Chapter V: Minor Varieties of Pears (2)

A very old English pear described by Parkinson as "most plentiful in Suffolke, and there commended to be a verie good peare."

=Aspasie Aucourt.= =1.= _Guide Prat._ 84. 1895.

Origin unknown but thought to be European. Fruit medium, globular-obtuse, pale yellow; flesh fine, melting, very juicy, primrose in color, saccharine, slightly perfumed; one of the best of its season for the private garden; late July and Aug.

=Aston Town.= =1.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 352. 1831. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 485. 1884.

An old English variety raised at Aston in Cheshire, and largely cultivated there and in the neighboring counties, especially that of Hereford. Fruit medium sized, globular-turbinate, pyriform, pale green but changing on ripening to pale yellow, covered with numerous gray-russety specks; flesh yellowish-white, tender, buttery, and full of a most excellent saccharine, perfumed juice; it is a rich highly-flavored pear of the first rank; Oct. and Nov. A peculiarity of its growth is a tendency of the branches to twist.

=Audibert.= =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:163, fig. 1867.

_Belle Audibert._ =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =1=:119. 1831.

An old French pear raised in the Department of Bouches-des-Rhone, Fr., previous to the year 1814. Fruit medium, oblong-obovate-pyriform, greenish-yellow, extensively dotted with fawn, washed with tender rose on the side next the sun and often bearing some small brownish stains on the shaded side; flesh very white, fine, juicy, melting, sugary, vinous, slightly acid, wanting in perfume; third as a fruit for dessert but first for the kitchen.

=Augier.= =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ 164, fig. 1867. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =6=:119, fig. 1880.

Raised in 1828 by M. Feraut, Cognac, Chareute, Fr. Fruit medium or nearly medium, ovate-pyriform, sometimes a little deformed, but more often regular in its contour, dark green, spotted with blackish-gray dots which are both numerous and prominent; flesh white, rather fine, breaking, with abundant sweet juice, often too astringent; medium; late winter.

=Augustbirne.= =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:56. 1856.

Meiningen, in central Germany, 1847; classed among the Zuckerbirne or sugar pears. Fruit small, obtuse-conic, greenish-yellow turning to yellow, often having a shining blush, gray and green dots; flesh semi-melting, gritty near the core, honey-sweet; second for dessert, first for kitchen and market; Aug.

=Auguste de Boulogne.= =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:166, fig. 1867. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =6=:179, fig. 474. 1880.

Probably a seedling of Van Mons. Fruit small, globular-ovate, bossed and generally contorted, clear yellow dotted with fawn around the stem and calyx; flesh white, semi-fine, extremely melting, very gritty around the core, juicy, saccharine, acidulous, with an excellent buttery flavor; first; Oct. and Nov.

=Auguste Droche.= =1.= _Guide Prat._ 84. 1895.

Fruit rather large, globular, acute-pyriform, somewhat obovate; flesh fine, melting; Jan. and Feb. Tree vigorous and fertile.

=Auguste Jurie.= =1.= _Pom. France_ =1=:No. 4, Pl. 4. 1863. =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:61, fig. 29. 1866-73.

Raised from a seed of the Beurré Giffard sown at the School of Horticulture, 1851. Fruit small, growing in clusters, sometimes ovate, sometimes short-pyriform, pale green speckled with numerous gray dots, lemon-yellow at maturity, washed with deep blood red, shaded with violet on the side next the sun; flesh white, slightly veined with yellow, fine, buttery; juice sufficient, sugary, vinous, musky; first; Aug.

=Auguste von Krause.= =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:127. 1856.

Raised from seed by Van Mons; fruited in 1852. Fruit large, obtuse-conic; skin rough, greenish turning to yellow; flesh very juicy; good; late Oct.

=Auguste Miguard.= =1.= _Guide Prat._ 82. 1876. =2.= _W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 25. 1896.

Introduced in France by M. Grégoire. Fruit rather large, oblong, somewhat resembling Louise Bonne de Jersey in shape and color, yellow, with dull red cheek on the sunny side; flesh melting, vinous, very juicy and of a pleasing flavor; first; Oct. to Dec.

=Auguste Royer.= =1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =3=:11, fig. 1855. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:168, fig. 1867.

Raised by Van Mons and when brought under the notice of the royal Commission of Pomology in 1853 it was given the name of the President of the Commission. Fruit medium, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, one side being habitually more swelled out than the other; color dull yellow, dotted with gray, and almost entirely covered with fawn; flesh whitish, fine, melting, juicy, gritty around the core, sugary, acid, with pleasant perfume; first; Nov. Tree very vigorous.

=Augustine.= =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:110. 1856. =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:189, fig. 93. 1866-73.

Originated by Van Mons, 1823. Fruit medium, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, light green changing to yellowish-green, blushed with rose on the side next the sun, dotted with gray-green specks; flesh nearly white, slightly veined with yellow, fine, melting, full of sweet juice, delicately perfumed and refreshing; good; early Aug.

=Augustine Lelieur.= =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:169, fig. 1867. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =5=:43, fig. 310. 1880.

This variety is considered to be of Belgian origin. Leroy received it from the garden of the Society of Van Mons, Louvain, in 1854, and Mas received it at Bourg from a nurseryman at Wetteren, East Flanders, in 1859. Fruit above medium, oblong-obovate-pyriform, a little swelled, bossed, stalk bearing spines and implanted obliquely, greenish-yellow, russet and brown spots, stripes of fawn around the stalk; flesh white, fine, melting, gritty, sufficiently juicy, sugary, acid and delicate in flavor; first; Oct. and Nov.

=Augustus Dana.= =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 663. 1869.

Originated by Francis Dana of Boston, Mass. Fruit medium to rather large, globular-obtuse and varying from acute-pyriform to obtuse-pyriform, yellow, russeted; flesh whitish, juicy, melting, sweet, slightly aromatic; first; Oct.

=Aurate.= =1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:122, Pl. III. 1768. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:26. 1856.

This ancient French pear appeared under the name _Muscat de Nancy_ in Le Lectier's _Catalogue de son verger et plant_ in 1628, and was sold in Nancy over 300 years ago. It is extensively grown in Germany in the valleys of the Rhine and in the plains of Coblenz and Mayence under the name of _Petit-Muscat rouge_, _Muscat d'été_, _Goldbirne_, etc. Fruit small, growing in clusters, turbinate, ventriculous, obtuse, regular in contour, dark green at first, dotted with fawn, streaked with brownish-red in the cavity and washed with rose where exposed to the sun; flesh yellowish-white, semi-fine and semi-melting, juicy, generally gritty, saccharine, vinous, delicately musky; first; late Aug.

=Auray.= =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:171, fig. 1867.

This was a chance seedling which originated in Brittany. Leroy states that he cultivated it in Anjou and first entered it in his catalog in 1851. Fruit rather large, ovoid, often more swelled on one side than on the other, bronze, with some greenish dots and patches, the skin rough to the touch; flesh whitish, semi-fine, semi-melting, gritty around the core; juice very abundant, sugary, vinous, sometimes astringent and sometimes also delicate and perfumed; second only on account of its variability, for in the same season it may produce some exquisite fruit, some only good and some only medium in quality.

=Autocrat.= =1.= _Jour. Hort._ 3rd Ser. =3=:260. 1881.

Described in the Journal of Horticulture, London, as a new and very large pear ripening at the end of October. It was a seedling from Beurré Capiaumont and is very hardy, robust and free, and quite distinct in growth and fruit.

=Autumn Bergamot= (English). =1.= _Pom. Mag._ =3=:120, Pl. 1830. =2.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 352. 1831.

The English Autumn Bergamot or _Common Bergamot_ is a distinct variety and not synonymous with the _Bergamotte d'Automne_ of France. Writing in the early part of the eighteenth century, Switzer stated, and his statement was endorsed by Lindley in 1831, that the Autumn Bergamot was introduced into England in the days of Julius Caesar, that it was possibly the _Assyrian Pear_ of Virgil, and was in that case to have been found in the "once celebrated and famous gardens of Alcinöus." This is a doubtful conjecture, though without doubt the variety is of very ancient origin. Fruit small, globular-obtuse, yellowish-green, dull brown where exposed to the sun and profusely speckled with gray russet; flesh greenish-white, tender, melting, somewhat gritty at the core, juicy, and of a rich flavor; a dessert pear of first quality; Oct. Tree vigorous, prolific, forms a handsome standard and succeeds on either quince or pear.

=Autumn Colmar.= =1.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 363. 1831. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 487. 1884.

_De Bavay._ =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =3=: Pt. 1, 175, fig. 86. 1866-73. =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:184, fig. 1867.

This seedling of Van Mons was described in 1830 in the London Horticultural Society's Garden as a new Flemish pear. It was received there from Van Mons without a name and so became known in the collection as Autumn Colmar from a fancied resemblance of its flavor to that of the old Colmar. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, rounded at the base, lemon-yellow, strewed with dots and patches of russet; flesh coarse, sweet, juicy, astringent, rather gritty at the core; second; Sept. and Oct.

=Autumn Joséphine.= =1.= _Jour. Hort._ N. S. =20=:29, fig. 1871. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 488. 1884.

Obtained from seed of Joséphine de Malines by W. E. Essington, Ribbesford House, Bewdley, Eng. It first produced fruit in 1869. Fruit large, obovate-obtuse-pyriform; somewhat flattened at the crown, greenish-yellow when quite ripe, russeted in patches, flesh yellowish, with pale salmon tinge like that of Joséphine de Malines, tender, fine-grained, very juicy, juice rich, sugary, aromatic; first, though a little uncertain; Oct.

=Autumn Nelis.= =1.= _Gard. Chron._ 124. 1864. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 664. 1869. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 488. 1884.

_Graham Autumn Nelis._ =4.= _Jour. Hort._ N. S. =5=:331. 1863.

Raised from seed by F. J. Graham, Cranford, Eng., about 1852 and exhibited before the British Pomological Society in 1858 under the name _Graham's Bergamot_. It was granted a first class certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society. Prior to being placed on the market in 1863 it was renamed Autumn Nelis because of the similarity of the tree and fruit to Winter Nelis. Fruit rather above medium and equal to a large Winter Nelis, obovate-pyriform, greenish-yellow, almost entirely covered with brown-russet; flesh yellowish, very tender, melting and buttery, with abundance of rich, aromatic, sugary juice and having an exquisite flavor; a first class dessert fruit; Oct.

=Avocat Allard.= =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:173. 1867. =2.= _Jour. Hort._ N. S. =19=:284, 328. 1870.

Raised from seed of Doyenné Gris in 1842 by M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit small to medium, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, lemon-yellow, much marbled and spotted with russet; flesh yellowish-white and melting; juice very abundant, rich, spicy and very delicious; first rate for cooking; Oct. and Nov.

=Avocat Nélis.= =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:173, fig. 1867. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =5=:47, fig. 312. 1880.

Originated from the seed beds of M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel., in 1846. Fruit medium, oblong-obovate-pyriform, compressed toward the summit, golden-yellow, dotted and veined with fawn or russet, slightly colored on the side of the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, semi-melting, juicy, apt to be gritty around the core, sweet and perfumed; second-rate; Jan. to Apr.

=Avocat Tonnelier.= =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 19. 1893.

The parent tree of Avocat Tonnelier was raised at Nancy, Fr., about the year 1848. Fruit medium and above, globular-obtuse-pyriform, swelled at base, good yellow-orange at maturity, finely dotted with rose; flesh very dense, white, slightly tinted, melting or slightly breaking, juicy, very sugary, of sweet savor, rather recalling that of Bon Chrétien d'Hiver; first for cooking; all winter.

=Ayer.= =1.= _U. S. D. A. Yearbook_ 428, Pl. 52. 1911.

Originated about 1880 from a chance seedling which sprang up in a vineyard owned by O. H. Ayer, Sibley, Kan. It came into bearing about 1888. Fruit medium, obovate, light greenish or pale lemon-yellow, frequently having a light scarlet blush on the exposed side, and numerous minute russet dots; flesh whitish or yellowish-white, fine, buttery, melting, juicy; very good; July and Aug.

=Aylton Red.= =1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 489. 1884.

A perry pear cultivated in Herefordshire, Eng., and described as "growing in popularity." Fruit small, globular, turbinate; skin covered with rough, russet dots.

=Azerole.= =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:174, fig. 1867.

Azerole is an ancient pear though the date and the circumstances of its origin are unknown. Jean Bauhin mentioned it in his "_Historia Plantarum_" published in 1650. Fruit very small, oblong or turbinate, yellowish-orange, very finely dotted with fawn, and blushed on the cheek exposed to the sun; flesh yellowish, tender, fine, soft, perfumed, rather gritty around the core, juicy, sugary; third; Sept.

=Baguet.= =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:15, fig. 200. 1879.

The origin of this pear is uncertain but a bulletin of the Society of Van Mons, 1866, placed the name of Baugniet in parenthesis, suggesting thereby that it was raised by M. Baugniet in Belgium. Fruit large to very large, oblong-obovate-pyriform, very bright green with grayish dots passing on ripening to bright lemon-yellow; flesh whitish, semi-fine, rather buttery, fair amount of sweet juice, acidulous, sprightly; of good quality when its acidity is not too much developed; Nov. and Dec.

=Bakholda.= =1.= _Can. Hort._ =17=:291. 1894.

Described as a new Canadian variety in 1894. Fruit large; oblong, yellow; flesh subacid; middle season.

=Baking.= =1.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:28. 1908.

Originated in Massachusetts; an old baking variety. Season late.

=Baldschmiedler.= =1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 74, fig. 1913.

A perry pear found in Switzerland and the Austrian Tyrol. Fruit small to medium, globular-conic, greenish changing at maturity to yellow, dotted and speckled with russet; flesh granular, white and aromatic; good for transportation; beginning of Oct.

=Balduinsteiner Kinderbirne.= =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:165. 1856.

Originated in Nassau, Ger. Published in 1806 by Diel. Fruit small; ovate, light straw-yellow changing to lemon-yellow at maturity, finely dotted, and russeted on the side next the sun; flesh firm, breaking, juicy, very musky; first for kitchen use and market; beginning of Oct. for two weeks.

=Balosse.= =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:176, fig. 1867. =2.= _Le Bon Jard._ 362. 1882.

For many centuries Balosse has been grown in France on the banks of the Marne, especially in the neighborhood of Châlons where there existed in 1862 a specimen which was considered to be more than 300 years of age. On account of its abundant crops yielded without cultivation, the tree has been a favorite with the farmers of France. Fruit moderate size, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, orange-yellow dotted with fawn, washed with dull red on the side to the sun; flesh whitish, coarse, breaking, gritty, juicy, saccharine; second for the table, first for the kitchen; Jan. to April.

=Balsambirne.= =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:15. 1856.

Raised from seed in the old German duchy of Franconia in 1801. Fruit medium, pyriform, yellow, blushed and russeted; flesh firm, juicy, mild and tender, musky; first for dessert and household; Aug.

=Bankerbine.= =1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 349. 1854.

Said to be of foreign origin. Fruit medium, obovate, greenish-yellow, with small, russet dots; flesh breaking, coarse; Oct.

=Banks.= =1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 45. 1866.

A seedling raised by Dr. S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass., which first fruited in 1863. Fruit 2-3/4 in. in diameter, turbinate, rich yellow, with sunny side bright red; flesh melting, juicy, very sweet, with much character; keeps remarkably for an early pear, valuable for its great beauty and fine qualities and time of ripening; Aug.

=Baptiste Valette.= =1.= _Guide Prat._ 85. 1895.

Fruit medium; flesh white, buttery, very fine, melting, juicy; matures early in the season. Tree vigorous, fertile, and pyramidal in form.

=Barbancinet.= =1.= _Mag. Hort._ =26=:126. 1860. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:177, fig. 1867.

Found by Leroy in 1849 in the commune of Saulgé-l'Hôpital, Maine-et-Loire, Fr., and was introduced by him in 1852. Fruit medium, long, slightly obtuse, irregular pyriform, contorted at the upper end, greenish, mottled and dotted with fawn, washed with rose on the side to the sun; flesh greenish, melting, fine, rather gritty around the core; juice sufficient, acidulous, saccharine, with a pleasant buttery flavor; first; Sept.

=Barbe Nélis.= =1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:63, fig. 30. 1866-73. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:178, fig. 1867.

M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel., obtained this variety in 1848. Fruit small to medium, globular-turbinate-obtuse, bright greenish-yellow dotted with gray and fawn, the basic green becoming lemon-yellow at maturity and washed with purple-red on the side exposed to the sun; flesh white, fine, very melting; juice saccharine, acidulous, and agreeably perfumed; first; Aug.

=Barker.= =1.= Hooper _W. Fr. Book_ 121. 1857.

An American variety introduced about 1856. Fruit medium, obovate, greenish-yellow; medium quality both for table and kitchen use; coarse; Sept. and Oct.

=Barland.= =1.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 414, 1831. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 489. 1884.

The parent tree of this variety grew in the parish of Bosbury, Hereford, Eng., and about 1830 was supposed to be 200 years old. It appears to have been extensively cultivated as early as 1674. Fruit small, obovate, dull green, much covered with gray russet; first class for perry; autumn.

=Barnadiston.= =1.= _Gard. Chron._ 193. 1843. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =17=:472. 1851.

The original tree grew in the grounds of Kedington Hall, Eng. The fruit was stated to be of good quality, and to keep till June, being about the size and form of a large Swan Egg. In September, 1851, Messrs. Hovey & Co. exhibited it at the twenty-third annual exhibition of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society.

=Baron Deman de Lennick.= =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:179, fig. 1867. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 108, 232. 1876.

The parent tree was raised in the grounds of the Society Van Mons at Geest-Saint-Rémy, Bel. In 1856 it was admitted by their pomological committee and was named after Baron Deman de Lennick. Fruit medium, globular, generally mammillate at summit, brilliant yellow, dotted and mottled with fawn; flesh whitish, a little coarse, melting, gritty around the core; juice excessively abundant, saccharine, vinous, acidulous, and delicately perfumed; second; Nov. and beginning of Dec.

=Baron Leroy.= =1.= _Garden_ =62=:387. 1902. =2.= Bunyard-Thomas _Fr. Gard._ 132. 1904. _Poire Baronne Leroy._ =3.= _Rev. Hort._ 61. 1889.

Raised from seed of Louise-Bonne de Printemps in 1859; first published in 1869 and placed in commerce in 1871. Fruit small to medium, globular-oval, dark green passing to bright yellow; flesh fine, white, juicy, very melting, sugary, with an agreeable flavor and perfume; first; Nov. and Dec.

=Baron Trauttenberg.= =1.= _Guide Prat._ 82. 1876.

Fruit medium or rather large, globular, golden-yellow, spotted with russet; flesh rose-tinted, juicy, perfumed and of delicate flavor; first; Nov.

=Baron Treyve.= =1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 96. 1873.

Exhibited at the annual meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Aug., 1873, by W. C. Strong, the President. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyriform, greenish-yellow, russeted with cinnamon; flesh juicy, melting, very sweet; good to very good; medium early season; shows a disposition to rot at the core.

=Baronne de Mello.= =1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =3=: Pt. 2, 137, fig. 165. 1866-73. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:180, fig. 1867.

A variety said to have been raised by Van Mons about 1830. Fruit rather large, globular-turbinate, tapering on one side with a dipping curve toward the stalk, sometimes the surface is bossed but generally even; color yellow-green, dotted with gray and mottled with russet; flesh yellowish-white or greenish, semi-fine, semi-melting, gritty at the center; juice very abundant, sugary, rich, vinous, delicately acid; first; Oct.

=Baronsbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:143. 1856. =2.= Oberdieck _Obst-Sort._ 242. 1881.

_Baron d'hiver._ =3.= _Guide Prat._ 82, 232. 1876.

Gröningen, Saxony, 1819. Fruit rather large; globular-conic, uneven, light yellow changing to golden-yellow, finely dotted; flesh breaking, fine, often semi-melting, sweet, highly aromatic; third for dessert, first for culinary use; Jan. to April.

=Barry.= =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:181. 1867. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 665. 1869.

This variety was found in his nurseries but was not originated by Leroy, Angers, Fr. It bore fruit first in 1851 and was then dedicated to P. Barry, Rochester, N. Y. Fruit medium to large, long, nearly cylindrical, narrowed toward the stalk, contorted, greenish-yellow, dotted, streaked and stained with fawn, washed with bright red on the side next the sun; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, rather gritty at the center, extremely juicy, saccharine, vinous and deliciously perfumed; first; Oct. and Nov.

=Barseck. 1.= _W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 175. 1890.

_Bar Seckel._ =2.= _Can. Hort._ =16=:184. 1893.

_Columbia._ =3.= Chase Bros. _Cat._ 15. 1907.

Originated with Jacob Moore, Brighton, N. Y., as a cross between Bartlett and Seckel. Tree hardy, vigorous, productive; fruit above medium in size, oblong-pyriform; skin yellow shaded with bright red; flesh juicy, melting, with a pleasant vinous flavor; quality good; Aug. and Sept.

=Barthélemy du Mortier.= =1.= _Guide Prat._ 85. 1895.

Sent out by M. Daras de Naghin in 1886. Fruit large and handsome; flesh buttery, juicy, sweet, with a fine aroma; first; Nov. Tree moderately vigorous, holding its fruit well.

=Bartram. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =5=:395. 1839. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 667. 1869.

A chance seedling which originated in the grounds of Miss Ann Bartram, Philadelphia. Fruit rather large, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, pale lemon-yellow, with numerous russet dots and occasional russet markings on the side; flesh white or greenish-yellow, fine grained, melting, rich, slightly vinous; very good; Sept.

=Bartranne.= =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:18, fig. 1867.

Believed to have originated in the garden of the Horticultural Society of Angers, Fr., date unknown. Fruit small, globular, obtuse-pyriform, very irregular; bright yellow, sprinkled with russet dots, and often stained with large patches of fawn; flesh white, fine, juicy, melting, containing some grit around the core; juice excessive, not much sugar or flavor; third; Aug. and Sept.

=Baseler Sommer-Muskatellerbirne.= =1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:34. 1856.

Raised in Switzerland, 1809. Fruit medium, globular-ovate, tender skin, of a uniform yellow-green, dotted with green, often flecked with russet; fresh semi-melting, tender, aromatic; first for table, culinary uses and market; July.

=Basiner.= =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:155, fig. 558. 1881. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 491. 1884.

Raised by M. J. de Jonghe, Brussels, in 1845 and first produced fruit in 1857. Hogg, the English pomologist, described it as "one of the best very late pears I have met with." Fruit medium, globular-turbinate, greenish-yellow much covered with pale cinnamon-brown russet, distributed in patches, particularly around the stalk and in dots which are interspersed with green dots over the surface; flesh yellowish-white, fine-grained, breaking, sweet, saccharine, wanting in perfume; good for kitchen use and recommended on account of its extraordinarily long season, spring into the summer.

=Baudry.= =1.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:234. 1903. =2.= Ont. Dept Agr. _Fr. Ont._ 147. 1914.

_Bon Chretien Fred Baudry._ =3.= _W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 44. 1893.

Listed as a promising winter pear in Ontario, Can. Fruit large, oblong-pyriform, yellowish with russet patches; flesh yellow, tender, granular at the center, juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavor; quality good; Feb. and Mar.

=Beacon.= =1.= Ellwanger & Barry _Cat._ 20. 1892. =2.= Bunyard-Thomas _Fr. Gard._ 132, 456. 1904.

Fruit medium, long-ovate, very regular, smooth and shining, pale green, some russet, turning yellow, with a brown cheek; flesh firm, sweet; not first, but passable for its season; late July.

=Beadnell.= =1.= _Gard. Chron._ 692. 1852. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 357. 1854.

Raised by John Beadnell, West Green Road, Tottenham, Middlesex, Eng., and fruited for the first time about 1840. Fruit below medium, turbinate, even and regular in outline, bright green, with a dull red cheek where exposed to the sun; on ripening the basic green becomes yellow and the dull red crimson; where the two colors blend there are some stripes of crimson and on the colored side are numerous minute, gray dots; flesh melting, extremely juicy, sweet and richly flavored; a fine early pear; late Sept. but does not keep long.

=Beau de la Cour.= =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:109, fig. 535, 1881.

Mentioned in the Bulletin of the Society Van Mons in 1855. Fruit small or nearly medium, globular-ovate, even in outline, light green covered with very numerous dark green spots changing at maturity to a brilliant pale yellow, though the spots remain green but less visible; the side next the sun is stained with vermilion; flesh coarse, dry, very saccharine, musky; good for cooking; Aug.

=Beau Présent d'Artois.= =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:185, fig. 1867. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:175, fig. 88. 1872.

_Present Royal of Naples._ =3.= _Mag. Hort._ =4=:395. 1838.

Prévost, who died at Rouen in 1849, wrote of this pear that he considered it identical with the _Présent royal de Naples_ which it is said obtained its name from the fact that the King of Naples about the end of the eighteenth century sent a number of these pears to Prince Charles of Württemberg to remind him to forward a promised white stag. Fruit large, by error classed by some as a Pound pear, oblong-obtuse-pyriform, greenish-yellow, covered with patches and dots of brown russet; flesh melting, juicy, sweet, and agreeably flavored and perfumed; first; Aug. and Sept.

=Beaufort. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 153. 1885. =2.= Van Lindley _Cat._ 36. 1899.

Raised by Lucy Duke, Beaufort County, N. C., about 1884 probably from seed of Winter Nelis crossed with Bartlett. It is a twin of Lucy Duke, having been raised from seed of the same pear. Fruit medium to large, globular-obovate, dull green changing to yellow-green, russeted and dotted; flesh firm and sweet; first; late Oct.

=Beauvalot. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3=:1, fig. 97. 1878.

This variety was obtained by M. Sageret from seed beds made from 1816 to 1820. Fruit medium, obovate-turbinate-pyriform; skin thick, rough to the touch, firm, intense green sown with spots of greenish-brown, at maturity turning more yellow and the side next the sun golden; flesh white, slightly tinged with yellow, fine, melting; juice sufficient, saccharine, but sometimes having little flavor; second; Nov.

=Beier Meissner Eierbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:52. 1856.

Disseminated in Saxony and Bavaria in 1823. Fruit medium, ovate-acute, often ventriculous-conic, somewhat uneven, yellow-green changing to light yellow, no blush but often dotted with red; flesh coarse-grained, semi-melting, sweet, with a rose-water savor; third for dessert, first for household and market; early Sept.

=Belle Angevine. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:188, 189, fig. 1867.

The Belle Angevine described by Leroy is a very beautiful pear, brilliant in color, of large size and handsome shape, but, unfortunately, not good for dessert and only second class for the kitchen. Properly Belle Angevine is a synonym of Pound or Uvedale's St. Germain, yet Leroy holds this Belle Angevine as distinct.

=Belle des Arbrés. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 108. 1876. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 172. 1889.

Introduced by M. Houdin, Châteaudun, Fr., about 1876. Fruit very large, of beautiful form, slightly washed with rose; flesh fine and smooth; first for cooking; Mar. to June.

=Belle de Beaufort. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 85. 1895.

Sent out by M. Louis Leroy of Angers and on trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis of Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Tree fairly vigorous, a good grower. Fruit very large, of beautiful form and color; Oct. to Nov.

=Belle Bessa. 1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =1=:120. 1831. =2.= _Le Bon Jard._ 363. 1882.

The editors of the "New Duhamel," 1825, said of this pear that it was of recent origin and as it had not been previously named they "dedicated it to M. Bessa as a testimony of satisfaction for the assiduity evinced by him in the completion of the designs of that work." In _Le Bon Jardinier_ it is classed among pears "remarkable for their size." Fruit large, globular, the two extremities diminishing very perceptibly, especially that next the stem, very light green faintly approaching yellow at full maturity and interspersed by some small, russet specks; flesh somewhat firm, bland and agreeable, not highly flavored; Nov. to Dec.

=Belle de Bolbec.= =1.= _Guide Prat._ 109. 1876.

A French pear on trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis of Metz, Lorraine, in 1876. Reported at that time to be rather large and of first quality, but in 1895 it was placed by the firm on their list of varieties of doubtful or small merit; Oct. to Nov.

=Belle et Bonne de Hée.= =1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 135. 1841. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:165. 1842.

Fruit medium; flesh melting and perfumed; of superior excellence; ripens at Paris in Sept.

=Belle et Bonne de la Pierre.= =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:197, fig. 1867. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:81, fig. 233. 1879.

This variety was obtained by M. A. de la Farge, Salers, Fr., at the foot of the mountains of the high Auvergne; it first bore fruit in 1861. Fruit medium, sometimes rather large, globular or ovate, with protuberances, always larger on one than on the other side, yellow-ochre dotted with gray and some stains of brown russet; flesh whitish, fine, melting, scented, without grit; juice sufficient, acidulous, extremely saccharine, full of delicate flavor; first; Nov. and Dec.

=Belle de Brissac.= =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:192, fig. 1867.

Jean-Henri Benoist, Brissac near Angers, Fr., obtained this variety from seed in 1832 or 1833. Fruit medium to large, oblong, extremely obtuse and ventriculous, always having one side more enlarged than the other, with pale yellow skin, thick and rough to the touch, dotted with russet and much covered with brown patches; flesh white, semi-fine, breaking, rather gritty; juice sufficient, saccharine, acidulous, perfumed; second for dessert, first for cooking; Feb. to April.

=Belle de Bruxelles sans Pepins.= =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:193, 194, fig. 1867.

Notwithstanding its name this variety is not certainly of Belgian origin. It was known in Normandy at the beginning of the nineteenth century under the name _Fanfareau_. In Germany it was cultivated before 1789 where it was called _Grosse-Bergamotte d'Été_. It appears most probably to have been of German origin. Fruit large and sometimes medium, spherical, depressed at both poles, generally more swelled on one side than on the other, yellow-green dotted and streaked with russet; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, interspersed with greenish specks, slightly gritty at the center, free from seeds or core; juice sufficient, saccharine, acidulous, slightly musky; second for the reason that it so easily becomes soft; Aug. and Sept.

=Belle de Craonnais.= =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:195, 196, fig. 1867.

This variety originated in the neighborhood of Craon in Mayenne, Fr. It was listed in the collection of the Horticultural Society of Angers in 1848, and in the following year was propagated for commerce by A. Leroy. Fruit large but sometimes smaller, oblong-pyriform, irregular, obtuse, golden-yellow, sown with gray dots more numerous and larger on the side next the sun; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, juicy, rather gritty about the core; juice abundant, sweet and musky, without much savor; second for the table, first for cooking; Dec. to March.

=Belle de la Croix Morel.= =1.= _Guide Prat._ 83. 1876.

Mentioned in the _Revue Horticole_ of 1868. Fruit large, pyriform-ventriculous, greenish-yellow; flesh semi-melting, juicy, of an agreeable flavor; first; Dec.

=Belle de Décembre. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 103. 1895.

A very large and superb fruit; good to eat raw but first class for cooking. Listed as a new variety in 1895.

=Belle de Féron. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:198. 1867.

Probably originated in the town of Féron near Avesnes, Fr., and was considered to be a new fruit by the Horticultural Society of Angers in 1840. Fruit large to very large, globular-turbinate, bossed, one side always more swelled than the other, yellowish-green, dotted with gray, and stained with patches of brown-russet; flesh white, coarse, semi-melting; juice sufficient, fresh, sugary, vinous, and with a very agreeable tartness; second; Oct. and Nov.

=Belle du Figuier. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:199, fig. 1867.

Raised from seed in 1860 by M. Robert, Angers, Fr., and submitted to the Horticultural Society of Maine-et-Loire in December, 1861, when it was declared excellent. Fruit above medium, ovate, regular in form, but with protuberances, often depressed at the base, greenish-russet, rough to the touch and covered with well-marked fawn dots; flesh fine, white, very melting and very juicy, saccharine, acidulous, aromatic; first; Dec. and Jan.

=Belle-Fleurusienne. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:200, fig. 1867. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 493. 1884.

Raised by M. Alexandre Bivort in 1849 at Saint-Rémy, Bel. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyramidal; skin smooth and somewhat shining, greenish-yellow, the whole surface being thickly strewed with large russet dots and specks, and washed with rose on the side next the sun; first; Dec. to Feb.

=Belle Fondante. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 454. 1857.

Originated by Robert Manning, Salem, Mass. Fruit medium, pyramidal-turbinate; skin pale yellow, clouded with green, irregularly patched with russet especially around the eye; flesh juicy, buttery, very fine grained, rich, with some astringency; Oct.

=Belle de Forêts. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 83, 234. 1876.

_Esperen Waldbirne._ =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 212. 1889.

Fruit medium, pyriform, bright green; Sept. and Oct.

=Belle de Guasco. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3=:57, fig. 125. 1878. Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:202, 203, fig. 1867.

Cultivated in the garden of the Society of Van Mons in Belgium but did not originate there. It was sent out from there to France for further distribution in 1853. Fruit medium, oblong-obtuse-pyriform, lemon-yellow, greenish on the shaded side and washed with vermilion on the side exposed to the sun; flesh white, fine, melting, juicy, vinous, acid; third; late Aug. and early Sept.

=Belle Guérandaise. 1.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 143, fig. 1906. =2.= _Rev. Hort._ 136, Pl. 1907.

M. Dion, Guérande, Fr., sowed in 1869 a bed of mixed seeds from which he obtained the variety here described. It first fruited in 1893 and was placed on the accepted list by the Pomological Society of France in 1904,. Fruit large, ovate, lemon-yellow, often covered with fawn; flesh fine, very saccharine, juicy, with a slight perfume of orange blossom; good; Oct. and Nov.

=Belle Hugevine. 1.= McIntosh _Bk. Gard._ =2=:459. 1855.

Fruit large and handsome; of excellent quality; Mar. and April.

=Belle Isle d'Angers. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 494. 1884.

Fruit medium, globular-oval, almost entirely covered with a coat of greenish dark brown russet which is very fine and smooth to the touch and covered with large, gray dots; on the shaded side the greenish-yellow ground-color is exposed, covered with large, russet dots; flesh white, rather coarse, semi-buttery, very juicy, sweet and slightly perfumed; second or third; Dec.

=Belle d'Ixelles. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =26=:218. 1860. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 83. 1876.

First reported by Millet. On trial with the Society Van Mons in 1860. Fruit large, golden-yellow skin; flesh very melting and perfumed; Oct.

=Belle de Juillet. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 109. 1876.

Gained by M. Lampe at Pecq, Bel., about 1870, and reported to be superior to all other early pears and in particular to Beurré Giffard; fruit handsome and delicious, ripening about mid-July.

=Belle Julie. 1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 350. 1854. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:204, 205, fig. 1867.

_Alexandrine Hélie._ =3.= _Guide Prat._ 81. 1876.

Raised by Van Mons and fruited first in 1842. Fruit medium, long-obovate-pyriform, greenish-yellow, much patched and netted with russet, dotted with bright fawn; flesh rather greenish-yellow, coarse, semi-melting, juicy, sugary, vinous, with a fine perfume; first; Oct. and Nov.

=Belle de Kain. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 83. 1876.

On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis of Metz, Lorraine, in 1876. Fruit large, pyriform-truncate, brilliant lemon-yellow; flesh semi-melting; a good market variety.

=Belle de Lorient. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:205, 206, fig. 1867.

_Belle de l'Orient._ =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 668. 1869.

This variety was growing in the old garden of the Horticultural Society of Angers about 1835, and probably originated in the environs of Lorient, Fr. Fruit large, oblong-ovate-pyriform, bossed at the summit, greenish-yellow, dotted all over with large and numerous specks of fawn; flesh wanting in fineness, half-breaking, white, gritty, fairly juicy, without perfume, sourish; second for the kitchen; Sept. and Oct.

=Belle de Malines. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:207, fig. 1867.

Received by Leroy, Angers, Fr., from Belgium in 1863 as a new variety and without statement of its origin. Fruit medium, turbinate-obtuse, ventriculous, having one side larger than the other, bright yellow, dotted, streaked and stained with russet, washed with delicate rose on the side next the sun; fresh dull white, semi-fine, melting, gritty at center; juice sufficient, sweet, fresh, saccharine, musky; first; Aug. and Sept.

=Belle de Martigny. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:431. 1842.

Exhibited by Mantel at the first annual meeting of the New York Horticultural and Floricultural Society, held in New York, September, 1842. One fruit of this variety was reported as weighing 9 oz.

=Belle-Moulinoise. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:208, fig. 1867.

Raised from seed by Groler-Duriez, Lille, Fr.; it was placed on the market in 1864. Fruit large, oblong-obtuse-pyriform, somewhat ventriculous and bossed, greenish, rough to the touch, spotted with russet, washed with dark rose on the side next the sun; flesh whitish, fine, firm, scented, breaking, juice extremely abundant, saccharine, musky, with a delicious flavor; first; Feb. and Mar.

=Belle de Noisette.= =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =6=:17, fig. 393. 1880.

A French pear of unknown origin. Fruit large, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, short and thick, attaining its greatest breadth around its center; skin thick and rather rough, at first green sown with dots of grayish-brown, numerous and scattered regularly; at maturity the green passes into lemon-yellow and the side next the sun is clouded with red; flesh white, rather fine, breaking, with a small amount of sugary juice, acid and slightly perfumed; suited only for culinary purposes; keeps well through the winter; the tree is equally vigorous on quince or pear stock.

=Belle Picarde.= =1.= _Rev. Hort._ 156, Pl. 1888.

Originated in the village of Charmes, Aisne, Fr., in the middle of the last century. Fruit large to very large, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, orange-red and speckled especially on the sunny side; flesh white, melting, very sugary; juice rather abundant, sweet and of a pleasant flavor; good for dessert but specially recommended for cooking; being large and attractive in appearance is well adapted for the market; Dec. to June.

=Belle Rouennaise.= =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:210, fig. 1867. =2.= _Jour. Hort._ N. S. =19=:328. 1870.

Raised from seed by M. Boisbunel, Rouen, Fr. It gave its first fruit in 1856. Fruit medium, long-pyriform, bossed around calyx, sides unequal; color greenish-yellow, dotted with russet, veined with fawn around the stem and often covered with russet markings; flesh semi-fine, white, juicy, melting, gritty at the core, refreshing, sweet, acid, possessing a delicious flavor; first; Aug. and Sept.

=Belle de Stresa.= =1.= _Guide Prat._ 58. 1876. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:213. 1879.

A wild seedling found at Stresa, on Lake Maggiore, Italy. Fruit nearly medium, ovate, rather short and thick, or pyriform, olive-green, washed with dark brownish-red on the side next the sun; flesh buttery, melting, juicy, saccharine, and with a delicate and refreshing perfume; handsome and of first quality; late Aug.

=Belle Sucrée.= =1.= _Guide Prat._ 83. 1876.

_Schöne Zuckerbirne._ =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 280. 1889.

Published in Germany previous to 1876; origin unknown. Fruit large, variable in form; of a beautiful lemon-yellow, almost entirely washed with red; flesh semi-melting, very saccharine; Sept. and Oct.

=Belle de Thouars.= =1.= _Gard. Chron._ 979. 1860. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:212, 213, fig. 1867.

Probably originated at Thouars, Fr. About 1839 the Horticultural Society of Angers received a pear called _Coulon de Saint-Marc_ which was propagated under that name, but was proved to be identical with Belle de Thouars. It was subsequently propagated and sold by a nurseryman at Jersey, and acquired the name of _Belle de Jersey_. Fruit medium to large, long-obtuse-pyriform at both ends, somewhat bossed at summit; skin at first brownish-olive changing to a ferruginous brown as the fruit approaches maturity, somewhat rough, with russet dots; flesh white, firm, or half-breaking, with little juice and an acidulated, sugary flavor; good only for kitchen use; Nov. and Dec.

=Belle Williams. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 110. 1862. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 669. 1869.

Of foreign origin, possibly English. Tree vigorous, very erect, hardy; young wood olive, slightly yellow, glossy. Fruit medium to large, oblong-pyriform, with a groove or sunken line from stem to calyx, yellowish, with marblings and tracings of russet; stem long, curved, set in a slight depression by a lip; calyx partially closed; flesh whitish, not juicy or rich; good for cooking; Dec. to Mar.

=Bellissime d'Automne. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:214. 1867. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 496. 1884.

First mentioned by Merlet under the name of _Belle-et-Bonne_ in 1675. It lost its original name and became known by that of Bellissime d'Automne. Fruit variable in size but more medium than small; long-acute-pyriform, occasionally slightly obtuse; skin smooth and shining, greenish-yellow, dotted with fawn on the shaded side and extensively washed with red-brown or fine, deep crimson on the side exposed to the sun, with stripes of the same color around the stalk; flesh white, fine, semi-melting; juice plentiful, sweet, with an aromatic flavor; second as a dessert fruit, but useful for culinary purposes; Oct.

=Bellissime d'Hiver. 1.= Duhamel _Trait Arb. Fr._ =2=:234. 1768. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 496. 1884.

An old French pear described by Duhamel du Monceau in 1768. By some, Merlet is believed to refer to it in 1690 when writing of the _Bellissime d'Hiver de Bur_, but this latter is regarded by Leroy as synonymous with Belle Angevine. Fruit very large, larger than the Catillac, globular, turbinate, mammillate; skin smooth, thick, green changing to dark yellow, washed on the side of the sun with a beautiful tint of bright carmine, strewed all over with large brown-russet dots; flesh white, fine grained, crisp, tender, juicy, sweet, musky; one of the very best culinary pears; all the winter till May.

=Belmont. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =6=:171, fig. 470. 1880. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 496. 1884.

An English cooking pear raised about the year 1840 by T. A. Knight, Downton Castle, Eng. Fruit medium, globular-oval, even and regularly shaped; skin rather rough to the touch, covered with a coating of somewhat rough russet except on the shaded side where it is greenish-yellow, and marked with patches and dots of dark-brown russet; on the side next the sun it shows a coppery-red glow; flesh yellowish, rather coarse, sugary, vinous, finely flavored like Swan Egg; almost first; Oct. and Nov.

=Beman. 1.= _Can. Hort._ =26=:14. 1903. =2.= _Ibid._ =28=:219. 1905.

Originated at Newcastle, Ontario, Can., by E. C. Beman. Tree productive. Fruit large, juicy and delicious; Oct. and Nov.

=Benadine. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:109. 1856.

Raised from seed at Oberlausitz, Ger. Published in 1821. Fruit medium, pyriform, medium ventriculous, yellow, sprinkled all over with spots of yellow-ochre; flesh white, buttery, melting, juicy, delicate and full of aroma; first for dessert; Sept.

=Benoist Nouveau. 1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 367. 1859. =2.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:34. 1908.

Distributed by Ellwanger & Barry of Rochester, N. Y., about 1850 as a new foreign variety. Fruit medium, globular-obovate, greenish-yellow with brown cheek, dull russet marblings and indistinct brown specks; flesh breaking, juicy, rather astringent; requires careful ripening; Feb. to April.

=Benoit Caroli. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 103. 1895.

Introduced by Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel., as a new variety in 1895. Fruit medium yellow, finely dotted, washed with reddish-brown on the cheek exposed to the sun; flesh white, greenish toward the upper part, buttery, almost melting, saccharine and pleasantly perfumed; Dec.

=Bensell. 1.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:34. 1908.

Originated by a Mr. Bensell, Philadelphia. Fruit large, globular, yellow; flesh buttery, sweet, juicy, acidulous; late.

=Benvie. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:130. 1843. =2.= Hogg. _Fruit Man._ 497. 1884.

A dessert pear adapted to the climate of Scotland where in some districts it produces immense crops of excellent fruit. Fruit small, obovate, yellow-green, sometimes tinged with dull, dingy red on the side next the sun, almost entirely covered with thin, delicate gray russet and thickly strewed with russety dots; flesh yellowish, buttery, juicy, perfumed; good; Aug. and Sept.

=Béquesne. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:220. 1867. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 497. 1884.

The origin of this ancient pear is unknown, though Henri Heissen, a German author, describing it in 1690 called it the _Béquesne of Anjou_. Fruit medium to rather large and handsome, long-obtuse-pyriform; skin of a fine bright golden-yellow on the shaded side, encrimsoned on the side next the sun, strewed all over with russet dots which give it a rough feel; flesh white, dry, semi-breaking, sweet, slightly perfumed, gritty round the core; an excellent cooking pear; Oct. to Jan.

=Bergamot de Chantilly. 1.= Brookshaw _Pomona_ =2=:Pl. XLVIII. 1817. =2.= Brookshaw _Hort. Reposit._ =1=:63, Pl. 31. 1823.

A variety known in Covent Garden Market, London, in 1823. The fruit was classed as superior and fetched 9 pence apiece. Size medium, roundish-obtuse-pyriform, yellow with some blush on the side next the sun; flesh buttery, of excellent flavor; Sept., not a keeping pear.

=Bergamot Louvain. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =21=:185. 1855.

Fruit medium, globular, yellow, with russet specks; on the sunny side the specks are red, some blotches of russet; flesh white, tender, rather dry, with a pleasant flavor; Oct.

=Bergamot Seckel. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 671. 1869.

Raised by William Pitmaston, Eng. Fruit medium or below in size; roundish, regular; color reddish-brown, dotted with russet; flesh white, juicy, sugary, having all the spicy flavor of the Seckel.

=Bergamot Winter. 1.= Langley _Pomona_ 131, Pl. 67. 1729.

Included in Langley's list of the best kinds of pears in England in 1729. Fruit medium, globular-obtuse; Sept.

=Bergamote Arsène Sannier. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 174. 1889. =2.= Baltet _Cult. Fr._ 343. 1908.

Probably of French origin. Fruit medium or rather large, globular-oblate, or onion-shaped, water-green clearing on maturity to Indian-yellow, clouded with ochre; flesh fine, melting, juicy, saccharine, slightly acidulous, with a characteristic aroma; first; Jan. to Mar.

=Bergamote d'Automne Panachée. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:225, fig. 1867.

_Bergamotte Suisse._ =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 505. 1884.

A variegated form of the French Bergamotte d'Automne. Merlet, who described it in 1675 in his _Abrégé des bons fruits_, named it _Bergamote Suisse_, indicating thereby the country of its origin. Fruit medium, roundish and flattened, somewhat inclining to turbinate, regular, and having the summit always a little mammillate, color olive-yellow, occasionally slightly tinged with dull red, spotted all over with large, fawn dots, and beautifully striped longitudinally with large bands of brownish-green passing into bright green on the side shaded from the sun; flesh white, melting and buttery, sugary, acidulous; first; Oct. and Nov.

=Bergamote Balicq. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 174. 1889.

_Bergamotte Ballicq._ =2.= _Guide Prat._ 85, 223. 1895.

Belgian. Fruit medium; flesh white, fine, semi-melting, juicy, saccharine; first; Dec. and Jan.

=Bergamote Boussière. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:227, fig. 1867.

Raised by Van Mons and fruited for the first time in 1844. Fruit above medium, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, regular, greenish-yellow, dotted and veined with fawn and clouded with reddish-brown around the stem; flesh whitish, half-fine, melting, very gritty around the core; juice abundant, vinous, sugary and slightly aromatic; second; Oct. to Dec.

=Bergamote Hamdens. 1.= Langley _Pomona_ 131, Pl. 65, fig. 3. 1729.

Fruit medium, oblate; Aug. and Sept.

=Bergamote de Hollande Panachée. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:245. 1867.

_Amoselle panachée._ =2.= _Le Bon Jard._ 363. 1882.

Of interest on account of the curious variegation of its fruit and wood. The fruit differs from that of the Bergamotte d'Holland in the variegated green brown of its skin; flesh deficient in juice and wanting in delicacy and leaves an unpleasant taste behind; second for cooking; Dec. to April.

=Bergamote Philippot. 1.= Baltet _Cult. Fr._ 370. 1908.

Described by Baltet as, "A beautiful fruit, grey and bronzed; good for stewing."

=Bergamote Rose. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:256, fig. 1867.

This curious variety was raised by A. Bivort from seed beds in the garden of the Society Van Mons and first bore fruit in 1848. It is endowed with so pronounced a scent of rose that the producer hoped from it and another variety called Parfum de Rose it might be possible to create a new class of pears. Fruit small, oblate, bronze, strewed with grayish-white dots, some brownish stains, scaly; flesh white stained with carmine, scented, rather coarse, breaking, seldom gritty; juice sufficient, saccharine, having an odor and flavor similar to that of roses; third; Jan. and Feb.

=Bergamotte d'Anvers. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 85. 1895.

Introduced by Daras de Naghin of Antwerp (Anvers), Bel. Fruit medium or rather large, true Bergamot shape, green changing to yellow at maturity; flesh white; fine, buttery, sweet and well perfumed; Dec.

=Bergamotte d'Automne. 1.= Duhamel. _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:165, Pl. XXI. 1768. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:223, fig. 1867.

_Rote Bergamotte._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 271. 1889.

Authorities fail to agree on the origin of this pear. Benedictus Curtius, a Florentine author writing in 1536, thought it had birth at Bergamo in Lombardy. But in 1644, Jean Bodaeus, a Dutch physician, in his translation of the _Historia Plantarum_ of Theophrastus, states that the Bergamote came from Asia, whence the Romans had imported it to Italy and that it was known to them as the _Pirum Regium_ or pear of Kings. If it originated in Asia, the probability is that its birth-place was Pergamum, a village of Asia Minor between the Ægean and Marmora seas. This view was accepted in the eighteenth century by such authorities as Lacour, Henri Manger and Ménage, and later by Leroy. Fruit medium; variable but usually globular-oblate, greenish-yellow, dotted and striped with russet, flesh whitish, fine, melting, generally gritty, sweet, savory; first; Oct. to Jan.

=Bergamotte Bouvant. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 103. 1895.

Listed as a new variety in 1895. Fruit medium; flesh fine, melting, juicy, well sweetened and pleasantly perfumed; Apr. and May.

=Bergamotte Bufo. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:228, fig. 1867. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 498. 1884.

_Kröten Bergamotte._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 244. 1889.

Le Lectier says this pear was cultivated at Orleans in 1628 under the name of _Crapant_ or Toad on account of the rough character of its skin. It was also known in Germany in 1690 under this latter name and as _Oignon rosat_ by reason of its shape and the perfume of its juice. In 1846 in France, because of the supposed inelegance of the word "crapant," its name was changed to Bufo, the Latin name of a toad. Fruit above medium, globular-oblate, even and regular like a true Bergamot; skin rough, dark yellow, dotted and marbled with fawn and usually also bearing some large brown stains; flesh white, melting, fine; juice sufficient, vinous, acidulous, sugary, savory, recalling the scent of the rose; excellent dessert pear; late Oct.

=Bergamotte Bugi. 1.= Langley _Pomona_ 131, Pl. 46. 1729. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =5=:9, fig. 293. 1880.

_Bergamote du Bugey._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:229, fig. 1867.

This is a pear of ancient and uncertain origin. It has a large number of synonyms. Claude Saint-Etienne, writing in 1660, and La Quintinye, in 1690, two of the best describers of this pear, each called it by the name Bugi. Its synonym, _Pera Spina_, attributed to Merlet, appears to indicate an Italian origin to it. Fruit medium and sometimes larger, globular-turbinate, generally very regular, clear olive-green, covered with large, fawn dots intermingled with brownish patches; flesh yellowish-white, semi-melting, semi-fine, seldom gritty; juice sufficient, sprightly, saccharine but occasionally acid, with some perfume; second for dessert, first for cooking; Feb. to Apr.

=Bergamotte de Coloma. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 499. 1884.

Fruit below medium, globular-obovate; skin greenish-yellow, becoming bright yellow when it ripens, and with a pale tinge of red on the side next the sun, the whole surface covered with large, pale, brown-russet dots, with patches of russet around the calyx and stalk; flesh yellowish-white, fairly juicy, rather gritty, with a brisk but not rich flavor; quality inferior; late Oct.

=Bergamotte de la Cour. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:76. 1856.

Belgian, 1828. Fruit fairly large, globular-flattened, uneven in form, light green turning to light lemon-yellow, often rather blushed with brownish-red on the sunny side, without any scent; flesh melting, delicate, very juicy; very good for the table, second for kitchen.

=Bergamotte de Darmstadt. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 76, 236. 1876. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:25, fig. 205. 1879.

Germany. Probably it obtained its name from having been raised in the suburbs of the city of Darmstadt. Fruit rather small or nearly medium, globular or globular-cylindrical, and equally obtuse at both ends, yellow-green all over; flesh buttery, juicy, with a Bergamot scent; first; Nov.

=Bergamotte de Donauer. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:119, fig. 252. 1879.

This pear was found in a garden in the suburbs of Coburg, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Ger. Fruit medium or large, globular-obtuse, sometimes a little conical, and often somewhat irregular in outline, very light green, dotted with fine points and with some brown-yellow spread around the summit and the calyx; flesh white, half-fine, buttery or half-buttery, juicy, sweet, a little vinous; quality only second; Sept.

=Bergamotte Double. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 83, 236. 1876.

Fruit medium, nearly round, greenish-yellow; flesh semi-melting, juicy; first; Sept. and Oct.

=Bergamotte Dussart. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =6=:39, fig. 1857. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 670. 1869.

Obtained at Jodoigne, Bel., by Dussart, a gardener; published in 1829. Fruit medium, obovate-pyriform, yellow-ochre, with gray dots and traces of russet; flesh white, melting, juicy, vinous, sugary, acidulous and aromatic; first; Dec. to mid-Jan.

=Bergamotte Espéren. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =5=:75, fig. 1857.

_Bergamotte d'Esperén._ =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 670. 1869.

Raised from seed about 1830 by Major Espéren, Mechlin, Bel. Of his many pears this was the most valuable. It is a most delicious late pear and a good successor to Winter Nelis. Fruit medium, frequently above, round, flat at base, mammillate at summit, and often bossed near stalk; skin rough to the touch, dull greenish-yellow, dotted with russet, streaked with russet around the stalk and often marked with blackish stains; flesh yellowish, fine-grained, quite melting, very juicy and sugary, with a pleasant aroma; mid-Feb. to April.

=Bergamotte Espéren Souvenir de Plantières. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 83. 1895.

Produced by Simon-Louis Bros., nurserymen, Metz, Lorraine. The foliage of this variety is margined with yellow and does not scorch from the sun. The tree is not vigorous.

=Bergamotte d'Été. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:161. 1768. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:237. 1867.

_Summer Franc Réal._ =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 344, fig. 141. 1845.