Chapter V: Minor Varieties of Pears (9)

A seedling of Van Mons, Belgium, 1850. Fruit turbinate, inclining to pyriform, broad across the middle, yellowish-green changing to clear lemon-yellow, sometimes tinged with red next the sun; flesh white, melting, sweet, juicy, aromatic; very good; Oct.

=Fondante de la Roche. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:180, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 580. 1884.

Found on the property of M. Chesneau of la Haugrenière, in the Commune of Sainte-Gemmes-sur-Loire and named by the Horticultural Society of Maine-et-Loire. Fruit above medium, ovate, irregular, clear russet, washed with tender rose on the exposed cheek; flesh white, fine, melting, juicy, sugary, acidulous, aromatic, with an agreeable musky taste; first; Oct. and Nov.

=Fondante de Rome ou Sucré Romain. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =6=:45, fig. 402. 1880.

Origin uncertain. Fruit under medium, conic-pyriform, bright green changing to a beautiful golden-yellow, washed on the side of the sun with crimson-red; flesh yellowish, somewhat coarse, breaking, sweet and juicy; second; Aug.

=Fondante de Saint-Amand. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 94. 1876.

Belgian. Fruit medium, nearly spherical, orange-yellow slightly touched with russet; flesh fine, sugary, perfumed; first; Oct.

=Fondante-de-Septembre. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =15=:68. 1860. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:133, fig. 259. 1879.

Gained by Van Mons about 1824 or somewhat later. Fruit medium, globular-pyriform, dull green, speckled with very fine brown dots, changing to yellow and crimson at maturity; flesh green, transparent, very fine and melting, semi-buttery, full of sugary juice, pleasant and perfumed; first; Sept.

=Fondante Sickler. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:17, fig. 9. 1872. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 581. 1884.

Raised by Van Mons. Fruit small, ovate, sometimes a little pyriform; skin rather thick and firm, clear green, speckled with dots of a darker shade, passing when ripe to lemon-yellow and golden on the side of the sun, without any tinge of red; flesh yellowish-white, semi-fine, semi-buttery, gritty about the core; juice sufficient, sugary and musky; second; Sept. to Nov.

=Fondante de Thines. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =5=:185, fig. 381. 1880.

Distributed by the Society of Van Mons. Fruit medium, long-pyriform, very bright green changing to pale yellow, with a rosy blush; flesh white, with a tinge of yellow, very melting, plenty of sugary juice, with a delicate and agreeable flavor of musk; good; Oct.

=Fondante Thirriot. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 47, 266. 1895. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 175. 1920.

Obtained in 1858 by M. Thirriott, Charleville, Ardenne, Fr. Fruit rather large, pyriform, pale greenish-yellow, dotted with gray-brown; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, juicy, with an excellent flavor; first; Dec.

=Fondante Van Mons. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =12=:289, fig. 15. 1846. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 581. 1884.

Raised by Van Mons and introduced to this country by R. Manning, Salem, Mass. Fruit medium, globular, somewhat depressed; skin thin, delicate, smooth, removable like that of an orange when the pear is fully ripe and having a peculiar perfume and flavor, very agreeable to some persons; pale yellow, mottled with thin cinnamon-colored russet; flesh yellowish-white, buttery, sweet, melting, juicy, with a musky perfume; good; Oct. and Nov.

=Fondante de Wollmet. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 581. 1884.

Origin unknown. Fruit has some resemblance both in shape and color to Beurré de Rance, has the same coarseness of flesh, which has a greenish tinge under the skin, very juicy, rather crisp, with a fine brisk, vinous flavor; excellent; Nov.

=Fontarabie. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:182, fig. 1869.

A French pear mentioned by Le Lectier of Orléans in 1628, and Merlet in 1675. Fruit above medium, turbinate, obtuse, enlarged around the center, bright yellow, dotted with fine points of russet and extensively carmined on the side next the sun; flesh white, rather coarse, breaking, gritty at core, juicy, sugary, with an after-taste of musk; second, cooking only; Feb. to Apr.

=Foote Seckel. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 99. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 765. 1869.

Raised from seed of Seckel by Asahel Foote, Williamstown, Mass. Fruit small, oblate, obtuse-pyriform, yellow tinged with brownish-crimson on the side of the sun; flesh whitish, fine, juicy, melting, sugary, slightly vinous; very good; Sept.

=Ford. 1.= _Ford Seed Co. Cat._ 52, fig. 1914.

Originated with M. P. Ellison, Naples, N. Y., and was introduced by the Ford Seed Company about 1914. The tree is reported as healthy, a rapid grower, and an early and productive bearer; the fruit is similar in appearance to Bartlett and as large, practically free from seeds, with no core to speak of, rich, sweet, juicy, ripening three weeks later than Bartlett.

=Forme de Bergamotte Crassane. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:186, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 766. 1869.

A seedling of Van Mons which gave its first fruits in 1844. Fruit above medium, turbinate, slightly obtuse, yellowish-green, speckled with large gray-russet dots; flesh yellowish, rather fine, melting, juicy, sugary, vinous, aromatic; good; early Nov.

=Forme de Curtet. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3=:9, fig. 101. 1878.

A gain of Van Mons. Fruit small, exactly turbinate; skin fine, thin, bright green, sprinkled with very small grayish-green dots, changes on ripening to lemon-yellow, lightly tinged with red; flesh white, semi-fine and breaking; juice sufficient, sweet, slightly perfumed; second; Sept. and Oct.

=Forme de Délices. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 388. 1845. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 582. 1884.

A Flemish pear. Fruit medium, obovate, yellow, almost entirely covered with rather rough brown-russet; flesh tender, buttery, melting, with a rich, sweet flavor; an excellent dessert pear; Oct. and Nov.

=Fortune. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 143. 1866.

One of Dr. Shurtleff's seedlings raised at Brookline, Mass.; first fruited in 1866. Fruit small, turbinate, golden-yellow, with russet spots; flesh white, melting, juicy and very sweet; first; Oct.

=Fortunée. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 436. 1845.

_Bergamotte Fortunée._ =2.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =8=:29, fig. 1857.

_Fortunée de Printemps._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:188, fig. 1869.

A Belgian wilding found near Enghien in Hainaut; disseminated about 1830. Fruit small, globular or globular-turbinate; skin rough to the touch, deep yellow, covered with flakes and lines of brown-russet; flesh semi-melting, juicy, sweet; a cooking pear; May and June.

=Fortunée Boisselot. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:187, fig. 1869.

Raised from a bed of seeds of Fortunée by Auguste Boisselot, Nantes, Fr.; it gave its first fruit in 1861. Fruit large or above medium, turbinate, very obtuse and enlarged around center; skin thick and rough, greenish-yellow or yellow-ochre; flesh white, fine, melting, gritty around the core, juicy, sugary, delicate, somewhat aromatic; first; Jan. and Feb.

=Fortunée Supérieure. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:190. 1869.

This was obtained by M. Flon, Angers, Fr., about 1850 from a bed of seeds of Fortunée. In 1854 M. Flon submitted it to the Horticultural Society of Maine-et-Loire which found its flesh "very fine, very melting, agreeably perfumed and more free from acidity than the old pear Fortunée," and therefore gave it the name Fortunée Supérieure; Jan. to Apr.

=Fourcroy. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:192, fig. 1869.

Raised by Van Mons about 1810. Fruit medium, ovate-pyriform; skin thick, rather rough to the touch, yellow or yellowish-green, covered with gray-russet dots; flesh white, very sugary, agreeably perfumed; good and sometimes first; winter.

=Fouron. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:135, fig. 548. 1881.

French. Fruit medium, globular-ovate, dark olive-green, dotted with grayish-white spots, large and numerous; flesh yellowish, fine, melting, with abundant sugary juice, vinous, sprightly and musky; good; Oct.

=Franc-Réal. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:180. 1768. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:194, fig. 1869.

_Franc Réal d'Hiver._ =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 766. 1869.

Mentioned by Charles Estienne in 1540, and other French authorities of the seventeenth century. Fruit above medium and often larger, globular-turbinate and bossed, golden-yellow, strewed with large russet dots, and some brownish-red patches; flesh very white, breaking, juicy, hardly sweet, rather acid, without perfume; first for cooking; Nov. to Feb.

=Frances. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =11=:252. 1845.

A seedling raised by the Hon. H. W. Edwards of New Haven, Conn., and first published in 1845. Similar to Virgouleuse, rather large, and not so sweet.

=Franchimont. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 766. 1869.

Supposed French origin. Fruit below medium, globular-oblate, yellow shaded with red in the sun, netted and patched with russet, many russet dots; flesh yellowish, juicy, semi-melting, sweet, slightly aromatic; good or very good; Sept. and Oct.

=Franchipanne. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:210, Pl. XLVII, fig. 2. 1768. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 582. 1884.

_Frangipane._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:196, fig. 1869.

This is the Franchipanne of Duhamel but not of Merlet, 1690, as Hogg and Leroy prove. Its origin is uncertain. Fruit medium or above, obtuse-pyriform, yellowish-green or lemon-yellow, dotted and veined with russet, dark deep red next the sun; flesh greenish-white, semi-fine and semi-melting, juicy, tender, buttery, perfume supposed to resemble Frangipani, a scent invented by the Marquis of that name; a dessert pear; Oct. and Nov.

=Francis. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 43. 1866.

A seedling raised by Dr. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass., which fruited in 1862. Fruit medium, turbinate; skin tough and rather liable to crack, dark green; flesh fine-grained, white and delicate, with a flavor inclining to that of White Doyenné; first; Nov.

=Francis Dana. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 80. 1877.

One of several seedling plants given by Francis Dana to Eliphalet Stone who in 1877 showed its fruit. Fruit medium, globular-acute-pyriform, clear lemon-yellow, with tracings of thin russet; flesh buttery, juicy, good quality but not up to best; Sept.

=François Hutin. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 92. 1895.

Fruit very large, long-turbinate, dark yellow; flesh fine, white, melting, juicy, sugary, acid; Oct.

=Frangipane d'Hiver. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:105, fig. 533. 1881.

Origin unknown. Is not to be confused with Franchipanne, a smaller ball pear. Fruit large, turbinate, much swelled at center; skin thin, intense green, sprinkled with numerous dots of a darker shade, changing to lemon-yellow at maturity, with some blush of brown-red or orange-red; flesh white, breaking, not very sweet, somewhat acidulous, with an aromatic flavor; suitable for kitchen use; all through the winter.

=Frankenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:173. 1856.

Würtemberg, Germany, 1830. Fruit medium, oval-obtuse, variable, bossed, grass-green changing to golden-yellow, blushed with reddish-brown; flesh whitish, breaking, fairly soft, very aromatic, acidulous, sweet; good; Sept.

=Frankfurter Birne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:145. 1856.

Baden, Germany, 1847. Fruit large, variable in form, often oblique, dirty yellow, brilliant red on the sun-touched side; flesh breaking, coarse-grained, very sweet and juicy; good; Sept.

=Frau Louise Goethe. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 3rd Ser. =25=:132. 1899.

Raised from a seed of Bergamotte Espéren, in the Horticultural School of Geisenheim in 1882. Fruit medium, Bergamot-shaped; skin thick, coarse, dark green, covered with fine warts, becoming a clouded yellow when ripe, with russety patches; flesh clouded yellow, sometimes salmon colored, juicy, sweet, aromatic, with an aroma reminiscent of the orange; winter.

=Frederic Leclerc. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:198, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man_. 583. 1884.

Raised in 1846 at Ghent, Bel., by Louis Berckmans. Fruit below medium, short-pyriform-obtuse, one side always less curved than the other, greenish-yellow, dotted, striped, veined and stained with fawn; flesh whitish, fine, semi-melting, slightly gritty; juice sugary, rich; second and sometimes first when its juice is abundant; Dec. and Jan.

=Frédéric de Wurtemberg. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 173. 1832. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:199, fig. 1869.

_Médaille d'Or._ =3.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =1=:91, fig. 1853.

_Herbstsylvester._ =4.= Lauche _Deut. Pom._ =2=:No. 82, No. 82. 1883.

Van Mons raised this variety from seed of the fourth generation about 1812 and named it _Sylvester d'Hiver_ after a secretary by the name of Sylvester. Upon the request of Frederick I, King of Württemburg, the pear was dedicated to that monarch and named Frédéric de Wurtemberg. Still further confusion arose in America when Knight of England sent to the Hon. John Lowell of Massachusetts this fruit, by mistake, under the name of _Capiaumont_. It was cultivated in the vicinity of Boston by that name for some time. Tree vigorous, upright, an early and excellent bearer; leaves roundish, broad, flat, entire. Fruit large, one-sided, obtuse-pyriform, deep yellow, marbled and dotted with red on the shaded side and of a most beautiful, bright crimson next the sun; stem medium, sometimes appearing a continuation of the fruit; calyx medium, partially open, placed even with the surface; flesh white, fine, juicy, melting, sweet and when in perfection buttery and good; Sept.

=Frederica Bremer. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =16=:24, fig. 1. 1850. =2.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =7=:81, fig. 1859.

Introduced by J. C. Hastings of Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1848 at the exhibition of the Pomological Convention of New York. Fruit above medium, globular-turbinate; skin very smooth, shining, dull green reminding one of many poor pears but on ripening becomes a fine citron, dotted with brown-russet and slightly colored with red on the side of the sun; flesh white, fine, buttery, sweet and vinous, slightly perfumed; one of the best; Oct.

=Fremion. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:73. 1856.

French, 1807. Bergamot type. Fruit small, globular, symmetrical, light green changing to light lemon-yellow, faintly blushed; flesh agreeable, buttery, gritty near the center, aromatic, sweet, acidulous; good; Oct.

=Frensdorff rothe Flaschenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:140. 1856.

Nassau, Bel., 1833. Fruit medium, smooth and shining, light yellow, blushed; flesh very juicy, sweet, with flavor of cinnamon; good; Sept.

=Florimond Parent. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:164, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 762. 1869.

A seedling of Van Mons raised about 1846. Fruit large, long, more or less obtuse, always contracted near the summit and much swelled in its lower part, dark yellow clouded with pale green, dotted and mottled with fawn and slightly washed with dark violet-red on the side exposed to the sun, sometimes also covered with small, black and scaly stains; flesh whitish, coarse, rather melting, gritty at center; juice abundant, sweet, sugary, wanting in perfume; third; Sept.

=Frühe Backhausbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:161. 1856.

Nassau, Bel., 1806. Fruit medium, globular-ovate, yellowish, light green changing to pale yellow, often blushed; flesh granular, rather astringent, sourish, musky, good for any situation; Aug. and Sept.

=Frühe Schweizer Bergamotte. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:76. 1856. =2.= Oberdieck _Obst-Sort._ 241. 1881.

Holland, 1804. Fruit fairly large, variable in form, often ovate, ventriculous-turbinate, and often pyriform, yellowish-light green changing to lemon-yellow, sprinkled with green and yellow-gray dots, marked with russet and often with fine yellow-gray russet on the side exposed to the sun; flesh snow-white, buttery, melting, very juicy, acidulous and aromatic; first; Aug.

=Fuller. 1.= _Gard. Mon._ 302. 1885. =2.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 213. 1897.

Originated in Madison, O., about 1885. Fruit similar in size, form and season to Beurré Giffard but not quite so good. It is, however, claimed that it is a better grower and less liable to crack; greenish-yellow; Aug.

=Fullero. 1.= _Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 82. 1886.

Fruit rather large, greenish, with some dull red on the sunny side; first; early summer.

=Fulton. 1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:214. 1832. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 768, fig. 1869.

Originated on the farm of a Mr. Fulton in Brunswick, Me. Exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1829. Fruit medium, globular-turbinate, dark yellow, russeted; flesh, if picked and matured in the house, buttery, melting, full of rich juice. If allowed to remain on the tree it becomes breaking, dry and without flavor. A peculiarity of this pear first discovered by Manning in 1840 is that the fruits after they have attained half their size, are in good eating condition after lying a day or two; second; Oct.

=Fusée d'Automne. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:203, figs. 1869.

Origin ancient and obscure, but probably the neighborhood of Eisleben, Saxony. Fruit often above medium and often much less, very long, conic, bossed, golden-yellow or clear yellow, rather greenish, dotted with russet; flesh whitish, semi-fine and semi-melting, exempt from grit; juice rather lacking, sweet; third; Sept.

=Fusée d'Hiver. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:205, fig. 1869.

First described by Merlet in 1690. Fruit above medium and sometimes less, long and bossed, somewhat obtuse, wrinkled, clear green, freely dotted, mottled with gray-russet; flesh white, semi-melting; juice abundant, rather sugary, slightly acid, without pronounced scent; third; Feb. and Mar.

=Gabourell Seedling. 1.= Field _Pear Cult._ 280. 1858. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:208, fig. 1869.

Originated in early half of last century. Fruit below medium, globular, bossed, mammillate, yellowish-green, speckled with gray dots; flesh yellowish, coarse, breaking, gritty; juice rather lacking, sweet, vinous, slightly perfumed; third; Nov. to Jan.

=Gakovsky. 1.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Hort. Man._ =2=:246. 1903.

Introduced from Russia in 1879. Tree extremely hardy. Fruit medium, pyriform, greenish-yellow, stem long; flesh dingy white, fine-grained, buttery, juicy, mild, vinous, but not rich; good.

=Galston Muirfowl Egg. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 583. 1884.

Scotch. Fruit below medium, short-obovate, flattened at calyx, greenish-yellow, covered with thin, pale-brown russet, mottled with red on the side of the sun; flesh yellowish, tender, sweet and juicy, with a peculiar aroma; excellent; Sept.

=Gans. 1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 390, Pl. VII. 1891.

Found by Joseph Gans in a wood near Cheviot, O., in 1871. Fruit large, pyriform, yellow, with faint brownish cheek on sunny side; stem slender, rather long, in a slight depression; calyx open, in a shallow basin; flesh tender, melting, juicy; Aug.

=Gänsekopf. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:148. 1856.

North German, 1773. Fruit medium, conic, smooth and shining, green, changing to yellow, with brownish-red blush; flesh breaking, juicy, sweet, aromatic; first; Oct. and Nov.

=Gansel Bergamot. 1.= Brookshaw _Pomona_ =2=:Pl. L. 1817. =2.= _Pom. Mag._ =1=:35, Pl. 1828.

_Diamant-peer._ =3.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =1=:92, 135. 1771.

_Bergamote Gansel._ =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:239, fig. 1867.

Raised from seed of Autumn Bergamot by Lieutenant-General Gansel near Colchester, Eng., in 1768. Fruit medium, globular-oblate, greenish-yellow on the shaded side, reddish-brown on the side of the sun, dotted and marbled with russet, sometimes washed with red; flesh white, buttery, melting, a little gritty around the core; juice abundant, sugary, vinous, slightly musky and acid; first; Oct. and Nov.

=Gansel Late Bergamot. 1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 369. 1854. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 294. 1866.

_Bergamotte Tardive de Gansel._ =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =3=:Pt. 1, 125, fig. 61. 1866-73.

Gansel Late Bergamot was raised from seed by a Mr. Williams, Pitmaston, Eng. Fruit similar in shape and size to Gansel Bergamot, green, thickly covered with russet dots and freckles which sometimes form patches, yellow-green when ripe, flesh white, rather coarse and gritty, not very juicy nor melting in England; in France and America, however, it seems to become more juicy, melting and rich, vinous and highly perfumed; good to very good; Nov. and Dec.

=Garnier. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:209, fig. 1869.

_Besi Garnier._ =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 506. 1884.

From a seed bed made by M. Garnier, Bouvardière, near Nantes, Fr.; first published in 1851. Fruit large, pyriform-obtuse, skin rough, thick, green, orange-yellow when ripe, washed with brick-red on the side of the sun; dotted and mottled with brown-russet; flesh white, semi-fine, breaking, rather granular, juicy, sugary; second.

=Garnons. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 161. 1841.

Fruit large, oblong, greenish-yellow, flesh buttery and excellent; second; Jan.

=Gassenbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 150, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyriform, symmetrical in contour, green changing to yellow at maturity, covered with gray-brown russet, dotted with brown-russet; flesh yellowish-white, rather coarse texture, very juicy and subacid; Oct. to Dec.

=Gaston du Puys. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 93. 1895.

Distributed by M. Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel. Fruit medium; flesh white, very fine, melting, sufficiently sweet and perfumed; good; Nov.

=Gaudry. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 585. 1884.

Fruit small, globular-ovate, even in outline, straw-colored, covered with russet dots and patches; flesh white, melting, juicy, brisk, vinous and sweet, with a pleasant rose-water flavor; good; Oct. and Nov.

=Géant. 1.= Field _Pear Cult._ 280. 1858. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:210, fig. 1869.

Probably of French origin. Cataloged in this country by T. W. Field in 1858. Fruit medium, globular-turbinate; skin wrinkled, thick, dark green speckled with gray-russet and almost entirely stained with brown; flesh whitish, coarse, breaking, watery, very gritty around the core; juice sugary, vinous, slightly perfumed; third.

=Gefleckte Pomeranzenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:156. 1856.

Hesse, Germany, 1833. Fruit small, globular, flattened at poles; skin rough, yellow, often green, marbled with russet, blushed, dotted with russet; semi-melting, granular, very aromatic; Sept.

=Gefleckte Sommerrusselet. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:42. 1856.

Nassau, Bel., 1807. Fruit small, globular, shortened, blunt, symmetrical; skin rough, often entirely covered with russet and blushed; flesh very juicy, coarse-grained, sweet and acid, melting and aromatic; first; Sept.

=Gefundene. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:91. 1856.

Belgian, Van Mons, 1833. Fruit small, light yellow, often entirely covered with russet, free from dots; flesh fine, strongly aromatic, with scent of cinnamon, sweet; Sept.

=Geigenschnabel. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:195. 1856.

Württemberg, Ger., 1830. Fruit medium, pyriform, uneven in outline, entirely covered with yellowish-gray russet; good; Oct.

=Geishirtle. 1.= Christ _Handb._ 548. 1817.

Fruit large, shaped like Winter Rousselet, green with brownish-red blush on the sun-touched side; flesh soft, breaking, sweet, juicy, with perfume of the Rousselets; Aug.

=Gelbe frühe Sommerapothekerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:177. 1856.

Of French origin, 1807. Fruit medium and above; skin glazed and smooth, greenish-yellow changing to lemon-yellow, with red blush on the side of the sun; flesh yellowish-white, gritty, soft; good; Aug.

=Gelbe Fürsten-Tafelbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:54. 1856.

Widely diffused in Germany. Probably originated in that country about 1766. Fruit medium, rather shortened-pyriform, whitish-yellow changing to golden-yellow, with pale blush, green dots; flesh yellowish-white, mild, breaking, full of juice and sugar; first; Sept.

=Gelbe Heckenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:161. 1856.

Grown along the Rhine, Germany. Fruit small, turbinate, broad, light green changing to yellowish-green, often lightly blushed, russeted; flesh greenish-white, rather granular, acid, vinous, breaking; first; Sept.

=Gelbe Holzbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 80, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit medium, globular-conic; skin firm, shining yellow when ripe, speckled with numerous green markings and finely dotted with russet; flesh yellowish-white, granular, very juicy, astringent, subacid; good for transportation; Oct.

=Gelbe Landlbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 152, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit small to medium, long-pyriform, rather obtuse; skin firm, green turning yellow, dotted with russet; flesh whitish, coarse, very juicy, astringent and subacid; good for transportation; Oct. and Nov.

=Gelbe langstielige Alantbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:140. 1856.

German Rheinland. Fruit medium and above, somewhat gourd-shaped; skin smooth and thin, uniformly lemon-yellow, somewhat marked with russet; flesh yellowish-white, wanting in juice, sweet, aromatic; third for table, good for market; Sept.

=Gelbe Laurentiusbirne. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 218. 1889.

_Saint-Laurent Jaune._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:39, 212. 1879.

This pear was known in Saxony early in the nineteenth century. Fruit medium, conic, uniform in contour, its largest diameter being below the center; skin rather thick, green at first sprinkled with dots of gray-green changing at maturity to bright citron-yellow, golden on the side of the sun of fruits well exposed, washed with a blush of dull red; flesh white, coarse, semi-breaking, gritty near the core, juicy, sweet, saccharine, but little flavor; second; Aug.

=Gelbe Leutsbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 106, fig. 1913.

A Lower-Austrian perry pear. Fruit small, long-pyriform, diminishing to the stalk, sides unequal; light green turning yellow when ripe, russet dots; flesh juicy and subacid; first for keeping and transportation; Oct.

=Gelbe Scheibelbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 82, fig. 1913.

An Austrian pear producing a good and clear perry. Fruit medium to large, globular, flattened at both poles, green changing to yellow at maturity, dotted with grayish-white; flesh yellow-white, coarse-grained, with a sweet and acid flavor; good; Oct. and Nov.

=Gelbe Wasserbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 12, fig. 1913.

A perry pear grown in Lower Austria. Fruit small to medium, globular-obtuse but diminishing toward stalk in upper part, yellow-green, slightly blushed on the sun-touched side, and speckled on the shaded side with dark green dots; flesh whitish, juicy, very sweet and slightly acidulous; good for transportation; Sept.

=Gelbmostler. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 108, fig. 1913.

A perry or wine pear grown in Austria and northern Switzerland. Fruit medium to fairly large, globular and diminishing rather acutely to the stalk, greenish-yellow changing to light yellow, often slightly blushed, speckled with russet dots; flesh yellowish-white, coarse-grained, juicy, very astringent, quickly becomes over-ripe; Sept.

=Gemeine Kochbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 154, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit small, globular-conic, green changing to greenish-yellow at maturity, occasionally with a dark red blush on the sun-exposed side; flesh yellowish-white, very juicy, saccharine, astringent and acidulous; Oct. and Nov.

=Gemeine Pfundbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:187. 1856.

Upper-Austria, 1851. Fruit above medium, globular-turbinate, medium convex, bossed, green turning to light yellow; flesh breaking, wanting in juice, sweet; third for dessert, best for culinary use; Oct. to Dec.

=Général de Bonchamp. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:211, fig. 1869. =2.= _Horticulturist_ =30=:2. 1875.

A seedling found on the estate of M. Panneton, Coteau, Maine-et-Loire, Fr. Fruit medium, variable in form, oblong-pyriform or globular-turbinate, dull greenish-yellow, dotted with russet; flesh white, melting, buttery, fine-grained, juicy, sweet, rich, aromatic; good to first; Aug.

=Général Bosquet. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:213, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 770. 1869.

Obtained by M. Flon-Grolleau, Angers, Fr. The seed bed from which the tree sprang was made in 1845. Fruit large, conic, very long, rather swelled at the base and narrowed at the upper end; skin thick, grass-green, dotted and mottled with fawn and often bearing some small brownish stains; flesh whitish, fine, semi-melting or melting, rather granular at center; juice abundant, sweet, vinous, delicate; second; Sept. and Oct.

=Général Canrobert. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:214, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 770. 1869.

From a bed of the seeds of Saint-Germain made about 1843 by M. Robert, Angers, Fr. Fruit medium, long-conic and irregular, golden-yellow, dotted, marbled and stained with russet, washed with brown around the calyx and stem; flesh white, fine, melting and juicy, the juice being abundant, sweet, acid, rich and aromatic; first, though very exceptionally second when it has no flavor; Jan. and Feb.

=Général Delage. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:155, fig. 270. 1879.

A gain of Van Mons about 1823. Fruit medium, conic-pyriform, clear green, speckled with gray, changing to pale yellow at maturity, tinged with dark red on the side of the sun; flesh white, fine, buttery, melting, full of slightly sugary juice, refreshing and somewhat musky.

=Général Dutilleul. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:215, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 585. 1884.

A seedling of Van Mons. Fruit medium to large, pyramidal, uneven in outline, deep golden yellow, extensively washed with bright crimson where it is exposed to the sun; flesh firm, not very juicy, sweet, of good flavor; good; Sept.

=Général Duvivier. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:217, fig. 1869.

_Beurré Duvivier._ =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 688. 1869.

Raised from seed by M. Boisbunel, Rouen, Fr., in 1845. Fruit medium, long-conic, slightly obtuse, greenish-yellow, finely dotted and reticulated with russet, washed sometimes with dark red on the side facing the sun; flesh whitish, fine, semi-melting, watery, not gritty; juice plentiful, sugary, acidulous, aromatic, delicate; first; Mar.

=General Kearney. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 43. 1866.

A seedling raised by S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass., which fruited in 1862. Fruit large, pyriform, greenish-yellow; flesh fine-grained, juicy, of rather high flavor; a good market pear; Sept.

=General Lamoricière. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =18=:296, fig. 22. 1852.

According to Leroy this name is synonymous with _Beurré Citron_. Mas, however, thought that _Beurré Citron_ was quite different. Fruit medium, obtuse-pyramidal, greenish-yellow, much reticulated and spotted and patched with russet; flesh greenish-white, fine, melting, tender, buttery; juice abundant, sugary, vinous and perfumed; first; Sept. to Nov.

=General Sherman. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 43. 1866.

A seedling of Dr. Shurtleff's submitted to the committee on fruits of the Horticultural Society of Massachusetts in 1866. "Fruited in 1856. Diam. 2-3/4 in.; flesh white, melting, breaking and juicy; November to December, turbinate."

=General Taylor. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =20=:75, 269. 1854.

Introduced by L. N. Rogers, Baltimore, Md., the original tree having been found by him at Franklin, Md., in 1854. Fruit medium or under, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, yellow but practically all cinnamon-russet; flesh yellowish-white, granular, buttery, melting, sweet, highly flavored; good to very good; Oct. and Nov.

=Général Thouvenin. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 93. 1895.

Origin unknown. Fruit medium, greenish; flesh rather yellow, fine, melting, juicy, very sugary and pleasantly perfumed; Dec.

=Général Totleben. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =8=:57, fig. 1860. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 177. 1920.

M. Fontaine de Ghélin, Mons, Bel., raised this variety from a seed bed made in 1839. Fruit large or very large, pyriform, slightly contorted, one side often rather longer than the other, yellow, covered with dots and patches of russet; flesh tinted with salmon-rose, melting, juicy, with a rich, sugary and perfumed juice; excellent; Nov. to Jan.

=General Wauchope. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 3rd Ser. =30=:474, fig. 144. 1901.

Raised about 1888 by Charles Ross, gardener to Captain Carstairs, Welford Park, Newbury, Eng., from a cross of Nec Plus Meuris and Duchesse d'Angoulême. Fruit moderate size, obtuse-pyriform, very regular, yellowish-green, with fine spotting; flesh soft, free from grit, rich, sweet, somewhat of the flavor Nec Plus Meuris; Dec.

=Gensbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 32, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry and wine pear. Fruit medium, long-pyriform, diminishing toward the stalk from the center; skin tolerably fine and shining yellow when ripe, densely and finely dotted with russet; flesh white, coarse-grained, juicy, subacid, astringent; Sept.

=George Augustus. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 91. 1872.

A seedling exhibited to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1872 by Francis Dana. Fruit similar to Winter Nelis, but larger and more oblong, and not quite so rich.

=Georges Delebecque. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 104. 1895.

Raised from seed of Joséphine de Malines and distributed by Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel. Fruit medium, having some resemblance to Urbaniste, yellow, dotted with fawn and bronzed around the stem; flesh sometimes very salmon-colored, melting, with a slight perfume of rose; a good pear for the amateur; tree of moderate vigor and very fertile; Dec. and Jan.

=Gerando. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =23=:161, fig. 9. 1857.

Received by C. M. Hovey in 1845 from M. Jamin of Paris. Fruit large, globular-obovate; skin rather rough, dull greenish-russet, with a mottled yellow and light russet tinge when mature, thickly covered with conspicuous dark russet specks; flesh yellowish-white, coarse, melting and juicy, rich, sugary and slightly perfumed; good; Sept. and Oct.

=Gérardine. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3=:119, fig. 156. 1878.

Obtained by M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel., early in the nineteenth century. Fruit medium, turbinate, more or less short and swelled, reducing to a point at the top; skin thick, firm, intense green dotted with large brown specks, changing to dark yellow at maturity, with golden-russet on the side of the sun and some red blush; flesh white, rather fine, buttery, melting, gritty about the center, full of rich sugary juice, vinous and highly scented; Nov.

=Gerdessen. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:61, fig. 223. 1879.

According to Diel, this variety was obtained by the Pastor Gerdessen of Weigsdorf, in the Oberlausitz, Ger. Fruit rather small or nearly medium, almost spherical, even in contour, the greatest diameter being at the center, intense and somber green, without any russet; flesh yellow, rather fine, buttery; juice sufficient in quantity and richly saccharine, vinous and highly perfumed; first; Sept.

=Gerippte Pomeranzenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:156. 1856.

Nassau, Bel., 1833. Fruit small, orange-form, ribbed, a good yellow, lightly blushed with red; flesh juicy, semi-melting, cinnamon-flavored, sweet; second for dessert, good for the market; Sept.

=Gernröder Pomeranzenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:160. 1856.

Central Germany, 1773. Fruit small, flattened, green changing to yellowish, faintly blushed, speckled with gray; flesh greenish-white, tender; good; Oct. and Nov.

=Gestreiffe Winter-Apothekerbirne. 1.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 132. 1825.

Fruit large; form that of Bon-Chrétien d'Été, light yellow, streaked, aromatic, sugary; good; Feb. to Apr.

=Ghellinck de Walle. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 3rd Ser. =11=:24. 1892.

Raised in the garden of M. Ghellinck de Walle near Ghent, Bel., described as new. Fruit medium, oblong-obovate, yellowish, speckled with russet; flesh creamy-white, melting, juicy, sugary, slightly acid and delicately perfumed. Said by M. Pynaert to be one of the best autumn pears; Nov.

=Gibb. 1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =332=:482. 1913.

Raised from seed sent by Charles Gibb from Mongolia to Prof. Budd at Ames, Ia. Said to be very hardy and productive, coming into bearing when young. Fruit about the size of Bartlett, pyriform, nearly equal to Bartlett in quality, according to Prof. Budd. Seems to be of a better quality than most oriental pears.

=Gilain. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 71. 1876. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3=:33, fig. 113. 1878.

A gain of M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit medium, pyriform, pale green changing to yellow, a warm gold and sometimes red on the side next the sun; flesh white, fine, buttery, melting, rather gritty near the core; juice sufficient, sugary and perfumed; good; Sept.

=Gilles ô Gilles. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:222, fig. 1869. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 219. 1889.

_Girogile._ =3.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 177. 1920.

A French pear of very ancient and uncertain origin. Jean Bauhin in his _Historia Plantarum_, 1580, wrote of a pear which appears to be identical with this and said that in Burgundy it was styled a _Poire de Livre_ or _Pound Pear_. Le Lectier in his catalog of 1628 and Merlet as well as Claude Saint-Etienne and La Quintinye also mention it though spelling it variously. Fruit large to very large, nearly spherical; calyx large, open, set in deep basin; skin thick, pale dull green, washed with brown-red on the face exposed to the sun, much covered with thin brown-russet; flesh greenish-white, semi-fine and semi-breaking, rarely gritty, very juicy, saccharine and sweet, without much perfume, occasionally spoiled by too much acerbity; third; cooking; Nov. to Feb.

=Giram. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:151, fig. 74. 1866-73.

A wilding found on the estate of Giram at Uryosse, Fr., and propagated by Dr. Doat. Fruit nearly medium, pyriform, sometimes rather turbinate; skin thick and firm, green, sprinkled with large dots of greenish-brown, becomes yellowish-green at maturity and blushed with red on the sun-exposed side; flesh very fine, tender, melting, very juicy, sugary and agreeably perfumed; first; Aug.

=Girardon. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:225, fig. 1869.

According to Diel this pear was raised in Paris by a M. Girandoux whose name Leroy identifies with Girardon. It seems to have dated from about the beginning of the nineteenth century. Fruit below medium, globular, flattened and deeply depressed at both poles, one side rather less swelled than the other; skin wrinkled, yellowish-green, dotted with clear brown and almost entirely mottled and reticulated with dark russet; flesh white, semi-fine and semi-melting, rather granular; juice very abundant, saccharine, acidulous, very musky; second; late Sept.

=Glace d'Hiver. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =5=:67, fig. 322. 1880.

_Winter Eisbirne._ =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 300. 1889.

Belgian. Fruit medium, globular-conic; skin rather thick, a lively green sprinkled with brown dots, changing to lemon-yellow, often golden on the side of the sun; flesh whitish, fine, breaking; juice sufficient, sugary, without appreciable perfume; good; end of winter.

=Glastonbury. 1.= _Jour. Hort._ N. S. =22=:73, 99, 126. 1872. =2.= Bunyard-Thomas _Fr. Gard._ 140. 1904.

The _Benedictine_ of the English or Glastonbury pear, apparently originated as a wilding with W. G. L. Lovell, Glastonbury, Eng., but Bunyard believes it to be an old sort introduced by the monks. Grafts were first taken from the tree in 1862. Fruit large, oblong-obovate, russeted; flesh yellowish, melting, juicy, aromatic; Oct.

=Gleck. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 93. 1895.

Distributed by M. Niemetz, Winnitsa, Russia, and on trial with Simon-Louis Bros. at Metz in 1895. Fruit medium or large, green changing to yellow at maturity; flesh rather tart in flavor, juicy, good for drying as it diminishes little in volume; it makes good cider; Sept. and Oct.

=Gliva. 1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 61. 1880.

A Russian pear imported by J. L. Budd, from the northern steppes where the summers are "fully as dry and hot as ours and the winter far more severe." It shows marked traces of the Chinese forms of the pear in shape, serration, thickness and size of leaf and in the peculiar enlarged character of the scaly, terminal buds.

=Gloire de Cambron. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:226, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 772. 1869.

Probably derives its name from the famous Abbey of Cambron near Mons in Hainaut, Bel. It was in France early in the nineteenth century. Fruit below medium, acute-pyriform, generally rather contorted in the lower part, yellow-ochre in color, dotted with very fine gray-russet points; flesh white, semi-fine, breaking, dry and gritty, sweet and rather delicate in flavor; third; Nov.

=Gloward. 1.= Field _Pear Cult._ 280. 1858. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:228, fig. 1869.

Possibly of English origin. It was cultivated in the garden of the Horticultural Society of Angers, Fr., in 1838. Fruit medium and above; form rather variable but always ovate, more or less long, irregular, bossed, clear green sprinkled with grayish dots and a little stained with russet; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, watery, some grit around the core; juice sugary, very refreshing, rather savory; second; Oct.

=Gnoico. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:229, fig. 1869.

Italian, with the place of its origin in the old principality of Parma. Fruit below medium, long, obtuse-pyriform, whitish-gray on the shaded side, very clear dull green on the other face, dotted with russet, washed occasionally with fawn around the stalk and partially covered with a light bluish efflorescence; flesh greenish-white, fine, dense, breaking or semi-breaking, watery, almost exempt from grit; juice abundant and sugary, with a flavor of anis; Aug.

=Goat-herd. 1.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:131. 1908.

On trial in the experimental orchard at Agassiz, B. C., in 1900. Fruit small, acute-pyriform, green, russeted, flesh red, buttery, juicy, subacid; mid-season.

=Gogal. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1920.

Originated by N. E. Hansen, Brookings, S. D., from Parrot crossed by _Pyrus ovoidea_, and introduced by him in 1919.

=Gold Dust. 1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =332=:482. 1913.

Fruit of Bergamot shape, with slender stem; skin very rough; Oct.

=Gold Nugget. 1.= Stark Bros. _Cat._ 28, fig. 1916.

This pear originated with F. H. Davis, Esmeralda, Cal., in the early seventies. A few years ago Stark Bros., Louisiana, Mo., secured control of the variety and introduced it to the trade in 1916. Tree vigorous, healthy, productive; fruit large, roundish-obovate-pyriform; skin thick; flesh fine-grained, juicy, with a honey-sweet flavor; ripens late.

=Goldbirne. 1.= Christ _Handb._ 544. 1817. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:48. 1856.

Austrian, 1851. Fruit small, conic, beautiful light yellow; skin thin, light red blush; flesh semi-breaking, sweet, with muscatel flavor; best; beginning of Oct.

=Goldbordirte Holzbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:196. 1856.

Classed by Dochnahl among varieties of special character. The tree has its leaves bordered with gold. Fruit small; flesh firm, insipid.

=Golden Bell. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 43. 1866.

A seedling fruited by S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass., in 1862. Tree prolific. Fruit medium, pyriform, golden-yellow; flesh fine, with good flavor; Sept.

=Golden Beurré of Bilboa. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 177. 1832. =2.= Hovey _Fr. Am._ =1=:99, Pl. 1851.

_Beurré Doré de Bilboa._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:351, fig. 1867.

Imported to this country from Bilboa, Spain, in 1821 by J. Hooper, Marblehead, Mass. Fruit medium to large, obovate-pyriform, golden-yellow, speckled evenly with small, brown dots, and slightly marked with russet; flesh yellowish-white, fine, melting, very buttery, vinous and excellent flavor; first; Sept.

=Golden June. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1920.

Originated with Joe Houghlin, near Bloomfield, Ky., and introduced by Sunny Slope Nursery, Hannibal, Mo. Tree reported about 75 years old. Fruit said to have a small core, to be delicious and to ripen about June 20th.

=Golden Knap. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 587. 1884.

Grown extensively in the orchards of the border countries of Scotland. The name is a corruption of Golden Knob, the shape being that of a small knob. Fruit very small, globular-turbinate, russety, of no particular merit.

=Golden Queen. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 587. 1884.

Raised at the Royal Gardens, Frogmore, near Windsor, Eng., and was first exhibited in 1872. Fruit small, obovate, straw-colored, strewed with a few minute dots; flesh very tender and extremely juicy, sweet and highly perfumed; a delicious pear but when ripe speedily rots at the core; Sept.

=Golden Russet. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 587. 1884.

A seedling raised at the Royal Gardens, Frogmore, near Windsor, Eng., and first exhibited in 1863; entirely distinct from Japan Golden Russet, which bears the same name as a synonym. Fruit small, obtuse-obovate, bright cinnamon-russet; flesh yellow, fine-grained, buttery and melting, juicy, sweet and with a flavor resembling that of Marie Louise; an excellent little pear; Oct.

=Goldwörther Lederbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 156, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit small to medium, turbinate, diminishing rather acutely to the stalk, green covered with dark brown-russet; flesh yellow-green, coarse, saccharine, with an unpleasant acidity; very good for transport; Oct. and Nov.

=Gönnersche Birne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:28. 1856.

Hesse, Ger., 1806. Fruit almost medium, turbinate, light green changing to greenish-yellow, often with a rather pale blush; flesh granular and rather coarse; second; Sept.

=Goodale. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 773, fig. 1869. =2.= Ont. Dept. Agr. _Fr. Ont._ 163, figs. 1914.

Raised by E. Goodale, Saco, Me., from seed of the McLaughlin. Fruit large, oblong-obovate-pyriform, green, yellowing at maturity, shaded with crimson and fawn in the sun, slightly netted and patched with russet and sprinkled with small russet dots; flesh white, fine, rather gritty at core, juicy, sweet, pleasant, perfumed, slightly vinous; fair for dessert; first for market; Oct.

=Got. 1.= Field _Pear Cult._ 280. 1858. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:231, fig. 1869.

Origin unknown. According to Leroy this variety has been cultivated in Belgium ever since 1855. Fruit above medium; form rather variable, passing from long-conic and slightly obtuse to ovate, a little swelled; skin rough, fine, dark green; flesh white, semi-fine, breaking or semi-melting, granular around the core; juice sufficient, sugary, aromatic, rather delicate; second; Sept. and Oct.

=Governor Carver. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 45. 1866.

Fruited in 1863 by S. A. Shurtleff from seed. Fruit "Diam. 3 in.; flesh firm and very rich in flavor; keeps perfectly until June or July of following year, and ripens well; fine flavor, and a valuable pear. Turbinate."

=Grabenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:159. 1856. =2.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 64, fig. 1913.

A German and Austrian pear, common in middle Franconia. Fruit small to medium, turbinate or conic; skin smooth, shining, yellow-green turning yellow, with green marblings, sometimes slightly blushed, dotted; flesh whitish, coarse-grained, breaking, juicy, saccharine, without any perceptible acid; mid-Oct.

=Graf Moltke. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 95. 1876. =2.= Lauche _Deut. Pom._ =II=:No. 80, Pl. 80. 1882.

Named after A. Von Moltke, a Prime Minister of Denmark, 1850. Fruit rather large, irregular in form although handsome; skin rough, yellowish-green covered with russet; flesh yellowish-white, fine, melting, very juicy, aromatic; quality variable; a table fruit; Oct.

=Grand Bretagne. 1.= Knoop _Fructologie_ =1=:83, Tab. II. 1771. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 774. 1869.

Origin French or Belgian. Fruit large, obtuse-obovate, greenish-yellow, dotted with brown; flesh fine, juicy, buttery and melting; moderately good; Dec. to Feb.

=Grand Isle. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 3rd App., 176, fig. 1881. =2.= _Rural N. Y._ =44=:242, figs. 135, 136. 1885.

Raised by Benjamin Macomber, Grand Isle, Vt. Tree vigorous, upright, somewhat alternate in bearing. Fruit medium, roundish-oblong, straw color, covered with many small russet dots; stem medium long, rather slender; calyx small, open, in a small basin; flesh whitish, half-fine, juicy, melting, sweet, slightly vinous; very good; Sept. and Oct.

=Grand-Soliel. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:233, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 588. 1884.

Introduced by Major Espéren, Mechlin, Bel., in the early half of the nineteenth century. Fruit medium, globular-turbinate, more or less bossed; skin rough to the touch, yellow, almost covered with gray-russet, blushed with red on the side next the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine, rather stringy, melting, vinous, sugary, with a particularly delicate aroma; first; Dec. and Jan.

=Grant. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 45. 1866.

A seedling fruited by S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass, in 1862. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform; greenish-yellow; flesh sweet, fine, rich; first; Oct.

=Graslin. 1.= _Pom. France_ =3=:No. 106, Pl. 106. 1865. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 775. 1869.

A wilding found in the Commune of Flée, Sarthe, Fr.; introduced about 1840. Fruit large, oblate, somewhat irregular, larger on one side than the other, yellow-ochre, dotted and marbled with gray-russet, and stained with large markings of fawn; flesh fine, white, veined with greenish-yellow, very melting, juicy, sugary, acidulous, perfumed, delicate; first; Oct. and Nov.

=Grasshoff Leckerbissen. 1.= Oberdieck _Obst-Sort._ 305. 1881. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 222. 1889.

German. Fruit medium, pyriform, often rather ovate, inclined or bent at the head; skin smooth, grass-green changing to yellow-green, thickly dotted, not much russet; flesh yellowish-white, rather gritty around the core, melting, fine, juicy, good flavor; very good for dessert and good for household use; early Oct.

=Gratiola. 1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 592. 1629.

"The Gratiola peare is a kinde of Bon Cretien, called the _Cucumber peare_, or _Spinola's peare_."

=Graue Herbstrusselet. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:42. 1856.

German, Upper Hesse, 1802. Fruit medium, ventriculous, uneven, rough, entirely covered with russet, changing at maturity to dull red on the side next the sun; flesh very juicy, coarsely granular and woody, sugary and musky; first for household purposes; Sept.

=Graue Holzbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 110, fig. 1913.

A perry pear grown throughout Austria under various names. Fruit medium, globular, diminishing toward the stalk; skin firm, rough, grayish-green turning at maturity to a dirty greenish-yellow, dotted with grayish-brown-russet; flesh yellowish-white, coarse-grained, very juicy, astringent and subacid; mid-Oct.

=Graue Honigbirn. 1.= Lauche _Deut. Pom._ =2=: No. 84, Pl. 84. 1883.

German. Published by Oberdieck in 1865. Fruit medium, turbinate; skin thin, rough, yellowish-green or yellow, blushed, and dotted and marked with cinnamon-russet; flesh yellowish-white, fine grained, breaking, tender, semi-melting, sweet, with an aromatic flavor of cinnamon.

=Graue Pelzbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 158, fig. 1913.

An excellent Austrian perry pear. Fruit medium, turbinate, inclining to pyriform; skin firm, rough, yellow ground when ripe, with cinnamon-brown-russet marking and grayish-brown dots, blushed on the sun-exposed side; flesh whitish, coarse grained, very juicy, subacid, with very little aroma; Oct.

=Graue Speckbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:188. 1856.

Reported from Germany, 1801. Fruit large, long, broad, conic, yellow, strongly and thickly dotted with gray; calyx small; stem fleshy; flesh granular, somewhat aromatic, sweet; third; Sept.

=Graue Zuckerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:40. 1856.

Dutch, 1758. Fruit small, rather oviform, smooth, greenish-yellow, dotted with green; flesh yellowish, semi-breaking, melting, very sweet, vinous, juicy; second for dessert, good for the market; Aug.

=Grazbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 184, fig. 1913.

Grazbirne is a variety of wild pear well distributed in Lower Austria. Fruit medium, globular, regular in form, green, dotted and heavily marked with russet; flesh subacid, vinous, astringent, wanting in juice; inferior; early Oct.

=Great Cassolette. 1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =1=:32. 1831.

There appear to be several varieties of Cassolette three or four of which bear the synonym of _Lechfrion_. The Cassolette is so named from its resemblance to a small vessel made of copper and silver in which pastilles were burnt. Fruit small, globular-turbinate, 2-1/6 inches in height and 2-1/4 inches in breadth, entirely light green even at maturity, dotted all over with numerous green specks; flesh melting, of a very peculiar acid flavor which however, is not disagreeable when the fruit is ripe; Aug.

=Great Citron of Bohemia. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 775. 1869.

Fruit small, oblong, yellow; flesh sugary, juicy, a little coarse-grained, having little flavor; Sept.

=Great Mammoth. 1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 239, 240. 1869.

Grown in pioneer days in Indiana, Illinois, and neighboring states.

=Green Chisel. 1.= Langley _Pomona_ 132. 1729. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 588. 1884.

_Guenette._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:261, fig. 1869.

The origin of this ancient early summer variety is unknown, but it was described by Mawe and Abercrombie in 1778, and was also mentioned by Philip Miller in 1734 as being still "in prime" in July in England. Under the name of _Guenette_ it was described by Merlet in articles written in 1675, and 1690 and appears to have been well known in English and French gardens. Hogg deems Chisel to be a corruption of the French name Choiseul. Fruit small or very small, growing in clusters, globular-turbinate, green or rarely yellowish-green, with sometimes a brownish tinge next the sun, sprinkled with small russet dots; flesh white, slightly green, fine, semi-breaking, sweet, slightly gritty around centre; juice ample in amount, sugary, acid, slightly aromatic; second; Aug.

=Green Mountain Boy. 1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 386. 1859.

A native variety. Fruit medium, globular-obovate, or obovate-pyriform, golden yellow, with russety-brown specks; flesh yellowish, melting, juicy, sweet; very good; Oct.

=Green Pear of Yair. 1.= _Trans. Lond. Hort. Soc._ =4=:214. 1822. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 776. 1869.

_Green Yair._ =3.= Hogg _Fruit. Man._ 589. 1884.

An old Scotch pear raised at Yair on the Tweed, Peeblesshire. Fruit below medium, obovate, smooth, dark green changing to yellow, patched and dotted with russet; flesh tender, juicy, sugary; good; Sept.

=Grégoire Bordillon. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:237, fig. 1869. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 178. 1920.

Raised by Leroy in 1855 from seed of Graslin, and fruited for the first time in 1866. Fruit large, ovate, rather larger on one side than the other, pale yellow on shaded side and dark yellow on the exposed cheek, mottled, striped, and dotted with brown; flesh yellowish, fine, very melting, very juicy and sugary; first; Aug.

=Grey Good-Wife. 1.= Mawe-Abercrombie _Univ. Gard. Bot._ 1778.

Fruit medium, globular, brown-red, moderately tender and of good flavor; Oct. to Dec.

=Grise-Bonne. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:245. 1768. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:238, fig. 1869.

_Französische Gute Graue Sommerbirne._ =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:16. 1856.

The Dutch pomologist Pierre Van den Hoven writing in the middle of the eighteenth century affirmed that the Grise-Bonne was the _Sucrée Grise de Hollandaise_ and the _Pirum Falernum_ of the Romans. It may be noted that in 1586 Jacques Daléchamp thought he had found the _Falernum_ in the French _Autumn Bergamote_; and, again, in 1783 Henri Manger declared it to be still cultivated under the name _Bourdon_, the _Orange Musquée_; similarly Sickler wrote in 1802 that the _Bergamote d'Été_ appeared to him to be the _Falernum_. Fruit medium; form variable, sometimes irregular-turbinate, long and ventriculous, at other times regular-turbinate, clear green, russeted with gray, clouded with pale yellow on the shaded side and covered with large dots of golden or orange-yellow; flesh white, fine, dense, semi-breaking, watery, free from grit; juice very abundant, sugary, acidulous, musky; second; Aug.

=Groom Prince Royal. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 54, 161. 1841. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 589. 1884.

_Bergamotte Éliza Mathews._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:235, fig. 1867.

_Princesse-Royale._ =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:561. 1869.

A Mr. Groom, a nurseryman at Clapham near London, introduced this pear in 1841. Fruit medium, globular or Bergamot-shaped, greenish-brown, with a tinge of yellow and slight traces of gray-russet; flesh melting, buttery, sometimes rather gritty, sweet, vinous, perfumed; a good second-rate pear; Jan. to Mar.

=Gros Blanquet Long. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:241, fig. 1869.

_Large Blanquet._ =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 602. 1884.

_Kreiselförmige Blankette._ =3.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 244. 1889.

This is one of a group of pears which in the seventeenth century were designated by various pomologists with names such as _Blanquet à longue queue_, _Blanquet d'hiver_, etc. Their origin is ancient, possibly Roman. The variety here described is the largest of the Blanquettes and was said by Olivier de Serres in 1600 to be also named _de Florence_ from which it might be adduced that it came originally from Tuscany. Fruit below medium and often small, obtuse-pyriform, smooth, of a beautiful yellow color, dotted with bright green and sometimes carmined on the cheek next the sun; flesh white, semi-fine, breaking, sweet, full of sugary juice possessing a musky-anis flavor; a dessert pear, second; July and Aug.

=Gros Blanquet Rond. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:242, fig. 1869.

An ancient dessert pear mentioned by Claude Saint-Etienne in the seventeenth century and by Mawe and Abercrombie in their _Universal Gardener and Botanist_ in 1778. Fruit below medium, globular-ovate, pale yellow covered with very fine russet dots, more or less washed with rose on the side of the sun; flesh yellow-white, breaking, rather coarse, almost exempt from grit; juice abundant, sugary, sourish, musky; third for dessert; Sept.

=Gros-Hativeau. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:245, fig. 1869.

This pear has been supposed to belong to a class identified with the _Pira Hordearia_ of Columella and of Pliny, and was mentioned by various French and German writers from the sixteenth century onward; if its origin is not clear it is at any rate one of the three varieties of the pear bearing the name of _Hativeau_ in the seventeenth century, _H. blanc_, or _Bergamotte d'Été_, and the _Petit-H._ being the other two. Fruit below medium, turbinate-obtuse; skin fine, yellowish-green, delicately dotted with olive-gray, washed with bright vermilion on the side next the sun; flesh whitish, coarse, breaking, gritty; juice rarely abundant, sugary, astringent and slightly aromatic; third; end of July.

=Gros Loijart. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:126. 1843.

Fruit large, irregular-obovate, green and yellow; flesh breaking, tough but neither gritty nor austere; for cooking purposes; Apr. and May.

=Gros Lucas. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:246, fig. 1869.

The fruit garden of the Horticultural Society of Angers, Fr. was formed in 1832 and the Gros Lucas soon afterwards appeared in its catalog. Fruit large, obtuse-ovate-globular, irregular and much bossed; skin rather thick, yellow, sprinkled with very small dots of green color, stained with patches of russet; flesh white, semi-fine, semi-breaking, spongy, gritty at the center; juice rather deficient, without perfume or much sugar; second, but good for kitchen use; Jan. and Feb.

=Gros Muscat Rond. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:248, fig. 1869.