Chapter V: Minor Varieties of Pears (18)

Originated with Mrs. Mary S. Sturges, Baker, Ore., about 1905. Fruit medium to large, obtuse-obovate-pyriform; stem short, thick, set in a very shallow, narrow, russeted cavity; calyx small, partly open, set in a shallow but broad basin; color dull green, considerably mottled with patches and flecks of russet; dots small, conspicuous; flesh yellowish, slightly granular, tender, juicy, good; Sept.

=Styer. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =8=:31, 32, fig. 1853.

Originated about 1837 with Charles Styer, White Plain township, Montgomery County, Pa. Fruit medium, globular, green changing to yellow, with many russet dots and markings; flesh yellowish-white, somewhat gritty at the core, buttery, melting; exceedingly rich and perfumed; good; Sept.

=Styrian. 1.= _Jour. Hort._ =5=:267, fig. 1863.

_Beurré Keele Hall._ =2.= _Guide Prat._ 87. 1895.

Received in England by the Horticultural Society from M. Bosc of Paris about 1824. Fruit large, long-obovate or pyriform, fairly even and regular in outline; skin even and shining, of a clear lemon-yellow, with a bright vermilion cheek next the sun, appearing as if varnished; flesh yellowish, very fine-grained, tender, buttery, melting and extremely juicy, sweet, brisk and having a fine flavor of vanilla; a first-rate and delicious dessert fruit; Oct.

=Sucré-Vert. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:189. Pl. XXXIV. 1768. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:677, fig. 1869. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 649. 1884.

Said to have come from Barmont, a chateau situated on the border of Burgundy. It was well known in Paris in 1670. Fruit medium or below, globular-turbinate; skin shining, intense green, dotted with numerous gray and green dots, a little whitened on the shaded side, yellowish when ripe; flesh yellowish-white, buttery, melting, semi-fine, some grit about the center; juice plentiful, sugary, slightly perfumed; excellent but variable; Oct.

=Sucrée de Hoyerswerda. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 582. 1857.

_Sucré-Vert d'Hoyerswerda_. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:679, fig. 1869.

According to Diel this variety was a new pear in the first years of the last century found in the village of Hoyerswerda, Saxony. Fruit always below medium, turbinate-obtuse or globular-ovate, rather irregular; skin a little thick, bright yellow shaded with dull yellow, sprinkled all over with gray-russet dots on the shaded side and greenish-brown dots on the sun-exposed side on which it is also much encrimsoned; flesh greenish-white, semi-fine, breaking, watery, granular around the pips; juice sufficient, highly saccharine, acidulous, with an agreeable musky perfume; second; Aug.

=Sucrée de Montluçon. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 48, 294. 1895. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 198. 1920.

Found in a hedge at Montluçon, Fr., about 1812, by M. Rochet. Fruit medium, oval-conic, uneven, lemon-yellow; stem medium long, rather short and woody; calyx large, closed, in a narrow, shallow basin; flesh palest yellow, transparent, extremely juicy, well flavored, very delicious; Oct.

=Sucrée Blanche. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:191, fig. 96. 1872.

Obtained by M. Boisbunel, a nurseryman at Rouen, Fr. It was first published in 1856. Fruit rather large, long-pyriform or sometimes somewhat gourd-shaped; skin rather thick and firm, at first very bright green covered with a light white bloom on which are very small and faint dots, brightening still more at maturity but even in coloring all over the fruit; flesh white, semi-fine, melting; juice sufficient, saccharine, pleasant; good but not rich enough to be first class; Aug. or a little earlier.

=Sucrée du Comice. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:680, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 861. 1869.

Raised by the old Horticultural Society of Angers, Fr., and first fruited in 1855. Fruit above medium, more or less obtuse, turbinate, irregular, much swelled in its lower half; color golden yellow, entirely sprinkled with reddish dots and generally rayed with fawn around the calyx; flesh white, semi-fine and semi-melting, watery, very granular around the core; second; Sept. and Oct.

=Sucrée Van Mons. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:683, fig. 1869.

_Brüssler Zuckerbirne_. =2.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 114. 1825.

A seedling raised by Van Mons. Fruit medium to large, ovate, irregular, sometimes nearly spherical; skin thick, very bright green, mottled with pale yellow, sprinkled with numerous large, grayish spots, turning a fine lemon-yellow at maturity and rather golden on the side next the sun; flesh white, semi-fine, semi-buttery and melting, saccharine, vinous, slightly perfumed; quality variable, due perhaps to differences of soil and climate; second to third; Oct. and Nov.

=Sucrée de Zurich. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:684, fig. 1869.

_Züricher Zuckerbirne_. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 303. 1889.

Of doubtful origin but we may fairly assume it was Switzerland and probably Zurich. Fruit small, turbinate, slightly obtuse or ovate and even in contour, bright greenish-yellow, dotted uniformly with gray-russet; flesh whitish, fine, melting, juicy, very saccharine, acidulous, with a slight and agreeable scent of cinnamon; second; Sept.

=Suet Lea. 1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =332=:486. 1913.

An oriental hybrid. Fruit medium to small, apple-shaped to oblong, regular in contour; light yellow, with large, rough, russet dots; flesh greenish-white, deficient in juice, hard and gritty, breaking; poor; late.

=Suffolk Thorn. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 816. 1841. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 649. 1884.

_Wilding aus Suffolk._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 298. 1889.

Raised by Andrew Arcedeckene, Clavering Hall, Suffolk, Eng., from seed of Gansel Bergamot. Fruited first about 1841. Fruit medium, globular-turbinate, pale lemon-yellow, covered with numerous small dots and irregular patches of pale ashy-gray russet which are most numerous on the side next the sun; flesh yellowish-white, exceedingly melting, buttery and juicy, with a rich, sugary juice, exactly similar in flavor to Gansel Bergamot; first; Oct.

=Sugar Top. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =3=:49. 1837.

Said to be a native fruit and is called also July or Harvest Pear. Fruit globular, top-shaped, skin smooth, yellow; flesh juicy, breaking, sweet, with but little flavor; July.

=Sülibirne. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 288. 1889. =2.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 172, fig. 1913.

A perry pear found in Austria and Germany. Fruit small, globular-pyriform, greenish-yellow, flecked and dotted with russet all over the fruit, frequently somewhat tinted with a brownish blush; flesh yellowish-white, coarse-grained, very acid; Oct.

=Sullivan. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:57. 1842.

A seedling sent to this country by Van Mons and named by Manning. Fruit medium, pyriform, smooth green skin, with russet specks; flesh greenish-white, fine-grained, tender, very juicy, pleasant but not highly flavored; second; Sept.

=Summer Beurré d'Arenberg. 1.= _Jour. Hort._ =13=:315. 1867. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 199. 1920.

Raised by Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, Eng., about 1860 and produced its first fruit in 1863. Fruit rather small, turbinate, even and smooth in outline; skin clear and very thin; flesh very fine throughout, scarcely any core, no trace of grit, melting, yellowish, buttery, tender, very juicy, with a sweet, rich and distinctive flavor; excellent; Sept.

=Summer Hasting. 1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 593. 1629.

"The Summer Hasting is a little greene peare, of an indifferent good rellish."

=Summer Popperin. 1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 592. 1629.

"Both of them are very good dry firme peares somewhat spotted, and brownish on the outside."

=Summer Portugal. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 651. 1884.

Fruit quite small, pyriform, bright grass-green, with a brownish blush on the side next the sun and dotted all over with dark green dots, at maturity becoming clear yellow, with a red cheek; flesh yellowish, tender, breaking, very juicy, sweet and pleasantly flavored; Aug.

=Summer Saint Germain. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 347. 1845.

_Saint Germain d'Été._ =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:622, fig. 1869.

Of French origin. Imported to France from Belgium or Holland by Louis Noisette previous to 1830. It is better known in this country and in England as the _Summer Saint Germain_. Fruit below medium, obovate-pyriform, generally irregular, bright greenish-yellow, dotted with russet on the shaded side and extensively washed with vivid rose on the other cheek where it is sprinkled with gray points; flesh white, fine, soft, semi-melting, slightly gritty at the center; juice sufficient, saccharine, often rather astringent but always full of flavor; second and sometimes third; Sept. and Oct.

=Summer Virgalieu. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 864. 1869.

_Virgalieu d'été._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:5, fig. 3. 1872.

Origin unknown. Tree moderately vigorous, productive. Fruit roundish, pyriform, yellow, slightly netted and patched with russet, thickly sprinkled with russet dots; stem rather long, set in a small cavity; calyx open; segments recurved; basin shallow, uneven; flesh yellowish, juicy, melting, slightly vinous; good; Aug.

=Superfondanta. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 153. 1841.

Received by Simon-Louis Bros., Metz, Lorraine, from Italy. Fruit medium, obovate, smooth, pale yellow, marked with a few dots and sometimes marked with russet; flesh white, buttery, melting, very good; Oct.

=Suprême Coloma. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =3=:Pt. 2, 49, fig. 121. 1866-73.

_Kopertscher._ =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 796. 1869.

Count Coloma, Mechlin, Bel., made seed beds in 1786. From these beds came the Suprême Coloma, a fruit of exquisite flavor. Fruit above medium, ovate, shortened, obtuse; skin delicate, olive-yellow, always mottled with greenish-russet and thickly covered with brown dots; flesh whitish, fine, melting, nearly free from grit, very full of saccharine juice, acidulous, with a special perfume of much delicacy; first; Oct.

=Surpasse Crassane. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:687, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 652. 1884.

A seedling of Van Mons obtained about 1820 in his nursery at Louvain, Bel. Fruit medium, globular or globular-turbinate, flattened at the base, mammillate at the summit; skin dark olive-yellow, much covered with russet and tinted with dark red on the cheek touched by the sun; flesh whitish, fine, melting, juicy, granular around the center; juice abundant, very saccharine, highly perfumed, with an agreeable tartish taste; first; Oct. to Dec.

=Surpasse Meuris. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:688, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 653. 1884.

The Surpasse Meuris was gained by Van Mons at Brussels before 1818. Fruit large, pyriform or turbinate-obtuse, always ventriculated toward the base and generally rather bossed; skin rough, olive-yellow dotted with gray, mottled with fawn and often colored with brown-red on the side next the sun; flesh white, tinged with yellow, semi-fine and semi-melting; juice extremely abundant, very saccharine, tartish and savory; first, sometimes second when the juice is slightly perfumed; Sept.

=Surpasse St. Germain. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 198. 1833.

A seedling of Van Mons imported in 1819. Fruit rather large and oblong, rounded at the base and tapering toward the stalk, irregular in outline, green and brown; winter.

=Surpasse Virgalieu. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 416, fig. 189. 1845. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:868, fig. 1869.

The origin of this variety is unknown. Andrew Parmentier introduced it from his nursery at Brooklyn under this name about 1800. Fruit rather large, obovate; skin smooth, pale lemon-yellow with a very few minute dots and rarely a little faint red on the sunny side; flesh white, exceedingly fine-grained and buttery, abounding with delicious highly flavored, aromatic juice, differing from that of the Doyenné; first; Oct.

=Surprise. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 41. 1916.

Surprise is a valuable blight-resistant variety belonging to Pyrus communis and promises to make a blight-resistant stock on which to top-work commercial varieties.

=Süsse Margarethenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:53. 1856.

Germany; first published in 1833. Fruit medium, pyriform, light yellow, often, blushed with light red and thickly dotted; flesh semi-melting, granular, sweet, agreeably cinnamon-flavored; second for dessert, good for household and market; Aug.

=Süsse Sommerlahnbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:52. 1856.

German; published in 1805. Fruit fairly large, variable in form, ovate, often conic and ventriculous-pyriform, sides rather unequal, dull greenish-yellow turning to a fine citron-yellow, without any blush but russeted on the side next the sun, indistinct dots; flesh not juicy, saccharine, with flavor of black currant; second for dessert, very good for kitchen use and market; Aug.

=Suwanee. 1.= Griffing Bros. _Cat._ 13, fig. 1909.

Originated in southern Georgia and introduced by Griffing Brothers Company in 1909. Fruit large, oblong, tapering towards both ends, blunt; skin tough, dark golden-russet over a yellow ground, with a slight tinge of red; flesh white, crisp, tender; good.

=Suzanne. 1.= Mas. _Pom. Gen._ =3=:129, fig. 161. 1878.

Received by Oberdieck from Van Mons without a name. Fruit rather small, ovate, short and ventriculous, symmetrical in contour with its greatest diameter about the center; skin delicate, bright green, sprinkled with extremely numerous small brown spots, changing to pale yellow, golden on the side next the sun or sometimes touched with red; flesh white, tinted with yellow, very fine, buttery, melting, sufficiently juicy, saccharine and delicately perfumed; good; Sept.

=Suzette de Bavay. 1.= _Pom. France_ =2=:No. 80, Pl. 80. 1863. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 865. 1869.

Major Espéren of Mechlin, Bel., obtained this long-season pear. It fruited first in 1843. Fruit small or medium, globular, generally mammillate at the top; skin rough, pale yellow, dotted with greenish-brown and speckled with russet and reddish stains; flesh white, semi-fine, melting or semi-melting, juicy, almost free from grit; juice abundant, saccharine, acidulous, more or less perfumed with anis; Jan. to Apr.

=Swan Egg. 1.= Langley _Pomona_ 132, Pl. LXIV. 1729.

An English variety recommended by Lindley as suitable in the Highlands of Scotland. Fruit medium, globular-ovate; skin smooth, yellowish-green on the shaded side and clear brownish-red on the cheek exposed to the sun and covered with pale brown-russet; flesh yellowish-white, tender, very juicy, with a sweet and piquant flavor and musky aroma; good; Oct.

=Sweater. 1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 593. 1629.

"The Sweater is somewhat like the Windsor, for colour and bigeness but nothing neare of so good a taste."

=Sylvie de Malzine. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 100. 1895.

Sent out by Daras de Naghin, Anvers, Bel. Tree vigorous and fertile. Fruit medium, globular; flesh rather fine, melting, recalling the Beurré d'Angleterre by its flavor; Nov. and Dec.

=Taglioretti. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:73, fig. 517. 1881.

Tree bell-shaped, pyramidal; leaves bluish-green and dull, characteristically folded; stipules remarkably short. Fruit medium in size, ovoid, short, broad, resembling the Bergamotte d'Été and the Vallée Franche; skin rather firm, bright lemon-yellow to golden; dots conspicuous; calyx medium, open; basin narrow, rather deep; flesh white, medium fine, medium breaking, juicy; good; Aug.

=Takasaki. 1.= _Ga. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 49, 54. 1892.

Exhibited by P. J. Berckmans at the Georgia State Horticultural Society Meeting in 1892. Said to be a Japanese pear.

=Talmadge. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =25=:125. 1870.

_Northford Seckel_ =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 123. 1881.

Originated in the garden of Levi Talmadge at Northford, Conn., as a chance seedling of Seckel. Tree hardy and vigorous, with spreading head, very symmetrical, attaining double the size of the Seckel, very productive. Fruit larger and more uniform than Seckel, almost identical in form, with the same russet ground, slightly less ruddy coloring; flesh white, juicy, melting; inferior to Seckel; ripens with Seckel.

=Tardive d'Ellezelles. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 111. 1876.

Probably originated in Belgium. Fruit large, grayish-green, pleasantly aromatic; heat resistant; Apr. and May.

=Tardive Garin. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 111. 1876.

Tree very vigorous and very productive. Fruit large, roundish, grayish-yellow; flesh medium, melting, juicy, sweet; May and June.

=Tardive de Mons. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 331. 1866. =2.= _Ibid._ 654. 1884.

Fruit medium in size, oblong-obovate, even and regularly formed; skin uniformly yellow, orange tinge next the sun; dots large and russet; calyx large, open; stem rather slender, obliquely inserted without depression; flesh white, tender, buttery, melting, very juicy, rich, sugary; rated as an "excellent pear;" Nov.

=Tardive de Montauban. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 107. 1876.

Tree very productive. Fruit medium to small, rather long, reddish on the sunny side; flesh fine, yellow, sweet, medium melting; first; very late.

=Tardive de Solesne. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 100. 1895.

Tree vigorous and very productive. Fruit large to very large; flesh breaking, very sweet; first; Jan. and Feb.

=Tatnall Harvest. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =19=:424. 1853.

The Pennsylvania Horticultural Society rated specimens of this variety submitted to it by Thomas Hancock, Burlington, N. J., as "scarcely good."

=Tavernier de Boulogne. 1.= Field _Pear Cult._ 283. 1858. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:696, fig. 1869.

Found in 1836 by M. Tavernier in a woods near Trelaze, Fr. Tree scraggly, productive, a good orchard tree. Fruit medium to above, longish-conic, greenish-yellow; flesh white, firm; of first quality for cooking; late spring and early summer.

=Taylor. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 112. 1852. =2.= _U. S. D. A. Pat. Off. Rpt._ 282. 1853.

Mr. Merriweather, Charlottesville, Va., is credited with having originated this pear, although it may have come from France about 1780. Tree vigorous, young wood olive; productive; fruit medium, roundish-oblate; skin light green, mottled with dark green; stalk rather long, fleshy at its termination in a very slight depression; calyx very small, set in a wide, superficial basin; flesh fine in texture, buttery; flavor vinous, with a delicate vanilla aroma; very good; Nov. to Feb.

=Taynton Squash. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 654. 1884.

_Squash._ =2.= Thacher _Am. Orch._ 191. 1822.

An old pear which originated in Gloucestershire, Eng., previous to the year 1805 and which is widely known as a remarkably fine perry pear much grown in Herefordshire. It is early, tender of flesh, and "if it drops ripe from the tree it bursts from the fall, whence probably the name." Fruit medium to below, turbinate, dull greenish-yellow on the shaded side and dull brownish-red next the sun, covered with rough, russet dots; calyx open; stem slender; flesh white, with a brisk, sweet flavor.

=Tea. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =16=:154. 1850. =2.= _Ibid._ =20=:466, fig. 22. 1854.

Mrs. Ezra Merchant, Milford, Conn., found seed from which this pear was raised in a pound of tea which she purchased, hence the name. Similar to White Doyenné, if not identical with it. Tree vigorous, with bright yellow wood and deep green foliage. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyramidal, with often a suture on one side, yellowish-green becoming blushed in the sun; stem short, stout, fleshy at the base; calyx open; flesh whitish, melting, juicy, vinous; very good to best; Sept.

=Templiers. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:697, fig. 1869.

The place of origin is uncertain but the time is at least prior to 1838. Fruit large, short-turbinate, dull yellow, spotted with ashy gray; of first quality for cooking, beginning of Sept.

=Tepka. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 24, fig. 1913.

A perry pear common to lower Styria, Carniola, and the maritime regions of Austria. Fruit Bergamot-shape, pale green becoming yellowish-green; calyx large, open, star-shape; stem brown, medium short, often bent; flesh juicy, sprightly; rots at the core and keeps poorly in storage; Sept.

=Test. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1920.

Reported by Luther Burbank, Santa Rosa, Cal., as "A large pear, being four inches long by two and one-half across. In form much like Bartlett and in quality more like Le Conte, but far better and far more prolific than either. Ripens four weeks later than Le Conte. When canned is firm and white and fully equal to or better than Bartlett."

=Tettenhall. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 733. 1841.

"This pear, supposed only to flourish in the parish of Tettenhall, near Wolverhampton, though a very profuse bearer, has fruit almost worthless; but as a forest tree it is remarkable for its beauty, far surpassing in size, shape and masses of deep green foliage any other Pear-tree I ever saw."

=Teutsche Augustbirne. 1.= Christ _Handb._ 563. 1817. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:51. 1856.

Reported from the regions of Thuringia, Hesse, and Württemberg about 1799. Fruit medium in size, oblong-oval, bright yellow, dotted, thick-skinned; calyx star-shape; stem fleshy; flesh breaking, sweet; fair, a good commercial variety; Aug.

=Texas. 1.= Ragan _Fr. Recom. by Am. Pom. Soc., B. P. I. Bul._ =151=:41. 1909.

This is a whitish-yellow, medium-large, pyriform pear of good quality, at one time considered promising along the Gulf Coast; said to have originated in Texas.

=The Dean. 1.= J. Van Lindley _Cat._ 34. 1899.

"A very large pear that has been bearing regularly near Oak Ridge, Guilford County, N. C., for more than 40 years. In appearance it resembles both Bartlett and Duchesse [d'Angoulême], and is as large as Duchesse and better in quality. Ripens between Bartlett and Duchesse, making a very valuable pear and of good quality."

=Theilersbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:195. 1856. =2.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 174, fig. 1913.

A perry pear said to have appeared in Switzerland about 1848 as a wilding. Tree spreading, large, vigorous, strong, productive. Fruit small, ovate, yellowish-green becoming yellow, dotted strongly with russet; calyx open; stem medium long; flesh dull white, juicy, piquant, without aroma.

=Theodor Körner. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:126. 1856.

A seedling raised by Van Mons of Belgium about 1851. Tree rather vigorous, an early and good bearer. Fruit medium to above, conic, greenish-yellow; calyx star-shaped; segments long; flesh melting, juicy, vinous; first; Sept.

=Theodore. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:16. 1856.

According to Dochnahl this pear may have originated in Belgium about 1833. Fruit medium large, 2 inches wide and 2-1/2 inches long, smooth, bright yellow, sunny side washed with red; dots numerous; sweet, vinous; last of Aug.

=Theodore Van Mons. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 164, 234. 1854. =2.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =4=:29, fig. 1856.

Originated by Van Mons in 1827. Tree vigorous, pyramidal, productive. Fruit medium to above, obovate-pyriform to oblong-pyriform, greenish-yellow, russeted; dots gray-green, numerous; stem curved, about an inch long; cavity slight; calyx open; flesh yellowish-white, rather coarse, juicy, melting, vinous; good to very good; Sept. and Oct.

=Theodore Williams. 1.= Stark Bros. _Year Book_ =5=:40. 1914.

A seedling of Kieffer raised by Theodore Williams, and introduced by Stark Brothers Nurseries & Orchard Company about 1914. Tree hardy, is reported to have stood a temperature of 40 degrees below zero without injury. Fruit medium, yellowish-green, sweet, juicy.

=Théophile Lacroix. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 290. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 50. 1895.

Tree productive and of good vigor. Fruit large to very large, pyriform, similar to the type of Beurré Diel, deep yellow, plentifully spotted and marbled with cinnamon-red; flesh yellowish, fine, juicy, with an aroma suggestive of orange, a little gritty about the core; first; Dec. and Jan.

=Thérèse. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 111. 1876.

Fruit rather large, Bergamot-shape, yellowish-green; flesh very melting, delicately aromatic; first; Oct.

=Thérèse Appert. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:699, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 2d App. 136, fig. 1872.

First fruited in 1861 from seed of Beurré Clairgeau by André Leroy, Angers, Fr. Tree vigorous, productive. Fruit medium, oblong, turbinate, yellowish-orange, washed with vermilion; stem short, a trifle inclined; cavity small; calyx open; basin shallow; flesh whitish-yellow, very juicy, very sweet, aromatic; very good; Sept.

=Theveriner Butterbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:125. 1856.

Said to have originated in France about 1852. Fruit medium large, turbinate, bright green becoming greenish-yellow, somewhat clouded and striped with red, covered with russet; calyx star-shaped; stem thick, one inch long; seeds mostly abortive; flesh yellowish, sweet, vinous; Oct.

=Thibaut Butterbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:126. 1856.

According to Dochnahl this is a seedling from Van Mons which originated in Belgium in 1851. Fruit medium large, turbinate, irregular and ill-shapen, bright green becoming yellowish-green, with gray dots, and spotted with russet; skin thin; calyx small, erect; stem slender, 2 inches long, fleshy at the base; core and seeds small; sweet, aromatic; very good; Oct.

=Thick Stalked Pear. 1.= Mawe-Abercrombie _Univ. Gard. Bot._ 1778.

Mentioned in the reference cited as a minor variety of winter pear having a very large, roundish fruit.

=Thimothée. 1.= _Mas Pom. Gen._ =7=:181, fig. 574. 1881.

This variety was raised from seed by M. Pariset, a seedsman of Ain, Fr., about 1852. Tree rather vigorous, upright, symmetrical. Fruit medium, roundish-pyriform, regular, greenish becoming pale yellow; calyx almost closed; stem very short, rather stout; flesh whitish, very fine, very melting, subacid, refreshing; good; Nov. and Dec.

=Thompson= (Eng.). 1. _Mag. Hort._ =8=:64. 1842. =2.= _Pom. France_ 4:156, Pl. 156. 1867.

Said to be a seedling of Van Mons originated about 1819. R. Manning, Salem, Mass., received cions in 1841. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium, obovate, lemon-yellow, russeted around the stem; stem short; almost no cavity; calyx medium, open, slightly depressed in a small basin; segments often united; flesh whitish-yellow, buttery, juicy; flavor rich, sugary, aromatic; seeds large, long; Oct.

=Thompson= (N. H.). 1. Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 198. 1833. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =3=:51. 1837.

Originated on the farm of Judge Thompson, Portsmouth, N. H. Fruit medium to below, turbinate, quite russeted; "esteemed for its extraordinary productiveness and long keeping" by those in the vicinity of its origin but regarded by R. Manning, Salem, Mass., as "unfit for cultivation."

=Thooris. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =6=:27, fig. 1858. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 868. 1869.

This Belgian pear fruited for the first time in 1854 in the garden of the Society Van Mons. Fruit medium to below, round ovoid to oval, or Bergamot-shape; skin yellow, shaded and striped with grayish-red. Alexander Bivort gives, "flesh yellowish-white, half fine, melting; juice abundant, sugary, and with an agreeable perfume ... of first quality," whereas Downing says, "flesh white, coarse, dry, sweet, and poor ... unworthy of cultivation." Sept.

=Thuerlinckx. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 553. 1857.

_Beurré Thuerlinckx_. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 529. 1884.

This pear was found in 1848 upon an estate purchased by M. Thuerlinckx, Mechlin, Bel. It is said to be a very large, coarse, showy pear of long-obovate shape, with a somewhat tender and juicy flesh but without any aroma, and very soon becoming mealy; Oct. to Dec.

=Thurston Red. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 655. 1884.

Hogg says, "a new Herefordshire perry pear of some repute." Fruit small, turbinate, even in outline, greenish-yellow, with a thin red cheek and a large patch of thin, pale-brown russet, especially around the calyx; calyx small and open; stem an inch and a quarter long, slender; cavity none; flesh yellow.

=Tiffin. 1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 289. 1893.

Originated with Henry Loose, Tiffin, O. Fruit described as large, broad-ovate, smooth, greenish-yellow; dots numerous, brown; stem medium long, slender, curved, inserted with no depression; basin wide, russeted; calyx small, open; skin thin; core large; seeds large, plump, brown; flesh white, buttery, subacid; good; Oct.

=Tigrée de Janvier. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:141, fig. 71. 1872.

Raised by L. J. Berckmans from seed produced by Major Espéren and obtained by the former after the latter's death. Tree vigorous, rather slender. Fruit small to below medium, ovoid-pyriform, yellowish; stem long; flesh yellow, medium fine, melting, very juicy, vinous; not of the most beautiful appearance yet of the highest flavor; Dec. and Jan.

=Tillington. 1.= _Trans. Lond. Hort. Soc._ =4=:521. 1822. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 868. 1869.

Exhibited by Thomas Andrew Knight before the London Horticultural Society in 1820 as "a Seedling Pear raised from a seed of the Autumn Bergamot impregnated with the pollen of the Jargonelle." Tree hardy, productive. Fruit medium, short-pyriform, greenish-yellow, with light brown russet dots; stalk short; calyx open; flesh yellowish, tender, buttery, melting, not juicy, vinous, aromatic; good; Oct.

=Timpling. 1.= Buckman _Fruit Var. in Ex. Orch._ 6. 1901.

Included in the list of varieties in the experimental orchard of Benjamin Buckman, Farmingdale, Ill. Mr. Buckman reports that it was from Ludwig Hencke, Collinsville, and that he received it in 1893. Mr. Hencke brought the Timpling with him from Germany. According to Mr. Buckman the tree is rather free from blight, moderately productive, and still in good shape at the age of 27 years. Fruit medium; good quality and color.

=Tindall Swan Egg. 1.= _Trans. Lond. Hort. Soc._ =6=:396. 1826.

Specimens of a new variety of Swan Egg pear were sent to the meeting of the London Horticultural Society in 1824 by George and William Tindall, Beverley, Yorkshire, Eng. "It is larger and browner than the Common Swan's Egg, and equal to it in flavor. It keeps well till the end of January, and sometimes later."

=Tollbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 214, fig. 1913.

A very productive perry pear of Europe with fruit notable because of its beautiful color. Tree vigorous, upright. Fruit medium, round-obovate, very uniform; skin tough, smooth, glossy, green changing to yellow, side next the sun blushed with bright carmine and dotted heavily with brown-russet dots, russeted at top and bottom; calyx small, open; stem medium long, slender; flesh almost white, juicy, tart; mid-Oct. to Dec.

=Tolstoy. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1920.

Originated by N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. D., from Clapp Favorite x Pyrus ovoidea, and introduced by him in 1919.

=Tom Strange. 1.= Buckman _Fruit Var. in Ex. Orch._ 6. 1901.

This variety is found in the experimental orchard at Farmingdale, Ill., of Benjamin Buckman, who writes: "The 'Tom Strange' pear is a small local variety received from a person of that name, not worthy of disseminating under a name and had better be dropped."

=Tonkovietka. 1.= _Mont. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 53. 1882.

_Limbertwig_. =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 321. 1885.

_Thintwig_. =3.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 59. 1887.

One of the Russian pears imported by Prof. J. L. Budd from Dr. Regel, Petrograd, Russia, about 1879 and known by the Iowa Agricultural College under the numbers 513 and 14 m. Chas. Gibb, Abbottsford, Can., says this is the hardiest pear tree which bears edible fruit of which he knows. The name means slender stalk. Tree hardy, fine, productive. Fruit medium, conical, yellow, with red on the sunny side; flesh porous; ripens beginning of Aug. and keeps until Sept.; commendable for commercial orchards.

=Tonneau. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:237, Pl. LVIII, fig. 5. 1768. _2._ Hogg _Fruit Man._ 656. 1884.

_Fassbirne_. =3.= Christ _Handb._ 564. 1817.

This large cooking pear has been confused by Leroy and others with _Uvedale St. Germain_, but Hogg and Mas agree that the two are quite distinct. The French word _tonneau_ and the German word _fass_ are both translated "cask," a term which describes the shape of this pear very well. Tree vigorous; shoots upright; leaves pubescent, light green, young leaves yellowish-green. Fruit very large, oblong-ovate or cask-shaped; skin clear yellow; calyx large, open; basin deep, wide; stalk an inch long, straight, woody; cavity deep, irregular; flesh very white, rather dry; flavor brisk; more an ornament than a dessert fruit; Nov. to Feb.

=Toronto Belle. 1.= _Ont. Fr. Gr. Assoc. Rpt._ 82. 1882.

"We tested the fruit late in December and found it in grand condition; in quality it is equal to Beurré Bosc, and almost identical in form and color. The tree is a slow grower but a heavy and regular bearer. It is without doubt the finest winter pear we know of, opening, as it does, a new era in the quality of winter pears."

=Totten Seedling. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =14=:109. 1848. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 868. 1869.

Raised by Col. Totten, New Haven, Conn. Tree vigorous. Fruit small to medium, roundish-pyriform to obovate, pale yellow, slightly tinged with red in the sun; stalk long; calyx open; flesh white, sweet, perfumed; Sept. and Oct.

=Tournay d'Hiver. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 111. 1876.

Tree vigorous and productive, upright. Fruit large to very large, broadly turbinate; flesh buttery, melting, fine, vinous; first; Jan. and Feb.

=Tout-il-faut. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:107, fig. 54. 1872.

One of Van Mons' seedlings. The pear does not possess all the qualities that the name indicates. Tree hardy, productive, of medium vigor, early bearing. Fruit medium, regular, conic-pyriform, yellowish-green mostly covered by a brilliant crimson, very beautiful; flesh white, tender, sweet, rather juicy, agreeably aromatic; mid-Aug.

=Träublesbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:194. 1856. =2.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 140, fig. 68. 1913.

This perry pear, named Träublesbirne because of the racemose or bunch-like manner in which the fruit develops, is said to have had its origin in Württemberg about 1830. Tree rather vigorous, broad-pyramidal, scantily foliaged, thrifty, early bearing, productive. Fruit long-pyriform to oval, somewhat blunt at the base, greenish, russeted at both base and apex; dots fine; calyx open; stem long; flesh white, juicy; good; Oct.

=Tressorier Lesacher. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 290. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 101. 1895.

Tree of moderate vigor, very fertile. Fruit medium, resembling White Doyenné; flesh very fine; of highest quality; Oct.

=Trinkebirne. 1.= Christ _Handb._ 518, 562. 1817. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:14. 1856.

Originated in Saxony, Ger., about 1802. Twigs thick and long, heavily dotted; buds small; leaves round. Fruit medium, large, conical, yellowish, somewhat blushed, very juicy; good; last of Sept.

=Triomphe de Jodoigne. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =14=:112. 1848. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:706, fig. 1869. =3.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 200. 1920.

Raised by Simon Bouvier, Jodoigne, Bel., in 1830. Fruit large, oval-pyriform, tapering markedly toward stem, uneven, green becoming lemon-yellow; calyx small, open, in a small, uneven basin; stem rather long, stout, woody, fleshy at insertion; flesh whitish, coarse, juicy, half-melting, sweet; good to very good; Oct.

=Triomphe de Louvain. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 154. 1841. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:880, fig. 1889.

Originated by Van Mons about 1820. Fruit medium, roundish-oblate, rather rough, greenish-yellow, mostly covered with dull russet, many brown russet dots; stem rather short, stout; calyx large, open; flesh whitish, coarse, not juicy, sweet; good; Sept.

=Triomphe de Touraine. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 104. 1895.

From the name, one infers that this variety originated near Touraine, Fr. Tree vigorous, very productive. Fruit large to very large, green, reddish on the side next the sun, clear yellow at maturity; flesh firm, fine, juicy, sweet, similar in taste to Duchesse d'Angoulême but of better quality; Nov.

=Triomphe de Tournai. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ =20=:760, fig. 139. 1883. =2.= _Rev. Hort._ 512, fig. 1905.

M. Daras de Naghin, Tournai, Bel., originated this fruit from seed produced in 1868. The Pomological Committee of Tournai after testing it in 1882 and 1883 unanimously awarded its raiser a bronze medal. Tree vigorous and productive, pyramidal, upright. Fruit medium, turbinate to long-pyriform, symmetrical, uniformly green becoming yellow, faintly pitted; stem short, stout; calyx medium, open; basin shallow; flesh white, melting, juicy, sweet; good to very good; Jan. and Feb.

=Triomphe de Vienne. 1.= _Can. Hort._ =11=:261. 1888. =2.= _Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom._ 446, fig. 1904.

_Triumph_. =3.= _Can. Hort._ =25=:442, fig. 1902.

Raised in 1864 by M. Jean Colland, Vienne, Fr., and first distributed in 1874, this pear has been the recipient of several awards of merit. Tree vigorous, heavy-cropper, pyramidal. Fruit large, obovate-pyriform, rather irregular, greenish-yellow, with russet patches, often blushed with red; calyx open; core small; seeds usually imperfect; flesh white, melting, juicy; flavor rich, sweet, spicy; very good; Sept. and early Oct.

=Trompetenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_. =2=:140. 1856.

_Poire Trompette._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:97, fig. 49. 1872.

Diel obtained this variety at Schaumburg, Westphalia, but it appears to have originated at Nassau, Prussia. Published in 1805. Fruit medium, pyriform-conic, often irregular in form and uneven on the surface; skin rather thick and firm, light green changing to light yellow, covered with numerous small, round, brown spots and on the side next the sun blushed with wine-red; flesh whitish, semi-melting, granular; juice sufficient in quantity, very vinous but a little too astringent; third for dessert, first for household; Oct.

=Troppauer Goldgelbe Sommermuskatellerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:41. 1856.

_Troppauer Muskateller._ =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 291. 1889.

Said to have originated about 1851 in Troppau, Silesia, Austria. Fruit medium large, roundish, regular, bright yellow, frequently strongly russeted, flecked and dotted with brown; stem thin, medium long; flesh coarse, very sweet and somewhat musky; Aug.

=Truchsess. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:20. 1856.

Dochnahl credits this pear with having originated from seed in Dietz on the Lahn River, Ger., about 1826. Tree large and very fruitful; twigs long, glabrous; lenticels long; leaves ovate, entire. Fruit produced in clusters, medium large, roundish-ovate, bright green becoming yellowish, frequently russeted, strongly dotted; Nov.

=Truckhill Bergamot. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =11=:327. 1845. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 869. 1869.

Probably of English origin. Fruit medium or above, roundish-oblate, yellow with crimson and fawn in the sun, sprinkled with gray and green dots; stalk rather short; cavity deep; calyx open; basin deep, abrupt, uneven; flesh half-melting, somewhat coarse and gritty, moderately juicy; good; Sept. and Oct.

=Tsar. 1.= _Can. Hort._ =17=:293. 1894.

This is a Russian variety and may be synonymous with _Czar_ and _Tsarskaya_. It has been grown successfully in the Russian Province of Tambow, 53° north latitude. Tree very firm and wonderfully productive, pyramidal. Fruit moderate in size, conical, yellow, red on the sunny side; flesh soft, mellow, agreeable; flavor mild; Aug. and Sept.

=Tudor. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 157. 1867.

Said to be a seedling of Fulton and to resemble it very closely. Fruit peculiarly shaped, russeted; stem short; flesh melting, juicy; first; Sept. and Oct.

=Turban. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:121, fig. 61. 1872.

A beautiful early pear the origin of which is unknown. Tree vigorous, dependably productive, hardy, late in coming into bearing. Fruit medium in size, spherical-turbinate, green becoming pale yellow, covered with brown around base and apex; dots very large, dark green; calyx small; stem characteristically very short and very thick; flesh white, streaked with yellow, very fine, melting, juicy, sweet, aromatic; Aug.

=Türkische müskirte Sommerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:19. 1856.

The origin of this pear is ascribed to the Orient about the year 1832. Tree vigorous and productive; twigs glabrous; buds long and pointed. Fruit medium large, bulging, blunt, roundish, solid yellowish-green, sprinkled with russet; dots fine and bright-brown; calyx usually closed; stem woody, medium long; seeds numerous; flesh buttery; quality of the best; Sept.

=Turnep. 1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 593. 1629.

"The Turnep pear is a hard winter peare, not so good to eat rawe, as it is to bake."

=Twice flowering Pear-tree. 1.= Mawe-Abercrombie _Univ. Gard. Bot._ 1778.

"It often produces blossom twice a year, the first in the spring, and the second in autumn, so is preserved in many gardens as a curiosity." Classified as an autumn pear.

=Tyler. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 5. 1843. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 869. 1869.

Probably one of Gov. Edwards' seedlings which originated at New Haven, Conn., about 1840. Tree moderately vigorous; young wood reddish-yellow-brown. Fruit below medium, roundish-pyriform, yellow, netted and patched and dotted with russet; stem long, slender, in a moderate cavity, surrounded by russet; calyx open; basin shallow and uneven; flesh white, coarse, granular, buttery, melting, juicy, brisk, vinous; fair to good; Oct.

=Ulatis. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1920.

A seedling of Bartlett originated by R. E. Burton, Vacaville, Cal., and introduced in 1916. Fruit medium, pyriform, yellow; flesh white, fine, sweet; good; Sept.

=Unterlaibacher Mostbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 142, fig. 69. 1913.

This perry pear is a native of Carniola and probably gets its name from the city of Laibach in that region. Tree of moderate growth, upright, tall, with strong wood, a late and alternate bearer, long-lived. Fruit round, large, greenish-yellow, russeted about the calyx end, finely dotted; calyx open, wide; basin shallow; stem short, thick, brownish-yellow, set at an angle; flesh yellowish-green, granular; Oct.

=Upper Crust. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =4=:276. 1849. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 870. 1869.

A seedling introduced by Col. Wm. Sumner, Pomaria, S. C., in 1849. Tree pyramidal, with "switchey" limbs and gray bark. Fruit below medium, roundish, green, covered with distinct, irregular, russet patches; stalk rather short, stout; cavity broad, shallow; calyx large, open; flesh granular, not juicy, rots at core; poor; Aug.

=Ursula. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:7. 1856. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 872. 1869.

Said to have originated in Belgium about 1826. Tree vigorous and very productive; twigs green, thickly dotted; buds small, long; leaves ovoid. Fruit below medium to above, oblong-acute-pyriform, yellowish mostly covered with golden-russet; stem long, curved; calyx open; basin shallow; flesh white, juicy, melting; good to very good; late Aug.

=Uwchlan. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =6=:35, fig. 3. 1856. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:714, fig. 1869.

Originated on the premises of Widow Dowlin, near the Brandywine, in Uwchlan Township, Pa. It fruited first in 1851. Tree of good growth, productive, pyramidal. Fruit below medium, roundish, inclining to obovate, pale whitish-yellow, shaded, mottled and dotted with crimson, and thickly covered with conspicuous brown dots; stem curved, inclined; cavity shallow, sometimes lipped; calyx partially closed; basin abrupt, large, deep; flesh white, very juicy, very sweet, melting, aromatic; good to very good; Sept.

=Valentine. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 872. 1869.

Said to have originated on Long Island. Fruit above medium, oblong-acute-pyriform, pale yellowish-green, tinge of red in the sun; flesh white, juicy, melting, sweet, pleasant; good; Aug.

=Vallée Franche. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:74. 1768. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 658. 1884.

_Poire de Vallée._ =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:113, fig. 55. 1866-73.

A pear of ancient and unknown origin. It was grown in France in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Tree very large, exceedingly vigorous, very hardy, a regular bearer. Fruit medium or below, obovate or obtuse-pyriform, smooth, shining yellowish-green, sprinkled with small russet dots; flesh white, breaking, medium fine, very juicy, sweet, slightly musky; well reported from the Old World but as "unworthy of cultivation" from the New; last of Aug.

=Valley. 1.= Brookshaw _Hort. Reposit._ =2=:185, Pl. XCVII, fig. 2. 1823.

Possibly of English origin. Fruit oval or lemon-shape, yellow, strewn with fine dots; skin thick; flesh soft, buttery; flavor very pleasant; mid-Aug.

=Van Assche. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 55. 1852. =2.= _Horticulturist_ =3=:60, fig., front. 1853.

_Van Assene._ =3.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:58. 1842. =4.= _Ibid._ =13=:60, fig. 4. 1847.

M. Bouvier, Jodoigne, Bel., originated this pear about 1828. M. Manning received cions of the variety from Van Mons in 1835 under the name _Van Assene_, and this has led to incorrect statements in America that Van Assche is a seedling of Van Mons and should be called _Van Assene_. Tree productive, vigorous, erect, an early bearer. Fruit rather large, roundish-obovate-pyriform, pale yellow, covered with rather large russet specks; stem long, slender, curved; cavity medium deep; calyx closed; basin abrupt, deep flesh white, juicy, melting, sweet, pleasant; good to very good; Sept.

=Van Buren. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 5. 1843. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 873. 1869.

A cooking pear raised from seed by Governor Edwards of New Haven, Conn. Fruit medium, roundish-oblate, yellow, with a rich orange-red blush next the sun, regularly dotted with conspicuous brownish specks; flesh white, crisp, sweet; Oct.

=Van Deventer. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 873. 1869.

Originated in New Jersey. Tree very vigorous, very productive, an early bearer. Fruit rather small, oblong-ovate-pyriform, greenish-yellow, shaded with brownish-red in the sun, with many gray and green dots; stem inclined, inserted by a lip and sometimes rings; calyx partially closed; basin shallow; flesh whitish, juicy, tender, half-melting, sweet, pleasant, good; mid-Aug.

=Van Marum. 1.= _Pom. France_ =3=:No. 125, Pl. 125. 1865. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 873. 1869.

_Calebasse Grosse_. =3.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 541. 1884.

Originated by Van Mons in 1823. Tree vigorous, productive. Fruit very large, sometimes measuring six inches long, oblong-pyriform, yellow; stem rather long, slender; cavity flattened; calyx large; basin shallow, regular; flesh white, apt to rot at the core, half-melting, not especially juicy, sweet, aromatic; fair to good; Oct.

=Van Mons frühe Pomeranzenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:159. 1856.

Originated by Van Mons about 1852. Fruit broadly turbinate, light green becoming yellow, thickly dotted, specked with russet; stem thick, one inch long; flesh half-melting; second-rate in quality; Aug.

=Van Mons Sommer Schmalzbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:142. 1856.

Originated by Van Mons of Belgium about 1852, from seed. Tree vigorous and productive. Fruit medium large, 2 inches wide, 3-1/2 inches high, with protuberances, light green becoming greenish-yellow, without red, spotted with russet; calyx open, star-shaped; stem curved, medium long; flesh fine, moderately melting; last of Aug.

=Van Mons späte Wirthschaftbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:187. 1856.

Said to be a seedling of Van Mons originated about 1854. Twigs long, red; leaves small. Fruit oval, 2-3/4 inches wide, 3-1/2 inches high, with the bulge in the middle, green becoming yellowish-green; dots black; calyx almost closed; segments erect; stem woody, 1 inch long; flesh breaking, sweet; last of Nov.

=Van Mons süsse Haushaltsbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:182. 1856.

Said to have been originated by Van Mons about 1852. Fruit conic-pyriform, 2-1/2 inches wide, 3 inches tall, bright green becoming lemon-yellow, sometimes striped with red, more or less flecked with russet; dots not conspicuous; basin shallow; stem thick, 3/4 inch long, inclined; flesh yellowish-white, fine, smooth, sweet; Sept. and Oct.

=Van Tertolen Herbst Zuckerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:89. 1856.

_Sucré de Tertolen_. =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =3=:Pt. 1, 129, fig. 63. 1868.

_Tertolen Herbst Zuckerbirne_. =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 289. 1889.

Of Dutch origin. Tree light green; petioles long and very slender; leaves curved and sharply acuminate. Fruit nearly medium, globular-turbinate; skin rather thick, green, with large brown spots; flesh white, granular, buttery, rather gritty around the core, acidulous, perfumed; first; Nov.

=Van de Weyer Bates. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =18=:417. 1852. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =5=:71, fig. 324. 1880.

Said to have been originated by Van Mons about 1823. Tree vigorous, large, rather tall, an early and good bearer. Fruit below medium; roundish-obovate, pale yellow, covered with small brown dots and a few brown veins; stem short, rather stout; calyx large, open; flesh yellowish, buttery, juicy, rich, sugary, pleasantly aromatic; a fine late pear; Mar. to May.

=Vanderveer. 1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =1=:156. 1831.

Originated from seed of White Doyenné with Dr. Adrian Vanderveer of Long Island, and was named after the originator by William Prince. Tree vigorous, very productive. Fruit medium, yellow, with a tinge of russet; flesh melting, buttery; Sept.

=Varuna. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 44. 1866.

A seedling fruited by S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass., in 1862. Tree productive. Fruit turbinate, 3-1/2 inches wide, 4 inches long, greenish-yellow; core small; flesh white, juicy, slightly acid; Sept.

=Vauquelin. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =14=:112. 1848. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:723, fig. 889. 1869.

_Saint-Germain Vauquelin_. 3. _Pom. France_ 2:No. 65, Pl. 65. 1864.

Raised by M. Vauquelin, Rouen, Fr., from seed sown about 1816. Tree vigorous, pyramidal. Fruit medium to above, obovate-pyriform to oblong-obovate-pyriform, undulating in outline, yellow, brownish next the sun, with patches and traces of russet and russet dots; stem inserted without depression; calyx large, open; flesh white, very juicy, brisk; good; Dec. and Jan.

=Venusbrust. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:178. 1856.

Said to have originated in Thuringia about 1796. Tree upright, leafy, very productive; leaves large, truncate. Fruit roundish-turbinate, rather large, beautiful bright yellow, usually red next the sun, dotted with fine brown dots, russeted at both ends; calyx segments short; flesh coarse-grained, granular, aromatic, sweet; Dec. to Apr.

=Vergoldete oder wahre graue Dechantsbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:92. 1856.

Said to have originated in Austria about 1836. Tree an early bearer. Fruit small to above, roundish-turbinate, greenish-gray becoming golden, russeted and dotted with gray, very agreeable; Nov.

=Verguldete Herbstbergamotte. 1.= Christ _Handb._ 551. 1817.

A German variety. Fruit large, Bergamot-form; skin rough, yellow-brown and gray, golden-yellow when ripe; flesh tender, breaking and somewhat musky; end of Sept.

=Verlaine d'Été. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =7=:29, fig. 1859.

_Verlain._ =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 874. 1869.

First reported in 1823 as a seedling of Van Mons. The name _Verlaine d'Été_ has been applied to two other varieties, Flemish Beauty and _Bergamotte Heems_. The pear here described is distinct from the former but resembles the latter somewhat closely. Tree vigorous, productive, carrying its branches horizontal. Fruit medium, oblong, obovate-pyriform, pale yellow-orange in the sun, with patches and dots of brownish-red; stalk slender, inserted in a small cavity; calyx with short, stiff segments; flesh white, half-fine, melting, juicy, sweet, vinous; Sept.

=Vermillion d'en Haut. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:726, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 874. 1869.

Originated by M. Boisbunel, Rouen, Fr., and first reported in 1858. Tree moderately vigorous, productive, pyramidal. Fruit medium, turbinate-pyriform, olive-yellow, shaded with red in the sun; stem short, stout, inserted without depression; calyx large, open; flesh fine, melting, juicy, sweet; Sept.

=Vermont. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 874. 1869.

Supposed to be a seedling which is said to have been taken from Vermont to Oswego, N. Y., where it fruited. Tree upright. Fruit medium or below, obovate-pyriform, pale whitish-yellow, slight red in the sun, traced, netted and dotted with russet; stalk slender; cavity deep; calyx with erect segments; flesh whitish, juicy, melting, sweet, pleasant; good to very good; Oct.

=Vernusson. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:727, fig. 1869.

In 1694 this variety was mentioned as having been named after the place Vernusson in Anjou, near Angers, Fr. Fruit medium in size, turbinate, pale yellow, shaded with rose on the side next the sun, covered at the base and apex with brown; calyx medium, open; flesh white, very fine, melting, juicy, sweet, aromatic; of first quality; Dec. to middle of Feb.

=Verte-longue panachée. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:195, Pl. XXXVII. 1768. =2.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =1=:65, fig. 1853.

_Long Green Panache_. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 804. 1869.

A striped variety of Long Green of Autumn, differing from the original in having the wood and fruit striped with green and yellow bands, and in having the leaves occasionally striped with yellow.

=Verte-Longue de la Sarthe. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:732, fig. 1869.

_Grosse Verte-Longue Précoce de la Sarthe_. 2. Mas _Pom. Gen._ 5:79, fig. 1880.

A variety well known and esteemed for many years in the country around Mans in France. Fruit nearly medium, globular-conic, obtuse, bright green, speckled with grayish dots, often rather russeted toward the poles; at maturity the green changes to greenish-yellow; flesh whitish, fine, very melting, full of sugary juice, vinous and relieved with a refreshing savor; good; end of July.

=Verulam. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 805, fig. 1855. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 202. 1920.

A very old pear the origin of which is uncertain. Tree hardy, forming a round, spreading head, productive. Fruit rather large, almost oval, rough, entirely covered with yellowish-brown russet appearing almost black; stem woody; calyx open; flesh crisp, coarse-grained, assuming a fine red when cooked; seldom better than cooking quality; Jan. to Mar.

=Vezouzière. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 88. 1856. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:734, fig. 1869.

_Bergamotte von Vezouzière._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 177. 1889.

From information gathered by André Leroy from M. Hutin, manager of the nurseries of M. Léon Leclerc of Laval, it would seem that this variety was found by Léon Leclerc in a field near the Château de la Vezouzière, Mayenne, Fr. Tree vigorous, productive. Fruit medium to below, roundish-turbinate, yellowish, sprinkled with minute gray and green dots; stalk long, curved, inserted in a broad, shallow cavity; calyx open, persistent, in a wide, uneven basin; flesh very juicy, melting, sweet; agreeable; good to very good; Sept.

=Vicar Junior. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 92. 1872.

Hon. M. P. Wilder notes: "A seedling of my own from the Vicar of Winkfield. Large, long, ovate-pyriform, color dull yellow, with a few traces of russet, and a brownish, red cheek; in shape and color resembling Louise Bonne de Jersey more than its parent. Flesh melting, very juicy and tender, flavor acidulous and rich. 'Very good.' Season the whole month of October."

=Vice-Président Coppiers. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 3rd Ser. =37=:69. 1905.

A chance seedling raised by M. Coppiers of France. Fruit medium, regular-pyriform, brown, assuming an orange tint at maturity; stem moderately long; calyx slightly depressed; flesh delicate, with a slight almond flavor; Sept. and Oct.

=Vice-Président Decaye. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 294. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 101. 1895.

Tree of medium vigor, very productive. Fruit medium in size; flesh very fine, highly flavored, sweet; Sept. and Oct.

=Vice-Président Delbée. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 294. 1889. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 64. 1895.

Originated by M. Sannier, Rouen, Fr. Tree productive, of good vigor. Fruit medium to large, resembling Passe Crassane, borne in clusters; flesh fine, melting, of a peculiar flavor; through the winter.

=Vice-Président Delehoye. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:53, fig. 27. 1872.

Originated by M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. Tree of good vigor, an early bearer. Fruit medium, oval to oblong-turbinate, clear bright yellow; flesh melting, juicy, delicately aromatic; first; Oct. and Nov.

=Victor. 1.= _Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 235. 1886.

_Miller Victor._ =2.= _Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 235. 1886.

W. P. Stark of Missouri, one of the introducers of this variety, states that he received it from Judge S. Miller, who said that it originated in Chester County, Pa., about 1856. Tree said to be little affected by blight. Fruit large, pyriform, smooth, greenish-yellow, slightly blushed; dots numerous, small; flavor subacid to sweet; Sept.

=Victoria de Williams. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 112. 1876.

Of English origin. Tree hardy. Fruit large, turbinate, lemon-yellow, with patches of brownish-red; stem fleshy; flesh fine, very tender, melting, buttery, very juicy, richly flavored, finely perfumed; first; Oct.

=Victorina. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 59, 60. 1887. =2.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 170. 1894.

A Russian sort received from Russia by the Iowa Station in 1879 and again in 1882. It is described as a hardy tree free from blight or sun scald and is given two stars for productiveness and quality by Dr. Fischer of Voronesh, a German pomologist. In this country it is said to be of no commercial importance.

=Vigne. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:242, Pl. LVIII, fig. 2. 1768. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:736, fig. 1869.

_Vine Pear._ =3.= Mawe-Abercrombie _Univ. Gard. Bot._ 1778.

_Lady._ =4.= Prince _Pom. Man._ 1:59. 1831.

_Demoiselle._ =5.= Mas _Le Verger_ =3=:Pt. 2, 145, fig. 169. 1866-73.

Said to have originated in France, possibly near Anjou, prior to 1675. Tree large, vigorous, scraggly, very productive. Fruit small, turbinate, rough, dull red, covered with gray specks; calyx large, open; stem long, slender; flesh yellowish, slightly granular, juicy, well perfumed; Oct.

=Villain XIV. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:40. 1856.

Said to have originated in Belgium in 1825. Tree an early and heavy bearer. Fruit medium in size, variable, oblong-turbinate, unequal, greenish-yellow, strewn with fine russet dots; calyx small, open; stem thick, medium in length; flesh melting, gritty near the core, sweetly perfumed; Sept.

=Villéne de Saint-Florent. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:739, fig. 1869.

It is said that this variety, which was known prior to 1846, may have been originated near and named after the village of Saint-Florent near Saumur, Fr. Tree of medium productiveness. Fruit large, variable in shape from ovoid to globular, unequal, green dotted with reddish-gray; flesh breaking; a cooking pear; Oct.