Chapter XVII: Section 14: of the Lever Bill, which became the Food Control (9)

"Then," says B. C. Edworthy in _Association Men_, "as suddenly as though God himself had dropped a wet blanket over the crackling flames of hell and at one blow had extinguished them all, the firing ceased. There was an instant's pause, in which it seemed as though the world had come to an end. Then from the forty bells, high in the still untouched towers of that old cathedral at Verdun, which had witnessed the most heroic sacrifice of life and love save that on Calvary alone, pealed forth as did the voices over the Bethlehem hills those silver tones that once again were saying, 'Peace on Earth.' The men were joyously and deliriously leaping about, yelling and shouting and singing and kissing one another. Slowly those heavy cathedral doors opened and in rushed about six hundred of the Allied soldiers."

There were Mohammedans, Catholics, Jews, and Protestants. They pressed forward into the choir space, the roofs above them open to heaven. A simple impromptu service of thanksgiving followed. An English soldier led the Doxology, and all who knew the hymn joined in. Six hundred worshipers knelt, each soldier praying according to his faith. Mohammedans bowed to the stones, Catholics crossed themselves, Jews and Protestants with moving lips bent their heads or lifted their faces to heaven. Dr. Oscar E. Maurer, of New Haven, Conn., led the _Lord's Prayer_. As the strange congregation rose, the Americans began "My Country 'tis of Thee," the English joining in with "God Save the King."

There could be only one closing hymn in that battered shell of Verdun Cathedral. Now, as though it had been arranged, the French pushed forward and began the "Marseillaise." It was the singing of the soul of a nation, a soul redeemed:

_Allons, enfants de la patrie
Le jour de gloire est arrivé_

Peace had come to Verdun, deliverance to France, safety to the world. With the last words of the national hymn of France, the service was finished, and the worshipers turned and reverently left the building.

THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES AND THE COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

(Signed June 28, 1919, Rejected by the United States, November 19, 1919 and Again Rejected, with the Lodge Reservations, March 19, 1920)

The preamble contains the names of the plenipotentiaries that took part in the negotiations and signed the treaty, with a few exceptions: Dr. Hermann Müller and Dr. Johannes Bell were substituted for Brockdorff-Rantzau and his associates, China's delegates refused to sign on account of the Shantung concessions to Japan, and Italy was represented by a new commission headed by Signor Tittoni, the new Foreign Minister.

The text here reproduced is the revised edition of the treaty distributed in French and English among the delegates at the time of the signing. The copy actually signed is deposited in the archives of the Republic of France in Paris.

PREAMBLE

The United States of America, the British Empire, France,
Italy, and Japan, these powers being described in the present
treaty as the principal Allied and Associated Powers; Belgium,
Bolivia, Brazil, China, Cuba, Ecuador, Greece, Guatemala,
Haiti, the Hedjaz, Honduras, Liberia, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru,
Poland, Portugal, Rumania, the Serb-Croat-Slovene State; Siam,
Czechoslovakia, and Uruguay, these powers constituting with the
principal powers mentioned above the Allied and Associated
Powers of the one part; and Germany, of the other part: Bearing
in mind that on the request of the Imperial German Government
an armistice was granted on Nov. 11, 1918, to Germany by the
principal Allied and Associated Powers in order that a treaty
of peace might be concluded with her, and the Allied and
Associated Powers being equally desirous that the war in which
they were successively involved directly or indirectly, and
which originated in the declaration of war by Austria-Hungary
on July 28, 1914, against Serbia; the declaration of war by
Germany against Russia on Aug. 1, 1914, and against France on
Aug. 3, 1914, and in the invasion of Belgium, should be
replaced by a firm, just, and durable peace;

For this purpose the high contracting parties represented as
follows:

THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, by:

The Honorable Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States,
acting in his own name and by his own proper authority;

The Honorable Robert Lansing, Secretary of State;

The Honorable Henry White, formerly Ambassador Extraordinary
and Plenipotentiary of the United States at Rome and Paris;

The Honorable Edward M. House;

General Tasker H. Bliss, Military Representative of the United
States on the Supreme War Council;

HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND
IRELAND AND OF THE BRITISH DOMINIONS BEYOND THE SEAS, EMPEROR
OF INDIA, by:

The Right Honorable David Lloyd George, M. P., First Lord of
his Treasury and Prime Minister;

The Right Honorable Andrew Bonar Law, M. P., his Lord Privy
Seal;

The Right Honorable Viscount Milner, G. C. B., G. C. M. G., his
Secretary of State for the Colonies;

The Right Honorable Arthur James Balfour, O. M., M. P., his
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs;

The Right Honorable George Nicoll Barnes, M. P., Minister
without portfolio; and

FOR THE DOMINION OF CANADA, by:

The Right Honorable Sir George Eulas Foster, G. C. M. G.,
Minister of Trade and Commerce;

The Right Honorable Charles Joseph Doherty, Minister of
Justice;

FOR THE COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA, by:

The Right Honorable William Morris Hughes, Attorney General and
Prime Minister;

The Right Honorable Sir Joseph Cook, G. C. M. G., Minister for
the Navy;

FOR THE DOMINION OF SOUTH AFRICA, by:

General the Right Honorable Louis Botha, Prime Minister;

Lieut. General the Right Honorable Jan Christiaan Smuts, K. C.,
Minister of Defense;

FOR THE DOMINION OF NEW ZEALAND, by:

The Right Honorable William Ferguson Massey, Minister of Labor
and Prime Minister;

FOR INDIA, by:

The Right Honorable Edwin Samuel Montagu, M. P., his Secretary
of State for India;

Major General his Highness Maharaja Sir Ganga Singh Bahadur,
Maharaja of Bikanir, G. C. S. I., G. C. I. E., G. C. V. O., K.
C. B., A. D. C.;

THE PRESIDENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC, by:

Mr. Georges Clemenceau, President of the Council, Minister of
War;

Mr. Pichon, Minister of Foreign Affairs;

Mr. L. L. Klotz, Minister of Finance;

Mr. André Tardieu, Commissary General for Franco-American
Military Affairs;

Mr. Jules Cambon, Ambassador of France;

HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF ITALY,[27] by:

Mr. V. E. Orlando, President of the Council of Ministers;

[27] On account of the overthrow of the Orlando Ministry and the formation of the Nitti Ministry, the treaty was signed by a delegation headed by Signor Tittoni, the New Foreign Minister.

Baron S. Sonnino, Minister of Foreign Affairs;

Mr. S. Crespi, Deputy, Minister of Supplies;

Marquis G. Imperiali, Senator of the Kingdom, Ambassador of his
Majesty the King of Italy at London;

Mr. S. Barzilai, Deputy, formerly Minister;

HIS MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OF JAPAN, by:

Marquis Saionji, formerly President of the Council of
Ministers;

Baron Makino, formerly Minister of Foreign Affairs, member of
the Diplomatic Council;

Viscount Chinda, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
of H. M. the Emperor of Japan at London;

Mr. K. Matsui, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of
H. M. the Emperor of Japan at Paris;

Mr. H. Ijuin, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of
H. M. the Emperor of Japan at Rome;

HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE BELGIANS, by:

Mr. Hymans, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of State;

Mr. Van Den Heuvel, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of H. M. the King of the Belgians, Minister of
State;

Mr. Vandervelde, Minister of Justice, Minister of State;

THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BOLIVIA, by:

Mr. Ismael Montes, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of Bolivia at Paris;

THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL, by:

Mr. Epitacio Pessoa, formerly Minister of State, formerly
member of the Supreme Court of Justice, Federal Senator;

Mr. Pandiá Calogeras, Deputy, formerly Minister of Finance;

Mr. Raul Ferdnandes;

THE PRESIDENT OF THE CHINESE REPUBLIC,[28] by;

Mr. Lou Tseng-Tsiang, Minister of Foreign Affairs;

Mr. Chengting Thomas Wang, formerly Minister of Agriculture and
Commerce;

[28] Refused to sign on account of Shantung concessions to Japan.

THE PRESIDENT OF THE CUBAN REPUBLIC, by:

Mr. Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante, Dean of The Faculty of Law
in the University of Havana, President of the Cuban Society of
International Law;

THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR, by:

Mr. Enrique Dorn y de Alsua, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of Ecuador at Paris;

HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE HELLENES, by:

Mr. Eleftherios Venizelos, President of the Council of
Ministers;

Mr. Nicolas Politis, Minister of Foreign Affairs;

THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF GUATEMALA, by:

Mr. Joaquin Mendez, formerly Minister of State for Public Works
and Public Instruction, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of Guatemala at Washington, Envoy Extraordinary
and Minister Plenipotentiary on Special Mission at Paris;

THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF HAITI, by:

Mr. Tertullien Guilbaud, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of Haiti at Paris;

HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE HEDJAZ, by:

Mr. Rustem Haidar;

Mr. Abdul Hadi Aouni;

THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF HONDURAS, by:

Dr. Policarpe Bonilla, on special mission to Washington,
formerly President of the Republic of Honduras, Envoy
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary;

THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA, by:

The Honorable C. D. B. King, Secretary of State;

THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF NICARAGUA, by:

Mr. Salvador Chamorro, President of the Chamber of Deputies;

THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA, by:

Mr. Antonio Burgos, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of Panama at Madrid;

THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF PERU, by:

Mr. Carlos G. Candamo, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of Peru at Paris;

THE PRESIDENT OF THE POLISH REPUBLIC, by:

Mr. Roman Dmowski, President of the Polish National Committee;

Mr. Ignace Paderewski, President of the Council of Ministers,
Minister of Foreign Affairs;

THE PRESIDENT OF THE PORTUGESE REPUBLIC, by:

Dr. Affonso Costa, formerly President of the Council of
Ministers;

Mr. Augusto Soares, formerly Minister of Foreign Affairs;

HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF RUMANIA, by:

Mr. Jean J. C. Bratiano, President of the Council of Ministers,
Minister of Foreign Affairs;

General Constantin Coanda, Corps Commander, A. D. C. to the
King, formerly President of the Council of Ministers;

HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF THE SERBS, THE CROATS, AND THE
SLOVENES, by:

Mr. N. P. Pachitch, formerly President of the Council of
Ministers;

Mr. Ante Trumbic, Minister of Foreign Affairs; Mr. Milenko R.
Vesnitch, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of
H. M. the King of the Serbs, the Croats, and the Slovenes at
Paris;

HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF SIAM, by:

Prince Charoon, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of H. M. the King of Siam at Paris;

Prince Traidos Prabandhu, Under Secretary of State for Foreign
Affairs;

THE PRESIDENT OF THE CZECHO-SLOVAK REPUBLIC, by:

Mr. Charles Kramar, President of the Council of Ministers;

Mr. Edouard Benes, Minister of Foreign Affairs;

THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF URUGUAY, by:

Mr. Juan Antonio Buero, Minister of Industry, formerly Minister
of Foreign Affairs;

On January 8, 1918, President Wilson outlined the fourteen points on the basis of which the Allies should make peace.]

GERMANY,[29] by;

Count Brockdorff-Rantzau, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the
Empire;

[29] Treaty Signed by Dr. Hermann Müller, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Empire, and Dr. Johannes Bell, Minister of the Empire.

Dr. Landsberg, Minister of Justice of the Empire;

Mr. Giesberts, Minister of Posts of the Empire;

Oberbürgermeister Leinert, President of the Prussian National
Assembly;

Dr. Schücking;

Dr. Karl Melchior; Acting in the name of the German Empire and
of each and every component State.

WHO having communicated their full powers found in good and due form HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:

From the coming into force of the present treaty the state of war will terminate. From that moment and subject to the provisions of this treaty official relations with Germany and with any of the German States will be resumed by the Allied and Associated Powers.