Chapter V: Minor Varieties of Pears (14)

Under the name Naquette this pear was described by Claude Saint-Étienne in 1670. After that time it appears to have been classed in the Caillot family with the name _Caillot_. Later still it received among other names that of _Bergamot Early_ (Lindley) and _Bergamote Précoce_ (Calvel). Fruit medium or smaller, spherical, flattened at both poles; skin thin, smooth, grass-green dotted with fawn, when ripe clouded with yellow on the shaded side and washed or streaked with red on the cheek next the sun; flesh white, rather transparent, fine, melting, full of sugary juice, acidulous, pleasantly perfumed, very delicate; first; mid-Aug.

=Nassau Ehre. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:47. 1856.

Belgian, 1823. Fruit medium, pyriform, blushed, somewhat streaked with vermilion, slightly russeted; flesh semi-breaking, fine, cinnamon-flavored, sweet; second for dessert, first for household use; end of Aug.

=Naudin. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 101. 1876.

Published in the _Revue Horticole_, Fr., in 1869. Fruit medium, long-pyriform, grass-green stained with gray; flesh extremely melting, very juicy, pleasantly relieved with a fresh savor; first; Aug. to Oct.

=Naumkeag. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 149. 1841.

Originated at Salem, Mass., by George Johonnot; derives its name from the old Indian name of Salem. Fruit medium, globular, yellow-russet; flesh juicy, melting but rather astringent in flavor; good; Oct.

=Navez Peintre. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 622. 1884.

Received by Hogg, the English pomologist, from M. Papeleu, Wetteren, Bel., in 1857. Fruit medium, ovate, even and regular in form, yellowish-green on the shaded side and marked with bands of brown-russet, but with a blush of brownish-red next the sun; flesh yellowish, melting, very juicy, piquant and sugary, with a fine aroma; a very fine pear; end of Sept.

=Neapolitan. 1.= Brookshaw _Hort. Reposit._ =2=:Pl. 72. 1823.

Described by Brookshaw in 1823 as a valuable acquisition to English collections. Fruit thin-skinned, green changing to yellow when quite ripe, rich in flavor, and so juicy that it cannot be pared without a considerable quantity of the juice running from it; Nov.

=Nec Plus Meuris. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 622. 1884. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 189. 1920.

This is not the Nec Plus Meuris of France which is our Beurré d'Anjou. The origin is uncertain. Fruit small, round-oval, uneven, greenish-yellow, nearly covered with rough brown-russet; stem very short, stout, continuous with the fruit; calyx large, open, in a small basin; flesh pale, yellow, melting, deliciously perfumed; Feb. and Mar.

=Nectarine. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 622. 1884.

Fruit medium, globular-obovate, yellow covered with large dots and patches of pale brown-russet; flesh yellowish, buttery, rich, with a fine, brisk, acidulous flavor and agreeable aroma; first-rate, with a good deal of the character of the Passe Colmar; Oct.

=Negley. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =26=:267, 397. 1860. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 820. 1869.

Introduced in 1860 by J. S. Negley, Pittsburg, Pa. Fruit above medium, obtusely obovate, nearly regular, sometimes a perfect pyriform, rich lemon shaded with bright crimson in the sun, sprinkled with minute brown-russet dots; flesh white, a little coarse, moderately melting, juicy, richly saccharine, vinous, slightly aromatic; good to very good; Sept.

=New Bridge. 1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:204. 1832.

Described in the London Horticultural Society's catalog in 1832 as having been produced in the Horticultural Garden at Chiswick. Fruit below medium, turbinate, dull gray covered with thin gray-russet, and light, lively, shining brown on the sunny side; flesh melting, a little gritty, with a sugary juice, but without flavor; Oct.

=New Haven. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =3=:327. 1837.

A seedling raised in the garden of Dr. Ives, New Haven, Conn. It was said to partake of the habit of White Doyenné, to be a good cropper, and of excellent quality.

=New Meadow. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 623. 1884.

A perry pear, grown in Herefordshire, England. Fruit very small, turbinate, covered with brownish-gray russet, and a brownish cheek next the sun.

=Newhall. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 37. 1867. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 820. 1869.

A seedling of F. and L. Clapp, exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1867. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, inclining to oval, surface rather uneven, yellow at maturity, with some traces of russet, occasionally blushed on the side next the sun; flesh melting, buttery, tender, very juicy, sweet, with a musky aroma; very good; Oct.

=Newtown. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 820. 1869.

Originated at Newtown, Long Island. Fruit medium, globular-obovate, lemon-yellow, netted and patched with russet; flesh whitish, rather coarse, semi-melting, sweet, and pleasant; good; Sept.

=Nicholas. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 10. 1869.

A seedling shown by Messrs. F. and L. Clapp in November, 1869. Fruit medium, obovate; skin thin, yellow; very juicy and highly flavored.

=Nickerson. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 820. 1869.

Originated from seed planted at Readfield, Me. Fruit large, oblong-pyriform, greenish-yellow, with a dull red cheek on the side next the sun; flesh white, juicy, melting, vinous, sweet; good; Oct.

=Nicolas Eischen. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 101. 1876.

Reported in 1876 by Messrs. Simon-Louis as on trial in their nurseries at Metz, Lorraine. It was said to be a beautiful fruit, speckled and very musky like the Bartlett, but more perfumed; Dec. to Feb.

=Niell d'Hiver. 1.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:189. 1908.

Shown at a meeting of the Cincinnati Horticultural Society in 1855. A late variety, acid in flavor.

=Nikitaer Grüne Herbst-Apothekerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:182. 1856.

_Bon-Chrétien de Nikita._ =2.= _Guide Prat._ 282. 1895.

German, published 1852. Fruit medium, conic, light green changing to light green-yellow, without any blush, numerous fine dots, russeted on the sun-exposed side; flesh yellowish-white, sweet, vinous; first for household purposes; Oct., eight weeks.

=Niles. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =20=:76. 1854. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 821. 1869.

This variety was imported from France about 1850 by the Hon. J. M. Niles, Hartford, Conn., without a name. It was consequently designated "Niles." Some pomologists have considered it to be the Easter Beurré, but it appears to be more oblong in form, more yellow in color, to have a longer stem and to be earlier in time of maturity. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, yellow thickly covered with russet dots; flesh juicy, buttery, sweet and pleasant; Dec.

=Niochi de Parma. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 101. 1876.

A summer variety highly esteemed in Piedmont, Italy. It is suitable for cultivation on a large scale and is hardy, having resisted the phenomenal European frost of 1879-1880.

=Noir Grain. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 180. 1832.

A variety very highly esteemed in Flanders in the early part of the last century. Fruit is of medium size and matures in Sept., the flesh being buttery as is indicated by its synonym _Beurré noire graine_.

=Noire d'Alagier. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1895.

A Caucasian variety sent out by M. Niemetz, Winnitsa, Podolia, Russia. On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis of Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. The fruit is said to resemble Winter Nelis, gray, bronze-russeted, rough; flesh fine, juicy.

=Nonpareil. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 821. 1869.

A seedling raised by Judge Livingston, of New York. Fruit globular-oblate, russety-yellow, mostly overspread and shaded with red in sun, and bright fawn-russet in shade; flesh yellowish-white, melting, juicy, sweet, perfumed; Nov.

=Nordhäuser Winter-Forellenbirne. 1.= _Deutschland Obst._ =2=:Pt. 6, Pl. 1906.

A North German variety of the Forelle or Trout Pear. It is known as the _Winter Forelle_ or _Northern Forelle_. Fruit medium, conic-obtuse; skin smooth and shining, greenish-yellow, speckled and washed with red on the side next the sun, dotted all over on the shaded face with fine brownish-red; flesh white, melting, sweet, aromatic and agreeable; Jan. to Mar.

=Norfolk County. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 44. 1866.

A seedling raised by S. A. Shurtleff of Brookline, Mass., and submitted by him to the Fruit Committee of the Horticultural Society of that state in 1866. Fruit, long diameter 3-3/4 inches, short diameter 3-1/4 inches, long turbinate, green with dots, good grain, juicy, with pleasant flavor, ripens well, a handsome fruit and large bearer; Oct. 11.

=Normännische Ciderbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 168, fig. 1913.

This pear was found growing wild in Normandy, Fr., and in Upper Austria, and is excellent for making perry and for distillation. Fruit very small, turbinate, greenish-yellow covered with cinnamon-russet and ashy-gray dots; flesh yellowish-white, rather dry, sweet but with some sprightliness; Sept.

=Notaire Lepin. 1.= _Rev. Hort._ 449. 1889.

Notaire Lepin was obtained by M. Rollet, a horticulturist at Villefranche, Rhône, Fr., about 1860 and was placed on the market in 1879. Fruit large or very large, variable in size, obtuse-pyramidal but variable, skin fine, somewhat rough to the touch, yellow, dotted with russet, marbled with fawn, flesh white, granular around the core, fine, melting, very juicy, saccharine, slightly but agreeably perfumed; its quality very variable, rather good, and rarely very good; Jan. to Apr.

=Notaire Minot. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:465, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 821. 1869.

A posthumous gain of Van Mons of only very moderate merit. It fruited in nurseries at Geest-Saint-Rémy, Jodoigne, Bel., in 1844. Fruit medium, rather variable in form, but usually irregular ovate-globular or very obtuse-turbinate and ventriculous; skin thick and rather rough, grass-green, dotted all over with fawn and blushed with dark red on the side of the sun; flesh yellowish, semi-fine and semi-melting, very gritty around the core; juice insufficient, saccharine, aromatic, having a disagreeable astringency; third; Oct.

=Nouveau Doyenné d'Hiver. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:9, fig. 5. 1872.

Stated by Diel to have been a gain of Van Mons. Fruit medium, spherical or spherical-conic, slightly depressed at the two poles, even in its outline; skin thick and firm, of a very clear green, sprinkled with small brown dots regularly placed in a characteristic manner; at maturity the basic green passes to pale yellow and the side next the sun becomes a little golden; flesh white, rather fine, compact, breaking or semi-breaking; juice deficient, saccharine but wanting in perfume; not very desirable; end of winter.

=Nouveau Poiteau. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:466, fig. 1869. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 190. 1920.

According to Leroy this was a seedling of Van Mons raised in his nursery at Louvain from a bed made in 1827. Fruit large and sometimes enormous, oblong or irregular-ovate, always much bossed, swelled around the middle and often more so on one side than on the other, grass-green, covered with numerous fawn dots, and with some squamose patches of brown-russet on the side of the sun; flesh white, greenish near the core, very fine, melting, juicy, saccharine, acidulous, savory; first; Oct.

=Nouvelle Aglaé. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 101. 1876.

Obtained by M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Brabant. Fruit medium, long-obtuse-oval, dark yellow touched with fawn; flesh fine, juicy; first; end of autumn.

=Nouvelle Fulvie. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =4=:59, fig. 1857. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 190. 1920.

_Belle de Jarnac._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:203, fig. 1867.

A gain of M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. First reported in 1854. Fruit large or very large, pyramidal-pyriform, strongly bossed, lemon-yellow when ripe, colored with vivid red on the side exposed to the sun, marked and dotted with russet; flesh yellowish-white, very fine, melting, buttery; juice very abundant, sugary, having an exquisite perfume; good; Nov. to Feb.

=Nussbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:162. 1856.

Schwarben, Thuringer Wald, Ger., 1800. Fruit small, globular-turbinate, green, thick skin; flesh firm, breaking, vinous and acidulous; first for household; end of Aug.

=Nypse. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 101. 1876.

A winter pear received by Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, from Italy, and on trial in that firm's orchards in 1876.

=Oakley Park Bergamotte. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =13=:152. 1847.

Raised from seed by T. A. Knight, Downton Castle, Eng. former President of the London Horticultural Society. Fruit medium, globular-obovate, greenish-yellow, with russet; flesh buttery, melting; good; Oct.

=Ochsenherz. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:185. 1856.

_Coeur-de-Boeuf._ =2.= _Guide Prat._ 90, 258. 1876.

South Germany, 1801. Fruit large, pyriform, crooked, light green turning to lemon-yellow, almost entirely blushed with dull light red, dotted with green; flesh pulpy and tender, not juicy, very sweet and musky; third for table, first for household and market; end of Oct.

=Ockletree. 1.= _Hist. Mass. Hort. Soc._ 37. 1880.

This was a seedling brought from Pittsburg, Pa., in 1804 and planted near Vincennes, Ind. In 1837 it produced 140 bushels of pears, the largest crop recorded from it. In 1855 it measured ten and one-half feet in circumference at the smallest place below the limbs, seventy-five feet across the top, and sixty-five feet in height. In 1867 it was split down by a tornado, and seven or eight years later the trunk also died. It took its name from Mr. Ockletree its owner. The fruit was of inferior quality.

=Octave Lachambre. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:469, fig. 1869.

M. Octave Lachambre, Loudon, Vienne, Fr., found this variety in the orchard of the Château of Guérinière about 1825. M. Lachambre propagated it and offered it to Leroy who placed it on the market in 1860. Fruit medium or less, globular-ovate, bossed, flattened at the top, and always smaller on one side than on the other, dull yellow, finely dotted and streaked with russet, slightly mottled with fawn on the cheek exposed to the sun and around the calyx and stalk; flesh whitish, fine, melting or semi-melting, rather granular around the core; juice extremely abundant, acidulous and saccharine, more or less aromatic but always full of flavor; first; May.

=Oesterreichische Muskatellerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:24. 1856.

Austria, 1851. Fruit medium, globular, medium ventriculous; skin thick, greenish-yellow, somewhat blushed with brown and without russet; flesh firm, somewhat gritty, very melting and juicy; first for dessert, household and market; Sept.

=Oeuf de Woltmann. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:221, fig. 109. 1866-73.

Of German origin. Fruit small to medium, exactly ovate, bright green, sprinkled with numerous dots, some gray and some dark green; at maturity the basic green changes to pale yellow the dots becoming less visible and on well-exposed fruits the side next the sun is slightly blushed with earthy-red on which are some dots of whitish-gray; flesh very white, semi-fine, semi-breaking, sugary, with a refreshing and agreeable perfume; good; end of July.

=Ogereau. 1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =177=:39. 1899.

Believed to be European. Fruit obovate-oblong-pyriform, yellow blushed with red, some russet; flesh white, buttery, vinous, medium quality, for market; Oct. and Nov.

=Ognon. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 70. 1895.

Sent out by M. Gilbert, Antwerp, Bel. Fruit small to medium, globular, irregular, green covered with russet; third class; Sept.

=Ognonnet. 1.= Baltet _Cult. Fr._ 375. 1908.

A cider pear used in France for the production of alcohol by distillation.

=Oignon. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:473, fig. 1869. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 191. 1920.

This is a variety which Leroy found cultivated in the western Departments of France which he thought might be the same as the pear called by Le Lectier in 1628 _Oignon d'Été de Bretagne_. In England it is one of the most fertile pears grown. Fruit above medium, spherical, much flattened at both ends and often smaller on one side than on the other; skin thick and rough, gray-fawn, entirely covered with large grayish dots; flesh whitish, coarse, breaking, rather granular around the core; juice moderate in amount, sweet, saccharine, only slightly perfumed; second; end of Sept.

=Oignonet de Provence. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:474, fig. 1869.

The origin of this pear is unknown, but it was propagated by M. Urbain Audibert, a nurseryman near Tarascon in the South of France. In 1812 M. Audibert sent it to M. Loiseleur-Deslongchamps who later published at Paris the _Nouveau Duhamel_. In this work it was described and illustrated in 1815. Fruit small, globular or ovate, decidedly rounded; skin fine and thin, grass-green, covered with small gray dots, generally speckled with fawn and washed with clear reddish-russet on the side of the sun; flesh greenish-white, fine or semi-fine, melting, gritty at the center; juice sufficient, saccharine, vinegary, with a rather agreeable taste of anis; second; end of July.

=Oken. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:21. 1856. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:475, fig. 1869. _Winter Oken._ =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 668. 1884.

A seedling of Van Mons which fruited about 1826. Fruit medium, nearly globular or globular-ovate; skin fine, tender, pale green sprinkled with gray, extensively stained with fawn and slightly vermilioned on the side next the sun; flesh very white and fine, melting, watery, rather granular around the core; juice abundant, saccharine and having an exquisite aroma; first; mid-Oct. to end of Nov.

=Oldfield. 1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:210. 1832. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 624. 1884.

This is one of the most popular English perry pears, and took its name from the field where it was raised near Ledbury in Herefordshire. Fruit small, globular, even and regularly formed; skin uniform yellow, covered with minute dots, and with a patch of russet around the stalk; flesh yellowish, firm, breaking and very astringent.

=Olivenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:188. 1856.

German Rhineland, 1806. Fruit medium or small, globular-turbinate, dark olive-green turning to dull yellowish, dotted, and somewhat blushed with brownish-red; flesh white, fine, cinnamon-flavored, gritty toward center; third for dessert, first for household; Nov.

=Oliver Russet. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =10=:212. 1844. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 579. 1857.

Oliver Russet originated about 1832 and was shown before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in the autumn of 1843 by G. W. Oliver, Lynn, Mass., in whose garden the parent tree was found growing. Fruit medium or below, obovate, obtuse; skin fair cinnamon-russet on a yellow ground, with a blush; flesh yellowish, coarse, melting, juicy without much flavor; Oct.

=One-third. 1.= _Iowa Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 219. 1879.

Reported to be growing on the Iowa State College Farm and to have been called One-third, from the fact that it is the third generation from seeds originally sown in Wisconsin.

=Oneida. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 823. 1869.

Originated in western New York. Fruit medium or below, globular, pale yellow, partially netted and patched with light russet; flesh white, coarse, juicy, semi-melting, agreeable; good; Sept.

=Onion. 1.= Mawe-Abercrombie _Univ. Gard. Bot._ 1778.

_La Grosse Oignonette._ =2.= Brookshaw _Pomona_ =2=:Pl. LIII. 1817.

The Onion, or La Grosse Oignonette, is a rare pear and is distinct from Oignonet de Provence. Fruit medium, globular, brown-skinned; flesh sweet, well flavored but rather dry, and when too ripe becomes pithy; Sept.

=Orange, 1.= _Mass. Hort Soc. Rpt._ 44. 1866.

A seedling fruited by S. A. Shurtleff of Brookline, Mass., in 1862. Fruit diameter 3-1/2 inches, globular; skin tough and bright yellow, with dots; flesh fine-grained, keeps well and is a good cooking pear; end of Dec.

=Orange-Bergamot. 1.= Bradley _Gard._ 199. 1739. =2.= Brookshaw _Horticultural Repository_ =1=:63, Pl. 31. 1823. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 625. 1884.

Of English origin. Tree hardy, free bearer, succeeding on either pear or quince stock. Fruit small, globular-turbinate; skin smooth, pale green changing to yellow or yellow-green at maturity, blushed with dull red on the side next the sun, strewed with whitish-gray dots; flesh white, semi-melting, juicy, with a sweet, orange flavor; dessert pear; early Sept.

=Orange d'Hiver. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:144, Pl. XIX, fig. 4. 1768. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 824. 1869.

_Winter Pomeranzenbirne._ =3.= Christ _Handb._ 507. 1817.

_Winter Orange._ =4.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 390. 1831.

This is a very old pear, probably of French origin. Tree rather vigorous, said to be a late but heavy bearer. Fruit medium, round, somewhat flattened at base and apex, bright yellow, covered all over with numerous brown dots and lined with russet; stem medium long, stout, inserted in a small, oblique cavity; calyx small, open, set in a small, round, very shallow depression; flesh white, rather gritty, firm, crisp, very juicy, with a pleasant, slightly musky, aromatic flavor; a good cooking pear and a fair dessert pear; Feb. to Apr.

=Orange Mandarine, 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:483, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 625. 1884.

Raised from seed by Leroy at Angers, Fr., and fruited first in 1863. Fruit below medium and sometimes a little larger, globular, rather regular in outline, more or less mammillate at the summit, pale yellow, passing to clear russet on the cheek exposed to the sun, and covered with minute brown dots; flesh white, very fine and very melting, slightly gritty at the center; juice abundant, saccharine, acidulous, endowed with an exquisite perfume; first; Oct.

=Orange Musquée. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:140, Pl. X. 1768. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 625. 1884.

_Müskierte Pomeranzenbirne._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 255. 1889.

This is an old pear of uncertain origin, though probably French or Italian. Fruit medium, globular, more or less bossed, flattened at both ends though sometimes rather conic and obtuse at the top; smooth skin punctured like an orange, yellow-green changing to fine lemon, with a lively red next the sun but rather variable; flesh white, coarse, breaking, gritty at center; juice not very abundant, rather saccharine, sweet, possessing a musky flavor and perfume; quality variable, on the whole, good; end of Aug.

=Orange Rouge. 1.= Duhamel _Trait Arb. Fr._ =2=:141. 1768. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:486, fig. 1869.

_Red Orange._ =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 636. 1884.

An old variety of obscure origin. Henri Manger wrote in 1783 that it appeared to him to be the _Favonianum Rubrum_ mentioned by Pliny, but it appears according to M. Leroy more likely to have originated at Poitiers, and to be the _Rousette_ or _Orange du Poitou_ or _Poire de Poitiers_. Fruit medium, round, even, regular or inclining to turbinate; skin thick, clear grayish-yellow, clouded with green on the shaded side, sprinkled with pale gray dots and extensively washed and streaked with a lively dark red; flesh whitish, semi-fine; juice abundant, more or less saccharine, acidulous and musky; second, often third; end of Aug.

=Orange Tulipée. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:202, Pl. XLI. 1768. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ 488, fig. 1869.

An old French pear grown in the south of France and sold in Paris at a very low price. It is known to have been cultivated for some three centuries, but is not worth growing today. Described in the _Jardinier François_ in 1665. Fruit medium and often below, globular-ovate, or turbinate-rounded, with one side larger than the other; skin thick and rough, yellow-green, sprinkled with large, gray, scaly dots, and well colored with red-brown on the side next the sun, and numerous carmine streaks and marks on the other side; flesh white, semi-fine and semi-melting, more or less granular around the core; juice sufficient, saccharine, slightly astringent, with a slight perfume of fennel; third; Sept.

=Orange de Vienne. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 101. 1876.

_Wiener Pomeranzenbirne._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:150. 1856.

A Van Mons seedling, 1825. Fruit small to medium, short-turbinate, clear yellow, with light brown dots; flesh granular, semi-melting, very sweet and sugary, having a Bergamot flavor; first for table and all purposes; mid-Sept.

=Ordensbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:132. 1856.

Originated in Nassau, a former German duchy, 1806. Fruit medium, even-sided; skin smooth and tender, yellowish-green turning to light yellowish and light green, seldom blushed, grass-green dots; flesh white, juicy, semi-buttery; very good for dessert and good for cooking and the market; mid-Aug.

=Orel 15. 1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 187. 1896. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 41, 42. 1915.

Introduced from Russia about 1880 by Professor Budd of the Iowa Agricultural College. Free from blight and apparently valuable as a stock for top-grafting.

=Orpheline Colmar. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =2=:77, fig. 1854. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 260. 1889.

The Orpheline Colmar was a gain of Van Mons a few years before his death and is a beautiful and handsome fruit. Fruit very large, pyriform and obtuse-pyramidal, clear green becoming yellow at maturity, streaked and dotted with grayish-brown and black and stained with russet-fawn on the side of the sun and around the calyx; flesh yellowish-white, fine, melting, rather granular around the core, full of saccharine juice and pleasantly perfumed; good.

=Osband Summer. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =1=:211, fig. 59. 1846. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:492, fig. 1869.

Originated in the vicinity of Palmyra in Wayne County, N. Y., about 1840 and was at first known as _Summer Virgalieu_ and so published in the _Genesee Farmer_ in 1845 or 1846. Fruit small, obovate-pyriform, clear yellow, thickly dotted with small greenish and brown dots, with a warm cheek on the side next the sun and with some traces of russet especially around the stem and calyx; flesh white, juicy, melting, with a rich sugary flavor and agreeable perfume of musk; first in quality and appearance; early in Aug.

=Osborne. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =12=:338. 1846. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 825. 1869.

A native variety which originated on the farm of John Osborne, Economy, Ind. It was introduced by Ernst, and published in the _Western Farmer and Gardener_ (Vol. 5), having first fruited in Ernst's nursery in 1844. Fruit small, short-pyriform, stem planted on one side; skin thin, yellowish-green, with numerous gray dots; flesh white, tender, juicy, brisk, sweet, vinous, with a slight astringency and highly-perfumed flavor; first; Aug. and Sept.

=Oswego Beurré. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 825. 1869.

Raised by Walter Read, Oswego, N. Y. Tree vigorous, hardy, and productive. Fruit medium, oblate, sometimes inclining to conic, yellowish-green, streaked and mottled with thin russet; flesh melting, buttery, juicy, with a fine, sprightly, vinous and aromatic flavor; good; Oct. and Nov.

=Oswego Incomparable. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 826. 1869.

Originated at Oswego, N. Y. Fruit rather large, obtuse-obovate-pyriform, yellow, slightly netted and patched with russet, a tinge of crimson in the sun and many russet dots; flesh whitish, coarse, semi-melting, sweet, juicy, agreeable; moderate quality, sometimes good; Sept.

=Ott. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =14=:424. 1848. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 826. 1869.

Ott is a seedling of Seckel and was originated by Samuel Ott, Montgomery County, Pa., and introduced to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society by Dr. Brincklé of Philadelphia in the summer of 1848. Fruit small, globular-obovate, regular, largest about the middle, rounding off to the calyx end and narrowing to the stem where it is obtuse; skin slightly rough, dull green changing to yellow when mature, some russet, bronzy-red on the sunny side and dotted with russet specks intermixed with some greenish spots; flesh greenish-white, coarse, melting, very juicy, rich, sugary, with a spicy aroma resembling the Seckel; very good; end of Aug.

=Owen. 1.= Cole _Am. Fr. Bk._ 174. 1849. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 826. 1869.

Originated in the garden of John Owen, Cambridge, Mass. Fruit small, globular-obtuse-pyriform, dark green, shaded with dull red in the sun and thickly sprinkled with green and light dots; flesh tender, delicious and finely colored; one of the finest cooking pears in its season; Oct. to Dec.

=Owener Birne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:10. 1856.

Württemberg, 1830. Fruit globular-turbinate, greenish-yellow, with rather dark blush, russeted all over; flesh yellowish-white, astringent, juicy, breaking, aromatic, first for household use and the making of perry; end of Sept.

=Ozark. 1.= _U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt._ 38. 1895.

Originated about 1845 from seed taken by a Mr. Rooks from Kentucky to Polk County, Missouri. Fruit large, oblate, greenish-yellow, with a few russet veinings and patches, dots numerous, minute, russet; stem medium long, in a large, deep basin; calyx large, open; flesh white, with yellow veins, buttery, granular, mild subacid; good; Aug.

=Paddock. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 530. 1857. =2.= _Ibid._ 826. 1869.

Sent out by Chauncey Goodrich, Burlington, Vt. Fruit rather below medium, oblong-ovate-pyriform, light yellow, sometimes with a faint blush; flesh fine-grained, melting, sweet, but not very highly flavored; good; end of July.

=Pailleau. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:58. 1842. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 826. 1869.

Attributed to Van Mons, Belgium. Fruit large, oblong, greenish-yellow, rough, with brown and green dots and patches of russet; flesh juicy, sweet, rich, good, but rather coarse-grained; excellent quality; early Sept.

=Pain-et-Vin. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:494, fig. 1869.

Cultivated in Normandy early in the nineteenth century under the two names of _Pain-et-Vin_ and _Chêne-Vert_ or _Green-Oak_. Fruit medium, ovate, rather long and swelled; skin thin, rough, dark yellow ground covered with bronze, freely stained and dotted with gray and reddened on the side of the sun; flesh yellowish-white, semi-fine, very firm, although semi-melting, rather gritty at core, very juicy, saccharine, acid, very vinous, with a particularly pleasant flavor; second; about mid-Sept, to beginning of Oct.

=Palmischbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:171. 1856. =2.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 190, fig. 1913.

A perry pear grown in Germany and Upper Austria and known in different localities by various names. It was published in Germany in 1823. Fruit small, turbinate, regular in contour, greenish-yellow turning to light yellow, often with a dark blush, covered all over with large gray spots; flesh whitish, coarse-grained, very juicy, acidulous and saccharine, aromatic; third for the table, but first for perry; Sept.

=Paradiesbirne. 1.= Christ _Handb._ 525. 1817. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:182. 1856.

Thuringia, Ger., 1797. Fruit small to medium, conic, yellow-green changing to golden yellow, slightly blushed, and dotted with brown, thin skin; flesh yellowish-white, very sweet, juicy; second for dessert, first for household; end of Oct.

=Pardee. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 530. 1857.

Raised by S. D. Pardee, New Haven, Conn. Fruit small, globular, greenish-yellow, much covered with russet; flesh coarse, granular, buttery, juicy, melting, with a high vinous flavor, strongly perfumed; Oct.

=Parfum d'Aout. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:136. 1768. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:496, fig. 1869.

The Parfum d'Aout described here is the variety described under that name by Jean Merlet in 1675 and 1690 and afterwards by Duhamel in 1768. It probably originated in the village of Berny, not far from Paris. Fruit small, long, nearly pyriform, enlarged on one side more than the other at the lower end; skin smooth, pale yellow, slightly tinged with green, covered with dots and small speckles of fawn, tinged with a beautiful red on the side exposed to the sun; flesh white, semi-fine, breaking or semi-breaking, some grit around the core; juice rarely abundant, saccharine, sweet, with a perfume of musky-anis; second; end of Aug.

=Parfum d'Hiver. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 151. 1846. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:497, fig. 1869.

As early as 1600, this variety was grown in France under the name _Bouvert Musqué_. Tree rather vigorous, very productive. Fruit medium, roundish-turbinate, olive-yellow washed with bright red; stem rather long; calyx large, partially open; flesh brittle, juicy; good for cooking; Feb. to Apr.

=Parfum de Rose. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =3=:Pt. 1, 185, fig. 91. 1866-73.

Obtained by Bivort and first introduced in 1849. Fruit small, long-pyriform, rather irregular in contour; skin fine, a little thick, water-green and whitish at first, sprinkled with small dots of grayish-green, combined with many stains of the same color, passing at maturity to dull yellow; flesh nearly white, very fine, buttery, melting; juice sufficient, having a distinct perfume of rose, which is its chief distinguishing feature; end of Sept.

=Parfumé. 1.= Miller _Gard. Dict._ =3=: 1807.

Fruit medium, globular; skin rather thick and tough, of a deep red color, spotted with brown; flesh melting, but dry and has a perfumed flavor; end of Aug.

=Parfumée. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:186, fig. 578. 1881.

French. Gained by M. Pariset, Courciat-Dongalon, Fr., and fruited for the first time in 1869. Fruit medium, globular-ovate, short and thick; skin thick, pale green, sprinkled with numerous greenish-gray dots only slightly visible on the side next the sun, at maturity pale yellow and the exposed cheek more or less warm gold; flesh white tinted with yellow, fine, melting, gritty around the center; juice abundant, sugary and perfumed; first; beginning of winter.

=Parrot. 1.= Bunyard-Thomas _Fr. Gard._ 140. 1904.

Introduced in England about 1900. Fruit like Bergamot in form; very richly flavored; Oct.

=Parsonage. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 530. 1857. =2.= _Ibid._ 828. 1869.

Originated at New Rochelle, N. Y. Fruit medium to large, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, often inclined, orange-yellow, rough, generally shaded with dull crimson, netted and patched with russet and thickly sprinkled with russet dots; flesh white, slightly coarse, somewhat granular, juicy, melting, with a refreshing vinous flavor; good; Sept.

=Passa-tutti. 1.= Christ _Handb._ 497. 1817. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 101. 1876.

An Italian autumn pear. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyriform, greenish-yellow, much covered with yellowish-gray russet, lighter yellow on the sunny side, with some red blush; flesh agreeable, with a Muscat flavor; third; Nov. and Dec.

=Passans du Portugal. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =4=:390. 1838. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 626. 1884.

Passans du Portugal would seem from its name to be of Portuguese origin. It should not be confused with Summer Portugal although the two varieties have various synonyms in common and have some qualities in common. Fruit medium, oblate, flattened after the Bergamot type, lively green changing to pale yellow on ripening, red next the sun brightening toward maturity to a more vivid shade; flesh white, breaking, juicy, with a fine sugary and perfumed flavor; an excellent dessert pear; Aug.

=Passe-Colmar des Belges. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:502. 1869.

Origin unknown but was found growing under this name in the collection of the Horticultural Society of Angers early in the last century. Fruit above medium, turbinate-obtuse and bossed, yellow, dotted and streaked with russet; flesh white, coarse, semi-breaking, wanting in juice and sugar, sharp and acidulous; third; Nov.

=Passe Colmar d'Été. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 101. 1876.

French. Fruit small, turbinate, olive-green; flesh very juicy; good; Sept.

=Passe Colmar Musqué. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =5=:45, fig. 1857. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 627. 1884.

Obtained by Major Espéren, Mechlin, Bel., from a bed of mixed seeds he made about 1831. It yielded its first fruit and was published in 1845. _Passe Colmar Musqué_ is also known as _Autumn Colmar_ but is distinct from the variety most usually known by that name. Fruit medium and sometimes less, turbinate, otherwise obtuse-conic, rather variable in form; skin thick, tender, green changing to golden-yellow, dotted, mottled and patched with pale cinnamon-russet and often washed on the side next the sun with a light transparent red; flesh slightly yellowish, very fine, melting, very saccharine, richly flavored, aromatic and scented; first; Nov.

=Passe Crassane. 1.= _Pom. France_ =2=:No. 82, Pl. 82. 1863. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 192. 1920.

This winter pear was raised by M. Boisbunel, a nurseryman at Rouen, Fr., from a bed of mixed seeds which he made in 1845; it bore fruit and was first published at Rouen in 1855. Fruit medium or rather large, turbinate or globular-conic, flattened in Bergamot fashion; skin rough, thick, of a dull pale green, mottled with russet markings and passing to yellow on the side turned to the sun; flesh white, fine, melting, very juicy, saccharine, perfumed, and agreeably sprightly; very good; Jan. to Mar.

=Passe-Goemans. 1.= Mas. _Pom. Gen._ =3=:111, fig. 152. 1878.

_Goemans Gelbe Sommerbirne._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:91. 1856.

Belgian, and probably from Van Mons in 1825. Fruit medium, globular, ventriculous, sides unequal, very obtuse, uniformly citron-yellow, blushed with cinnamon on the sun-exposed side; flesh very full of flavor; first; end of Sept.

=Passe Madeleine. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:131. 1843.

Probably a French variety. Tree vigorous and very productive. Fruit medium, long, lemon-yellow, lightly tinted with gray on the side next the sun; flesh melting, sugary, rather perfumed; beginning of Sept.

=Passe-Tardive. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ 506. fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 829. 1869.

Obtained by Major Espéren of Mechlin, Bel., and first published in 1843. Fruit above medium to large, turbinate, regular, bossed and much swelled in all its lower part and greatly contracted at the summit; flesh white, semi-fine and semi-melting, gritty around the core; juice seldom abundant, sugary, agreeable, though but slightly perfumed; second or third for dessert, first for the kitchen; Apr. to June.

=Pastor. 1.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:197. 1908.

Reported in the Experimental orchard at Agassiz, Br. C., in 1900 and at various Canadian Experiment Farms in 1902. Fruit medium, oblate-pyriform, yellow; flesh melting, sugary, juicy, perfumed flavor; good; late season.

=Pastorale, 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:231, Pl. LV. 1768. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 628. 1884.

Mayer, director of the gardens of the Grand Duke of Wurtzburg, Bavaria, described this pear in his _Pomona franconica_ in 1776 and 1801, and Duhamel du Monceau wrote of it in 1768. Earlier still Le Lectier spoke of its cultivation before 1628 under the name _Musette d'Hiver rosate_, Merlet called it _Pastorale_ in 1675, and La Quintinye named it _Pastourelle_ and _Musette d'Autumne_ in 1688. Fruit above medium, pyriform, slightly obtuse, much puckered at the summit and generally larger on one side than on the other; skin greenish, nearly covered with gray-russet, sprinkled with large brown dots, vermilioned on the side of the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, more or less gritty around the core; juice abundant, rather sugary, slightly acid; Nov. to Jan.

=Pater Noster. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 532. 1857. =2.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =6=:33, fig. 1858.

Mentioned in the Van Mons catalog of fruits cultivated from 1798 to 1823. Fruit above medium, and often large, variable in form, oblong or long-turbinate, slightly obtuse, contorted and bossed, clear olive-yellow; flesh white, fine, melting or semi-melting, watery; juice abundant, saccharine, very vinous, acidulous, with an agreeable aroma; first; Nov.

=Paul Ambre. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 830. 1869. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 101. 1876.

A Belgian variety resembling Nec Plus Meuris; origin unknown. Fruit globular or globular-oval, pale greenish-yellow, shaded with crimson on the side next the sun, dots and markings of russet; flesh whitish, buttery, melting, juicy, sweet; good to very good; Oct.

=Paul Bonamy. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:215, fig. 106. 1866-73.

M. Bonamy, a nurseryman at Toulouse, Fr., obtained this pear and named it after his son. It was first published in 1865. Fruit large, ovate, bossed; skin fine, thin, oily and scented at maturity; flesh white, semi-fine, a little fibrous when the fruit is too ripe, melting or semi-melting, streaming with sugary juice, sprightly, highly perfumed; good; Sept.

=Paul Coppieters. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 97. 1895.

Sent out by M. Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel., previous to 1895. Fruit rather large, pyriform-turbinate, yellow, dotted and heavily marbled with reddish-yellow; flesh white, very fine, free from granulations, buttery, saccharine and aromatic; beginning of Nov.

=Paul d'Hoop. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 104. 1895.

Sent out in 1895 as a new variety by M. Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel. Fruit medium, covered with fawn-russet; flesh fine, yellowish-white, buttery, vinous, saccharine, having a delicious aroma; Jan. and Feb.

=Paul Thielens. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:510, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 830. 1869.

Paul Thielens came from a seed bed made by Van Mons in 1829 in his nursery at Louvain, Bel. Fruit large, ovate, very irregular, bossed and swelled, or ovate, nearly globular; skin a little rough, transparent greenish-yellow, dotted and marked with grayish-russet, slightly blushed with dull red on the side next the sun; flesh white, semi-fine and semi-melting, gritty at the center; juice rarely abundant, more or less saccharine, slightly aromatic; second; Oct.

=Pauls Birne. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 102. 1876.

_Poire de Paul._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:15, fig. 488. 1881.

Fruit large or rather large, globular-conic or conic-obtuse, dull water-green, usually entirely covered with a wash of cinnamon color which at maturity becomes golden, and the side exposed to the sun is blushed with a garnet red on which are numerous small gray dots; flesh white tinted with yellow, rather fine, breaking, gritty about the core, juicy, sugary, vinous, slightly perfumed; first for cooking; winter, lasting well toward the end.

=Payen. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:511, fig. 1869.

Raised by M. Boisbunel, a nurseryman at Rouen, Fr., from a mixed seed bed made in 1845. It was reported on in 1860 and propagated in 1863. It is distinct from both Beurré Payen and Président Payen. Fruit medium, obovate-pyriform, bright greenish-yellow, mottled with fawn and covered with large and numerous brownish dots; flesh white, fine, melting, juicy, sweet; first class; Oct.

=Payenche. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:512, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 830. 1869.

_Paquency._ =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 404. 1845.

Found in a hedge at the village of Payenche in Périgord, Fr. It was taken to Paris in 1805. Fruit nearly medium, oblong-ovate-pyriform, light yellow stained or marbled and dotted with gray-russet and colored with brick-red on the side of the sun; flesh white, semi-fine, melting or semi-melting, some grit around the core; juice extremely abundant, very saccharine, acidulous, with a savory perfume and a slight after-taste of anis; first; Oct.

=Payton.=

According to letters from Nicholas Hallock, Queens, N. Y., this variety originated on the premises of a Mr. Payton of Flatbush, L. I., and had been known locally as Payton for some time previous to 1898. Fruit obovate-obtuse-roundish, about the size of Doyenné Boussock, dull green becoming yellow, thickly sprinkled with small brownish dots; stem short, stout, set in a rather shallow, russeted cavity; calyx open, placed in a shallow, wide basin; flesh not coarse, not gritty, not stringy, white, moderately juicy, good but not highly flavored; Sept., later than Bartlett.

=Peach. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 533. 1857. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 629. 1884.

_Pêche._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:513, fig. 1869.

A variety obtained by Major Espéren, Mechlin, Bel., from a bed of mixed seeds he made in 1836, and first reported in 1845. Fruit small to medium, globular-obovate; skin smooth, pale greenish-yellow when ripe, occasionally tinted with a faint blush of red on the side toward the sun, dotted and mottled with brown; flesh white, citrine, fine, very melting, very juicy, sweet, richly flavored and delicately perfumed; first in France, but variable according to climate; Aug.

=Pei-li. 1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 376. 1881.

Pei-li or _Snow pears_: A race of pears grown in northwestern China; globular, white, juicy and generally regarded as the best fruits in the country.

=Pemberton. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 831. 1869.

A seedling of S. A. Shurtleff, Boston, Mass. Fruit medium, inclining to oval, light green, thickly sprinkled with dark dots, yellowish on the side of the sun, with sometimes a red cheek; flesh somewhat coarse, but juicy, sweet; good; Feb. and Mar.

=Penderson. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 831. 1869.

Raised by Samuel Penderson, New Haven, Conn. Fruit medium, globular, greenish-yellow; flesh white, breaking, semi-melting, brisk, rather astringent; good; Oct.

=Pendleton Early York. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =14=:381, fig. 41. 1848.

_York-précoce de Pendleton._ =2.= _Guide Prat._ 114, 313. 1876.

Originated by Mrs. Jeremiah York, Connecticut, about 1826 from seed of Rousselet Hâtif. Fruit medium or below, obovate, varying to obtuse-pyriform, pale greenish-yellow, with russet specks, sometimes with a faint blush; flesh white, tender, sweet, melting, slightly perfumed; good; last of July.

=Pengethley. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 197. 1832.

Raised by T. A. Knight, President of the London Horticultural Society, who, in February, 1832, sent cions of the variety to Mr. Lowell and the Massachusetts Agricultural Society. Fruit medium, inclining to oval, obovate, pale green, covered with dark dots, changing to yellow as it ripens, sometimes having a red cheek; flesh somewhat coarse, but juicy, sweet, and good; Feb. and Mar.

=Penn. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =18=:58, fig. 1863. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 831. 1869.

The original tree was planted at the beginning of the last century close to the old Penn Manor in Pennsylvania and on the margin of land which became the track of the Camden and Amboy Railroad. Inasmuch as its position was so close to the railway the company threatened to cut it down. Hence it acquired the name of _Railroad Fuss_ by which it was known for many years. Fruit medium, oblate, sometimes globular-oblate, angular, pale lemon-yellow, thickly sprinkled with small grayish and russet dots, sometimes with a few patches and dots of russet around the calyx; flesh white, a little coarse, very juicy, melting, with a sweet, pleasant, refreshing flavor, slightly aromatic, with a little musky perfume; good to very good; Oct.

=Pennsylvania. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =10=:213. 1844. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 832. 1869.

A seedling found on the ground of J. B. Smith of Pennsylvania. In 1845 the original tree was stated to be nearly forty feet high, of a pyramidal form and remarkably robust habit. Fruit medium, obovate, tapering toward the stem, obtuse, brown-russet on dull yellow ground, ruddy on the sunny side; flesh yellowish-white, coarse, melting, juicy, rich, sugary, slightly perfumed and with a musky flavor; good but not strictly first rate; as an American fruit it may be ranked with Buffum, Cushing and Fulton; Oct.

=Pepin. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:515, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 629. 1884.

This pear was growing in the orchard of Le Lectier in Anjou, Fr., in the year 1600 and was described by Claude Saint-Étienne in 1670. Fruit below medium and sometimes small, globular, bossed, always mammillate at the summit, meadow-green, clouded with pale yellow, dotted with gray and extensively washed with brick red on the side turned to the sun; flesh whitish, fine or semi-fine, breaking, watery; at the center are numerous granulations; juice very saccharine, sweet and savory; second; mid-Aug.

=Perpetual. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 832. 1869.

Said to have originated on Long Island, N. Y. Disseminated by Messrs. Berckmans, Augusta, Ga. Fruit medium, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, green and yellow, beautifully blushed in the sun; flesh whitish, firm, moderately juicy, sweet; good; keeps till May.

=Perrier. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 111. 1876.

Obtained by M. Morel in 1873. Fruit medium, globular, green; flesh fine, melting, juicy; good; beginning of Aug. Tree vigorous and fertile.

=Pertusati. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:516, fig. 1869.

Raised in the nurseries of M. André Leroy, Angers, Fr., in 1867. Fruit medium, globular-ovate, irregular, having one side larger than the other; skin rough, golden-yellow, finely dotted with gray, marbled with clear brown around the calyx and the stem; flesh white, fine, melting; juice abundant, very saccharine, with an acidulous flavor, very pleasant and delicately perfumed; first; Nov.

=Petersbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:33. 1856.

_Petite Poire de Pierre._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:101, fig. 243. 1879.

_Kleine Petersbirne._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 242. 1889.

Altenburg, Ger., 1799. Fruit small, clear green, sprinkled with numerous minute blackish-green dots, turning to dull yellow at maturity and washed over a large area of its surface with dark red, on which the dots are of a darker red; flesh greenish-white, very fine, semi-breaking, sufficiently juicy and agreeably perfumed; a good fruit to preserve or to dry; Aug.

=Petit-Blanquet. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:132, Pl. VI. 1768. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:517, fig. 1869.

_Little Blanquet._ =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 802. 1869.

_Small Blanquet._ =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 646. 1884.

This variety was known in French gardens in the middle of the sixteenth century under the name _Poire Perle_, and some years later also by that of _Petit-Blanquet_. Fruit small or very small; form rather inconstant, slightly obtuse-pyriform, or more obtuse-ovate; skin smooth and transparent and shining, clear pale yellow or of a white, waxy and pearl-like tone, sprinkled with greenish dots, with occasionally a blush of tender rose on the side next the sun; flesh very white, semi-fine, breaking and firm; juice rarely abundant, saccharine, savory although only slightly perfumed; a second class dessert pear; Aug.

=Petit Catillac. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3=:3, fig. 98. 1878.

_Kleiner Katzenkopf_. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 242. 1889.

This pear is probably of German origin. It has points of resemblance in common with the old French Catillac but is distinguished by its size, being often less than that of the latter, its time of maturity being earlier, its flesh being less breaking, more saccharine and without any tartness. Fruit large, ovate-pyriform and much swelled, even in contour, green at first, sprinkled with large, regularly spaced, prominent, brown dots, the green passing to lemon-yellow at maturity, with a blush of red-brown on well-exposed fruits on the side next the sun; flesh white, coarse, semi-buttery; juice abundant, rather vinous and without any appreciable perfume; good for the kitchen; Oct. and Nov.

=Petit-Chaumontel. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:519, fig. 1869.

From the old garden of the Horticultural Society of Angers, Fr., and sometimes erroneously confused with Oignon which ripens some six weeks earlier. Fruit medium, globular, very bossed and irregular in form, clear green, dotted, veined with russet and extensively washed with carmine on the side turned to the sun; flesh very white, semi-fine, breaking, gritty at center; juice sufficient, saccharine, vinous, slightly astringent; second; latter half of Aug.

=Petit-Hâtiveau. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:520, fig. 1869.

A variety of ancient and unknown origin, but cultivated among a group of pears termed _Hâtiveau_ for over the last five centuries. It was called by the name _Petit-Hâtiveau_ by Claude Saint-Étienne in 1670 to distinguish it from the _Gros-Hâtiveau_. Fruit small, ovate, obtuse and more or less globular; skin smooth and fine, lemon-yellow, dotted with exceedingly minute greenish points and more or less stained with gray-russet around the calyx and stem; flesh whitish, breaking, semi-fine, scented, juicy and gritty, juice sugary, acid, and slightly musky; third; July.

=Petit-Muscat. 1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =1=:75, Tab. 1. 1771. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:522, fig. 1869.

_Little Muscat_. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 802. 1869.

Jean Mayer, director of the gardens of the Grand Duke of Wurtzburg, Bavaria, in his _Pomona franconica_ published in 1801 showed that the Petit-Muscat was the antique pear _Superba_ described by Pliny. Various other pomologists wrote of it prior to Mayer as for instance Jacq. Daléchamp, 1615; Jean Jonston, 1662; and Henri Manger, 1783. Charles Estienne was the first to write of it in France, 1530, and he named it _Musquette_. Fruit very small, turbinate, more or less obtuse and sometimes globular-turbinate; the eye is placed in a regular-formed cavity and is always naked in consequence of the segments of the calyx falling off, pale greenish-yellow, finely dotted and slightly clouded with rose on the side of the sun (in France); flesh yellowish, semi-fine, breaking, not very juicy, sugary, acidulous and with a pleasant musk flavor; second; June.

=Petit-Oin. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:524, fig. 1869.

_Winterwunder_. =2.= Christ Handb. 497. 1817.

_Müskirte Schmeerbirne_. =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:13. 1856.

_Merveille d'Hiver_. =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 616. 1884.

Valerius Cordus was the first to describe this pear which originated in Germany and belongs to the Schmeerbirne or greasy class. About 1650 it was cultivated in France under the name of _Oing_ or _Oin_, the French equivalent of the German _speck_ or _lard_. Fruit medium or less, globular-ovate or turbinate, slightly obtuse at summit, with thick but smooth and greasy skin, dull yellow-green, more or less gray, dotted and flecked with greenish-russet; flesh whitish, granular, scented, exceedingly melting and juicy, very saccharine, free from acid and having an exquisite flavor; third; Sept. to Nov.

=Petite Charlotte. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 102. 1876.

French. Fruit small, pyramidal, greenish-yellow, highly colored on the side of the sun; flesh breaking, juicy, vinous; excellent; Aug. and Sept.

=Petite Fondante. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =6=:153, fig. 461. 1880.

_Kleine Schmalzbirne_. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 242. 1889.

Origin unknown. Fruit small, nearly spherical, sometimes depressed at both poles, even in contour; skin rather thick and yet tender, pale water-green, sown with numerous very faint, very small, brown dots; at maturity the basic green whitens a little and the side next the sun of fruits well exposed becomes a lighter yellow; flesh whitish, semi-fine, semi-melting, rather gritty around the core, highly saccharine, vinous and sprightly; good; end of Aug.

=Petite Marguerite. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:526, fig. 1869. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 192. 1920.

Raised in the nurseries of M. André Leroy, Angers, Fr., in 1862 and propagated in 1863. Fruit medium, irregular ovate, bossed, swelled at the base and having one side always larger than the other, grass-green, dotted with gray and brown and slightly bronzed on the cheek exposed to the sun; flesh greenish-white, fine and very melting, slightly gritty at the center; juice extremely abundant and saccharine, acidulous, with a very pleasant perfume; first; Aug.

=Petite Tournaisienne. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 111. 1876.

A variety on trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz. Fruit medium, oval, oblong, yellow; flesh very fine, semi-melting; Apr. and May.

=Petite Victorine. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:528, fig. 1869.

A seedling of M. André Leroy raised in 1863. Fruit below medium, globular, flattened at the base but slightly conic at its other extremity, greenish, dotted and marbled with russet; flesh white, fine, melting, generally free from grit; juice sufficient, saccharine, acidulous, with a specially exquisite, musky flavor; first; Dec. and Jan.

=Petre. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =2=:437. 1836. =2.= _Ibid._ =3=:83. 1838.

This valuable variety was raised by John Bartram, the proprietor of a botanic garden near Philadelphia, from seed received in a letter from Lord Petre of England about the year 1735. The tree still stands, although becoming decrepit. Fruit medium, obovate, truncate at both ends; skin thin, greenish-yellow, with small pale spots; flesh white, soft, juicy and buttery, with a delicious flavor, very slightly musky and vinous; very good; mid-Sept. to Dec.

=Pfaffenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:193. 1856.

Württemberg and Baden, Ger., 1847. Fruit small, turbinate, yellow, tinted with a dark cinnamon-colored blush on the side next the sun; the summit is covered with russet, thickly sprinkled with gray dots; flesh firm and tasteless.

=Pfingstbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:96. 1856.

German seedling, 1851. Fruit medium, globular, green turning yellowish-green, speckled and dotted with gray; skin thin and scentless; flesh rather white, sweet and musky; first for table, household and market; early summer.

=Philiberte. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 111. 1876.

French. Fruit rather large, nearly globular, a beautiful lemon-yellow; flesh very fine, melting, very juicy, agreeably perfumed; first; Dec. and Jan.

=Philippe-Le-Bon. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:161, fig. 81. 1872.

_Philipp der Gute_. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:4. 1856.

According to the catalog of Van Mons of 1823 this was one of his seedlings. Fruit hardly medium, ovate, or turbinate-ovate, short and thick, usually even in outline; skin thick, firm, glossy, pale green, whitish-brown dots; at maturity the basic green passes to pale dull yellow, washed with some clear cerise-red; flesh white, rather coarse, buttery, not much juice, but vinous and perfumed; good; Sept. and Oct.