Chapter CII: Section 4: That the joint resolution of Congress, approved (3)

Borden, Sir Robert, Premier of Canada, vi: 24;
urges increase of Foreign Service Army, Jan., '16, vi: 27.

"Bore" of gun, defined, viii: 111.

Boris, Czar of Bulgaria,
succeeds to throne following abdication of Ferdinand, '18, vi: 347.

Boselli, Signor, forms coalition Italian cabinet, June, '16, vi: 127.

Bosnia-Herzegovina, annexed by Austria, '08, i: 109, vi: 356;
devastated, '18, vi: 363.

Bosphorus, bombarded by Russian warships, Mar. 28, '15, i: 378.

Botchkareva (Butchkareff),
Ensign Vera, commander of Battalion of Death, x: 183-185, xi: 205.

Botha, Gen. Louis,
commander of British South African troops, iii: 253;
policy as Prime Minister of Union of South Africa, vi: 47;
biography, ix: 191-193.

Bott, Capt. Alan,
British ace, experiences as Turkish prisoner, x: 235-237.

Bourassa, Henri, Canadian Nationalist leader, vi: 30;
opposition to Canadian participation in War, vi: 30.

Bouresches, objective in Belleau Wood action, v: 37, 133, 137.

Bourgeois, Leon, advocate of League of Nations, xii: 155.

Bourmont, training area for 2nd Div., v: 6.

_Bouvet_, French battleship at Gallipoli, iv: 31;
sunk by mine, Mar. 18, '15, iv: 35, 47, 375.

Bovington, U. S. Tank School at, v: 314.

Boy-Ed, Capt. Karl, German Naval Attaché in U. S., dismissed, i: 276;
share in passport frauds, i: 315;
German arch-spy in U. S., x: 329.

Boy Scouts, war-time activities, British, xi: 94;
Belgian, xi: 98;
French, xi: 98;
American, xi: 100-116.

Boycott, anti-German, Allied proposals for, xii: 102.

Boyemia River, French withdraw to, in Salonika Campaign, iii: 204.

Boyle, Lieut.-Com. E. C.,
commander of British submarine _E-14_, iv: 209.

Boyon Wood, taken by 18th and 28th Inf., Oct. 5, '18, v: 240.

_Brabançonne, La_, Belgian national hymn, xi: 327.

Brabant, A. E. F. engineers bridge Meuse at, Oct. 8, '18, v: 245.

Bradley, Brig.-Gen. Alfred E., Chief Surgeon, A. E. F., v: 345.

Brady, Father John J., heroic chaplain of U. S. Marines, x: 100.

Brandeville, occupied by 5th Div., Nov. 7, '18, v: 271.

Brazil, German population of, i: 79;
severs diplomatic relations with Germany, Apr. 11, '17, i: 389;
declares war on Germany, Oct. 26, '17, i: 392, vi: 390;
Peace Conference delegates, xii: 180.

Bread, daily consumption by A. E. F., v: 330.

Breguet bombing airplanes, viii: 224.

Breheville, taken by 5th Div., Nov. 8, '18, v: 272.

_Bremen_,
German cruiser sunk by British submarine, Dec. 18, '15, i: 382.

Bremen, Spartacide uprising in, Feb., '19, vi: 294.

Breshkovsky, Catherine,
leader of Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party, vi: 148;
prophecy on Russia, ix: 231;
biography, ix: 348.

_Breslau_, German cruiser,
outwits Allied fleets and escapes to Bosphorus, Aug., '14,
i: 375, iv: 13;
sunk, Jan. 20, '18, i: 393.

Brest, embarkation port for returning A. E. F., v: 396.

Brest-Litovsk, captured by Germans, Aug. 25, '15, i: 381, iii: 138.

Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of,
between Russia and Germany, a dictated "German peace,"
ii: 63, vi: 183, vi: 268;
effect of Austro-Hungarian demands for peace on, vi: 314;
abrogated by Treaty of Versailles, '19, xii: 205.

_Bretelle_, definition of, v: 16.

Breton, J. L., inventor of armored barbed-wire cutter, viii: 152.

Briand, Aristide, forms French Cabinet, Oct., '15, vi: 100.

Bridges, pontoons, viii: 299;
portable steel, viii: 301.

Brieulles-sur-Bar, captured by 78th Div., Nov. 4, '18, v: 266.

Brieuvilles-sur-Meuse,
action in Meuse-Argonne battle at, Sept. 27, '18, v: 226.

Briey, iron area coveted by Germans, ii: 6.

_Brilliant_, British cruiser in Zeebrugge raid, iv: 262.

Briquenay, captured by 78th Div., Nov. 2, '18, v: 91.

_Bristol_,
British warship in battle of Falkland Islands, iv: 70.

Bristol airplanes, viii: 203.

_Britannia_, British battleship torpedoed, Nov. 9, '18, i: 399.

_Britannic_,
British hospital ship sunk by mine, Nov. 21, '16, i: 389.

British American War Relief Fund, vii: 99.

Brody, captured by Russians, July 28, '16, i: 386, iii: 120, 145.

_Broke_,
British destroyer, night battle with German destroyers, x: 293-295.

Browning, Vice-Adm. Sir Montague E.,
head of British delegation to U. S., iv: 157.

Browning machine-guns, description, viii: 84-87;
U. S. production figures, xii: 284.

Brunehilde position, location, v: 84.

Brusiloff, Gen. Alexei Alexeievitch,
commands Russian invasion of Galicia, '16, ii: 42, 235, iii: 119;
biography, ix: 232-235.

Brussels, occupied by Germans, Aug. 20, '14, iii: 14;
German entry described by Richard Harding Davis, iii: 271-273.

_Brussels_, Capt. Fryatt's ship, x: 265.

Bryan, William Jennings, policy on German submarine warfare, i: 321;
resigns as Secretary of State, i: 321.

Buchan, John, description of Mons retreat, iii: 277-281.

Bucharest, captured by Germans, Dec. 6, '16, iii: 222.

Bucharest, Treaty of,
between Rumania and Central Powers, May 6, '18, i: 395, vi: 352;
Bulgarian attitude on, vi: 339.

Buck, Maj.-Gen. Beaumont B.,
cited for gallantry at Berzy-le-Sec, v: 180;
promoted to major-general, v: 182;
commands 3rd Div. at St. Mihiel, Sept. 12, '18, v: 202.

Buckeye (37th) Division, _see_ U. S., Army.

Budapest, Bolshevik riots in, '18--'19, vi:323.

Buenz, Dr. Karl, German secret agent in U. S., x: 331.

Buffaloes (92nd Division), _see_ U. S., Army.

Bukovina, occupied by Russians, iii: 122.

Bulair Lines, Gallipoli defenses, iv: 24.

Bulgaria, German ruler of, i: 96;
defeat and surrender to Allies, Sept. 30, '18,
i: 399, ii: 94, 96, 216, iii: 213, vi: 347, xi: 48;
key to Balkan situation, ii: 28;
tool of Germany, ii: 28;
enmity for Serbia, ii: 32;
reasons for siding with Germany, ii: 32;
enters War, Oct. 14, '15, ii: 33, vi: 343;
Ludendorff's reasons for collapse of, ii: 329;
mobilizes against Serbia, iii: 156, vi: 342;
invades Rumania, Sept. 2, '16, iii: 218;
prisoners of war, iii: 404;
casualties, iii: 404, xii: 289;
effect of surrender on German morale, vi: 270;
racial characteristics, vi: 338;
desire for Balkan supremacy, vi: 339;
geographical position, vi: 341;
attitude toward Allies, vi: 341;
proclaims neutrality, '14, vi: 341;
terms for entering War, vi: 341;
antagonism toward Russia, vi: 342;
Agrarian Party against War, vi: 343;
result of Teutonic alliance, vi: 344;
cession of Demotika to, by Turkey, vi: 344;
friction with Germany, vi: 344;
attitude toward Russian Revolution, vi: 344;
dispute with Turkey, '18, vi: 345;
Bolshevism in, vi: 346;
terms of armistice with Allies, vi: 347;
money equivalent of man-power lost, xii: 25;
war cost, Oct., '15--Oct., '19, xii: 107;
rise in national debt, xii: 114;
for military operations, _see_ name of campaign.

Bullard, Lieut.-Gen. Robert Lee,
in command of Third Army Corps, A. E. F., Aug., '18,
v: 62,167, 189, 383;
of Second Army, Oct., '18, v: 83, 246, 390;
of Toul sector, Jan., '18, v: 115;
in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, v: 219, 388;
biography, ix: 218-221.

Bullets, _see_ Ammunition.

Bülow, Gen. von,
commands German army in first Marne battle, ii: 184, iii: 10;
on Italian Front, iii: 247.

Bülow, Prince Bernhard von, biography, ix: 128-131.

Bulson, captured by 42nd Div., Nov. 6, '18, v: 269.

_Bulwark_, British battleship blows up, Nov. 26, '14, i: 376.

Bundesrat, German, composition and powers, i: 71, 156.

Bundy, Maj.-Gen. Omar, commander, 2nd Div., v: 109, 132;
biography, ix: 223-226.

Burat, captured by Bulgars, Jan. 23, '16, i: 384.

Burdick, "Ma," Salvation Army mother in France, vii: 384.

Bures, training area for 1st Div., v: 6.

_Buresk, S. S._, _Emden's_ collier, iv: 188.

Burney, Vice-Adm. Sir Cecil, commands British Channel Fleet, iv: 89.

Burnham, Gen.,
commands 82nd Div. at St. Mihiel, Sept. 12, '18, v: 202.

Burns, use of ambrine in treatment of, viii: 390.

Bushnell, David, Revolutionary War inventor of submarine, iv: 201.

Buzancy, captured by 80th Div., Nov. 2, '18, v: 91, 217, 264.

Buzzer phone, use of, in action, v: 318.

Byng, Gen. Sir Julian,
commander of British Third Army, ii: 214, iii: 371;
fights battle of Cambrai, Nov., '17, iii: 82, 337-340, viii: 142;
personal traits, iii: 376.

Bzura, scene of fighting in German attack on Warsaw, iii: 129.

C

_Cabinga, S. S._, prize of German raider _Emden_, iv: 172.

Cables,
German submarine surrendered to Allies under Peace Treaty,
xii: 225.

Cableways, Italian aerial, viii: 303-306.

Cadets, Russian political party, aims of, vi: 148.

Cadorna, Gen. Luigi, member of Inter-Allied General Staff, iii: 84;
Italian commander in Isonzo campaign, iii: 241;
biography, ix: 225-229.

Caillaux, Joseph,
arrested on charge of treason, Jan. 13, '18, i: 393;
accused of traitorous activities, vi: 106.

Caillette Wood, taken by French Oct. 24, '16, i: 388.

Calais, German drive for, iii: 40;
Calais to Persia, Germany's goal in world control plan, '13, ii: 2.

Call, 2nd Lieut. Donald M.,
gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 402.

Callaghan, Adm. Sir George,
commander of British Grand Fleet,
relieved by Jellicoe, Aug. 5, '14, iv: 88.

Cambrai, German base in France, ii: 86;
first battle of, Nov., '17,
Maj.-Gen. Swinton on work of British tanks at, ii: 280;
Byng's surprise attack, iii: 80, 337-340
(Philip Gibbs's description), viii: 142, 156;
American engineers at, iii: 82;
German prisoners captured, iii: 82;
German counter-offensive, iii: 82;
"best-kept secret of War," iii: 337;
adventures of a tank pilot, iii: 338;
Order of the Day for Tank Corps, Nov. 20, '17, iii: 340;
second battle of, Sept. 27--Oct. 10, '18, ii: 281, v: 213;
captured by Allies, Oct. 9, '18, xi: 52.

Cambrai-St. Quentin sector,
Allies smash Hindenburg Line, '18, iii: 101.

Cameron, Maj.-Gen. George H., commands 4th Div., May, '18, v: 128;
commands Fifth Corps, St. Mihiel, Sept., '18, v: 65, 202, 386;
commands Fifth Corps in Meuse-Argonne, Sept., '18, v: 219, 388.

Cameroons (Kamerun) conquered by Allies,
Aug., '14--Feb., '16, iii: 252, xii: 279;
area, xii: 279;
population, '16, xii: 279.

_Camilla, S. S._, Belgian Relief ship sunk by U-boat, iv: 230.

Camouflage, use in outwitting U-boats, iv: 311, viii: 343, xi: 241;
for masking machine-guns, v: 287;
development, viii: 136;
in nature, viii: 336;
war uses, viii: 336-344, xi: 277, 291-295.

Camp des Romains fort, location in St. Mihiel salient, v: 199.

_Campbells Are Coming_, Scotch patriotic air, xi: 334.

Canada, becomes self-governing dominion, 1867, i: 43;
army in Europe, July, '16, iii: 343;
characteristics of fighting forces, iii: 343;
war casualties, iii: 404, 405;
prisoners of war, iii: 404;
strength of army, iii: 405;
political conditions, prior to '14, vi: 23;
enthusiastic response to declaration of war, vi: 24;
political situation, Aug., '14, vi: 25;
war donations by provinces, vi: 25;
Conservatives advocate close Imperial Federation, vi: 25;
Premier Borden's view of Canada
as a "participating nation" of British Empire, vi: 25;
Liberal view of Imperial Federation, vi: 26;
voluntary enlistments, vi: 26;
increase in land under cultivation, '15, vi: 26;
increase in food exports, '15, vi: 26;
bilingual schools issue creates race antagonism, vi: 27-28;
Bourassa, Nationalist leader, opposes War, vi: 30;
failure of recruiting among French-Canadians, vi: 31-36;
conscription, problems of, vi: 31-36;
Anglo-Saxons indorse conscription, vi: 31;
labor against conscription, vi: 32;
Liberals support conscription, vi: 32;
Conscription Bill announced, June, '17, vi: 32;
Conscription Bill passed, Aug., '17, vi: 33;
War Franchise Bill, '17, vi: 34;
Catholic Church opposes conscription, vi: 34;
results of election, '17, vi: 35;
pro-conscriptionists form "Unionist" coalition, vi: 35;
secessionist talk, vi: 36;
Quebec draft riots, Mar., '18, vi: 36;
loans floated in U. S., Aug., '14--Jan., '17, xii: 2;
coal production, '13--'17, xii: 48;
nationalization plans for railroads, xii: 90;
war cost, Aug., '14--Aug., '19, xii: 107;
rise in public debt, xii: 114;
Peace Conference delegates, xii: 179;
_see also_ Great Britain.

Canadian sector on Western Front, '17, iii: 343.

_Canadians_, poem by W. H. Ogilvie, x: 318.

Canal du Nord, crossed by Allies, Sept. 25, '18, i: 397.

Canal sector, Ypres to Voormezeele, v: 300.

Canary birds, as gas detectors, xi: 324.

Cannon, _see_ Artillery.

_Canopus_, British battleship at Gallipoli, iv: 33;
in Cradock's fleet off Coronel, iv: 64;
in battle of Falklands, iv: 70.

Cantigny,
captured by 1st Div., May 28, '18, i: 395, iii: 94, v: 31, 124;
American casualties at, v: 33, 128, 141;
significance of capture, v: 34;
Pershing's report on capture, v: 380.

Cantonments, U. S., description, xi: 155;
soldiers' life at, xi: 159;
construction of, xii: 125.

_Cap Trafalgar_, armed German liner,
battle with British _Carmania_,
Sept. 14, '14, iv: 199, x: 318-321.

Cape Helles, Turkish fortification at, iv: 42.

Cape Yeni Shehr, Turkish fortifications at, iv: 42.

Caporetto, Italian disaster at,
Oct. 21--Nov. 1, '17, effect on Western Front, ii: _Intro. xx_;
Italian rout before Austrian advance, ii: 246;
wholesale Italian surrenders, ii: 246;
army demoralized, iii: 247;
causes of rout, ii: 248, vi: 129;
retreat checked at the Piave, ii: 250;
effect on Italo-Slav unity, vi: 362.

Caproni triplanes, viii: 223.

Carabinieri, Italian military police, ii: 242.

Carbon dioxide, asphyxiating properties of, viii: 166;
monoxide, poisonous properties of, viii: 166-168.

Carbonyl chloride, _see_ Phosgene.

Carden, Vice-Adm.,
commands British naval forces in Mediterranean,'15, iv: 28;
at Gallipoli, iv: 31;
resigns, Mar. 16, '15, iv: 32.

Carency, French attack at, May 11--12, '15, i: 380.

Carignan-Sedan-Mézières railroad,
vital importance to Germans, v: 387;
threatened by Meuse-Argonne Offensive, v: 387.

_Carmania_, armed British liner,
battle with German _Cap Trafalgar_,
Sept. 14, '14, iv: 199, x: 318-321.

_Carnarvon_, British cruiser at Falklands, armament of, iv: 70.

_Carnetta, S. S._, Belgian Relief ship sunk by U-boat, iv: 230.

Carniola, clash of Italians and Jugoslavs in, vi: 364.

Carpathian Mts., Russian attempts to cross, '15, ii: 26;
Ludendorff's account of campaigns, ii: 360;
topography, iii: 108;
Russians occupy passes, Sept., '14, iii: 124;
Austrian attacks, Jan.--Mar., '15, iii: 132;
_see also_ Russian Front.

Carpenter, Capt.,
commander of _Vindictive_ at Zeebrugge raid, iv: 263;
account of Zeebrugge raid, iv: 266.

Carrel, Dr. Alexis,
invents Carrel-Dakin treatment for infected wounds,
viii: 369, ix: 312, xi: 289;
wins Nobel prize, '12, ix: 310;
biography, ix: 310-313.

Carrel-Dakin treatment, description, viii: 369-372, ix: 312, xi: 289.

Carso Plateau, description, ii: 244, iii: 239;
Italian advance across, June, '15--Oct., '17, ii: 245;
_see also_ Italian Front.

Carson, Sir Edward,
leader of Ulster opposition to Irish Home Rule, vi: 53, 60;
biography, ix: 50-53.

Cary, Gen. Langle de,
commands a French army at first Marne battle, ii: 184.

Casement, Sir Roger,
hanged for treason, Aug. 3, '16, i: 386, vi: 60, ix: 53;
negotiations with Germany, vi: 57;
captured, vi: 58.

_Cassin_, U. S. destroyer torpedoed, account of, iv: 343.

Castelletto, mined by Italians, viii: 311.

Castelnau, Gen., commands French forces in Lorraine, iii: 16;
stops Germans at Roye, Sept., '14, iii: 38;
appointed Chief of Staff, Dec., '14, iii: 46;
at Verdun, iii: 304.

Casualties, among troops attacking with tanks, ii: 284;
total in War, iii: 403;
classified by belligerents, iii: 404;
civilian deaths due to War, iii: 405;
per cent. of head wounds, viii: 64;
in World War compared with all other wars, 1800--1913, xii: 25;
money equivalent of man-power lost, military and civilian, xii: 25;
total battle deaths, by countries, xii: 288;
_see also_ under campaign, battle, and country.

Cattaro, bombarded by French and British, Aug. 24, '14, i: 375.

Caucasus, military operations in, Oct., '14--Jan., '15, ii: 91-92;
iii: 260-263, xi: 29;
early history, vi: 231;
conflict of racial interests, vi: 231;
Russian misrule in, vi: 231;
demand for self-government, '05, vi: 231;
effect of Russian Revolution, vi: 232;
rise of new nations under Russian Revolution, vi: 233.

Caudron bombing airplanes, viii: 223.

Causes, of War,
summarized by Dr. Chas. W. Eliot, i: _Intro. vii_;
complexity of, i: 2;
conflict of political systems, i: 4;
conflict of nationalistic aspirations, i: 5;
element of individual responsibility, i: 5;
German desire for war, i: 8;
colonial rivalry, i: 14;
Anglo-German economic rivalry, i: 78, 121;
German ambitions for world power, i: 83;
murder of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, i: iii;
Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg's statement of, i: 117;
Vice-Chancellor Helfferich's statement of, i: 119;
Dr. Dernburg's statement of, i: 120;
statement of German "Intellectuals" on, i: 120;
racial element in, i: 120;
German territorial ambitions, i: 122;
German excuse of Russian menace, i: 137, 139;
German statement of English responsibility, i: 193;
Prince Lichnowsky denies Anglo-German commercial jealousy, i: 193;
Ludendorff's analysis of, ii: 346;
_see also_ Germany, Responsibility for War.

Cavalry, function in Palestine campaign, ii: 93;
Field-Marshal Haig on value of, ii: 120;
German military critic on importance of, ii: 260;
use in St. Mihiel drive, v: 206;
_see also_ under armies of each country.

Cavell, Edith, executed Oct. 12, '15, i: 382;
story of, x: 172;
betrayed by Gaston Quien, x: 352.

"C. C. Gear,"
for timing machine-gun fire through airplane propeller blades,
viii: 214-216.

Cecil, Lord Robert, advocate of League of Nations, xii: 155.

Cemeteries for A. E. F. dead in France, v: 331, 400.

Central Committee for Relief of Jews Suffering Through the War,
vii: 352;
_see also_ Jews.

Central Council of Delegates meets in Berlin, Dec. 16, '18, vi: 283.

Central Powers, unity of command established, ii: 330;
general strategic plan on Eastern Front, iii: 110;
mobilized strength, iii: 430;
war casualties, iii: 404;
prisoners of war, iii: 404;
peace proposals, Dec. 12, '16, vi: 313;
Anti-Slav policy, vi: 360;
war cost, xii: 27, 107;
rise in national debts, xii: 114;
_see also_
Austria-Hungary;
Bulgaria;
Germany;
Turkey.

Central Records Office, A. E. F., v: 402.

Cereals, shipped to Europe by U. S., '16--'18, xii: 37.

Cerna River, Serb attack on Bulgars at, Sept. 15, '18, iii: 213.

Cernavoda, captured by Teutons, Oct. 25, '16, i: 388, iii: 221.

Cernavoda-Constanza Railway, Teutons gain control of, iii: 221.

Cettinje, captured by Austrians, Jan. 13, '16, i: 384.

Châlons, abandoned by Allies, Aug. 28, '14, i: 375;
taken by French, Sept. 11, '14, i: 375;
system of trench defenses, v: 44.

Chamberlain, Austen,
responsibility for Mesopotamian failure, iii: 364.

Chamberlaine, Brig.-Gen. Wm.,
commands Railway Reserve, First Army, A. E. F., v: 305.

Champagne, French offensive in, Sept., '15, ii: 25, iii: 46;
as possible sector for German spring drive, '18, ii: 67;
German offensive checked, July 15--17, '18,
v: 47, 129, 155, viii: 146-148;
A. E. F. participation in Allied defensive, July 15--17, '18,
v: 148-158.

Champigneulle, attacked by 77th Div., Nov. 1, '18, v: 263.

Champneuville, captured by Germans, Feb. 27, '16, i: 384.

Chanak, town on Dardanelles, iv: 24;
bombarded by Allies, Mar. 6, '15, iv: 45.

Channel ports, importance to Allies, ii: _Intro. viii_;
German drive for, '18, ii: 75, iii: 38, 359;
opposing views of Viscount French and Joffre on importance of,
ii: 172;
Belgian coast evacuated by Germans, Oct., '18, ii: 214.

_Chant du Départ, Le_, French patriotic song, xi: 333.

Chapman, Victor,
member of Lafayette Escadrille, killed at Verdun, iii: 391.

Charcoal, use in gas masks, viii: 176.

_Charge of the Tank Brigade_,
poem by Vilda Sauvage Owens, xi: 267.

_Charlemagne_, French battleship at Gallipoli, iv: 31.

Charleroi, captured by Germans, Aug. 21--23, '14, i: 375.

Charles Francis, Emperor of Austria-Hungary,
ascends throne, Nov. 21, '16, i: 388;
secret letter to Prince Sixtus asking for peace,
Mar., '17, ii: 63, 315;
conciliatory policy, vi: 313;
overthrown by Socialist revolution, '18, vi: 317;
letter of appeal to King Ferdinand of Rumania, vi: 317;
leaves Austria, Mar. 23, '19, vi: 319;
biography, ix: 371-373.

Charpentry, captured by 35th Div., Sept. 27, '18, v: 227.

Chartèves, captured by 3rd Div., v: 383.

Chasseurs, description, xi: 189.

Château-Thierry captured by Germans, June 1, '18, ii: 154, iii: 93;
Ludendorff on A. E. F. fighting at, ii: 320;
re-occupied by A. E. F. and French, July 21, '18, iii: 96, v: 184;
German attempts to cross Marne at, repulsed by A. E. F.,
May 31--June 3, '18, v: 35, 130, 134-135, 381-382, xi: 43;
location and importance, v: 133;
_see also_ Marne, battles of, July, '18.

Châteauroux, U. S. gas-mask factory at, v: 324.

Châtel-Chehery, captured by 28th Div., Oct. 7, '18, v: 243.

Châtillon, Germans force bridgehead at, July 15, '18, v. 51.

Châtillon Wood, taken by 60th Inf., Nov. 5, '18, v: 271.

Chaulnes, captured by British, Mar. 17, '17, iii: 68.

Chaumont, A. E. F. general headquarters, v: 100.

Chaumont-en-Vixen, training area for 1st Div., v: 121.

Chelsea War Refugees Fund, vii: 106.

Chemery, captured by 42nd Div., Nov. 6, '18, v: 269.

Chemical warfare,
poison gas first used by Germans at battle of Ypres, Apr.,
'15, iii: 42, 288, 320, xi: 316, xii: 285;
first use against Russians, iii: 288-292;
Pierre Loti's description of gassed, iii: 320-322;
German projector batteries, v: 28;
U. S. Chemical Warfare Service, activities, v: 321-327, 401;
gas warfare development, v: 321;
kinds of poison gases used, v: 321, viii: 166-172;
mustard gas, v: 321, viii: 171, xi: 321;
phosgene (carbonyl chloride), v: 321, viii: 168-170;
U. S. production of gas shells, v: 324, 325;
invention in U. S. of super-poisonous gas, viii: _Intro. ix_;
methods of gas attack, viii: 162-165;
gas clouds, viii: 162-164, xi: 316;
gas shells, description and use, viii: 164, xi: 320;
poisoning and asphyxiation, differences, viii: 166-167;
carbon dioxide, asphyxiating properties, 166;
nitrogen, asphyxiating properties, viii: 166;
carbon monoxide, poisonous properties, viii: 166, 167, 168;
chlorine, use in gas attacks, viii: 168-170;
vaporous liquid poisons, use in gas attacks, viii: 170-172;
diphosgene, use in gas attacks, viii: 170;
xylyl bromide (tear gas), use in gas attacks, viii: 170;
chlorpicrin, use in gas attacks, viii: 171;
sneezing gas, use in gas attacks, viii: 171;
Lewisite, new American poison gas, deadliest of all, viii: 172;
methods of defense against gas attacks, viii: 173-179;
oxygen helmets, viii: 173;
gas masks, viii: 174-178;
use of charcoal in gas masks, viii: 176;
fans for blowing away poison gases, viii: 178;
use of neutralizing reagents, viii: 178;
wet blankets as air-locks, viii: 178;
U. S. poison-gas production at Edgewood Arsenal,
viii: 179-187, xii: 285;
gas gangrene, xi: 287;
international law on, xi: 313;
general description, xi: 313-323.

Chemin des Dames, battle and capture of,
by Germans, May 27, '18, i: 395, ii: 76, 154, v: 132;
Germans driven from, '17, iii: 73-76;
training area for 26th Div., v: 117.

_Chemung, S. S._,
American steamer torpedoed, Nov. 26, '16, i: 389.

Chennery, captured by 2nd Div., Nov. 1, '18, v: 263.

Cheppy, captured by 35th Div., Sept. 26, '18, v: 225.

Chiapovano Valley, Italian objective in '17 drive, ii: 58.

Children in the War, xi: _Intro. ix-xiii_, 56-84;
letters of, xi: 60, 74-84;
brave Belgian boys run off to war, xi: 67;
Prudent Marius, the boy dispatch rider, xi: 69;
"The Little Serbian Sergeant," xi: 69;
American relief for European, xi: 84-93.

Chile, neutral during War, vi: 390;
Tacna-Arica dispute with Peru, vi: 390.

Chiles, Capt. Marcellus H.,
gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 401.

Chilly, taken by French, Sept. 4, '16, i: 386.

China, under foreigners' yoke, i: 18;
defeated by Japan in war of 1894, i: 20;
forced to accept "open door" policy, i: 38;
U. S. policy of "open door" in, i: 57;
special Japanese interests in,
recognized by Lansing-Ishii Note, '17, i: 58;
international position of, '14, i: 63;
severs diplomatic relations with Germany, Mar. 14, '17, i: 389;
declares war on Teutonic Allies, Aug. 14, '17, i: 390;
coolie labor in France, ii: 377, xii: 80, 85;
siege of Tsing Tau, iii: 257;
Tsing Tau seized by Germans, 1897, iii: 259;
origin of phrase "yellow peril," vi: 248;
Japanese demands on, '15, vi: 385;
coal production, '13--'15, xii: 48;
refuses to sign Peace Treaty with Germany, xii: 167;
delegates to Peace Conference, xii: 180;
German rights in, surrendered under Peace Treaty, xii: 206;
Kiao-Chau (Shantung)
transferred to Japan under Peace Treaty, xii: 209;
_see also_ Kiau-Chau; Shantung.

"Chinese Citizen Boy," letter from, xi: 179.

Chipilly Ridge,
33rd Div. breaks German line at, 'Aug. 1, '18, v: 260.

Chloride of lime, amount issued by U. S. Army, v: 324.

Chlorine, first used by Germans in gas attack at Ypres,
Apr., '15, iii: 42, 288, 320, xi: 316, xii: 285;
poisonous properties of, viii: 166, 168;
use in chemical warfare, viii: 168-170;
manufacture of, at U. S. Edgewood Arsenal, viii: 183.

Chlorpicrin, description of, v: 321;
use in chemical warfare, viii: 171;
manufacture of, at U. S. Edgewood Arsenal, viii: 185.

_Choising, S. S._,
_Emdens's_ survivors transfer from _Ayesha_ to, iv: 192.

Cholm, claimed by Poland and Ukraine, vi: 248.

Chronoscope, for measuring reaction times, viii: 352.

Chunuk Bair, Turk stronghold at Gallipoli, iii: 172;
Anzac attack on, iii: 173, 356-358;
_see also_ Gallipoli Campaign.

Churchill, Winston Spencer,
advocates Dardanelles attack, ii: _Intro. x, xiv._, 29, 200;
responsibility for Gallipoli disaster, ii: 198, 200;
member of British Cabinet War Council, ii: 198;
defends Dardanelles campaign, ii: 205, iv: 56;
biography, ix: 44-47.

Cierges, attacked by 37th Div., Sept. 28, '18, v: 229.

Ciezkowice, captured by Germans, May 2, '15, i: 380.

Cimone, Mt., taken by Italians, July 25, '16, i: 386.

Citizenship, Bureau of, educational work among A. E. F., vii: 282.

Cividale, taken by Germans, Oct. 28, '17, iii: 247.

Civil War, Gen. Maurice on strategy of,
compared with World War, ii: _Intro. xiii._

Civilian deaths, due to War, iii: 405;
money value of, xii: 25.

Clam-Martinitz, Premier of Austria-Hungary, appointment as, vi: 313.

Clarkson, Grosvenor B.,
Director of U. S. Council of National Defense, xii: 115;
on causes of high cost of living, xii: 142-148.

Clausewitz, Gen. Karl von,
influence on development of German militarism, i: 166.

Clay, Capt. W. L., inventor of armor-piercing bullet, viii: 60.

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty,
between U. S. and Great Britain on Panama Canal, i: 86.

Clemenceau, Georges, makes _Bonnet Rouge_ disclosures, vi: 105;
forms new War Cabinet, Nov., '17, vi: 106;
disagrees with Pres. Wilson's peace aims, vi: 108;
publishes letter of Emperor Charles to Prince Sixtus
offering to make peace, vi: 315;
biography, ix: 1-13, xi: 125;
record as Premier, ix: 12;
view of "Fourteen Points," ix: 13;
bibliography, ix: 13;
faith in Foch, ix: 151;
at the Peace Conference, xii: 149-163;
excludes Germans from, xii: 162.

Clermont-Ferrand, U. S. Air-Service Training School at, v: 313.

Cléry-le-Grand, taken by 60th Inf., Nov. 1, '18, v: 262.

Cléry-le-Petit, captured by 5th Div., Nov. 2, '18. v: 264.

Clifford, Rev. J. H.,
"Doc of the Fifth," chaplain of U. S. Marines, x: 32-35.

Clocks, for airplanes, viii: 220.

Cloth, anti-gas, amount issued by U. S. Army, v: 324.

Coal, abundance secret of German power, i: 267;
German production, 1880--1913, i: 267;
seizure of French mines by Germany, ii: 20;
consumption of, by A. E. F., v: 331;
Dutch supply from Germany, vi: 377;
U. S. production, '18--'19, xii: 46;
production by chief countries, '13--'17, xii: 47;
war-time price of, xii: 48;
Peace Treaty requirements for German deliveries
to France, Belgium, Italy, xii: 224.

Coast Guard, Boy Scouts in, xi: 104.

"Coastals," type of U. S. dirigibles, viii: 245, 256.

Coblenz, bombed by Allied airmen, Oct. 1, '17, i: 392;
bridgehead at, occupied by A. E. F., Dec. 8, '18, i: 400, v: 394;
conditions for Allied withdrawal from, xii: 261.

Cochin, Lieut.,
French submarine commander, feat in clearing minefield, iv: 375.

Codes, detection of, v: 319.

Coetquidan, artillery training camp in Brittany, v: 6.

Coffin, H. E.,
Chairman of Committee on Industrial Preparedness, xii: 69;
views on industrial preparedness, xii: 69;
member of Advisory Commission, U. S. Council of National Defense,
xii: 116.

Cohalan, Justice,
leads Irish-American movement for Irish Republic, vi: 65.

Cold storage plants, use by A. E. F., v: 331.

Colmar, French advance toward, Aug., '14, iii: 16.

Cologne, bridgehead at, occupied by British, Dec. 6, '18, i: 400;
conditions for Allied withdrawal from, xii: 261.

Colombia, pro-German attitude of, vi: 392.

Colonies, important share of British, in winning War, i: 13;
loss of German, i: 13;
German miscalculation of loyalty of British, i: 14;
share of French, in final victory, i: 14;
European rivalries for, a chief cause of war, i: 14;
era of colonization by European nations, i: 26;
influence on development of naval power, i: 28;
colonization during 19th century, i: 37;
in Far East, i: 38;
expansion important motive in German war policy, ii: 13.

_Columbia, S. S._,
American steamer sunk by U-boat, Nov. 7, '16, i: 388.

Colyer, Sgt. Wilbur E.,
gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 388.

Combles, captured by Allies,
Sept. 26, '16, i: 388, iii: 58, 59;
recaptured by Allies, Aug. 30, '18, ii: 158.

_Comité Nationale Belge de Secours et d'Alimentation_,
organization, vii: 120.

Commerce, national rivalries, i: 262;
English blockade threatens ruin of German, vi: 253;
_see also_ Trade, under name of country.

Commerce raiders, German, exploits of _Emden_, iv: 166-194;
_Königsberg_, career in Indian Ocean, iv: 195;
_Karlsruhe_, activities in Atlantic, iv: 196;
_Königin Luise_, operations in English Channel, iv: 197;
_Meteor_, activities in Baltic, iv: 197;
_Moewe_, converted merchantman, iv: 197;
_Seeadler_, iv: 198;
_Wolf_, seaplane carrier, iv: 198.

Commissaries, political, in Russia, demoralize army, iii: 268;
Council of People's, dictatorship of, vi: 181;
_see also_ Russia.

Commission for Relief in Belgium, vii: 116-144.

Committee, of Mercy, vii: 87;
for Fatherless Children of France, vii: 105.

Communication, lines of,
French railways available for A. E. F. use, '18, v: 110;
between France and Germany, v: 214.

Compass, for airplanes, viii: 220;
Sperry gyro-compass, viii: 348.

Comrades in Service, vii: 284.

_Conduct of War, The_, by Marshal Foch, ix: 152.

_Confédération Générale du Travail_,
French labor union, political activities, vi: 110.

Congo, Belgian exploitation of, i: 50;
creation of Congo Free State, i: 50.

Congo Conference, '84--'85, i: 16.

Congress of Berlin, 1878, i: 16.

Congressional Medal of Honor,
list and deeds of recipients during War, x: 388-402.

Conner, Brig.-Gen. Fox,
Chief of Operations, A. E. F. General Staff, v: 102.

Connolly, James, Sinn Fein leader,
wounded during Dublin rioting, Apr., '16, vi: 60;
Commandant-General of "Irish Republic," ix: 53.

Conscientious objectors, treatment of, in Great Britain, vi: 8.

Conscription, _see under_ name of country.

Consevoie, U. S. engineers bridge Meuse at, Oct. 8, '18, v: 245.

Constantine, King of Greece, abdicates throne, June 12, '17, i: 390;
opposed to Allied cause, iii: 202;
biography, ix: 380-382.

Constantinesco, M.,
inventor of "C. C. Gear" for regulating airplane fire, viii: 215.

Constantinople, Russian ambitions for, i: 63;
captured by Turks, 1453, i: 90;
Gallipoli base of defense of, ii: 27;
key to early ending of War, ii: 29;
early history, iv: 18;
_see also_
Gallipoli Campaign;
Turkey.

Constantinople Convention, 1888, Suez Canal neutralized, i: 15.

Constanza, captured by Teuton forces, Oct. 23, '16, i: 388, iii: 221;
bombarded by Russian fleet, Nov. 11, '16, i: 388.

Constituent Assembly, Russian,
dissolved by Bolsheviki, Jan., '18, vi: 185.

Contraband, _see_ Germany, Blockade.

Contracts, between German and Allied nationals,
Peace Treaty provisions on status and methods of discharge,
xii: 240-243.

Convoy service, difficulties of, iv: 317.

Cook, Lieut. S. W.,
co-inventor of depth-bomb launching device, iv: 331.

Co-operative Societies, Siberia,
organization of landowning peasants, vi: 191.

Cordite, composition and explosive properties, viii: 6.

Corfu, seat of Serbian government transferred to, iii: 160;
meeting of Jugoslav representatives at, Aug., '17, vi: 359.

_Cormoran, S. S._,
converted into auxiliary cruiser by _Emden's_ crew, vi: 169.

_Cornwall_, British cruiser at Falklands, iv: 70.

Cornwall, Jack, heroic British Boy Scout, xi: 98.

_Cornwallis_, British battleship sunk, Jan. 9, '17, i: 389;
at Gallipoli, iv: 33.

Coronel, battle of, Nov. 1, '14, iv: 64-68, ix: 308;
comparison of opposing fleets, iv: 64, 65;
Von Spee's account of, iv: 66;
British account of, iv: 67;
losses, iv: 68;
Sir Henry Newbolt on strategy of, iv: 68.

Corps, compared with Division, v: 109.

Cossacks, origin, vi: 146;
fight against Bolsheviki, vi: 192.

Cost of living, _see_ Prices;
_also_ under each country.

Cost of War, capitalized value of lives lost, iii: 406, xii: 25;
importance of money as war weapon, xii: 1;
compared with previous wars, xii: 24;
value of property destroyed, xii: 24, 25;
economic loss in man-power, xii: 25;
value of production loss, xii: 26;
value of tonnage sunk, xii: 26;
cost to Allies and Central Powers, xii: 27, 107;
meaning of "cost of war," xii: 105;
difficulties of computing money equivalent, xii: 105;
range of expenditures, xii: 105;
expenditures of different belligerents, xii: 106-107;
methods used to raise war funds, xii: 107-114;
taxation _vs._ borrowing, xii: 107;
rise in national debts of belligerents, xii: 114;
_see also_ under each belligerent.

Costin, Pvt. Henry G., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 394.

Côte de Châtillon, capture of,
by 42nd Div., Oct. 16, '18, v: 84, 250, 252.

Côtes-de-Meuse, taken in St. Mihiel drive, Sept. 12--13, '18, v: 69.

Cotton, not on British contraband list, ii: 21.

Coulommiers,
Germans beaten back at, in first battle of the Marne, iii: 32.

Council of National Defense, U. S.,
_see_ United States, Council of National Defense.

Courcelette, taken by Allies, Sept. 15, '16, i: 388.

Courland, early history, vi: 226;
Republic of, established Apr., '18, xii: 279;
area, xii: 279;
population, Apr., '18, xii: 279;
_see also_ Baltic Provinces.

Courtu, stormed by French in first battle of the Somme, '16, iii: 58.

_Covington_, U. S. transport sunk, July 1, '18, i: 397, iv: 337.

Cracow, Russian operations against, '14, iii: 127.

Cradock, Adm. Sir Christopher,
commander of defeated British fleet in battle of Coronel,
iv: 63, ix: 308.

Crandell, Miss Marion G.,
American "Y" worker with French, killed vii: 313.

_Cressy_, British cruiser, sunk by _U-9_,
Sept. 22, '14, iv: 205, x: 274-280, xi: 234.

Crile, Col. George W.,
first demonstrator of nitrous oxide as anæsthetic, vii: 68.

Croats, early history, vi: 354;
antagonism to Italy, vi: 362.

Croix de Guerre, awards to American "Y" workers, vii: 275, 313.

Cromarty, as British naval base, iv: 94.

Cromer, Lord,
chairman of commission to investigate Gallipoli disaster, ii: 197.

Cronkhite, Gen. Adelbert, commander 80th Div., v: 144;
in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, v: 219.

Crothers, Rachel, starts Stage Women's War Relief, vii: 343.

Crown Prince of Germany, _see_ Frederick William.

Crown Prince of Prussia, _see_ Frederick William.

Ctesiphon,
British defeated at, by Turks, Jan. 3, '16, i: 384, iii: 182;
description of Arch of, iii: 331;
collapse of British medical service at battle of, iii: 367.

Cuba, revolt against Spain, i: 56;
declares war on Germany, Apr. 7, '17, i: 389;
debt to U. S., xii: 18;
Peace Conference delegate, xii: 180.

Cuisy Wood, captured by 79th Div., Sept. 26, '18, v: 224.

Cukela, 1st Lieut. Louis, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 388.

Cumières, captured and lost by Germans, May 23--27, '16, iii: 54, 312.

Cunel, captured by 5th Div., Oct. 14, '18, v: 250.

Curlu, captured by British, July 2, '16, i: 386.

_Cushing_,
American ship attacked by German airplane, Apr. 28, '15, iv: 218.

Custace, Capt. Frank M., war services, x: 322.

Custer (85th) Division, _see_ U. S. Army.

Customs duties, German, regulation of, by Peace Treaty, xii: 229.

Cuxhaven, bombarded by British airmen, Dec. 25, '14, i: 378.

_Cyclops_, U. S. collier, mysterious disappearance, iv: 356.

Cyprus, acquired by Great Britain, i: 93.

Cyrenaica, base of Turkish forces invading western Egypt, iii: 190.

Czar of Russia, _see_ Nicholas II.

Czechoslovakia, anti-Bolshevist forces in Russia, vi: 187, 192;
capture of Vladivostok, June, '18, vi: 192;
attack on Hungary, April--May, '19, vi: 326;
antagonism to Italy, vi: 362;
independence recognized, vi: 399;
German elements rebel against new government, vi: 399;
Socialist movement in, '19, vi: 400;
against Bolshevism, vi: 400;
claims Teschen at Peace Conference, vi: 400;
debt to U. S., xii: 18;
Peace Conference delegates, xii: 180;
Peace Treaty provisions for independence of, xii: 197;
use of German ports, Peace Treaty provisions for, xii: 253;
Republic established, Oct., '18, xii: 279;
area, xii: 279;
population, Oct., '18, xii: 279;
_see also_ Bohemia.

Czernin, Count, Austro-Hungarian Minister of Foreign Affairs,
appointment as, vi: 313;
peace statement, July, '17, vi: 314;
resigns as Foreign Minister, vi: 315.

Czernowitz, taken by Russians, Nov. 29, '14, i: 376, iii: 122;
abandoned by Russians, Jan. 5, '16, i: 384;
recaptured by Russians, June 17--18, '16, i: 385, iii: 144;
occupied by Teutons, Aug. 3, '17, i: 390.

D

_Daffodil_, British ferryboat in Zeebrugge raid, iv: 262.

Daghestan, Republic of, formed by Caucasian mountaineers, vi: 234.

Dalmatia, Italian claims for, vi: 361;
conflict between Italians and Jugoslavs for possession of, vi: 365.

D'Amade, Gen., commander of French forces at Gallipoli, iii: 167.

Damascus,
captured by British and Arabs, Oct. 1, '18, i: 399, iii: 199.

Damloup, scene of fighting at Verdun, iii: 55.

Dammartin, 1st Div. headquarters, June, '18, v: 143.

"Danger Zone," in rifle fire, viii: 93.

Daniels, Josephus, biography, ix: 326-329.

Dankl, Gen.,
commands Austrian army invading Russian Poland, '14, iii: 118.

Dannevoux,
scene of fighting in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Sept. 26, '18, v: 224.

D'Annunzio, Gabriele,
pro-Ally propaganda during Italian neutrality,
ii: 239, vi: 119, 124, ix: 343;
manifesto on Italian claims for eastern Adriatic coast, vi: 368;
claims Fiume, vi: 369;
seizes Fiume, vi: 370;
biography, ix: 343-345;
author of _Song of the Dardanelles_, ix: 343;
message to America, ix: 344.

_Danton_, French battleship torpedoed, Mar. 19, '17, iv: 376.

Danube River, as barrier against invasion, iii: 151, 214;
bridge across, blown up by Rumanians, iii: 221;
internationalized by Peace Treaty, xii: 248.

Danzig, demanded by Poland, vi: 225;
made free city under Peace Treaty, vi: 226, xii: 203.

Dardanelles, Russian gateway to the sea, ii: 28, iii: 161;
closed by Turkey, Sept., '14, ii: 28;
strategic importance, ii: 29;
Narrows, critical point, ii: 29;
topography of shores, iii: 165, iv: 21, 23;
modern defenses, iii: 165, iv: 23, 27, 45;
early history, iv: 18-22;
early fortifications, iv: 19;
closed by Turkey to warships of other nations, iv: 20;
forced in 1807 by Adm. Duckworth, iv: 20;
fortified by Allies in Crimean War, iv: 20;
forced in 1878, by Adm. Hornby, iv: 21;
importance to Turkey, iv: 23;
importance of combining land and naval attacks in forcing, iv: 26;
description, xi: 14;
_see also_ Gallipoli Campaign.

Dardanelles Expedition, _see_ Gallipoli Campaign.

Dardanos Fort, bombarded by British, Feb. 19, '15, iv: 43.

Dar-es-Salam, captured by British, iii: 255.

Davis, Richard Harding,
description of German entry into Brussels, iii: 271-273;
description of burning of Louvain, iii: 273-277.

Davison, Henry P., Chairman, War Council American Red Cross, vii: i;
biography, ix: 339.

De Ram automatic camera for aerial photography, viii: 228, 333.

De Valera, Prof. Eamonn, elected to Parliament, vi: 62;
arrest and escape from jail, vi: 65;
elected President of Irish Republic, ix: 55;
address to America, ix: 55.

Dead Man's Hill, at Verdun,
battle of, May, '16, iii: 51, 53, 306, 308, 310, xi: 22.

Debeney, Gen., commander of French First Army, ii: 212.

Debts, national, of belligerents, xii: 111-114;
between German and Allied nationals,
Peace Treaty provisions for settlement of, xii: 232-236.

Decorations, Congressional Medal of Honor,
list and deeds of recipients during War, x: 388-402.

_Deductions from the World War_,
by Gen. Baron von Freytag-Loringhoven, summary of, ii: 254.

_Defender_,
British destroyer in battle of Heligoland Bight, iv: 240.

_Defense_, British ship sunk at Jutland, iv: 121.

Defense, elements in, iv: 4;
French trench system of, v: 12;
Gouraud's method of, against infiltration,
v: 46, 155, viii: 146-148;
_see also_ Tactics.

Defense of the Realm Act, British,
as weapon against war-time labor strikes, vi: 14;
used to prevent electricians' strike, Feb., '19, vi: 20.

Definitions, of popular war terms, xi: 359-362.

Delcassé, Théophile,
dismissed as French Minister through German pressure, i: 99;
resignation from Viviani government, Oct., '15, vi: 100.

Delousing, by Salvage Service of A. E. F., v: 331.

Demir-hissar, occupied by Bulgars, iii: 207.

Demir-Kapu, taken by French, Oct. 20, '15, iii: 204.

Democracy, in Europe, as result of the War, i: _Intro. x_;
rise of, during 19th century, i: 29;
among American colonists, i: 29;
development in France, i: 30;
European reaction, 1814--40, i: 32;
failure of movement of 1848 in Germany, i: 32;
growth of national sentiment for, in U. S., '04--'14, i: 293.

Demotika, ceded to Bulgaria by Turkey, vi: 344;
Turkey demands return of, vi: 345.

Denikin, Gen., report on collapse of Russian armies, iii: 267-270;
leads fight on Bolsheviki, vi: 192, 248.

Denmark, war with Prussia, 1864, i: _Intro. vii_;
neutral during War, vi: 393;
popular sentiment pro-Ally, vi: 393;
war-time increase in shipping, xii: 101.

Depth bomb, evolution of, iv: 307;
use in fighting submarines, iv: 317;
development by U. S. Navy, iv: 330;
launching mechanism, iv: 331;
invention of "Y" gun, iv: 332;
for discharge from airplanes, iv: 332;
description, viii: 281, xi: 239.

_Der Kampf_, Maximalist publication, vi: 314.

_Der Tag_, the German "millennium," xi: 195.

_Derflinger_, German cruiser in battle of Dogger Bank, iv: 246.

Dernburg, Dr. Bernhard, justifies German war policy, i: 120;
heads German propaganda in U. S., i: 274, 316;
character sketch of, ix: 353.

_Derrière Chez Mon Père_, French soldiers' song, xi: 339.

D'Esperey, Gen. Franchet,
commands French troops at first Marne battle, ii: 184, iii: 31;
commands Allied troops on Balkan front, ii: 218, iii: 212, vi: 347;
signs armistice with Hungary, vi: 323.

Destroyers,
effectiveness against submarines, viii: _Intro. viii._

Detonation, of explosives compared with explosion, viii: 1.

_Deutschland_, German merchant submarine,
arrives at Baltimore, July 9, '16, i: 334, iv: 214;
Capt. Koenig's account of trip, iv: 215;
feat in crossing Atlantic, x: 271-274.

Devastation of France,
by Germans in retreat to Hindenburg Line, iii: 67;
French protest to neutrals, iii: 68;
German excuses for, iii: 68.

_Devoir, Le_, Canadian Nationalist newspaper, vi: 30.

D'Eyncourt, Sir E., share in development of tank, viii: 155.

D. H. 10, British bombing planes, viii: 204.

_Dhair Hissar_, Turkish torpedo-boat in Ægean, iv: 49.

Diaz, Gen., succeeds Cadorna as Italian Commander-in-Chief, iii: 248.

Dickebusch sector, A. E. F. in, v: 286, 289.

Dickinson, Prof. G. Lowes,
defense of British conscientious objectors, vi: 8.

Dickman, Maj.-Gen. Joseph T.,
commands 3rd Div. at Mezy-Moulins, v: 51;
commands Fourth Corps at St. Mihiel, v: 65, 202, 386;
commands First Corps in Meuse-Argonne, v: 83, 132;
commands 3rd Div. at Château-Thierry, v: 132;
commands Army of Occupation, v: 395.

Dilboy, Pvt. George, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 391.

Dimethyl-trithiocarbonate (skunk gas),
use in chemical warfare, v: 322.

Dinant,
Germans checked at, in march through Belgium, Aug., '14, iii: 12.

Diphenylchlorarsine, use in chemical warfare, v: 322.

Diphosgene, use in chemical warfare, viii: 170.

Dirigibles, _see_ Aeronautics.

Disarmament, Anglo-German negotiations, '12, i: 106, 194;
German answer to British proposals, i: 195.

Disease,
statistics for U. S. Army, v: 402, vii: 179, 193-196, 208-209;
early handicaps in prevention, vii: 177;
preventive methods in U. S. Army, vii: 193, 245-248;
results of preventive methods, statistics for U. S. Army, vii: 195;
sanitation, vii: 253;
inoculation against, vii: 253;
prevention of infections among troops, viii: 392-397;
anti-typhoid immunization, viii: 393;
_see also_
Infection;
Medical Science;
Sanitation.

Distinguished Service Cross, awards of, to "Y" workers, vii: 272.

"Divine right of kings," Kaiser's conception of, i: 68.

Dixmude, occupied by Germans, Nov. 10, '14, i: 376;
evacuated by Germans, Dec. 20, '14, i: 376;
occupied by Belgians, Sept. 29--30, '18, i: 397;
German repulse at, in march through Belgium, '14, iii: 40.

Dixmude-Ypres sector,
Allied offensive, Sept. 28--Oct. 3, '18, iii: 100.

Djemal Pasha,
commander of Turkish forces operating against Suez, iii: 190.

Dmitrieff, Gen., biography, iii: 119.

Dmowski, Roman, leader of Polish reactionary parties, vi: 220.

Dniester River,
Germans defeated at, in Galician campaign, '15, iii: 136.

Dobrudja, German conquest of, Sept.--Oct., '16, ii: 60, iii: 218-221;
description of, iii: 215;
disastrous Rumanian counter-offensive, Oct., '16, iii: 220;
dispute between Germany and Bulgaria over, vi: 344;
overrun by Bulgarians, vi: 344.

Docks, constructed by A. E. F. in France, v: 332, 400.

Dogger Bank, battle of,
British defeat fleet of German raiders, Jan. 24, '15, iv: 246-253;
eye-witness accounts, iv: 247-250;
Adm. Beatty's official report, iv: 250.

Dogs in War, as ambulance drawers, viii: 379;
varied activities, xi: 340-347;
story of "Cap," the Red Cross dog, xi: 362-367;
story of "Pat," Liberty Bonds salesman, xi: 396-402;
effect of food shortage on, xii: 40.

Dommartin-la-Montagne,
captured by 26th Div., Sept. 12--13, '18, v: 69, 212.

Don Republic, established Jan., '18, xii: 279;
area, xii: 279;
population, xii: 279.

Dormans, 28th Div. holds German line at, July 15, '18, v: 53;
location, v: 133.

Douai, German base in France, ii: 86.

Douaumont Fort, at Verdun,
captured by Germans, Feb. 25--26, '16,
i: 384, ii: 189, iii: 48, 305;
French recapture and lose, May 22--25, '16, i: 385, iii: 310;
retaken by French, Oct. 24, '16, i: 388, iii: 61.

Doughboys, spirit of self-assurance of, i: 370;
_see also_ U. S., Army.

Doughnuts, Salvation Army specialty, vii: 399.

Doulcon, captured by 5th Div., Nov. 2, '18, v: 92, 264.

Dozier, 1st Lieut. James C.,
gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 395.

Draft, _see_ Conscription under name of country.

_Drake_, British cruiser torpedoed, Oct. 1, '17, i: 392.

_Dresden_, German cruiser
in battle off Coronel, armament, iv: 65;
in battle of Falkland Islands, iv: 70;
sunk by British near Juan Fernandez, Mar. 14, '15, iv: 70.

Drina River, crossed by Austrians invading Serbia, iii: 151.

Drop bombs, viii: 76.

Drummond, Sir James Eric,
first Secretary-General of League of Nations, xii: 186.

Dubilier, Wm., inventor of anti-submarine listening device, iv: 308.

Dublin, bloody fighting at, during Irish Rebellion, vi: 60.

Dubno, captured by Russians, June 11, '16, i: 385, iii: 144.

Duck-boards, use in mud fields of Flanders, viii: 300.

Duds, deloading of, v: 326.

Dueidar, Turks defeated at, Apr., '16, iii: 191.

Duff, Sir Beauchamp,
responsibility for Mesopotamian failure, iii: 364, 370.

Dugouts, subterranean system of, in Hindenburg Line, v: 301.

Dukla Pass, occupied by Russians, Dec., '14, iii: 127.

Duma, Russian, reconvened, Feb. 22, '16, vi: 140;
struggle against reactionary government, vi: 140, 142, 144;
forces dismissal of Stürmer as Premier, vi: 142;
Czar issues undated decree ordering dismissal, vi: 144;
refuses to be dismissed, Mar. 10, '17, vi: 146;
activities during Revolution, Mar., '17, vi: 150-155;
establishes Provisional Government under Prince Lvov, vi: 155;
_see also_ Russia.

Dumba, Dr. Constantin,
Austro-Hungarian Ambassador at Washington, i: 275;
dismissed from U. S. for instigating labor strikes, i: 275.

Dun-sur-Meuse, captured by 61st Inf., Nov. 5, '18, v: 94, 271, 391;
bombed by U. S. airmen, v: 311.

Dunant, Henri,
influence in organization of International Red Cross, vii: 12.

Duncan, Maj.-Gen. George B.,
brigade commander in Toul sector, Jan., '18, v: 115;
commands 77th Div., May, '18, v: 141.

Dunkirk, bombarded by Germans, Apr. 30,'15, i: 380;
bombarded by Germans, June, 22, '15, i: 380;
German drive for, '14, iii: 40.

Dunn, Rear-Adm. Herbert O., biography, ix: 295.

Dunne, Edw. F.,
member of Irish-American delegation to Peace Conference, vi: 66.

Durazzo, occupied by Austrians, Feb. 26, '16, i: 384;
naval base at, destroyed by Allied warships, Oct. 1, '18, i: 399;
occupied by Italians, Oct. 13, '18, i: 399;
retreating Serbs embark for Corfu from, '16, iii: 286.

Dushkin, Alexander, visits Europe for Jewish relief, vii: 360.

Dutov, Gen., commands anti-Bolshevik troops in Siberia, vi: 192.

Duval, traitorous owner of _Bonnet Rouge_, vi: 105;
found guilty and shot, vi: 106.

Dwyer, Lance Corp. Edward, wins Victoria Cross, x: 128.

Dyestuffs,
German deliveries to Allies, Peace Treaty demands, xii: 224.

E

_E-7_, British submarine, exploit in Sea of Marmora, iv: 211.

_E-9_, British submarine, in German waters, iv: 207.

_E-11_, British submarine, daring in Sea of Marmora, iv: 210.

_E-14_, British submarine, activities in Dardanelles, iv: 209.

_E-50_, British submarine, rams U-boat, iv: 214.

_E-54_, British submarine, sinks U-boat, iv: 212.

Eagle Hut, American "Y" center in London, vii: 288, 300.

East, Maj.-Gen. Maurice
on strategic value of campaigns in, ii: _Intro. vii-xxiv._

East Africa, German, conquered by Allies, iii: 255;
acquired by Great Britain, '18, xii: 271;
area and population, xii: 271.

East Prussia,
Russian invasion of, Aug., '14, ii: 24, 227, iii: 110-116;
battle of Tannenberg, Aug., '14, ii: 24, iii: 112-116;
effect of Russian invasion on first battle of the Marne, ii: 227;
German campaigns against Russia, '14, Ludendorff's account,
ii: 353-357;
plan of Russian invasion, iii: 110;
importance, iii: 112;
Hindenburg's strategy, iii: 113;
strength of Hindenburg's forces, iii: 113;
decisive German victory at Mazurian Lakes, iii: 113;
Russian withdrawal, iii: 116;
plebiscite provisions of Peace Treaty, xii: 200.

Eastern Front, fortifications of, iii: 109;
strategic aspects, iii: 110;
Austrian strategic plans, iii: 118;
_see also_ East Prussia;
Galicia;
Mazurian Lakes;
Poland.

Eastern Karelia, military government established, May, '19, xii: 279;
area, xii: 279;
population, xii: 279.

Ebert, Friedrich,
elected President of Germany, Feb., '19,
vi: _Intro. xiii_, 292;
appointed Chancellor, Nov., '18, vi: 273;
establishes new democratic government, Nov., '18, vi: 277;
states government's determination to put down Spartacides,
Jan. 8, '19, vi: 287;
outlines policies of Provisional Government, Feb., '19, vi: 292;
German press comment on personality, vi: 293;
biography, ix: 135-138.

Economic strategy, in war, theory and example of, ii: 16;
Allied proposals for anti-German boycott, xii: 102.

Ecuador, proletarian unrest, vi: 392;
delegates to Peace Conference, xii: 180.

Ecurey, captured by 5th Div., Nov. 8, '18, v: 272.

Edgewood Arsenal, great U. S. poison-gas plant, viii: 179-187.

Education, bilingual schools discontinued in Canada, vi: 29;
A. E. F. becomes "College in Khaki," vii: 280;
A. P. Stokes makes survey for A. E. F., vii: 281;
Y. M. C. A. hut classes, vii: 281;
demand for text-books in A. E. F. schools, vii: 282;
A. E. F. post schools, vii: 282;
work of Bureau of Citizenship among A. E. F., vii: 282;
U. S. soldier students at French and British universities,
vii: 282, 290;
Army Educational Committee, vii: 282;
A. E. F. university at Beaune, vii: 282;
Y. M. C. A. work for prisoners of war, vii: 306.

Edward VII promotes Anglo-French good will, i: 98.

Edwards, Maj.-Gen.,
commands 26th Div. at St. Mihiel, Sept., '18, v: 202;
relieved of command, Oct. 24, '18, v: 252.

Effects Depot, S. O. S., for care of effects of deceased men, v: 331.

Eggers, Sgt. Alan Louis, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 392.

Eggs, imports of, by Germany, ii: 18.

Egli, Col., head of Swiss Intelligence Service,
tried for unneutral communication with Germans, vi: 380.

Egypt, British establish themselves in, 1882, i: 48;
British control recognized by France, '04, i: 99;
anti-British German propaganda, iii: 188;
political unrest, iii: 188;
operations against Suez Canal, iii: 189;
Turks start offensive in western Egypt, iii: 190;
Turks driven out, '16, iii: 191;
tribesmen suppressed, '16--'17, iii: 191;
resentment against British domination, vi: 67;
popular pro-Turkish sympathy, vi: 68, 330;
Nationalist cry against "British oppression," vi: 69;
Great Britain declares protectorate over,
Dec. 19, '14, vi: 69, xii: 279;
Nationalist movement for independence, '18, vi: 70;
insurrection, '19, vi: 71;
German rights in, surrendered under Peace Treaty, xii: 208;
area, xii: 279;
population, '14, xii: 279.

Eichhorn, chief of Berlin police, deposed, Jan. 5, '19, vi: 287.

Eichorn, Marshal von, assassinated by Ukrainian, vi: 187, 248.

Eisner, Kurt,
becomes head of Bavarian Socialist Republic, Nov., '18,
vi: 273, 280;
appeals to German national government on behalf of
Berlin Spartacides, vi: 288;
assassinated, Feb. 21, '19, vi: 298.

El Arish, occupied by Turks, Jan., '15, iii: 189;
taken by British, Dec. 22, '16, iii: 192.

El Kubri, Turks engage British in vicinity of, iii: 190.

El Tasher, British defeat Sudanese at, May, '16, iii: 191.

Elbe,
internationalized by Peace Treaty, rules of navigation, xii: 248.

Electric drive, description and advantages of, iv: 322;
successfully applied in _U. S. S. New Mexico_, iv: 322.

Electric welding, use in repairing interned German liners, iv: 319;
use in U. S. in construction of ships, iv: 322.

Elles, Gen., commander of British Tank Corps, iii: 377.

Elliott, Col.,
leader of British Marines, killed in Zeebrugge Raid, iv: 264.

Ellis, Sgt. Michael B., wins Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 388.

Ely, Maj.-Gen., Hanson E.,
as colonel, commands 28th Inf. at Cantigny, May 28, '18, v: 124;
assigned to command of 5th Div., Oct. 21, '18, v: 252.

_Emden_, German commerce raider, exploits of, iv: 166-194;
method of sinking captured ships, iv: 173;
bombards Madras, Sept. 18, '14, iv: 174;
attacks Penang Harbor, Oct. 28, '14, iv: 178;
lands force on Keeling Island, Nov. 9, '14, iv: 184;
attacked by _Sydney_ off Keeling Island, Nov. 9, '14, iv: 185;
destruction of, report of captain of _Sydney_, iv: 187;
summary of raiding activities, iv: 189;
landing force at Keeling escapes on _Ayesha_, iv: 190-194.

Emmich, Gen. von, commands German attack on Liége, iii: 10.

Emont Wood, cleared by 37th Div., Sept. 28, '18, v: 229;
37th Div. retreats from, Sept. 29, '18, v: 230.

Emplacements,
duplicate, permitting rotation of artillery in trenches, v: 14.

_Empress Maria_, Russian dreadnought,
blown up in Black Sea, iv: 366.

Enfield rifle, facilities for manufacture in U. S., v: 347;
standard British service rifle, viii: 95;
U. S. production figures, xii: 284.

Engineering, development in U. S. Navy, iv: 319;
relation of, to war, viii: 298-302.

Engines, shipment of American locomotives to France, xii: 286.

England, _see_ Great Britain.

Entente Cordiale, established between France and Russia, 1891, i: 98.

Entertainment,
27th Div. theatrical troupe, v: 299;
Over-There Theater League, activities, vii: 277, 339-343;
for A. E. F., by Y. M. C. A., vii: 277;
at Winchester camp, vii: 287;
for Army of Occupation, vii: 292;
for A. E. F. in Siberia, vii: 295;
"Y" program for Navy, vii: 299;
by Stage Women's War Relief, vii: 346, 348.

Enver Pasha, leader of Young Turks, i: 109, ix: 270;
commander of Turkish army, iii: 164;
in Caucasus campaign, iii: 260;
biography, ix: 270-274.

Eperlecques, training area for 30th Div., v: 300.

Epieds, German stand at, in retreat from Marne, July 21, '18, v: 184;
General Degouette commends Americans for service at, v: 192.

Epionville, taken by 91st Div., Sept. 26, '18, v: 225.

Ersatz, German, i: 72.

Erskine, Prof. John, member of Army Educational Commission, vii: 282;
educational director of A. E. F. university at Beaune, vii: 283.

Erwin, Brig.-Gen. James B., commands 6th Div., Aug., '18, v: 197.

Erzberger, leader of German Center Party, vi: _Intro. xiii_;
becomes Minister of Finance, July, '19, vi: _Intro. xiii._

Erzerum,
captured by Russians, Feb. 15, '16, i: 384, ii: 91, iii: 262.

Erzingan, captured by Russians, July 25, '16, i: 386, iii: 263.

Eseka, captured by French, Oct. 30, '15, i: 382.

Esnes, location of, v: 217;
4th Engineers build road from, to Malancourt, Sept., '18, v: 226.