This River is extraordinary full of Fish, among which there is one sort more remarkable than the rest, call’d by the Inhabitants _Cadhothuis_, having Heads resembling the Heads of Hares, and Bodies as white as Snow; they are taken for the most part before the Isle _de Lievres_. The Countrey on both sides of the River is pleasant and indifferently fertile, especially towards the South-West, where upwards from the River the Ground rises into many little Hills, invested most of them with Vines, with which and several other sorts of Trees this Countrey abounds, being well water’d with a great many lesser Streams, all of them falling into the River _Canada_.

[Sidenote: First discovery.]

That this Countrey is term’d _New France_, from having been discover’d by the _French_, at least more fully than before, there needs no question to be made; but whether _Joannes Verrazanus_, under _Francis_ the First of _France_, or _Sebastian Cabot_ before spoken of, were the first in this Discovery, may admit of something of dispute: the _Cabots_ indeed, (for _John_ the Father is by some mention’d to have accompanied his Son) who by all are own’d the first Discoverers of _New-found-Land_ and _Terra de Baccalaos_, are also commonly reputed to have first found out the Province of _New France_, together with some parts adjacent, though perhaps it might be upon this Ground that _Terra de Nova_, or _New-found-Land_, not being known at first to be an Island, _New France_ and that might be taken for one continu’d Province; and it appears so much the more probable, because _Canada_, or _Nova Francia_, is by some call’d _Terra Nova_; however it be, or whoever were the first Adventurers, _Quarteri_ and _Champlain_ are the two _French_-men that have gain’d so much fame by making a more ample and particular search into these parts, that this Province may seem from thence to have sufficient claim to the Title of _New France_, whereof that part more especially so call’d, lies on the North-side of the River _Canada_, and Southward to _Terra Corterealis_. The Winter is here very long, and so much the more severe by reason of a cold North-West Wind which blows most part of the Winter Season, and brings with it so thick a Snow, that it continues upon the Ground most commonly till after _May_. The Countrey is for the most part wooddy, but in the Champain parts thereof very fruitful of Corn, and all sorts of Grain, especially Pulse: It hath also Fish, Fowl, wild Deer, Bears, Marterns, and Foxes in abundance, and of Hares such plenty, that one of the little Islands belonging to this Province, is by the _French_ nam’d _L’Isle des Lievres_, or _The Island of Hares_: But the most peculiar Commodity belonging to this Countrey is the _Esurgnuy_, a kind of Shell-Fish, extraordinary white, and approv’d of singular vertue for the stanching of Blood; to which purpose they make Bracelets of them, not onely for their own use, but also to vend them to others; but _John de Laet_ and others have observ’d no other than a superstitious use of them amongst the Salvages, in their Funeral Rites for the Dead: the manner of their taking it is very remarkable; for when any one is condemn’d to die, or taken Prisoner, they cut off all his fleshy parts in long slices, and then throw him into the River, where they let him lie twelve hours, and at last pulling him out again find his Wounds full of _Esurgnui_. _Quadus_ and _Maginus_ make mention of three ancient Towns, namely _Canada_ (denominated as the Province, from the River) _Hochelai_ and _Hochchelaga_, giving Name to a Territory about it, which Geographers either take no notice of, or make some question of the being of such Towns; however, a late Describer of the _West-Indies_, not mentioning the other two, gives this description of the last, _viz._ _Hochchelaga_:

“This City (saith he) said to be the Seat and Residence of a King of this Country whom the Natives, at least some of them, acknowledge and reverence, carrying him sometimes in great pomp upon their Shoulders sitting upon a Carpet of Beasts Skins, is situate far within Land, at a distance of six or seven Leagues from the River _Canada_, and is a kind of fortifi’d place, encompass’d about with a threefold Range of Timber Ramparts one within another, of about two Rods high from the Ground, with cross Planks, or pieces of Timber jutting out, on purpose to hinder an Enemy’s Scaling or getting up; towards the top there is as it were a Scaffold or Gallery fram’d, from whence they may throw down Stones of which there is always good store ready, or what else to annoy the Assailants: It hath one onely Gate for Entrance, and that likewise well fortifi’d after their manner: There are guess’d to be in it fifty or sixty great Houses, built (as the maner of the _Americans_ that live in Houses usually is) in a square Figure, each side being about fifty Foot long, or more, and sixteen or twenty broad, but not many Stories high; and in the midst of the Court or void space, a place to make their Fire, and do other necessary work about it. Moreover the Territory round about this Town is both rich in Soil, and pleasant in Prospect.”

Besides these three above-mention’d Towns there are several others, which are not untaken notice of in the most modern Descriptions and Maps, _viz._ 1. _Stadac_, or _Stadacone_, somewhat Westward of a small Isle call’d _The Isle d’Orleance_; 2. _Quebeque_, which being made a Colony of the _French_, and the Natives expell’d, came to be Entituled _St. Croix_; 3. _Tadoussac_, which lies in that part of the Countrey denominated from the River _Saguenay_, and by some call’d at this day _Nouvelle Biscaye_, a delightful place, and full of stately Trees, and hath likewise a good and safe Haven, capable of receiving twenty Ships; 4. _Trois Rivieris_, or three Rivers; 5. _Monreal_; 6. _Sillery_; 7. _Richelieu_; besides two strong Castles or Forts, _Franceroy_ and St. _Lewis_; the First built by _Monsieur Robeval_ at his Landing here, about the Year 1540. the other design’d for a Colony, in the Year 1611. by _Monsieur Champlany_, but hinder’d by the Invasion of the _Iroquois_. The smaller Rivers that run out of the Gulph of St. _Lawrence_, and the grand River _Canada_ towards the North, on which side chiefly lies this Province, are, 1. _Chichesedec_, 2. St. _Margarite_, 3. _Lesquemin_, 4. _Saquenay_, before-mention’d, 5. _Montonne_; and on the South side, the River _Mary_. The principal Tribes of the ancient Natives of this Countrey were; on the North side of _Canada_ the _Canadans_, the _Betisiamites_, the _Hurons_, the _Algoniquins_, the _Quenongebins_, the _Algoingequins_, the _Attagopantans_, the _Atticameques_, the _Nipisiriniens_; and on the South side, the _Etechemins_, and the chief Heads or Princes of these Tribes were call’d _Sagamores_.

[Sidenote: Strange Fish nam’d _Chaousarou_.]

_Jaques Quartier_ Complementing their King _Agouthanna_, took up his Quarters a whole Winter at St. _Croix_, a Sandy Promontory, overflow’d by the River _Canada_, into which falls the Lake _de Champlain_, grown round about with Chestnut Trees; in it breeds the strange Fish call’d _Chaousarou_, generally ten Foot long, with Heads like Sharks, and two rows of Teeth in their Mouths, their Skins full of strong Scales, which are sufficient Shields against Swords and Lances, are great devourers of other Fish and Fowls, which they take after this manner, _viz._ they swim amongst Reeds or Canes, and lie still with their Mouths open; whereat the Birds sitting down upon them, are immediately swallow’d.

The Natives of _Nova Francia_ anoint their bodies with Oil; in the Summer they go naked, and in the Winter mantle themselves in Furs. Their Warlike Accoutrements are Darts and Clubs, but chiefly great Shields. They are revengeful, cruel, and fraudulent; their Women common to all Men, from fifteen to twenty, after which, Marrying, they become very Chaste. Their Diet is _Indian_ Corn, fresh and salt Fish, Venison, _Buffalo_’s and Beavers flesh; wiping their Fingers (when greasie) on their Heads, or their Dogs backs, which wait for the Scraps.

[Sidenote: Strange proof of Valor.]

[Sidenote: Wonderful opinion of God.]

[Sidenote: Flood.]

[Sidenote: Sorcerers.]

[Sidenote: They boast their Extract from Heaven.]

[Sidenote: Their strange Relation concerning it.]

[Sidenote: As also of the Creation, and Souls of the Deceased.]

[Sidenote: Strange Rock.]

[Sidenote: Thunder.]

[Sidenote: _Thakabech_ an Idol.]

[Sidenote: Funeral-Feast.]

At that season when the Corn covers the ground, to any heighth, they eat Cockles, Dogs, dead Caryon, and the Skins wherewith they Clothe themselves. When they have eaten their fill, they tabering on their Bellies, cry, _Tapoue Mikispoun_, that is, _Verily I am satisfi’d_. They give their Sick a speedy Cure, either immediately killing them, or inhumanely exposing them to the Woods, to be devour’d by ravenous Beasts, but if they die suddenly, they in howling tone pronounce _Ove, Ove_, thereby to chase the Souls of the Deceas’d out of their Huts; they stick the bodies on Woodden Prongs, cover them with Bark, and lay their Clothes and Arms by them; all what remains of the Funeral Feasts is burnt, whereas at other times, what e’re is brought on their Table they eat, though ready to burst. They make the first Proofs of their Valour by undergoing a most prodigious Torment, in this manner; Two by consent tie their naked Arms together, on which they suffer burning Sulphur to be pour’d, till the flesh starts from the bone; if either of them shrink, or pull back his Arm, he is accounted by them ever after as an ignominious and base Coward. They call God _Atahocan_, and believe that one _Messou_ first drowning the world by a general Deluge, restor’d it again after a wonderful manner, _viz._ _Messou_ hunting with Wolves, they scented a Deer which being closely pursu’d, leap’d into a neighboring Pool, the Wolves following it, were drown’d; _Messou_ coming thither, stood amaz’d at a Bird, which inform’d him, that the Wolves were pluck’d down, and held fast in the bottom by horrible Monsters, whereupon he diving, the Pool immediately began to swell, and at last the whole surface of the Earth to be overflow’d. _Messou_ afterwards let a Raven flie to fetch a Clod of Earth, but in vain, for all the Land lay drown’d in Water; at last a Rat diving to the bottom, brought a lump of Earth, out of which _Messou_ restor’d the World; shot Arrows into Trees, which became fruitful Branches. Here also reside an innumerable many _Sorcerers_, call’d _Pillotoa_’s, which sometimes being possess’d with a Frenzy, scourge themselves in a terrible manner, insomuch that the Blood runs down by their sides: These People are held in great esteem, for they boast themselves to have their Original from Heaven upon this occasion, _viz._ _Ataensic_, a certain great Queen or Goddess, residing above the Stars, had a sick Husband, who Dreamt that he should be restor’d to his former health so soon as he could but taste of the Fruits which grew on a Tree, whereby the Family of Heaven were kept alive, but that the Tree must needs be cut down, which _Ataensic_ obeying, gave onely two blows, when the Tree, to her great amazement, fell out of Heaven down to the Earth; there being by this means nothing more left to eat in Heaven: _Ataensic_ follow’d the fallen Tree, and being big with Child, bare a Daughter, which growing up to years, was Deliver’d of two Daughters, _viz._ _Taoviscaron_ and _Jouskeha_, the eldest of which slew the youngest: By these Fables we may discern their obscure knowledge of _Noah_’s Flood, _Eve_’s Fall, and _Cain_’s Murder. No less ridiculous is that which they believe concerning the Creation, _viz._ That the Waters were inclos’d within a Frog, which _Jouskeha_ causing to be cut open, all Streams and Rivers issuing out, had their Original from thence: This done, _Jouskeha_ open’d a Pit, out of which came all sorts of Beasts; they ascribe a Bodily shape to the Soul, as also Immortality, but that they live together in a great Village towards the West; from which removing sometimes, they knock at the Doors of their former Friends in the Night, and sow deserted Grounds: That the Journey towards the Village in which the Souls reside is very strange; the Highway thither beginning at a Rock nam’d _Ecaregniendi_, where they first Paint their Faces, which done, they go to a Hut inhabited by an old Man, nam’d _Osotrach_, who takes the Brains out of the Souls Head; after which they walk to a broad River, which they cross on a narrow Plank or Bridge, on which a Dog encountring, forces them to leap into the Water, which carries them down to the foremention’d Village. They acknowledge one _Oki_ for the Governor of the Sea, and seasons of the Year: They also Religiously Worship the Rock _Tsankchi Arasta_, which they believe some ages ago was once a Man, but afterward Transform’d into a Rock, in which a _Dæmon_ resides, who can make their Journies either successful or dangerous, wherefore they offer him Tobacco. Their opinion of Thunder is likewise very ridiculous, for they say that the Devil endeavoring to vomit a horrible Serpent, by straining to evacuate the same, rents the Clouds, and occasions Thunder. Lastly, They relate of a Dwarf call’d _Thakabech_, who climb’d on the top of a Tree, which by his blowing thereon grew so high, that it touch’d the Clouds, and _Thakabech_ easily stept into them, where he found all sorts of delight and pleasure; but having a Sister on Earth, descended again along the Tree, and fetching his Sister, conducted her above the Stars; mean while, _Thakabech_ going in the Night to see if he had taken any thing in his Net which he had pitch’d, found it full of Fire, and observing the same very narrowly, saw that he had taken the Sun, but durst not approach the same, by reason of its great heat; but making a Mouse, sent her to gnaw the Net in pieces, and set the Sun at liberty. Every twelfth year they keep an extraordinary great Funeral-Feast; for on the Set-time they flock from all parts to the appointed place, every one carrying thither the Bodies or Bones of their Deceas’d Friends, wrapt up in Clothes, and hang them over their Meat, which they eat singing; such fond and Superstitious Conceits make up the Religion of these poor deluded People.

SECT. V.
Accadia, or Nova Scotia.

_Nova Scotia_, or _New Scotland_, formerly call’d _Accadia_, is commonly accounted a part of _New France_, (_viz._ that part which lying on the South side of the River _Canada_, and shooting South-Easterly into a bosom of the Sea, forms it self into a _Peninsula_, between the Gulph of St. _Lawrence_, and the Bay _Francoise_) nevertheless, because of the different concernments of this part of the Countrey, in regard the right of claim to several places in this district, most especially of all _Nova Francia_ besides, hath been long in dispute between _Us_ and the _French_, it will be most convenient to Treat of it apart; and because the Series of Affairs, from its first discovery, till of late years, appears faithfully represented on the _English_ part, in a Remonstrance Address’d to the King and Council by Sir _Lewis Kirk_, and his Brother _John Kirk_ Esquire; it will not be amiss (onely adding some few things upon occasion) to follow exactly the Narration of Affairs, deliver’d in the said Remonstrance to this effect.

“1. The whole Tract or Space of Land in _America_, lying on either
side of the River _Canada_, which a long time since were known by
the Names of _Nova Francia_, and _Nova Scotia_, were at first
discover’d and found out by the _English_, in the time of _Henry_
the Seventh, King of _England_; which Expedition was first
undertaken at the Command and Charges of that King; afterwards
further’d and carry’d on by the favorable Aspect of Queen
_Elizabeth_; so that in process of time, for many years together,
the said Tract of Ground, with absolute Priviledge of free Commerce,
fell under the Jurisdiction and Power of the Crown of _England_:
Neither was it unto any other _Christian_ Princes, or their Subjects
more clearly known or discover’d, untill about the year 1600. some
of the _French_ understanding the benefit arising by Traffique in
the River of St. _Lawrence_, having formerly seiz’d upon that Tract
of Land, situate on the North side of the said Floud or River
_Canada_, did afterwards, in _Anno 1604._ (_under the Conduct of_
Peter de Gua, _Lord_ of Monts, _who in the year 1606. was follow’d
by_ Monsieur de Pourtrincourt) Possess themselves of _L’Accadie_,
lying on the South side of the said River, naming the whole _Nova
Francia_, challenging to themselves for many years, at least _de
facto_, the Possession thereof, with sole liberty of Commerce there.

“2. In _Anno 1621._ King _James_ of _England_ looking upon the
Possession gotten there by the _French_, as upon an Invasion, did by
his Letters Patents Grant unto Sir _William Alexander_ a _Scotchman_
(_Created afterwards Earl of_ Sterling, _by King_ Charles _the
First_) _L’Accadie_, by the Name of _Nova Scotia_; who in the year
1622, and 1623. _after Sir_ Samuel Argal _had driven out_ Biard
_and_ Masse, _and demolishing their Fort, carry’d them Prisoners_ to
Virginia; having obtain’d the Possession thereof, they Planted a
Colony therein, and kept Possession for about two years after, until
such time, as upon the Marriage of his Majesty King _Charles_ the
First, with the Lady _Henrietta Maria_, the said _L’Accadie_, or
_Nova Scotia_, was by Order of the King of _England_ return’d into
the Possession of the _French_.

“3. Afterwards a War arising between his Majesty King _Charles_ the
First, and _Lewis_ the XIII. _Anno 1627._ and _1628_. Sir _David
Kirk_ and his Brethren and Relations of _England_, did by vertue of
his Majestie’s Commission, send to Sea (at their great charge) first
three, afterwards nine Ships, with Warlike Preparations for
recovering of the Possession of the said Lands, lying on either side
of the said River _Canada_, and to expel and eject all the _French_
Trading in those Parts, wherein they had good Success; and in _Anno
1627._ did there seize upon about eighteen of the _French_ Ships,
wherein were found a hundred thirty five Pieces of Ordnance,
design’d for relief of the _Royal Fort_ in _L’Accadie_, and
_Quebeck_ in _Nova Francia_, under the Command of _Monsieur de
Rocmand_, and _Monsieur de la Tour_, Father of _de la Tour_,
Governor of the said _Royal Fort_, whom, together with the said
Ships and Guns, they brought into _England_; and in the year 1628.
they Possess’d themselves of the whole Region of _Canada_ or _Nova
Francia_, situate on the North side of the River, together with the
Fort or Castle of _Quebeck_, Sir _Lewis Kirk_ being then constituted
Governor of the place, the _French_ being then either expell’d or
convey’d into _England_, and the Arms of the King of _England_ being
publickly there erected, and every where plac’d; and before the year
1628. it was brought to pass by the said Sir _William Alexander_,
(assisted both by the advice and charge of the said _Kirk_) that in
the parts of _L’Accadie_, or _Nova Scotia_, on the South side of the
River _Canada_, the whole place, with the Forts thereon built, being
by him subdu’d, presently came under the Power of the King of
_England_; that Region on the South side falling into the Possession
of the said Sir _William Alexander_, and that on the North side,
into the Possession of the _Kirks_.