Chapter V: Minor Varieties of Pears (13)

Württemberg, Ger., 1830. Classed among the Pound pears or Libralia. Fruit large, globular-turbinate, dull green changing to yellowish-green, blushed, both ends covered with russet, rusty dots; third for table, first for kitchen; Nov. and Dec.

=Mansfield. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 811. 1869.

A native variety of uncertain origin. Fruit medium, globular-oblate, yellowish-green, with considerable russet and many green and brown dots; flesh whitish, coarse, buttery, melting, sweet, a little astringent; good; Sept.

=Mansuette. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:220, Pl. LVIII, fig. 1. 1768. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 611. 1884.

_Solitaire._ =3.= Christ _Handb._ 534. 1817.

Origin unknown. Fruit large, long-obovate, irregular, obtuse, pale green, spotted with brown and much covered with the same color on the shaded side, and tinged with red on the side exposed to the sun; flesh white, semi-melting, moderately fine, inclined to grow soft, juicy, pleasantly acid and well flavored; a dessert pear; Sept. and Oct.

=Mansuette Double. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:388, fig. 1869.

This French cooking pear was first described in 1805. Fruit sometimes considerable, rather variable in form, often conic, obtuse, very swelled in the lower part and slightly bossed, sometimes very long ovate having one side near the base larger than the other, dark yellow, much covered with cinnamon-russet and large dots of ashy gray; flesh greenish-white, coarse, juicy, semi-breaking or breaking, very gritty at the core; juice abundant, deficient in sugar, wanting in perfume, often too acid; second; Oct. to Dec.

=Marasquine. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:123, fig. 1866-73. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 99. 1876.

Raised by Major Espéren, Mechlin, Bel. Fruit medium, regular-pyriform, tender green, sprinkled with grayish dots, golden at maturity; flesh very white, fine, buttery, melting, slightly gritty at the center; juice sufficient, having a characteristic perfume; end of Aug.

=March Bergamot. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 811. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 611. 1884.

Raised by T. A. Knight, President of the Horticultural Society of London. Fruit small or medium, globular, green or yellowish-brown, partially covered with russet; flesh yellowish-white, buttery, slightly gritty at the core, but very rich; in Europe it is a dessert pear of high merit; in this country, however, it seems to be of small worth; Mar. and will keep later.

=Maréchal de Cour. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:390, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 612. 1884.

A seedling of Van Mons of which he sent grafts to Alexandre Bivort, five months before his death, in April, 1842. Fruit large, sometimes very large, oblong-pyriform or obtuse-turbinate, one side always smaller than the other, thickly encrusted with russet so that but little of the yellow ground is visible; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, gritty at center, extremely juicy, sugary, vinous, perfumed; first; Sept. to Nov.

=Maréchal Dillen. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:391, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 612. 1884.

Raised by Van Mons in 1818 and was published by him in 1820. Fruit very large, obtuse-obovate, yellowish-green, mottled with patches and dots of brown-russet; flesh white, fine, melting, juicy, very saccharine, having a very agreeable flavor of vinegar and musk; first, an excellent dessert pear; Oct. and Nov.

=Maréchal Pelissier. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 523. 1857. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:393. 1869.

This pear was raised by M. Flon, Senior, the well-known horticulturist, of Angevin, Fr., in 1845. Fruit medium, ovate, yellow, blushed with red on the side next the sun; flesh tender, juicy; Sept. and Oct.

=Maréchal Vaillant. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:393, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 612. 1884.

A seedling of M. Boisbunel of Rouen, Fr., gained in 1864. Fruit very large, obovate, uneven in outline, yellowish-green, mottled and dotted with russet; flesh whitish, rather fine, semi-melting; juice sufficient, sugary, vinous, richly flavored and musky; an excellent pear; mid-Dec. to end of Jan.

=Margarethenbirne. 1.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 119. 1825. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:30. 1856.

German. Reported in 1789. Fruit small, turbinate, greenish-yellow and heavily dotted with green, seldom blushed; flesh semi-breaking, juicy and aromatic; third for dessert, first for kitchen and market; mid-July.

=Marguerite d'Anjou. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:394, fig. 1869.

M. Flon, Angers, obtained this from a seedling in 1863. Fruit above medium, irregular-ovate, and bossed, more enlarged on one side than on the other and often slightly contorted, clear yellow, slightly tinted with pale rose on the side next the sun; flesh white, fine, dense, melting, watery, free from grit; juice abundant, highly saccharine, acidulous, possesses a delicious flavor recalling the perfume of the violet; first; Oct.

=Marguerite Chevalier. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 99. 1876.

Fruit medium, nearly spherical, almost entirely covered with fawn-russet; flesh fine, melting, juicy, sprightly; good; end of autumn.

=Marguerite Marillat. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 45. 1895. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 186. 1920.

Similar to Souvenir du Congrès but of brighter golden hue, obtained by M. Marillat, Craponne, near Lyons, Fr., 1874. Fruit large, pyriform-turbinate, pale yellow touched with fawn-russet, blushed with red on the side next the sun, sometimes a rich golden yellow at maturity; flesh yellowish-white, semi-fine, very juicy, saccharine, acidulous, aromatic, slightly musky, very rich; second; early Sept.

=Maria. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1895.

Sent out by M. Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel. Fruit rather large, oblong-ovate; flesh yellowish, very agreeable; Feb. and Mar.

=Maria de Nantes. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =2=:39, fig. 1854. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 812. 1869.

Raised by M. Garnier near Nantes, Fr., and reported in 1853. Fruit nearly medium, globular-turbinate or oval-turbinate, greenish-yellow covered with fawn-russet; flesh fine, buttery, melting; juice saccharine, highly perfumed, and acidulous; first; Oct. to Dec.

=Maria Stuart. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:69. 1856.

Belgian, 1851. A Van Mons seedling. Fruit large, conic, bent, with unequal sides, lemon-yellow, covered densely with gray dots, lightly russeted; very good for all purposes; Oct.

=Marianne de Nancy. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:396, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 812. 1869.

A seedling of Van Mons who sent cuttings of it a few days before his death to M. Millot, a pomologist at Nancy, Fr. Fruit medium, obtuse-turbinate, very regular and even in contour, grass-green, stained with brown-russet; flesh whitish, fine, melting or semi-melting; juice abundant, very sugary, acidulous; second, though sometimes first when its flesh is very melting and its juice full of flavor; mid-Aug.

=Marie Benoist. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:397, fig. 1869. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 187. 1920.

Obtained from seed by Auguste Benoist, Brissac, Maine-et-Loire, Fr., in 1853. Fruit large, turbinate, very irregular, obtuse and mammillate at the summit, globular at the base and generally much more enlarged on one side than on the other, clear green, dotted and veined with russet, stained with fawn especially around the calyx and stem; flesh white, fine, melting, a little gritty; juice abundant, saccharine, vinous, delicately perfumed; first; Dec. to Feb.

=Marie Guisse. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:398, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 613. 1884.

Grown from seed of St. Germain in 1834, near Metz, Lorraine. Fruit medium, obovate-oblong-pyriform, surface uneven, yellow, with shades of red in the sun, and large, dull dark specks; flesh yellowish-white, granular, melting, sweet, vinous; Dec. to Feb.

=Marie Henriette. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1895.

Sent out by Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel. Fruit small or medium, globular; flesh granular, very juicy and sugary; first; Oct.

=Marie Jallais. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 100. 1876.

Obtained by Jules Buneau, 1868. Fruit medium, form variable; flesh melting, juicy, very sugary and perfumed, of a sprightly flavor; first; Oct. to Dec.

=Marie Louise Nova. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 400. 1845. =2.= _Ibid._ 813. 1869.

Sent by Van Mons to Mr. Manning, and though in some seasons very good, it cannot compare with Marie Louise. Fruit medium, regular-acute-pyriform, yellow, with a brownish-red cheek; flesh at first melting, juicy, but quickly decays; good; end of Sept.

=Marie Louise d'Uncle. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 1060, 1179. 1865. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 187. 1920.

Marie Louise d'Uncle is a seedling of Marie Louise raised by M. Gambier, a neighbor and contemporary of Van Mons. It produced its first fruits in 1846. Fruit rather large, pyriform, pale cinnamon-colored russet, rather similar to Marie Louise; flesh very fine, very melting, buttery, saccharine, very juicy and richly flavored; good to very good; Sept. and Oct.

=Marie Mottin. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1895.

On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis at Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Fruit large; flesh melting; first; Oct.

=Marie Parent. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:401, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 814. 1869.

Raised by Bivort, director of the nurseries of the Society Van Mons at Geest-Saint-Rémy, Bel., from a seed bed formed in 1844 from seeds of the last generation of Van Mons' seedlings. Fruit above medium, oblong, more or less cylindrical and bossed, or turbinate, very much swelled at the base and bossed at either extremity; skin fine ochre or golden yellow, dotted and stained with russet, washed with brick-red on the cheek next the sun; flesh white, fine, melting or semi-melting, containing numerous small grits around the core, juicy, sugary, vinous, perfumed; first; Oct., often till Dec.

=Marietta. 1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =332=:484. 1913.

An oriental hybrid. Tree is said to be inclined to grow tall, with a single main stem. Fruit light yellow, with red blush; Oct.

=Mariette de Millepieds. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:403, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 614. 1884.

A very late pear which came from the seed beds of Maurice Goubalt, a nurseryman in the suburbs of Angers, Fr., fruiting after his death, in 1854. Fruit large, ovate, irregular and bossed or turbinate, slightly obtuse, one side larger than the other, rough to the touch, rather thick, yellowish-green, washed with dark russet on the cheek next the sun; flesh white, very fine, melting, juicy and scented, refreshing, sugary, acidulous, having an exquisite flavor; first; Mar. often till May.

=Markbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:103. 1856.

Mid-Germany, 1797. Fruit fairly large, ventriculous, faint light green turning to pale green, often blushed and dotted with greenish-gray specks and marked with russet; flesh white, fairly soft, buttery, melting, full of flavor; very good for the table and good for culinary purposes; Dec. and Jan.

=Marksbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:162. 1856.

Thuringia, Ger., 1799. Fruit small, globular, flattened, greenish-yellow, speckled with yellowish-gray and greenish dots; flesh firm, breaking, juicy and acidulous; first for household; Sept.

=Marmion. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 814. 1869. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3=:29, fig. 111. 1878.

According to the Bulletin of the Société Van Mons this was either obtained or propagated by M. Bivort in Belgium. Fruit nearly medium, turbinate, dull water-green, sprinkled with numerous and rather large brown spots, the basic green passing at maturity to lemon-yellow and warmly golden on the side of the sun; flesh white, rather fine, breaking, fairly juicy, saccharine and sprightly; dessert; Sept.

=Marquise. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:221, Pl. XLIX. 1768. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 614. 1884.

Of French origin. Merlet described it in 1675 in his _Abrégé des bons fruits_. Fruit above medium, turbinate, globular in the lower part, conic and slightly obtuse in the upper, bright green changing to yellowish, with a brownish tinge on the side next the sun, thickly covered with dots, which are green on the shaded side and brown or gray on the other; flesh white, semi-fine, breaking, full of sugary juice, slightly acid and musky, and very delicate; a good dessert pear; Nov. and Dec.

=Marquise de Bedman. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 814. 1869.

Foreign. Fruit medium or below, roundish-pyriform, pale greenish-yellow, with a few traces and patches of russet and many green and brown dots; flesh white, sweet, rather firm; good; Sept.

=Marsaneix. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:406, fig. 1869.

A cooking pear of no particular merit which originated at the market town of Marsaneix, Department of Dordogne, Fr., and was cultivated on the farms of that country in the middle of the eighteenth century. Fruit small, globular, regular in form; skin rough, entirely russeted, dotted with yellowish-gray; flesh whitish, semi-fine, breaking, scented, gritty; juice abundant but deficient in sugar, insipid; second and for cooking only; Jan. and Feb.

=Marshall. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App. 179. 1881.

Said to have originated on the farm of William Marshall, Cambridge, N. Y., some years previous to 1881. Fruit medium, globular, inclining to obtuse-pyriform, yellow, netted and patched with russet over nearly the whole surface and thickly sprinkled with russet dots; flesh white, semi-fine, juicy, semi-melting, slightly vinous and slightly aromatic; very good; end of Sept.

=Marshall Wilder. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:407, fig. 1869. =2.= _Horticulturist_ =27=:150. 1872.

Originated in the nurseries of M. Leroy at Angers, Fr., in 1866. Fruit large, long-conic, very irregular, somewhat like Calebasse in form, more or less bossed; skin rough, clear green slightly yellowish, dotted with gray-russet, marbled with brown and scaly; flesh yellowish-white, fine or semi-fine, juicy, very melting, sugary, deliciously perfumed and refreshing; first; Oct. and Nov.

=Martha Ann. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =16=:547. 1850.

A seedling raised by Francis Dana, Roxbury, Mass. Fruit medium or below, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, yellowish-green, with patches and dots of russet; flesh coarse, juicy, astringent; poor; Oct.

=Martin. 1.= _Kans. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 171. 1886.

Originated in Cowley, Kans., and reported as a new fruit and a good substitute for the Vicar of Winkfield. Fruit medium to large, oblate-pyriform, irregular, greenish changing to yellowish-white, smooth; flesh firm, fine grained, buttery, juicy; fair; Jan.

=Martin-Sec. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:408, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 615. 1884.

_Trockener Martin._ =3.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 216, fig. 1913.

Hogg tells us that this and the Martin Sire are among the earliest varieties known to have been grown in England, for they are mentioned among the fruits delivered into the Treasury by the fruiterer of Edward I in 1292. In 1530 Charles Estienne of Paris wrote of it as being cultivated in France and affirmed the Pears of Saint Martin were so named because their time of ripening coincided with the Festival of that Saint. Again, in 1675 Merlet in his _Abrégé des bons fruits_ spoke of the Martin-Sec of Provins or of Champagne. Fruit medium or above, long-pyriform-obtuse, regular in form, yellowish and russeted, dotted with gray points and extensively washed with carmine on the face exposed to the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, very breaking, rather dry, but sweet and perfumed, very gritty when grafted on quince; third; mid-Nov. to Feb.

=Martin-Sire. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:145, Pl. XIX, fig. 5. 1768. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:410, fig. 1869. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 615. 1884.

This pear, sometimes known as _Lord Martin Pear_, was grown in England in the thirteenth century. By Claude Saint-Étienne in 1628 it was mentioned under two of its most ancient names, Martin-Sire and _Ronville_. In the eighteenth century Mayer in the _Pomona franconica_ said the name Martin-Sire which was the most generally recognized of its many names originated from a former Lord of Ronville whose name was Martin. Fruit medium, pyriform, obtuse and very regular; skin fine, smooth and shining, bright green changing to a fine deep yellow, dotted and marked with fawn, carmined on the side next the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, breaking, fairly juicy, sweet, perfumed and often with an after-taste of musk; more fit for stewing than dessert; Dec. to Feb.

=Marulis. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:388. 1843. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 397. 1854.

Foreign. Fruit small, globular, greenish-yellow; poor; Sept.

=Mary (Case). 1.= Downing. _Fr. Trees Am._ 815. 1869

Originated in the grounds of William Case, Cleveland, Ohio. Fruit small to medium, globular-pyriform, greenish-yellow, slight blush in the sun and many minute brown dots; flesh white, juicy, almost buttery, sweet and acid; very good; last of July.

=Mary= (Van Mons). =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:411, fig. 1869.

A seedling obtained by Van Mons, which gave its first fruit at Brussels about the year 1818. Fruit medium and often above medium, ovate, obtuse, rather regular but generally a little depressed on one side at the calyx, yellow-ochre stained with fawn-brown around the stem and sprinkled with light marblings and large dots of green and russet, very numerous around the base; flesh whitish, very fine, melting; juice very abundant, sugary, with a vinegary flavor both delicate and refreshing; first; mid-Oct.

=Mascon Colmar. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:106. 1856.

Originated from seed at Nassau, Ger., 1825. Fruit medium, obtuse-conic, distorted in form, light green turning yellowish-green at maturity, free from any red blush, but much russeted and dotted; flesh white, buttery, melting, juicy, full of flavor; good for dessert and culinary purposes; Feb.

=Masselbacher Mostbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:193. 1856.

A perry pear. Württemberg, Ger., 1847. Fruit small, almost a sphere, green turning to yellow, much covered with russet; flesh firm, granular, acidulous; very good for perry and good for household use; end of Sept. and early Oct.

=Masuret. 1.= Baltet _Cult. Fr._ 374. 1908.

One of the best French perry pears suitable for commercial and amateur growers; good for the production of sparkling perry; juice clear and very full of perfume; end of Nov.

=Mather. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 82. 1856. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 815. 1869.

The Mather pear originated with John Mather, Jenkintown, Pa., from seed planted by him about 1810. Fruit below medium, obovate, yellow, with occasionally a red mottled cheek and russeted at the insertion of the stem; flesh rather coarse, buttery, of delicate flavor and agreeable; good; Aug.

=Mathilde. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:55. 1856.

A Van Mons seedling, 1852. Fruit medium, ovate, greenish changing to greenish-yellow, blushed, and speckled with gray dots; flesh semi-melting, granular, sweet, vinous; second for dessert, first for kitchen and market purposes; end of Aug. for 14 days.

=Mathilde Gomand. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 100. 1876.

Published by Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit medium; skin russeted; flesh melting; first; Jan.

=Mathilde Recq. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1895.

On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis, at Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Tree vigorous and fertile. Fruit, flesh fine, very saccharine and highly perfumed; Nov.

=Mathilde de Rochefort. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1895.

On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis at Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Tree vigorous, forming good pyramids. Fruit small, ovate, covered with russet; flesh fine, melting, very juicy and sugary; Dec.

=Matou. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:414, fig. 1869.

A variety, known also as _Chat-Grillé_ and _Chat-Rôti_ in France and which must not be confounded with the _Chat-Brûlé_, already described, which ripens in December. Its origin is unknown. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyriform and enlarged around central circumference, golden-yellow, dotted and marbled with gray-russet, washed with carmine on the face exposed to the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, breaking, watery, very granular at the center; juice rather abundant, rarely very saccharine, astringent, almost devoid of perfume; third; mid-Aug.

=Matthews. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 82. 1903. =2.= _Hopedale Nurs. Cat._ 17. 1913.

Brought from New Jersey about 1835 by a Mr. Chiever and planted at Delavan, Ill. Tree long-lived, a late bearer. Fruit medium to large, apple-shaped, green turning yellow, sweet, juicy; Oct. to Feb.

=Maud Hogg. 1.= _Jour. Hort._ =20=:30. 1871. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 615. 1884.

Raised by John Mannington, Uckfield, in the Weald of Sussex, Eng.; bore fruit in 1871 for the first time. Fruit above medium, oblong-obovate; skin entirely covered with a crust of warm brown-russet like that of the Beurré Gris, and has a slight orange glow on the side exposed to the sun, very much like the Chaumontel, no yellow or ground color visible; flesh yellowish-white, tender and buttery, very juicy, sweet, richly flavored; a dessert pear of the first quality; Oct. to Dec.

=Maude. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 100. 1876.

A French perry pear abundantly cultivated in the Haute-Savoie, Fr. Fruit medium, globular, grayish-green washed with red; flesh coarse, remarkably juicy.

=Maurice Desportes. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:415, fig. 1869.

This came from the seed beds of M. André Leroy, Angers, Fr., and first fruited in 1863. Fruit medium, oblong-conic, yellow, dotted with gray, blushed on the sunny side; stem long, rather stout, continuous with the fruit; calyx small, open, in a large cavity; flesh white, rather fine and rather melting, slightly granular, juicy, sweet; first; Sept.

=Mausebirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:138. 1856.

Hanover, Ger., 1852. Fruit medium to large, variable in form, distorted, bossed; skin fine, greenish turning to yellow when ripe, almost entirely covered with cinnamon-russet, sprinkled with green spots; flesh yellowish-white, sweet and scented with rose; first for the table and kitchen use; Oct.

=Mayflower. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 44. 1866.

A seedling raised by Dr. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass., which fruited first in 1863. Fruit "short diameter 2-1/2 inches, long diameter 3 inches; flesh rather dry and firm; skin yellow, with red cheek; keeps soundly without extra care until May. A most prolific bearer. Short pyriform."

=Maynard. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 52. 1857. =2.= _Ibid._ 815. 1869.

Origin unknown but thought to have been first grown in Lancaster County, Pa. Fruit medium, obovate-pyriform, yellow with russet dots and a crimson cheek; flesh white, juicy and sugary; moderately good; end of July.

=Mayr frühzeitige Butterbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:113. 1856.

Reported at Gratz, Styria, Austria, 1833. Fruit medium, turbinate-pyriform, uniformly light yellow, slightly russeted on the side next the sun, often with no russet; flesh white, soft, melting, full of flavor, keeps well; first for dessert, good for culinary use and market; Sept. and Oct.

=Max. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 73. 1895.

A seedling of Flemish Beauty grown in Ohio. Fruit medium, globular-pyriform, yellow brightly blushed, flavor vinous, subacid; good; Sept. in Ohio.

=Mecham. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 195. 1867.

A seedling pear reported from St. George, Utah, in 1867. Fruit very large, bright green, ripens in Oct.

=Medaille d'Été. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 100. 1876.

On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis of Metz, Lorraine, in 1876. Fruit large, ovate-pyramidal, lemon-yellow; flesh semi-breaking, very juicy, highly perfumed; Aug.

=Medofka. 1.= _Can. Hort._ =17=:292. 1894.

Russian. Fruit very small, conical, clear yellow; flesh very melting, agreeable.

=Meissner Grossvatersbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:34. 1856.

Reported to be of Saxon origin, 1833. Fruit small, turbinate, almost entirely covered with light brown-russet, and sprinkled with round red spots; flesh juicy, semi-melting, having a strong aroma of cinnamon.

=Meissner Hirschbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:7. 1856.

Saxony, 1803. Fruit medium, conic, bossed, pale light green changing at maturity to light lemon-yellow, often washed extensively with dark blood-red, numerous reddish dots, scentless; flesh breaking, juicy, aromatic; first for household and market; Aug.

=Meissner langstielige Feigenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:167. 1856.

Saxony, 1805. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyriform, ventriculous and flat, crooked, somewhat uneven, light green changing to yellowish-green, often blushed with dark red, without dots, marked with russet; flesh yellowish-green white, coarse-grained, sweet, firm, breaking; third for dessert, first for kitchen; Oct.

=Meissner Liebchensbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:167. 1856.

German, chiefly found in Saxony. Fruit small, globular-ventriculous-conic; skin shining, lemon-yellow, becoming highly polished, strongly dotted with round red spots, often marked with fine russet on the side next the sun; flesh yellowish-white, coarse-grained, firm, breaking, wanting in juice; third for the table, first for kitchen and market.

=Meissner Zwiebelbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:34. 1856.

Saxony, 1833. Fruit small, globular, light yellow, speckled with numerous fine russety spots; flesh often melting, with musky aroma, fine-grained; first for table and very good for culinary purposes; end of Aug. for three weeks.

=Mélanie Michelin. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =6=:55, fig. 412. 1880.

Gained by M. Boisbunel, Junior, Rouen, Fr. Fruit medium, ovate-pyriform, even in contour; skin rather thick, whitish-green, sprinkled with fairly numerous and rather large green spots, scarcely visible and often absent altogether; when ripe the basic green takes a more yellow tone on the side of the sun, and in the case of well-exposed fruits is blushed with a very light rosy red; flesh whitish, slightly tinted with green, tender, a little soft, melting, full of sweet juice and delicately perfumed; good; mid-July.

=Mellish. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 815. 1869.

Fruit below medium, globular-pyriform, pale yellow, netted, patched and dotted with russet; flesh whitish, juicy, melting, sweet, pleasant; good to very good; Oct.

=Melon. 1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =1=:77, Tab. 1. 1771. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:417, fig. 1869.

Of Dutch origin; first described in the Pomology of Knoop in 1766. Fruit medium, typically pyriform, slightly obtuse, regular in outline, sometimes a little uneven and crooked, greenish-yellow when ripe and more or less marked with black, or dark brown, stains, of poor appearance; flesh delicate and gritty, rather succulent and savory but having no particular flavor, not sprightly nor does it justify its name; Aug. and Sept.

=Melon de Hellmann. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =5=:83, fig. 330. 1880.

Grown by M. Hellmann, Meiningen, Ger. Fruit large, spherical, even in outline, intense green passing to decided yellow when ripe and warmly golden on the side of the sun, numerous dark green spots; flesh white, coarse, semi-breaking; juice sugary, perfumed and agreeable; second, good for cooking; Sept.

=Ménagère Sucrée de Van Mons. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3=:127, fig. 160. 1878.

A seedling of Van Mons who distributed it without name. Fruit medium, conic-turbinate; skin thick, at first very clear green sprinkled with gray dots, numerous, very small but clearly visible; towards maturity the green changes to brilliant lemon-yellow and warmly golden on the side next the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, semi-buttery and distinctly perfumed with clove; Oct.

=Mendenhall. 1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 88. 1900.

Mentioned as one of the "newer" varieties of pears, having given its first ripe specimens on July 5th, 1900. Fruit small, pyriform, yellow, much better in quality than Early Harvest.

=Meresia Nevill. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 616. 1884.

A seedling of John Mannington, Uckfield, Sussex, Eng.; first fruited in 1872. Fruit below medium, roundish-obovate or oval, even and regular in outline, entirely covered with thick, dark-brown russet; flesh semi-melting, crisp, juicy, sweet, with a rich vinous flavor; an excellent dessert pear; Dec. and Jan.

=Merlet 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:418, fig. 1869.

Merlet came from the nurseries of M. Boisbunel, Rouen, Fr.; it fruited first in 1861. Fruit medium, turbinate, slightly obtuse and bossed; skin smooth, fine and shining, yellowish-green, delicately dotted with gray; flesh greenish-white, semi-fine, melting, watery, granular around the core; juice abundant and saccharine, refreshing and having a highly delicate flavor; first; Aug.

=Merriam. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 524. 1857. =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 284. 1867.

Originated at Roxbury, Mass.; popular in Boston in 1867. Fruit large, globular, somewhat flattened at base and crown, smooth, rich yellow, covered with pale russet around the stem and calyx, and netted with russet all over; flesh yellowish, rather coarse, melting, juicy, sugary, perfumed, very good; Sept. and Oct.

=Méruault. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:184, fig. 576. 1881.

Obtained by M. Pariset from a seed bed of the Easter Beurré made in 1856. Fruit medium, ovate, shortened and thick, water-green sown with dots of fawn-brown, more often almost wholly covered with russet of fawn color; on ripening the basic green changes to an intense lemon-yellow, the russet clears, and the side next the sun becomes golden; flesh whitish, fine, buttery, melting, without grit; juice abundant, rich in sugar, delicately perfumed with musk; first; throughout winter.

=Merveille de Moringen. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 100. 1876.

Originated in the environs of Moringen, Ger., where it is very well thought of. Tree large, very fertile, resisted the phenomenal frost of 1879-1880 in Europe. Fruit small, turbinate, a beautiful lemon-yellow; flesh breaking; for cooking; Oct.

=Messire Jean. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:173, Pl. XXVI. 1768. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 616. 1884.

Of ancient and untraceable origin, but mentioned by Venette, Rochelle, Fr., in 1678 and 1683. Fruit medium, turbinate, sometimes slightly obovate, surface slightly bossed; skin rough, thick, dark green, passing to buff, washed with dark red on the side of the sun, strewed with speckles of darker russet; flesh white, slightly tinged with lemon, rather fine, breaking, juicy, richly saccharine, perfumed, sprightly; good, either for dessert or kitchen use; Nov. and Dec.

=Messire Jean Goubault. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:422, fig. 1869.

This variety dates from 1847 and came from a seed bed of M. Goubault, Angers, Fr. Fruit large or medium, turbinate, more or less globular, often irregular, bossed and much larger on one side than on the other; skin fine and wrinkled and entirely reddened and dotted with large grayish spots; flesh whitish, coarse, semi-melting, always doughy and containing some grit around the core; juice rather scanty, sugary, tart, slightly perfumed and very agreeable; second; Nov.

=Michaelmas Nelis. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ N. S. =30=:272, fig. 82. 1901. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 188. 1920.

A seedling from Winter Nelis, which Messrs. Bunyard, nurserymen, Maidstone, Eng., found by chance in a cottage garden, and sent out in 1901. It was given an award of merit at a meeting of the Fruit Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society in October, 1902. Fruit medium, pyriform, very shapely, light greenish skin, somewhat russety; flesh white, melting, very little grit, juicy and of delicious flavor; end of Sept.

=Michaux. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =6=:45. 1840. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 239. 1854.

Origin not clear but R. Manning, Salem, Mass., stated that he had received it from a town in Alsace, Fr. Fruit medium, nearly globular-pyriform, light yellowish-green changing to yellow, with a slight blush of red; flesh white, coarse, semi-buttery, juicy, sweet; second; Sept. and Oct.

=Mignonne d'Été. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 111. 1876.

Obtained by M. Boisbunel, Rouen, Fr., and placed in commerce in 1874. Fruit medium to large, like Calebasse in form; skin glossy and yellow, finely dotted and streaked with gray-russet; flesh fine and melting; Aug.

=Mignonne d'Hiver. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 816. 1869.

An old Belgian variety. Fruit medium, obovate to oblong-ovate-pyriform, light yellow, mostly covered with thick, rough russet, and veined with crimson and fawn; flesh yellowish, rather granular, juicy, melting, sweet, vinous, aromatic; good; Nov. and Dec.

=Mikado. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 115. 1876. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =332=:449, 484. 1913.

Among the most successful importers of oriental plants was Freiherr V. Siebold who maintained a nursery and botanic garden in Leyden, Holland, during the first half of the nineteenth century. Of the pears imported by him, Mikado was one. This was procured from Von Siebold's nursery in 1873 by Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine. Fruit rather large, globular-ovoid; skin rough to the touch, yellowish-olive, dotted with gray specks; flesh white, fine, breaking, rather juicy, perfumed, with a pronounced quince flavor, subacid; poor, uneatable raw; end of Sept.

=Milan d'Hiver. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:424, fig. 1869.

A very old pear described in 1675 by Merlet, the French pomologist. Fruit large, globular-turbinate, usually mammillate at the summit and very regular; skin thick and rough to the touch, gray-russet, sprinkled around the stalk with large whitish-gray dots; flesh yellowish, fine, semi-melting, granular at the core; juice rarely plentiful, only slightly saccharine, acidulous, feebly aromatic; third; Nov. to Jan.

=Milan de Rouen. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:425, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 617. 1884.

Gained by M. Boisbunel, Rouen, Fr.; distributed in 1859. Fruit medium, globular, a little conic toward the summit, slightly bossed and one side less swelled than the other; skin thick, dull yellow, dotted and streaked with fawn, much stained with gray around the stem; flesh yellowish, semi-fine, and semi-melting, juicy, rather granular at the core, sugary; juice aromatic, often spoiled by an unpleasant acerbity; second; end of Aug.

=Miller. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:426, fig. 1869.

Raised from seed by André Leroy; first reported in 1864. Fruit medium and sometimes larger; in form it passes from rounded conic to globular, slightly flattened especially at the base; skin rough to touch, bronzed all over, dotted with russet, and dotted and mottled with greenish-yellow; flesh white, fine, melting, a little granular at the core, juicy, sugary, sourish, with a delicious aroma; first; Oct.

=Millot de Nancy. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:427, fig. 1867.

Produced in the nurseries of Van Mons at Louvain; first reported in 1843. Fruit medium, ovate, very obtuse, more or less regular and bossed, often rather globular, yellow-ochre dotted with gray-russet, mottled with olive-brown, sometimes washed with clear fawn on the cheek exposed to the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, melting or semi-melting, gritty at the center; juice rarely abundant, but very saccharine, aromatic and full of flavor, sometimes a little too acid; second; Oct.

=Milner. 1.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:181. 1908.

Cataloged by Silas Wharton in 1824 under the name of _Milner's Favorite_. Fruit small, pyriform; good.

=Mima Wilder. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 152. 1874. =2.= _Ibid._ 120. 1875.

A seedling of Colonel Wilder, in a collection of new pears shown by him in 1874. In November of the following year it was found to have retained its previous good quality.

=Ministre Bara. 1.= _Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 49. 1892. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 96. 1895.

A gain of Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. It was exhibited by P. J. Berckmans of Augusta, Georgia, before the Georgia State Horticultural Society in 1892 and 1893.

=Ministre Pirmez. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 111. 1876.

Published by Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit medium to large; flesh melting; first; Jan. and Feb.

=Ministre Viger. 1.= _Rev. Hort._ 113. 1901.

Raised by Messrs. Baltet of Troyes, Fr., from seed of the Pierre Tourasse. It was much noticed at the International Exhibition at Paris in 1900. Fruit large, turbinate, bossed, tender yellow clouded with ochre, washed with rosy gray and salmon on the side next the sun, with speckles of fawn; flesh fine, melting, very juicy, saccharine, with perfume noticeable on the skin, and flavor recalling that of the Duchesse d'Angoulême; mid-Dec. to mid-Jan.

=Minot Jean Marie. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 100. 1876.

A seedling of Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit large, pyriform, shortened, covered with russet on a yellow foundation; flesh yellowish, breaking, very juicy, sugary; first; Dec. to Feb.

=Missile d'Hiver. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 169. 1841.

A foreign variety recommended by M. Dalbret and M. Jamin, well known pomologists. Fruit large, buttery, valuable according to M. Jamin; Nov. and Dec.

=Mission. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 73. 1895.

Originated at the old mission near Capistrano, California. Fruit medium, acutely pyriform, long, yellow, nearly covered with russet; flesh very fine and buttery; very mild or sweet; ripe in Sept. in southern California.

=Mr. Hill's Pear. 1.= Langley _Pomona_ 132, Pl. LXIII, figs. 2, 4. 1729.

Mentioned by Batty Langley, Twickenham, Eng., as bearing two crops in the year. Fruit rather small, obtuse-pyriform, usually distorted at the upper end, grows in clusters; in 1727 the first crop matured on Aug. 24, and the second crop on Oct. 1.

=Mitchell Russet. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 525. 1857. =2.= _Ibid._ 817. 1869.

Originated at Belleville, Ill. Fruit medium or small, obovate inclining to conic; skin rough, dark russet, thickly covered with gray dots; flesh juicy, melting, rich and highly perfumed, astringent; scarcely good; Oct.

=Mitschurin. 1.= _Can. Hort._ =17=:292. 1894.

Probably Russian. Fruit very large; a good kitchen fruit; mid-season.

=Moccas. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 717. 1841. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 617. 1884.

Raised from seed by Thomas Andrew Knight, Downton Castle, Eng. Fruit medium, oval, uneven, and bossed in outline, lemon-colored, marked with patches and veins of thin pale brown-russet and strewed with russet dots; flesh yellowish, fine, melting, tender, full of rich vinous juice, musky in flavor; a delicious dessert pear.

=Mollet Guernsey Beurré. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 36, 85. 1842.

Raised from seed by Charles Mollet of Guernsey, Channel Islands, who died in 1819. Fruit medium, obovate or somewhat pyramidal, with a remarkable fleshy extension of about 1/2 inch at the insertion of the stalk, surface of the pear uneven, yellow, but much obscured with ferruginous russet, sometimes equally scattered, but often disposed in broad, longitudinal stripes; flesh yellowish, very melting, buttery, with a rich Chaumontel flavor though distinct; Dec.

=Monarch. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 312. 1866. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 188. 1920.

_Knight Monarch._ =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 796. 1869.

Raised by Thomas Andrew Knight, Downton Castle, Eng., in 1830. Bunyard says: "Tree easily recognized in winter by its very large oval buds, which stand out like those of a red currant." Fruit medium, globular, yellowish-green, much covered with brown-russet and strewed with gray-russet specks; flesh yellowish, buttery, melting and very juicy, with a rich, vinous, sugary, and agreeably-perfumed flavor; first, one of the most valuable; Dec. and Jan.

=Monchallard. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:429, fig. 1869. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 189. 1920.

Found about 1810 by M. Monchallard at Valeuil, Dordogne, Fr. Fruit above medium to large, long-obovate, very obtuse; skin delicate, yellow, clear and dull, speckled uniformly with greenish dots and often washed with dark red on the cheek next the sun; flesh very white, fine or semi-fine, extremely melting, juicy, saccharine, acidulous, slightly aromatic and of delicious flavor; first; end of Aug. and Sept.

=Mongolian. 1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 215. 1896. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =332=:482. 1913.

Considered by Budd of Iowa to be the best of the oriental varieties yet tested in this country. Obtained from seed at Ames, Iowa. Fruit medium to large, globular-oval, narrowing at both ends, with its greatest diameter near the middle, similar to Kieffer in shape, inclined to ridging near the apex, greenish, with blushed cheeks and russet dots; flesh tender, melting, juicy; good when ripened indoors.

=Monseigneur Affre. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom_. =2=:430, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 618. 1884.

Raised by Van Mons though the tree did not produce fruit until 1845, three years after his death. Fruit medium, form variable, globular-obtuse-truncate, pyriform, greenish-yellow; flesh white, reddish under the skin, very melting, juicy, sugary, acidulous, aromatic, with a fine flavor; first; Nov.

=Monseigneur des Hons. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:431, fig. 1869.

M. Gibey-Lorne, Troyes, Fr., raised this pear from seed in 1856. Fruit below medium and often small, usually turbinate, rather long and obtuse, but sometimes cylindrical and bossed, olive-green dotted with russet on the shaded side, golden on the exposed face, sometimes blushed with carmine; flesh yellowish-white, fine, melting; juice abundant, saccharine, acidulous, aromatic; second; end of Aug.

=Monseigneur Sibour. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:432, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 817. 1869.

Originated at Jodoigne, Bel., from a bed made by Xavier Grégoire; it dates from 1855. Fruit above medium but often less, ovate, swelled in its lower half, yellowish-green, dotted, marbled and streaked with gray-russet and more or less washed with brown-fawn on the side of the sun; flesh whitish, rather coarse, semi-melting, juicy, containing numerous grits around the core; juice saccharine, vinous and aromatic; second; end of Oct.

=Moon. 1.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:183. 1908.

Cultivated by Silas Wharton in 1824. Its synonyms, _Moon's Pound_, and _Pound, Moon's_, are significant of its size. Fruit described by Ragan as medium sized, yellow; flesh melting, juicy; good; late.

=Moorcroft. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 619. 1884.

Often called in England the _Malvern_ pear, being much grown about that place; esteemed for perry. Fruit small, globular, even and regular in outline, greenish-yellow on the shaded side, and with a brownish tinge on the side next the sun, strewed all over with large ashy gray freckles of russet; flesh breaking.

=Moorfowl Egg. 1.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 361. 1831.

_Muirfowl Egg._ =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 619. 1884.

An old Scotch dessert pear partaking somewhat of the character of Swan Egg. Fruit below medium, globular, dull green changing to yellow-green, mottled with red next the sun, and thickly strewed with pale brown-russety dots; flesh yellowish, semi-buttery, tender, sweet and with a slight perfume; Oct.

=Morel. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =21=:151. 1855. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:434, fig. 1869.

Propagated by Alexandre Bivort, successor of Van Mons, and can be traced earlier than 1843. Fruit below medium or small, ovate, sensibly hexagonal, flattened at either extremity, and one side usually more enlarged than the other, yellowish-green, dotted and marbled with russet; flesh yellowish, fine, breaking, rather granular at the center; juice abundant, wanting in sweetness, insipid and of a very unpleasant astringency; second, but good only for cooking; Apr.

=Morgan. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =14=:250, fig. 1859. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =25=:541. 1859.

Originated on the farm of a Mr. Morgan in New Hanover County, North Carolina. Fruit large, oblate varying to obtuse-pyriform, greenish-yellow, speckled with gray-russet intermingled with some tracery of the same; flesh white, a little gritty, juicy, sweet, slightly vinous; very good, nearly best; Oct.

=Morley. 1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 593. 1629.

Mentioned in Parkinson's list of orchard pears as a "very good peare, like in forme and colour unto the Windsor but somewhat grayer."

=Morosovskaja. 1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 61. 1880.

Mentioned in a paper read by Mr. J. L. Budd before the Horticultural Society of Iowa in 1880. It is a Russian variety, having gritty, thorn-like wood.

=Moskovka. 1.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:184. 1908.

A Russian variety said to be largely grown for cooking. Fruit small, pyriform, juicy; early season.

=Mostbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:173. 1856.

Nassau, Ger., 1802. Fruit medium, pyriform, sides rather unequal, whitish-yellow skin changing to lemon-yellow, without any blush, dotted indistinctly, russeted; flesh yellow, breaking, coarse-grained, juicy, aromatic, sweet; third for dessert, but first for cooking and perry; Sept. and Oct.

=Moyamensing. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =13=:274. 1847. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 818. 1869.

Supposed to be a native. The original tree stood in 1847 in the garden of J. B. Smith of Philadelphia. Fruit medium, variable in form, some globular, others obovate, uniform light yellow, with patches and dots of russet; flesh whitish, buttery, melting, coarse, sweet; with a rich, spicy and delicious flavor; good to best; Aug. and Sept.

=Mrs. Seden. 1.= _Garden_ =76=:36, figs. 1912.

A cross between Seckel and Bergamotte Espéren; exhibited by James Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, Eng., before the Royal Horticultural Society in January, 1912, and received an award of merit. Fruit small, round, yellow, toning to a bright crimson on the sunny side; flesh is free from the grittiness which sometimes characterizes the fruits of Bergamotte Espéren; the flavor is remarkably fine; Jan.

=Muddy Brook. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 45. 1866.

A seedling from S. A. Shurtleff of Brookline, Mass., which fruited in 1862. Fruit diameter 2-1/4 inches, short pyriform; skin dark green; flesh white, melting and juicy, with good flavor; great bearer and good market pear; Sept.

=Muir Everbearing. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1920.

Originated with Hal Muir, Bloomfield, Ky., about 1870. Reported as "delicious; August to November."

=Mungo Park. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:160, 1856. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 100. 1876.

A seedling of Van Mons named after the celebrated Scotch voyager. Fruit small, turbinate-pyriform or globular-ovate, very pale green sprinkled with fawn dots, very small, numerous, and feebly visible, the basic green passing at maturity to pale whitish-yellow and becoming a little golden on the side of the sun; flesh white, very fine, melting, free from grit, full of sugary juice, sprightly and agreeably perfumed; first; Oct.

=Munz Apothekerbirne. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 3rd Ser. =30=:370. 1891.

Presumably German. A medium-sized pear, obovate, oblong, with a stalk rather more than an inch long, continuous with the fruit, yellowish; flesh white; of good flavor; Aug.

=Muscadine. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =1=:364. 1835. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 818. 1869.

The original tree is supposed to have grown on the farm of a Dr. Fowler near Newburgh, N. Y., and the pear was introduced to notice by Downing. Fruit medium, globular-obovate, regular in form, pale yellowish-green, thickly sprinkled with brown dots; flesh white, buttery, semi-melting, with an agreeable rich, musky flavor; good to very good, a valuable late summer variety; end of Aug. and beginning of Sept.

=Muscat Allemand d'Automne. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:437, fig. 1869. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 256. 1889.

Found in the Horticultural Society's Garden at Angers, Fr., in 1833. Its origin is uncertain but the name indicates that it came from Germany. Fruit medium and sometimes below, rather variable in form, from long-pyriform, slightly obtuse and regular in contour, to irregular-ovate and strongly bossed, somber yellow, dotted with clear gray, extensively washed with russet, and vermilioned on the side exposed to the sun; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, rather granular, watery; juice abundant and saccharine, vinous, musky and almost always marred by too great an acidity; second; Oct.

=Muscat Fleuri d'Été. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:121. 1768. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:441, fig. 1869.

Known at Orléans at the end of the sixteenth century under the name _Muscat à longue queue_. Fruit small, globular-turbinate or turbinate slightly ovate, olive-yellow finely dotted with fawn and washed with red-brown on the cheek next the sun; flesh yellowish, coarse, semi-breaking, juicy, saccharine, acidulous, musky; second; end of July.

=Muscat Robert. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:120, Pl. II. 1768. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 818. 1869.

This pear was mentioned by Le Lectier in 1628 and by la Quintinye in 1690 under the name of _Pucelle de Saintonge_. Its name of Muscat Robert dates from about 1672 and Merlet wrote of it in 1675 as the _Amber Pear_ or Muscat Robert. It has also been widely known as the _Amber Pear_. Fruit small, globular, very round in all its lower part but slightly conic at its other extremity where it is a little wrinkled, yellowish-green, finely and uniformly dotted with olive-brown and sometimes rather carmined on the cheek exposed to the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, breaking or semi-breaking, inclined to rot before ripe, granular, very juicy, sugary, very musky; second; mid-July.

=Muscat Royal. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:120. 1768. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:444, fig. 1869.

An old French pear growing in kitchen garden at Versailles planted about 1670 by La Quintinye for Louis XIV. It was then called _Muscat fleuri d'Autumne_ or _Muscat à longue queue_, on account of its long stem. Fruit small, globular in its lower half but somewhat conic-obtuse in its upper half; skin fine, grayish-yellow, dotted with clear brown and partly covered with russet which often passes into brownish-red of a somber hue on the side next the sun; flesh white, semi-fine, melting or semi-melting, watery, rather granular round the seeds; juice abundant, very saccharine, more or less acid and having a pleasant flavor; second; Sept.

=Muscat Royal de Mayer. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:225, fig. 111. 1866-73.

This is the Muscat Royal described by the German Mayer in his _Pomona Franconia_, 1779, and by Diel in 1804, and must not be confused with the Muscat Royal of Duhamel. Fruit small or nearly medium on a pruned tree, globular-turbinate, largest circumference around the middle, very obtuse; skin thick, green, covered with a sort of white bloom which dulls it, sprinkled with numerous round, whitish-gray dots, especially apparent on the side next the sun where they are nearly white; at maturity the green brightens somewhat; by the time it becomes yellow the fruit is already over ripe; flesh greenish, coarse, gritty at the core, semi-buttery, fairly full of sugary juice, with an agreeable musky flavor; third, should be eaten promptly on ripening; end of July.

=Muscat Roye. 1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =1=:134. 1831.

Fruit small, oblong; skin rough to the touch, yellowish-green on the shaded side, and of a "pleasant red" next the sun; flesh breaking and perfumed; end of Aug.

=Muscatelle. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:448, fig. 1869.

One of the last gains of Major Espéren, Mechlin, Bel., who died in 1847. Fruit small, nearly globular or globular-conic, at first water-green dotted with numerous round points brown in color, changing to lemon-yellow; flesh yellowish, transparent, semi- or nearly melting, full of sugary juice strongly scented with musk; first; Feb. and Mar.

=Musette d'Anjou. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:446, fig. 1869.

Claude Saint-Étienne wrote of this pear briefly in 1687, being the first writer to mention it. Probably it originated in the old province of Anjou. Its name and form recall the rural bag-pipes which the Breton country folk play, and dance to. Fruit below medium, very elongated, flattened at its extremities, constricted at the middle, the upper part being often bent so as to make it resemble the musical instrument after which it is named, lemon-yellow or yellow-ochre, dotted uniformly with gray and brown points; flesh white, coarse and breaking, watery and gritty; juice sufficient, rarely very saccharine, more or less astringent, slightly perfumed, and with a disagreeable after-taste; third; Sept.

=Musette de Nancy. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 621. 1884.

Fruit large, pyramidal and handsome, with an uneven and undulating outline, shaped like Beurré de Rance, lemon-yellow covered with a fine, warm, orange-brown or bright cinnamon-colored russet; flesh yellowish-white, rather crisp like the texture of Passe Colmar; juice abundant, rich, saccharine and very finely perfumed; first; end of Oct. and beginning of Nov.

=Muskateller-Bergamotte. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:21. 1856.

Origin uncertain, probably German. Fruit small, globular, light grass-green changing to yellowish-green, uniform in color, washed with brown on the side exposed to the sun, strongly dotted with brown; flesh melting, extremely musky; first for the table; Oct.

=Muskingum. 1.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 153. 1849. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 819. 1869.

Origin uncertain, but probably either Ohio or Connecticut is its native habitat. Fruit medium, globular to obovate, greenish-yellow, with dark specks and much russet; flesh breaking, yellow-white, with many dark specks and much russet, juicy, sprightly, vinous, pleasantly perfumed, aromatic flavor; good; middle and last of Aug.

=Muskirte Wintereirbirne. 1.= Christ _Handb._ 508. 1817. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:57. 1856.

A Dutch variety, published in 1801. Fruit small, ovate, medium ventriculous; skin fine and smooth, light straw-yellow changing to a waxy lemon-yellow and often washed with a golden blush; flesh semi-breaking, sweet, having a musky aroma; second for dessert, first for household; Dec. to Feb.

=Musquée d'Espéren. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:448, fig. 1869.

A seedling of Major Espéren; probably first reported in 1845. Fruit medium, variable in form, passing from ovate rounded at each end to ovate nearly cylindrical and more or less bossed; greenish-yellow, dotted and streaked with russet; flesh whitish, fine, breaking, perfumed; juice very abundant, saccharine, acidulous and very musky in flavor and agreeable; first; beginning of Feb. and through Mar.

=Mussette. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:169. 1856.

A Normandy perry pear. Fruit medium, rather long-pyriform; skin a dirty greenish-yellow changing to brown-green; flesh gritty, juicy, sweet, sharp and vinous; good for household use, first class for perry; end of Oct.

=Mützchensbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:162. 1856.

German, 1807. Fruit small, in clusters, short-turbinate, upper end flat, greenish-yellow, covered with cinnamon and dotted; flesh whitish-yellow, tender, sweet, vinous; third for dessert, first for culinary use; Oct.

=Naegelgesbirn. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 80. 1876.

A Rhenish-Prussian perry pear which is exceedingly prolific but produces a perry of inferior quality.

=Nain Vert. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 914. 1860. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:450, fig. 1869. =3.= _Jour. Hort._ N. S. =32=:256. 1896.

This strange variety was obtained from seed by M. de Nerbonne, in the commune of Huillé (Maine-et-Loire), Fr., and first fruited in 1839. The tree forms a bush between 3 and 4 feet high; it is remarkable for its dwarf habit, and its erect, thick, fleshy branches, Fruit medium and sometimes larger, globular, irregular, but variable in form; skin thin, slightly rough, yellowish-green, uniformly covered with large gray-russet dots; flesh white, semi-fine and semi-melting, rather dry; juice deficient, sugary, sweet, almost without perfume; third; Oct.

=Napa. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 68. 1895.

Originated in California and was introduced by Leonard Coates in 1886. Fruit very large, mid-season.

=Naples. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:451, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 621. 1884.

This old variety known in France for many centuries and described by Claude Saint-Étienne in 1670 was also known as the _Feuille de chêne_ or _Oak leaf_. Its name indicates that it came from Italy. Henri Manger said in 1780 that it appeared to him to be identical with the pear _Picentia_ described by Pliny. Fruit medium and often less, turbinate-obtuse much swelled at central circumference, and more or less bossed at both extremities, olive-yellow or bright green at first, changing to a beautiful lemon-yellow, finely dotted with fawn, brownish-red next the sun, changing to bright red as the ground color changes; flesh whitish, semi-fine, semi-breaking, almost free from grit; juice plentiful, sweet and sugary, possessing usually a slight after-taste of anis; second; Jan. to Mar.

=Napoleon. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 819. 1869. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 189. 1920.

_Napoleon I._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:453, fig. 1869.

_Napoleon Butterbirne._ =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 257. 1889.

Napoleon was raised in 1808 by M. Liard, a gardener at Mons, Bel. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, swelled toward the base; skin thin, smooth, bright green changing to greenish-yellow, covered with numerous brown dots, seldom blushed; flesh white and fine, tender, melting, rather granular, very juicy, with a very saccharine, refreshing and aromatic flavor; first, a valuable dessert pear; mid-Oct. or nearly Nov. to Dec.

=Napoleon Savinien. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =4=:71, fig. 1856. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 819. 1869.

Obtained in the garden of the Society Van Mons at Geest-Saint-Rémy, Bel., in 1854. Fruit medium, turbinate-ventriculous or pyriform-ventriculous, acute at the top which passes into the stalk; greenish-yellow, dotted with gray-russet; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, juicy and perfumed, saccharine; juice musky, delicate; Oct. to Mar.; the long period of its ripening is its very valuable quality.

=Napoleon III. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:457, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 622. 1884.

The seedling which bore this beautiful fruit came from the seed beds of André Leroy. It was first reported in 1864. Fruit large, obovate, obtuse, uneven, deep yellow, dotted and streaked with russet, and marked with numerous brownish stains; flesh white, fine, juicy and vinous, saccharine, tastes sourish; an excellent pear, first; Sept.

=Naquette. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:109, fig. 53. 1866-73.