Chapter V: Minor Varieties of Pears (12)

Germany. Published by Diel in 1825. Fruit medium, pyriform, otherwise conic; skin rough and entirely covered with cinnamon-colored russet, often faintly blushed; second for table; third for household; Sept.

=Langstielige Zuckerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:141. 1856.

German. Published by Diel, 1833. Fruit medium, long-pyriform or even gourd-shaped, light green changing to light yellow, without russet or red blush, semi-melting, fine, juicy, sweet, with cinnamon flavor; second for dessert, first for culinary use; Nov.

=Lansac. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:241, Pl. LVII. 1768. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:326, 327, fig. 1869. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 602. 1884.

_Herbstbirne ohne Schale._ =4.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:86. 1856.

Originated at Hazé near Tours, Fr. Merlet described it in 1667. In the catalog of the Chartreuse Fathers, Paris, there occurs in 1736 the following passage. "The Pear _de Lansac_, or _Dauphin_, which many authors name _Satin_ ... was presented for the first time to Louis XIV ... by Madame de Lansac...." As King Louis ascended the throne in 1638 the pear would seem to have been originated between that year and 1857, the year in which Madame de Lansac died. Fruit medium, sometimes less, globular-turbinate, dull yellow, sprinkled with numerous minute, russet dots; flesh fine, yellowish-white, melting, juicy, sweet, rich, aromatic, with an after-flavor of anis; second, but first when the flesh is well perfumed; Oct. to Dec.

=Large Duchess. 1.= _Ala. Sta. Bul._ =30=:12. 1891.

A variety of Oriental type planted at the Agricultural Experiment Station at Auburn, Ala., in 1885. It was reported in 1891 as free from blight, and still on trial.

=Larissa. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:517. 1853.

Submitted to the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society in 1853 as a seedling by a Mr. Ladd of Philadelphia. Fruit small, obovate-pyriform, greenish-yellow, a good deal russeted, with a mottled red cheek; flesh rather dry, saccharine and pleasant; scarcely good.

=Laure Gilbert. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 95. 1895.

Distributed by M. Gilbert, Antwerp, Bel., in 1886. The fruit bears much resemblance to that of the Chaumontel, but its flesh is much more melting and its flavor more sprightly; Oct.

=Laure de Glymes. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:328, fig. 1869.

The parent tree was raised from a seed bed made by Van Mons in 1827 at Louvain. Fruit ovate, or more or less globular and swelled, nearly always mammillate at summit; skin thick, bronzed, having on the side next the sun some orange-yellow; flesh white, semi-melting, watery, gritty about the core; juice sufficient, sweet, vinous, perfumed; second; Sept.

=Laxton Bergamot. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ =26=:497. 1886. =2.= _Jour. Hort._ =13=:339. 1887.

A new seedling pear shown by a Mr. Laxton, Bedford, Eng., at the Royal Horticultural Society's meeting at South Kensington in October, 1886. Tree fertile and the fruits are not easily blown off by the wind. Fruit small, exceedingly juicy and rich; a delicious pear.

=Le Breton. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 798. 1869.

Origin unknown. Fruit medium, obovate, obtuse-pyriform, irregular, yellow, netted and patched with russet, with numerous russet dots; flesh yellowish, rather coarse at core, melting, juicy, sweet, aromatic; good; Nov. to Jan.

=Le Brun. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:503, fig. 1867. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 183. 1920.

M. Gueniot, nurseryman at Troyes, Fr., sowed seeds the plants from which fruited in 1862. One of these he named Le Brun. Fruit above medium to large, oblong-conic, slightly obtuse and generally bossed and rather contorted about the summit, bright yellow, sprinkled with bright brown spots, and largely stained with fawn about calyx and stem and often also on the side next the sun; flesh yellowish-white, semi-fine, and dense, melting, seldom gritty and rarely has seeds; juice abundant, sugary, acidulous, savory but often with an excessive taste of musk, spoiling its delicacy; first; end of Sept.

=Le Congo. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 95. 1895.

Distributed by M. Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel., and in the trial orchards of Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Tree vigorous and fairly prolific. Fruit medium; flesh semi-fine, very saccharine and highly scented; Nov. and Dec.

=Le Lecher. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 3rd Ser. =4=:334. 1888.

This seedling, raised by A. Lesuer, Ypres, Bel., resulted from Bartlett fertilized with Fortunée. Fruit large, pyriform, yellow, spotted with drab spots; flesh white, juicy, sugary, brisk and perfumed, free from grit; Jan. to Mar.

=Leclerc-Thouin. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:330, fig. 1869.

Raised by M. André Leroy at Angers, Fr., and fruited first in 1867. Fruit above medium, conic, very obtuse and generally more curved on one side than on the other; skin uneven, clear yellow, clouded with green and partially covered with russet on which appear small specks of gray; flesh whitish, semi-fine, watery, very melting, granular around the core; juice sugary, vinous and slightly acid, perfumed flavor; first; Sept.

=Lederbirne. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 89. 1845. =2.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 202, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit medium, truncated-pyriform, somewhat bossed and irregular in outline, leaf-green turning greenish-yellow, gray russet dots, blushed on the sunny side; flesh yellow-white, coarse-grained, very juicy, subacid; Oct. to Dec.

=Lee. 1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 375. 1854.

Originated at Salem, Mass. Fruit small to medium, globular-oval, greenish-russet, brown in the sun; flesh white, coarse, juicy, good; Sept.

=Lee Seckel. 1.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 565. 1885.

Fruit medium to large, obovate, rich russet; flesh buttery, rich, perfumed; very good; Sept.

=Léger. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 95. 1895.

Obtained from a seed bed of Winter Nelis by M. Sannier. Tree of moderate vigor, fertile and suitable for all forms of culture. Fruit medium, globular-ovate; flesh fine, acidulous; Oct.

=Lehoferbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 126, fig. 1913.

A perry pear widely distributed in Upper and Lower Austria under various names. Fruit medium to large, globular-pyriform, leaf-green turning yellow at maturity, dotted and marked with russet, well-exposed fruit blushed; flesh yellow-white, coarse-grained, very juicy, astringent, saccharine, acidulous; mid-Oct. and keeps in storage till end of Nov.

=Leipziger Rettigbirn. 1.= Lauche _Deut. Pom._ =II=:No. 92, Pl. 92. 1883.

_Radis de Leipsick._ =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:125, fig. 61. 1866-73.

_Leipsic Radish._ =3.= _Can. Exp. Farms. Rpt._ 379. 1902.

Originated at Duben near Leipsic, Saxony. It was published by Diel in 1807. Fruit small, nearly spherical or spherical-ovate, a little more constricted at the stem end then toward the calyx, light green turning to yellow-green and slightly golden on the cheek next the sun, brown around the summit, and with numerous light brown dots; flesh yellowish-white, buttery, juicy, very pleasantly perfumed, having a slight Bergamot flavor; good for dessert, first for cuisine; Aug. to Oct.

=Lemon= (Massachusetts). =1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 43. 1866.

A seedling of S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass.; first fruited in 1862. Fruit large, turbinate, yellow.

=Lemon= (Russia). =1.= _Ind. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 82. 1886. =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 170. 1894.

Imported from Russia in 1879. It was reported in 1894 to have fruited in Iowa, and collectively with some other varieties was described as "generally 'off' in color, coarse, some of them leathery and corky, and all without melting qualities or flavor."

=Lenawee. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 106. 1856. =2.= Field _Pear Cult._ 273. 1858.

Origin unknown. Distributed in Lenawee County, Mich., in 1856; it was named by the Adrian Horticultural Society. At that time it was supposed to have been introduced from western New York some twenty-five years previously. Fruit medium to large, oblate-pyriform, one side generally being larger than the other; surface frequently irregular, lemon-yellow, with small russet specks, washed with bright vermilion on the side next the sun; flesh yellowish-white, tender, buttery, with a high and peculiar, aromatic flavor; very good; early to mid-Aug.

=Leochine de Printemps. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =20=:236. 1854. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 98. 1876.

On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, in 1876. Fruit medium, obovate-pyriform, yellow, netted and patched with russet, sprinkled with russet dots; flesh melting, white, firm, not very juicy; a beautiful and good fruit; Feb. and Mar.

=Léon Dejardin. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 98. 1876.

Obtained at Boussoir, Maubeuge, Nord, Fr. Fruit medium, pyriform, ventriculous, resembles the Beurré Bollwiller, semi-melting, juicy, sugary, refreshing; good for its season; May and June.

=Léon Grégoire. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =4=:63, fig. 1856. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:618, fig. 1869.

This variety was gained by Xavier Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel., and was fruited first in 1852. Fruit large, sometimes medium, oblong-obtuse-pyriform, sometimes more or less globular, dull yellow, dotted and marbled with fawn on its shaded side and entirely stained with grayish-russet on the exposed face, becoming pale yellow and golden at maturity; flesh yellowish-white, coarse, semi-melting, sweet, watery, acidulous, vinous, agreeable; second, inconstant in quality, sometimes good; Dec. and Jan.

=Léon Leclerc Épineux. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:333, fig. 1869.

In the bulletin of the Society Van Mons, 1857, this variety is stated to have been obtained by Van Mons, though some doubt has been raised as to its origin. Fruit large, ovate-pyriform, often rather contorted; skin rough, thick, grayish-yellow, finely dotted with russet and stained with the same around the calyx and stalk and sometimes clouded and streaked with red on the face exposed to the sun; flesh yellowish-white, coarse, breaking, granular at the center; juice sufficient, vinous and sugary; third for dessert, first for cooking; Nov.

=Léon Leclerc de Laval. 1.= _Pom. France_ =3=:No. 99, Pl. 99. 1865. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 603. 1884.

This, which is different from Léon Leclerc (Van Mons), was obtained at Louvain in 1825 by Van Mons. Fruit large, turbinate-obtuse-pyriform, yellow-ochre, finely dotted with gray-russet and marked with some tracing of russet, occasionally washed with a little red; flesh very white, semi-melting or semi-breaking, watery, gritty, juicy, sweet, slightly perfumed; third for dessert, first for stewing; Jan. to May.

=Léon Recq. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 95. 1895.

On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, in 1895, who received it from M. Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel. Fruit large or nearly large, pyriform, lemon-yellow when ripe; flesh fine, slightly acid, sugary, perfumed; Nov. and Dec.

=Léon Rey. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:336, fig. 1869.

In 1856, M. Rey, Toulouse, Fr., sowed seeds of the best French pears, and in the following year selected the most promising seedlings, one of which received the name Léon Rey. Fruit medium and sometimes rather larger, turbinate, very round in its lower part, and conic-obtuse at the top, golden-yellow, finely dotted and stained with fawn and nearly always washed with tender rose on the face exposed to the sun; flesh very white and fine, melting, free from grit; juice very abundant, sugary, acidulous, having a delicious flavor; first; Oct.

=Léonce de Vaubernier. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 72. 1876.

Tree vigorous on quince, very fertile. Fruit rather large, ovate, very pale green, touched with russet and washed with dark carmine; flesh yellowish, fine, dense, of a highly agreeable flavor; third; second half of Sept.

=Léonie. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 95. 1895.

Sent out by M. Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel. Fruit medium, of Doyenné form, globular-obovate; flesh melting, sugary; good.

=Léonie Bouvier. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 56. 1895.

Obtained by M. Simon Bouvier, Jodoigne, Bel. Tree vigorous on quince, fertile. Fruit medium, pyriform, whitish-yellow blushed with orange-red; flesh fine, very melting and juicy, sugary, vinous, perfumed; a very beautiful and excellent fruit; Sept.

=Léonie Pinchart. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 800. 1869.

Described in 1869 as a new Belgian variety. Fruit medium, globular-obovate, greenish-yellow, much covered, netted, and patched with yellow-russet and minute russet dots; flesh whitish, juicy, sweet, melting; very good; Sept. and Oct.

=Léontine Van Exem. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 108. 1876. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3=:181, fig. 187. 1878.

Obtained by Henri Grégoire, Beurechin, Bel. Fruit small, turbinate or conic-turbinate, very clear green changing to pale yellow at maturity, dotted with specks of darker green; some clear russet covers the calyx and the summit, and the side next the sun becomes golden; flesh white, fine, melting, full of juice rich in sugar and perfume of the almond; Oct.

=Leopold I. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 518. 1857. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:338, fig. 1869.

A posthumous gain of Van Mons which gave its first fruit in 1848. Fruit above medium, ovate, regular, swelled in the lower part, obtuse, grass-green, often yellowish, dotted, streaked, and stained with russet; flesh white, with some yellow tinge, fine, very melting, juicy, sweet, vinous, aromatic and delicate; good to very good; Nov.

=Leopold Riche. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 801. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 603. 1884.

One of M. de Jonghe's seedlings. Fruit rather large, obovate, yellow, thickly sprinkled with large cinnamon-russet dots; flesh rather coarse-grained, crisp, buttery, melting; juice abundant, rich, thick and sugary, with a fine almond flavor; a very richly flavored pear; Nov.

=Lepine. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 801. 1869.

Tree of moderate growth but very productive. Fruit small, oblate, yellowish, shaded with crimson, slightly russeted; flesh coarse, granular, melting, juicy, brisk, vinous, good; Nov. and Dec.

=Lesbre. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 415. 1863. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:339, fig. 1869.

Raised from seed at Boulogne-sur-Mer, before 1838, by M. Bonnet. Fruit medium or above, turbinate, very obtuse and swelled, nearly always mammillate at the top; skin rough, olive-yellow, sprinkled with many large russet dots and small brownish stains; flesh white, fine and melting, juicy, rather granular at the core; juice abundant, sugary, vinegary, with a delicate scent of anis; first; end of Aug.

=Levard. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:340, fig. 1869.

Grown on the seed beds of M. Leroy, Antwerp, Bel., and fruited in 1863. Fruit below medium, globular-turbinate, irregular, bossed and always less swollen on one side than on the other; color yellowish-green, dotted with brown and fawn, and entirely covered with bronze-russet on the cheek exposed to the sun; flesh greenish-white, fine, melting and juicy, gritty around the core, sugary, acidulous, musky and very rich in flavor; first; Nov.

=Levester Zuckerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:172. 1856.

Hanover, 1852. Fruit small, obtuse-turbinate, sides unequal, light green changing to greenish-yellow, often streaked with red and finely dotted with greenish-russet; flesh fine, deficient in juice, granular near the center, highly aromatic; first for household and market purposes; Sept. and Oct.

=Lewes. 1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 592. 1629.

Described by John Parkinson in 1629, in England, as "brownish greene pears, ripe about the end of September, a reasonable well rellished fruit, and very moist."

=Lewis. 1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =1=:140. 1831. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 801. 1869.

Originated on the farm of John Lewis, Roxbury, Mass., about 1811. Fruit below medium, globular, obovate, obtuse, dark green in autumn, pale green at maturity, with numerous russet specks; flesh yellowish-white, rather coarse, melting, juicy and rich in flavor, with a slight spicy perfume; Nov. to Feb.

=Lexington. 1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 187. 1896. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:253. 1903.

Originated in Kentucky and is said to resemble Bartlett, but to ripen two weeks earlier. Hardy and free from blight, but described as "too poor" in quality.

=Liberale. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =21=:519. 1855. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 801. 1869.

Belgian. Introduced to this country as a new variety about 1850. Fruit large, obtuse-pyramidal or truncate-pyriform; skin fair, smooth, yellowish-green, very thickly dotted with large, conspicuous, russety specks, and patched with russet; flesh yellowish-white, a little coarse, melting, juicy, sweet, rich, with a peculiar almond, aromatic perfume; a very handsome and fine fruit; Oct.

=Liegel Honigbirne. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 248. 1889.

_Poire de Miel de Liegel._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:47, fig. 24. 1872.

Origin uncertain, probably German. Fruit medium, ovate-pyriform; skin fine and smooth, at first pale green turning to pale yellow, more golden on the side next the sun and very rarely touched with rose; flesh yellow, fine, melting, full of sugary juice, vinous, and with a distinct savor of musk; first; Oct.

=Lieutenant Poidevin. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:344, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 604. 1884.

Flon-Grolleau, a Frenchman, obtained this variety in 1853. Fruit large, obovate and undulating; skin fine, yellow-ochre dotted with gray; flesh yellowish-white, semi-fine, breaking, gritty around the center, sugary, vinous; second for dessert, first for cooking; Mar. and Apr.

=Limon. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:57. 1842. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 802. 1869.

A Van Mons seedling. Fruit rather small, obovate, yellow, with a faint red cheek; flesh white, buttery, melting and juicy, with a sprightly flavor; very good; mid-Aug.

=Linzer Mostbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 188, fig. 1913.

A perry pear taking its name from the town of Linz near Hauptstadt in Upper Austria. Fruit medium, globular to pyriform, yellow, strongly carmined on the sun-exposed side and dotted with red; flesh yellow-white, coarse-grained, with a saccharine, astringent flavor; Oct.

=Livingston Virgalieu. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 803. 1869.

An old variety, grown to some extent along the Hudson River. Fruit globular-obovate, greenish-yellow, patched and dotted with russet; flesh whitish, juicy, nearly melting, sweet, pleasant; good; Sept.

=Locke. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =3=:52. 1837. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 442. 1845.

Raised from seed in the garden of James Locke, West Cambridge, Mass., in 1830. Fruit medium, globular-obovate, full at the crown, ending obtusely at the stem; skin fair, slightly rough, yellowish-green changing to lemon-yellow when ripe, spots of darker hue mingled with russet, tinged with red on the sunny side; flesh yellowish-white, coarse, melting and juicy, rich, sweet and perfumed; good; Dec.

=Lodge. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 178, 179. 1832. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 803. 1869.

A native of Pennsylvania and understood to have originated near Philadelphia. Fruit medium, pyriform, tapering to the stem and larger on one side than on the other, greenish-brown, the green becoming a little paler at maturity and much covered with patches of dull russet; flesh whitish, a little gritty at the core, juicy, melting, with a rather rich flavor, relieved by a pleasant acid; Sept. and Oct.

=Loire-de-Mons. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3=:109, fig. 151. 1878.

A gain of M. Loire, at Mons, Bel. Fruit medium, turbinate, or globular-turbinate, usually regular in contour; skin rather fine and tender, clear and bright green, sprinkled with gray-green dots; at maturity the green becomes clear lemon and golden on the side of the sun; flesh white, fine, very melting, full of juice, acidulous, delicately perfumed; first; end of Sept.

=London Sugar. 1.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 343. 1831. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 605. 1884.

English. Much cultivated in Norfolk for the Norwich market. Fruit below medium, turbinate, pale green approaching lemon-yellow at maturity, with a slight brownish tinge; flesh tender, melting; juice saccharine and of a rich, musky flavor; an excellent early fruit; end of July.

=Long Green. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 803. 1869.

_Belgische Zapfenbirne._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:139. 1856.

_Longue-Verte._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:349, fig. 1869.

_Grüne Lange Herbstbirne._ =4=. Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 228. 1889.

This French pear is distinct from the _Verte Longue_ which is synonymous with _Verte Longue d'Automne_, though these two pears have been confused and have various names in common. It has been cultivated in France for the last 100 years. _Longue Verte_ has ten French synonyms. Fruit above medium, very long, fig-like in form, narrowed from middle to stalk, acute, grass-green passing to brownish-green on the face exposed to the sun, uniformly sprinkled with dots of gray-russet; flesh greenish-white, fine or semi-fine, melting, rather granular around the seeds; juice abundant, saccharine, sweet, with a characteristic perfume, often very slight; second; Sept.

=Long Green of Autumn. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 804. 1869.

_Verte-Longue d'Automne._ =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:729, fig. 1869.

_Lange grüne Herbstbirne._ =3.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 112. 1825.

The Long Green of Autumn, better known abroad as the _Verte-Longue d'Automne_ or _Verte-Longue_, must be distinguished from the Long Green or _Longue-Verte_. It is of very ancient origin and mentioned in the catalog, published by Le Lectier, King's Attorney, in 1628, of the immense nursery he created in 1598. The German author Henri Manger, 1783, considered the _Verte-Longue_ identical with the _Viridium_ of Pliny. Fruit medium to large, turbinate, slightly obtuse, often larger on one side than on the other, green clouded with pale yellow, speckled with large gray spots and very rarely blushed on the exposed side; flesh white, fine, melting, very full of a saccharine, well-flavored, musky juice; first when its juice is well perfumed, but rather variable; Oct.

=Long Green of Esperin. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 804. 1869.

Belgian. Fruit medium, oblong-ovate-pyriform, greenish-yellow, blushed with crimson on the cheek next the sun, patched and netted with russet, with numerous brown dots; flesh yellowish-white, juicy, semi-melting, vinous; good; Sept.

=Longland. 1.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 415. 1831. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 605. 1884.

A very old English perry pear chiefly grown in Herefordshire. Fruit small, turbinate, even, rather handsomely shaped, bright gold, tinged and mottled all over with a lively russety orange, the side next the sun having a pale red cheek; flesh yellow, very astringent.

=Longue du Bosquet. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:348, fig. 1869.

A seedling raised by Leroy. It was reported in 1863. Fruit medium, conic, elongated, regular, obtuse and round at the top, greenish-yellow, dotted with gray, washed with brown at the extremities; flesh greenish, semi-fine, melting, rather gritty at the center; juice abundant, very saccharine, acidulous and deliciously perfumed; first; Sept.

=Longue-garde. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 98. 1876.

On trial in the orchards of Messrs. Simon-Louis at Metz, Lorraine, in 1876. Fruit large, highly perfumed; in season until May.

=Longue-Sucrée. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:49, fig. 217. 1879.

Either German or Austrian. Cataloged by Jahn in 1864. Fruit nearly medium, conic-pyriform, dark green, dotted with gray-brown, changing to pale yellow, clouded with red on the side of the sun, speckled with whitish-gray; flesh whitish, fine, breaking, deficient in juice and sugar, acidulous, with an unpleasant perfume; third; end of Aug.

=Longueville. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 605. 1884.

Much grown in the South of Scotland. It has been conjectured that the tree was brought to Scotland from France by Douglas when Lord of Longueville in the fifteenth century. Fruit large, obovate, regular in outline and handsome, greenish-yellow, with a tinge of pale red next the sun, covered with numerous gray-russet specks, so numerous sometimes as to appear like network; flesh yellowish, breaking, tender, very juicy, sweet and richly flavored; good.

=Longworth. 1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 172. 1892. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 41. 1909.

Originated at Dubuque, Iowa. Its great hardiness and freedom from blight make it valuable in breeding for the North though its fruit is not of such quality as to recommend it where choice varieties can be grown. Fruit medium to large, obtuse-ovate, green turning to yellow; good; mid-season.

=Lorenzbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:47. 1856.

Saxony, 1803. Fruit medium, obtuse-conic, light green, blushed with dark brown on the sunny side changing to light yellow, washed with vivid red, green dots and some cinnamon-russet; flesh yellowish-white, melting, rather gritty around the center; first for kitchen and market, second for dessert; Sept.

=Loriol de Barny. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:351, fig. 1869.

A gain of Leroy from his seed beds at Angers, Fr.; it fruited for the first time in 1862. Fruit medium or above, very long ovate-pyriform, often bossed in its contour; skin thin, yellow-ochre, speckled with minute gray dots and showing some stains of russet; flesh white, fine, melting, almost free from grit; juice very abundant and sugary having a delicate aroma; first; end of Aug. and beginning of Sept.

=Lothrop. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 46. 1866.

A seedling raised by S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass.; it first fruited in 1866. Fruit diameter 2-1/2 in., yellow with russet; flesh white, with good flavor; mid-Sept.

=Loubiat. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 98, 285. 1876.

This variety bears the name of the owner of the parent tree living in the Dordogne. Fruit large, of handsome appearance; flesh yellow; third, yet of good quality for its season; spring until July.

=Louis Cappe. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 98. 1876.

A seedling of Easter Beurré and of similar quality. On trial in the orchards of Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, in 1876. Tree very fertile and vigorous. Fruit medium to large, Bergamot in form; Nov. and Dec.

=Louis Grégoire. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:147, fig. 72. 1866-73. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 606. 1884.

M. Xavier Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel., obtained this pear from a seed bed made in 1832. Fruit below medium, obtuse-turbinate, irregular in form, much larger on one side than on the other, rather rough to the touch, greenish-yellow, dotted and mottled with russet and generally stained with fawn on the side of the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine and semi-melting, juicy, sugary, highly acid, often rather astringent, slightly musky, and sometimes rather delicate; second and sometimes third when the astringency of its juice is too pronounced; Oct.

=Louis Noisette. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 98. 1876.

Published by Boisbunel in 1867. Tree very vigorous and fertile. Fruit rather large, globular-turbinate; flesh fine, very melting and very juicy, sugary and sprightly; first; Nov. and Dec.

=Louis Pasteur. 1.= _Rev. Hort._ 223. 1909.

Obtained by Arsène Sannier, Rouen, Fr. Fruit smooth and fine, clear yellow, strongly washed with fawn on one face and covered with patches of the same color on the other side; flesh yellowish-white, the yellow being more noticeable near the skin, very fine, melting, and sugary, sprightly and perfumed; very good; Dec.

=Louis-Philippe. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 169. 1841. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:354, fig. 1869.

Origin uncertain, though it was described by Prévost, Rouen, Fr., in 1848. Fruit large, turbinate, very obtuse and very irregular in form, swelled, especially on one side on its lower half; skin rough and bronzed all over on a basis of gray-green, sprinkled with numerous large, prominent, brownish dots; flesh white, semi-fine and semi-breaking; juice not abundant, more or less acid, wanting in sugar, slightly perfumed; second; early Oct.

=Louis Van Houte. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 108. 1876.

Classed by Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, with varieties of doubtful or little merit.

=Louis Vilmorin. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:355, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 1st App., 128. 1872.

Originated from seed of Beurré Clairgeau about 1863 by André Leroy, Angers, Fr. Tree vigorous, rather spreading, very productive. Fruit medium to large, pyriform, variable, yellow, netted and dotted with russet, sometimes shaded with red; stem short, curved; calyx large, open; basin medium, uneven, russeted; flesh white, half fine, juicy, melting, sweet, slightly perfumed; good to very good; Dec.

=Louise-Bonne. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:357, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 606. 1884.

Merlet the French pomologist was the first to write of this pear in 1675. Fruit above medium, variable in form, ovate-obtuse and swelled in lower half, or long-pyriform, narrowed toward the stalk; skin thick, smooth, bright green changing as it ripens to yellowish-green, strewed with small dots and some markings of russet; flesh greenish-white, coarse, semi-melting, gritty at center, juicy, only slightly saccharine, generally sweetish and deficient in perfume; variable for dessert, but first for compotes; Dec.

=Louise Bonne d'Avanches Panachée. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 607. 1884.

A variegated form of Louise Bonne de Jersey, the wood and fruit being marked with golden stripes. It originated as a bud sport.

=Louise-Bonne de Printemps. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:359, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 804. 1869.

Obtained by M. Boisbunel, Rouen, Fr., and first published in 1857. Fruit above medium, long obtuse-pyriform, regular in contour, mammillate at summit and slightly bossed at base, yellow-ochre, dotted with greenish-gray; flesh semi-fine and semi-melting, white, gritty around the center, very juicy, rarely sugary, slightly sweet and slightly aromatic; grafted on pear and trained on espalier in a good situation it is a pear of high merit; Feb. to Apr.

=Louise Bonne Sannier. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 110. 1876. =2.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 291, fig. 1906.

M. Sannier, Rouen, Fr., obtained this pear; it was first reported in 1868. Fruit rather small or medium, oval, obliquely obtuse near the stem, dark yellow, touched with bright red; flesh yellow, juicy, melting, remarkably saccharine, sprightly and perfumed; good to very good; Oct. to Dec.

=Louise de Boulogne. 1.= Barry _Fr. Garden_ 317. 1851. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:361. 1869.

Described by Barry in 1851 among "new and rare pears, recently introduced, that give promise of excellence." Leroy wrote of it as a seedling of Van Mons. Fruit large, breaking, keeps through the winter.

=Louise Dupont. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =2=:59, fig. 1854. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =23=:301. 1857.

Louise Dupont was the product of one of the last seedlings raised by Van Mons and was harvested for the first time in 1853. Fruit rather large, sometimes of Doyenné form but usually longer and more turbinate; skin thin, dull green passing to golden yellow at maturity, colored with russet-fawn on the sunny side, dotted and marked with fawn all over; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, full of juice, saccharine and well perfumed; first; Oct. and Nov.

=Louise d'Orléans. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =1=:140. 1846. =2.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =2=:35, fig. 1853.

From seed sown by Van Mons in 1827 at Louvain and first bore fruit in 1843. Fruit medium, oblong-obtuse; skin is of a fine bronzed-green, covered with gray speckles; flesh very white, fine grained and very melting; juice exceedingly rich, sugary and delicious; early Nov.

=Louise de Prusse. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:362, fig. 1869.

Obtained by Van Mons and published by him in September, 1832, but it had already been reported in 1826. Fruit large, turbinate-obtuse, more or less long, considerably swelled toward its lower end; skin thick and rough, yellow-ochre clouded with green, speckled with fine gray dots and stained with light brown around the calyx and stem; flesh white, semi-fine, breaking or semi-breaking, granular at center; juice abundant, very saccharine, acidulous, pleasantly perfumed; second; Sept.

=Louison. 1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =1=:86. 1831.

French. Fruit large, oblong and almost conical, terminated obtusely; skin delicate and smooth, sometimes washed on the sunny side, and in other cases pretty deeply tinged with red, speckled with brownish-red dots, the other side being of a beautiful yellow, scattered with specks of russet; flesh very white, melting, full of very pleasant juice, slightly perfumed but not of high flavor; early Oct.

=Lovaux. 1.= _Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 48. 1871.

Reported by the Committee on Foreign Fruits of the Ohio State Horticultural Society as a new variety which they recommended. Fruit large to medium, juicy, sweet, melting; good; Sept.

=Lübecker Prinzessin Birne. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 249. 1889.

_Princesse de Lubeck._ =2.= _Guide Prat._ 103. 1876.

German; extensively cultivated about Lubeck, Ger. Fruit medium, long-pyriform, beautiful yellow, extensively covered with brilliant crimson; flesh breaking, juicy; good; beginning of Aug.

=Lubin. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:187, fig. 579. 1881.

A seedling found by M. Pariset of Curciat-Dongalon, Ain, Fr.; first reported in 1869. Fruit medium, conic-pyriform, regular in its contour, obtuse, having its largest circumference well below its middle; skin fine, delicate, at first a clear and bright green, sprinkled with very numerous round, small, brown dots only very slightly visible on the side of the sun; at maturity the basic green passes to lemon-yellow, with a golden hue on the exposed side; flesh whitish, very fine, melting, juicy, saccharine, slightly vinous, acidulous; good; winter.

=Lucie Audusson. 1.= _Pom. France_ =4=:No. 172, Pl. 172. 1865.

Obtained by Alexis Audusson, Angers, Fr.; first published in 1861. Fruit large, long, nearly cylindrical, obtuse and slightly narrowed toward the stem, grass-green, finely dotted and speckled with fawn-colored russet; flesh yellowish-white, fine or semi-fine, melting; juice abundant, sugary, vinous, delicately perfumed; first; mid-Nov. to end of Dec.

=Lucien Chauré. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 95. 1895.

Obtained by Arsène Sannier, Rouen, Fr. Tree healthy, vigorous and adaptable for all forms of growth. Fruit medium, grayish-yellow; flesh melting, juicy, fine and sugary; Oct. and Nov.

=Lucien Leclercq. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:366, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 806. 1869.

From a seed bed made by Van Mons in 1829, but it did not bear fruit till after his death in 1844. Fruit below medium and sometimes rather larger, globular-ovate, regular, rarely bossed, pale yellow on the shaded side and darker yellow where exposed, dotted all over with fine gray and green spots; flesh white, coarse, semi-melting and juicy, sugary, acidulous, and aromatic, very gritty around the core; second; latter half of Aug.

=Lucné Hative. 1.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:525. 1860.

Tree vigorous and productive. Fruit medium, elongated, pale green; flesh semi-melting, sugary, moderately perfumed; good; Sept.

=Lucy Grieve. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 607. 1884.

English; bore fruit first in 1873. Named in honor of the little girl who planted and tended the seed, but died before the tree fruited. Fruit large, oval, rather uneven in outline, bossed around the waist and about the calyx, lemon-yellow, with occasionally a brownish-red blush on the side next the sun, sprinkled with cinnamon-colored dots; flesh white, tender, melting, very juicy and richly flavored; first; Oct.

=Luola. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1920.

Said to be a cross between Seckel and Dana Hovey originated by W. C. Eckard, Watervliet, Mich., about 1907. Fruit very small, globular, greenish-yellow, with faint blush, very rich; excellent; Oct.

=Lutovka. 1.= _Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 62, 63. 1899.

Russian. Introduced in 1882. Fruit large; good; mid-season.

=Lutzbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:190. 1856.

German, published in 1801. Fruit medium, obtuse-conic, dull greenish-yellow, slightly blushed, strongly dotted, marked with russet, and covered with rusty russet on the sun-exposed side; flesh granular, gritty near center, semi-melting, aromatic; first for culinary uses; Sept.

=Luxemburger Mostbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 128, fig. 1913.

A perry pear widely distributed in France, Luxemburg, Germany and Austria. Fruit large, globular-oblate, like Bergamot in form, gray-green turning yellow-green when ripe sprinkled with large russet dots and specklings; flesh whitish, coarse-grained, unusually juicy, astringent and sweet flavor; end of Sept.

=Lycurgus. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =12=:365. 1857. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 806, fig. 1869.

Originated with George Hood, Cleveland, Ohio, from seed of Winter Nelis. The tree is productive, and of rather spreading growth. Fruit small, oblong-pyriform, greenish-yellow, much covered with thin brownish-russet, many large grayish dots; flesh yellowish, juicy, melting, sweet, rich, rather aromatic, having some perfume; first, one of the best in quality of late winter pears; Dec. to Feb.

=Lydie Thiérard. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 806. 1869. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 99. 1876.

Originated from a seed of Crassane by Jules Thiérard, Bethel, Fr. Fruit rather large, Bergamot-shaped, clear green, dotted; flesh fine, very melting, sugary, perfumed; first; Jan. to Mar.

=Lyerle. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 44. 1897.

Raised by a Mr. Lyerle, Union County, Ill., in 1881 from seed of Bartlett. Fruit medium, pyriform, yellowish-green, with numerous patches of russet; flesh sugary; good; early July, four weeks ahead of Bartlett.

=Lyon. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 807. 1869.

Originated at Newport, R. I. Fruit medium, oblong-obovate or Doyenné-shaped, yellow, thick and smooth skin, finely dotted, blushed; flesh coarse, a little gritty at core, vinous; very good; Oct.

=Mace. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 50. 1860.

Francis Dana showed this among other seedlings of his to the Fruit Committee of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1860. Fruit medium, oval, russet; flesh has something of the honeyed sweetness as well as some external resemblance to Dana Hovey.

=Machländer Mostbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 48, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit large, pyriform, green turning to yellowish-green, russeted; flesh granular, green under the skin, subacid; Sept. and Oct.

=Mackleroy. 1.= _South. Nurs. Cat._ 4. 1921.

This variety, introduced by the Southern Nursery Company, Winchester, Tenn., in 1921, is said to have been brought to Tennessee by Davis Mackleroy from South Carolina over 100 years ago.

=McLaughlin. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:62. 1842. =2.= _Ibid._ =13=:251. 1847. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 807, fig. 1869.

In October, 1831, General Wingate of Portland, Me., stated "That a person in Oxford County, many years since raised a number of pear trees from seeds, all of which produced inferior fruit, with the exception of one tree; and from that tree, the scions were taken and engrafted by a Mr. McLaughin, of Scarborough." Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform; skin slightly rough, bright cinnamon-russet, tinged with brownish-red on the sunny side, with some traces of a bright yellow ground on the shaded side; flesh yellowish, rather coarse, melting, juicy, rich, sugary; Nov. to Jan.

=Macomber. 1.= _Rural N. Y._ =44=:263, figs. 145, 146. 1885.

Raised by J. T. Macomber, Grand Isle, Vt. Fruit medium, pyriform, green changing to yellow, blushed; flesh buttery, melting, juicy, sweet; very good; Oct. and Nov.

=McVean. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =9=:340. 1854. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 807. 1869.

Originated in Monroe County, N. Y., about 1850 or earlier. Fruit large, obovate-acute-pyriform, yellow, with nettings and patches of russet, and numerous green and brown dots; flesh coarse, not juicy, or melting, sweet; good; Sept.

=Madame Alfred Conin. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:371, fig. 1869.

Raised by André Leroy, Angers, Fr., in 1867. Fruit medium, turbinate, obtuse, much swelled around central circumference, fairly regular, clear yellow often covered all over with a layer of bronze on which are scattered, uniformly, numerous grayish-brown dots, scarcely visible; flesh whitish, fine, melting, watery, rarely gritty around the center; juice abundant, sugary, with an extremely delicious perfume; first; late Sept.

=Madame André Leroy. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:372, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 608. 1884.

Obtained from his seed beds by M. André Leroy at Angers, Fr.: first published in 1862. Fruit medium to large, long-conic, slightly obtuse, irregular, more or less misshapen, yellowish-green, entirely dotted, especially at its extremities, with small points and slight patches of gray; flesh greenish-white, fine or semi-fine, very melting, slightly granular at center, juicy, sugary, vinous, with a very delicate flavor; first; end of Sept.

=Madame Antoine Lormier. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 57. 1895.

Obtained by M. Sannier, Rouen, Fr. Tree vigorous and fertile. Fruit medium or large, regular pyriform, yellow, dotted; flesh fine, melting, very sugary; first; Sept. and Oct.

=Madame Appert. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:373, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 608. 1884.

Raised by M. André Leroy at Angers, Fr., in 1861. Fruit medium, long pyriform, slightly obtuse, largest circumference around its middle, much reduced at the extremities, especially at the summit, yellow, with gray-russet, and numerous fawn-colored dots on the side of the sun and around the stem; flesh whitish, fine, very melting, rarely gritty, juicy, sugary, with a delicate flavor of almond, acidulous; first; early Oct.

=Madame Arsène Sannier. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 95. 1895.

Obtained by M. Sannier, Rouen, Fr. Fruit medium to large; flesh sugary, slightly perfumed and of a pleasant flavor; Oct.

=Madame Ballet. 1.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 292, fig. 1906.

Obtained by M. Ballet, nurseryman at Parenty, Fr., and was placed on the market in 1894. Fruit large, ovate, yellow, dotted with gray, and brightened with a rose blush on the side next the sun; very good; Jan. to Mar.

=Madame Baptiste Desportes. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:374, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 608. 1884.

A seedling from the nurseries of André Leroy at Angers, Fr., which ripened for the first time in 1863. Fruit above medium, globular-ovate, rather regular, often a little bossed about the base; skin rather fine, yellow-ochre, mottled, stained, and dotted with gray-russet; flesh fine or semi-fine, melting, excessively juicy, saccharine, vinous, with a very agreeable flavor; first; early Oct.

=Madame Blanchet. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 76. 1895.

Fruit medium, greenish-yellow covered with fawn; flesh fine, buttery, of a delicate flavor; good; Oct. and Nov.

=Madame Bonnefond. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =3=:Pt. 2, 135, fig. 164. 1866-73.

Obtained in 1848 by M. Bonnefond, Rhône, Fr., and placed on the market for the first time in 1867. Fruit large, like Calebasse in form, often irregular in contour; skin fine, delicate, clear yellow-green, sprinkled with very small points of darker green; flesh white, slightly greenish under the skin, fine, very melting and juicy, delicately perfumed; very good; end of autumn.

=Madame Charles Gilbert. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 95. 1895.

On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis at Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Fruit medium sized, having much in common with Winter Nelis; Jan. to Apr.

=Madame Chaudy. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ N. S. =18=:211. 1882. =2.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 296, fig. 1906.

Obtained by M. Chaudy at Chaponost, Rhône, Fr., from a seed bed made in 1861. Fruit large, sometimes of the form of the Bartlett, generally turbinate, swelled and bossed in its circumference; skin slightly rough, pale yellow, dotted with gray, reddened on the side next the sun, marbled and washed with clear fawn around the two ends; flesh rather white, granular at center, rather fine, melting, very juicy, saccharine, and agreeably acid and perfumed; very good; Nov.

=Madame Cuissard. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:375, fig. 1869.

Cuissard and Barret, nurserymen at Ecully-les-Lyon, Fr., obtained this variety in 1865 and placed it on the market in 1867. Fruit above medium, oblong and obtuse, swelled at its lower part and generally more enlarged on one side than on the other; skin fine, golden-yellow, sprinkled with large gray dots and some russet markings, and more or less stained with clear brown around the stem; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, gritty at the center; juice deficient; rather savory, but slightly acerb; second; mid-Aug.

=Madame Delmotte. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 139. 1871. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3=:73, fig. 133. 1878.

Obtained by M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyriform, dull green dotted with greenish-gray; flesh white, or slightly tinted with yellow, very fine, buttery, melting, full of sweet juice, delicately perfumed.

=Madame Ducar. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:376, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 808. 1869.

This was a posthumous gain of Major Espéren, Mechlin, Bel., dating from 1846. Fruit medium, globular-ovate, regular in form, slightly undulating around the summit; skin fine, rather dull yellow, finely dotted and streaked with fawn; flesh white, coarse, semi-melting, very gritty; juice sufficient, sugary, sweet, almost without perfume but having a certain delicacy of taste; second; end of Aug.

=Madame Duparc. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:149, fig. 267. 1879.

Gained by M. Bessard-Duparc, near Savenay, Fr., and fruited first about 1845. Fruit medium, ovate-obtuse-pyriform, regular in contour; skin rather thick, lively green, speckled with indistinct darker green spots, the green becoming brighter at maturity, a rather dense russet sometimes covering the calyx and the summit; flesh white, coarse, semi-buttery, gritty around the core; juice rather deficient, sugary and only slightly scented; indifferent; Oct. and Nov.

=Madame Durieux. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:377, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 609. 1884.

A variety which came from the seed beds of Van Mons but did not fruit till 1845. Fruit medium, globular, rather Bergamot-shaped, grayish or greenish-yellow, covered with patches of thin cinnamon-colored russet, yellowish, semi-fine, very melting, buttery, juicy, sugary, vinous, aromatic; first; Oct.

=Madame Élisa. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =4=:31, fig. 1856. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 808, fig. 1869.

Raised in the seed beds of Van Mons and first bore fruit in 1848. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, often rather irregular in its upper half, greenish-yellow passing to lemon-yellow at maturity, with numerous small blackish-gray dots; flesh white, a little yellow next the skin, fine, melting, free from grit, full of rich saccharine juice, vinous; first; Sept. to Nov.

=Madame Élisa Dumas. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =5=:19, fig. 298. 1880.

A seedling raised by M. Bonnefoy, near Lyons, Fr. He disseminated it in 1857. Fruit medium, conic-ovate, regular in contour; skin thick, at first whitish-green speckled with grayish-black dots, changing to pale yellow, and more golden on the side next the sun; sometimes stains of rough brown-russet are dispersed over its surface; flesh white, only slightly firm without being breaking, rather gritty around the center, full of sugary juice, vinous and refreshing; handsome and of good quality; Aug.

=Madame Ernest Baltet. 1.= Baltet _Trait. Cult. Fr._ 317, fig. 208. 1908.

French. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, reddish-brown-yellow, with light russet; flesh very fine, melting, very juicy, sugary, sprightly; very good; Sept. and Oct.

=Madame Favre. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:379, fig. 1869.

Obtained by M. Favre, president of the section of Arboriculture of the Agricultural Society of Shalon-sur-Marne, Fr.; it first fruited in 1861. Fruit above medium and often larger, globular surface unequal and bossed; skin rough, greenish-yellow, dotted, streaked, marbled, stained with gray-russet and vermilioned on the cheek next the sun; flesh white, very fine, melting; juice abundant, very sugary, vinous, deliciously perfumed; first; end of Aug.

=Madame Flon. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 99. 1876.

Published by M. Flon in 1868. Fruit medium, globular, yellow and gray-russet; flesh very melting and juicy, saccharine, sprightly, perfumed; first; end of Dec.

=Madame Grégoire. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =8=:97, fig. 1860. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 809. 1869.

Obtained in 1860 by M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel., and was published the same year. Fruit medium to large, long-oval, obtuse; skin greasy, clear green becoming yellow at maturity, marked with gray-russet, especially around the stem, and some dots of whitish-gray; flesh yellowish-white, fine, melting, very juicy, sugary, vinous, perfumed and acidulous; good or very good; Dec. and Jan.

=Madame Henri Desportes. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:380, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 609. 1884.

Raised by Leroy, Angers, Fr.; first fruited in 1863. Fruit large, turbinate, uneven in outline, yellow, covered with russety dots and patches; flesh yellowish-white, very fine and very melting, seldom gritty, very juicy, saccharine, acidulous, with a decided aroma and delicious flavor; excellent; first; Oct.

=Madame Loriol de Barny. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:381, fig. 1869. =2.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 92. 1872.

Raised by Leroy in 1866 at his nurseries at Angers, Fr., from seed of Bartlett. Fruit large, ovate and nearly cylindrical, always rather irregular, clear yellow clouded with green, more or less streaked and mottled with russet, covered with large, grayish-brown or greenish dots and often stained with fawn around the calyx and stem; flesh yellowish-white, excessively melting and fine, juicy, rarely gritty, sugary, perfumed, with a tart flavor and a delicate and agreeable after-taste of musk; first; Nov.

=Madame Lyé-Baltet. 1.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 301, fig. 1906. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 185. 1920.

Obtained by Ernest Baltet, nurseryman at Troyes, Fr.; placed on the market in 1877. Fruit medium or rather large, turbinate, obtuse, swelled, truncated at base; skin fine, green or yellow-green all over, dotted with russet and touched with fawn; flesh white, fine, melting, juicy, sugary and perfumed; very good; Dec. and Jan.

=Madame de Madre. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 95. 1895. =2.= _Gard. Chron._ 3rd Ser. =30=:271. 1901.

Sent out by Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel., who raised it from Délices d'Hardenpont, in 1881. Fruit medium, pyriform, rather elongated, contracted at the lower end terminating in an oblique cone at the base, compressed on two sides at the narrow end, rounded at the upper end, citron-yellow lightly speckled with rust-red; flesh amber-white, very delicate, melting, very juicy, sweet, with a pleasant perfume, nutty and rather spicy; very good; Oct.

=Madame Millet. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:382, fig. 1862. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 610. 1884.

Raised by Charles Millet of Ath, Bel., in 1840. Fruit large, short-obovate or turbinate, rather uneven in its outline; flesh tender, semi-melting, juicy, richly flavored; first; Mar. and Apr.

=Madame Morel. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 99. 1876.

Published by M. Morel in 1872. Fruit large; flesh very fine, compact, very melting, juicy, sugary, vinous, sprightly; first; Oct. and Nov.

=Madame Planchon. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 99. 1876.

Belgian. Fruit large or very large, in form similar to Bartlett, golden yellow dotted with russet; flesh granular, very juicy; cooking; end of Oct. and beginning of Nov.

=Madame Du Puis. 1.= _Rev. Hort._ 147. 1891. =2.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 298, fig. 1906.

A gain of Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel., in 1878. Fruit rather large or large, long, obtuse-pyriform, rounded at lower end, yellow but nearly covered with smooth fawn-russet; flesh very fine, melting, very juicy, sugary, sprightly and perfumed; very good; Dec. to Feb.

=Madame de Roucourt. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 58. 1895.

Distributed by Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel. Fruit medium to large, yellowish, dotted with dark brown; flesh fine, saccharine, perfumed; good; Oct.

=Madame Stoff. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ =2=:220. 1887.

Obtained from seed by M. Stoff. Fruit large or medium, regular-pyramidal, olive-green speckled with red; flesh fine, melting, buttery, delicate and brisk in flavor; Feb.

=Madame Torfs. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 104. 1895.

Described as a new variety and distributed by Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel., in 1895. Fruit medium to large, greenish-yellow, sprinkled with patches of fawn-russet; flesh fine and juicy, white around center, clouded with green toward the skin, very sugary; Oct.

=Madame Treyve. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:383, fig. 1869. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 185. 1920.

_Souvenir de Madame Treyve._ =3.= _Pom. France_ =2=:No. 63, Pl. 63. 1864.

From seed sown in 1848 by M. Treyve, Trévaux, Fr. Fruit large, obtusely obovate, bossed and always very much swelled around its lower part, greenish-yellow, dotted, streaked, and often touched with fawn on the shaded side, but brilliantly encrimsoned on the side exposed to the sun and dotted on that side with gray; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, very juicy, saccharine, acidulous, with a delicate and fine aroma; first, a delicious dessert pear; Sept.

=Madame Vazille. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:384, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 610. 1884.

From the seed beds of M. Leroy, Angers, Fr.; first fruit in 1866. Fruit above medium, conic-obtuse, fairly regular in outline but always having one side larger than the other; skin thick, somewhat uneven, bronzed all over, sprinkled with dots widely apart and only slightly visible; flesh whitish, fine, melting or semi-melting, very juicy, saccharine, vinous, having a very pleasant flavor; first; Sept.

=Madame Verté. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:385, fig. 1869.

Origin uncertain, but it was first sent out by M. de Jonghe, Brussels, Bel., and then extensively propagated in France. Fruit medium, globular-ovate, irregular, yellowish-green, much washed with brown-fawn and speckled with small ashen-gray dots; flesh yellowish, semi-fine, semi-melting, granular at center; juice abundant, sugary, acidulous, with a somewhat savory perfume and after taste of anis; second, variable; from end of Nov. to Jan.

=Madame Von Siebold. 1.= =Guide Prat.= 115. 1876. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =332=:485. 1913.

Japan. The following description was made on the grounds of Messrs. Simon-Louis Bros., Metz, Lorraine: "Madame Von Siebold.--Fruit very large, rounded, a little narrow toward the cavity, where it is angular; truncated at the base and indented at the circumference.... Skin rather smooth, of a pretty brown color, dotted with large gray specks which are very regular and very apparent. Flesh white, slightly yellowish, medium fine, crisp, juicy, sweet, perfumed like quinces, almost eatable raw. The most beautiful of the Japanese--Simon-Louis Frères."

=Madeleine d'Angers. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:386, fig. 1869.

From the environs of Segré or of Beaupreau, districts in the same department (Maine), where it has been generally grown for 150 years. Fruit medium and sometimes below, conic and very elongated, somewhat contorted at the upper end, grass-green passing to greenish-yellow on the part near the stalk and dotted with gray-russet; flesh white, semi-fine or coarse, rather melting, watery and gritty; juice abundant, sugary, more or less acid, and only slightly perfumed; third; end of July.

=Mademoiselle Blanche Sannier. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1895.

A French variety. Fruit large, oblong-pyriform; flesh fine, melting, perfumed, juicy; Oct.

=Mademoiselle Marguerite Gaujard. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 104. 1895.

Obtained by M. Gaujard at Ghent, Fr.; described as a new variety in 1895. Fruit oblong, rather gourd-shaped in form, covered with gray-russet and slightly blushed on the exposed side; flesh melting, of a sprightly taste, perfumed; Jan. to Mar.

=Mademoiselle Solange. 1.= _Jour. Hort._ N. S. =15=:120. 1888.

Described by the Fruit Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society of England in 1887 as a new variety. Fruit small, nearly globular, green, juicy and of good flavor.

=Magherman. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 110. 1876.

Tree very vigorous, beautiful in aspect and extremely fertile. Fruit large or very large, long-pyriform, regular in outline, yellow streaked with carmine; flesh yellowish, excessively melting and very juicy, sugary and having an exquisite perfume; first; second half of Sept.

=Magnate. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 610. 1884. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 186. 1920.

A seedling raised by Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, Eng., from Louise Bonne de Jersey prior to 1880. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, even and symmetrical in outline, yellow covered with rather dark brown-russet, thickly strewed with large russet freckles, blushed and streaked with crimson; flesh yellow, tender, melting, rather gritty at the core, richly flavored, and with a slight perfume of rose-water; very good; Oct. and Nov.

=Magnolia. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Cat._ 41. 1909. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =332=:484. 1913.

An oriental hybrid which originated in southern Georgia. Fruit large, globular to pyriform, smooth, yellowish-russet, with numerous irregular dots; flesh white, crisp, tender, juicy, mild, subacid; fair; "three or four weeks later than Kieffer in the South."

=Malconnaître d'Haspin. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 810. 1869.

Tree vigorous, hardy and productive. Fruit large, globular-obovate, dull yellow, with brownish-red cheek, stippled with coarse dots, and russeted at the calyx; flesh juicy, tender, and melting, rich, subacid, perfumed; Oct. and Nov.

=Malvoisie de Landsberg. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3=:171, fig. 182. 1878.

Obtained by Judge Burchardt, Landsberg, Brandenbourg, Ger. Fruit rather large, pyriform, more or less swelled, even in contour, but often irregular in form; skin somewhat firm, at first water-green, dotted with gray, the green changing to yellow and the side next the sun being at maturity slightly washed with rosy red; flesh white, rather fine, buttery, juicy, sweet, acidulous, having a sprightly and somewhat musky flavor; good; Oct.

=Manchester. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 810. 1869.

Originated in Providence, R. I. Fruit medium, obovate-pyriform, yellow, with traces and numerous dots of russet; flesh white, moderately juicy, semi-melting, sweet, agreeable; good; Oct.

=Mandelblättrige Schneebirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:199. 1856.

A French wilding; published 1810. Tree dwarf. Fruit small, globular-turbinate, green, smooth; flesh firm, astringent; winter.

=Manning. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 43. 1866.

A seedling raised by S. A. Shurtleff of Brookline, Mass. Fruited in 1866. Fruit large, obovate, yellow with russet streaks and dots; flesh fine-grained, white, juicy, with a rich, pleasant flavor; first; Sept.

=Mannsbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:187. 1856.