Chapter V: Minor Varieties of Pears (10)

Although the origin of this variety is doubtful it is almost certainly French. Diel received it from Holland but German pomologists appear to have regarded it as French. Claude Saint-Etienne described it in 1670. Fruit medium, globular-ovate, mammillate at summit, one side always more convex than the other, grayish-green on the shaded side and pale yellow on that exposed to the sun, dotted and slightly stained with gray-russet; flesh whitish, semi-fine and semi-breaking, watery, rarely very gritty; juice plentiful, very saccharine, acidulous and aromatic; second; Aug.

=Gros Rousselet. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:250, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 590. 1884.

_Roi d'Été._ =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 843. 1869.

Mentioned by Rea as being cultivated in England in 1665 under the name of _Great Russet of Remes_, under which name it was also known in France, there being known these two varieties, the _Gros Rousselet de Rheims_ and the _Petit-Rousselet_. Father Rapin, a French Jesuit, who wrote in 1666 the poem _Hortorum_, mentioned the pears of Rousselet in the Valley of Amiterne at the foot of the Apennines. In 1783 the German pomologist Henri Manger wrote that he believed the French _Rousselet_ was none other than the Roman _Favonianum_ mentioned by Pliny. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyriform, yellowish or bright green changing to bright lemon-yellow, covered with numerous small brown spots, red on the side next the sun; flesh yellowish, semi-melting, semi-breaking, rich in sugary and perfumed juice; variable in quality, requires a warm, sheltered position; Aug. and Sept.

=Gros Rousselet d'Aout. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =8=:53, fig. 1860. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 776. 1869.

_Rousselet d'Aout._ =3.= _Pom. France_ =2=:No. 83, Pl. 83. 1863.

This was one of the first seedlings raised by Van Mons and is 201 in his catalog of 1823. Fruit medium, pyriform, yellow washed with rose-red; flesh fine, melting, juicy, sugary, acidulous, with an agreeable perfume; a very good early fruit, ripening in August in Belgium.

=Gros Trouvé. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 95. 1876.

This seedling was found by Gabriel Everard in a garden at Tournai, Bel. Fruit very large, fusiform, washed with red on the side next the sun; flesh breaking; first for kitchen purposes; keeps until the autumn of the year following.

=Grosse Eisbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:188. 1856.

Reported in 1802. Fruit medium, onion-shaped; skin very smooth, shining and greasy, yellowish-green changing to light citron-yellow, often somewhat blushed; flesh coarse, solid and dry; third for the table, first for culinary use; Oct.

=Grosse Figue. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 95, 278. 1876.

Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, yellow stained with brown; flesh semi-melting, juicy, well perfumed; first; Nov.

=Grosse gelbe Weinbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:49. 1856.

Nassau, 1805. Fruit below medium, globular, obtuse-conic, often turbinate, light lemon-yellow, dotted with fine brown spots, somewhat russeted; flesh extremely juicy, vinous, mingled sweet and sour; third for dessert, very good for the kitchen.

=Grosse-Herbst-Bergamotte. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:169. 1856.

Reported in middle Germany, 1806. Fruit medium, long-pyriform, round, yellowish-green, russeted, speckled with gray dots; flesh breaking, firm, white, juicy, sweet; third for dessert, good for household use; Oct.

=Grosse Landlbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbiren_ 66, fig. 1913.

A perry pear grown throughout Austria. Fruit medium, turbinate, otherwise short-pyriform; skin smooth, shining, yellow when ripe, blushed on the side opposed to the sun, sprinkled with numerous dots of cinnamon-brown; flesh coarse-grained, yellow-white, very juicy, sweet, astringent and without aroma; excellent; Oct. to Dec.

=Grosse Leutsbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 112, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit medium, long-pyriform, green covered all over with gray-russet; flesh very juicy, astringent, saccharine, with a sourish after-taste; good for transportation; Oct.

=Grosse-Louise. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:253, fig. 1869.

A chance seedling found in a garden of the town of Tourcoing, Fr. Fruit large, conic-turbinate-obtuse, bossed and generally mammillate at summit, yellow, slightly greenish, dotted all over with russet and having some small brown stains; flesh white, very fine, dense, free from grit; juice very abundant, sugary, sweet, delicately perfumed; first; Sept.

=Grosse Mostputzer. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 114, fig. 1913.

A perry pear grown throughout Austria. Fruit medium but variable in size, globular, turbinate, otherwise pyriform; skin firm, leaf-green turning bright yellow at maturity, with large russet dots; flesh yellow-white, coarse-grained, very juicy, subacid and strongly astringent; very good for transportation on account of its prolonged season of maturity; Oct. to Dec.

=Grosse Petersbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:168. 1856.

Reported in Thuringia, 1804. Fruit medium, obtuse-conic, yellow, blushed, some russet, dotted with green, thin-skinned; flesh sweet, deficient in juice; third for dessert, good for household use, good for the market.

=Grosse Poire d'Amande. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =4=:97, fig. 1856.

_Grosse Angleterre de Noisette._ =2.= Noisette _Man. Comp. Jard._ =2=:524. 1860.

Belgian. Fruit large, long-conic or obtuse-pyramidal, grayish-green becoming yellow at maturity, slightly bronzed on the side next the sun, speckled all over with numerous brown dots; flesh yellowish-white, fine, melting, buttery; juice very plentiful, sugary; flesh sweet and tasting strongly of almond; first; Sept. and Oct.

=Grosse Poire de Vitrier. 1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =1=:107. 1831.

Fruit large, turbinate, yellow, with red blush, perfumed; Nov. and Dec.

=Grosse Queue. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:257, fig. 1869.

This variety probably originated about 1653 when Nicolas de Bonnefond named it in his _Jardinier francais_. In 1675, however, Merlet gave a rather complete description of it and a few years later it was admitted by La Quintinye into the orchard of Louis XIV at Versailles. Fruit medium, rather variable, always globular in the lower part, bossed and more or less conic near the summit, a little wrinkled especially on the side next the sun, olive-yellow, finely rayed and dotted with clear green, and washed with carmine on the exposed face; flesh very white, semi-fine, breaking or semi-melting, juice deficient, sweet mingled with sourness, musky; third; Sept. and Oct.

=Grosse Rommelter. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1876.

A French pear valued for perry making. Fruit medium, globular, green; first for perry; Oct. Tree very vigorous, extraordinarily fertile and succeeding everywhere.

=Grosse schöne Jungfernbirne. 1.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 124. 1825.

German. Reported 1805. Fruit below medium, ventriculous-pyriform, sides rather unequal; skin extremely smooth, light yellowish-green turning to greenish-yellow, often washed with a slight brownish blush; second for dessert, first for the kitchen; end of Aug. for two weeks.

=Grosse September Birne. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 226. 1889.

_Belle de Septembre._ =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:211, fig. 1867.

An old variety originated in Prussia and cultivated chiefly in the north of Germany and especially in Pomerania. Fruit above medium and sometimes large, oblong or globular-turbinate, generally having unequal sides, pale yellow, stained with fawn, finely dotted with gray and sometimes washed with brown-red on the cheek exposed to the sun; flesh greenish, fine, semi-melting, rarely gritty; juice abundant, saccharine, perfumed, delicate but rather astringent; second; end of Sept.

=Grosse Sommer-Zitronenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:24. 1856.

Reported in Saxony in 1803. Fruit medium, long-turbinate, sides uneven; skin extremely shining, light green changing to lemon-yellow, spotted with gray, rather rust-colored on the side next the sun; flesh coarse, melting, rather yellow in the interior, very aromatic, tender and juicy; first for dessert, household and market; end of Aug. for 14 days.

=Grosse Sommersirene. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:49. 1856.

Holland, 1804. Fruit small, ventriculous-pyriform, smooth, shining lemon-yellow, without any russet, watery, with a tart sweetness; third for dessert; best for market.

=Grosse späte Weinbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:196. 1856.

Switzerland. Reported first in 1848. Fruit above medium, ventriculous-turbinate, green-yellow, blushed with a brownish tint, spotted with white, and marked with russet; flesh coarse-grained, very juicy, astringent, vinous and sourish; very good for perry; Oct.

=Grosser Roland. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:4. 1856.

First reported from Treves, Prussia, in 1801. One of the group of Volema or Pound Pears. Fruit large, bent and uneven in form, light green changing to yellowish, blushed; flesh breaking, aromatic, juicy; first for household use; Sept.

=Groveland. 1.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:248. 1903.

A native variety grown in Alabama and southeastern States. Fruit large, obovate, obtuse-pyriform, greenish-yellow, with brownish cheek, washed, netted and speckled nearly all over with russet; flesh creamy-white, tender, buttery, juicy, vinous; good; autumn.

=Grubbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 116, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit rather large, irregular in form, diminishing toward the stem almost acutely, yellow-green slightly blushed, dotted and speckled with russet; flesh coarse-grained, juicy, astringent, saccharine and with an agreeable flavor; good for keeping and transporting; Oct.

=Grumkow. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:260, fig. 1869.

Discovered by M. Koberstein at Rügenwald, Basse-Pomerania, Prussia. Diel, first to describe it, placed its origin at about 1806. Fruit medium, very irregular, long, pyramidal, always obtuse, contorted and much warted, pale green, sprinkled with a few gray specks, more or less colored with brown-red on the sunny side; flesh whitish, fine, breaking, or semi-breaking; juice abundant, saccharine, acidulous, with a musky flavor; second; Oct. to Dec.

=Grunbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:10. 1856.

A German pound pear. Originated in Württemberg and reported in 1830. Fruit medium, long, sides unequal, dark green, with dark red blush on ripening; flesh greenish-white, breaking, granular, glutinous, juicy, aromatic; first for kitchen; Aug.

=Grüne Confesselsbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:193. 1856.

Thuringia, 1797. Fruit small, obtuse-conic, grass-green changing to yellowish-green, green dots; flesh yellow, firm, insipid; second for table, good for household; May to Aug.

=Grüne frühe Gewurzbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:32. 1856.

Nassau, 1816. Fruit small, turbinate, yellowish grass-green often rather blushed, very fine spotting, thick-skinned; flesh granular, semi-melting, aromatic, musky; second for dessert, good for domestic and market use; early Sept. for 8 days.

=Grüne fürstliche Tafelbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:135. 1856.

Wetterau, 1797. Fruit small, globular, thin-skinned, light green changing to yellowish-green, seldom blushed; flesh white, buttery, melting, juicy, full of flavor; first for table and market; Aug.

=Grüne gesegnete Winterbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:174. 1856.

Holland, 1802. Fruit medium, globular, light green changing to yellowish-green, dotted with small brown specks; flesh coarse-grained near centre, breaking, juicy, very sweet; good for culinary use; Jan. to Mar.

=Grüne langstielige Winterhirtenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:83. 1856.

Said to be a Belgian variety, published by Diel in 1802. Fruit medium, globular-oblate, bossed, dark green changing to light green, a rather brownish blush, fine gray dots; flesh greenish-white, buttery, melting; first for table and household; Feb.

=Grüne Pfundbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:6. 1856.

_Poire Livre Verte._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3=:11, fig. 102. 1878.

A German Rhineland Pound pear, 1826. Fruit very large, regular in form, five inches long by three and a half broad, uniform green turning to yellow-green, covered with dense star-like brown spots; flesh breaking, juicy, aromatic; first for kitchen; Oct.

=Grüne Pichelbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 118, fig. 1913.

A perry pear extensively grown under a variety of names throughout Austria. Fruit medium, globular-ovate, shining dark green, yellowish when ripe, white dots; flesh coarse-grained, yellow-white turning more yellow on ripening, juicy and astringent; Oct. and Nov.

=Grüne Sommer-Bergamote. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:9. 1856.

Saxony, 1803. A Volema or Pound pear. Fruit medium, globular, dark green changing to yellowish-green, blushed with streaks of brown; flesh glutinous, juicy, aromatic; first for household; Sept.

=Grüne Sommer-Citronenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:156. 1856.

Thuringia, 1841. Fruit small, ventriculous, rather variable, shining light green becoming a uniform light greenish-yellow, russeted with gray, specked with gray dots; flesh granular near the centre, melting, acid, sweet, strongly scented with musk; first for table and household.

=Grüne Wiedenbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 120, fig. 1913.

A perry pear grown throughout Austria. Fruit medium, turbinate, otherwise short-pyriform, irregular; skin smooth, shining green turning greenish-yellow when ripe, with numerous very fine green dots; flesh whitish, coarse, juicy, not particularly firm when ripe, astringent, sourish and saccharine; mid-Oct. for fourteen days.

=Grüne Winawitz. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 122, fig. 1913.

A perry pear grown under a variety of names in Upper and Lower Austria. Fruit medium, long-ovate, greatest diameter at its center, light green turning yellowish at maturity, covered with russet and green dots; flesh yellowish, coarse and juicy, saccharine, astringent; good for transport; Oct. and Nov.

=Grünmostler. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 84, fig. 1913.

A perry pear widely distributed in Switzerland and Austria. Fruit fairly large, globular-oblate, ventriculous, one side larger than the other; flesh greenish-white, coarse, juicy, saccharine and acidulous; mid-Oct., for about two weeks.

=Gulabi. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 93. 1895.

Sent out and recommended as one of the best sorts in the Caucasus by M. Niemetz of Winnitza in the former Government of Polish-Russia. The varieties of the Caucasus are for the most part highly saccharine, rather coarse, and the vegetation very vigorous.

=Guntershauser Holzbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:196. 1856.

Württemberg, Ger., 1848. Fruit medium, turbinate, uniform whitish-green, russet dots; flesh fine-grained, very juicy, vinous, astringent, sweet; good; Oct.

=Gustave Bivort. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 776. 1869.

French. Fruit medium, globular, pale yellow, with stains and nettings of russet, blushed on side next the sun; flesh white, juicy, semi-melting, sweet, slightly perfumed; good or very good; Aug.

=Gustave Bourgogne. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:262, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 776. 1869.

Gained by Van Mons at Louvain about 1840. Fruit large or medium, turbinate-ovate, flattened at both poles, whitish-green, speckled with fine fawn dots, some bronze-green on the side next the sun; flesh white, semi-fine, almost melting; juice very abundant and sugary, delicately perfumed, refreshing, and agreeable; second for both eating and cooking; Sept.

=Gustin Summer. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 575. 1857. =2.= _Ibid._ 776. 1869.

Originated in New Jersey. Fruit small, globular, yellow, sweet without much flavor; Sept.

=Gute Grüne. 1.= Christ _Handb._ 524. 1817.

German. Fruit medium, globular, green changing to yellowish, blushed; flesh tender, melting; beginning of Sept. for several weeks.

=Habichtsbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:146. 1856.

Rhineland. Described by Diel in 1804. Fruit very large, 5 in. x 3 in., hook-nosed or like the beak of a bird, crooked, uniformly light green, densely speckled with light brown dots and marked with russet; flesh coarse-grained, semi-melting, breaking; third for table and good for cooking; Nov. and Dec.

=Hacon Incomparable. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 20. 1841. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 591. 1884.

About the year 1792 a Mrs. Rayner sowed the seeds of a Rayner's Norfolk Seedling at Norfolk, Eng. Subsequently, about 1814, one of the resultant trees was propagated from grafts by a Mr. Hacon of the same place. The hardy and productive tree renders it particularly valuable for climates similar to that of England. The blossoms bear the sharpest frosts without injury but the tree cannot be made to bear until it is eight to ten years old. Fruit medium, globular-oblate, flattened and depressed at both poles, pale yellowish-green, covered with numerous russety spots and markings; flesh yellowish-white, melting, buttery with a rich, vinous, sweet, musky flavor; Nov. to Jan.

=Haddington. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =13=:274. 1847.

In 1828 J. B. Smith, a farmer near Haddington, Philadelphia, raised this pear from seed of a Pound pear. Fruit above medium, obovate-pyriform, greenish-yellow, with a brownish cheek and minute russet dots and patches; flesh yellowish, juicy, aromatic; texture varies, some being quite melting, others inclined to break; good; Jan. to Apr.

=Haffner Butterbirne. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 230. 1889.

_Beurré Haffner._ =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =3=:Pt. 1, 77, fig, 37. 1866-73.

A variety found as a chance seedling near Nuremberg, Bavaria, by the Brothers Haffner; first published in 1854 by Biedenfeld. Fruit medium, ovate-pyriform, pale yellow, speckled and stained with russet; flesh white, sometimes a little yellow, rather granular but fine, slightly gritty at center, full of sugary, vinous juice, and has a perfume similar to that of the Beurré Gris; good; Oct.

=Hagar. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 777. 1869.

French, according to Downing. Fruit medium, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, pale yellow, shade of red in sun, some russet; flesh coarse, dry, sweet; poor; Oct.

=Haight. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 777. 1869.

An American variety. Fruit medium, globular-pyriform, yellow, shaded and mottled with red in the sun, with small brown dots and traces of russet; flesh white, pink at center, a little coarse, breaking, juicy, sweet and pleasant; good; Oct.

=Hallische gelbe Honigbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:149. 1856.

Saxony. Fruit small, oblate, flattened, sides unequal, yellowish-green changing to light yellow; flesh breaking, coarse-grained, very juicy and sweet; second for dessert, good for kitchen; Sept.

=Hamburg. 1.= _Can. Hort._ =14=:12, fig. 2. 1891.

Russian. Fruit medium, yellow-green; flesh juicy, perfumed; Sept.

=Hamburger Birne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:5. 1856.

A North German Pound pear; published in 1816. Fruit medium, turbinate or conic-obtuse, light green changing to light yellow, with dark russet markings; flesh breaking, juicy, aromatic; first for the kitchen; Oct.

=Hamilton. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 777. 1869.

Originated in South Carolina, where it is said to be of good quality. Fruit medium, oblate; skin rough, yellowish, some stains and numerous dots of russet; flesh yellowish, coarse, wanting in juice; Nov.

=Hammelsbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:170. 1856.

Thuringia, 1794. Fruit below medium, ovate, yellow-green changing to citron-yellow, numerous small dots, thick-skinned; flesh granular, sweet; third for dessert, not of much value for culinary use.

=Hamon. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:264, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 777. 1869.

Raised by M. Nérard, a nurseryman at Vaise near Lyons, Fr., from seed sown by him in 1834. Fruit medium, irregular-ovate, often a little bossed, pale green, covered with large fawn dots; flesh slightly greenish, coarse, melting, juicy, sugary, acerb, with an agreeable flavor; second; Aug.

=Hampden Bergamot. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 591. 1884.

An old variety of uncertain origin and possessing many synonyms. Fruit large, globular, narrowing abruptly to the stalk, even and regular in outline, pale greenish-yellow, with traces of thin russet and greenish dots, sometimes a tinge of brownish-red next the sun; flesh white, rather coarse-grained, buttery, sweet, agreeable; handsome, but hardly more than second class; Sept.

=Hampton Bergamot. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 778. 1869.

Originated with W. C. Hampton, Mount Victory, Ohio. Fruit small, globular-oblate, yellow, netted and sprinkled with russet and green dots; flesh whitish, coarse, juicy, semi-melting, vinous; good; Sept.

=Hampton Cluster. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 778. 1869.

Raised by W. C. Hampton, Mount Victory, Ohio. Fruit borne in clusters, very small, globular, greenish-yellow, shaded with dull red on the sun-exposed side, netted with russet; flesh juicy, melting, sweet; very good; Sept.

=Hampton Virgalieu. 1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 388, fig. 1859. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 778. 1869.

Originated with W. C. Hampton, Mount Victory, Ohio, from a seed of the White Doyenné. Tree vigorous, hardy and productive. Fruit medium, globular, or slightly obtuse-pyriform, yellowish-green at maturity, with many russet dots and marblings of russet, the latter becoming reddish-brown in the sun; flesh white, buttery, juicy, rich, vinous, brisk; core small; very good; Oct. and Nov.

=Hancock. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 44. 1866.

A seedling fruited by S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass., in 1861. Fruit 4-1/2 in. long, 3 in. wide, obovate, light green; flesh breaking and juicy, a great bearer, and an excellent cooking pear, always sells readily; Sept.

=Hangelbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:145. 1856.

Holstein, published 1788. Fruit large, long-gourd-shaped, yellow-green, yellow on the sunny side; flesh breaking, coarse-grained, fairly juicy, sweet; third for dessert, good for kitchen; Nov. to Apr.

=Hannover'sche Jakobsbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:172. 1856. =2.= Lauche _Deut. Pom._ =II=:No. 27, Pl. 27. 1882.

Hanover, Prussia, 1851. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyriform, dull grass-green changing to yellow, with a brownish blush, dotted with green on the yellow and with bright yellow on the flush; flesh whitish, fine, sweet, becoming mealy when over ripe; third for dessert, good for culinary use and market; July.

=Hannover'sche Margarethenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:40. 1856.

Hanover, Prussia, 1851. Fruit medium, turbinate, light green turning to light yellow; flesh yellowish-white, breaking, soon becoming mealy when ripe; second for table, good for kitchen use; end of July for 2 weeks.

=Hanover. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 779. 1869.

From Hanover Furnace, N. J. Fruit below medium, globular-obovate, green, with dull green-russet markings, and a brown cheek; flesh greenish-yellow, exceedingly melting and juicy; flavor pleasant, good; Oct.

=Hardenpont frühe Colmar. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:100. 1856. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 96, 280. 1876.

This is not the _Passe Colmar_ of Hardenpont, although regarded as such by Dochnahl. It ripens in August and September whereas Passe Colmar is in season during November and December. Fruit medium, globular-turbinate, a beautiful uniform yellow; flesh fine-grained, musky; Aug. and Sept.

=Harigelsbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:172. 1856.

Württemberg, 1830. Fruit medium, obtuse-conic, light green changing to golden yellow, with a dark blush; flesh rather astringent, sweet, breaking, aromatic; third for table, not of much account for cooking; Oct.

=Harnard. 1.= _N. J. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 11. 1877.

Shown before the New Jersey State Horticultural Society in 1877. Said to be "a seedling from the farm of John Harnard, Springfield," N. J., and to have originated about 30 years previously. A cooking pear, valued for its regular and abundant bearing and keeping qualities.

=Harris= (Georgia). =1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 779. 1869.

Disseminated from Georgia. Fruit medium, obovate-obtuse to obovate-acute-pyriform, pale yellow, deep red in the sun, many green and brown dots; flesh whitish, buttery, not juicy, sweet; good; Sept.

=Harris= (Massachusetts). =1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 153. 1874. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 2nd App., 149, fig. 1872.

Raised by Lemuel Clapp, Dorchester, Mass., from Urbaniste crossed with Beurré Bosc. Fruit above medium, ovate-pyriform, resembling Beurré Hardy; stem medium long; flesh yellowish-white, fine grained, very tender, melting, juicy, rich, vinous, spirited, aromatic; very good to best; Oct.

=Harrison Large Fall. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 575. 1857.

_Rushmore._ =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:608, fig. 1869.

A fine old baking pear of American origin. Fruit large, irregular, inclined, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, pale yellow with a red cheek; Aug. to Oct.

=Hartberger Mostbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 14, fig. 1913.

A perry pear grown in Hungary and Austria. Fruit medium, globular and irregular, somewhat acute toward the stalk, dark green turning to yellow-green, finely dotted and much covered with russet; flesh greenish-white, abnormally large core and seeds, firm and juicy; Oct.

=Harte Neapolitanerin. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:192. 1856.

Although cultivated mainly at Naples, Italy, in the middle of the last century and called the pear of Naples, it appears to have been first published in France in 1802. Fruit medium, turbinate, medium ventriculous, light green changing to lemon-yellow, blushed; flesh firm, sweetish, aromatic; very good for culinary uses; Jan. to summer.

=Harvard. 1.= McIntosh _Bk. Gard._ =2=:457. 1855. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 779. 1869. _Belle de Flushing._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:201, fig. 1867.

Originated at Cambridge, Mass. In 1851 it was taken from America to France without a label by Parsons, a nurseryman at Flushing, N. Y., and was named _Belle de Flushing_ by Leroy. Fruit rather large, oblong-pyriform, russety olive-yellow, with a brownish-red cheek; in France it seems to develop a vivid red on the side exposed to the sun, finely dotted with fawn; flesh white, semi-fine, tender, melting, slightly gritty; juice abundant, saccharine, acidulous and agreeably musky; second; a fine commercial variety; Aug. and Sept.

=Harvest. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 779. 1869.

An American variety. Fruit below medium, globular, pale yellow, tinged with brown-red on exposed side, brown and green dots; flesh whitish, not very juicy or melting, but sweet, pleasant; good; July.

=Hassler. 1.= Cal. Com. Hort. _Pear Grow. Cal._ =7=:No. 5, 260, figs. 52, 53. 1918.

Originated as a chance seedling with J. E. Hassler, Placerville, Cal. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, greenish-yellow, with russet dots; calyx open: basin large, deep, irregular; stem heavy, medium long, inclined in a deep cavity; flesh, fine, juicy, buttery, pleasant; very good; Feb. and Mar.

=Hausemerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:194. 1856.

German, published 1847. Fruit medium, turbinate-obtuse, light green changing to whitish-yellow, blushed, with brown spots; flesh firm, somewhat aromatic; good for kitchen use; Dec. to Mar.

=Hautmonté. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:266, fig. 1869.

Origin unknown but was propagated in the Garden of the Horticultural Society of Angers in 1840. Fruit medium, long-turbinate, yellowish-green spotted with russet and washed with rose-carmine on the side next the sun; flesh whitish, coarse, breaking, juicy, gritty at center; second for dessert, first for stewing; Feb. to Apr.

=Hawaii. 1.= _Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 84. 1880. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =332=:482. 1913.

A Japanese pear; date of introduction unknown. Fruit medium, apple-shaped, light lemon-yellow, with rough, russet dots; flesh hard, gritty, wanting in flavor, subacid; Oct.

=Hawes Winter. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 506. 1857. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 389. 1859.

Originated on the farm of the Hawes family in King and Queen County, Virginia. Fruit large, globular, slightly flattened, dull yellow at maturity, with russet spots; flesh a little coarse, very juicy, rich, sweet, vinous; Nov. to Jan.

=Hawkesbill. 1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 593. 1629.

"The Hawkes bill peare is of a middle size, somewhat like unto the Rowling pears."

=Hays. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 61. 1844. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 238. 1854.

Exhibited, from the Pomological Garden, Salem, Mass., at the sixteenth annual meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, September, 1844. Placed on the rejected list of the American Pomological Society in 1854.

=Heathcot. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =12=:438, fig. 33. 1846.

Raised in 1812 on the estate of Governor Gore in Waltham, Mass. Fruit medium, obovate, greenish-yellow becoming lemon-yellow, very few dots and a few russet streaks, slightly browned on the sunny side; flesh yellowish-white, fine, very melting, buttery and juicy; in flavor it is rich, sprightly, juicy and excellent, with little perfume; Oct.

=Hebe. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =21=:198, fig. 84. 1866.

Raised by William Sumner of Pomaria, S. C. Fruit large; specimens have often weighed 28 ounces, 6 of fair size of this pear generally weigh 8 lbs., globular, obovate, with irregular protuberances, lemon-yellow inclined to greenish, dotted with russet specks and blotches; flesh melting, sprightly, buttery, slightly vinous, has no matured seeds, and seldom forms seeds at all; Dec. in South Carolina.

=Hedwig von der Osten. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 231. 1889.

_Hedwige d'Osten_. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3:=173, fig. 183. 1878.

Herr Schmidt, Blumberg, received this variety from Van Mons under Number 51 and dedicated it to the daughter of a zealous pomologist of his country. Fruit rather large, long-pyriform, rather deformed in contour, water-green changing to dull pale yellow, usually rather golden on the face next the sun; flesh whitish, fine, buttery, very melting, very juicy and delicately perfumed; good for amateurs; Sept. and Oct.

=Hegeman. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 780. 1869.

_Hagerman._ =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 275. 1867.

Originated on the farm of Andrew Hegeman, North Hempstead, Long Island. Fruit medium, globular-ovate, rather variable in form and color, greenish-yellow, netted and dotted with russet; flesh yellowish, juicy, melting, sweet; good to very good; Sept.

=Heilige Angelika-Birne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:108. 1856.

Coblenz, 1792; published by Diel, 1806. Fruit rather large, obtuse-conic, with unequal sides, pale green changing to light yellowish-green, dotted with rusty gray, and rather russeted on the side touched by the sun; flesh whitish, with light green veinings, fine-grained, buttery; first for dessert and household use; Nov. and Dec.

=Hélène Grégoire. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =4=:79, fig. 1856. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:270, fig. 1869.

Xavier Grégoire, a tanner at Jodoigne, Bel., obtained this pear in 1840 from a bed of the seeds of the pear Pastorale. Fruit large or very large, ovate, inclined to be contorted at times, smooth, shining, dotted and veined with russet, stained with the same around the stem and calyx; flesh white, fine, melting, semi-buttery, green under the skin, free from grit, full of sweet juice, delicate and possessed of an exquisite buttery flavor; first; early Oct.

=Hellmann Melonenbirn. 1.= Koch _Deut. Obst._ 481. 1876. =2.= Lauche _Deut. Pom._ =II=:No. 39, Pl. 39. 1882.

German; first published in 1860. Fruit large, globular-obtuse, very variable; skin thick, dark green becoming citron-yellow at maturity, large russet dots, slightly washed with red on the sunny side; flesh yellowish-white, melting, agreeably sweet and vinous, very juicy and having a muscatel flavor; Nov. and Dec.

=Hemminway. 1.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:143. 1908.

_Madame Hemminway._ =2.= Ellwanger & Barry _Cat._ 18. 1900.

Introduced by Ellwanger and Barry. American. Fruit large, obovate-blunt-pyriform, green turning yellow, russeted; stem long, thick, in a small, narrow cavity; flesh yellowish, melting, sweet, juicy; good; Oct.

=Henkel. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =13=:61, fig. 5. 1847. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 781, fig. 1869.

_Henkel d'Automne._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:272, fig. 1869.

Van Mons raised this pear before 1834 and in 1835 or 1836 it was introduced at Boston by Kenrick and Manning. This is the _Cumberland_ of the Belgians. Fruit rather large, broad-obtuse-pyriform, greenish-yellow, netted and patched with russet, sprinkled with green and brown dots; stem rather stout, inclined, inserted by a ring or lip; calyx partially open; flesh whitish, juicy, melting, rich, slightly vinous; very good to best; Sept.

=Henri Bivort. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =20=:462. 1854. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:273, fig. 1869.

_Poire Henri._ =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:137, fig. 67. 1866-73.

Issued from the last seed beds made at Louvain by Van Mons and bought in 1844 by Bivort who transplanted the seedlings to Geest-Saint-Rémy near Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit large or above medium, obtuse-pyramidal, smooth, olive-yellow, dotted with brown, striped and mottled with greenish russet; flesh yellowish-white, fine, semi-buttery, rather melting, rarely very gritty, juice plentiful, sweet, acid, aromatic and delicate; first; end of Aug.

=Henri Bouet. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:274, fig. 1869.

Obtained in 1861 by Henri Bouet, a nurseryman at Fougereuse, Deux-Sèvres, Fr., from Duchesse d'Angoulême fertilized by Jargonelle (French). Fruit large, turbinate-ovate, bossed, mammillate at crown and generally somewhat contorted, pale yellow, dotted and striated with fawn, spotted with greenish-russet around stalk; flesh very white and fine, melting, gritty around the core, extremely juicy, sugary, perfumed, acidulous and possessing a delicious flavor; first; Oct. and Nov.

=Henri de Bourbon. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 232. 1889. =2.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:64. 1908.

Published in Germany in 1881. In Experimental Orchard at Agassiz, B. C., 1900. Fruit medium, pyriform, green changing to yellow, some brown; flesh juicy, melting, sweet; good to very good; mid-season.

=Henri Capron. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:275, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 592. 1884.

Stated by Baron Biedenfeld in 1854 to have issued from a seed bed of Van Mons, it was propagated by the Horticultural Society of Angers in 1848. Fruit medium, long-ovate-acute passing at the top into the stem; skin rough to the touch, gray-green, clouded with dark yellow and dotted with russet; flesh white, semi-fine, melting or semi-melting, inclined to decay before falling, very juicy, sugary, aromatic, often rather astringent; variable in quality; Sept.

=Henri Decaisne. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1876. =2.= _Le Bon Jard._ 362. 1882.

On trial with Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, in 1876. Fruit large, pyriform, greenish-yellow, handsomely washed with vermilion at maturity; flesh melting, and of agreeable flavor; first; Sept. and Oct.

=Henri Desportes. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:276, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 782. 1869.

Raised by Leroy, Angers, Fr., it fruited first in 1862. Fruit large or below, turbinate-obtuse, ventriculous, strongly bossed, generally irregular and much less curved on one side than the other; skin thick, orange-yellow dotted with gray-russet, slightly vermilioned on the side next the sun; flesh white, fine, very melting; juice abundant, vinous, sugary; first; Aug.

=Henri Grégoire. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1876. =2.= _Ibid._ 93. 1895.

On trial with Simon-Louis at Metz, Lorraine, in 1876, and in 1895 and was "very much recommended" by the firm in both of those years. Fruit medium; first; Nov. and Dec.

=Henri Ledocte. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1876.

One of M. Grégoire's seedlings. Fruit medium size; flesh melting; first; Dec. and Jan.

=Henri Quatre. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =12=:173, fig. 6. 1846. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:277, fig. 1869.

_Henry the Fourth._ =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 782. 1869.

On the authority of Diel it appears that this pear was originated by M. de Witzthumb before 1815, and was afterward described by the Vicomte Vilain XIV, mayor of Ghent under Napoleon I. Fruit below medium, obtuse-pyriform, rather variable, often contorted and always has one side larger than the other, greenish-white, becoming deep lemon-yellow as it reaches maturity, much covered with fine cinnamon-russet on which are small greenish dots; flesh yellowish, coarse or semi-fine, breaking, gritty at center, very rich, sweet, juicy and with an aromatic flavor; good; Oct.

=Henrietta. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =4=:231. 1838. =2.= _Ibid._ 487, fig. 42. 1847.

A seedling of Governor Edwards, New Haven, Conn. Fruit a medium-sized and pretty pear, obovate, inclining to oval, tapering towards each end and rather obtuse at the stem; skin fair, smooth, dull yellow, tinged with red in the sun; flesh white, rather coarse, melting, juicy; good; Sept.

=Henriette. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =6=:37, fig. 1858. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 593. 1884.

Raised from seed by Simon Bouvier, Jodoigne, Bel., and produced its first fruit in 1825. Fruit small or medium, globular-turbinate; skin rough, almost entirely washed with russet, colored and stained with red-brown, carmined on the side next the sun; flesh white, rather fine, melting, full of sugary juice, of an agreeable perfume.

=Henriette Van Cauwenberghe. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:171, fig. 86. 1872.

From Lievin Van Cauwenburghe, a business man at Audenarde, Bel., where it bore fruit for the first time about 1827. Fruit medium or nearly large, pyriform-ovate, globular, a little bossed; skin rather thick and firm, pale water-green and whitish, dotted with gray-brown specks; at maturity it becomes dull or orange-yellow and golden on the side of the sun; flesh white, fine, melting, abounding in sweet juice, vinous and pleasantly perfumed; good; Oct.

=Henry= (Connecticut). =1.= _Cultivator_ N. S. =2=:175, fig. 7. 1845.

A seedling raised by the Hon. H. W. Edwards, Governor of Connecticut and described by him to the Pomological Society of New Haven in 1845. Fruit small, turbinate, green turning to yellow, with a coppery blush; flesh juicy, melting and exceedingly rich and sweet, not surpassed by any in richness; Sept.

=Henry= (Illinois). =1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 302. 1895. =2.= _Phoenix Nurs. Cat._ 13. 1906.

Originated from French pear seed planted in 1871 by Henry C. Henry, Effingham County, Ill. Said to be a hardy and long-keeping pear of good quality. Fruit large, resembling Bartlett in shape and flavor.

=Herbelin. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1876.

Fruit medium, having the appearance of Bartlett; flesh fine, a little dense, very sugary; Sept.

=Herbin. 1.= _Guide Prat._. 96. 1876. =2.= Baltet _Trait. Cult. Fr._ 360. 1908.

A French winter pear cultivated particularly at Saint-Erme, Department Aisne. Fruit medium, long, red; first; Feb. and Mar.

=Herborner Schmalzbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:189. 1856.

Nassau, Bel. Published by Diel in 1806. Fruit medium, nearly pyriform; skin smooth, with fine scales, light yellow turning to citron-yellow, without russet; flesh granular, gritty, sweet and acid; good for kitchen use; Sept.

=Herbst-Citronenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:156. 1856.

Thuringia, published in 1810. Fruit small, globular, yellow-green changing to citron-yellow, dotted with green, lightly blushed; flesh yellowish-white, breaking, acidulous, sweet; second for dessert, first for culinary use; Sept. and Oct.

=Herbst-Klöppelbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:159. 1856.

A seedling of Van Mons, 1852. Fruit small, turbinate-ventriculous, sides unequal, green turning to yellowish, blushed on the sunny side with brown; flesh yellowish-white, fine, semi-melting; second for the table, first for the kitchen; Sept. and Oct.

=Herbsteierbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:190. 1856.

Thuringia and Saxony; earliest report 1801. Fruit small, somewhat swelled, green-yellow, dotted with dark green, often strongly blushed with brown, with yellow dots; flesh greenish-white, sweet; third for the table, very good for kitchen use; Sept.

=Herbstlanger. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 36, fig. 1913.

A perry pear growing in the Voralberg and in Switzerland. Fruit large, long-pyriform, almost like Calebasse in form, greenish-yellow changing to lemon-yellow, finely dotted; flesh yellow-white, juicy, saccharine, with a slightly aromatic flavor; Sept.

=Héricart. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:87. 1842. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 783. 1869.

Cions of this variety were received in 1834 and 1835 by Manning and Kenrick from Van Mons of Belgium. It was placed on the list of rejected fruits by the American Pomological Society in 1854. Tree vigorous and productive. Fruit medium, obovate, often rather oblong, yellow, russety; stem medium long, rather slender, set in a small cavity; basin shallow; flesh white, fine-grained, buttery, not rich, peculiarly aromatic, gritty, slightly astringent; good; Sept.

=Héricart de Thury. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:102. 1853. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 783. 1869. =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:281, fig. 1869.

_Thury Schmalzbirne._ =4.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:66. 1856.

Raised from seed by Van Mons and dedicated to M. Héricart de Thury, president of the Society of Horticulture of France. Tree a good grower, rather pyramidal, neither an early nor a profuse bearer. Fruit medium or above, obtuse-ovate-pyriform, yellow, thinly shaded with red in the sun, slightly netted, thickly sprinkled with russet dots; stem long, rather slender, curved, set in a small cavity; calyx closed, set in a small, uneven, basin; flesh white, not very juicy, slightly astringent; good; Nov. and Dec.

=Herkimer. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 783. 1869.

Originated on the farm of S. Earl, Herkimer, New York, previous to 1869. Fruit medium to large, globular-oblate, pale greenish-yellow, clouded with dull red in the sun; flesh white, rather coarse-grained at center, juicy, sweet, melting and agreeable; good; Sept. and Oct.

=Herr Late Winter. 1.= _W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 117. 1880.

Described as a new fruit in 1879 by Barry. It was raised by A. G. Herr of Louisville, Ky. Fruit medium to large, good in quality and a long keeper, sometimes until May and June of the following year.

=Hert. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =1=:145, fig. 71. 1866-73.

From Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, near London, Eng. Fruit medium or nearly medium, ovate-pyriform; skin thick, firm, very pale green, sprinkled with gray-brown dots, citron-yellow when ripe and often golden on the side of the sun; flesh white, fine, semi-melting, sufficient juice which is sugary, refreshing, agreeable; good, for the season; end of winter and spring.

=Hessenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:146, 1856.

German; Hesse, 1815. Fruit medium and above, curved, thin-skinned, greenish-yellow changing to yellow, with a vivid blush, often mottled with yellowish-brown; flesh sweet, juicy, becoming mealy; second for dessert, first for kitchen; Sept. and Oct.

=Hessle. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 593. 1884. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 180. 1920.

Hessle is an old English pear, and takes its name from the village of Hessle in Yorkshire where it was first discovered. Fruit rather small, turbinate, greenish-yellow, much covered with large russety dots, giving it a freckled appearance; flesh nearly white, tender, with an agreeable, aromatic juice; a good market-garden pear; Oct.

=Hewes. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =20=:269. 1854. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 93. 1852.

Raised at Brandywine, Del., from seed of the White Doyenné which it much resembles though smaller. In 1852 it was in possession of Aaron Hewes and was said then to have been in bearing about 28 years. Fruit medium, globular-obovate, yellow; Sept.

=Heyer Zuckerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:55. 1856.

_Sucrée d'Heyer._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:85, fig. 235. 1879.

A Van Mons seedling sent in 1838 to his friend Herr Heyer, a grafter at Luneburg, Hanover, Ger. Fruit medium, long-turbinate, sides unequal, slightly bossed, light green turning to yellow, often flushed with vermilion, speckled with russet; second for the table, first for kitchen; Sept.

=Hilda. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 104. 1895.

Distributed by Daras de Naghin of Antwerp, Bel. Fruit resembles Joséphine de Malines; flesh yellowish-white tinted with green near the stalk, melting, very juicy, having the flavor of the Beurré Gris; Nov. and Dec.

=Hildegard. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:172, 1856.

A seedling of Van Mons; published in 1852. Fruit medium, turbinate-ventriculous, light green turning yellow, washed with brown, sometimes rusty red on the side of the sun; flesh fine, free from grit, very sweet; very good for general household use; all winter to April.

=Hildesheimer Bergamotte. 1.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 132. 1825. =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =3=:Pt. 1, 13, fig. 5. 1866-73.

_Bergamote d'Hildesheim._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:242, fig. 1867.

Central Germany, 1825. Fruit medium, oblate, medium-ventriculous, sides unequal, light green turning to citron-yellow, without any red blush but a good deal russeted: flesh melting, very juicy; a good dessert pear; end of Sept. for 2 weeks.

=Hildesheimer Späte Sommerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:189. 1856.

A seedling of Cludius, Hildesheim, Ger., 1821. Fruit medium, pyriform-ventriculous, sides unequal, yellowish-green, washed with rusty russet on the side of the sun; flesh rosaceous, spongy, sweet, wanting in flavor; third for table, first for culinary use; Sept.

=Hildesheimer Winterbirn. 1.= Christ _Handb._ 496. 1817.

German. Fruit medium, Bergamot-shaped, of excellent flavor; Nov. to Mar.

=Hingham. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 783. 1869.

Originated in Hingham, Mass. Fruit medium, obovate-acute-pyriform, pale yellow, tinged with red on the side next the sun, freely dotted with brown specks; flesh whitish, melting, juicy, vinous; good; Oct.

=Hirschbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 16, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear, raised from a wilding in Styria. Fruit one of the larger perry or wine pears, globular and Bergamot in form, greenish-yellow, brownish-red flush on the side opposed to the sun, brown dots; flesh yellow-white, fairly firm, juicy; good; Oct.

=Hirsenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:36. 1856.

Middle Rhineland, Germany, 1802. Fruit small, pyriform, rounded at the top, sides unequal, light green turning yellowish, often rather brown-blushed, some russet markings; flesh fine-grained, very juicy; second for the table, first for the kitchen; Aug.

=Hitzendorfer Mostbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 86, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit large, globular, somewhat like Bergamot in form, light green, blushed with a beautiful brown-red on the cheek next the sun, tender, dotted; flesh greenish-white, firm and very juicy; end of Sept. for two weeks.

=Hoe Langer Hoe Liever. 1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =1=:93, Tab. III. 1771.

Dutch. Fruit medium, long-pyriform, somewhat ventriculated toward the lower end, often rather deformed, pale green or yellowish-white; flesh fine, gritty, juicy, agreeable, savory, when eaten exactly at the right time, otherwise it is insipid; Sept. and Oct.

=Hofsta. 1.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:145. 1908.

Sweden. C. Gibb called it a fine culinary variety. Fruit medium, pyriform; good; mid-season.

=Holland Green. 1.= Coxe _Cult. Fr. Trees_ 190, fig. 26. 1817. =2.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 137. 1832.

An old variety described by William Coxe in 1817, and stated by him to have been imported from Holland by William Clifton of Philadelphia. It was sometimes called the _Holland Table_ pear. Fruit rather large, irregular or turbinate in form, green, with numerous indistinct spots and small cloudings of russet; flesh melting, sprightly, greenish-white and juicy; thought much of at the beginning of the nineteenth century, but considered by Manning to be worthless in this country. Was discarded by the London Horticultural Society before 1837; Sept. and Oct.

=Holländische Butterbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:136. 1856.

North Germany, 1804, at Bremen. Fruit medium or below, sides unequal, light yellow changing to golden-yellow at maturity, blushed with cinnamon on the sunny side and speckled with brown dots; flesh white, melting, buttery, juicy and full of flavor; first for dessert; Sept. and Oct.

=Holländische Gewürzbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:14. 1856.

Holland, 1849. Fruit medium, ventriculous-turbinate, covered with rough russet; flesh semi-melting, very juicy and aromatic; second for the table, very good for cooking; end of Sept.

=Holländische Zuckerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:33. 1856.

Possibly of Dutch origin but reported in Thuringia, 1799. Fruit small, globular but variable, light yellow, blushed and dotted with yellowish specks becoming greenish at maturity, thin-skinned; flesh breaking, musky, aromatic; third for dessert, first for kitchen; Aug.

=Holmer. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 594. 1884.

A well-known perry pear in Herefordshire, Eng. Fruit very small, globular-turbinate, even and regular in outline, dull greenish-yellow when ripe, and thickly covered with russet dots, so as to form a kind of crust on the surface; flesh yellowish, firm, crisp, and very astringent.

=Homestead. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 2nd App., 150. 1876.

Raised by Asahel Foote, Williamstown, Mass., from seed of White Doyenné. Fruit medium or above, oblong-obtuse-pyriform, greenish-yellow, often pale yellow when fully matured, sometimes a shade of brownish-red where exposed, slightly netted and patched with russet and many russet dots; flesh whitish, rather coarse around the core, semi-fine, melting, sweet, juicy, slightly vinous and aromatic; Nov. and Dec.

=Honey. 1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:216. 1832. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 784. 1869.

_Deux Fois L'An._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:20, fig. 1869.

Although known in this country as Honey, its original European name is _Deux Fois l'An_, or Two Times a Year, on account of its flowering twice in the season, the second crop ripening in September or October. It is of ancient and uncertain origin, but Le Lectier at Orléans possessed it in his immense orchard in 1598, and Merlet described it in 1675. Fruit medium or below, globular-pyriform, rarely very obtuse, generally much swelled in the lower part, diminishing abruptly toward the stem, rather bright greenish-yellow, stained and dotted with gray chiefly on the side exposed to the sun where it is also rayed and washed with carmine; flesh yellowish, coarse, semi-breaking, granular around the core; juice sufficient, sugary and possessing a pleasant, musky flavor; Aug.

=Honey= (Russia). =1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 21. 1887. =2.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:146. 1908.

Introduced from Russia in 1879 under the Russian name _Gliva Medovaya_. Fruit small, globular-pyriform, yellow, blushed red; flesh coarse, juicy, sweet; mid-season.

=Honey Dew. 1.= Stark Bros. _Cat._ 55. 1921.

Originated by Mr. Raabe of Illinois and introduced by Stark Bros. in 1921. Fruit large, roundish, golden-yellow, almost covered with rich russet; flesh tender, crisp, very juicy, sweet; early fall.

=Honigbergamotte. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:78. 1856.

Nassau, 1833. Fruit medium, globular, symmetrical; skin smooth, uniformly greenish-yellow, brownish-red on the side next the sun; flesh semi-melting, aromatic; second for dessert; first for general culinary uses; Sept.

=Honnelbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 38, fig. 1913.

A perry pear grown in Lower Austria. Fruit fairly large, long-pyriform; skin rather smooth and shining, greenish-yellow changing to yellow; flesh whitish, coarse-grained, very juicy, saccharine, rather astringent and feebly aromatic; Oct.

=Hoosic. 1.= _W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 116. 1880. =2.= Ont. Dept. Ag. _Fr. Ont._ 166. 1914.

Raised by A. Foote, Williamstown, Mass., from seed of Hacon Incomparable, and distributed by him about 1870. Fruit large to very large, obtuse-pyriform, somewhat one-sided, yellow, with russet dots and light red blush in the sun; flesh fine, white, tender, moderately juicy, with a rich almond flavor; quality ranking as "best" for all purposes; first class for near market; Oct.

=Hopfenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:190. 1856.

Hesse, Germany, 1801. Fruit small, obtuse-conic; skin smooth, pale yellow, blushed with a dark glow; flesh rosy, fine, acid, juicy; third for the table, first for kitchen; end of Aug.

=Hosenschenk. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =8=:458. 1853. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 784. 1869.

Raised from seed about the year 1803 by John Schenk, Weaver Township, Pa. Fruit medium, roundish-oblate, light yellowish-green, rarely blushed; flesh rather coarse, tender, juicy, melting, slightly vinous, with a mild and pleasant flavor; first; end of Aug.

=Housatonic. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 2nd App., 151. 1876.

Originated in the garden of John J. Howe, Birmingham, Conn. Fruit rather large, globular-pyriform; surface uneven, greenish-yellow, with many green and brown dots; flesh white, semi-fine, juicy, melting, rich, vinous; Nov.

=Houser. 1.= _Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 38. 1896.

A native pear reported to the Missouri State Horticultural Society in 1896.

=Hovey. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:284, figs. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 784. 1869.

Propagated by André Leroy in 1853 and dedicated by him to the American pomologist Hovey. Fruit medium or above, conic-pyriform or turbinate-obtuse-pyriform, variable but always very long; skin fine and very smooth, bright yellow, finely dotted with gray and stained with patches of russet; flesh yellowish-white, semi-fine, melting, watery and slightly granular; juice abundant, sugary, acidulous, and possessing a musky perfume; first; Nov.

=Howard. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 785. 1869.

Disseminated by D. W. Coit, Norwich, Conn. Fruit medium, globular-obovate, pale yellow, with patches of russet and thickly sprinkled with russet dots; flesh white, melting, juicy, sweet, rich, slightly perfumed, pleasant; very good; Sept.

=Howe Winter. 1.= Field _Pear Cult._ 273. 1858.

Said to have originated in Virginia. Fruit large, globular, yellow-russeted; good; late.

=Hubert Grégoire. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 97. 1876.

In the trial orchards of Simon-Louis Bros. at Metz, Lorraine, in 1876. Fruit rather large; first; Jan.

=Huffcap. 1.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 415. 1831. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:209. 1832.

Of several varieties of the Huffcap perry pears such as the Brown, Red, and Yellow, growing in Herefordshire, Eng., this is the best. Fruit middle sized, ovate, pale green marked with gray russet.

=Hüffel Bratbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:3. 1856.

Upper Hesse, Prussia, 1819. A variety of the Volema class. Fruit large, broad-turbinate, with unequal sides, light green turning to yellowish, often faintly blushed, numerous russet spots; flesh aromatic, breaking, juicy; first for household use; Dec. to Apr.

=Huggard. 1.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:147. 1908.

Originated at Whitby, Ontario, Can., from Beurré Clairgeau crossed with Beurré d'Anjou. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, yellow with red blush; flesh sweet, juicy, good; medium late.

=Huguenot. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 394. 1845.

Originated by a Mr. Johonnot of Salem, Mass. Rejected by the American Pomologica. Society, October, 1850. Fruit medium, globular, smooth, pale yellow, sprinkled with large spots of bright red; flesh white, fine-grained, semi-breaking, sweet but wanting in flavor and juice; poor; Oct.

=Huhle de Printemps. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =5=:159, fig. 368. 1880.

This pear was received in France by M. Papeleu from M. Hartwiss, director of the Imperial Gardens at Nikita, Southern Russia, about 1860. Fruit medium, cylindrical-ovate, rather in form like a small cask or keg, even in contour; skin thick, firm, more or less intense green, dotted with brownish-gray specks, very small and numerous and mingled with small strokes of russet over nearly all the surface; flesh yellowish-white, coarse, semi-breaking, rather gritty near the core, sufficiently juicy, with a refreshing and agreeable flavor; cooking; end of winter.

=Hull. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:432. 1843. =2.= _Ibid._ =10=:211. 1844.

The original tree was found in Swansey, Mass., about 1815. Fruit medium, obovate, yellowish-green, russeted, some dull red on the sunny side; flesh yellowish-white, coarse, melting, juicy, gritty at core, pleasantly perfumed; good to very good; Oct.

=Hungerford Oswego. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 786. 1869.

From Oswego, N. Y. Fruit medium, globular, yellow, with brown dots; flesh white, buttery, melting, juicy, gritty, sweet; good; Oct.

=Hunt Connecticut. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =12=:305. 1846. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 575. 1857.

An American cooking pear. Rejected by the American Pomological Society in 1854. Fruit medium, oblate, yellowish-green, coarse, dry, and sweet.

=Huntington. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =23=:111, fig. 4. 1857. =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:155, fig. 76. 1866-73.

A wilding found by James Huntington, New Rochelle, N. Y. In 1857 it was considered to be 20 or 30 years old. Fruit under medium, globular-obovate, yellow, with numerous russet dots and sometimes a red cheek; flesh fine texture, buttery, slightly vinous, with a delicate aroma; very good; Sept.

=Hurbain d'Hiver. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 594. 1884.

Fruit small, Bergamot-shaped, even and handsome in outline, fine golden yellow in the shade, strewed and mottled with patches of thin cinnamon-colored russet, with a patch of russet around the stalk, washed with bright red on the side next the sun; flesh yellowish, melting, rather coarse, juicy, sweet, without much perfume; second; Nov.

=Hussein Armudi. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 594. 1884.

An oriental pear, published in 1832. Fruit below medium, obovate, smooth, bright green at first changing to greenish-yellow, strewed with russety dots of brown and some traces of russet; flesh whitish, gritty at core, tender, melting, very juicy, with a rich, vinous, sweet flavor; first for table; Sept.

=Hutcherson. 1.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:148. 1908.

Reported in the experimental orchard at Agassiz, B. C., in 1900. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyriform, greenish-yellow; flesh melting, juicy, sweet; mid-season.

=Huyshe Prince Consort. 1.= _Jour. Hort._ =12=:89, fig. 1867. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 180. 1920.

Fruited in 1864 by the Rev. John Huyshe of Cullompton, Devon, Eng., from Beurré d'Arenberg fertilized by Passe Colmar. Fruit very large, oblong, uneven and bossed in outline, grass-green becoming sometimes yellowish-green, thickly covered with large russet dots; flesh yellow, with a greenish tinge, melting, rather crisp, very juicy, sweet, vinous, with a very powerful and peculiar flavor unlike any other pear; a first quality, delicious fruit; Nov.

=Huyshe Prince of Wales. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 51. 1864. =2.= _Jour. Hort._ =1=:392, fig. 72. 1880.

_Huyshe Bergamot._ =3.= _Gard. Chron._ =4=:836, fig. 1. 1857. =4.= _Mag. Hort._ =24=:276. 1858.

Of the same origin as Huyshe Victoria. First fruited in 1856 and named _Huyshe Bergamot_ but later changed to Huyshe Prince of Wales. Fruit large, globular-oval, even in outline, lemon-yellow covered with a finely reticulated cinnamon-colored russet; flesh yellowish-white, tender, melting, juicy and richly flavored; first; end of Nov. to Jan.

=Huyshe Princess of Wales. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 8. 1863. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 180. 1920.

This pear, first fruited in 1863, is of the same origin as Huyshe Victoria. Fruit medium, oblong, even in outline, abrupt at the stalk, lemon-yellow sprinkled with patches, veins and dots of pale cinnamon-russet; flesh of a deep yellow, fine, very melting, abundantly juicy, richly flavored and highly aromatic; very excellent; Nov.

=Huyshe Victoria. 1.= _Jour. Hort._ =4=:76. 1863. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 181. 1920.

_Victoria._ =3.= _Gard. Chron._ 836, fig. 2. 1857.

_Victoria d'Huyse._ =4.= _Pom. Gen._ =7=:33, fig. 497. 1881.