Chapter CVI: Section 4: That the joint resolution of Congress, approved (7)

Ostend, seat of Belgian government moved to, Oct. 5, '14, i: 376;
occupied by Germans, Oct. 13, '14, i: 376, iii: 38;
raided by British May, '18, iv: 279;
evacuated by Germans, xi: 52.

Ostrovo, Lake,
Allied counter-attack against Bulgars at, Sept., '16, iii: 208.

_Otranto_, British auxiliary cruiser
in battle off Coronel, iv: 65.

Ourcq River,
crossed by 42nd Div. in pursuit of Germans, July, '18, v: 50, 187;
course and topography of region, v: 133;
A. E. F. fighting at, commended by Gen. Degoutte, v: 192.

_Over There_, American soldier song, xi: 336.

Over-There Theater League,
organization and activities, vii: 277, 339-342.

Ovillers, captured by Allies in Somme battle, iii: 58.

Oxygen, for gas victims, iii: 320.

Oxygen helmets as defense against poison gas, viii: 173.

P

Paderewski, Ignace Jan, returns to Poland as popular hero, vi: 220;
becomes Prime Minister, vi: 223;
defeated for presidency, vi: 225;
biography, ix: 95-98.

Paës, Dr. Sidonio,
President of Portugal, assassinated, Dec., '18, vi: 374.

Paget, Sir Ralph, Chairman,
International Sanitary Commission for Serbian typhus relief,
iii: 398.

Painlevé, Paul, succeeds Ribot as French premier, '17, vi: 105.

"Pal" regiments, British recruiting device, vi: 6.

Palestine, strategic importance, ii: _Intro. xviii, xxi_, 87-90;
conquered by Gen. Allenby,
ii: _Intro. xx_, 92-94, 218, iii: 192-200, 322-326;
capture of Gaza, Mar. 26--27, '17, ii: 92, iii: 192;
capture of Jerusalem, Dec. 11, '17,
ii: 92, iii: 193-196, 322-326 (description of Allenby's entry);
British and Turkish manpower, ii: 93, iii: 200;
destruction of Turkish army, Sept., '18, ii: 94, 218, iii: 198;
Damascus captured, Oct. 1, '18, iii: 199;
Aleppo captured, Oct. 25, '18, iii: 200;
bibliography, iii: 200;
disposition under secret treaties, '16--'17, vi: 334;
Y. M. C. A. in, vii: 322;
area and population, xii: 279.

Palmer, Frederick, comment on Marne fighting, July, '18, v: 158;
tribute to 1st Div., v: 234.

Pan-Germanism, _see_ Germany.

Pan-Slavism, aspirations, i: 244;
"Greater Serbia" propaganda, i: 244;
fight for control of Ukraine by Russia, vi: 241;
Russia aims at annexation of Ruthenia, '14, vi: 241;
Bulgaria's attitude toward, vi: 340;
_see also_ Slavs.

Panama, declares war on Germany, Apr, 7. '17, i: 389;
Peace Conference delegate, xii: 180.

Panama Canal, U. S. gains control of, i: 84.

Pannes, captured by 42nd Div., v: 211.

_Panther_, German gunboat sent to Agadir, July, '11,
i: 104, 203.

Paolucci, Dr.,
helps Lieut.-Col. Rossetti to sink Austrian warship
_Viribus Unitis_, x: 297-303.

Papacy, relation to Italian government, i: 61.

Papeete, bombarded by German fleet, Sept. 22, '14, iv: 62.

Papen, Capt. Franz von,
German Military Attaché in U. S., dismissed for unneutral conduct,
i: 276;
share in passport frauds, i: 314;
activities as arch-spy in U. S., x: 328-329.

Parachutes, use by military balloonists, viii: 260-263.

Parades, first American troops in Paris, July 4, '17, v: 107;
Allied troops on Bastille Day in Paris, July 14, '18, v: 147;
27th Div. in New York City, Mar. 25, '19, v: 299.

Parajd, captured by Rumanians, Oct. 5, '16, i: 388.

Paravane, protective device against submarine mine, iv: 313.

Paris, air raids on, Jan. 29--30, '16, i: 384;
Mar. 11, '18, i: 395;
German advance on, '14, ii: 6, iii: 28, vi: 97;
bombarded by long-range gun from St. Gobain Forest,
ii: 154, iii: 88, viii: 45-47;
welcome to Gen. Pershing, June 13, '17, v: 97;
German drive on, May 27--Aug. 6, '18, battles in Marne salient,
v: 129-139, 141, 147;
parade of Allies, July 14, '18, v: 147;
panic in, during German drive, '18, v: 378;
May Day rioting, May, '19, vi: 111.

Paris Conference, 1856, guarantees Turkish power in Europe, i: 39.

"Paris Group," organization of, Medical Department, A. E. F., v: 346.

Pasha Dagh, Australian objective in Gallipoli attack, iii: 170;
_see also_ Gallipoli Campaign.

Pashitch, Nicholas, Premier of Serbia,
negotiations with Italy for settling Adriatic rivalry, vi: 362;
biography, ix: 120.

Passchendaele Ridge, captured by British, Oct.--Nov., '17, ii: 56, 79;
recaptured by Germans, Apr., '18, iii: 377.

Passenheim, Russians defeated at, Aug. 28, '14, i: 375, iii: 116.

Passport frauds, German activities in U. S., i: 314, x: 333.

Patriotic songs, xi: 332-335.

Patrol boats, work in combating submarines, iv: 292.

Patrolling, training A. E. F. in, v: 117.

Patrols, German system of, in the Vosges, v: 26.

Patterson, Miss Hannah J.,
awarded D. S. M. for work on Woman's Committee,
Council of National Defense, xii: 125.

Pau, Gen. Paul,
commands French forces invading Alsace, Aug. 14, '14, iii: 16.

Peace Conference, Paris,
U. S. delegates sail for, Dec. 4, '18, i: 400;
conciliatory attitude of Austrian delegates, vi: 321;
negotiation with Hungarian Soviet, Apr., '19, vi: 326;
Fiume crisis, vi: 366-370, xii: 159;
prestige of Japanese delegation, vi: 388;
dispute over Teschen district, vi: 400;
inside story of, by Thos. W. Lamont,
financial adviser to U. S. delegation, xii: 149-163;
complexity of task, xii: 149;
rapidity of work, xii: 149;
open diplomacy, xii: 149;
Supreme Council, members and method of evolving Peace Treaty,
xii: 150-153;
"Big Four," xii: 150, 152;
"Big Three," xii: 150;
Conference procedure, xii: 156;
commissions, xii: 156;
delays, xii: 156;
language difficulties, xii: 157;
Reparations Commission, organization and work, xii: 158, 219-221;
Shantung controversy, xii: 160;
Germans excluded from negotiation, xii: 161;
Belgian demands, xii: 161;
signing of Peace Treaty with Germany, ceremonies, xii: 165-169;
list of delegates, xii: 179-182;
_see also_ Peace Treaty with Germany, Versailles, '19.

Peace moves, President Wilson asks belligerents
to state war aims, Dec. 18, '16, i: 335;
response to Wilson's note, i: 336;
Wilson's "Peace without victory" speech, i: 336;
Pope Benedict's appeal, Aug. 15, '17, i: 390, ix: 405;
Germany accepts Pope's offer, Sept. 21, '17, i: 390;
text of letter from Emperor Charles of Austria-Hungary
to Prince Sixtus making secret offer of peace, Mar., '17, ii: 63;
German attempts in '16 and '17 fail, ii: 270, 316, vi: 263;
German moves condemned by Ludendorff, ii: 303;
Kaiser orders proposals through Queen of Holland, ii: 331;
Russian Provisional Government urges Allies
to revise peace aims, May, '17, vi: 161;
German Socialists demand peace without annexations, '15, vi: 258;
Bethmann-Hollweg proposes peace of understanding, '16--'17, vi: 262;
German popular demand for
"peace without annexations or indemnities," vi: 266-268;
Emperor Charles forces offer by Teutonic allies, Dec. 12, '16,
vi: 313;
demonstrations in Sofia, vi: 346;
_see also_
Armistice;
and under each country.

Peace Treaty with Germany,
Versailles, '19, criticism by British liberal press, vi: 22;
terms presented to Germans, May 7, '19, vi: 302, xii: 161;
condemned by German press, vi: 302-304;
Germany consents to sign, June 22, '19, vi: 304, xii: 163;
how drafted, described by Thos. W. Lamont,
financial adviser to U. S. delegation, xii: 149-161;
text, work of technicians, xii: 150;
French demands, xii: 153;
evolution of Covenant of League of Nations, xii: 155;
Belgian demands, xii: 161;
ceremonies of signing, xii: 165-169;
analysis by Geo. W. Wickersham, xii: 170-178;
signed June 28, '19, xii: 179;
text in full, xii: 179-263;
preamble, giving list of nations allied against Germany,
and their delegates to Peace Conference, xii: 179-182;
League of Nations, text of Covenant, xii: 182-185;
boundaries of Germany, xii: 186;
provisions concerning Luxemburg, xii: 189;
demolition of German fortifications, xii: 189, 205, 211, 214;
Sarre Basin settlement, xii: 189-194;
Alsace-Lorraine, provisions for return to France, xii: 194-197;
Germany acknowledges independence of Austria, xii: 197;
provisions for independence of Czechoslovak State, xii: 197;
independence and boundaries of Poland, xii: 198-200;
plebiscite for East Prussia, xii: 200;
provisions concerning Memel, xii: 203;
Danzig made free city, xii: 203;
plebiscite provisions for Schleswig, xii: 204;
Heligoland, destruction of fortifications on, xii: 205;
provisions concerning Russo-German relations, xii: 205;
Brest-Litovsk Treaties abrogated, xii: 205;
German colonies surrendered to Allies, xii: 206;
German rights in China surrendered, xii: 206;
German rights in Siam surrendered, xii: 208;
German rights in Liberia surrendered, xii: 208;
German rights in Morocco surrendered, xii: 208;
German rights in Egypt surrendered, xii: 208;
Shantung (Kiau-Chau) transferred to Japan, xii: 209;
reduction of German army and military equipment,
xii: 209, 210, 211, 212;
universal military service abolished in Germany, xii: 211;
new German army, table of organization for, xii: 212;
German navy, surrender and reduction, xii: 212-214;
German wireless stations, regulation by Allies, xii: 214;
German military air service abolished, xii: 214;
existing German air service surrendered to Allies, xii: 215;
Interallied Commissions of Control
to supervise execution of military terms, xii: 215;
repatriation of prisoners of war, xii: 216;
war graves, care of, xii: 217;
punishment of Germans guilty of war crimes, xii: 217;
reparation terms imposed on Germany, xii: 217-225;
Reparation Commission, formation and functions, xii: 219-221;
shipping, restitution for Allied shipping sunk, xii: 222;
reconstruction, German obligations, xii: 223;
coal, German deliveries to France, Belgium, Italy, xii: 224;
dyestuffs, German deliveries to Allies, xii: 224;
submarine cables, German, surrendered to Allies, xii: 225;
trophies of war, return of, to France by Germany, xii: 225;
Koran of Caliph Othman,
return of, by Germany to King of Hedjaz, xii: 225;
Sultan Mkwawa,
skull of, return by Germany to Great Britain, xii: 225;
Louvain, University of,
restoration by Germany of books destroyed, xii: 225;
art objects,
carried by Germans from Belgium, restoration of, xii: 225;
gold, restriction on German export of, xii: 226;
Armies of Occupation,
Allied, in Germany, expense to be borne by Germany, xii: 226;
ceded territories, share in German national debt, xii: 226;
Alsace-Lorraine,
exempt from share in German national debt, xii: 226;
Poland, share in German national debt, xii: 227;
international concessions,
surrender by Germany of rights in, xii: 228;
gold, deliveries of, by Germany to Allies, xii: 228;
customs duties, regulations imposed on Germany, xii: 229;
privileges for Allied shipping to be granted by Germany, xii: 230;
trade competition, Germany to suppress unfair methods, xii: 230;
Allied nationals, treatment of, by Germany, xii: 230;
pre-War treaties between Allies and Germany revived, xii: 231;
treaties among Teutonic allies abrogated, xii: 232;
treaties between Germany and Russia abrogated, xii: 232;
treaties between Germany and Rumania abrogated, xii: 232;
Opium Convention, Jan, 23, '12, put into force, xii: 232;
debts, between German and Allied nationals,
methods of payment, xii: 232-236;
property rights of Allied nationals confiscated by Germany,
methods of restitution, xii: 236-240;
contracts, between German and Allied nationals,
status and methods of discharge, xii: 240-243;
Mixed Arbitral Tribunal, establishment and functions, xii: 243;
literary rights, provisions for re-establishment of, xii: 244-246;
artistic rights, provisions for re-establishment of, xii: 244-246;
industrial rights, provisions for re-establishment of,
xii: 244-246;
ceded territories, social insurance funds of,
to be transferred to Allies by Germany, xii: 246;
aerial navigation, rules for, xii: 246;
freedom of transit,
for Allied goods and nationals through Germany, xii: 247, 253;
ports, Allied, discrimination against,
by Germany forbidden, xii: 247;
navigation, Allied, over German waterways, xii: 247-253;
Elbe, internationalized, xii: 248;
Oder, internationalized, xii: 248;
Niemen, internationalized, xii: 248;
Danube, internationalized, xii: 248;
Rhine, international control and rules for navigation,
xii: 250-253;
use of northern German ports by Czechoslovak State, xii: 253;
German railways, provisions relating to, xii: 253;
Kiel Canal, rules of navigation through, xii: 255;
labor, international organization for improving conditions of,
xii: 255-261;
guarantees for execution, exacted from Germany, xii: 261;
Armies of Occupation, conditions for withdrawal, xii: 261;
Savoy, neutralized zone of, provisions concerning, xii: 262;
German Christian missions, continuity guaranteed, xii: 263;
prize courts, provision concerning decisions of, xii: 263;
signed, June 28, '19, xii: 264;
ratified by Germany, July 10, '19, xii: 264;
ratified by Great Britain, July 25--31, '19, xii: 264;
ratified by King of Italy, Oct. 7, '19, xii: 264;
ratified by France, Oct. 13, '19, xii: 264;
ratified by Japan, Oct. 27, '19, xii: 264;
U. S. Senate opposition to, xii: 264-278;
Fall amendments to, defeated in U. S. Senate, Oct. 2, '19,
xii: 264;
original Lodge reservations defeated in U. S. Senate, Nov. 19, '19,
xii: 265-266;
original Lodge reservations, text, xii: 265;
defeated in U. S. Senate for second time, Mar. 19, '20,
xii: 266-269;
Pres. Wilson's opinion on Lodge reservations, xii: 267;
revised Lodge reservations, text, xii: 269;
efforts of Congress to declare peace
by joint resolution in substitution for, xii: 271-278;
Knox Resolution, xii: 273, 277;
President Wilson's message vetoing Knox Resolution, xii: 278.

Pearce, Padraic,
Provisional President of Irish Republic, vi: 60, ix: 53.

Peck, Pvt. Archie A., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 400.

Penang harbor, attacked by _Emden_, Oct. 28, '14, iv: 178.

People's Relief Committee, for Jewish relief, formation, vii: 354.

Pepper Hill, at Verdun,
attacked by Germans, Apr. 18, '16, iii: 52, 304.

Periscope, description, viii: 165, xi: 245.

Perkins, Pvt. Michael J., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 391.

Permanent Blind Relief War Fund,
organization and activities, vii: 255-259.

Péronne, French objective in Somme battle, iii: 55;
captured by British, Mar. 18, '17, iii: 68.

Péronne-Ham sector, Allied drive on, Sept., '18, ii: 158.

Pershing, Gen. John J.,
offers A. E. F. to Foch, Mar. 28, '18, v: 30, 120, 380, ix: 153;
sails for Europe, May, '17, v: 97;
reception in England, June, '17, v: 97;
reception in France, June, '17, v: 97;
reasons for selection of American Army zone, '18, v: 110;
farewell speech to 1st Div., Chaumont-en-Vixen, Apr., '18, v: 121;
urges attack with A. E. F., July, '18, v: 158;
extract from report on Aisne-Marne Offensive, July, '18, v: 182;
assumes tactical command of American forces in battle area,
v: 192, 384, ix: 205;
extract from report on St. Mihiel attack, v: 212;
starts Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Sept., '18, v: 213;
extract from report on preparation for Meuse-Argonne attack,
v: 218;
divides A. E. F. combat units into two Armies, Oct. 9, '18,
v: 246, 390;
personal message to each soldier in A. E. F., v: 353;
official report on A. E. F., v: 373-404;
appeal to War Dept. for troops, Dec., '17, v: 373;
insists on independent American Army in France, v: 385;
Alsatian ancestry, ix: 166;
origin of name, ix: 166;
biography, ix: 199-210.

Pershing Stadium, vii: 313.

Persia, divided into "spheres of influence"
by Anglo-Russian agreement, '07, i: 104, vi: 335;
sympathy with Turkey, vi: 330;
pro-German sentiment, vi: 336-337;
Great Britain in control, '19, vi: 338.

_Persia, S. S._, British merchantman
sunk in Mediterranean, Dec. 30, '15, i: 384;
eye-witness account, iv: 224.

Peru, dispute with Chile over Tacna-Arica district, vi: 390;
delegate to Peace Conference, xii: 180.

Pétain, Marshal Henri Philippe,
defender of Verdun, ii: 189, iii: 50, 54, 304, xi: 22;
eulogy of, by Gen. Malleterre, ii: 220;
biography, ix: 164-166.

Peter I, King of Serbia,
accompanies his nation in retreat, iii: 281, 284;
reënters Belgrade, Dec. 15, '14, iii: 397;
foreign policy, vi: 355;
biography, ix. 398-399.

Petrograd, food shortage in, vi: 141;
workmen's delegates on War Industrial Committee arrested, vi: 143;
during the Revolution, vi: 144-153.

Petroseny, captured by Rumanians, Sept. 1, '16, i: 386.

Peuvillers, captured by 128th Inf. Regt., Nov. 10, '18, v: 272.

Peyton, Maj.-Gen., British commander in western Egypt, iii: 191.

Pflanzer, Gen. von, Austrian commander in Bukovina, iii: 132.

Philippines, acquired by U. S., i: 56.

Phillipeville, bombarded by _Goeben_, Aug. 4, '14, iv: 14.

Phonotelemeter, description of, viii: 20.

Phosgene (Carbonyl chloride),
use in chemical warfare, v: 321, viii: 168-170;
manufacture of, at U. S. Edgewood Arsenal, viii: 184.

Photography in war, work of U. S. Signal Corps, v: 319;
use in artillery range-finding, viii: 14;
value of aerial photography, viii: 226, 331;
types of aerial cameras, viii: 228, 332-334;
De Ram automatic camera for aerial photography, viii: 228, 333;
work of U. S. aerial photographers, viii: 228, 235;
personnel of Photographic Section, U. S. Air Service, viii: 234;
future, viii: 234;
making pictorial history of War, viii: 329-331;
production of photographic supplies by U. S., viii: 355;
mobile developing laboratories, viii: 335;
_see also_ Aerial photography.

Piave River,
Italian stand at, after Caporetto rout, ii: 58, 250, iii: 248.

Picardy Front, German choice for final drive, '18, ii: 69;
advantages of, for German offensive, '18, ii: 69.

Pichon, Stephen, French Foreign Minister,
speech before Chamber of Deputies
on secret Entente agreements of '16--'17, vi: 334.

Pigeons, war uses, v: 239, 319, viii: 328.

Pike, Lieut.-Col. Emory J., gets Congressional Medal of Honor,
x: 400.

Pill-boxes, description, iii: 79, viii: 130;
battle tactics in use of, viii: 130-133.

Pilsudski, Gen. Joseph, leads Polish troops against Russia, vi: 202;
jailed by Germans, vi: 214;
assumes dictatorship of Poland, vi: 219;
dictatorship not recognized by Allies, vi: 222;
Minister of Foreign Affairs in Paderewski cabinet, vi: 223;
becomes president of Polish Republic, vi: 225;
biography, ix: 92-95.

Pirot, occupied by Bulgars, Oct. 28, '15, i: 382.

Pistols, Schwarzlose automatic pistol, mechanism, viii: 90;
use as military weapon, viii: 116-117.

"Place in the sun," speech by Kaiser, '01, i: 95;
definition of phrase, ii: 27;
German control of Balkans as means of attaining, ii: 27.

Plava, captured by Italians June 10, '15, i: 380, iii: 244.

_Players, The_, poem by Francis Bickley, ix: 290.

Pleinchamps Farm, captured by 28th Div., Oct. 4, '18, v: 239.

Ploechti, captured by Germans, Dec. 6, '16, iii: 222.

Plumer, Gen. Sir Herbert, commander of British Second Army, ii: 214;
a great military chief, iii: 375;
offensive in Flanders, Sept., '18, v: 213.

Plunkett, Rear-Adm. Chas. P.,
commander of U. S. Naval Railway Batteries on Western Front,
v: 306, viii: 45.

Plunkett, Sir Horace,
Irish leader, chairman of Irish Convention, '18, vi: 62.

Plymouth, England, U. S. subchaser base, iv: 359.

Poincaré, Raymond, President of French Republic, biography,
ix: 14-19;
bibliography, ix: 19.

_Points d'Appui_, definition, v: 13.

Pola, Italian naval raid on, Nov. 2, '16, iv: 369;
Italians sink Austrian dreadnought at, May 14, '18, iv: 372;
Austrian dreadnought _Viribus Unitis_ blown up
by Italians at, Nov. 1, '18, x: 297-303.

Poland, topography, iii: 106-108;
German invasion of, and unsuccessful attacks on Warsaw,
Sept., '14--Feb., '15, iii: 116-118, 124-127, 128-132;
Austrian invasion of, iii: 118-120;
conquered by Austro-German forces, July--Sept., '15,
iii: 137-141, vi: 311;
battle of the Salients, July, '15, iii: 138;
Warsaw captured by Germans, Aug. 4, '15, iii: 138;
civilian deaths due to war-time privation, iii: 406;
early history and pre-War condition, vi: 201;
Russian promise of autonomy, '14, vi: 201;
Austrian Poles support Central Powers, vi: 202;
Poles under Pilsudski fight against Russia, vi: 202;
war-time destitution in, vi: 204-210;
German reforms in, vi: 208;
German policy, vi: 210-213;
Germany promises reëstablishment of Polish Kingdom, Nov. 5, '16,
vi: 210;
Germany demands Polish troops, vi: 213;
freed by Russian Revolution, vi: 213;
Germany sets up Regency, vi: 214;
denied representation at Brest-Litovsk by Germany, vi: 214;
revolt against Teuton domination, '18, vi: 216;
capture of Lemberg from Ruthenians, Nov. 5, '18, vi: 217;
proclamation of Republic, vi: 218-219;
Pilsudski becomes dictator, Nov., '18, vi: 219;
Germans expelled, Dec., '18, vi: 220;
political struggle between classes, vi: 220;
Conservatives support Paderewski, vi: 220;
Warsaw Revolt against Pilsudski fails, vi: 220-222;
war against Bolsheviki, vi: 222-224;
war with Ukraine over Cholm, vi: 222, 248;
dispute with Czechs over Teschen, vi: 222, 400;
compromise cabinet of Paderewski and Pilsudski, Feb. 9, '19,
vi: 223;
Provisional Government recognized by Allies, Feb., '19, vi: 225;
Pilsudski elected President, vi: 225;
claims for Danzig, vi: 225;
Peace Treaty provisions for independence and boundaries of,
vi: 226, xii: 18-200;
American war relief for Jews in, vii: 356-358, 360-363, 375;
value of property loss, xii: 26;
Peace Conference delegates, xii: 180;
share in German national debt, Peace Treaty provisions, xii: 227;
area and population, xii: 279.

Political parties, _see_ under countries.

_Pommern_, German battleship
torpedoed by British submarine _E-9_, July 2, '15, iv: 208.

Pont-à-Mousson, on Toul-St. Mihiel sector, v: 65, 116, 119.

Pontoons, viii: 299-300.

_Pontoporros_, auxiliary to German raider _Emden_, iv: 172.

Pope, _see_ Benedict XV.

Pope, Corp. Thomas A., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 397;

Poperinghe line,
British-American line of defense in Flanders, v: 287, 289.

Population, decrease in births due to War, iii: 406;
effects of War on, xii: 25.

Port Arthur, seized by Russia from China, i: 20;
acquired by Japan, i: 20;
11-in. siege guns first used by Japanese at, viii: 34.

Ports, French, selected for A. E. F. use, '18, v: 110;
Allied, Peace Treaty provisions against discrimination by Germany,
xii: 247.

Portugal, international position in '14, i: 62;
rout of army before German offensive, Apr., '18,
ii: 153, iii: 91, vi: 374;
war casualties, iii: 404, v: 364;
prisoners of war, iii: 404;
internal strife, vi: 372-375;
enters War as British ally, vi: 373;
President Paës assassinated, Dec. '18, vi: 374;
Royalist uprising suppressed, '19, vi: 375;
money equivalent of man-power lost, xii: 25;
Peace Conference delegates, xii: 180.

Posen, revolt of Polish population against Germany, vi: 225;
awarded to Poland by Peace Conference, vi: 226.

Potash, German boycott of U. S., xii: 98.

Potatoes, world production by countries, xii: 47;
as food, xii: 47;
German system of drying and crushing, xii: 47.

Potsdam Conference of German war leaders, July 5, '14, i: 136;
decision for war, i: 249.

Potts, Pvt. Frederick, wins Victoria Cross at Gallipoli, x: 138.

Powder, _see_ Ammunition.

Power plants, built by A. E. F. Engineer Corps, v: 333.

Pozières, captured by British in Somme battle, iii: 58.

Prague,
meeting of Czechoslovak representatives at, Apr. 2, '18, vi: 398.

Prauthory, Haute-Marne, headquarters, 32nd Div., Feb., '18, v: 119.

_President Lincoln_, U. S. transport
sunk, May 31, '18, i: 395, iv: 337;
eye-witness account, iv: 340.

Press:
Austria-Hungary, _Tageblatt_ demands war, '14, vi: 306;
Hungarian journals support war, vi: 307;
_Pester Lloyd_ for war, '14, vi: 308;
_Oesterreichische Rundschau_ attacks Italy, '15, vi: 310;
_Vossische Zeitung_ on strikes, Jan., '18, vi: 314;
_Arbeiter Zeitung_, radical organ, vi: 315;
_Arbeiter Zeitung_ on peace terms, vi: 322;
_Has Haroda_ on Czech loyalty, '14, vi: 396.
Bulgaria, statement against Russia by _Kambana_, June, '15,
vi: 342.
Germany, _Militärische Rundschau_ advocates immediate war, '14,
vi: 249;
Socialist organ _Vorwärts_ supports Kaiser, vi: 249;
_Liller Kriegszeitung_ preaches hate of England, vi: 252;
optimistic attitude of _Frankfurter Zeitung_, Nov., '14,
vi: 253;
Maximilian Harden ridicules in _Zukunft_ talk
of German starvation, vi: 254;
alarm over prospects of starvation, '15, vi: 255;
submarine warfare urged, vi: 256, 265;
on German successes, '15, vi: 258;
_Vorwärts_ demands statement of peace aims, vi: 258;
_Frankfurter Zeitung_ on seriousness
of Allied blockade, '15--'16, vi: 261;
_Vorwärts_ on food shortage, vi: 261;
demand war to finish, '17, vi: 264;
gospel of hate against England, vi: 264-265;
_Taglische Rundschau_
on German demoralization, Dec., '18, vi: 284;
_Vorwärts_ on industrial unrest, Dec., '18, vi: 286;
comments on Ebert as President, vi: 293;
on peace terms, vi: 302-304;
Maximilian Harden on peace terms, vi: 303.
Great Britain, condemns Dutch neutrality, vi: 376.
Italy, _Corriere della Sera_ and _Secolo_
advocate conciliation with Jugoslavs, vi: 362.
Serbia, expressions of hatred for Austria-Hungary
by _Politika_, _Mali Journal_, _Balkan_, _Zastava_, vi: 356;
_Samouprava_ denounces Italian treaty, '15, vi: 361.
Turkey, _Ikdam_ for war, vi: 330;
_Tanine_ on Dardanelles expedition vi: 330;
_Hillal_ acclaims victory, '15, vi: 331.
United States, attitude on U. S. neutrality, i: 308;
on _Lusitania_ sinking, i: 319;
on _Arabic_ torpedoing, i: 322;
on German indemnity, xii: 24.

Pressel, Dr. Wilhelm von,
builds first spur of Bagdad railway, 1871, ii: 291.

Pressure gauges, on airplanes, viii: 220.

"Preventive arrests,"
for suppressing pacifist agitation in Germany, vi: 262.

Prices,
analysis of, by Prof. Irving Fisher, xii: _Intro. vii-xvii_;
high cost of living as result of War, xii: _Intro. vii_, 143;
index numbers, xii: _Intro. vii_;
rise in U. S., '13--'19, xii: _Intro. vii-viii_;
influence of unsecured paper money on, xii: _Intro. viii_;
chart of price movements in U. S. and England since 1780,
xii: _Intro. viii_;
before and after great wars of history, xii: _Intro. ix_;
percent. rise in warring countries, xii: _Intro. x_;
present high level not due to scarcity, xii: _Intro. x_;
inflation as cause of high prices, xii: _Intro. xii_, 27;
countries arranged in order of high prices,
xii: _Intro. xii-xiii_;
extent of currency inflation, xii: _Intro. xiii_;
high cost of living as breeder of Bolshevism,
xii: _Intro. xiii-xiv_;
purchasing power of wages, '13--'18, xii: _Intro. xiv_;
remedies for high cost of living, xii: _Intro. xiv-xv_;
standardized dollar as remedy for fluctuation in,
xii: _Intro. xv_;
effect of wars on, xii: 27;
reduced production as cause of high prices, xii: 27, 38-40;
"fair price" lists, xii: 54;
rise in U. S., '14--'18, xii: 56-59;
present, compared with Civil War days, xii: 57, 75;
effects of government control in Great Britain, xii: 59;
government control in U. S., xii: 59;
_see also_ Cost of living, under name of country.

Prilep, captured by Bulgars, Nov. 17, '15, i: 382;
occupied by Allies, Sept. 26, '18, i: 397.

Primers, composition and explosive properties, viii: 6.

_Prince George_, British battleship at Gallipoli, iv: 33.

Prince, Norman, member Lafayette Escadrille, death, iii: 391.

Princes' Island, conference of Russian factions at, fails, vi: 188.

_Princess Royal_, British cruiser, in Battle of Jutland, iv: 108;
in battle of Dogger Bank, iv: 246.

_Principles of War_, treatise by Marshal Foch,
ii: 80, 104, ix: 152.

_Prinz Eitel Friedrich_, German raider,
puts into Hampton Roads for repairs, Mar. 10, '15, i: 378;
interned by U. S., Apr. 7, '15, i: 378.

Priority system, among U. S. industries during War, xii: 73-75.

Pripet marshes, Russian offensive against Austria, June, '16, ii: 42;
description, iii: 108.

Prisoners of war, classified by countries, iii: 404;
work of Swiss Red Cross for, vi: 380;
work of American Y. M. C. A. for, vii: 302-310;
Crown Princess of Sweden's work for, vii: 308;
Peace Treaty provisions for repatriation of, xii: 216.
Austria-Hungary, captured by Serbs, description of, iii: 395;
humane treatment by Serbs, iii: 400;
total lost in War, iii: 404.
French, diary describing life in German prison, iii: 300;
total lost in War, iii: 404.
German, captured in Somme battle, iii: 60;
in battle of Cambrai, iii: 82;
in St. Mihiel drive, iii: 99, v: 71, 207;
during Allied drive, July--Nov., '18, iii: 103;
total in War, iii: 404;
at Cantigny, v: 33;
taken by A. E. F. in Marne salient, July, '18, v: 56;
first capture by A. E. F., v: 113;
clothed by U. S. Salvage Service, v: 331;
captured in Meuse-Argonne Offensive, v: 394;
total captured by A. E. F., xii: 288.
Russian, sufferings of, in German prison camp, iii: 300;
total lost in War, iii: 404.
Turkish, captured by British in Palestine campaign,
ii: 94, iii: 199;
total lost in War, iii: 404.
United States, first captured by Germans, iii: 84;
total lost in War, iii: 404;
work of American Red Cross for, vii: 37-39, 71.
_See also_
under battle or campaign;
countries.

Prize courts, Peace Treaty provision for decisions of, xii: 263.

Profiteering, xii: 55;
U. S. meat-packers' profits before and during War, xii: 56.

Prohibition, U. S. war-time act passed, July 7, '17, i: 390;
Russian government forbids sale of vodka, iii: 265, vi: 135;
voluntary abstention urged in England by Lloyd George, '14, vi: 2-3;
use of vodka substitutes in Russia, vi: 138;
imposed by Bela Kun's government in Hungary, vi: 325.

Propaganda, _see_
Allies;
Germany.

Property rights, of Allied nationals confiscated by Germany,
Peace Treaty provisions for restitution of, xii: 236-240.

Protopopoff, Russian Minister of Interior,
in German employ, ii: 59, vi: 143;
causes Rumanian entry into War for German interest, ii: 59;
gains power at court through Rasputin, vi: 143;
reactionary policy, vi: 143;
surrenders to Duma during Revolution, March, '17, vi: 153.

_Provence II_, French cruiser
sunk by U-boat, Feb. 26, '16, iv: 376.

Pruitt, Corp. John H., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 390.

Prussia, war with Denmark, 1864, i: _Intro. vii_, 41;
autocratic form of government, i: 29;
assumes leadership of German states under Bismarck, i: 40;
population in 1860, i: 40;
Seven Weeks' War against Austria, 1866, i: 41;
representation in Imperial Bundesrat, ii: 71;
traditional policy of force, i: 150;
controlling share in government of German Empire, i: 156;
King of, powers as German Emperor, i: 156;
relations with Great Britain, stages in evolution of, i: 168;
Prussianization of Germany, i: 258;
plan of imperial development, ii: 1;
_see also_ Germany.

Przasnyz, captured by Germans, Feb. 24, '15, i: 378, iii: 131;
recaptured by Russians, Feb. 27, '15, i: 378.

Przemysl, invested by Russians, Sept. 16, '14, i: 376, iii: 123-124;
Russians forced to raise siege, Oct. 12, '14, i: 376, iii: 125;
reinvested by Russians, Nov. 12, '14, i: 376, iii: 127, xi: 16;
captured by Russians, Mar. 22--23, '15,
i: 378, iii: 134, 292-293, xi: 16;
number of Austrians surrendering, i: 378, iii: 134, 293;
recaptured by Austro-German forces, June 1--2, '15,
i: 380, ii: 234, iii: 136.

Pskov, captured by Germans, Feb. 24, '18, i: 393.

Psychological tests, for gauging intelligence of army recruits,
vii: 216, viii: 349-351.

Psycho-physiological tests,
for determining fitness of recruits for specific duties,
viii: 351-356.

Putnik, Field-Marshal, Commander-in-Chief of Serbian army, iii: 150.

Pys, evacuated by Germans, Feb. 24, '17, iii: 64.

Q

"Q" ships, British decoys for U-boats, iv: 296.

Quebec, not enthusiastic for War, vi: 26;
failure of recruiting among French-Canadians, vi: 30;
move for secession from Dominion, vi: 33, 36;
Draft Boards defeat conscription by blanket exemptions, vi: 36;
draft riots, vi: 36;
_see also_ Canada.

_Queen_, British battleship at Dardanelles, iv: 33.

_Queen Elizabeth_,
British dreadnought at Dardanelles, ii: _Intro. xv_, iv: 31.

_Queen Mary_, British cruiser blown up at Jutland, iv: 110, 258;
in battle of Heligoland Bight, iv: 241.

Queenstown, Ireland,
base for U. S. destroyer and subchaser detachment, iv: 357.

Quennemont Farm, strong point on Hindenburg Line, v: 290.

Quien, Gaston, betrayer of Edith Cavell, x: 352.

Quinn, Jim, citation for D. S. C., July 18, '18, v: 171.

R

_R-34_, British dirigible, crosses Atlantic, viii: 245;
similarity to Zeppelin, viii: 254.

Races, European rivalries, i: 21.

Rada, Central Council of Ukraine,
formed after Russian revolution, vi: 243.

Radio, _see_ Wireless.

Radoslavov, Vassil, Bulgarian Premier,
heads patriotic organization, _Narodni Savetz_, vi: 341;
statement of Bulgarian war demands, vi: 341;
German sympathies, vi: 343;
resigns, June 17, '18, vi: 346.

Raemakers, Louis, Dutch cartoonist of the War, ix: 190.

Rafa, Turks defeated by British at, Jan., '17, iii: 192.

Raids, _see_
Air raids;
Naval raids.

Raikes, Lieut.-Com. Robert H. T.,
commander of British submarine _E-54_,
battle with German U-boats, iv: 212.

Railroads, German ambition for Calais-Persia route, ii: 2;
Russian military, iii: 105;
Petrograd-Berlin, iii: 111;
Transylvanian, cut by Rumanians, iii: 218;
Orsova, taken by Germans in Wallachian campaign, iii: 221;
Cernavoda-Constanza, captured by Teuton allies, Oct., '16, iii, 221;
in Trentino, iii: 230;
in Isonzo sector, iii: 239;
in Uganda, iii: 255;
in Transcaucasia, iii: 260;
number of troop trains needed to move a U. S. division, v: 20;
French, available for A. E. F. use, v: 110;
St. Mihiel-Metz, cut, Sept. 12, '18, v: 206;
German lines of communication in occupied territory, v: 215;
Mézières-Sedan, key to German lines of communication
on Western Front, v: 216, 387;
built by Engineer Corps, A. E. F., in France,
v: 333, 334, 403, xii: 283;
equipment sent to France from U. S., v: 403, xii: 95, 286;
war functions, viii: 283;
collapse of Russian system, under war stress, viii: 283;
work of German railroads during War, viii: 283-285;
narrow-gauge, at the front, viii: 302;
_see also_ Bagdad Railway.

Railway Artillery Reserve, U. S., formation, v: 305;
units composing, v: 305;
engagements on Western Front, v: 306-308;
_see also_ U. S. Army, Artillery.

Rainbow (42nd) Division, _see_ U. S., Army.

Rambucourt, on Toul sector, v: 116.

Ramscappelle, German success at, Oct. 30, '14, iii: 40.

_Ramsey_, British patrol boat,
sunk by German auxiliary cruiser _Meteor_, iv, 197.

Ramsgate, bombarded by German destroyers, Nov. 25, '16, i: 389.

Range-finder, telescopic, structure and use of, viii: 9.

Range-finding, _see_
Artillery;
Hydrophones;
Microphone;
Phonotelemeter.

Rapallo Conference, iii: 84.

Rappes, Bois des, captured by 3rd Div., Oct., '18, v: 85.

Rasputin, Gregory, influence over Czarina and Russian court, vi: 141;
assassinated, '16, vi: 141;
influence places Protopopov in power, vi: 143;
biography, ix: 345-347.

Ravaruska, Russian success in battle of, Sept. 4--10, '14, iii: 122;
captured by Austro-German forces, June 20, '15, iii: 136.

Rawlinson, Gen., commander of British Fourth Army, ii: 214, iii: 371.

Raynal, Major, defender of Fort Vaux, iii: 55, 313.

Read, Maj.-Gen. George W., commander, 30th Div., June, '18, v: 146;
commands 2nd Corps, v: 290, 382, 394;
biography, ix: 223-224.

Read, Lieut.-Com.,
pilots _N-C-4_, first airplane across Atlantic, viii: 240.

Rebais, Germans beaten back at, in first Marne battle, iii: 32.

Reconstruction of devastated war areas,
German obligations under Peace Treaty, xii: 223.

Reconstruction of disabled,
American help for vocational training of French disabled,
vii: 79, 92-95;
program of European belligerents, vii: 175;
in U. S. Army, vii: 175-186, 210-216, 222, 233-239;
importance of first aid, vii: 178;
treatment of shell-shock, vii: 179;
percent. of injured returned to service, vii: 180;
system of vocational training for U. S. service men,
vii: 180-182, 210-216, 236-239;
educational personnel for training of U. S. service men,
vii: 180, 185;
care of blinded U. S. service men, vii: 182, 213;
correcting speech defects in U. S. military hospitals,
vii: 182, 213;
work of U. S. dental officers, vii: 210;
in civilian industries, vii: 240-245;
mechanical treatments for injured limbs, viii: 381-384;
artificial arms for war cripples, viii: 384-388;
artificial legs for war cripples, viii: 388-390;
remaking shell-torn faces, viii: 390;
artificial eyes for war blind, viii: 391;
_see also_
Medical science;
Surgery.

Recouly, Raymond, account of first Marne battle, ii: 182-186;
account of Verdun battle, ii: 186-189.

Recreation, for service men, _see_
Entertainment;
Sports.

Recruiting, _see_ under country.

Red Army, in Russia, organized by Trotzky, vi: 185;
in Munich, raised by Munich Soviet, vi: 300;
in Hungary, under Communist Government, vi: 326.

Red Cross:
American, relief work in Italy, ii: 250, vii: 42, 82;
Henry P. Davison, Chairman of War Council, vii: 1;
war-time activities, summary, vii: 1;
amount of contributions to, vii: 1;
increase in membership, vii: 1;
personnel in France, vii: 1;
Clara Barton, mother of, vii: 12;
peace time activities, vii: 14;
war organization, vii: 15-27;
raising war funds, vii: 15-27;
total relief expenditures, vii: 27;
range of activities, vii: 29;
location of base hospitals, vii: 30;
location of ambulance companies, vii: 30-31;
sanitary service, vii: 31-32;
nursing personnel, vii: 33;
canteen service, vii: 33, 42, 47-49, 54, 57;
auxiliary activities for service men's comfort, vii: 34;
recruiting services of nation's womanhood, vii: 34;
home service work, vii: 35;
services abroad, vii: 35-40;
hospital work in France, vii: 37, 45;
work for American prisoners in Germany, vii: 37-39, 71;
relief activities in England, vii: 40, 45;
with the Navy, vii: 41;
relief work among belligerents during U. S. neutrality,
vii: 43-46;
hospital work in Germany, vii: 45;
hospital work in Austria-Hungary, vii: 45;
relief for Serbia, vii: 45, 84;
stories of overseas service with fighting men, vii: 47-72;
work for wounded, vii: 49-54, 56, 60-64;
ambulance service at the front, vii: 49-51;
tales of wounded, vii: 51-54;
hotels for service men in Paris, vii: 54;
supplying delicacies to wounded, vii: 56;
huts, vii: 59;
entertainment, vii: 60;
as bureau of information, vii: 62-64;
helping doughboys shop in France, vii: 64;
department store for overseas service men, vii: 66;
production of surgical dressings, vii: 67;
production of nitrous oxide, vii: 68;
baths and laundries behind the lines, vii: 70;
Children's Bureau, activities for welfare of child war sufferers,
vii: 72, 76-79, xi: 85-90;
relief among Allied civilians, vii: 73-85;
relief among French refugees, vii: 73;
fight against tuberculosis in France, vii: 75;
education of French disabled, vii: 79;
relief for Belgian refugees, vii: 82;
relief in Rumania, vii: 84;
work in Palestine, vii: 84;
Institute for the Blind, vii: 259;
letters of appreciation from refugee children, xi: 60;
Junior American Red Cross, activities, xi: 90-93;
help by Boy Scouts, xi: 108;
letter from "Chinese citizen boy," xi: 179.
International, in Switzerland, vi: 380;
World League of, vii: 3;
history of development, vii: 4-14;
Florence Nightingale, first field nurse, vii: 11;
U. S. becomes member, vii: 14.

_Red Cross Nurse_, poem by Edith Thomas, vii: 279.

"Red Monday," during Russian Revolution, Mar. 12, '17, vi: 150.

"Red Week," rioting during, in Italy, June, '14, vi: 114.

"Reds," _see_ Bolshevism.

Reeves, Col. Ira L.,
military superintendent, A. E. F. University at Beaune, vii: 283.

Refrigerating plants, constructed by A. E. F. in France, v: 403.

Refugees, _see_ War relief.

Regan, 2nd Lieut. Patrick, gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 395.

Reichstag, German, limitations as legislative body, i: 71;
composition and powers, i: 156.

Reims (Rheims), abandoned by Allies, Aug. 28, '14, i: 375;
re-occupied by French, Sept. 15, '14, i: 376;
Cathedral bombarded by Germans, iii: 74, vi: 97;
attacked by Crown Prince, June, '18, iii: 95;
description of surrounding country, v: 43;
gateway between Germany and France, v: 215.

_Reiter's Morganlied_, German air, xi: 335.

Relief, _see_ War relief.

Religion, diversity of, obstacle to world federation, i: 25;
work of Y. M. C. A. with troops overseas, vii: 283-285.

Remington self-loading rifle, description, viii: 89;
_see also_ Rifles.

Remonville, location, v: 217;
captured by 89th Div., Nov. 1, '18, v: 262.

Remounts, construction of depots for, by A. E. F., v: 333;
procuring of, for A. E. F., v: 399.

Renault tank, description, viii: 156;
_see also_ Tanks.

Rennenkampf, Gen.,
commander of Russian forces invading East Prussia, '14,
ii: 24, 227, iii: 110;
driven out of East Prussia by Hindenburg, ii: 25, 229, iii: 116;
Ludendorff's account of retreat, ii: 355;
_see also_
East Prussia;
Tannenberg, battle of.

Renner, Dr., becomes Austrian Chancellor, '19, vi: 319;
Bolshevik uprising against, vi: 321;
conciliatory attitude at Peace Conference, vi: 321.

Renwick, George, description of Munich under Red Terror, vi: 301.

Repair shops, U. S. Ordnance, in France, v: 350.

Reparation, by Germany, Peace Treaty provisions, xii: 217-225.

Reparation Commission, formation and functions, xii: 158, 219-221.

Repatriés, returned French exiles, xi: 75.

Repington, Colonel,
military correspondent of _London Times_,
exposes British shell shortage, May, '15, ii: 174.

Replacement system, plan for A. E. F., '17, v: 102, 399.

Respirators, number issued by U. S. Army, v: 324;
utility as defense against poison gas, viii: 174-178;
_see also_ Chemical warfare.

Responsibility for the War, _see_ Germany,
Responsibility for War.

Retreats, famous examples of, in history, iii: 280.

_Return, The_, poem by John Freeman, ix: 331.

Reval, seized by Germans, Feb. 24, '18, i: 393.

Reventlow, Count Ernst Zu,
condemnation of democratic rule in Germany, vi: 284.

Reville, taken by 5th Div., Nov. 8, '18, v: 272.

Revolver, use as military weapon, viii: 117.

Reynolds, Col. C. R., Chief Surgeon, Second Army, v: 346.

Rheims, _see_ Reims.

Rhine River, French strategy in regard to, ii: 8;
German fortifications on, Peace Treaty provisions concerning,
xii: 189;
Peace Treaty provisions for international control and navigation,
xii: 250-253.

Ribot, Alexandre, succeeds Briand as French Premier, '17, vi: 103.

Rice, Brig.-Gen. John H., Chief Ordnance Officer, A. E. F., v: 350.

Richthofen, Capt. Baron Manfred Freiherr von,
career as aviator, x: 253-255.

Rickenbacker, Capt. Eddie, career as aviator, x: 259-264.

Rieka, Slav name of Fiume, vi: 365.

Rifles,
type used by A. E. F., description and reasons for adoption,
v: 347, viii: 96, 102-105;
U. S. production figures, v: 347, xii: 284;
types, viii: 84, 88-105;
Browning automatic, viii: 84;
automatic, difference from machine-gun, viii: 88;
importance of rapid fire, viii: 88;
self-loading, compared with machine-gun, viii: 88;
principal self-loading types, viii: 89-91;
Remington, viii: 89;
Sjorgen, viii: 89;
Winchester, viii: 89;
rifle fire and artillery compared, viii: 92;
range of military rifle, viii: 92;
"danger zone" in rifle fire, viii: 93;
advantages of sharp-nosed bullet, viii: 93;
comparison to gas engine, viii: 94;
British service rifles, description, viii: 95;
Lee type, viii: 95;
Enfield-M type, viii: 95;
French service rifle, description, viii: 95;
German Mauser, description, viii: 95;
sighting devices, viii: 96-102;
definition of "bore," viii: 111;
definition and purpose of "rifling," viii: 111.

Rifle lights, viii: 75.

"Rifling" of gun, definition and purpose, viii: 111-112.

Riga, occupied by Germans, Sept. 3, '17, i: 390, iii: 147, iv: 136.

Riga, Gulf of, description, iv: 136-137;
German naval operations in, '15--'17, iv: 137-138;
battle of, and capture of dominating islands by Germans,
Oct. 12--18, '17, iv: 137-138.

Rintelen, Capt. Franz von, German agent in U. S., i: 315.

Ritchings, Lieut.-Col. Arthur,
rise from constable to lieutenant-colonel, x: 378.

_River Clyde_, British transport at Gallipoli, iii: 168, iv: 39.

Riviera, A. E. F. leave area, Y. M. C. A. work in, vii: 269.

Rizzo, Commander Luigi,
sinks Austrian battleships in motor-boat attack, iv: 370;
sinks Austrian battleships, _Wien_ and _Monarch_,
in Trieste harbor, x: 290.

_Road to France, The_, poem by Daniel M. Henderson, vi: 131.

Roads, construction by A. E. F. in France, v: 334, 403.

Robb, 1st Lieut. George S., gets Congressional Medal of Honor, x: 402.

Robeck, Vice-Adm. de,
succeeds Vice-Adm. Carden in command
of Allied fleet at Gallipoli, iv: 32.

Roberts, Lieut. E. M., record as aviator, x: 249-252.

Roberts, Corp. Harold W.,
American tank driver, wins Congressional Medal of Honor,
x: 402, xi: 386.

Robertson, Gen. Sir William,
appointed British Chief of General Staff, ii: _Intro. xviii_;
biography, ix: 184-186.

Rockenbach, Brig.-Gen. Samuel D., commander U. S. Tank Corps, v: 314.

Rockwell, Kiffin,
member of Lafayette Escadrille, killed in Vosges, iii: 391.

Rodman, Admiral, biography, ix: 293-295.

Rodzianko, Michael V., President of Russian Duma, vi: 150.

Rogers, Maj.-Gen. H. L., Chief Quartermaster of A. E. F., v: 332.

Rohrbach, Paul, German publicist, on Anglo-German rivalry, vi: 251.

Romagne, captured by 32nd Div., Oct. 14, '18. v: 250.

Romagne-sous-Montfaucon, American cemetery at, v: 403.

Romani, Turks defeated by British at, Aug., '16, iii: 192.

Romanoffs, _see_
Nicholas II;
Russia, Royal family.

Romorantin, U. S., aircraft plant at, v: 313.

Ronchères, captured by 3rd Div., July 28, '18, v: 188.

Roosevelt, Capt. Archie, war record, x: 238.

Roosevelt, Capt. Kermit, war record, x: 241.

Roosevelt, Lieut. Quentin, record as aviator, x: 241-249;
killed in air fight, x: 245-249.

Roosevelt, Theodore, fight against "big business," i: 293;
against U. S. neutrality, i: 299;
temperament contrasted with that of Pres. Wilson, i: 299;
probable course of action if President during War, i: 302;
pro-German sentiments in '14, i: 309;
statement on _Lusitania_ sinking, i: 320;
statement on universal military training, Nov., '15, i: 326;
attacks Pres. Wilson's note asking
belligerents for statement of war aims, i: 337.

Roosevelt, Lieut.-Col. Theodore, Jr.,
commands 26th Inf. at Cantigny, May 28, '18, v: 126;
at Sedan, Nov. 7, '18, v: 269;
war record, x: 241.

Roosevelt, Mrs. Theodore, Jr., "Y" worker in Bordeaux, vii: 267;
in charge of Aix-les-Bains leave area, vii: 269.

Root-Takahira agreement, '08, i: 57.

Rosenwald, Julius, member,
Advisory Commission of U. S. Council of National Defense, xii: 116.

Rossetti, Lieut.-Col. R.,
sinks Austrian warship _Viribus Unitis_ in Pola harbor,
x: 297-303.

Rosyth, advance base for British battle cruisers, iv: 91, 94;
meeting place for arranging surrender of German fleet, iv: 384.

Roulers, German base in France, ii: 86.

Rowlatt, Justice, author of "Black Cobra Bill" of India, '18, vi: 78.

Royal Air Force, British, _see_ Great Britain, Air Service.

_Royal Edward_, British transport sunk, Aug. 13, '15, i: 381.

Royal families, _see_ country.

Roye, captured by Allies, Aug. 27, '18, i: 397, ii: 157.

Rozyshche, captured by Russians, June, '16, iii: 144.

Rue, training area for 27th Div., '18, v: 286.

Ruggles orientator, for testing aviators, viii: 356-358.

Ruhleben, German prison camp, American "Y" work at, vii: 303.

_Rule Britannia_, British patriotic song, xi: 333.

Rumania, gains independence from Turkey, i: 92;
intervention in Second Balkan War, '13, i: 206;
declares war on Austria-Hungary, Aug. 27, '16, i: 386;
Germany declares war on, Aug. 28, '16, i: 386;
Turkey declares war on, Aug. 29, '16, i: 386;
Bulgaria declares war on, Sept. 1, '16, i: 386;
reasons for entry into War, ii: 59, iii: 214, vi: 348-349;
betrayed by Russia, ii: 59, iii: 221, vi: 349;
natural resources, ii: 59;
invades Transylvania, ii: 60, iii: 217, vi: 313, xi: 28;
conquered by Teuton forces under Mackensen and Falkenhayn,
ii: 60, iii: 218-224, vi: 349, xi: 29;
topography, iii, 214;
failure of Allied support, iii: 214;
army, training and equipment, iii: 215;
strategy of campaigns, iii: 216;
Bucharest captured by Germans, Dec. 6, '16, iii: 222;
government moved to Jassy, Nov., '16, iii: 223, vi: 349;
prisoners of war, iii: 404;
total casualties, iii: 404, vi: 353, xii: 289;
civilian deaths from disease and famine, iii: 405;
attacks Hungarian republic, '19, vi: 326;
race problems, vi: 348;
policy of neutrality, vi: 348;
secret treaty with Allies as war price, iii: 349;
suffering under Teuton invasion, vi: 349, 353;
struggle with Russian Bolsheviki in Bessarabia, vi: 350-352;
signs peace treaty with Central Powers, May 7, '17, vi: 352;
peace terms imposed by Germany, vi: 352;
conditions after armistice, Nov., '18, vi: 353;
royal family, ix: 399-402;
debt to U. S., xii: 18;
money equivalent of man-power lost, xii: 25;
value of property loss, xii: 26;
war cost, Aug., '16--Oct., '18, xii: 107;
rise in national debt, xii: 114;
Peace Conference delegates, xii: 180;
former treaties with Germany abrogated by Treaty of Versailles,
xii: 232;
area, '19, xii: 279;
population, '19, xii: 279.

_Rumania_, poem by George Edward Woodberry, vi: 347.

Rumanian National Hymn, xi: 329.

Rumanian Relief Committee of America, vii: 109.

Rumeli Medjidieh Battery, Fort at Gallipoli, iv: 45;
bombarded by Allied fleet, iv: 45.

Rupel, Greek fortress, seized by Bulgars, May, '16, iii: 207.

_Rupert Brooke_, poem by Moray Dalton, vii: 285.

Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria, army commands, iii: 10, 61.

Ruroede, Carl, leader in German passport frauds in U. S., x: 333.

Russell, Bertrand, British philosopher,
dismissed from Cambridge University
for supporting conscientious objectors, vi: 8;
on effects of War, vi: 11.

_Russell_, British battleship
sunk in Mediterranean, Apr. 27, '16, i: 385.

Russia:
Army, mobilization, July 31, '14, i: 375, iii: 264;
German estimate of effectiveness, ii: 4;
man-power available, ii: 27;
lack of resources to equip manpower, ii: 27-28;
shortage of ammunition, ii: 231, iii: 264;
machine-gun equipment, ii: 232;
artillery equipment deficient, ii: 232;
collapse of, ii: 340 (Ludendorff on),
iii: 146, 267-270 (Gen. Denikin's report), v: 113, vi: 157, 164;
organization and strength, iii: 104;
weaknesses, iii: 105;
Czar takes personal command, Sept. 8, '16, iii: 140;
leading commanders pledge support to Republican Government,
Mar., '17, iii: 145;
vice in, iii: 267;
causes of demoralization, iii: 268;
balloting substituted for fighting, iii: 268;
desertions, iii: 269, vi: 157, 164;
Bolshevist propaganda in, iii: 269, vi: 157, 164;
Cossack cavalry, strength, vi: 146;
fraternization with enemy, vi: 157, 161;
Kerensky abolishes death penalty, vi: 157;
Red Army raised by Trotzky, vi: 185;
for military operations, _see_
Russian Front;
battle or campaign.
Casualties, total in War, iii: 404;
civilian deaths from disease and famine, iii: 406;
money equivalent of man-power lost, xii: 25;
battle deaths, xii: 288.
Coal, production, '13--'17, xii: 48.
Cost of living, percent. rise during War, xii: _Intro. x._
Declarations of war, pledge of aid to Serbia against Austria,
July 27, '14, i: 114;
by Germany against, Aug. 1, '14, i: 115, 139, 375;
by Austria against, Aug. 6, '14, i: 375;
on Bulgaria by, Oct. 19, '15, i: 382;
on Turkey by, Oct. 30, '14, i: 376;
reception by populace, iii: 264, vi: 134-135;
ultimatum to Bulgaria, Oct. 4, '15, vi: 343.
Food, shortage, vi: 141, 144, 145;
potato crop, xii: 47.
Foreign policy, Asiatic expansion, i: 20;
seizure of Port Arthur from China, i: 20;
gains freedom of action in Black Sea, 1871, i: 47;
world position in '14, i: 62;
ambitions in Near East checked by Congress of Berlin, i: 93;
German influence, i: 95, 240;
Entente Cordiale with France, 1891, i: 98;
member of Triple Entente, i: 98, 103, 106;
settlement of Persian question with Great Britain, '07, i: 104;
Franco-Russian treaty of July, '12, i: 107;
Balkan policy, i: 114;
pledge of aid to Serbia against Austria, July 27, '14, i: 114;
negotiations in attempt to prevent the War, i: 126-129;
hatred of Germany, i: 242;
German view of, i: 242;
betrayal of Rumania by German agents in Government,
ii: 59, iii: 221, vi: 349;
imperialistic ambitions, vi: 132;
treachery of Government exposed by Milyukov, Nov., '16, vi: 142;
secret treaties made public by Trotzky, vi: 183;
Soviet Government makes peace with Germany, vi: 183-185;
relations of Soviet with Allies, vi: 187-188;
hostility to Ukrainian nationalistic aspirations, vi: 241;
treaty with Japan, '16, vi: 386;
for relations with Finland, _see_ Finland.
Industries, inadequate for war needs, ii: 27-28;
hampered by lack of port facilities, iii: 161;
chaotic condition during War, xii: 82.
Internal politics, war enthusiasm, Aug., '14, iii: 264, vi: 134-135;
prohibition of vodka, iii: 265, vi: 135;
revolutionary outbreaks before War, vi: 132-134;
Socialists oppose War, vi: 134;
attack of Duma on War Office for inefficiency, Aug., '15, vi: 136;
Minister of War Sukhomlinov arrested and disgraced, vi: 136;
request for new ministry refused by Czar, '15, vi: 136;
Duma dissolved, Sept., '15, vi: 136;
peace sentiment, '15, vi: 138;
Lenin advocates defeat of Russia, vi: 140;
Stürmer succeeds Goremykin as Prime Minister, vi: 140;
Duma reconvenes, Feb. 22, '16, vi: 140;
attack of Socialist Cheidze on Government, vi: 140;
influence of Rasputin at Court, vi: 141;
Rasputin murdered, vi: 141;
Stürmer becomes Foreign Minister, July, '16, vi: 142;
Stürmer dismissed under accusations of corruption and treachery,
vi: 142;
repressive policy of Protopopov, Minister of Interior, '17,
vi: 143;
Golytsin succeeds to Premiership, '17, vi: 143;
threats of revolt in Duma, Feb., '17, vi: 144;
Revolution starts in Petrograd, Mar., '17, vi: 145;
Duma disobeys Czar's order of dismissal, Mar., '17, vi: 146;
leaders and policies at start of Revolution, vi: 148;
revolutionary scenes in Petrograd, Mar. 11--15, '17, vi: 148-156;
Czar disregards appeals for liberal ministry, vi: 150, 151;
Red Monday, Mar. 12, '17, vi: 150-153;
arrest of ministers of old régime, vi: 153;
reform _vs._ revolution, Mar., '17, vi: 153-157;
Council of Workmen's and Soldiers' Delegates formed, Mar. 12, '17,
vi: 155;
Provisional Government under Prince Lvov formed by Duma,
Mar. 14, '17, vi: 155;
Czar abdicates, Mar. 15, '17, vi: 156;
struggle between Provisional Government and Soviet on war policy,
vi: 158-160;
fall of Liberal ministry and formation of coalition cabinet,
vi: 160;
peasant societies, vi: 160;
statement of policy by coalition Government, vi: 161;
Bolshevist uprising suppressed, July, '17, vi: 161-165;
Kerensky becomes virtual dictator, vi: 165;
rivalry between Kerensky and Kornilov for power, vi: 167-171;
Moscow Conference, vi: 167;
Kornilov rebellion fails, vi: 169;
Kerensky declares Russia a Republic, Sept. 15, '17, vi: 171;
Bolshevist revolution overthrows Kerensky, Nov., '17, vi: 171-181;
Lenin becomes President of Council of People's Commissaries,
vi: 181;
Trotzky becomes Commissary of Foreign Affairs, vi: 181;
Bolshevist program, vi: 181;
opposition of middle classes to Bolshevik rule, vi: 181;
Constituent Assembly dissolved by Bolsheviki, Jan., '18, vi: 185;
Congress of Soviets substituted for Constituent Assembly, vi: 185;
reign of terror under Bolshevist régime, vi: 187.
Navy, Black Sea fleet bombards Bosphorus forts, iv: 49;
strength of Black Sea fleet, iv: 50;
development, iv: 364;
strength of Baltic fleet, iv: 364;
war record, iv: 364-366;
part in Revolution, iv: 366, vi: 164.
Peace negotiations,
Brest-Litovsk Treaty ends war with Central Powers, Mar., '18,
ii: 63, 273, vi: 183;
armistice with Germany signed, Dec. 6, '17, v: 113;
movement for peace by radicals and conservatives, '15, vi: 138;
Soviet demands immediate Socialist peace conference, vi: 161;
nature of Bolshevik peace propaganda, vi: 171-175;
Versailles Treaty, provisions on, Russo-German relations,
xii: 205;
treaties with Germany abrogated by Versailles Treaty, xii: 232.
Prisoners of war, iii: 404.
Railroads, military, iii: 105;
Petrograd-Berlin line, iii: 111;
importance of Warsaw as junction, iii: 138;
Brest-Litovsk line, military importance, iii: 138;
collapse under war stress, viii: 283.
Royal family, xi: 145-149;
_see also_ Nicholas II.
War cost, currency inflation by Bolsheviki, xii: _Intro. xiii_;
financial position at start of War, xii: 1;
loans floated in U. S., Aug., '14--Jan., '17, xii: 2;
debt to U. S., xii: 18;
money equivalent of man-power lost, xii: 25;
value of property loss, xii: 26;
average daily cost, xii: 106;
total cost, Aug., '14--Oct., '17, xii: 107;
taxation, xii: 109;
loans, xii: 113;
rise in national debt, xii: 113, 114.