Chapter V: Minor Varieties of Pears (19)

=Vin de Anglais. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:740, fig. 899. 1869.

An old pear of uncertain origin. Tree vigorous, very productive. Fruit small, turbinate, greenish-yellow, largely washed with bright red; flesh juicy, very sweet, high in quality; Aug.

=Vineuse. 1.= _Pom. France_ =4=:No. 148, Pl. 148. 1859.

_Vineuse Esperen._ =2.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =7=:89, fig. 1859.

Raised by Major Espéren, Mechlin, Bel., and introduced about 1840. Tree vigorous, productive. Fruit medium, pyriform, pale yellowish-green, patched and netted with russet, dotted with many small, brown and green dots; calyx large, open; stem short, fleshy; flesh yellowish-white, half-fine, melting, very juicy, vinous, delicately perfumed; good; Oct.

=Vingt-cinquième Anniversaire de Léopold I^{er}. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =7=:17, fig. 1859. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:742, fig. 901. 1869.

_Twenty-fifth Anniversaire de Leopold I._ =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 869. 1869.

_Souvenir de Leopold I^{er}._ =4.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:171, fig. 566. 1881.

Obtained by Xavier Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel., in 1855. Fruit medium, spherical; skin fine, thin, soft, very pale green sprinkled with small, faint grayish dots, few in number and unequally spaced, changing to jonquil-yellow; flesh very white, fine, semi-melting, only fairly juicy, but saccharine, with a flavor of sweet wine; first; Oct.

=Virginale du Mecklembourg. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:43, fig. 214. 1879.

Originated, probably in Mecklenburg, previous to 1864. Tree pyramidal, vigorous, moderately productive. Fruit medium, regularly conic to conic-pyriform, bright yellow, sown with gray dots; calyx large, open; stem rather long, continuous with the base of the fruit; flesh white, half-fine, breaking, rather abundant in a rich sugary juice, agreeably high-flavored; Aug.

=Virginie Baltet. 1.= _Rev. Hort._ 546. 1903. =2.= _Ibid._ 92, fig. 1905.

Raised, and introduced in 1904, by Charles Baltet, Troyes, Fr. Tree vigorous, pyramidal, very productive. Fruit large to very large, club-shaped, oblique at the base, yellowish, blushed with red; stem short; flesh melting, juicy, sugary, delicately perfumed; very good; Nov. and Dec.

=Virgouleuse. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:224, Pl. LI. 1768. =2.= Brookshaw _Hort. Reposit._ =1=:Pl. XLIX, fig. 1. 1823. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 661. 1884.

This variety originated at the village of Virgouleé, near Limoges, of which the Marquis Chambrette was the baron, and by whom it was first introduced about 1650. From this circumstance it has often been called _Chambrette_, after the marquis. The tree is strong and vigorous but is a late and indifferent bearer and is apt to drop its fruit before ripe. It is said that the fruit is very susceptible to absorbing odors and flavors and must be stored near materials which will improve rather than impair the flavor. In Europe it is regarded as an excellent dessert pear, but in this country it has not met with great success. Fruit medium to large, pyriform, rounded towards the eye and tapering thickly towards the stalk; skin smooth, delicate, lively green becoming a beautiful pale lemon-yellow, sprinkled with numerous gray and red dots; calyx small, open, set in a small shallow basin; stem an inch long, fleshy at the base, attached with no depression; flesh yellowish-white, delicate, buttery, melting, very juicy, with a sugary and perfumed flavor; Nov. to Jan.

=Vital. 1.= _Rev. Hort._ 271, 425, figs. 110, 111. 1891.

_Beurré Vital._ =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 185. 1889.

Found near Pontoise, Fr., prior to 1890 by M. Vital. Tree vigorous, productive, an annual bearer. Fruit 3-1/4 in. long, 3 in. broad, resembling White Doyenné, unequal, sloping towards both top and bottom but more towards the stem end; skin beautiful golden-yellow in color; stem short; flesh whitish, melting, slightly granular, sweet, agreeably perfumed; sometimes keeping as late as May.

=Vitrier. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:139, Pl. XLIV, fig. 4. 1768. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =1=:106. 1831.

Valerius Cordus, a botanist, who died in 1544, mentions a _Pyrum Vitreum_ common in Saxony, and it may be, then, that Vitrier is of this origin. Fruit large, oval, deep red speckled with brown points on the sunny side and light green dotted with deeper green on the shady side; stem moderately large, an inch long; flesh white but not very delicate, agreeable; Nov. and Dec.

=Volkmarserbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:13. 1856. =2.= Lauche _Deut. Pom._ =II=:No. 96. Pl. 96. 1883.

_Volkmarsen._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:750, fig. 1869.

It is thought that this pear may have originated near the town of Volkmarsen, Ger., prior to 1795. Tree large, vigorous, hardy, very productive. Fruit small, oval, yellow, almost entirely covered with brown, sprinkled with numerous dots of a brighter color; calyx open; flesh half-melting, juicy, piquant, sweetish; Sept.

=Von Zugler. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 877. 1869.

Said by Downing in 1869 to be a new Belgian variety. Tree slender, productive. Fruit medium, roundish-acute-pyriform, yellow, nearly covered with cinnamon-russet; stem rather short, inclined in a slight depression by a fleshy lip; calyx small, open; segments short, erect; basin small; flesh white, juicy, melting, sweet, slightly aromatic; very good; Sept.

=Voscovoya. 1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 320, 323. 1885. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 60, 61. 1887.

_Waxy_. 3. _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 323. 1885.

A Russian variety introduced by the Iowa Agricultural College from P. J. Tretjakoff, Orel, Russia, about 1883, and said to be "an extra fine pear." Professor Budd thought it identical with _Vosovoya_ or _Waxen_.

=Vosschanka. 1.= _Can. Hort._ =17=:291. 1894.

A variety grown by M. Mitschurin, one of the most celebrated Russian horticulturists, in the Russian Province of Tambow, 53 north latitude. Fruit medium, yellow; "flavor excellent, ripens in the month of August, and keeps till October."

=Wade. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1920.

Grown by I. C. Wade, Cornelia, Ga. Fruit rather large, roundish, short-pyriform, irregular, yellow; dots raised, russet, very prominent; stem short, very stout, fleshy, inserted in a round, very small, shallow, abrupt, russeted cavity; calyx small, closed, in shallow, abrupt basin; flesh white with yellow fibers, moderately juicy, tender, rather coarse, nearly sweet; good; mid-season.

=Wadleigh. 1.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 154. 1849.

Originated in New Hampshire. Tree rather hardy, moderately vigorous. Fruit medium, almost globular, yellow, slightly netted and patched with russet; stem short, stout, inserted in a slight cavity, sometimes by a fold or lip; basin slight; calyx with small short lobes; flesh white, fine, a little gritty, juicy, melting, pleasant; good; Sept.

=Wahre Canning. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:56. 1856.

Said by Dochnahl to have originated in England about 1842. Tree vigorous and very productive. Fruit medium large, obovate, bright green becoming greenish-yellow, often blushed with bright brown, sparsely dotted; stem thin, 1-3/4 inches long; flesh non-aromatic, not juicy, sweet, becoming mealy; Aug. and Sept.

=Wahre Faustbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:3. 1856.

According to Dochnahl this pear originated in Germany about 1801. Tree very large and productive. Fruit very large, pyriform, regular, even yellow, flecked and dotted with russet; calyx large, deep set; stem an inch long; Oct.

=Wahre Schneebirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:199. 1856

Probably a wild pear of Austria, first mentioned in 1810. Fruit round, green becoming yellow, somewhat blushed on the sunny side; dots yellowish; stem thick, flesh very sour becoming sweeter; Dec.

=Wallis Kieffer. 1.= Stark Bros. _Year Book_ =5=:40. 1914.

The introducers of this pear, Stark Brothers Nurseries and Orchards Company, received it from Henry Wallis of St. Louis County, Missouri. It is reported as a strong-growing tree, blight resistant, and a heavy bearer, fruit of better quality than Kieffer and two weeks earlier.

=Warner. 1.= _Ind. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 123. 1885.

Originated in Indiana in 1832. Tree said to be blight-resistant. Fruit medium, symmetrical, light yellow; flesh buttery, melting, mild; fair to good; last of Aug. and first of Sept.

=Washington. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 187. 1832. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =10=:296, fig. 1844.

_Robertson_. =3.= _N. E. Farmer_ =7=:259. 1830.

Discovered in a thorn hedge at Naaman's Creek, Del., about 1801, by General Robertson or Robinson, the owner of the land, and said to have been named by him in honor of his friend and commander, George Washington. Tree vigorous, not large, an abundant bearer. Fruit medium, obovate, ending very obtusely at the stem, regular, smooth, clear yellow with a sprinkling of reddish dots on the sunny side; stem an inch and a half long, inserted in a slight depression; calyx small, partly closed, set in a shallow basin; flesh white, very juicy, melting, sweet, agreeable; very good; Sept.

=Waterloo. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 663. 1884.

Fruit medium, turbinate, broad at the apex, pale green becoming brownish-red, with a few streaks of brighter red next the sun, thickly covered with gray russety dots; stem rather short, inserted in a small round cavity; calyx open, in a deep, wide, even basin; flesh yellowish, crisp, juicy, sugary, perfumed; second-rate; Sept.

=Watson. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =10=:212. 1844. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 878. 1869.

Originated in Plymouth, Mass., on the farm of William Watson prior to 1843. Tree productive. Fruit below medium to above, roundish to obtusely obovate, yellowish, covered mostly with russet; flesh whitish, coarse, moderately juicy, sweet; of low quality; early Sept.

=Webster. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 878. 1869.

Said to have originated at Hudson, N. Y. Tree a moderate grower, productive. Fruit medium, globular-obtuse-pyriform, yellow with traces and nettings of russet and many brown dots; stem long, slender, inclined, set in a small russeted cavity; calyx open, segments long, reflexed; flesh white, juicy, melting, sweet, slightly aromatic; good to very good; Nov.

=Weeping Willow. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 37. 1867.

A seedling by Asahel Foot "called Weeping Willow, from the remarkably pendulous habit of the tree, but the fruit is of third quality."

=Weidenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:189. 1856.

Said to have originated in Germany about 1807. Fruit medium large, pyriform, uneven, bright green becoming golden yellow, often blushed with red and strongly dotted with gray, flecked with dark spots; calyx large, open; stem crooked, an inch and a half long; flesh firm, fine-grained, sweet, aromatic; Sept.

=Weidenblättrige Herbstbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:15. 1856.

Said to have originated in Württemberg, Ger., about 1830. Tree of medium size. Fruit in clusters, medium large, pyriform, pale greenish-yellow, becoming somewhat striped with red or marked by reddish dots; Sept.

=Weihmier Sugar. 1.= _Hopedale Nurs. Cat._ 18. 1912.

It is said by the Hopedale Nursery Company, introducer of this variety, that it is not a new pear but an unknown old one renamed. Tree thrifty, blights somewhat. Fruit medium to large and regarded by some as of "highest possible flavor."

=Weiler'sche Mostbirn. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 107. 1876. =2.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 178, fig. 1913.

A native of Austria and valued highly for perry. Tree vigorous, an early and heavy bearer. Fruit small, globular, greenish-yellow, dotted, russet at the apex; stem medium in length, somewhat curved and set in a slight depression; calyx open; flesh yellowish-white, firm, with a sweet, aromatic flavor; Oct. and Nov.

=Weisse Fuchsbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 180, fig. 1913.

A perry pear probably of Austrian origin. Tree rather vigorous, pyramidal, becoming more spreading. Fruit medium, usually turbinate, light yellowish-green, covered with numerous fine dots, flaked with russet around stem and calyx; calyx small, open; stem long, same color as the fruit and continuous with it; flesh white, rather fine-grained, juicy, sweet; Oct.

=Weisse Hangelbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 70, fig. 1913.

A perry pear probably of Austrian origin. Tree vigorous, broadly pyramidal, large, a late but regular and heavy bearer. Fruit small, round, greenish-yellow, covered with numerous fine, brown-russet dots and small russet splotches; calyx small, open; stem short, inserted without depression; flesh pure white, granular, very juicy, slightly acid; Oct.

=Weisse Kochbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 102, fig. 1913.

A perry pear of unknown origin. Tree pyramidal, not a dependable bearer. Fruit medium to above, globular, light-yellow, covered with numerous russet dots; calyx open, set in a narrow, abrupt basin; stem medium, brown; flesh pure white, slightly granular, very juicy, pleasantly sweet; Oct.

=Weisse Pelzbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 144, fig. 1913.

A perry pear of Austria. Tree moderately vigorous, compact, an early and regular bearer. Fruit medium, variable, turbinate, greenish-yellow to yellowish-white, heavily dotted and splotched with russet, especially about stem and calyx, often marked with scab spots; calyx open; stem medium, strong, set with little or no depression; flesh yellowish-white, slightly granular, juicy, sweetish, sometimes slightly bitter; Sept. and Oct.

=Welbeck Bergamot. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 89. 1845. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 663. 1884.

_Bergamotte Welbeck_. 3. Mas _Pom. Gen._ 5:87, fig. 332. 1880.

Fruit above medium, roundish, uneven in outline, bossed about the stalk, smooth, shining, lemon-yellow, thickly sprinkled with large russet specks, blushed with light crimson on side next the sun; calyx small, open, set in a shallow depression; stem medium, inserted in an uneven cavity; flesh white, rather coarse-grained, half-melting, very juicy, sugary, without flavor; inferior; Oct. and Nov.

=Wellington. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 43. 1864. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 879. 1869.

This, with other seedlings, was imported from France about 1854 by A. Wellington, Braintree, Mass. It was exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1864. It may be that there is a second Wellington pear, or even a third, for in 1852 there was exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society "Wellington, (two varieties)." A description of a Wellington pear is given in the _Magazine of Horticulture_ of the following year, while in 1854 the American Pomological Society included a variety of similar name in its list of rejected fruits. At all events, the pear herein described is the one now known as Wellington. Fruit large, similar in shape to Beurré d'Anjou, but longer, yellow, clouded with green; calyx small, open, with short, stiff, slightly incurved lobes, basin shallow; stem very short, set in a slight cavity; flesh yellowish-white, somewhat coarse, juicy, melting, sweet, with a peculiar "confectionery" flavor or aroma; Nov.

=Welsche Bratbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:2. 1856. =2.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 26; fig. 1913.

A perry pear of first rank which is said to have originated in Württemberg about 1823. Tree a very late yet regular and productive bearer. Fruit medium, roundish-oval to turbinate, whitish, splotched with yellowish-green, covered with numerous fine russet dots; calyx large, open, star-shaped; stem medium, rather stout, set in a small cavity as though stuck into the fruit; flesh greenish-white, granular, slightly firm, juicy, sweet; last of Sept. and Oct.

=Weltz. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 52. 1871.

A seedling introduced by Leo Weltz, Wilmington, Ohio. Fruit large, oblong-obovate-pyriform, good for cooking only.

=Wendell. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =16=:460. 1850. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 879. 1869.

The name given, in honor of H. Wendell, Albany, N. Y., to one of Van Mons' seedlings which fruited in the Pomological Garden at Salem previous to 1850. Tree moderately vigorous, upright, productive. Fruit rather small to medium, roundish-pyriform, yellow, having a somewhat russety skin, tinged with red on the sunny side, sprinkled with dots; calyx small, partially open; stem short, stout; flesh whitish, fine-grained, juicy, melting, buttery, sweet, pleasant; good; Sept.

=Wesner. 1.= _N. J. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 32. 1886.

A pear from W. D. Wesner, Prairiesville, Ark., which is said to be a very productive early variety and one that may be valuable for shipping.

=Westcott. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =13=:515. 1847. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =17=:261, fig. 30. 1851.

_Trescott._ 3. _Horticulturist_ 2:241, 287. 1847.

The Westcott, or _Wescott_, and the _Trescott_ are the same. Through a typographical error in the description of Westcott, later corrected, the name _Trescott_ first appeared. Westcott originated on the farm of Niles Westcott in Cranston, R. I., previous to 1847. Tree vigorous, an early bearer, productive. Fruit medium, roundish-obovate, occasionally slightly flattened laterally, greenish-yellow becoming a light orange-yellow, covered with numerous minute russet dots and with many conspicuous specks of the same color; calyx medium, open, set in a shallow basin; stem very long, rather slender, curved, inserted by a fleshy nob in a shallow cavity; flesh whitish, rather coarse, melting, juicy, sweet, agreeable; good; last of Sept. and early Oct.

=Westphälische Melonenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:116. 1856.

First reported from Westphalia and Thuringia, Ger., about 1803. Tree very productive. Fruit oblong-obovate, pale green becoming pale yellow; dots grayish; skin thick; calyx open; stem rather short; flesh yellowish, deliciously melon-flavored; Jan. and Feb.

=Westrumb. 1.= Liebel _Syst. Anleit._ 132. 1825. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:754, fig. 1869.

Raised by Van Mons about 1825. Tree very productive. Fruit medium, turbinate, greenish-yellow, overcast with bronze and netted with gray; heavily dotted; stem very short, thick, continuous with the fruit; flesh very juicy, of a very savory perfume; of highest quality; Sept.

=Wetmore. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 879. 1869.

Raised by E. B. Wetmore, Westmoreland, N. Y. Tree upright, vigorous. Fruit small, roundish-oval, pale yellow, with nettings and patches of russet, and thickly sprinkled with russet dots; stem long, slender, set in a small cavity, sometimes by a lip; calyx open; lobes short, erect; basin shallow, slightly corrugated; flesh white, juicy, melting, sweet, aromatic; good to very good; Oct.

=Wharton Early. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 560. 1857.

_Précoce de Wharton._ =2.= _Guide Prat._ 113. 1876.

Origin unknown. Fruit medium, oblong-acute-pyriform, pale yellow, with traces of russet, and thickly sprinkled with russet dots; stem long, curved, rather slender, set in a slight cavity, sometimes by a lip; calyx open in a small basin; flesh whitish, juicy, melting, sweet, slightly musky; good to very good; Aug.

=Wheeler. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =24=:505, fig. 21. 1858. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 880. 1869.

About 1836 a maiden lady of Greenwich, R. I., planted the core of a Gardener pear, from which sprang a tree, fruit of which was brought to the attention of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society by Dr. Wheeler of Greenwich in 1851. The Society named the pear in honor of Dr. Wheeler. Tree vigorous, upright. Fruit medium, roundish-obovate, pale yellowish-green, mottled with greenish patches and dotted with numerous gray and green dots; stem medium, set in a small contracted cavity; calyx open, set in an uneven, abrupt basin; flesh white, juicy, melting, sweet, pleasant; good; Aug.

=Whieldon. 1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 127, fig., Pl. XI. 1863.

_McLellan._ =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 151. 1862.

Originated in the garden of Wm. W. Whieldon, Concord, Mass., and first brought to notice about 1862. Tree moderately vigorous, upright-spreading, a profuse bearer. Fruit medium or above, obtuse-obovate, yellowish-green, tinged with red in the sun, dotted and netted with russet, stem long, slender, slightly inclined, set in a shallow cavity; calyx open, set in a medium sized, uneven basin; segments recurved; flesh whitish, a little gritty near the core, juicy, melting, buttery, sweet, pleasant, slightly aromatic; good to very good; Sept.

=White Genneting. 1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 593. 1629.

"The White Genneting is a reasonable good peare, yet not equall to the other."

=White Longland. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 664. 1884.

Said to be a good stewing pear, cooking to a splendid red color, but coarse and rough in flavor; also used for perry. Fruit medium, turbinate, even, regular, yellowish-green, pale red next the sun, thickly sprinkled with large russet dots, with lines of russet and a patch round the stalk; calyx open, set in a shallow basin; stem rather short, straight, inserted in a narrow, shallow cavity; flesh yellowish, firm, coarse-grained, with a brisk, sweet juice.

=White Seedling. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:522. 1853. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 881. 1869.

_Semis de White._ =3.= _Guide Prat._ 75, 292. 1895.

A native of New Haven, Conn., exhibited in 1853. Tree vigorous, very productive. Fruit medium, roundish-obovate to oblong-obovate, greenish-yellow, sometimes with a brownish-blush in the sun, considerably netted and patched with russet, sprinkled with many russet dots; stem long, inclined, set in a shallow cavity, often by a fleshy lip; calyx open, with short, erect lobes, set in a small, uneven basin; flesh yellowish, juicy, melting; sweet, aromatic; good to very good; Oct. to Feb.

=White Squash. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 664. 1884.

A Herefordshire, Eng., perry pear. Fruit medium, roundish-turbinate, even and regular in outline, yellowish-green, strewn with small russety dots, with here and there a patch of russet, but always russety round the stalk and the calyx; calyx open, set in a saucer-like basin; stem medium, inserted without depression and with a fleshy swelling on one side; flesh coarse, crisp, very juicy, harshly astringent.

=White Star. 1.= _Spring Hill Nurs. Cat._ 10, fig. 1921.

Tree reported as hardy, productive and fruit as of the size of Bartlett, keeping until May and June, and good for dessert.

=Whitfield. 1.= _Cultivator_ 66. 1839. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =16=:296. 1850.

Placed on the list of Rejected Fruits by the second Congress of Fruit Growers in 1850. Tree a good bearer. Fruit medium, oblong-obovate, yellowish-brown, buttery, very good; Oct. and Nov.

=Wiest. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =18=:492. 1852. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 882. 1869.

Reported from Pennsylvania in 1852. Tree vigorous, an early bearer, inclined to be alternate. Fruit medium or below, roundish-obovate, green, shaded with dull red and sprinkled with green and gray dots; stem rather stout, medium in length; calyx small, closed; lobes connivent; flesh whitish-green, juicy, melting, subacid; good; Sept.

=Wilbur. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ 10:211. 1844. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 882. 1869.

_Early Wilbur._ =3.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 4. 1843.

The original tree, which was found growing wild in a piece of mowing land on the farm of D. Wilbur, Jr., in Somerset, Mass., was said in 1844 to be 66 years old. Shoots slender, light olive-brown. Fruit below medium, roundish-obovate, dull green, becoming pale yellow, slightly netted and patched with russet, and thickly sprinkled with russet dots; stem small, set in a small cavity; calyx open; segments long; basin small; flesh yellowish, juicy, melting, slightly astringent; good; Sept.

=Wilde Filzbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:1. 1856.

A wild pear reported from Belgium about 1800. Fruit small, roundish, greenish, becoming yellowish, dotted with gray; stem long; flesh acid, becoming sweetish; poor; fall and winter. May be used for dwarfing.

=Wilde Herrnbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:188. 1856.

Reported from Germany about 1804. Tree very large. Fruit medium, broad, bright green becoming yellowish-green, often somewhat blushed on the sunny side, often flecked and patched with russet; dots light gray; stem rather long, inserted by a fleshy protuberance; flesh white, slightly musky, sweet; fair and below; Sept.

=Wilde Holzbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:196. 1856.

Reported as wild and widely disseminated as early as 1641; its seedlings are said sometimes to be used for stocks. Tree very large and productive. Fruit small, round, green, dotted with light russet; seeds numerous, dark brown; flesh very acid; Oct.

=Wilder Sugar. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1920.

Reported by Orange County Nursery Company, Anaheim, Cal., as "Medium large, greenish yellow shaded brown, excellent quality. Vigorous and productive. August."

=Wilding von Einsiedel. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:2. 1856. =2.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 182, fig. 1913.

This perry pear, which has also been recommended as a street tree, was reported from Württemberg about 1832. Tree very vigorous, pyramidal, not leafy, very productive. Fruit bluntly conic pyriform, small, greenish-yellow, brownish on side next the sun; covered with characteristic brown to reddish-brown dots, russeted about stem and calyx; calyx half open; stem short, thick; flesh juicy, firm, acid; Oct.

=Wilding von Gronau. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:96. 1856.

Reported from Hesse, Ger., about 1844. Fruit small, blunt, broad-conic-pyriform, yellow, blushed on the sunny side, flecked and dotted with gray, russeted about base and apex; calyx closed; stem short; flesh sweet-scented, sweet; end of Sept.

=Wilford. 1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 592. 1629.

"A good and fair pear."

=Wilkinson. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 187. 1832. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =20=:470, fig. 25. 1854.

This pear, one of the oldest American kinds, was introduced by the exhibition of specimens before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, in October, 1829, and given the name "Wilkinson," in compliment to the owner of the farm on which the tree originated and was then growing, Mr. Jeremiah Wilkinson, Cumberland, R. I., brother of the noted Jemima Wilkinson. Tree thrifty, hardy, a regular bearer; shoots long, upright, stout, olive-yellow, with oblong white specks. Fruit medium, ovoid, obtuse at both ends, smooth, glossy, yellow dotted with brown points; stem rather long, rather stout, inserted obliquely in a rather wide and deep cavity; calyx medium, open, set in a shallow basin; flesh very white, juicy, melting, sweet, rich, with a slight perfume; good; Oct. to Dec.

=Wilkinson Winter. 1.= _Ill. Hort Soc. Rpt._ 113. 1876. =2.= _Ibid._ 83. 1880.

A variety raised near Peoria, Ill., from seed planted by A. Wilkinson, and first reported before the Illinois State Horticultural Society about 1876. Tree said to be hardy, vigorous, productive, blight-resistant. Fruit said to be large, golden; very good; season until spring.

=Willermoz. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =20=:86, 461. 1854. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:756, fig. 1869.

Fruited with M. Bivort, Jodoigne, Bel., in 1848. Tree an extremely good grower, forming a fine pyramidal growth, with young shoots dark, dull, olive-brown, very productive. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, greenish-yellow, tinged with red, with nettings and some large patches of russet and with many small russet dots; stem medium, rather stout, inclined, set in a small cavity; calyx open or partially closed, set in an abrupt basin; flesh whitish, buttery, juicy, melting, coarse at core, slightly vinous; good to very good; Nov. to Jan.

=William. 1.= _Cultivator_ 175, fig. 8. 1845. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =11=:252. 1845.

_William Edwards._ =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 420. 1845.

This seedling pear is said to be a "species of Virgoulouse," and was raised by Governor H. W. Edwards of New Haven, Conn., previous to 1845. Tree very productive. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyriform, terminating rather abruptly at the stalk, yellow, becoming profusely dotted with red and russet points or dots on the sunny side; flesh yellowish-white, sweet, buttery, not juicy or melting enough for dessert purposes but good for baking; Sept.

=William Prince. 1.= Mag. Hort. =17=:472. 1851. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 883. 1869.

Other than that this variety was reported from the United States about 1848, nothing of its origin is known. Tree vigorous, upright, productive. Fruit medium, roundish-pyriform, greenish-yellow, shaded with crimson in the sun, covered with many brown dots; stem medium to below; calyx open, set in a shallow basin; flesh white, juicy, melting, sweet; good to very good; Sept. and Oct.

=Williams Double Bearing. 1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:215. 1832.

Raised from a seed of the Saint Germain, in the garden of Mrs. Williams, Salem, Mass. Tree said to bear two crops, the fruit of the first of the size herein mentioned and ripening in early October, that of the second much smaller and ripening from two to four weeks later. Fruit large, resembles its parent but greater in diameter; flesh of fine quality, melting, but not highly flavored.

=Williams Early. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =3=:51. 1837. =2.= _Ibid._ =14=:344, fig. 37. 1848.

Originated with Aaron Davis Williams on his farm in Roxbury, Mass., probably about 1830. Tree a moderate grower, young shoots brownish red. Fruit medium to below, roundish-pyriform, ending obtusely at the stem, yellow, covered with bright crimson and thickly sprinkled with scarlet dots on the sunny side; stem rather long, stout, slightly fleshy at the base, inserted without any cavity; calyx open, slightly sunken in a furrowed basin; flesh yellowish-white, a little coarse-grained at first, becoming juicy, half buttery, with a slight musky flavor; good; middle of Sept.

=Williams d'Hiver. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:760, figs. 1869. =2.= _Am. Jour. Hort._ =9=:219, fig. 1871.

_Williams Winter_. =3.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 380. 1902.

Raised by M. Leroy, Angers, Fr., and first fruited in 1862. Tree vigorous, productive. Fruit blunt-pyriform, variable in shape, somewhat bossed, yellow, finely dotted and veined with yellow in basin, with lightish gray about stalk and on face next the sun; stem short, strong, thick, set rather obliquely and often to one side of the axis; calyx medium, half-closed, slightly sunken; flesh white, very fine, very melting, very juicy, sugary, acidulated, with a fine, fresh perfume, Dec. to Feb.

=Williams panachée. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 80, 312. 1876.

From the name, it is to be supposed that this is merely a striped-leaf variety of Bartlett.

=Williamson. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =6=:494. 1851. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 883. 1869.

This seedling sprang up in a piece of woodland belonging to Nicholas Williamson on the south side of Long Island. Tree hardy, vigorous, a good bearer. Fruit medium, roundish-obovate to roundish-oblate, obtuse at stem, greenish-yellow, sprinkled with russet dots and considerably russeted at both ends; stem short, stout, set in a medium sized cavity; calyx open, often wanting, set in a deep, rather narrow basin; flesh yellowish-white, rather coarse, half-melting, juicy, sugary, vinous; good to slightly above; Oct.

=Wilmington. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 90. 1856. =2.= _Horticulturist_ =12=:111, fig. 1857.

This is a seedling of Passe Colmar, raised in 1847 by Dr. Brincklé of Philadelphia, and first fruited in 1855. Tree a moderate grower, late bearer; young wood dull yellowish-brown. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyriform to roundish-ovate, greenish-yellow, netted and patched with russet, thickly sprinkled with russet dots; stem long, curved, inserted obliquely in a small cavity, often by a lip; calyx medium, open, set in a wide, moderately deep basin; flesh whitish green, juicy, buttery, melting, sweet, pleasant, slightly aromatic; good to very good; Sept.

=Windsor. 1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 592, fig. 10. 1629. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 204. 1920.

_Madame._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ 2:369, fig. 1869.

_Summer Bell._ =4.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 571. 1885.

According to Leroy this variety originated in Holland, and was published in 1771 under the name _Hallemine Bonne_ by Knoop. In French gardens it received the name _Madame_. In England, Windsor is often called _Cuisse Madame_. A "Windsor," which appears to be identical with the Windsor of Knoop, is described by English writers as early as 1629. Hogg quotes an English writer as saying, "It was raised from seed of the _Cuisse Madame_, by a person of the name of Williamson ..." before 1750. Moreover, it is mentioned in 1592 as being cultivated about Naples, and 1563 in England. What the origin is appears undeterminable. Tree one of the strongest growers, upright, tall, a regular and abundant bearer; shoots remarkably stout, perfectly upright, dark brown. Fruit large, pyriform or bell-shaped, very smooth, greenish becoming pale yellow; stem long, fairly stout, inserted without depression; calyx open, set on level with prominent ribs around; flesh white, tender, buttery, rather coarse-grained, slightly acid, somewhat astringent; rots at the core; Aug.

=Winship. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =10=:212. 1844. =2.= _Ibid._ =13=:485, fig. 41. 1847.

Originated in the nurseries of the Messrs. Winship, Brighton, Mass., about 1832. Tree vigorous, an early and productive bearer; young wood yellowish-reddish-brown. Fruit medium, oblong-acute-pyriform, greenish-yellow with traces and patches of russet; stem long, rather slender, inserted with no cavity; calyx large, closed, set in a small, corrugated basin; flesh white, rather coarse, not juicy, not melting; poor to fair; Aug.

=Winslow. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 45. 1866.

A seedling pear fruited by S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass., in 1865, and described by him as, "Diam. 2-1/2 inches; color, brown russet; flesh, sweet, juicy, buttery and high flavored; ripens well. Oct. 21. Roundish."

=Winter. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 60. 1887. =2.= _Ia. Sta. Bul._ =3=:74. 1888.

_Osimaya_. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 60. 1887.

Received by the Iowa Agricultural College in 1879 from R. Shroeder, Moscow, Russia. The tree is said to be hardy and free from blight and the fruit to be large than Bessemianka, quite as good in quality, and in season in central Russia the last days of September.

=Winter Jonah. 1.= _N. J. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 214. 1889. =2.= _Can. Exp. Farms Rpt._ 422. 1903.

Tree a medium grower. Fruit medium, roundish, pale yellow with a faint blush on the sunny side, a few small, dark greenish-yellow spots, and many small, gray dots; stem medium, short, set in a very slight depression; calyx large, open, set in a narrow and shallow basin; winter.

=Winter Pear. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =20=:75. 1854.

Sent to the Fruit Committee of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society in 1854 by Charles Kessler, Reading, Pa. Fruit medium, roundish, yellow, scarcely "good" in quality.

=Winter Popperin. 1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 592. 1629.

One of two "very good dry firme peares, somewhat spotted, and brownish on the outside."

=Winter Rousselet. 1.= Mawe-Abercrombie _Univ. Gard. Bot._ 1778.

_Rousselet d'Hiver_. =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:593, fig. 1869.

An ancient French pear of unknown origin, though it was described by Claude Saint-Étienne in 1670 and by Duhamel in the eighteenth century. Fruit small, turbinate, more or less obtuse, usually somewhat contracted toward the top, and often depressed on one side and mammillate on the other, yellow-green dotted with gray russet and blushed with reddish-brown on the face exposed to the sun; flesh white, semi-breaking, watery, rather granular, juice abundant, saccharine, rarely having much aroma and sometimes acid; second; Feb. and Mar.

=Winter Seckel. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 562. 1857.

Said to have originated near Fredericksburg, Va., and to have been introduced by H. R. Roby. Fruit small, obovate, yellow, with a brownish cheek in sun, patched and netted with russet, and covered with many large and brown dots; stem slender; calyx large, open; flesh white, a little coarse at core, juicy, half-melting.

=Winter Sweet Sugar. 1.= Brookshaw _Hort. Reposit._ =2=:151, Pl. 81. 1823.

Tree productive. Fruit turbinate, greenish, juicy, sweet, not very richly flavored; will keep till March.

=Winter Williams. 1.= _Garden_ =67=:18. 1905.

A cross between Bartlett and Glou Morceau shown before the Royal Horticultural Society in 1905 by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, England. Fruit said to resemble Glou Morceau in shape; skin yellow; flavor like Bartlett; later than Bartlett.

=Winterbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:70. 1856.

Reported from northern Germany about 1773. Fruit medium, turbinate, smooth, bright green, dotted with gray; stem long; flesh yellowish, half breaking, sweetish; Dec. to Apr.

=Winterliebesbirne. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 301. 1889.

_Poire d'Amour d'Hiver._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =6=:15, fig. 392. 1880.

This pear is of German origin and bears also the name of _Kirschbirnen_ or _Church Pear_. Fruit small or nearly medium, conic or globular-conic, sometimes short and sometimes long; skin thick, firm, rough, water-green with numerous and conspicuous brown dots; changing to pale yellow covered over a large area of the side next the sun with a vivid currant red on the central part and more brown on the borders; flesh white, coarse, breaking, a little gritty around the core, juice sufficient in quantity and sweet, vinous and musky; good for kitchen purposes and keeps a long time; Oct. and Nov.

=Winterrobine. 1.= Christ _Handb._ 500. 1817. =2.= Dochnahl Führ_. Obstkunde_ =2=:111. 1856.

Thuringia, Ger., 1799. Fruit fairly large, ventriculous-conic, obtuse; apex inclined, sides unequal, green turning yellow-green, often somewhat blushed, dotted with dark green, speckled with russet; flesh gritty near the center, whitish-yellow, sweet, musky, buttery, melting, aromatic; first for all purposes; Jan. to Mar.

=Witte Princesse. 1.= Knoop _Pomologie_ 96, 139, fig. 1771.

An old pear, probably of French origin. Tree vigorous, productive. Fruit medium to above, oblong-pyriform, drawn to a point at the stem; whitish-yellow or whitish-green, dotted with pale brown dots and occasionally patched here and there with brown; stem medium to above in length; flesh mellow, gritty, agreeably but not highly flavored; Aug. and Sept.

=Wolfsbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:2. 1856. =2.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 104, fig. 1913.

A perry pear common to Württemberg from an early date. Tree medium vigorous, large, roundish, a late but good bearer. Fruit medium, roundish, yellow, covered with russet dots, devoid of red; calyx large, open; stem very long, set obliquely without depression; flesh yellowish-white, firm, acid; Oct.

=Woodbridge Seckel. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 121. 1860. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 885. 1869.

In 1860 a Mr. Woodbridge, Detroit, Mich., exhibited a seedling known as No. 2 before the Fruit Committee of the American Pomological Society. This seedling was subsequently named Woodbridge Seckel. Tree moderately vigorous. Fruit small, pyriform, pale yellow, shaded and marbled with crimson in the sun, thickly sprinkled with brown and crimson dots; stem long, slender; calyx open; flesh yellowish, juicy, melting, sweet, vinous; very good, but rapidly decays at the core; Sept.

=Woodstock. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 201. 1856. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 416. 1859.

Said to have originated at Woodstock, Vt., and first reported about 1856. Tree a moderate grower, very productive; young wood olive-brown. Fruit medium to below, roundish-obtuse to obovate-pyriform, pale yellow, netted and patched, and thickly sprinkled with russet dots; stem long, rather slender, inserted in a small cavity, often by a lip; calyx large, open, placed in a rather deep, abrupt basin; lobes long, slender, persistent; flesh white, juicy, melting, sweet, pleasant, slightly musky; good to very good; Sept.

=Worden Meadow. 1.= _Cultivator_ N. S. =2=:340. 1845.

Schuyler Worden, who originated the Worden grape, stated in 1845 that he had raised this pear in Oswego, N. Y., from grafts given him by an old countryman. Tree vigorous, productive. Fruit medium to large, shape variable and surface uneven; skin yellow at maturity; flesh fine-grained, melting, juicy, sweet, with a musky flavor; ripens about the middle of Sept.

=Wörlesbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:194. 1856.

A perry pear reported from Württemberg about 1830. Tree not vigorous, large, long-lived, very productive. Fruit small, oval or pyriform, solid bright green, turning lemon-yellow, numerously dotted with gray, somewhat flecked with russet; calyx in a slight depression; flesh juicy, acid, bitter.

=Wormsley Grange. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 187. 1832.

This is a variety which is said to have been sent to the Hon. John Lowell by Mr. Knight with the remarks that it requires to be gathered before it is quite ripe and that it is a variety of first-rate excellence in Herefordshire, Eng. In 1842 it was listed as having been removed from the gardens of the London Horticultural Society because of inferior merit.

=Wurzer. 1.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit_. 114. 1825.

_Wurzer d'Automne._ =2.= _Mag. Hort_. =16=:296. 1850. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 240. 1854.

Reported from Belgium about 1821. Tree vigorous, leafy, thorny. Fruit rather large, pyriform, solid green, becoming covered with russet, heavily dotted with reddish-brown; calyx small, set in a shallow basin; stem medium long, fleshy, set in a rather deep cavity; flesh pithy, sweet, vinous; Nov.

=Yat. 1.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard_. 351. 1831. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom_. =2=:762, fig. 1869.

_Gute Graue._ =3.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 124. 1825.

_Beurré Gris d'Été de Hollande._ =4.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:85, fig. 41. 1866-73.

_Beurré Gris d'Été._ =5.= _Guide Prat._ 70, 245. 1876.

This pear is said to have been brought to England from Holland about 1770 by Thomas Harvey. It is not to be confused with the Grise-Bonne. Tree large, vigorous, hardy, very productive. Fruit variable, small to above medium, obovate-pyriform to oblong-turbinate, green, thickly covered with russet, sprinkled with numerous gray specks, sometimes colored brownish-red when exposed to the sun; calyx small, open, set in a shallow basin; stem rather long, slender, obliquely inserted without depression and often by a fleshy protuberance; flesh white, tender, melting, juicy with a rich, sugary and highly perfumed flavor; rated as of little value by Downing, of first quality by Mas, as highly estimable by the Germans, and as an excellent early pear by Hogg; Aug. and Sept.

=Yellow Huff-cap. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 669. 1884.

A Herefordshire perry pear. Fruit quite small, obovate or turbinate, entirely covered with rough brown russet, and with only portions of the ground color showing through in specks; calyx small, open, with short horny segments, set even with the surface; stem rather long, inserted without depression; flesh yellowish, with a greenish tinge.

=Youngken Winter Seckel.=

According to correspondence this pear was raised from seed of Seckel by David Youngken, Richlandtown, Pa., about 1868. The tree is reported as being upright and prolific, and the fruit as keeping through the winter.

=Zache. 1.= _Mich. Sta. Bul._ =177=:39. 1899. =2.= _Ibid._ =187=:75. 1901.

A Chinese sand pear, of value only as a novelty, grown at the South Haven Substation of the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station in 1894. Tree a fine, strong grower with large, thick, glossy leaves. Fruit roundish oblate, resembling an apple in appearance, orange with many light yellowish dots and specks; flesh coarse, crisp; poor; winter.

=Zapfenbirn. 1.= Christ _Handb._ 559. 1817.

Tree large, very productive. Fruit long-acute-pyriform, yellow, finely dotted; flesh breaking, not juicy, musky; used for drying and for cooking; early winter.

=Zarskaja. 1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 61. 1880.

Reported by J. L. Budd to be a Russian variety which has gritty thorn-like wood and which therefore does not unite well when grafted upon apple stock.

=Zénon. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 302. 1884. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 62. 1895.

Of European origin, first reported in 1884. Tree moderately vigorous, producing excellent fruit upon quince stock. Fruit medium, of the form of White Doyenné; flesh very fine, juicy, sweet, agreeable, slightly aromatic, granular near the core; first; end of autumn.

=Zéphirin Grégoire. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =9=:78, fig. 1854. =2.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =3=:79, fig. 1855. =3.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 205. 1920.

M. Grégoire, pomologist, Jodoigne, Bel., raised this variety supposedly from seeds of Passe Colmar about 1831. Tree pyramidal, vigorous, very productive, succeeds best upon pear stock; young wood smooth, light olive-yellow-brown. Fruit medium to above, roundish-obovate, pale greenish-yellow, becoming uniform pale waxen-yellow, covered with patches of russet and many green and gray dots, often reddish in the sun; stem medium in length, fleshy, very fleshy at insertion, set obliquely without depression; calyx small, open, set in a slight depression; lobes long; flesh yellowish-white, buttery, melting, juicy, rich, sugary, vinous, highly aromatic; good to very good; Nov. to Feb.

=Zéphirin Louis. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =4=:95, fig. 1856. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 886. 1869.

This pear was raised by M. Xavier Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. It was first reported in 1849. Tree a moderately healthy grower, rather scraggly, moderately productive. Fruit medium or below, roundish, slightly obovate, greenish-yellow, rusty-red becoming bright vermilion in the sun, thickly sprinkled with large dark brown-russet patches and dots; stem very short, inserted in a small round cavity; calyx small, open, set in a deep basin; flesh yellowish-white, tinged with green, coarse-grained, crisp, rather half melting, juicy, sweet, slightly aromatic; good; Dec. and Jan.

=Zieregger Mostbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 146, fig. 1913.

A perry pear which is said to have sprung from seed in Styria. Tree medium, roundish, a rather late and rather light bearer. Fruit roundish-oblate, medium in size, similar to Rummelter Birne but smaller, greenish-yellow, finely dotted, russeted; stem short, thick, brown; calyx half open to open, with erect lobes; flesh granular, whitish-green, not especially juicy, rich in sugar; Oct.

=Zimmtfarbige Schmalzbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:58. 1856.

Middle Germany; first published in 1826. Fruit rather large, pyramidal, often obtuse, slightly ribbed; skin rough, entirely covered with light cinnamon russet, without dots; flesh granular and pulpy, sweet; third for dessert, very good for household use; Oct.

=Zink Pfalzgrafenbirne. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 302. 1889.

_Weisse Pfalzgrafenbirne._ =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:49. 1856.

Reported from Germany about 1766. Tree a late but productive bearer. Fruit medium, bulging pyriform, irregular, greenish-yellow, becoming lemon yellow, often blushed, dotted with yellow, later dotted with brown and green; stem thick, fleshy, rather long; calyx open; lobes long; flesh sweet, perfumed; fair; early Sept.

=Zoar Beauty. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =13=:110. 1847. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 347, fig. 1854.

_Belle de Zoar._ 3. _Guide Prat._ 112, 234. 1876.

Originated at Zoar, Ohio. Tree vigorous, an early and abundant bearer; shoots dark brown. Fruit medium or below, acute-pyriform, light yellow, thickly dotted with minute green dots, beautiful crimson or carmine in the sun with deep red dots; stem long, curved, slender, fleshy at insertion, often by a ring or lip, in a small cavity; calyx large for size of fruit, open; lobes erect or recurved; flesh white, granular, half breaking, moderately juicy, sweet, aromatic; good; early Aug.

=Zoé. 1.= _Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt._ 72. 1883. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 101. 1895.

A foreign sort, probably French. Tree very vigorous, thrifty. Fruit very large, oblong, deep green; flesh tender, melting, sweet; Dec. and Jan.

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES, WITH ABBREVIATIONS USED

The list of books which follows contains all American pomological works in which the pear is discussed at any length. Only such European books are listed, however, as were found useful in writing _The Pears of New York_. Only periodicals are listed to which references are made in the text of the book. The reports and bulletins of experiment stations and horticultural societies are not included since the abbreviations used for such publications will be recognized by all. The date of copyright has been preferred to that of publication, though sometimes it has been necessary to use the latter, as when there were several editions from the same copyright.

Aepfel u. Birnen

Aepfel und Birnen. Die wichtigsten deutschen Kernobstsorten. Herausgegeben im engen Anschlusse an die "Statistik der deutschen Kernobstsorten" von R. Goethe, H. Degenkolb und R. Mertens und unter der Leitung der Obstund Weinbau-Abteilung der Deutschen Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft. (_Illustrirt._) Berlin: 1894.

Am. Gard

American Gardening. An Illustrated Journal of Horticulture and Gardener's Chronicle. New York: 1892-1904. Copyright, 1903. (Before its union with Popular Gardening in 1892, the publication was known as The American Garden. Both Popular Gardening and The American Garden resulted from the union or absorption of several other horticultural periodicals.)

Am. Gard. Mag.

The American Gardener's Magazine, and Register of Useful Discoveries and Improvements in Horticulture and Rural Affairs. See Mag. Hort.

Am. Hort. An.

American Horticultural Annual. A Year-book of Horticultural Progress for the Professional and Amateur Gardener, Fruit-grower, and Florist. (_Illustrated._) New York: 1867. Copyright, 1867. New edition. New York: 1870. Copyright, 1869.

Am. Jour. Hort.

The American Journal of Horticulture and Florist's Companion. (_Illustrated._) Volumes 1-5. Boston: 1867-1869. Copyrights, 1867-1869. Continued as Tilton's Journal of Horticulture and Floral Magazine. (_Illustrated._) Volumes 6-9. Boston: 1869-71. Copyrights, 1869-1871.

Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt.

Proceedings of the American Pomological Society. Issued usually biennially from 1850 to date. First published as the Proceedings of the National Convention of Fruit Growers in 1848.

Ann. Hort.

Annal of Horticulture and yearbook of information on practical gardening. 5 Volumes. London: 1846-1850.

Ann. Pom. Belge

Annales de Pomologie Belge et Étrangère; publiées par la Commission royale de Pomologie Instituée par S. M. le Roi des Belges. (_Illustré._) Huit Tomes. Bruxelles: 1853-1860.

Bailey, Ann. Hort.

Annals of Horticulture in North America for the Years 1889-1893. A Witness of Passing Events and a Record of Progress. By L. H. Bailey. New York: 1890-1894. Copyrights, 1889, 1891-1894.

Baltet, Cult. Fr.

Traité de la Culture Fruitière Commerciale et Bourgeoise. Par Charles Baltet. (_Illustré._) Quatrième Édition. Paris: 1908.

Barry, Fr. Garden

The Fruit Garden. By P. Barry. (_Illustrated._) New York: 1852. Copyright, 1851. Revised Edition, 1896. Copyright, 1883.

Black, Cult. Peach & Pear

The Cultivation of the Peach and the Pear, on the Delaware And Chesapeake Peninsula; with a Chapter on Quince Culture and the Culture of Some of the Nut-Bearing Trees. By John S. Black, M. D. (_Illustrated._) Wilmington: 1886. Copyright, 1886.

Bradley, Gard.

New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical. In three parts. By Richard Bradley. (_Illustrated._) Seventh Edition with Appendix. London: 1739.

Bridgeman, Gard. Ass't.

The Young Gardener's Assistant, in three parts. By Thomas Bridgeman. New Edition, with an Appendix. New York: 1857. Copyright, 1847.

Brookshaw, Hort. Reposit.

The Horticultural Repository, containing Delineations of the best Varieties of the Different Species of English Fruits. By George Brookshaw. (_Illustrated._) In Two Volumes. London: 1823.

Brookshaw, Pom. Brit.

Pomona Britannica, or A Collection of the Most Esteemed Fruits at present Cultivated In Great Britain; selected principally from the Royal Gardens At Hampton Court, and the remainder from The Most Celebrated Gardens Round London; Accurately Drawn and Colored from Nature, with Full Descriptions of their Various Qualities, Seasons, &c. By George Brookshaw. Volumes I and II. London: 1817. Vol. II. The Pear.

Budd-Hansen, Am. Hort. Man.

American Horticultural Manual. By J. L. Budd, assisted by N. E. Hansen. (_Illustrated._) In Two Volumes. Volume 2, New York and London: 1903. Copyright, 1903.

Bunyard, Handb. Hardy Fr.

A Handbook of Hardy Fruits more commonly grown in Great Britain. Apples and Pears. By Edward A. Bunyard. London: 1920.

Bunyard-Thomas, Fr. Gard.

The Fruit Garden. By George Bunyard and Owen Thomas. (_Illustrated._) London and New York: 1904.

Can. Hort.

The Canadian Horticulturist. (_Illustrated._) Toronto and Peterboro: 1878 to date.

Cat. Cong. Pom. France

Société Pomologique de France Catalogue Descriptif des Fruits Adoptés par le Congrès Pomologique. Lyon: 1887. Ibid.: 1906.

Cecil, Hist. Gard. Eng.

A History Of Gardening In England. By the Hon. Mrs. Evelyn Cecil. Third and enlarged edition. (_Illustrated._) New York: 1910.

Christ, Handb.

Handbuch über die Obstbaumzucht und Obstlehre. Von J. L. Christ. Vierte, sehr verbesserte und vermehrte Auflage. Frankfurt: 1817.

Cole, Am. Fr. Book

The American Fruit Book; containing directions for Raising, Propagating, and Managing Fruit Trees, Shrubs and Plants; with a description of the Best Varieties of Fruit, including New and Valuable Kinds. By S. W. Cole. (_Illustrated._) Boston: 1849. Copyright, 1849.

Country Gent.

The Country Gentleman. Albany: 1853-1865. The Cultivator & Country Gentleman. Albany: 1866-1897. The Country Gentleman. Albany and Philadelphia: 1898 to date.

Coxe, Cult. Fr. Trees

A View of the Cultivation of Fruit Trees, and the Management of Orchards and Cider; with accurate descriptions of the most estimable varieties of Native and Foreign Apples, Pears, Peaches, Plums and Cherries, cultivated in the middle states of America. By William Coxe. (_Illustrated._) Philadelphia: 1817. Copyright, 1817.

Cultivator

The Cultivator. Albany: 1834-1865. In 1866 united with The Country Gentleman.

Cult. & Count. Gent.

The Cultivator & Country Gentleman. See Country Gent.

De Candolle, Or. Cult. Plants

Origin of Cultivated Plants. By Alphonse de Candolle. Geneva [Switzerland]: 1882. New York: 1885.

Decaisne & Naudin, Man. Amat. Jard

Manuel de L'Amateur Des Jardins Traité Général D'Horticulture. Par Jh. Decaisne et CH. Naudin. (_Illustré._) Quatre Tomes. Paris. Vol. 4. Pears.

Deut. Obstsorten

Deutschland's Obstsorten bearbeitet von Müller-Diemitz, Grau-Körbelitz, Bissmann-Gotha unter Mitwirkung hervorragender Fachmänner. Sechs Bände; Hefte 1-18. Stuttgart: 1905-10.

Dochnahl, Führ. Obstkunde

Der sichere Führer in der Obstkunde auf botanisch-pomologischen Wege oder Systematische Breschreibung aller Obstsorten. Von F. J. Dochnahl. Vier Bände. Nürnberg: 1855-60. Vol. 2, 1856. Pears.

Downing, Fr. Trees Am.

The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America: or the culture, propagation, and management, in the garden and orchard, of fruit trees generally; with Descriptions Of All The Finest Varieties Of Fruit, Native and Foreign, Cultivated In This Country. By A. J. Downing. (_Illustrated._) New York & London: 1845. Copyright, 1845. Second edition, same text, with colored plates, 1847. First revision, by Charles Downing. New York: 1857. Copyright, 1857. Second revision by Charles Downing. New York: 1869. First appendix, 1872. Second appendix, 1876. Third appendix, 1881.

Downing, Selected Fr.

Selected Fruits: from Downing's Fruits And Fruit-Trees of America. With Some New Varieties: including Their Culture, Propagation, and Management in the Garden and Orchard. By Charles Downing. (_Illustrated._) New York: 1872. Copyright, 1871.

Duhamel, Trait. Arb. Fr.

Traité Des Arbes Fruitiers; Contenant Leur Figure, Leur Description, Leur Culture, &c. Par M. Duhamel Du Monceau. (_Illustré._) Tomes I et II. Paris: 1768. Édition publié en 1872, en trois tomes. Nouvelle Édition en six tomes, 1807-1835.

Elliott, Fr. Book

Elliott's Fruit Book; or, the American Fruit-Grower's Guide in Orchard and Garden. By F. R. Elliott. (_Illustrated._) New York: 1858. Copyright, 1854. Revised edition, 1859.

Field, Pear Cult.

Pear Culture. A Manual for the Propagation, Planting, Cultivation, and Management of The Pear Tree. By Thos. W. Field. (_Illustrated._) New York: 1859. Copyright, 1858.

Flor. & Pom.

The Florist And Pomologist: A Pictorial Monthly Magazine of Flowers, Fruits, and General Horticulture. Conducted at first by Robert Hogg and John Spencer, later by Thomas Moore and William Paul. (_Illustrated._) London: 1862-1884.

Forsyth, Treat. Fr. Trees.

A Treatise on the Culture and Management of Fruit Trees. By William Forsyth. London: 1802. Same with an Introduction and Notes, by William Corbett. Albany: 1803. Seventh edition [English] London: 1824.

Gard. Chron.

The Gardener's Chronicle. (_Illustrated._) London: 1841 to date.

Gard. & For.

Garden And Forest. A Journal of Horticulture, Landscape Art and Forestry. Conducted by Charles S. Sargent. (_Illustrated._) Volumes I-X. New York: 1888-1897. Copyrights, 1888-1897.

Gard. Mon.

The Gardener's Monthly and Horticultural Advertiser. Edited by Thomas Meehan. (_Illustrated._) Philadelphia: 1859-1887.

Garden

The Garden. (_Illustrated._) London: 1872 to date.

Gaucher, Pom. Prak. Obst.

Pomologie des Praktischen Obstbaumzüchters. Von N. Gaucher. (_Illustrirt._) Stuttgart: 1894.

Gen. Farmer

The Genesee Farmer. Edited by Luther Tucker, Rochester: 1831-1839. Then consolidated with the Cultivator. Another periodical of the same name was published in Rochester from 1845 to 1865. Also New Genesee Farmer and Monthly Genesee Farmer.

Gerarde, Herball

The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. By John Gerarde. Enlarged and amended by Thomas Johnson. London: 1633. Reprinted without alteration, 1636.

Guide Prat.

Guide Pratique de L'Amateur De Fruits. Description Et Culture Des Variétés De Fruits classées par séries de mérite Composant Les Collections Pomologiques De L'Etablissement Horticole des Frères Simon-Louis. A Plantières-Les-Metz (Lorraine Annexée) Suivi D'Une Table Générale Alphabétique de Tous Les Synonymes Connus, Français et Étrangers, appartenent à chaque variété. Par O. Thomas. Nancy: 1876. Deuxième Édition. Paris et Nancy: 1895.

Hoffy, N. Am. Pom.

Hoffy's North American Pomologist, containing numerous Finely Colored Drawings, accompanied by letter press descriptions, &c., of Fruits of American Origin. Edited by William D. Brincklé. Book No. 1. Philadelphia: 1860. Copyright, 1860.

Hoffy, Orch. Com.

The Orchardist's Companion. Alfred Hoffy, Editor and Publisher. A quarterly journal. Vol. I, 1841-2; Vol. II, 1842-3. Philadelphia.

Hogg, Fruit Man.

The Fruit Manual: A Guide to the Fruits and Fruit Trees of Great Britain. By Robert Hogg. First edition, London: 1860. Second edition, 1861. Third edition, 1866. Fourth edition, 1873. Fifth edition, 1884.

Hort. Reg. (Am.)

Horticultural Register and Gardener's Magazine. Edited by T. G. Fessenden and J. E. Teschemacher. Volume I. Boston: 1835.

Hort. Reg. (Eng.)

The Horticultural Register and General Magazine. By Joseph Paxton and Joseph Harrison. Vol. I. London: 1833.

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