Chapter V: Minor Varieties of Pears (11)

Rev. John Huyshe, a clergyman at Clysthydon Rectory, near Cullompton, Devon, Eng., raised, about 1833, three plants from pips of one fruit from Marie Louise, hybridized with Gansel Bergamot. Of these three plants one produced fruit in 1854 or 1855 and was named Huyshe Victoria. The other two fruited in subsequent years and were named Huyshe Prince of Wales and Huyshe Princess of Wales, respectively; these three together with a fourth, Huyshe Prince Consort, being known as the _Royal Pears_. Tree vigorous, spreading, very productive. Fruit medium in size, ovate-pyriform or ovate-acute-pyriform, yellow, freckled and veined with thin, smooth cinnamon-russet; stem medium in length, stout, generally inclined and inserted without depression; calyx open; flesh yellowish, juicy, melting, vinous; good to very good; Nov.

=Hyacinthe du Puis. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 93. 1895.

In trial orchards of Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Fruit medium; flesh rather fine, salmon tinted, savory, juicy; Nov. and Dec.

=Ickworth. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 194. 1832.

Originated by T. A. Knight, President of the London Horticultural Society, who in 1832 sent cions to Mr. Lowell and the Massachusetts Agricultural Society. Fruit melting, rich, rose-flavored; Mar. and Apr.

=Ida. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 97. 1876.

On trial with Messrs Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, in 1876. Fruit large, Doyenné-shaped, yellowish-green washed with red-brown; flesh buttery; first; Oct.

=Ilinka. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 94. 1895. =2.= _Gard. Chron._ 3rd Ser. =36=:368. 1904.

This variety was published by Messrs. Simon-Louis, of Metz, Lorraine, in 1895 as having been received by them from M. Niemetz, Winnitza, European Western Russia. Fruit medium to large, yellow, blushed with red on the side of the sun; medium quality; end of July.

=Impériale à Feuilles de Chêne. 1.= Duhamel _Trait Arb. Fr._ =2=:228, Pl. LIV. 1768. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:287, fig. 1869.

_Oak-Leaved Imperial._ =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 822. 1869.

_Impériale._ =4.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 596. 1884.

The origin of this pear is unknown but it was propagated by the Chartreux Monks of Paris in 1752. The tree is very vigorous and hardy and the leaves are singular in that, due to their peculiar indenting and puckering, they have the appearance of being sinuated like those of the oak. Fruit large, ovate, irregular, mammillate at the summit and always having one side larger than the other, dull yellow, covered with large reddish dots; flesh whitish, coarse, semi-breaking, juicy, gritty at center, sugary, almost without perfume; first for cooking, third for dessert; Feb. to May.

=Incommunicable. 1.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 376. 1831. =2.= _Mag. Hort_. =9=:131. 1843.

Flemish. In a list of pears grown in France and the Netherlands sent by Joseph Parmentier to the London Horticultural Society in 1824. Fruit above medium, pyramidal and compressed toward the stalk, pale grass-green, thickly sprinkled with small gray-russety specks; stem short, stout, inclined; flesh yellowish-white, tinged near the core with a light shade of orange, a little gritty, melting, juicy, saccharine, with a slight musky perfume; latter half of Oct.

=Incomparable de Beuraing. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 97. 1876.

A French pear, presumably, published first by Grégoire and on trial in the trial-orchard of Messrs. Simon-Louis in 1876. Fruit very large; flesh fine, melting, juicy; of rather good quality; Nov.

=Indian Queen. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 32. 1870. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 66. 1875.

Exhibited by Henry McLaughlin, Bangor, Me., before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1870. Fruit rather large, long-pyriform, greenish-yellow with a brown cheek; flesh coarse, semi-melting, sweet, not rich, insipid; good for market only; Sept.

=Infortunée. 1.= Mas. _Pom. Gen._ =3=:69, fig. 131. 1878.

Said to have been shown at the Exhibition of Gotha, Ger., in 1857. Fruit medium, turbinate-ovoid, ordinarily regular in contour; skin rather thick, clear green spotted with gray specks, round, small, numerous; at maturity the basic green becomes a dull pale yellow and golden on the side next the sun; flesh yellowish, semi-fine and melting, gritty round the core; juice sufficient and sweet; second; Aug.

=Ingénieur Wolters. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 94. 1895.

Sent out by M. Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel. Fruit medium; flesh fine, very sugary, perfumed; first; Oct.

=Innominée. 1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:213. 1832. =2.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 155. 1832.

Raised by Van Mons who in 1831 sent cions of it to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Fruit over 4 inches in length and nearly 3-1/2 in breadth, rather pyramidal, swollen at the middle; skin light green, mottled with pale fawn color, partially yellow at maturity; flesh delicate, melting, sweet, and full of a pleasant odor; good; between summer and autumn.

=International. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 94. 1895.

Reported in the trial orchards of Messrs. Simon-Louis at Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Fruit medium; first; Dec. to Feb.

=Iris Grégoire. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =23=:155. 1857. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:290, fig. 1869.

A seedling raised by Xavier Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel., it fruited for the first time in 1853. Fruit variable in size, sometimes below medium, long-conic, swelled at base, bossed, and corrugated at apex, a clear golden-yellow, finely dotted and streaked with gray, washed with fawn at either pole; flesh white, semi-fine and melting, rather dry and gritty; juice insufficient, sweet, having a pleasant aroma; second or even third when especially deficient in juice; Nov. and Dec.

=Isabella. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 46. 1866.

A seedling raised by S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass.; it fruited first in 1866. Fruit medium, pyriform, light green blushed with red on the side next the sun; flesh white, juicy, sprightly, agreeable; Oct.

=Isabelle de Malèves. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 97. 1876. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =5=:81, fig. 329. 1880.

This pear is No. 43 in _Les fruits du jardin Van Mons_ by M. Bivort but is stated by Mas to have been obtained by Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit small or nearly medium, fig-like in form, i. e., ovate-conic, regular in contour, a lively green speckled with gray dots, some russet around each pole; at maturity the green becomes yellowish; flesh whitish, melting, juicy, vinous, refreshing; first; end of July and early Aug.

=Island. 1.= Field _Pear Cult._ 273. 1858. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 788. 1869.

Originated with Cornelius Bergen on Bergen Island adjoining Long Island about 1848. Fruit medium, short-pyriform inclining to turbinate, often turbinate or Bergamot-shaped, pale yellow, netted, sprinkled, and patched with russet, covered thickly with small brown spots and slightly shaded with crimson where exposed to the sun; flesh white, a little granular, juicy, melting, with a sprightly, perfumed, somewhat aromatic flavor; very good; Sept. and Oct.

=Italienische Winterbergamotte. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:74. 1856.

Italy, 1819. Fruit medium, turbinate, slightly bossed, light green changing to yellowish-green, often blushed with brown, speckled with numerous fine, brown dots; flesh yellowish, coarse-grained, juicy, melting and sweet; third for the table, first for kitchen; Apr. and May.

=Ives. 1.= Field _Pear Cult._ 273. 1858. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 788. 1869.

Raised by Dr. Eli Ives, New Haven, Conn. Fruit small to medium, rather globular, greenish, brownish-red cheek; flesh melting, sugary, juicy; good; Sept.

=Ives August. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 788. 1869.

Raised by Dr. Eli Ives. Fruit medium, oblong-obtuse-pyriform, green, with a brownish-red cheek; flesh greenish-white, semi-melting, juicy, rather astringent; good; Aug.

=Ives Bergamotte. 1.= Field _Pear Cult._ 273. 1858. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 788. 1869.

Originated by Dr. Eli Ives. Fruit medium or small, globular, greenish-yellow with some traces of russet; flesh rather coarse, buttery, melting, juicy, vinous; good; Sept.

=Ives Seedling. 1.= Field _Pear Cult._ 273. 1858. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 392. 1859.

Raised by Dr. Eli Ives. Fruit nearly medium, rather globular, greenish-yellow, shaded with crimson; flesh whitish, coarse and granular, melting, juicy, with a refreshing sugary flavor, perfumed; good; Sept.

=Ives Virgalieu. 1.= Field _Pear Cult._ 273. 1858. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 392. 1859.

Raised by Dr. Eli Ives. Fruit below medium, pyriform, greenish blushed with dull crimson; flesh whitish, granular, juicy, sweet, vinous, buttery and melting; good to very good; Oct.

=Ives Winter. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 575. 1857. =2.= _Ibid._ 789. 1869.

Raised by Dr. Eli Ives. Fruit medium, depressed-pyriform, yellowish, sprinkled with russet spots; flesh white, coarse, granular; cooking; Dec.

=Ives Yale. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 789. 1869.

Raised by Dr. Eli Ives. Fruit medium, globular, mammillate at base of stem, dull greenish-yellow, blushed with brownish-crimson in the sun; flesh greenish-white, moderately juicy; good; early Aug.

=Jablousky. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:28. 1856.

Originated at Wittenberg, Ger., in 1799. Fruit small, nearly round, symmetrical; skin smooth and polished, greenish-yellow turning to light waxy yellow, often slightly blushed; flesh semi-melting and rather coarse, having a musky aroma; second for the table, first for culinary uses, first for market; Sept.

=Jackson. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 512. 1857. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 392. 1859.

Origin, New Hampshire. Fruit medium, obovate, short-pyriform, pale yellow, somewhat russeted; flesh white and juicy, brisk, vinous; good to very good; Sept.

=Jackson Elizabeth. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 789. 1869.

Originated with S. S. Jackson, Cincinnati, Ohio. Fruit medium, globular-obovate-pyriform, greenish-yellow, tinged with crimson on the sunny side and thickly dotted with russet; flesh whitish, juicy, melting, sweet, pleasant and slightly aromatic; good to very good; Sept.

=Jacqmain. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:292, fig. 1869.

From Simon Bouvier, Jodoigne, Bel., about 1835. Fruit above medium, long-turbinate, obtuse, swelled at middle circumference, smaller on one side than the other; skin rugose, thick, greenish, dotted with clear gray and sometimes vermilioned on the side exposed to the sun; flesh greenish-white, coarse, semi-breaking, gritty; juice sufficient, sugary without any pronounced perfume; third; Oct.

=Jacques Chamaret. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:293, fig. 1869.

From the last seed beds made at Laval, France, in 1837 or 1838 by Léon Leclerc. Fruit above medium, turbinate, slightly obtuse, mammillate at base, bossed at summit, clear yellow, dotted and stained with russet; flesh white, fine, semi-melting, watery, rather granular at center; juice abundant, sweet, very sugary and perfumed; first; Nov.

=Jacques Mollet. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 97. 1876.

Published by Boisbunel in 1866. Fruit medium or large, oblong; first; Nov. to Feb.

=Jakobsbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:15. 1856.

Reported from Wetterau. Fruit medium, long, green, changing to yellow, some brown-russet and very fine dots; flesh very sugary, balsamic, mild and tender; first for dessert, domestic and market uses; Sept.

=Jalousie. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:211, Pl. XLVII, fig. 3. 1768. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 596. 1884.

This is one of the oldest French pears, having been mentioned by the naturalist Daléchamp before 1586 and thought by him to have come from the Romans. Merlet mentioned it in 1667. Fruit rather large, obovate and sometimes obtuse-pyriform; skin rough to the touch, yellowish-green, very much covered with cinnamon-colored russet, ruddy on the sun-exposed side, and singularly marked with conspicuous, lighter-colored specks, which are slightly raised; flesh white, melting, juicy, sugary, sourish, having a pleasant flavor; hardly first class; Oct.

=Jalousie de la Réole. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 97. 1876.

Fruit medium; flesh fine, very melting, very sugary; delicious; Nov. to Jan.

=Jalousie Tardive. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:297, fig. 1869.

Origin unknown, but it was among the first trees planted in the garden of the Horticultural Society of Maine-et-Loire, Fr., on its creation in 1833. Fruit large, variable, long-turbinate, more or less obtuse, or very long-ovate, bossed and contorted, depressed at both poles, clear russet extensively washed with red-brown; flesh breaking; first for cooking; Feb. and Mar.

=Jalvy. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:299, fig. 1869.

Fruit above medium, long, slightly obtuse, swelled at the middle, contracted at both ends especially at the summit; skin rough to the touch, yellowish-green, dotted and reticulated with gray, washed with clear brown-russet on the side next the sun and bearing some black stains; flesh whitish, fine, semi-melting, free from grit, but apt to rot quickly; juice abundant, refreshing, sugary; second; Jan.

=Jaminette. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 195. 1832. =2.= _Pom. France_ =3=:No. 116, Pl. 116. 1865.

From a seedling in the garden of M. Pyrolle early in the nineteenth century. Fruit medium, turbinate-obtuse, pale yellowish-green, dotted and reticulated all over with gray-russet; flesh yellowish, semi-fine and semi-melting, very juicy, sugary, vinous and aromatic on light soils, but insipid and without perfume on clayey and humid land; first; Nov. to Jan.

=Jansemine. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 271. 1865. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:302, fig. 1869.

The origin of Jansemine is unknown but it has been cultivated in the neighborhood of Bordeaux for some 300 years. Fruit below medium or rather small, short-turbinate or globular-conic, grass-green, dotted with gray-russet and clouded with clear maroon on the side of the sun; flesh greenish-white, semi-fine, granular at the center, slightly breaking, juicy, sugary and pleasantly perfumed; rather good, but not first; July.

=Japan. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =23=:71, fig. 34. 1868.

Raised by Gideon Ross, Westfield, N. J., from seeds found in the trunk of his nephew who died on his way from Japan. Fruit medium, oblate; skin rough, reddish-russet-yellow with large light-colored specks; flesh coarse, gritty, firm, with a consistence and flavor much like that of a delicate quince; of no value for dessert; Oct. to Feb.

=Japan Golden Russet. 1.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 770. 1903.

_Golden Russet._ =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =332=:482, fig. 162. 1914.

_Canners Japan._ =3.= _Huntsville Nurs. Cat._ 5. 1915.

Said to closely resemble Gold Dust and Japan Wonder. Tree very hardy and a young bearer, often blossoming the first year and setting the fruit the second. Fruit large to medium, apple-shaped, rather flat, regular, light lemon-yellow, with many fine dots, russeted, especially about the stem; flesh juicy, aromatic, slightly sweetish; poor; texture coarse; Oct.

=Japan Wonder. 1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =332=:483. 1913.

Japanese, introduced to this country by Doctor Whitaker, who says of it: "the fruit is rather flat, large, apple-like; color light yellow, with many white dots covering the entire surface; flesh white, brittle, juicy, poor in quality. Tree an open grower."

=Japanese Sand. 1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =332=:483. 1913.

Fruit medium, apple-shaped, lemon-yellow, with russet dots; flesh hard, flavor much like Daimyo; poor; late Oct.

=Jargonelle d'Automne. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 97. 1876.

On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis at Metz, Lorraine, in 1876. Fruit medium, fusiform, long, yellow, sometimes washed with red; flesh very fine, very melting and juicy; excellent; Oct. and Nov.

=Jaune Hâtive. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 282. 1876. =2.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:244. 1768.

_Gelbe Frühbirne._ =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:41. 1856.

French. Fruit small, pyriform, flattened at the lower end, obtuse at the apex, yellow-green; flesh white, coarse, sprightly, slightly perfumed; juice deficient; of value only on account of its early season; July.

=Jaune de Merveillon. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:189, fig. 581. 1881.

An old French variety. Fruit very small, turbinate, pale green, free from dots or marks, changing at maturity to pale yellow, golden on the side next the sun; flesh white, tinted with yellow beneath the skin, fine, semi-breaking, possessing sufficient juice, sugary, and refreshing, with an agreeable perfume of musk; good; beginning of July.

=Jean Baptist. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:61. 1856. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:305, fig. 1869.

A seedling raised at Ath, Hainaut, Bel.; first described in 1833. Fruit large, obtuse-conic; skin rough, grass-green, spotted with clear brown and stained with gray-russet; flesh yellowish, semi-melting and semi-fine, juicy, sugary, scented and delicate; second for the table, first for culinary purposes; Oct. and Nov. (Leroy); Jan. and Feb. (Dochnahl).

=Jean-Baptiste Bivort. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =6=:45, fig. 1858. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 780. 1869.

Originated at Geest-Saint-Rémy in 1847. Fruit rather large, regular turbinate, bright green becoming partially yellow at maturity, marked and dotted with gray-russet; flesh white, melting, buttery, juicy, sugary and highly aromatic; Nov.

=Jean-Baptiste Dediest. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =6=:23, fig. 396. 1880.

Obtained by M. Xavier Grégoire, Jodoigne, Brabant; first reported in 1839. Fruit medium, globular; flesh fine, juicy, sugary; good; spring until July.

=Jean Cottineau. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 97. 1876. =2.= _Ibid._ 68. 1895.

On trial in the orchards of Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, in 1876 and rated by them in 1895 as a third-class summer pear. Fruit medium, globular, yellowish-green, spotted with red on the sun-exposed side; flesh white, sugary; good; mid-Aug.

=Jean Laurent. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 97. 1876. =2.= _Ibid._ 94. 1895.

On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis at Metz in 1895. Tree of remarkable fertility; suitable for large orchards. Fruit small or medium; flesh breaking; first for culinary purposes; Dec. to June.

=Jean Sano. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 94. 1895.

Sent out by M. Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel., and on trial in the orchards of Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Fruit medium or rather large; flesh semi-fine, very sugary and aromatic; Nov. and Dec.

=Jean de Witte. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =7=:286. 1841. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:307, fig. 1869.

_Passe Colmar François._ =3.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =8=:7, fig. 1860.

Raised at Brussels early in the nineteenth century by M. Witzthumb, director of the Botanical Garden. Fruit below but sometimes up to medium, globular or turbinate, irregular, surface bossed and undulated, greenish, dotted and marbled with a more or less gray-russet; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, extremely juicy, sugary, perfumed, with a buttery flavor, quite delicious; first; Dec.

=Jeanne. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 94. 1895.

On trial with Messrs. Simon-Louis, Metz, Lorraine, in 1895, having been received by them from M. Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel. Fruit large or very large, oblong-obovate; flesh semi-melting, nearly breaking, juicy, sugary and aromatic; Nov.

=Jeanne d'Arc. 1.= _Rev. Hort._ 518, fig. 1904.

Obtained by A. Sannier, Rouen, Fr., from a seedling of Beurré Diel fertilized with the Doyenné du Comice. Placed in commerce in 1893, and recommended by the Pomological Society of France ten years later. Fruit large, obtuse, rather of the aspect of the Duchesse d'Angoulême; skin slightly rough, pale lemon-yellow, tinted with rose on the side exposed to the sun, speckled with rose, some marks of fawn color; flesh white, granular about the core, fine, melting, very juicy, saccharine, acidulous, agreeable, only slightly perfumed; good; Oct. and Nov.

=Jefferson. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 791. 1869. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 119. 1873.

In a Report from Georgia to the American Pomological Society in 1873, P. Barry wrote of a Jefferson pear as a native of Alabama and an early summer fruit. Downing gives the following description of a pear of the same name originating in Mississippi. Fruit large, roundish-obtuse-pyriform, straw-color, shaded with red in the sun, and dotted with small green dots; flesh white, not juicy, sweet, coarse, decays quickly at core, not highly flavored; Aug.

=Jersey Gratioli. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 598. 1884. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 182. 1920.

In the Island of Jersey this is known as the _Gratioli_ and was at the beginning of the nineteenth century grown in England under that name. But as _Gratioli_ is the Italian name of Bon Chrétien d'Été, the name was changed in England to "Jersey Gratioli." Fruit above medium, globular-obovate, greenish-yellow, covered with large, rough, russet spots, tinged with pale brown next the sun; flesh yellowish-white, very melting, rich, sugary, vinous, sprightly; a dessert pear of the highest excellence.

=Jerusalem. 1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 593. 1629.

"The peare of Jerusalem, or the stript pear, whose barke while it is young, is as plainly seene to be stript with greene, red, and yellow, as the fruit it selfe is also, and is of a very good taste: being baked also, it is as red as the best Warden, whereof Master William Ward of Essex hath assured mee, who is the chiefe keeper of the King's Granary at Whitehall."

=Jeschil Armudi. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 133. 1841.

A Turkish variety, probably of small value. Fruit medium, pyriform, greenish-yellow; flesh sweet, perfumed; mid-season.

=Jewel. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 135. 1920.

Originated with Captain Bankhead near Edgewood, Mo., about 1860. Said to be productive and not to have blighted.

=Jewess. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:311, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 598. 1884.

From a seedling raised by Major Espéren, Mechlin, Bel., and so named because the tree grew on a wall fronting the Rue des Juifs (street of the Jews). It first fruited in 1843. Fruit medium, ovate, always a little bossed and more swelled on one side than on the other, uniformly pale yellow, dotted, veined, and mottled with gray-russet and often slightly roseate on the side next the sun; flesh yellowish, buttery, melting, very juicy, sugary and rich; first; Nov. to Feb.

=John Cotton. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 32. 1862. =2.= _Ibid._ 45. 1866.

A seedling raised by S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass., and fruited in 1862. Fruit below medium, turbinate, green; flesh fine-grained, slightly acid; good market pear, ripens well and bears abundantly; Sept.

=John Griffith. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 791. 1869.

Originated in Westchester Co., N. Y. Fruit medium, globular-obovate-obtuse-pyriform, greenish-yellow, with numerous brown dots, nettings and patches of russet; flesh whitish, coarse, wanting in juice, melting, sweet, pleasant; good; Sept.

=John Monteith. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 598. 1884.

A good quality pear esteemed highly in Perthshire, Scotland. Fruit medium, angular toward the calyx where it becomes rather foursided; skin bright green changing to yellowish-green at maturity; flesh greenish-yellow, melting, buttery, sweet and pleasantly flavored; good.

=John Williams. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 111. 1873. =2.= _Ibid._ 37, 136. 1875.

An old American variety but not propagated until about 1870. In 1875 it was reported to be the best winter pear for Tennessee. Fruit large, pyriform, clear yellow washed with red; flesh white, very juicy, sugary, vinous and perfumed; good; Nov. and Dec.

=Johonnot. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 177. 1832. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =13=:484, fig. 40. 1847.

Raised by George S. Johonnot, Salem, Mass., and first came unto bearing about 1823. Fruit medium, globular-obovate, irregular, swollen on one side, hardly tapering to the stem; skin slightly rough, very thin, pale greenish-yellow, partially covered with dull russet, and a little browned on the sunny side; flesh white, coarse, melting and very juicy, rich, brisk, with a delicious, musky aroma; core large and slightly gritty; good; Sept.

=Joie du Semeur. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 94. 1895.

Issued from a seed bed of Joséphine de Malines, which fruit it resembles in size and form, and was disseminated by M. Daras de Naghin, Antwerp, Bel. Flesh fine, melting, saccharine and aromatic; Nov.

=Jolie Lille de Gust. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 792. 1869.

Belgian. Fruit small, globular, acute-pyriform, pale yellow shaded with crimson; flesh white, coarse, dry; of no value except for its beauty; Sept.

=Joly de Bonneau. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 97. 1876. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 599. 1884.

First published by de Jonghe. Fruit medium or above, curved obovate, pale green, strewed with spots and veins of brown-russet; flesh reddened, or white with a pink tinge, fine, melting, juicy, sugary, vinous; first; Dec.

=Jonah. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =15=:70. 1849.

Known early in the last century in the city of New Haven, Conn., and said to be one of the parents of Howell. Fruit, "a very hard and tough winter pear, producing enormous crops every year that seldom becomes mellow and fit for dessert fruit, but when it does, it is very good, being full of rich, subacid, slightly astringent juice."

=Jones. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 515. 1857. =2.= _Ibid._ 79, fig. 1869.

Originated at Kingsessing, near Philadelphia. Fruit medium or below, pyriform, broad at calyx, tapering to the stem which meets it by a fleshy junction; yellow shaded with russet, bright cinnamon on the sunny side; flesh coarse, granular, buttery, sugary, brisk and vinous; very good; were it a little larger would be one of the most valuable; Oct.

=Joseph Lebeau. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 97. 1876.

Originated by Dr. Nelis. Fruit large; flesh melting; first; Mar. and Apr.

=Joseph Staquet. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:309, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 793. 1869.

Obtained by Bivort from a seed bed made at Fleurus, Bel., in 1844. Fruit medium, often smaller, pyriform, somewhat obtuse; skin fine, tender, dull green passing to dark yellow, dotted, veined and stained with fawn; flesh whitish, fine, melting; juice sufficient, sugary, with a rather delicate aroma; second; end of Aug. and early Sept.

=Joséphine de Binche. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 110. 1876.

Described in 1869. Fruit medium, globular-turbinate, bright yellow ground washed with brown; flesh semi-melting, very juicy, sugary, with an exquisite flavor; first; Nov. and Dec.

=Joséphine de Maubrai. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ N. S. =18=:183. 1882.

Fruit medium, globular-turbinate; flesh fine, melting, juicy, sugary; first; Nov. to Jan.

=Josephsbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:166. 1856.

Austrian. Published in 1819. Fruit medium, obtuse-conic, light green turning to yellowish, often somewhat blushed; flesh granular, semi-melting, sweet; third for table, first for kitchen; Sept.

=Joyau de Septembre. 1.= _Rev. Hort._ 501, fig. 152. 1897.

Obtained by A. Hérault, Angers, Fr., and first published in 1870. Fruit medium, turbinate, obtuse, curved, golden yellow at maturity, slight greenish near the summit, dotted with gray and often marbled with bronze-russet; flesh white, fine, free from grit, melting, very juicy, sugary, pleasantly acid and perfumed; first; Sept. and Oct.

=Judge Andrews 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 794. 1869.

Originated in Pennsylvania. Fruit medium, oblong-obovate-pyriform, yellowish, traced and mottled with red in the sun; flesh coarse, breaking, dry; of no value; Sept.

=Jules d'Airoles= (Grégoire). =1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:105, fig. 53. 1872.

Raised by M. Xavier Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel, and first published in 1857. Fruit medium or rather large, spherical but somewhat irregular, often a little bossed or deformed in contour; skin rather firm and rough to the touch, bright green speckled with very numerous, irregular, blackish dots; at maturity the basic green becomes whitish-yellow; flesh white, semi-fine, buttery, melting, gritty at center; juice abundant, sugary, slightly acid and perfumed; good; Oct.

=Jules d'Airolles= (Leclerc). =1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:312, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 599. 1884.

Obtained in 1836 by Léon Leclerc, Laval, Mayence, Fr. Fruit rather large, long-conic, greenish-yellow washed with carmine; flesh semi-melting, very sugary, juicy and perfumed; first; beginning of winter.

=Jules Blaise. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:315. 1869. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 73. 1876.

Stated to have been a gain of M. Millet, Nancy, Fr., and to have been known also as the _Bonne-Gris de Nancy_. Fruit small or medium, pyriform, mottled and dotted all over with fawn; flesh yellowish, buttery, melting, juicy, sugary, perfumed, refreshing; first; Oct.

=Jules Delloy. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 600. 1884.

Fruit rather small, globular-obovate, yellow covered with speckles and network of cinnamon-russet; flesh melting, pasty, flavorless; inferior; Dec.

=Julie Duquet. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:316, fig. 1869.

Originated at Châlons-sur-Marne, Fr., about the year 1860. Fruit medium, globular-oblate, dark yellow stained and dotted with fawn; flesh whitish, breaking, granular; juice sufficient, insipid; third for dessert, second for the cuisine; end of Apr. to end of June.

=Julienne. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 340. 1845. =2.= _Ibid._ 794. 1869.

A beautiful and productive fruit and profitable for the market. Fruit medium but varying on different soils, obovate, regularly formed, very smooth, skin fair, clear bright yellow all over; flesh white, rather firm at first, semi-buttery, sweet, moderately juicy, rich, sprightly; should be gathered a few days before ripe and kept in the house; Aug.

=Juvardeil. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:317, fig. 1869.

Originated at Juvardeil, Maine-et-Loire, Fr.; its age is unknown. Fruit below medium though occasionally rather larger, turbinate, regular in form, slightly obtuse, swelled at the base, pale yellow, evenly dotted with russet and slightly tinged with rose on the side next the sun; flesh white, semi-fine and breaking, gritty about the core; juice plentiful, sugary, acidulous and scented; second; Nov. and Dec.

=Kaestner. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 97. 1876.

Belgian. Raised by Van Mons. Fruit medium to small, oval, lemon-yellow, without russet, small light brown spots; skin scentless; flesh fine-grained, melting, very juicy, acid, sweet and aromatic; good; Sept.

=Kalchbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 40, fig. 1913.

A perry pear grown throughout Austria and the Northern Tyrol though under various names. Fruit fairly large to very large, long-pyriform, crooked toward the stalk; skin smooth and shining, green turning lemon-yellow at maturity, with a rather shining red blush, fine green dots; flesh whitish, coarse, very juicy, saccharine, aromatic, rather astringent, slightly acid; among the richest of the wine pears; Sept.

=Kalmerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:53. 1856.

Dutch, published 1758. Fruit large, conic, slightly obtuse, yellow flecked with brown; flesh rather tender and succulent, sweet and agreeable; second for table, first for culinary use; Aug.

=Kamper-Venus. 1.= Oberdieck _Obst-Sort._ 300. 1881. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:49, fig. 505. 1881.

_Camperveen._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:556, fig. 1867.

Of ancient and unknown origin. The Kamper-Venus has been cultivated in Holland for some centuries and a Dutch writer, De Lacour, writing in 1752, said, as M. Leroy thinks, that "the Romans possessed it and called it the _Pear of Venus_." Fruit large, pyriform, obovate, smooth, shining, very pale green, sprinkled with dark brown spots; at maturity the green changes to a beautiful bright lemon-yellow, marbled on the side of the sun with red; flesh white, rather fine, firm, melting; juice abundant, vinous, acidulous, perfumed; first class for kitchen use; winter.

=Kathelenbirne. 1.= Oberdieck _Obst-Sort_. 301. 1881.

German. Fruit small, in form of an orange and Bergamot; surface polished, grass-green becoming rather golden, russeted, without any red blush; flesh yellowish-white, juicy, aromatic; best for household use; Oct. and Nov., 6 weeks.

=Katy. 1.= _Pearfield Nursery Cat._ 5. 1910.

Said to have originated at New Ulm, Tex., and to be a seedling of Le Conte. It is reported that the tree is a rapid, upright grower, and an early and abundant bearer; and that the fruit resembles Howell in size, shape, and color, and is very juicy, buttery and refreshing, with a pleasant vinous flavor.

=Keiser. 1.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 377. 1831.

Fruit medium, turbinate, gradually tapering from the middle to the stalk, pale green becoming yellowish-green, thickly sprinkled with small, gray-russety specks, and russet around the stalk; flesh greenish-white, a little gritty, melting, juicy, saccharine, without any particular flavor; keeps some weeks from mid-Oct.; hardy, and bears plentifully upon an open standard.

=Kelsey. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =23=:363, fig. 106. 1868. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 794. 1869.

About 1853 a pear seedling came up in the garden of William Kelsey, Columbus, Ohio, and was named Kelsey. Fruit above medium to large, globular-obovate, surface uneven, dull green becoming yellow at maturity, traces of russet all over the fruit, many small dark green spots; flesh greenish-yellow, melting, sweet, buttery, juicy, vinous, slightly aromatic; good; Oct. to Feb., ripening gradually.

=Kennedy. 1.= _Cal. Bd. Hort. Rpt._ 74. 1891. =2.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:156. 1908.

Originated by General Bidwell, Rancho Chico, Cal. Fruit globular-oblate, small, russet; flesh tough, gritty; mid-season.

=Kentucky. 1.= _Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul._ =27=:22. 1904.

Fruit small, turbinate, obovate, yellow, russeted; flesh white, melting, granular, mild; very poor; Sept.

=Kenyon. 1.= _Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 523. 1904.

Originated at McGregor, Iowa, about 1894. Fruit 2 to 2-1/2 inches in diameter, globular, begins to drop in September or October and then apparently of no account, but if picked then and properly cared for until the middle of November or later, changes in color from a dark green to a golden yellow or straw color and is tender, juicy, and sweet, with a very fine flavor.

=Kermes. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:141. 1856.

Raised by Van Mons, 1827. Fruit medium; gourd-shaped, green becoming yellowish-green, speckled with russet; flesh yellowish-white, semi-melting, full of juice; second for dessert, first for domestic use; Sept.

=Kilwinning. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:131 1843. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 600. 1884.

Fruit medium, oblong, dark green, strewed all over with gray dots, with some patches of russet, brownish-red next the sun, changing at maturity to yellowish-green and a livelier red; flesh yellowish-white, tender, pleasant, with a strong perfume; second; Oct.

=King. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 794. 1869.

Originated at Oswego, N. Y. Fruit medium or below, globular-oblate-pyriform, greenish-brown in the sun, with many green and brown dots; flesh whitish, coarse, semi-melting, sweet; good; Sept. and Oct.

=King Edward. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:319, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 601. 1884. =3.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 182. 1920.

An English variety cataloged by the Horticultural Society of London in 1842. Fruit enormous, sometimes 5-1/2 in. long and 3-1/2 wide, pyriform, gradually tapering to the stalk; skin smooth and shining, of a beautiful grass-green changing to yellow, speckled with dark green dots on the shaded side, red on the exposed cheek; flesh yellowish, buttery, melting, very juicy, sweet and acidulous, with a slight rose-water perfume; good for cooking; Sept. to Nov.

=King Seedling. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 795. 1869. =2.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 770. 1903.

Origin uncertain but probably American. Fruit medium, oblate, uneven, yellowish-green, rough; flesh granular, whitish-green, juicy, sugary, aromatic, perfumed; good; Sept. and Oct.

=King Sobieski. 1.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:156, 232. 1908.

Fruit medium, obtuse-pyriform, yellow, with red blush; flesh juicy, sweet, perfumed; good; mid-season.

=Kirtland. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =16=:112. 1850. =2.= _Horticulturist_ =4=:476, fig. 409. 1850.

In 1819 Professor Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, raised several trees on his farm in Poland, Ohio, of which this is one. Fruit medium, globular-ovate, rich crimson-russet, varying to a dull green; flesh white, fine, melting, juicy, rich, sweet, aromatic; first; Sept.

=Klein Landlbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 68, fig. 1913.

A perry pear known as _Landlbirne_ in Lower Austria, _Green Landlbirne_ in Upper and Lower Austria, and by other names in Upper Austria and Istria. Fruit small to medium, globular or turbinate and very even in contour, leaf-green changing to greenish-yellow when ripe, densely sprinkled with very fine russet spots; flesh whitish, fine-grained, juicy, astringent, saccharine, acidulous; good for transportation; end of Oct. to Dec.

=Kleine Fuchselbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 160, fig. 1913.

A pear used for perry in Lower Austria. Fruit small, turbinate to ovate, very regular in contour, yellow when ripe, covered with cinnamon-russet and finely dotted with green specks, some red on the sunny side; flesh white, tolerably fine, juicy, highly saccharine, only slightly astringent, very aromatic; Sept.

=Kleine gelbe Bratbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:41. 1856.

Rhineland. Reported in Diel in 1812. Fruit small, ovate, pale yellow-green turning to waxy yellow, dotted with fine, green specks; flesh granular, very juicy, sweet; second for table, first for kitchen; Aug.

=Kleine gelbe Hessenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:31. 1856.

Hesse, Ger. Reported in 1804 by Diel. Fruit small, pyriform, symmetrical, yellowish light-green changing to lemon-yellow, very fine dots; flesh breaking, white, granular, wanting in juice; first for culinary use; Sept.

=Kleine gelbe Maukelbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:31. 1856. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 241. 1889.

Hesse, Ger. Published by Diel in 1804. Fruit small, round-ovate, symmetrical, smooth, light green changing to yellowish green, often lightly blushed; flesh snow white, buttery, semi-melting, musky, aromatic; first for the table, household and market purposes; Sept.

=Kleine gelbe Sommer-Zuckerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:39. 1856.

German. Published by Sickler, 1801. Fruit medium, variable in form, obtuse-conic, greenish-yellow turning to yellow, with very minute green and gray specks; flesh semi-breaking, very white, very sweet; second for table, first for cuisine, good for market; Aug.

=Kleine gelbe Sommermuskatellerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:29. 1856.

_Petite Bergamotte Jaune d'Été._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:185, fig. 285. 1879.

Nassau. Published by Diel, 1805. Fruit very small, turbinate, shining skin, lemon-yellow, seldom blushed, very finely dotted with light green; flesh yellowish-white, coarse, semi-melting, musky, aromatic; first for household, good for market; mid-July.

=Kleine grüne Backbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:189. 1856.

German. Published by Diel, 1802. Fruit small, ovate, symmetrical, light green turning to yellow-green, very finely dotted, rather russeted; flesh glutinous, very sugary, aromatic; first for household use; end of Sept. for two weeks.

=Kleine Lange Sommer-Muskatellerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:39. 1856. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 241. 1889.

_Petite Muscat Long d'Été._ =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:151, fig. 268. 1879.

Thuringia, Ger., 1798. Fruit small, sometimes ovate-turbinate, sometimes conic-ovate, regular in contour; skin thick and firm, clear green at first, sprinkled with dots of a darker shade changing to lemon-yellow with the dots little visible, orange-red on the side of the sun; flesh white, tinted with yellow, rather fine, semi-buttery, very sugary and musky; moderately good; early Aug.

=Kleine Leutsbirne. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 241. 1889. =2.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 162, fig. 1913.

A perry pear grown in Upper Austria under the name of _Holzbirne_ and by that of Kleine Leutsbirne and other names in Lower Austria. Fruit below medium, variable in form, mostly long-obtuse-pyriform, gray-green with dark green streaks downward from the stalk, changing to yellow-green when ripe, densely covered with minute dots; flesh whitish, moderately fine, juicy, acidulous, saccharine, unusually astringent; Nov. and Dec.

=Kleine Pfalzgrafin. 1.= Christ _Handb._ 563. 1817. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:46. 1856.

_Petite Comtesse Palatine._ =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:5, fig. 195. 1878.

Appears to be an ancient and perhaps Roman variety. Reported in Germany in 1794. Fruit small, conic-ovate or ovate-pyriform, water-green dotted with small brown points; flesh yellowish, semi-fine, breaking, gritty near the center; juice sufficient and rich in sugar and perfume; good for the table, and first class for all the purposes of the cook; Sept. and Oct.

=Kleine Pfundbirne. 1.= Christ _Handb._ 559. 1817. =2.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:186. 1856.

Wetterau, Ger., 1789. Fruit large, globular-turbinate, grass-green changing to yellowish-green, rough, dotted with gray; flesh tender, pleasant, good for household; Oct. to Dec.

=Kleine runde Haferbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:162. 1856.

Thuringia, Ger., 1804. Fruit small, globular, light green changing to pale lemon-yellow, strongly blushed with dark red, dotted; flesh yellowish-white, coarse-grained, rather astringent, sourish; good for cooking, early Sept.

=Kleine schlesische Zimmbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:46. 1856.

German. Published 1801. Fruit small, pyriform, yellow-green with vivid red blush, finely dotted with gray and yellow-green; flesh breaking, very aromatic and sweet; second for table, first for cooking; Aug.

=Kleine Sommer-Zuckerratenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:31. 1856.

Rhineland, 1805, Dr. Diel. Fruit medium, turbinate, often rather conic, yellow-green turning to lemon-yellow, with dark red blush; flesh gritty, sugary, aromatic; second for dessert, first for kitchen; Sept.

=Kleine Zwiebelbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:171. 1856.

Reported in Thuringia, 1819. Fruit small, bulbous or globular-turbinate, lemon-yellow, blushed, dotted with gray, splashed with gray-russet; flesh whitish, sweet, firm, breaking, juicy; good for culinary use; autumn.

=Kloppelbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:8. 1856. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 242. 1889.

Hesse, Ger. Reported by Diel, 1805. One of the Volemas. Fruit medium, almost round, yellowish-white, changing to lemon-yellow with pale blush; flesh breaking, aromatic, juicy, perfumed; second for table, first for cooking; Dec.

=Knabenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:32. 1856.

German. Published by Diel, 1805. Fruit medium, turbinate, swelled, sides unequal; skin polished, light green changing to greenish yellow, often has a dark blush, green dots; flesh granular, very juicy, sweet and acid; second for dessert, first for household; end of Aug.

=Knausbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:172. 1856. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 242. 1889. =3.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 42, fig. 1913.

A perry pear grown under a variety of names in Austria and Germany. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, sides unequal, greenish light-yellow, washed and streaked with reddish-brown; flesh yellow-white, breaking, astringent, saccharine, with little flavor or aroma; third for the table, but good for cooking use, perry or drying; end of Sept.

=Knechtchensbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:2. 1856.

Thuringia, Ger., 1797. Fruit small, round pear-shaped, yellow, russet dots, blushed; flesh firm, insipid; good for cooking; Aug. and Sept.

=Knight. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =13=:449. 1847. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 796. 1869.

Raised by William Knight of Cranston, R. I., and first exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1835. Fruit medium, oblate-pyriform, yellowish pale-green with grayish specks; flesh melting, juicy, sweet, rich, aromatic; Sept. and Oct.

=Knollbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 186, fig. 1913.

A perry pear of Swiss origin introduced into Austria about 1885. Fruit medium to rather large, long-ovate; skin leaf-green turning to yellow-green at maturity, half the fruit on the sun-exposed side often being a dark brown-red; flesh yellowish-white, coarse, very juicy, saccharine and astringent; good for transporting; Oct. and Nov.

=Knoops Simmtbirne. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 98, 283. 1876. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 242. 1889.

_Poire Canelle._ =3.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:143, fig. 552. 1881.

Origin uncertain, possibly Dutch. Dr. Diel received it from Harlem under the name of _Franse Canneel-Peer_. Knoop described under the name _Fondante de Brest_, a variety to which he gave the synonym _Franse Canneel-Peer_, but it is not the _Fondante de Brest_ of Duhamel and other French authors. Fruit medium, nearly short-conic, and sometimes conic and somewhat pyriform; skin fine and thin, clear green sown with numerous small, brown dots changing to dull yellow; flesh white, slightly tinted with yellow, buttery or semi-buttery, gritty around the core, juice sufficient, sweet and perfumed; good for eating raw and very good for cooking; Sept.

=Kolmasbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 164, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit small, globular or longish-pyriform, smooth, shining, dirty greenish-yellow, golden on the sun-exposed side, dotted with red; flesh yellowish-white, coarse, very juicy, saccharine, astringent; late Sept.

=Kolstuck. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =6=:113, fig. 441. 1880.

_Koolstock._ =2.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:158. 1908.

Origin unknown. Reported on trial at the Experiment Station, Agassiz, B. C, in 1900. Fruit medium or nearly medium, obtuse-conic-pyriform, rather like Calebasse in form, often a little irregular in contour, clear green on which, in parts, are visible very small specks of gray-black; at maturity the basic green changes to pale yellow and the cheek exposed to the sun is extensively washed or flamed with bright vermilion; medium early.

=König Karl von Württemberg. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 242. 1889. =2.= Lucas _Tafelbirnen_ 239, fig. 98. 1894.

_Roi Charles de Wurtemberg._ =3.= _Guide Prat._ 61. 1895.

Obtained about 1886 by Herr Müller, gardener to the King of Württemberg. Fruit large to very large, oval, bossed, obtuse, pale yellow, speckled with russet and brown dots; flesh fine, nearly melting, agreeably perfumed, juicy, good for dessert and is decorative for the table; Oct. and Nov.

=Königliche Weissbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:35. 1856.

Holland, 1804. Fruit medium, obtuse-conic, rounded at the apex, regular; skin shining, smooth, light green turning to greenish-yellow, green dots; flesh breaking, white, sweet, aromatic, fairly melting; second for dessert, first for cuisine; early Sept.

=Königsbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:142. 1856.

North German, 1773. Fruit large, sides unequal, smooth, light green turning to yellow, dotted with fine gray; flesh breaking, tender, sweet; second for table, first for household; Aug. and Sept.

=Konstanzer Langler. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 44, fig. 1913.

A perry pear grown in the Voralberg, Austria, and in Bavaria, Baden and other parts of Germany. Fruit medium to large, long-pyriform, greenish, speckled with brownish-red dots and patches of russet; flesh greenish-white, juicy, of a saccharine and acidulous flavor; end of Sept.

=Kraft Sommer Bergamotte. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 244. 1889.

_Bergamotte d'été de Kraft._ =2.= _Guide Prat._ 102. 1895.

Fruit small, spherical-oblate, fine, bright yellow; flesh breaking, sugary; end of Aug. and beginning of Sept.

=Krauelbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:162. 1856.

Reported in Holstein, Ger., 1788. Fruit small, globular, wrinkled and uneven; flesh granular, sweet, wanting in juice; third for dessert, good for culinary use; Nov. to Whitsuntide.

=Kreiselförmige Flegelbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:5. 1856.

Upper Hesse, Ger., 1806. Reported by Diel. Fruit large, turbinate, entirely covered with russet, with very dark dots, breaking, fragrantly scented; first for household; Jan.

=Kriegebirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:2. 1856.

Switzerland, Schwaben, published 1804. Fruit small, globular, yellow-green, shining, dark blush with gray specks; first for household and market; Oct.

=Krivonogof. 1.= _Can. Hort._ =27=:291. 1894.

Originated in the Province of Toula, Russia. Tree very hardy. Fruit of good quality.

=Krockhals. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:101. 1856.

Nassau, 1806. Published by Diel. Fruit medium, pyriform, bent or acutely sloping, lemon-yellow, cinnamon-russeted, often having a dark blush, heavily dotted; flesh rather white, granular, buttery, melting, juicy and extremely aromatic; first for table and cooking; Nov. and Dec.

=Krull. 1.= _Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 36, 112. 1890. =2.= Budd-Hansen _Am. Pom. Man._ =2=:252. 1903.

_Krull Winter._ =3.= _Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 330. 1888.

Originated on the farm of Mr. Krull, St. Charles, Mo., about 1808, and brought to notice by C. T. Mallinckrodt in 1888. Fruit type of Lawrence, medium, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, green with a tinge of yellow; stem short, thick, in a shallow cavity; calyx open, in a shallow basin; flesh yellowish, firm, granular, tough, rather dry, sweet, flat; poor to above; keeps into winter.

=Krummgestielte Feigenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:191. 1856.

Saxony, 1807. Fruit medium, pyriform, thick-skinned, yellow-green with brown blush and rather rust-colored on the side next the sun, speckled with very fine dots; flesh yellowish-white, glutinous, very sweet, wanting in flavor; third for dessert, first for domestic use; Oct.

=Kuhfuss. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 245. 1889.

_Pied-de-Vache._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:35, fig. 210. 1879.

The origin of this pear, probably German, is not definitely known, but according to Oberdieck it was cultivated in almost all the large gardens of Hanover, and bore the name of _Pfundbirn_ or _Pound Pear_ at Hildesheim, Göttingen and Cassel. Fruit large, globular-turbinate; skin rather thick, of an intense green, speckled with dots of a darker shade, the green turning to yellow at maturity; flesh white, tinted with green, coarse, semi-melting; juice abundant, saccharine, acidulous and refreshing; good; Aug.

=Kurskaya. 1.= _Neb. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 30. 1890.

Introduced from Russia in 1879. Fruit oblong-obtuse-pyriform, brownish-green changing partially to deep yellow when fully ripe; stem set in a narrow, shallow depression; calyx open in a rather wide, smooth basin; flesh nearly white, tender, not very juicy, nearly sweet; fair; Oct.

=L'Inconnue Van Mons. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =17=:67. 1851. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 596. 1884.

_Unbekannte Von Mons._ =3.= Oberdieck _Obst-Sort._ 334. 1881.

Fruit large, pyriform, rough to the touch, greenish-yellow, covered with large gray dots and patches of cinnamon-russet; flesh yellowish, firm, very juicy, rich and sugary, with an agreeable aroma; first; Feb.

=L'Inconstante. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =5=:63, fig. 530. 1880.

_Inconstant._ =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 788. 1869.

A seedling raised either by Van Mons or by his successor, Bivort. Fruit medium, conic or conic-pyriform, a little variable in form; skin thin, tender, pale green, sprinkled with very small and inconspicuous dots of gray fawn; on ripening the basic green changes to clear yellow, often preserving a green tint on the side next the sun, sometimes tinted with light red; flesh whitish, semi-fine, very melting, rather granular near the core; juice abundant, saccharine and more or less perfumed; good; Oct.

=La Béarnaise. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 94. 1895.

Obtained by P. Tourasse, Pau, Basses Pyrénées, Fr. Fruit above medium or large, well colored; flesh melting, juicy; first; Nov.

=La Cité Gomand. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3=:105, fig. 149. 1878.

Attributed by Van Mons to M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit small, short-obtuse-turbinate, usually regular in outline, very clear green, whitish, speckled with very small dots not clearly visible; at maturity the basic color changes to pale yellow, slightly golden or washed with a suggestion of red on the side next the sun; flesh white, rather fine, semi-buttery; juice slightly deficient, sugary, faintly perfumed; second; end of Sept.

=La France. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 3d Ser. =27=:350. 1900. =2.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. Fr._ 282, fig. 1906.

Obtained by Claude Blanchet, Vienne, Isere, Fr., about 1864. Fruit medium or rather large, globular-conic, irregular, strongly bossed, greenish, sometimes pale yellow, freely dotted with gray; flesh white, fine or nearly fine, very melting; juice very saccharine, perfumed; very good; Oct. and Nov.

=La Moulinoise. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 797. 1869.

A foreign variety, probably French. Fruit large, oblong-pyriform, greenish-yellow, partially netted and patched with russet and thickly sprinkled with brown-russet dots; flesh yellowish, juicy, melting, sweet, slightly vinous; first; Sept.

=La Quintinye. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:570, fig. 1869.

Raised from a bed made in 1846 by M. Boisbunel, a nurseryman at Rouen, Fr.; first published in 1860. Fruit above medium or sometimes less, globular, irregular, bossed, sides unequal, pale yellow, thickly dotted and shaded with gray-russet, and sometimes reddened on the side next the sun; flesh white, fine, semi-melting; juice abundant, saccharine, slightly aromatic but agreeably tart; second and sometimes first when the flesh is well perfumed; Mar. to May.

=La Savoureuse. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =1=:25, fig. 19. 1866-73. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 797. 1869.

Probably of German origin. Fruit nearly medium, globular-oblate, intense green with greenish-brown dots; flesh greenish-white, buttery, sweet, fine, agreeably refreshing, perfumed like the Bergamots, a little gritty around the center, third; all winter.

=La Solsticiale. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 95. 1895.

Reported on trial in the orchards of Messrs. Simon-Louis at Metz, Lorraine, in 1895. Fruit rather large, elongated, obtuse, yellowish tinted with russet; flesh saffron in hue, semi-breaking, very sugary and strongly perfumed; May to July.

=La Vanstalle. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 178. 1832.

"Fruit perfectly pyramidal; highly colored with red; of medium size; flesh granulous, becoming insipid, and finally soft; it keeps till the middle of October. I did not find this fruit excellent; it is however, better than the Doyenné, (St. Michael)."

=Lacroix. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 3d Ser. =1=:442. 1887.

Published in _Revue Horticole_ in 1887. Fruit medium, regular pyriform, yellow blushed and spotted with red on the exposed side; flesh white, flavor said to be like that of Easter Beurré; Dec. and Jan.

=Lady Clapp. 1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 178. 1896. =2.= Ellwanger & Barry _Cat._ 17. 1900.

Fruit large, yellow; flesh juicy, melting, vinous; first; Sept., following Bartlett.

=Lafayette. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 796. 1869. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:13, fig. 199. 1879.

Originated in Connecticut. Fruit small, globular-pyriform, pale yellow, stained with russet, passing at maturity to lemon-yellow and the russet becoming golden, numerous dots of gray-brown; flesh yellowish, rather fine, melting, slightly gritty at the core, buttery, very juicy, sweet but lacking flavor; medium; Oct.

=Lahérard. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:324, fig. 1869.

Origin uncertain, but attributed to Van Mons. Fruit above medium, ovate, mammillate at summit, sometimes rather elongated but generally more swelled at the middle, thin-skinned, yellow-ochre or greenish-yellow, vermilioned on the face exposed to the sun, dotted with fine specks and stains of gray especially around the calyx; flesh white, fine, melting, juicy, rather granular around the core; juice abundant, very sugary, acid, and having an exquisite savor; first; Oct.

=Lammas. 1.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 418. 1831. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 601. 1884.

Originated possibly in the Highlands of Scotland, being recommended for that district by Lindley. Grown also in England. Fruit below medium, pyramidal, regular pale yellow, streaked with red next the sun; flesh melting, tender, juicy, agreeable; good; Aug.

=Lämmerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:54. 1856.

German. Franken, Bavaria, 1809. Fruit below medium, ovate-conic, whitish-green; flesh hard, juicy, somewhat aromatic, and sweet and acid; third for table, first for cooking and market; July.

=Lancaster. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 119. 1875.

A seedling grown by T. S. Lancaster, Gloucester, Mass., and exhibited in 1875. Fruit medium, oblong-pyriform, yellow, with brown-russet; flesh coarse, juicy, buttery; hardly good; late autumn.

=Landsberger Malvasier. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:126. 1856.

Raised by Burchardt at Landsberg, Ger., 1851. Fruit medium, often large, conic, even sides, dark yellow, speckled with russet dots; flesh rather white, buttery, melting; very valuable, first for dessert and market; Nov. and Dec.

=Langbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:2. 1856. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 245. 1889.

_D'Ane._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:129, fig. 1867.

Switzerland and Germany, 1804; particularly popular in the former country where it is very generally cultivated, and often known as the _Étrangle_. Fruit medium or above, very long, like Calebasse in form, greenish-yellow turning to lemon-yellow, somewhat blushed, and speckled with dots of greenish-gray; first for culinary use; end of Aug.

=Lange gelbe Bischofsbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:140. 1856.

Holland, 1804. Fruit medium, oblong; sides unequal; skin smooth, yellowish-green turning to light yellow, sometimes slightly blushed, dotted with yellow; flesh spongy, lacking juice, glutinous, sweet and scented with rose; third for table, first for kitchen and market; end of Aug.

=Lange Gelbe Muscatellerbirne. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 98. 1876. =2.= _Ibid._ 68. 1895.

German. Tree vigorous, fertile, resisted the phenomenal frost in Europe 1879-1880. Fruit small, yellow, dotted with carmine; of moderate quality; second half of Aug.

=Lange Grüne Winterbirne. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 245. 1889.

_Longue Verte d'Hiver._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:137, fig. 549. 1881.

A German variety cultivated especially in Saxony and Thuringia. Fruit medium or nearly so, conic-pyriform, often rather deformed, one side being longer than the other at either end; skin firm, water-green, sprinkled with numerous indistinct dots regularly spaced, the basic green changing to greenish or yellowish-white; flesh white, rather fine, semi-melting; juice plentiful, sweet, sugary, agreeable but wanting in perfume; good; autumn and early winter.

=Lange Mundnetzbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:112, fig. 1856. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 246. 1889.

Thuringia, 1794. Fruit medium, ventriculous, grass-green turning to greenish-yellow, often faintly blushed, dotted with green; very good for dessert, good for household and market; Aug.

=Lange Sommer-Bergamotte. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:39. 1856.

Thuringia, 1794. Fruit below medium, long-turbinate, yellow-green turning to whitish-yellow, rough, heavily dotted with brown, slightly russeted, thick-skinned; flesh yellowish-white, breaking, granular becoming glutinous; first for table; Aug.

=Lange Wasserbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 46, fig. 1913.

This perry pear is found spread throughout Upper and Lower Austria. Fruit medium, long-pyriform, very regular in contour; skin fine, smooth, shining, yellow-green when ripe, very densely dotted with fine spots, some cinnamon-brown russet around the stem and calyx; flesh whitish, coarse-grained, juicy, sweet but insipid and without aroma; Sept.

=Langstieler. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:171. 1856. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 246. 1889.

Switzerland, Baden and Württemberg, published 1830. Fruit small, pyriform, grass-green, russeted on the side next the sun, gray dots; flesh yellowish-white, fine-grained, tartish; third for the table, first for cider and culinary use; Oct. Suitable for every situation.

=Langstielige Pfaffenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:43. 1856.