Chapter CIV: Section 4: That the joint resolution of Congress, approved (5)

Great Britain:
Air Service, formation of Royal Air Force, viii: 202;
strength at end of War, viii: 202;
types of airplanes, viii: 203-206;
Bristol planes, viii: 203;
Handley-Page bombers, viii: 204, 223;
D. H.-10 bombers, viii: 204;
types of dirigibles, viii: 245;
dirigible _R-34_ crosses Atlantic, viii: 245;
dirigibles _R-33_ and _R-34_, description, viii: 254.
Army, German contempt for, i: 191;
lands in France, Aug. 6, '14, i: 375;
ammunition shortage, '14,
ii: _Intro. xiii_, 173 (Viscount French's exposé);
deficiency in trained men, ii: 113;
deficiency in material, ii: 114;
Field-Marshal Haig on value of cavalry, ii: 120;
machine-gun equipment, ii: 125, 275;
artillery equipment, ii: 125;
Haig on effects of growth in artillery service, ii: 125;
artillery at Somme battle, '16, ii: 126;
ammunition used on Western Front, Aug.--Nov., '18, ii: 130;
military hospitals in France, ii: 131;
total strength in France, ii: 131;
service of supply behind the lines, ii: 131-132;
Haig's opinion of British officer, ii: 133;
Haig's opinion on present organization, ii: 134;
changing civilians into soldiers described by Haig, ii: 135;
Haig's tribute to Regular Army, ii: 136;
opinion of a German military critic, ii: 256;
pre-War organization, iii: 3;
Intelligence service, iii: 383;
strength, '14--'18, iii: 404, 405;
strength in Italy, iii: 405;
strength in Mesopotamia, iii: 405;
"Pal" regiments, vi: 6;
slackers driven into service, vi: 6;
origin of nickname "Tommy," vi: 230;
types of rifles used, viii: 95;
Indian winners of Victoria Cross, x: 85;
Senegalese troops, x: 116;
British soldier as fighter, xi: 181-189;
for military operations, _see_ campaign or engagement.
Blockade by Germany, _see_ Submarine warfare.
Blockade of Germany, _see_ Germany, Blockade of.
Casualties, total in War, ii: 116, iii: 404, 405;
causes for extent of, analyzed by Field-Marshal Haig, ii: 118;
at Gallipoli, iii: 177;
in attempts to relieve Kut-el-Amara, iii: 364;
in '17, iii: 382;
in German spring offensive, '18, iii: 390;
money equivalent of man-power lost, xii: 25;
total battle deaths, xii: 288;
_see also_ campaign or engagement.
Coal, production, '13--'17, xii: 47;
war-time fuel control, xii: 51.
Cost of living,
increase in, by reduction of imports, ii: _Intro. xxii_;
price movements in England and U. S. since 1780,
xii: _Intro. viii-x_;
criticism of government policy, xii: 28.
Declarations of war,
on Germany, Aug. 4, '14, circumstances of,
i: 145, 218-227 (Sir Edward Grey's statement), 375;
on Austria-Hungary, Aug. 12, '14, i: 375;
on Turkey, Nov. 5, '14, i: 376;
on Bulgaria, Oct. 15, '15, i: 382.
Food, effect of submarine warfare, vi: 10;
police prevent hoarding, vi: 11;
government control of, xii: 34, 59;
Food Control Committee established, xii: 34;
sugar shortage, xii: 34, 138;
meat control, xii: 34;
war-time fish supply, xii: 34;
wheat control, xii: 35;
increase in crop production, '16--'18, xii: 40;
work of women in production of, xii: 40;
effect of food shortage on dogs, xii: 40;
potato crop, xii: 47;
war-time problems, xii: 138.
Foreign policy, value of U. S. good-will, i: 35;
world position, 1871, i: 44;
Turkish policy at Congress of Berlin, i: 48;
acquires control of Egypt, i: 48;
extent of colonial empire, i: 59;
international position, '14, i: 59;
policy of conciliation, i: 59, 107, 218;
Anglo-French good-will, i: 98;
treaty with France, '04, i: 99;
agreement with Russia for control of Persia, '07, i: 104;
Anglo-Japanese Alliance, i: 104;
negotiations with Germany for curbing naval program,
'12, i: 106, 194-197;
statement of policy by Asquith, Nov., '11, i: 106;
agreement with France for united action against "third Power,"
'12, i: 107, 220;
negotiations to prevent World War, July--Aug., '14,
i: 115, 124, 218-227 (Sir Edward Grey's account),
247-249 (Prince Lichnowsky's account);
policy on Belgian neutrality, i: 141, 222, 224;
arrangement with Belgium for defense of neutrality, '06,
i: 143, 231;
promise to defend French coast, Aug. 2, '14, i: 146, 220;
statement of war aims by Lloyd George, i: 189;
negotiations with Germany for mutual neutrality, '12, i: 194-197;
Sir Edward Grey's efforts to establish Anglo-German good-will,
i: 198;
agreement with Germany on African expansion, i: 200;
agreement for settling rivalries in Turkey, '14, i: 200;
question of armed intervention in Moroccan crisis, i: 218;
freedom from secret obligations in event of war, i: 218;
Sir Edward Grey urges intervention in defense of
Belgian neutrality, i: 224;
offer of help to Belgium, Aug. 4, '14, i: 232;
influence in the East, ii: 27;
claims to Turkey under secret treaties, '16--'17, vi: 334;
Turkish policy, announced Nov. 7, '18, vi: 334;
_see also_ Triple Entente.
Industries during War, peace and war productivity compared,
xii: 19, 77-79;
women in, xiii: 25;
bonuses to labor, xii: 28;
provisions for settlement of labor disputes, xii: 79.
Internal politics, Imperial unity through war,
i: _Intro. xiv_;
political philosophy compared with German, i: 165;
members of War Council, Nov., '14, ii: 198;
political conditions, Aug., '14, vi: 1;
industrial and social unrest, '15, vi: 2;
labor opposition to conscription, vi: 6;
Conscription Bill passed, Apr., '16, vi: 6;
treatment of conscientious objectors, vi: 8;
pacifists indorse Soviet peace aims, '17, vi: 12;
Lord Lansdowne's peace letter, vi: 13;
Defense of the Realm Act inadequate to prevent strikes, vi: 14;
Labor Party platform, '17, vi: 14;
conditions at close of War, vi: 15;
general elections, '18, vi: 16-17;
industrial strikes spread, Jan., '19, vi: 17;
ship-builders' strike, vi: 19;
Glasgow riots, vi: 19;
strike in electrical trades prevented
by Defense of the Realm Act, Feb., '19, vi: 20;
Lloyd George calls Labor Peace Conference, Feb., '19, vi: 20;
commission of inquiry into mining conditions appointed,
Feb., '19, vi: 20;
truce in labor war till completion of Peace Treaty, vi: 22;
after-War problems, vi: 23.
Munitions, exposé of shell shortage by Viscount French, ii: 173;
production compared with that of Central Empires, xii: 78;
work of Ministry of Munitions, xii: 78.
Navy, protector of lines of supply, i: 15;
rise to world supremacy, i: 28;
strength in '06, i: 101;
negotiations with Germany for curbing naval program,
i: 106, 194-197;
general strategy during War, ii: _Intro. vii_, iv: 85-93;
ships in Mediterranean at outbreak of War, iv: 13;
squadrons in Eastern waters, iv: 58;
ships in West Atlantic, iv: 58;
problem of maintaining Allied supremacy, iv: 86;
Admiral Jellicoe appointed to command of Grand Fleet,
Aug. 4, '14, iv: 88;
minesweeping operations, iv: 91;
convoy of troopships, iv: 92;
bases, iv: 92;
extracts from Jellicoe's _The Grand Fleet, 1914--1916_,
iv: 93-97;
unpreparedness, '14, iv: 93;
lack of destroyers, iv: 94;
Grand Fleet compared with German High Sea Fleet, iv: 96;
Jellicoe's reasons for not attacking Germans, iv: 96;
make-up of Grand Fleet, Aug., '14, iv: 97;
make-up of Grand Fleet at battle of Jutland, iv: 119;
Lord Fisher's views on share in Allied victory, iv: 140;
statistics on transport of troops, '15--'18, iv: 239;
18-in. super naval guns, viii: 53;
_see also_
battle or engagement;
Gallipoli Campaign.
Peace Conference, delegates, xii: 179;
_see also_ Peace Conference.
Peace Treaty, press views, vi: 22;
ratified, July 25--31, '19, xii: 264;
_see also_ Peace Treaty with Germany.
Prisoners of war, iii: 404.
Railroads, system of war-time government control, xii: 89.
Royal family, xi: 150-152;
_see also_ George V.
Shipping, tonnage, 1880--1913, compared with German, i: 77;
government control of ship-building, xii: 95;
tonnage in '14, xii: 95;
yearly tonnage production, '14--'17, xii: 96;
war-time shortage of, xii: 96.
Strategy, analyzed by Maj.-Gen. Maurice,
ii: _Intro. vii-xxiv_;
naval, iv: 85-93.
Trade, 1880--1913, compared with German, i: 77;
pre-War position, xii: 18-19;
pre-War and war-time compared, xii: 78.
War cost, financial position at start of War, xii: 1, 18;
loans floated in U. S., Aug., '14--Jan., '17, xii: 2;
income tax rates, compared with U. S. and French rates, xii: 4;
debt to U. S., xii: 18;
exchange rates with U. S., xii: 19;
extravagance in expenditure of war funds, xii: 19-20;
taxes, xii: 20, 107, 108, 111;
money equivalent of manpower lost, xii: 25;
value of property loss, xii: 26;
currency inflation, xii: 27-28;
average daily war cost, xii: 105;
total war cost, Aug., '14--Mar., '19, xii: 107;
war loans, xii: 111;
rise in national debt, xii: 111, 114.

_Great Northern, S. S._, speed record as army transport, v: 358.

Greece, revolts against Turkey, 1825, i: 34;
breaks off diplomatic relations with Central Powers, June 29, '17,
i: 390, vi: 345;
anti-Allied attitude at Salonika, iii: 206;
Venizelos establishes revolutionary government, Sept., '16,
iii: 210;
Venizelos government recognized by Allies, Jan., '17, iii: 210;
King Constantine deposed by Allies, iii: 210, vi: 245;
war casualties, iii: 404, xii: 289;
prisoners of war, iii: 404;
debt to U. S., xii: 18;
money equivalent of man-power lost, xii: 25;
Peace Conference delegates, xii: 180;
_see also_ Salonika Campaign.

Greek fire, composition of, xi: 314.

Gregory, Sgt. Earl D., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 395.

_Greif_, German armed liner,
sunk in fight with British _Alcantara_, iv: 200.

Grenades, number of U. S., at front, Nov. 11, '18, v: 350;
ancient method of throwing weapons by hand revived, viii: 119;
Germans first to use, viii: 119;
Allied unpreparedness at start of War, viii: 119;
nature, viii: 119;
technique of throwing, viii: 120;
kinds, viii: 120, xi: 211.

Grenfell, Capt. Francis O.,
first winner of Victoria Cross in War, x: 10.

Gresham, Pvt.,
one of first of A. E. F. to be killed in France, xi: 173.

Grey, Edward, Viscount of Fallodon,
efforts to prevent the War, i: 124-126, 247;
mediation in Balkan Wars, i: 198;
efforts to establish Anglo-German good-will, i: 198;
negotiations to settle Anglo-German rivalry in Mesopotamia,
'12--'14, i: 200;
speech before Parliament summarizing events leading to World War,
Aug. 3, '14, i: 218-227;
biography, ix: 35-40;
bibliography, ix: 40;
advocate of League of Nations, xii: 155.

Grierson, Gen. Sir James,
commander of British Second Corps, death in France, ii: 176.

Grimancourt, taken by 322nd Inf., Nov. 10, '18, v: 277.

Grimm, Swiss Socialist,
expelled by Russian Provisional Government, vi: 380.

Grissinger, Col. J. W., Chief Surgeon, Third Army, A. E. F., v: 346.

Grodno, captured by Germans, Sept. 2, '15, i: 381, iii: 140.

_Groupes de Combat_, function in French defensive, v: 12.

Guatemala,
severs diplomatic relations with Germany, Apr. 28, '17, i: 390;
delegate to Peace Conference, xii: 180.

Guedecourt, taken by British, Sept. 26, '16, i: 388.

Guépratte, Rear-Adm., commands French fleet at Gallipoli, iv: 31.

Guillaumat, Gen., drives Germans from Vesles to Aisne, ii: 214.

_Guillaume, Empereur d'Allemagne_,
French soldiers' song, xi: 339.

Guillemont, taken by Allies, Sept. 3, '16, i: 386.

Guillemont Farm, strong point on Hindenburg Line, v: 290.

_Gulflight_, first American ship sunk by U-boat, May 1, '15,
i: 319, 380, iv: 218.

Gumbinnen, Russians defeat Germans at, Aug. 16--24, '14, iii: 111;
retaken by Germans, iii: 116.

Gumpertz, Sgt. Sydney G., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 396.

Guncotton, composition and detonating properties, viii: 2;
_see also_ Ammunition.

Gunpowder, black, composition and explosive properties, viii: 2;
smokeless, composition and action, viii: 4;
muzzle flash, viii: 7;
_see also_ Ammunition.

Gunpowder Neck, U. S. poison-gas plant at, viii: 179-187.

Guns, _see_ Artillery.

_Guns of Verdun_, poem by Patrick R. Chalmers, vi: 91.

Guthrie, Col. Percy, first Canadian to enlist, x: 44.

Guynemer, Capt. Georges, French "miracle ace," x: 202, xi: 231.

Gyles, Midshipman Donald,
heroic fight against German destroyers, x: 293-295.

Gyroscope, war uses, viii: 348.

H

Haase, Herr,
leader German Social-Democratic minority, vi: _Intro. xii_;
in Ebert ministry, Nov., '18, vi: 278;
advocates Bolshevik principles, vi: 299.

Habibullah Khan,
Emir of Afghanistan, assassinated, Feb., '19, vi: 80.

Hagen position, location in Argonne, v: 218.

Hague Conference, establishes Arbitration Tribunal, 1899, i: 94;
convened for second time at suggestion of Roosevelt, '07, i: 103;
accomplishments, i: 103.

Hahn, Maj.-Gen. W. G., commander 32nd Div., Feb., '18, v: 119.

Hai River, near Kut-el-Amara, iii: 186.

Haifa, captured by British, Sept. 23, '18, iii: 199.

Haig, Field-Marshal Sir Douglas,
analysis of Western Front campaigns, ii: 112-136;
theories on warfare, ii: 118;
on causes of German military collapse, ii: 120;
on functions of cavalry in the War, ii: 120;
on importance of infantry in the War, ii: 123;
on importance of artillery in the War, with statistics,
ii: 123, 126;
on efficiency of British army officers, ii: 133;
on British military organization, ii: 134;
appointed Commander-in-Chief of British Expeditionary Force,
Dec. 15, '15, iii: 46;
famous "Our backs to the wall" appeal, Mar., '18, iii: 359, v: 120;
personal traits, iii: 373;
biography, ix: 181-184.

Haiti, delegate to Peace Conference, xii: 180.

Halahan, Capt., killed at Zeebrugge Raid, iv: 264.

Haldane, Gen., commander of British Sixth Army, iii: 371;
personal traits, iii: 377.

Haldane, Lord, mission to Germany, '12, i: 106, 194.

Halicz, Russians retire from, June 27, '15, i: 380;
captured by Russians, '14, iii: 121;
recaptured by Russians, July, '17, iii: 146.

Hall, Richard Nelville, brave ambulance driver, story of, x: 95.

Hall, Sgt. Thomas Lee, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 395.

Haller, Gen.,
leads revolt of Polish "Iron Brigade" against Austria, vi: 216.

Hamburg-American Line, tonnage and earnings, i: 264.

Hamburg-Persian Gulf railway, _see_ Bagdad Railway.

Hamburg-South American Line, tonnage, i: 264.

Hamel, captured by Germans, Apr. 7, '18, i: 395;
work of tanks at Allied attack, July 4, '18, ii: 281;
share of 33rd Div. in recapture of, July, '18, v: 260.

Hamidieh II, Turkish battery at Gallipoli, armament of, iv: 45.

Hamilton, Gen. Sir Ian,
Allied commander-in-chief at Gallipoli, iii: 162, iv: 32;
succeeded by Gen. Monro, iii: 174;
despatches to War Office, iv: 35-36.

_Hampshire_, British cruiser,
sunk June 5, '16, with Kitchener and staff, i: 385.

Handley-Page bombing planes, viii: 196, 204, 223.

Hankey, Sir Maurice, secretary, Supreme Peace Council, xii: 152.

Hanotaux, Gabriel, on U. S. neutrality, i: 290.

Hansa Line, tonnage and earnings, i: 264.

Hapsburgs, rise and downfall, vi: 305;
_see also_
Austria-Hungary;
Charles Francis;
Francis Joseph.

Hara, Japanese Prime Minister, _see_ Kei Hara.

Harbin, bourgeois government set up by General Horvath at, vi: 192.

Harbord, Maj.-Gen. James G.,
Chief of Staff, A. E. F., Sept., '17, v: 101, 403;
commands 2nd Div. in Aisne-Marne Offensive, July, '18, v: 167;
commander, Services of Supply, v: 401.

Hardaumont, captured by Germans, Mar. 8, '16, i: 384.

Harden, Maximilian, on sordid nature of World War, i: 123;
on relations between U. S. and Germany, i: 274;
on American war prosperity, i: 311;
optimistic view of German food situation, '14, vi: 254;
on Allied peace terms, vi: 303.

Hardinge, Lord,
responsibility for Mesopotamian failure, iii: 364, 370.

Harington, Sir John,
"brain of British armies in the field," iii: 375.

Harper, Harry, description of Zeppelins by, ii: 262.

Harper, Gen., of British Fourth Corps, personal traits, iii: 377.

Hart, Prof. Albert B.,
summary of U. S. official correspondence on submarine sinkings,
i: 358-362.

Hartlepool, bombarded by Germans, Dec. 16, '14, i: 376, iv: 245.

Hartmannsweilerkopf, captured by French, Mar. 25, '15, i: 378;
Dec., '15, iii: 46.

Hartwell, William, first officer of _S. S. Brussels_,
report on Fryatt case, x: 266-269.

Harvey, Lieut. F. U. W., wins Victoria Cross at Vimy Ridge, iii: 349.

Hassein, King of Hedjaz, joins forces with British, iii: 199.

Hatler, Sgt. M. Waldo, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 401.

Haucourt, taken by Germans, Apr. 5, '16, i: 384, iii: 51.

Haudromont Quarries, taken by French, Oct. 24, '16, i: 388.

Hausen, Gen. von,
commander of a German Army at first Marne battle, ii: 184.

Hauts de Meuse, location, v: 199.

Havre, Belgian government moved to, Oct. 13, '14, i: 376;
embarkation port for returning A. E. F., v: 395.

_Hawke_, British cruiser, torpedoed Oct. 13, '14, i: 376.

Hay, Maj.-Gen. Wm. H., commander 28th Div., v: 278.

Hay, Pvt., one of first of A. E. F. to be killed, xi: 173.

Hays, 1st Lieut. George Price,
gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 391.

Hayward, Col. Wm. D., account by,
of his colored regiment of "bell-hops and waiters," x: 135-137.

Hazois Wood, taken by 2nd Div., Nov. 1, '18, v: 263.

Hebron, occupied by British, Dec. 7, '17, i: 393, iii: 196.

Hedjaz, Arabs aid British in Palestine operations, iii: 196, 199;
kingdom established under secret treaties, '16--'17,
vi: 334, xii: 279;
delegate to Peace Conference, xii: 180;
area and population, xii: 279.

Heeringen, Gen. von,
commands German Sixth Army of invasion, Aug., '14, iii: 10.

_Hela_, German cruiser
torpedoed off Heligoland, Sept. 13, '14, iv: 207.

Helfferich, Karl, on justification of Germany's part in War, i: 119;
director of Deutsche Bank, i: 133, 252;
German Vice-Chancellor, i: 133, 252;
biography, ix: 353.

_Helgoland_, German battleship,
mutiny of crew starts revolution, Oct. 31, '18, iv: 381.

Heligoland,
Peace Treaty provisions for destruction of fortifications on,
xii: 205.

Heligoland Bight, naval battle of,
British victory, Aug. 28, '14, i: 375, iv: 240-243;
Admiral Beatty's official report on, iv: 241.

Helmets, steel, devised by French, viii: 64;
process of manufacture of French type, viii: 64;
rate of production, viii: 65;
efficiency as protection, viii: 65;
process of manufacture of U. S. Army type, viii: 66-68;
bullet-resisting tests, viii: 69-72.

Hem, stormed by French in battle of the Somme, July, '16, iii: 58.

Henderson, Arthur, biography, ix: 47-50.

_Henri IV_, French battleship at Gallipoli, iv: 33.

Henry, Prince, of Prussia, visits U. S., '02, i: 80;
escapes from mutiny of German Fleet, Nov. 7, '18, vi: 272.

Herbebois, taken by Germans, Feb. 21, '16, iii: 48.

Heriot, Corp. James D., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 395.

Hermannstadt, captured by Rumanians, Sept. 2, '16, i: 386;
Rumanians defeated at, Sept. 29--30, '16, i: 388.

Hertling, Count von, German Chancellor,
comment on failure of Champagne-Marne Offensive, July 15--18, '18,
v: 158;
retires as Chancellor, Oct. 3, '18, vi: 270.

Hertzog, Gen.,
anti-British Nationalist leader in South Africa, vi: 49, 50;
heads Nationalist delegation to Peace Conference, Jan., '19,
vi: 52.

Herzegovina, annexed by Austria, '08, i: 109, vi: 356;
_see also_ Bosnia-Herzegovina.

_Hesperian, S. S._,
torpedoed by German submarine, Sept. 4, '15, i: 326.

Hickey, Gen., commander of 16th Irish Div., iii: 377.

Hickory (30th) Division, _see_ U. S., Army.

High Sea Fleet, _see_ Germany, Navy.

Hill, Corp. Ralyn, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 397.

Hill 60, at Ypres,
captured by British, Apr, 17, '15, i: 378, iii: 42;
captured by Germans, May 5, '15, i: 380.

Hill 70, at Loos, captured by British, Sept., '15, iii: 46.

Hill 140, near Souchez, captured by French, Sept., '15, iii: 46.

Hill 180, captured by 327th Inf. in Meuse-Argonne Offensive,
Oct. 7, '18, v: 242.

Hill 190, near Ronchères, captured by 3rd Div., July 27, '18, v: 187.

Hill 204, near Château-Thierry,
captured by 26th Div., July 20, '18, v: 56;
dominating situation, v: 133;
captured by French and A. E. F., June 6, '18, v: 135.

Hill 223, near Châtel Chehery,
captured by 28th Div., Oct. 7, '18, v: 243.

Hill 240, captured by 18th and 28th Infs. in Meuse-Argonne Offensive,
Oct. 5, '18, v: 240.

Hill 242, near Côte de Châtillon,
captured by 168th Inf., Oct. 15, '18, v: 84.

Hill 244, near Châtel Chehery,
captured by 28th Div., Oct. 7, '18, v: 243.

Hill 258, captured by 127th Div. in Meuse-Argonne Offensive,
Oct. 14, '18, v: 250.

Hill 263, captured by 28th Div. in Meuse-Argonne Offensive,
Sept. 26, '18, v: 225.

Hill 269,
captured by 26th Inf. in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Oct. 5, '18,
v: 240;
held by 1st Engineers against German attacks, v: 246.

Hill 288, near Côte de Châtillon,
captured by 168th Inf., Oct. 14, '18, v: 84.

Hill 304, at Verdun, battle for, iii: 51.

Hill 378, stormed by 79th Div. troops in Meuse-Argonne Offensive,
Nov. 5, '18, v: 270.

Hilton, Sgt. Richmond H., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 395.

Hindenburg, Field-Marshal Paul von,
put in command of German armies in East Prussia, Aug., '14,
ii: 24, 353, iii: 112;
destroys Russian Army at battle of Tannenberg, Aug. 26--31, '14,
ii: 24, 353 (Ludendorff's account), iii: 112-116, ix: 242;
campaigns in Russian Poland, ii: 25, iii: 116-118, ix: 245;
Ludendorff's tribute to, ii: 300;
appointed Chief of German General Staff, Aug. 29, '16,
ii: 326, iii: 61;
made Chief of General Staff of Central Powers, ii: 331;
proclamation against "unconditional surrender," Oct. 24, '18,
ii: 335;
first meeting with Ludendorff, Aug. 23, '14, ii: 353;
biography, ix: 242-249;
nicknamed "Old Man of the Swamps," ix: 242;
decorated for valor, ix: 246;
popularity, ix: 249.

Hindenburg Line,
German strategic retreat to, '17, ii: 53, iii: 66-70;
Germans driven to, Sept., '18, ii: 157, iii: 98, 100;
extent and description, iii: 66, v: 216, 301;
strategic purpose, iii: 66;
devastation of French territory in retreat to, '17, iii: 67;
reasons for strategic retreat of '17, iii: 70;
27th and 30th Divs., A. E. F., attacking with British,
break through in Cambrai-St. Quentin sector, Sept.--Oct., '18,
iii: 101, v: 290-295, 301, 393;
Michel position on St. Mihiel front, v: 69;
Kriemhilde position on Meuse-Argonne front, v: 74, 218;
First Army breaks through in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, v: 390.

Hines, Maj.-Gen, John L., promotion, v: 182;
commands 4th Div. at St. Mihiel, Sept., '18, v: 202;
commands 4th Div. in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, v: 219;
commands Third Corps in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, v: 83, 390.

Hintzmann, Korvettenkapitan,
German delegate to arrange for surrender of German fleet, iv: 384.

Hipper, Rear-Adm. von,
commands German squadron at battle of Dogger Bank, Jan. 24, '15,
iv: 246;
commands German advance fleet at battle of Jutland, May 31, '16,
iv: 99, 103, 108, 113.

Hirson, captured by Allies, Nov., '18, iii: 103.

Hodges, Maj.-Gen. H. F., commander 76th Div., July, '18, v: 196.

Hoffman, Sgt. Chas. F., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 389.

Hoffman, Conrad, executive secretary, American Y. M. C. A.,
work for prisoners in Germany, vii: 309.

_Hogue_, British cruiser, torpedoed by _U-9_,
Sept. 22, '14,
eye-witness accounts, iv: 205, x: 274-280;
as told by U-boat commander, x: 279.

Holbrook, Lieut.-Com. Norman D.,
blows up Turk warship in Dardanelles, x: 317.

"Holding" troops, German, viii: 144.

Holland, _see_ Netherlands.

_Holland No. 9_, first U. S. Navy submarine, iv: 205.

Holy Alliance, formation of, i: 33;
defects of, i: 35.

Holy War, declared by Turks, Nov. 17, '14, i: 376, vi: 330;
to destroy British control in East, ii: 27;
failure of, ii: 31;
response to, in India, vi: 74.

Home Rule, Irish, _see_ Ireland.

Home Service, Red Cross, activities of, vii: 35.

Homs, taken by Allies, Oct., '18, iii: 199.

Honduras, delegate to Peace Conference, xii: 180.

Hood, Rear-Adm. Horace L. A.,
commands 3rd British Battle Cruiser Squadron at battle of Jutland,
iv: 117;
lost with sinking of _Invincible_, iv: 120.

Hoofien, S., Dutch representative in Palestine,
report on American relief work, vii: 366.

Hoover, Herbert C.,
appointed U. S. Food Administrator, May 19, '17, i: 390;
pioneer of American relief in Europe, vii: 85;
organizes American Relief Committee, vii: 119;
organizes American Commission for Relief in Belgium,
vii: 119, xii: 136;
account of interview with Lloyd George on Belgian Relief, vii: 124;
biography, ix: 316-323;
bibliography, ix: 323;
work as U. S. Food Administrator, xii: 35;
report on U. S. food exports for relief of Europe, xii: 42;
director-general of American Relief Administration, xii: 141.

Horn, Lieut. Werner,
German spy, tries to blow up bridge on Canadian border,
i: 316, x: 368.

Hornby, Sir Geoffrey Phipps, forces Dardanelles, 1878, iv: 21.

Horne, Gen.,
commands British First Army in offensive against Cambrai,
Sept., '18, ii: 214, v: 213;
characterization by Philip Gibbs, iii: 371.

Horns, for gas alarm, number issued by U. S. Army, v: 324.

Horses, utility in the War, viii: 397;
hospitals for, viii: 398;
number shipped to France by U. S., xii: 95, 278.

Horton, Lieut.-Com. Max,
exploit in command of submarine _E-9_, iv: 207.

Horvath, Gen., sets up bourgeois government in Siberia, vi: 192;
resigns from government, vi: 193.

Hospitals: British, in France, ii: 131.
French, medical service for wounded, viii: 362-365.
United States, _see_ U. S. Army, Medical Service.

Hotchkiss machine-gun, viii: 87.

House, Col. E. M.,
U. S. representative on Supreme War Council, iii: 84;
biography, ix: 70-76.

Howitzers, _see_ Artillery.

Hughes, W. M., Premier of Australia,
advocate of closer union within British Empire, vi: 40;
for vigorous war policy, vi: 40;
delegate to Allied Economic Conference, June, '16, vi: 40;
forms "Hughesite" Liberal government supporting conscription,
vi: 42.

Hulloch, British enter, Sept. 26, '14, iii: 46.

_Humber_, British monitor, description, iv: 281.

Humbert, Charles, French Senator,
implicated in Bolo Pasha plots, x: 344.

Hungary, war sentiment, '14, vi: 306;
parliamentary struggle, '16, vi: 311;
Independence Party, leaders and aims of, vi: 311;
"Independence and 1848" Party, formation and aims of, '16, vi: 311;
Socialist demands for peace, '16, vi: 312;
effects of Rumanian invasion, '16, vi: 313;
"bloodless" revolution overthrows Hapsburg rule, Oct., '18,
vi: 322;
National Council, governing body during revolution, vi: 322;
Republic established, Nov., '18, vi: 323, ix: 146, xii: 279;
Count Karolyi, provisional head of Republic, vi: 323;
armistice signed with Allies, vi: 323;
Ironworkers' Party, conflict with government, vi: 324;
Bolshevists under Bela Kun seize control, Mar., '19, vi: 324-328;
military occupation by Allies, Mar., '19, vi: 325;
Allies' peace terms rejected, vi: 326;
the Red Army, vi: 326;
area and population, xii: 279;
_see also_ Austria-Hungary.

_Hunley_, Confederate submarine in American Civil War, iv: 203.

Hurley, Edward, biography, ix: 335-337.

"Hush" ships, description of, iv: 303.

Hussein Kamil Pasha, made Khédive of Egypt by British, vi: 69.

Hutier, Gen. von, commands Eighteenth German Army, ii: 149;
new method of surprise attack, general plan and tactics of, v: 41,
viii: 143-145.

Hutton, Col. P. C., Chief Surgeon, "Paris Group," A. E. F., v: 346.

Hydrogen, use for inflating balloons, viii: 263.

Hydrophones, use in detection of U-boats, viii: 17-20, 279-281.

Hydroplanes, _see_ Aeronautics.

_Hymn of Hate_, German, against England, i: 194, vi: 253.

_Hymn of the Lusitania_, German, i: 365.

I

_I Want to Be an Angel_, aviators' song, xi: 338.

Igel, Wolf von, German arch-spy in U. S., x: 337;

Imecourt, captured by 319th Inf., Nov. 1, '18, v: 263.

Immelmann, Capt., German ace,
death in air duel with Capt. Ball, x: 209-211, xi: 216.

Immigration, to U. S. from Europe, i: 37.

_Imperatritsa_, Russian battleship,
burns and sinks in Black Sea, Oct. 20, '16, i: 388.

_Implacable_, British battleship, at Gallipoli, iv: 33.

_In Flanders Fields_, poem by Lieut.-Col. John McCrae, xi: 54.

Incendiary bullets, viii: 214.

_Indefatigable_, British battle cruiser,
sunk at battle of Jutland, iv: 108.

Indemnity, _see_ Reparation.

Index numbers, for measuring price changes, xii: _Intro. vii._

India,
troops in Palestine and Salonika campaigns,
ii: _Intro._ _xxiii_;
Suez Canal gateway to, ii: 27;
response to appeal of Holy War, ii: 27, vi: 74;
casualties, total in War, iii: 404, 405;
strength of army, iii: 405;
agitation for autonomy, vi: 72;
response to British war needs, vi: 72;
reasons for loyalty, vi: 73;
Nationalist claims for independence, vi: 74;
political demands on Great Britain, vi: 75;
caste system, description of, vi: 75;
influenza epidemic, '18, vi: 76;
suffering from famine, '18--'19, vi: 76;
Defense of India Act, for suppressing sedition, vi: 77;
Bolshevism in, vi: 77;
"Black Cobra Bill," for suppressing radicalism, vi: 78;
coal production, '13--'16, xii: 48;
War cost, Aug., '14--Mar. '19, xii: 106;
Peace Conference delegates, xii: 179.

Indian, American, as fighter, xi: 175-179.

Indo-China, French, Japan's desire for, vi: 386.

_Indomitable_,
British cruiser in battle of Dogger Bank, iv: 246.

Industrial rights,
Peace Treaty provisions for re-establishment of, xii: 244-246.

Infantry, Field-Marshal Haig's estimate of importance, ii: 123.

Infection, in shell wounds, viii: 362, 367;
causes, viii: 369;
Carrel-Dakin treatment, viii: 369-372, ix: 312, xi: 288-289;
prevention among troops, viii: 392-397, xi: 286-289;
_see also_
Disease;
Medical science;
Sanitation.

"Infiltration," new German method of attack, iii: 386, v: 17, 19;
Gen. Gouraud's method of defense against,
v: 46, 155, viii: 146-148.

_Inflexible_, British battle cruiser at Gallipoli, iv: 31;
damaged by gunfire in Gallipoli attack, Mar. 18, '15, iv: 35;
at battle of Falklands, iv: 70.

Influenza, deaths from, in '18, iii: 405.

Insterburg,
important junction on Petrograd-Berlin Railroad, iii: 111.

Insurance, social, in territories ceded by Germany,
funds to be transferred to Allies, xii: 246.

Intelligence tests for soldiers, viii: 349-351.

Inter-Allied Commissions of Control,
to supervise execution of military terms of Peace Treaty, xii: 215.

Inter-Allied Conference, Mar., '16,
decides on Somme offensive, iii: 55.

Inter-Allied Games, at Pershing Stadium, vii: 313.

Inter-Allied General Staff, created, iii: 84.

Inter-Allied Scientific Food Commission, functions, xii: 139.

Inter-Allied War Council, _see_ Supreme War Council.

International law, formulation of, by Grotius, i: 26;
German statement of Allied infractions, i: 139;
Lansing's proposal for regulation of U-boat war, i: 281, 328;
comment of London _Times_ on Lansing proposal, i: 282;
German protest against U. S. position on armed merchantmen, i: 282;
U. S. position on status of armed merchantmen, i: 283;
controversy between U. S. and Great Britain
on right of seizure of neutral cargoes, i: 312, 318, 339;
controversy between U. S. and Germany on submarine warfare,
i: 317-326, 329-335, 339, 357-361 (chronological summary);
U. S. note to Germany on "Freedom of the seas," July 21, '15,
i: 323;
controversy between U. S. and Austria-Hungary on submarine warfare,
i: 326;
President Wilson opposed to principle of McLemore Resolution,
i: 327;
controversy between U. S. and Great Britain
on seizure of neutral mail, i: 335;
on blockades, ii: 21;
_see also_
Germany, Blockade of;
Submarine warfare.

International rivalries, factors in, 1890--1914, i: 58-63.

International Sanitary Commission,
for Serbian typhus relief, iii: 398.

_Intrepid_, British cruiser in Zeebrugge Raid, iv: 262;
sunk in channel at Zeebrugge, iv: 265.

Inventions,
displace importance of strategy in war, viii: _Intro. vii._

_Invincible_, British battle cruiser, armament, iv: 70;
blown up at Jutland, iv: 119;
at Heligoland Bight, iv: 241.

Ipek, occupied by French, Oct. 16, '18, i: 399.

_Iphigenia_, British cruiser in Zeebrugge Raid, iv: 262;
sunk in channel at Zeebrugge, iv: 265.

Ireland, history of Home Rule movement, vi: 53;
Ulster, led by Carson, opposes Home Rule, vi: 53, 60, ix: 50;
situation at outbreak of War, vi: 53;
loyalty to British in early days of War, vi: 55;
Sinn Feiners start separatist propaganda, vi: 55;
spread of Sinn Fein movement, vi: 57;
Sir Roger Casement's negotiations with Germans, vi: 57;
Sinn Feiners organize armed opposition, vi: 57;
Irish Volunteers, vi: 57;
sympathy with Germany, vi: 57;
German arms for Sinn Feiners captured by British, vi: 58;
Sir Roger Casement captured, vi: 58, ix: 53;
Easter Rebellion, Apr., '16, vi: 58;
proclamation of Republic, Apr., '16, vi: 60;
Padraic Pearse, Provisional President, vi: 60, ix: 53;
collapse of rebellion, May, '16, vi: 60;
leaders executed for treason, May 3, '16, vi: 60, ix: 53;
Lloyd George's proposal for Home Rule settlement, '17, vi: 61;
Irish Convention meets to discover way for settlement, '18,
vi: 61-63;
De Valera, leader of Sinn Feiners, vi: 61;
De Valera elected to Parliament, vi: 62;
Sinn Feiners' attitude toward Convention, vi: 62;
government's new Home Rule Bill, '18, outline of, vi: 64;
struggle over conscription, vi: 64;
Sinn Feiners carry parliamentary elections, '18, vi: 64;
Irish Republic proclaimed by National Assembly at Dublin, '18,
vi: 64;
delegates to Peace Conference appointed, vi: 64;
movement in U. S. in support of Irish freedom, vi: 65;
Irish-American mission to Peace Conference, vi: 65;
Peace Conference refuses hearing to Irish cause, vi: 66;
Sinn Fein platform, ix: 52;
De Valera elected President of Irish Republic, ix: 55.

Ireland, Maj.-Gen. M. W., Surgeon-General, U. S. Army, v: 346.

_Iris_, British ferryboat in Zeebrugge Raid, iv: 262.

Irish-Americans, support for cause of Irish freedom, vi: 65;
Irish Race in America Convention, Feb., '19, vi: 65;
delegation to Peace Conference, vi: 65.

Irkutsk, captured by Czechoslovaks, July 13, '18, i: 397.

Iron, importance of Lorraine deposits, i: 267;
importance in war, i: 268;
French mines coveted by Germany, ii: 13, 15;
French mines seized by Germany, ii: 20.

_Irresistible_, British battleship at Gallipoli, iv: 31;
sunk in Gallipoli attack, Mar. 18, '15, iv: 35, 48.

Isherwood, Lieut.-Com.,
co-inventor of launching device for depth bombs, iv: 331.

Ishii, Viscount, biography, ix: 90.

Ishtib, occupied by Allies, Sept. 26, '18, i: 397.

Isonzo Front, _see_ Italian Front.

Isonzo River, course, ii: 48.

Is-sur-Tille, center of American lines of supply,
iii: 83, v: 11, 330.

Istria, given by Allies to Italy under secret treaty, '15, vi: 361.

_Italia Irredenta_, definition, xi: 18.

Italian Front,
Lloyd George advocates strong offensive on, ii: _Intro. xx_;
most difficult theater of War, ii: 48;
general military topography,
ii: 48, 49, 236, 244, iii: 226-230, xi: 25;
general strategy at start of War,
ii: 48, 49, iii: 228-231, 239-241;
topography of Isonzo Front, ii: 48, iii: 239;
Isonzo campaigns, ii: 49-52, 56-58, 240, 242-250, iii: 239-248;
topography of Trentino Front, ii: 49, iii: 230;
Trentino campaigns, ii: 49, 51, iii: 230-239;
Italian attacks on Gorizia fail, '15, ii: 50, 240;
results of '15 campaign, ii: 51;
Gorizia captured by Italians, Aug., 16, ii: 51, 242, iii: 246;
Caporetto disaster and Italian rout, Oct.--Dec., '17,
ii: 56-58, 246-250, iii: 80, 246-248, vi: 129, xi: 37;
Italian retreat checked by stand at the Piave, Nov., '17,
ii: 58, 250, iii: 80, 248;
last Austrian offensive, June, '18, ii: 94-96, 250-252, iii: 249;
victorious final offensive by Italy, Oct., '18,
ii: 96, 252-254, iii: 249;
Carso Plateau, description of, ii: 244;
Gradisca captured by Italians, June 9, '15, iii: 244;
Monfalcone captured by Italians, June, '15, iii: 244;
casualties and prisoners of war, Austrian and Italian,
during Isonzo campaigns, iii: 244, 246, 248;
Cividale captured by Austro-Germans, Oct. 28, '17, iii: 247;
Udine captured by Austro-Germans, Oct., '17, iii: 247;
Italian losses in men and territory in great retreat,
Oct.--Dec., '17, ii: 248;
Jugoslavs in Austrian army desert to Italians, iii: 249;
American reinforcements arrive, July, '18, iii: 249, v: 394;
bibliography, iii: 249;
aerial cableways across the Alps, viii: 303-306.

_Italian Front, On the_, poem by G. E. Woodbury, vi: 114.

Italy:
Army, German estimate of effectiveness, '14, ii: 4;
Arditi, description of, ii: 240;
Bersaglieri, description of, ii: 240;
Alpini, description of, ii: 242;
Carabinieri, as military police, ii: 242;
Granatieri, description of, ii: 242;
pre-War organization and equipment, iii: 224-226;
effect of enemy propaganda on morale, iii: 247, vi: 128;
for military operations, _see_ Italian Front.
Casualties, total in War, ii: 116, iii: 404, vi: 130;
money equivalent of man-power lost, xii: 25;
total battle deaths, xii: 288.
Declarations of war, on Austria, May 23, '15,
i: 380, ii: 48, 236, vi: 126, 309, xi: 18;
on Turkey, Aug. 21, '15, i: 381;
on Bulgaria, Oct. 19, '15, i: 382;
on Germany, Aug. 27, '16, i: 386;
belligerency condemned as traitorous by Austrian press, vi: 310.
Foreign policy, international position, '14, i: 61;
ambition for Mediterranean supremacy, i: 61;
member of Triple Alliance, i: 95, 255, ii: 48, vi: 114;
war with Turkey for Tripoli, '12, i: 109, vi: 114;
neglected by Germany, i: 255;
Bissolati's explanation of neutrality, i: 256;
refusal to enter War as German ally, ii: 48, xi: 6;
Central Powers bargain for neutrality, ii: 48;
parliamentary struggle between neutralists and interventionists,
ii: 236, vi: 123-126;
Salandra and Sonino advocate war on side of Allies,
ii: 236, vi: 123;
Giolitti advocates continued neutrality, ii: 236, vi: 123;
attitude toward U. S., ii: 245;
public opinion for neutrality in early days of War, vi: 116;
pro-German sentiment, vi: 118;
pro-Ally sentiment grows, vi: 119;
territorial demands on Austria, '14, vi: 120;
Avlona occupied, Dec., '14, vi: 120;
secret treaty with Allies, Apr., '15, price of entry into War,
vi: 122, 361;
occupation of Austrian territories following armistice,
vi: 129, 364;
unpopularity of Austrian alliance, vi: 308;
claims to Asiatic Turkey under secret treaties, '16--'17, vi: 334;
hostility to Jugoslav expansion, vi: 360-362, 364-370;
Adriatic aspirations, vi: 361;
Fiume dispute, vi: 365-370.
Imports, dependence on, ii: 236, vi: 127.
Internal politics, unification, i: 39;
parliamentary struggle between neutralists and war party,
ii: 236, vi: 123-126;
Salandra and Sonnino advocate war on side of Allies,
ii: 236, vi: 120, 123;
Giolitti for continued neutrality, ii: 236, vi: 123;
D'Annunzio rouses people to side with Allies, ii: 239, vi: 124;
strikes instigated by Bolshevik propaganda, iii: 247, vi: 128;
political situation preceding entry into War, vi: 114;
popular sentiment for neutrality, vi: 116;
pro-Ally sentiment, vi: 116, 119;
attitude of political parties on neutrality, vi: 117;
pro-German sympathies, vi: 118;
King Victor takes decisive step for war, vi: 125;
obstructionist policy of Catholics and Socialists, vi: 126;
fall of Salandra Cabinet, June, '16, vi: 127;
coalition government under Boselli takes office, June, '16,
vi: 127;
pacifist propaganda and riots, vi: 128;
fall of Boselli government, Oct., '17, vi: 129;
Orlando heads new Cabinet, vi: 129;
Cabinet crisis on Fiume question, '18, vi: 369.
Navy, strength at outbreak of War, iv: 368;
War record, iv: 368;
blockade of Jugoslav ports, vi: 369.
Peace Conference, delegates to, xii: 179.
Peace Treaty, ratified, Oct. 7, '19, xii: 264.
Prisoners of war, iii: 404.
Royal family, xi: 141-143;
_see also_ Victor Emmanuel.
War cost, Luzzati's statement on, vi: 130;
relatively largest of all belligerents, vi: 131;
financial position at start of War, xii: 1;
debt to U. S., xii: 18;
value of man-power lost, xii: 25;
value of property destroyed, xii: 26;
average daily war cost, xii: 106;
total war cost, May, '15--Oct., '18, xii: 107;
taxation, xii: 107, 109;
loans, xii: 113;
rise in national debt, xii: 113, 114.

J

Jablonitza, captured by Russians, Aug. 15, '16, i: 386.

_Jacob Jones_,
U. S. destroyer sunk by U-boat, Dec. 6, '17, i: 393;
report of Lieut.-Com. Bagley, iv: 346-349.

Jador, battle of,
Austrians driven from Serbia, '14, ii: 32, iii: 152.

Jaffa, captured by British, iii: 194.

Jagow, Gottlieb von, German Foreign Secretary, ix: 127-128.

Jametz, captured by 5th Div., Nov. 10, '18, v: 272.

Japan, abrogates extraterritorial rights, i: 18;
acquires Formosa, 1894, i: 20;
acquires Port Arthur and Korea in Russo-Japanese War, i: 20;
rise as world power, '05, i: 20;
adopts "open door" policy, 1854, i: 38;
Root-Takahira agreement on "open door" in China, '08, i: 57;
Lansing-Ishii Note recognizes special Japanese interest
in China, '17, i: 58;
international position in '14, i: 63;
Anglo-Japanese Alliance, terms of, i: 104, 107;
Ludendorff's comment on entry into War, ii: 357;
siege and capture of Kiau-Chau (Tsing Tau),
Aug. 23--Nov. 7, '14, iii: 257-259, iv: 367, vi: 382-383;
total casualties, iii: 404;
prisoners of war, iii: 404;
naval strength, iv: 58;
naval service to Allies, iv: 367;
motive in siding with Allies, iv: 367, vi: 382;
sends troops to Vladivostok against Soviet government, vi: 193;
the "Yellow Peril," origin of phrase, vi: 248;
ultimatum to Germany demanding surrender of Kiau-Chau,
Aug. 17, '14, vi: 382;
declares war on Germany, Aug. 23, '14, vi: 382;
internal politics during War, vi: 384;
forces China to accede to "Group Demands," '15, vi: 385;
summary of concessions obtained under "Group Demands," vi: 385;
ambition for domination in Far East, vi: 386;
treaty with Russia, '16, vi: 386;
imperialists advocate intervention in Siberia, '17, vi: 386;
Terauchi Cabinet opposed by liberals, vi: 386-388;
Kei Hara succeeds Terauchi as Premier, '18, vi: 388;
opposition by conservatives to Hara government, vi: 388;
separatist movement in Korea, vi: 388;
money equivalent of man-power lost, xii: 25;
coal production, '13--'16, xii: 48;
delegates to Peace Conference, xii: 180;
Shantung (Kiau-Chau) transferred to, by Peace Treaty, xii: 209;
ratifies Peace Treaty, Oct. 27, '19, xii: 264;
_see also_
Kiau-Chau;
Shantung.

Jaroslav, fortress on San,
captured by Russians, Sept. 21, '14, i: 376, iii: 123;
retaken by Germans, May 17, '15, iii: 136.

Jassy, Rumanian government moved to, Nov. 28, '16, i: 389.

Jastrow, Prof. Morris, Jr.,
discussion of Bagdad Railway problem, ii: 290-297.

Jaulgonne, location, v: 133;
captured by 3rd Div., July, '18, v: 383.

_Jauréguiberry_, French battleship at Gallipoli, iv: 33.

Jaurès, Jean, French anti-militarist, assassinated, vi: 95.

Jebel Shammar, Emirate of, established, '18, xii: 279.

Jellicoe, Adm. Sir John,
appointed Commander-in-Chief of British Grand Fleet, Aug. 4, '14,
iv: 88;
analysis of British and German fleets at start of War, iv: 93-97;
biography, ix: 275-282;
bibliography, ix: 282.

Jericho, captured by British, Feb. 22, '18, i: 393, ii: 196.

Jerusalem,
captured by Gen. Allenby, Dec. 11, '17, ii: 92, iii: 196, 322-326;
Allenby's proclamation to people of, iii: 325;
work of Y. M. C. A. in, vii: 323.

_Jeszcze Polska_, Polish national anthem, xi: 331.

Jews, distress in war areas, vii: 349;
number in Russian Poland, vii: 349, 358, 361, 376;
number in Galicia, vii: 349, 376;
number in Germany, vii: 349;
number in Turkey, vii: 349, 368 (outside Palestine), 376;
number in Palestine, vii: 349, 366, 376;
number in Serbia, vii: 349, 369, 376;
American aid for needy in Palestine, vii: 350, 358, 365-368;
American aid for needy in Belgium, vii: 350;
organization of war relief agencies in U. S., vii: 351-354;
American Jewish Relief Committee formed, vii: 354;
funds raised in U. S. for overseas war relief, '16--'17,
vii: 355-356;
American relief for destitute in Russian Poland,
vii: 356-358, 360-363;
refugees in interior of Russia, relief activities for,
vii: 356, 363-365;
conditions in Galicia, vii: 358;
number dependent on war relief, by countries,
vii: 358, 361, 362, 363, 366, 367, 369, 376;
work of relief commission sent to Europe from U. S., vii: 359-360;
American relief for needy in Constantinople, vii: 368;
contributions to destitute in Serbia and Greece, vii: 368;
aid for war refugees in Spain, vii: 369;
relief funds raised in U. S. during '18, vii: 370-374;
reports, on after-War distress in Europe, vii: 375-376;
extent of relief work in Vilna, vii: 375;
number in Lithuania, vii: 376;
number in Baltic Provinces, vii: 376;
number in Russia, vii: 376;
number in Serbia, vii: 376;
number in Rumania, vii: 376;
number in Bulgaria, vii: 376;
number in Greece, vii: 376;
number in Hungary, vii: 376;
number in Persia, vii: 376.

Jihad, _see_ Holy War.

Joffre, Marshal Josef Jacques César,
fights first battle of the Marne, Sept., '14, ii: 9, 182, iii: 30;
controversy with Viscount French on importance of Channel ports,
ii: 172;
_General Joffre and His Battles_, book by Raymond Recouly,
summary of, ii: 182-189;
appointed Commander-in-Chief of French armies, iii: 46;
technical adviser to French War Council, iii: 62;
biography, ix: 154-161;
visit to U.S., ix: 161;
bibliography, ix: 161;
intimate anecdote of, ix: 269.

Johnston, Sgt. Harold I., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 401.

Johnston, Maj.-Gen. W. H.,
in command of 91st Div., Aug., '18, v: 196;
at Marne-Aisne Offensive, Sept., '18, v: 220.

Joint Distribution Committee,
for Jewish war relief, formation of, vii: 354.

Jonc de Mer Ridge,
Germans driven back at, by A. E. F., Oct. 18, '18, v: 296.

Jordan River, military operations along, iii: 197.

Joseph Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria,
commands Austrian forces to invade Poland, iii: 119.

Jugoslavs, in Austrian Army desert to Italians, '18, iii: 249;
Austrian and Russian policies toward, vi: 306;
attack Hungarian Republic, April--May, '19, vi: 326;
racial groups among, with early history, vi: 354;
Serbian ambition for unification, vi: 355, 363;
clash with Austrian interests, vi: 355-359;
meeting of Jugoslav representatives in Corfu plans
for united nation, Aug.,'17, vi: 359;
conflict with Italy over eastern Adriatic coast,
vi: 359-363, 364-370;
Hungarian government suppresses Jugoslav Congress at Agram,
Mar., '18, vi: 363;
establish united Provisional Government, Nov., '18, vi: 364;
seize Austrian navy and merchant marine, Nov., '18, vi: 364;
armed opposition to Italian advance in Carniola, Nov., '18,
vi: 364;
struggle with Italy for possession of Fiume and Dalmatia,
vi: 365-370;
establish united kingdom under Prince Alexander of Serbia,
Dec. 21, '18, vi: 366;
recognized by U. S., Feb. '19, vi: 366;
President Wilson's note supporting Jugoslav claim for Fiume,
vi: 369;
claims for independence recognized by Austria-Hungary
in agreeing to armistice, vi: 399;
area and population of united kingdom, xii: 279;
_see also_ Serbia.

Junior American Red Cross, activities, xi: 90.

Justh, Julius, leader of Hungarian Independence Party, vi: 311.

Jutland, battle of, May 31, '16,
description in full, with official reports, iv: 99-136;
outline in brief, iv: 99-104;
opposing commanders, iv: 99;
British ships and men lost, iv: 100;
German ships and men lost, iv: 100;
moral victory for Germans, iv: 100;
criticism of Jellicoe's tactics, iv: 101;
greatest naval engagement in history, iv: 102;
conditions influencing, iv: 102;
strength and composition of fleets engaged,
iv: 103-104, 112, 114, 119;
disposition of British forces, iv: 104;
first phase, iv: 106-113;
Beatty's report on first phase, iv: 106-110;
Jellicoe's account of first phase, iv: 108;
accuracy of German fire, iv: 108;
_Indefatigable_ sunk, iv: 108;
fight between destroyer flotillas, iv: 109;
_Queen Mary_ blown up, iv: 110;
critical analysis of first phase, iv: 110-113;
second phase, Beatty's report on, iv: 113-115;
weather conditions, iv: 113;
critical analysis of second phase, iv: 115;
third phase, iv: 115-130;
Jellicoe's account of third phase, iv: 117-120, 121-129;
Third Battle Cruiser Squadron under Hood reinforces Beatty,
iv: 117;
British miscalculate position, iv: 117;
Hood gets into action with enemy, iv: 119;
Beatty's report on third phase, iv: 119, 120-121, 129;
_Invincible_ blows up, iv: 119;
Adm. Hood lost with _Invincible_, iv: 119-120;
_Shark_, _Defence_, and _Black Prince_ sunk, iv: 121;
low visibility, iv: 121-123;
British alter course to avoid torpedo attack, iv: 125;
German destroyers sunk, iv: 126;
Germans retire under cover of smoke screen, iv: 126;
Jellicoe pursues enemy, iv: 127;
critical analysis of third phase, iv: 129;
fourth phase, iv: 131-136;
night fighting and torpedo attacks, iv: 131;
Jellicoe abandons pursuit, iv: 133;
critical analysis of fourth phase, iv: 133-136;
effect of battle on military situation, iv: 135;
lessons taught by, iv: 135;
account and analysis of, by Arthur Pollen, iv: 144-156;
authoritative information incomplete, iv: 146;
British lose chance for decisive victory, iv: 152, 156;
German eye-witness account, iv: 256;
British eye-witness account, iv: 258.

Juvigny, captured by French and 32nd Div., A. E. F.,
Aug., '18, i: 397, v: 62, 258, 384;
32nd Div. casualties at, v: 259.

K

_K-13_, British submarine,
account of sinking, and rescue of crew, x: 304-315.

"Kahkos," description, viii: 257.

Kaiser, _see_ William II.

Kaiser Wilhelm Land, acquired by Australia, '18, xii: 279;
area and population, xii: 279.

Kakali, captured by Allies, Oct., '15, iii: 204.

Kale-I-Sultanie, fort on the Dardanelles, ii: 29.

Kaledin, Gen., commands Russian army at Rovno, iii: 142;
leads Cossacks in Siberia, vi: 192.

_Kambana_, Bulgarian newspaper,
statement against Russia, June, '15, vi: 342.

Kamerun, _see_ Cameroons.

Kamio, Gen.,
Japanese commander at siege of Tsing Tau (Kiau-Chau), iii: 257.

Karaburnu, Greek fort occupied by Allies, iii: 206.

Karaurgan, Russians defeat Turks at, Jan. 16, '15, i: 378.

Karlsruhe, Allied air raid on, June 15, '15, i: 380.

_Karlsruhe_, German sea-raider,
battle with British cruiser _Bristol_, Aug. 6, '14, iv: 63;
career in Atlantic, iv: 196.

Karnes, Sgt. James E., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 396.

Karolyi, Count Michael,
pleads Hungary's cause in U. S., '14, vi: 307;
leader of Hungarian Independence Party, vi: 311;
forms "Independence and 1848" Party, '16, vi: 311;
appointed Premier of Hungary, Nov., '18, vi: 323;
resigns as Premier, Mar., '19, vi: 325;
biography, ix: 144-147.

Kars, Russians defeat Turks at, Jan. 1, '15, iii: 260.

Katia, battle between Turks and British at, Apr., '16, iii: 191.

Katz, Sgt. Philip C., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 401.

Kaufman, Sgt. Benjamin, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 399.

Kautsky, Herr, German Social-Democratic leader,
opposes war, vi: _Intro. xii._

Kavala, bombarded by British warships, Aug. 27, '16, i: 386;
occupied by Bulgars, '16, iii: 207, vi: 344.

_Kawachi_, Japanese battleship blows up, July 12, '18, i: 397.

Keeling Island, destruction on, by landing party from _Emden_,
Nov. 9, '14, iv: 184, 190.

_Keep the Home Fires Burning_, American soldiers' song, xi: 336.

_Keep Your Head Down, Fritzie Boy_,
American soldiers' song, xi: 337.

Kei Hara, heads liberal Japanese Cabinet, vi: 388.

Keirsbilk, Alois Van,
Belgian hero, executed for plotting death of Kaiser, x: 357-360.

Kellermann, Bernhard,
German novelist, description of conditions at front, iii: 286.

Kelley, Col., British commander against Sudanese, iii: 191.

Kelly, Pvt. John Joseph, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 389.

Kem, captured by Anglo-American forces, July 15, '18, i: 397.

Kemmel, Mount,
stormed and captured by Germans, Apr., '18, i: 395, iii: 91, 360;
occupied by Anglo-American troops, Aug. 19, '18, i: 397;
key-point in defense of Channel ports, iii: 381;
27th and 30th Divs. in sector, v: 286.

Kennedy, Maj.-Gen. C. W., commands 85th Div., Aug., '18, v: 197.

_Kent_, British cruiser
at battle of Falklands, armament, iv: 70;
sinks _Nürnberg_, iv: 74.

Kerensky, Alexander Feodorovitch,
speech in Duma predicting revolution, vi: 144;
leader of Socialist-Revolutionary Party, vi: 148;
pacifies revolting Petrograd troops, Mar. 12, '17, vi: 151;
Minister of Justice in Prince Lvov's Cabinet, vi: 155;
character sketch, vi: 155;
abolishes death penalty, vi: 157;
Minister of War in Lvov's coalition Cabinet, vi: 160;
member of "Group of Toil," vi: 160;
becomes Premier and dictator of Russia, vi: 165;
struggle with Kornilov for supreme power, vi: 167-171;
declares himself Commander-in-Chief, vi: 171;
struggle with Soviets, vi: 175-179;
overthrown by Bolsheviki, vi: 179-181;
biography, ix: 104-109;
bibliography, ix: 109.

Kermanshah, captured by Russians, Feb. 25, '16, i: 384.

Kerosene, amount used by A. E. F., v: 331.

Kessler, Count, expelled from Poland, vi: 220.

Kessler, George A., starts Blind Relief War Fund, vii: 255.

Keystone (28th) Division, _see_ U. S., Army.

Kharga, British base in Libyan Desert, iii: 191.

_Kheyr-ed-Din-Barbarossa_,
Turkish battleship sunk by British submarine, Aug. 9, '15, i: 381.

Khvostov, Russian Minister of Interior,
removed from office, Feb., '16, vi: 140.

Kiau-Chau (Kiao-Chau), seized by Germany, 1897, i: 15, 82;
siege and conquest of Tsing Tau by Japanese, Aug. 24--Nov. 7, '14,
iii: 257-259, iv: 367, vi: 382-383;
German rights transferred to Japan under Peace Treaty, xii: 209;
area and population, xii: 279;
_see also_ Shantung.

Kiel Canal, Peace Treaty provisions for navigation of, xii: 255.

Kienzle, Herbert, in German plot to blow up ships at sea, x: 372.

Kiev, captured by Germans, Mar. 2, '18, i: 393.

Kilid-Bahr, fortification of, on Gallipoli, ii: 29, iv: 24, 45;
objective of British landing forces, iii: 167;
bombarded, Mar. 5, '15, iv: 45;
_see also_ Gallipoli Campaign.

Killingholme, England, U. S. seaplane station at, iv: 359.

_Kimigayo_, Japanese national anthem, xi: 328.

_King Edward VII_,
British battleship sunk by mine, Jan. 10, '16, i: 384.

Kiribaba Pass, seized by Russians, Jan. 16, '15, i: 378.

Kitchener, Field-Marshal Lord Horatio Herbert,
drowned in sinking of cruiser _Hampshire_, June 5, '16,
i: 385, ix: 168;
attitude on Dardanelles campaign, ii: _Intro. xv_;
dispute with Field-Marshal French, ii: 164-169;
member of British Cabinet War Council, ii: 198;
responsibility for Dardanelles disaster, ii: 198, 202;
influence in War Council described by Winston Churchill, ii: 202;
biography, ix: 168-176;
bibliography, ix: 176;
military commandments, xi: 55.

_K-K-K-Katy_, American soldiers' song, xi: 335.

Kluck, Gen. Alexander von,
leads invasion of Belgium and France, Aug., '14,
ii: 8, iii: 10, xi: 10;
occupies Brussels, Aug. 20, '14, ii: 8, iii: 21;
defeated at first Marne battle and forced to retreat, Sept., '14,
ii: 9, 184, iii: 30-34;
strategy of Aug., '14 advance, criticism of,
by Field-Marshal French, ii: 168;
avoids Paris and crosses the Marne, iii: 28;
biography, ix: 266-268.

Knights of Columbus, war-time activities of, vii: 328-339;
organizing for war work, vii: 330;
funds raised, vii: 331;
war work expenditures, vii: 332;
War Activities Committee, vii: 334;
employment bureaus for discharged service men, vii: 338.

Knotty Ash Camp, Liverpool, American Y. M. C. A. at, vii: 287.

Knox peace resolution,
declaring war between U. S. and Germany at end,
passed by Congress in substitution for Treaty of Versailles,
xii: 273-277;
text of original resolution
asking the President to make separate peace, xii: 273-274;
text of amended resolution, xii: 277;
vetoed by President Wilson, xii: 277;
President's veto message, xii: 278.

Kocak, Sgt. Matej, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 389.

Koenig, Paul, head of Hamburg-American Line secret service, i: 317;
German spy in U. S., x: 347.

Koenig, Capt. Paul,
commander of German commerce submarine _Deutschland_,
personal account of trans-Atlantic trip, iv: 214-216, x: 271-274.

Koja Chemen Tepe, at Gallipoli, dominates Anzac positions, iii: 172;
Anzac assault on, iii: 173;
_see also_ Gallipoli Campaign.

Kolchak, Adm. Aleksandr Vasiliyevich,
Siberian government of, recognized by Allies, vi: 188;
declares himself dictator of Siberia, vi: 194;
leader of anti-Bolshevik forces in Russia, vi: 194;
biography, ix: 239-241.

Kollontai, Mme., member of Bolshevik presidium, vi: 179.

_Köln_, German cruiser
sunk at battle of Heligoland Bight, iv: 241.

_Königin Luise_, German raider in English Channel, iv: 197.

Königsberg, in East Prussia, Russian objective, iii: 111.

_Königsberg_, German sea-raider,
sunk by British monitors, July 11, '15, i: 381, iv: 195.

Koran of Caliph Othwan, Peace Treaty provision for return of,
by Germany to King of Hedjaz, xii: 225.

Korea, acquired by Japan, i: 20;
struggle for independence, vi: 388.

Kornilov, Gen. Laurus,
appointed Commander-in-Chief of Russian armies by Kerensky,
vi: 164;
rebellion against Kerensky, vi: 167-171;
imprisoned, vi: 171;
leads Cossacks against Bolsheviki, vi: 192;
biography, ix: 235-237.

Kossaima, occupied by Turks, Jan., '15, iii: 189.

Kovel, military importance, ii: 42.

Kovno, captured by Germans, Aug. 17, '15, i: 381, ii: 363, iii: 138.

Koweit, Sultanate of, established, '18, xii: 279.

Kriemhilde Position, German line of defense,
extent and description, v: 74, 218, 234;
A. E. F. breakthrough in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Oct.--Nov., '18,
v: 80-88, 240, 245, 262;
_see also_ Meuse-Argonne Offensive.

Krithia, at Gallipoli, Allied attacks on, iii: 169-173;
_see also_ Gallipoli Campaign.

_Kronprinz Wilhelm_,
comes into Newport News harbor, Apr. 11, '15, i: 378;
interned, Apr. 26, '15, i: 380.

Kronstadt, captured by Rumanians, Sept., '16, iii: 218;
recaptured by Teutons, Oct., '16, iii: 220;
military headquarters of Bolsheviki, vi: 164.

Krovno, occupied by Austrians, Feb. 4, '16, i: 384.

Krupp, Bertha, owner of largest German munition plant, ix: 352.