Chapter V: Minor Varieties of Pears (7)

Danish. Fruit medium to large, pale yellow, dotted; flesh white, melting, juicy, sugary, perfumed; good; Aug.

=Comtesse de Grailly. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:165, fig. 83. 1872.

Introduced by Eugène des Nouhes, near Pouzanges, Vendée, Fr., in 1867. Fruit medium, globular-conic, flattened at the two poles, very bright green changing to a beautiful lemon-yellow on ripening, golden on the side of the sun, sprinkled with numerous fawn dots; flesh white, fine, melting, rather granular at the core, with abundant sweet juice and a delicate perfume; Oct. and Nov.

=Comtesse de Paris. 1.= _Rev. Hort._ 242, fig. 89. 1898. =2.= _Cat. Cong. Pom. France_ 218, fig. 1906.

Obtained by W. Fourcine, Dreux, Fr., about 1893. Fruit medium, long-pyriform, bent toward stem, greenish-yellow, tinted with fawn around the stem and calyx and dots of russet over the rest of the skin; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, extremely juicy, very sugary, mild flavor; good; Dec.

=Condorcet. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:597, fig. 1867.

Of unknown origin; named after the Marquis of Condorcet. Fruit below medium or small, turbinate, acute and undulating at base, but sometimes somewhat obtuse and mammillate, always mammillate at crown, bright yellow, dotted, streaked and patched with russet; flesh white, semi-fine, melting, slightly gritty at core; juice enough, sugary, aromatic, rather savory; second; Sept.

=Conference. 1.= Nicholson _Dict. Gard._ =3=:51. 1900. =2.= _Garden_ =62=:367, fig. 1902. =3.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 166. 1920.

Named after the National (British) Pear Conference of 1885. Originated by Rivers, the English pomologist, and introduced in 1894. It is now grown in enormous quantities in England for market purposes and is said to be one of the most regular cropping varieties. Tree a moderate grower, very productive. Fruit medium to above, slightly long-gourd-shaped, even, smooth, shining green, dotted with russet; stem long, woody; calyx open in a shallow basin; flesh pale yellow, slight pinkish tinge, melting, very juicy, sweet, good; Oct. and Nov.

=Congrès de Gand. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 73. 1895.

A Belgian variety distributed by Daras de Naghin of Antwerp. Fruit medium, pyriform, fawn color; flesh white, melting; good; Oct.

=Congrès Pomologique. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:598, fig. 1867. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees. Am._ 728. 1869.

Raised by Boisbunel, Rouen, 1854. Fruit above medium, turbinate, globular and bossed; skin rough, olive-yellow, slightly dotted with brown, more or less clouded with pale red on the cheek next the sun; flesh yellowish-white, fine, melting, juicy, sugary, acidulous, having a pleasant flavor of musk; first; Nov. and Dec.

=Conkleton. 1.= Ragan _Nom. Pear, B. P. I. Bul._ =126=:85. 1908.

Raised in Texas from seed of Le Conte. Cataloged as "new" in 1902.

=Conklin. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 728. 1869.

Originated in Westchester County, N. Y. Fruit medium large, oblate-obtuse-pyriform, greenish-yellow sprinkled with green and brown dots, russeted; flesh yellowish, coarse, half melting, sweet, juicy; good; Sept.

=Connecticut. 1.= Field _Pear Cult._ 272. 1858.

Raised in Connecticut. Fruit medium, oblate, yellowish-green; quality poor.

=Conseiller de Hollande. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 554. 1884.

Fruit large, pyramidal, golden-yellow, much covered with rather rough, cinnamon-colored russet, with a warm orange glow on the sun-exposed side, with some streaks of crimson, and some green specks and large dots on the shaded side; flesh firm and crisp, yellowish, not melting, deficient in juice, sweet and with a musky aroma; handsome but third rate; Oct.

=Conseiller Ranwez. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:599, fig. 1867. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 554. 1884.

Raised by Van Mons; it fruited in 1841. Fruit large, pyramidal, bright green, covered with fawn dots, becoming yellow within a day or two of its ripening; flesh fine-grained, half-buttery, tender; juice plentiful, sugary, vinous and delicately perfumed; good but variable; Oct. and Nov.

=Constant Claes. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 108, 260. 1876. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:91, fig. 526. 1881.

A Belgian variety distributed in 1863 by de Jonghe. Fruit medium or rather large, conic-pyriform; skin thin and slender, pale green, washed on ripening with light orange-red; flesh white, fine, melting; juice abundant, sweet, vinous and pleasantly scented; first; Sept.

=Cooke. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 484. 1857. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 372. 1859.

Place of origin, King George County, Va. Introduced by H. R. Roby, Fredericksburg, Va. Fruit rather large, irregularly pyramidal, pale-yellow; flesh juicy, buttery, melting, sweet, rich, vinous; mid-season.

=Copia. 1.= McIntosh _Bk. Gard._ =2=:455. 1855. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 571. 1857. =3.= _Ibid._ 729. 1869.

Originated about the middle of last century at Philadelphia. Fruit large, yellow, with specks of russet, broad-turbinate; flesh sugary, rather coarse, somewhat resembling the Beurré Diel in flavor; good; Sept. and Oct.

=Cornélie Daras. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 89. 1895.

Distributed by Daras de Naghin of Antwerp, Bel. Fruit medium, globular, lemon-yellow; flesh fine, melting, juicy, sugary and well perfumed; Nov. and Dec.

=Cornemuse. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 335. 1862. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:602, fig. 1867.

This is one of the most ancient French pears and was cultivated in 1628 at Orléans, Le Lectier tells, under the name _Chair de Fille_ but a little later under that of Cornemuse, it being described by Claude Saint-Etienne in 1670. Fruit below medium, long, somewhat gourd-shaped, narrow and undulating towards the stem, golden-yellow, shining, speckled with gray dots on the shaded side and with dull yellow on side exposed, and also extensively washed with carmine on the same side; flesh yellowish-white, fine, semi-melting; juice abundant, acidulous, sugary and aromatic; first; July.

=Cornewell. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 59. 1858. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =26=:64. 1860.

A variety of unknown origin which about 1830-5 was disseminated by the "Vermont grafters" who travelled the country setting grafts for those who desired. Fruit medium, globular, greenish-yellow, much russeted, and with many dark and purple specks; flesh yellowish-white, tender, melting, juicy, vinous, spicy and rather astringent; good; Sept.

=Coter. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =12=:149. 1846. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 729. 1869.

One of Van Mons' seedlings. Fruit medium, varying from obtuse to acute-pyriform, light green or yellowish with russet dots and patches; flesh whitish, tender, juicy, vinous; good; Oct. to Dec.

=Coule-Soif de Cerutti. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =5=:15, fig. 296. 1880.

Origin unknown but was named after a druggist named Cerutti of Camburg, Saxe-Meiningen, Ger., who propagated it in the environs of that village. Fruit medium, turbinate, very bright green, speckled with dots of bright brown, changing to yellow on ripening; flesh whitish, a little transparent, coarse, semi-melting; juice very plentiful, sugary, refreshing; good; Sept.

=Courte-queue d'Automne. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:603, fig. 1867. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 91. 1876.

Raised by Leroy in his nurseries at Angers, it bore its first fruit in 1863. Fruit medium, globular, irregular, one side usually less swelled than the other, bright green, dotted with brown, much stained with russet and blushed with tender rose on the exposed side; flesh white, very fine, semi-melting; juice abundant, sugary, having a delicate scent and a most agreeable tartish flavor; first; Oct.

=Courte-queue d'Hiver. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 110. 260. 1876. =2.= _Ibid._ 66. 1895.

Obtained by Boisbunel, Rouen, Fr. Fruit large, gray; flesh fine, very melting, sugary and perfumed, slightly musky; Mar. to May.

=Cousin Blanc. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =5=:133, fig. 355. 1880.

Of Flemish origin. Cataloged by M. Jahn, 1864. Fruit medium, globular-conic, very pale green, sprinkled with very fine points of fawn; flesh white, slightly tinted with yellow, semi-fine and melting, fairly full of richly saccharine juice having a fresh and pleasant flavor of almond.

=Couteau. 1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 593. 1629.

Mentioned by John Parkinson in 1629 in a list of pears grown in England at that time as a pear that is "neither good one way nor other."

=Craig. 1.= _Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 177, fig. 1885-86.

_Early Butter of Indiana._ =2.= Hooper _W. Fr. Book_ 154. 1857.

One of several seedling pear trees brought from Vincennes, Ind., by John Wright and planted at Vevay, Ind., in 1804. Fruit very small, globular-acute-pyriform, pale lemon-yellow, with faint indication of blush and many minute, russet dots; flesh white, juicy, rather firm, pleasant; fair, becomes mealy when fully ripe; June.

=Craig Favourite. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 554. 1884. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 199. 1889.

A valuable autumn dessert pear in Scotland; raised in the neighborhood of Perth, for which climate it is admirably adapted. Fruit medium, obovate-turbinate, yellowish-green in the shade, almost entirely covered with thin russet which is again covered with dots and patches of coarser russet and next the sun dull red, streaked with livelier red, mottled with orange and thickly strewed with large, gray-russety dots; flesh white, semi-buttery, juicy, sugary, perfumed; dessert; Sept.

=Crassane. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:166, Pl. XXII. 1768. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 728. 1869.

_Bergamotte Crassane._ =3.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =2=:61, fig. 1854. =4.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:231, fig. 1867.

An ancient pear of obscure origin. In the middle of the seventeenth century it was introduced for cultivation in France by La Quintinye, gardener to King Louis XIV. It appears to have derived its name from the Latin word _crassus_ which signifies thick. Some authorities have suggested it was named after the celebrated Roman Consul Marcus Lucinius Crassus who, with Julius Caesar and Pompey, formed the first triumvirate, and who died 53 B.C. The balance of authority is in favor of its having had a French origin. By Belgian and some French and German writers it is known as the _Bergamotte Crassane_. Fruit medium and above, globular, bossed, flattened at extremities, bright greenish-yellow, veined and dotted with fawn; flesh buttery, melting, tender, of a rich sugary flavor and perfume; a dessert pear of formerly high reputation but rather superseded; Oct. to Dec.

=Crassane Libotton. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:13, fig. 7. 1872.

According to the catalog of Van Mons this is a gain of a M. Libotton and is probably Belgian. Fruit small, almost a globe, depressed at both poles; skin thick, intense green, dotted with black spots, sometimes blushed on ripening; flesh white, semi-fine and melting, sweet, vinous, agreeably perfumed; suitable for large orchards; Sept. and Oct.

=Crassane du Mortier. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 77. 1895.

Obtained by B. C. Mortier in France. Fruit rather large, turbinate, yellow marked with green; flesh very melting and juicy; first; Nov.

=Crawford. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 335. 1845. =2.= _Ibid._ 729. 1869. =3.= Bunyard-Thomas _Fr. Gard._ 139. 1908.

_Chalk._ =4.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 163. 1920.

This tree, probably of Scotch origin, grows to a large size in the orchards of Kent, Eng., and is often planted on the windy sides of plantations as a protection to other trees. Tree stout, remarkably productive. Fruit below medium, obovate, pale green, with faintest red blush; stem stout, medium short, fleshy; calyx open, in a shallow basin; flesh nearly white, mealy, sweet, juicy; flavor nil; Aug.

=Crede Kegelförmige Zuckerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:48. 1856.

A German variety cultivated in Hesse and Franconia in 1828. Fruit medium, conic, covered with cinnamon-russet, somewhat blushed; flesh granular, sweet, with an agreeable cinnamon flavor; good; Sept.

=Crede Sommerrusselet. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:47. 1856.

Reported from Upper Hesse, Ger., in 1833. Fruit small, pyriform, light yellow, blushed with light red; flesh soft, aromatic; very fruitful, excellent; Sept.

=Crisco. 1.= _U. S. D. A. Rpt._ 288. 1893.

A seedling of Seckel raised in North Carolina by Robert Crisco. Fruit roundish, below medium in size, greenish-yellow, nearly covered with russet; dots numerous; calyx small, closed, in a moderately deep basin; stem medium, stout, fleshy at base; cavity small; flesh greenish-white, fine, juicy, mild subacid, almost sweet; good to very good.

=[vC]rnivka. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 10, fig. 1913.

A Russian wild pear. Fruit small, globular, rather acute toward stalk, yellowish-green, with some brown-russet; flesh white, agreeable; a good wild pear; Sept.

=Crocker. 1.= _U. S. D. A. Yearbook_, 497, Pl. LX. 1905.

Originated in an orchard planted by gold miners near Loomis, Cal., about 1850 and known locally as _Crocker Bartlett_. Fruit medium, oblong-obovate-pyriform, somewhat angular, golden-yellow, netted and russeted; stem medium to long, slender, obliquely inserted; calyx small, closed, in a deep, abrupt basin; flesh yellowish, buttery, juicy, mild subacid to sweet; very good; Jan. to Mar.

=Croft Castle. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =8=:60. 1842. =2.= _Ibid._ =13=:154. 1847. =3.= Mas _Le Verger_ =3=:Pt. 2, 121, fig. 157. 1866-73.

Raised by T. A. Knight, former President of the London Horticultural Society. Fruit medium, globular at the stalk end, greenish-yellow, covered with large, brown dots and russet markings; flesh whitish, a little gritty but melting, juicy, rich, sugary, and perfumed; an excellent dessert pear; Oct.

=Cross. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =7=:132, fig. 8. 1841. =2.= _Ibid._ =20=:138. 1854.

Originated with a Mr. Cross, Newburyport, Mass. Fruit medium, globular-ovate, smooth, deep yellow, red on the sunny side, covered with russet dots, patches of russet around the eye; flesh yellowish-white, tender, juicy, of a rich, spicy flavor; a handsome and excellent fruit; Dec.

=Crouch. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 730. 1869.

Originated at Colchester, Conn. Fruit below medium, globular, inclining to oblate, pale yellow, netted and patched with russet, many russet dots; flesh whitish, juicy, melting, sweet, pleasant; good; Sept.

=Crow. 1.= John S. Kerr _Cal._ 11. 1898.

Described by John S. Kerr, Sherman, Tex., as new in his catalog of 1898. Fruit said to be like Bartlett in shape and color; finest flavor; Sept.

=Cullem. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:165, fig. 275. 1879.

From Van Mons. Fruit medium, pyriform-ovate, tender, green, dotted with fine specks of brown-fawn passing to pale whitish-yellow on ripening, with the cheek exposed to the sun blushed with red and golden hues; flesh yellowish-white, rather transparent, firm and yet melting; abundant juice with flavor recalling that of the old White Doyenné; good in quality, but a poor bearer; Oct. and Nov.

=Cumberland. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 168. 1832. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =26=:508. 1860. =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:608, figs. 1867. =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 730. 1869.

Alexandre Bivort and M. de Jonghe declared that this variety was one of Van Mons' seedlings while Downing, Kenrick and Manning affirmed it to be a native of Cumberland, R. I. The conflicting opinion is explained by the fact that the _Cumberland_ of the first parties is really _Henkel_. Fruit large, obovate-pyriform, pale yellow on the shaded side and greenish-yellow on the side of the sun, dotted with gray-russet and having some russet patches; flesh white, semi-fine, dense, melting, very juicy, sugary, acidulous, rather pleasantly flavored, slightly perfumed; second; Sept.

=Curé d'Oleghem. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =1=:613, fig. 1867. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:171, fig. 278. 1879.

Probably of Belgian origin, having been described by Bivort in 1852 and placed in the General List of fruits cultivated in the garden of the Society of Van Mons in 1857. Fruit small, globular, bossed, larger on one side than on the other, greenish-yellow, dotted all over with russet and extensively washed with the same around the stem; flesh white, fine, melting, gritty at center; juice scanty, little sugar, no perfume, very acid; third; Oct.

=Cushing. 1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =1=:144. 1832. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 730. 1869.

A native pear which originated on the farm of Col. Washington Cushing, Hingham, Mass. It was introduced to notice at the first annual show of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1829. Fruit medium, somewhat variable according to cultivation and soil, obovate-obtuse, light greenish-yellow, sometimes blushed with dull red on the sunny side and sprinkled all over with russety dots; flesh fine, white, melting, juicy, agreeably sprightly, rich; very good, among the best autumn pears; Sept.

=Czernowes. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:17, fig. 489. 1881.

Of unknown origin. Fruit medium, turbinate-obovate or pyriform-obovate, often bossed; when ripe is a brilliant lemon-yellow, with some dots except on the side of the sun which is tinged with light orange-red; flesh white, fine, buttery, melting, with abundant sugary juice, slightly musky, agreeable; first; Sept.

=D'Amboise. 1.= Decaisne & Naudin _Man. Amat. Jard._ =4=:464.

Fruit medium, oblate or turbinate, greenish-yellow, washed with very bright red, marked with brown around the stem; flesh very white, sweet, without scent.

=D'Arad. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =5=:187, fig. 382. 1880.

A Hungarian variety; probably originated in the County of Arad in the west of Transylvania. Fruit medium, an almost perfect ellipsoid; skin rather thick, water-green, often nearly covered with brown-russet; flesh yellowish, semi-fine, buttery, melting, full of richly saccharine juice, vinous and perfumed; good; Sept.

=D'Auch. 1.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 397. 1831. =2.= Decaisne & Naudin _Man. Amat. Jard._ =4=:473.

This pear greatly resembles _Colmar_ in almost every respect and has often been confused with it. It is, however, more full next the stalk and arrives at maturity somewhat later and its flesh has a higher flavor. D'Auch was introduced into England before 1817 by the Duke of Northumberland. Fruit very large, long, bossed, irregular, obtuse; skin a lively yellow washed with orange-red; flesh breaking, sweet; not high in quality.

=D'Oeuf. 1.= Duhamel _Trait Arb. Fr._ =2=:157. 1768. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:470, fig. 1869. =3.= _Guide Prat._ 55, 256. 1895.

A Swiss pear largely grown in the neighborhood of Basle. The botanist Valerius Cordus described it in 1561. Fruit small, oval, greenish-yellow, strewed with gray-russet dots, more or less tinged with red on the side of the sun; flesh white and semi-fine, semi-breaking or melting, rich, sugary, musky; juice abundant; second; Aug.

=Daimyo. 1.= _W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 129. 1888. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 105. 1895.

A Japanese variety. Fruit medium, roundish-pyriform, clear yellow with minute pale or brownish dots; stem long, curved, slender, set in a slight depression; calyx open, in a shallow basin; flesh white, coarse, crisp; poor; Oct. and Nov.

=Dallas. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =11=:252. 1845. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 730. 1869.

In 1843 this, one of Governor Edwards' seedlings raised at New Haven, Conn., was exhibited to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Fruit medium, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, dull yellow, thickly interlaced with cinnamon-russet sprinkled with crimson and russet dots; flesh yellowish-white, fine, melting, buttery, juicy, aromatic; good; Oct. to Dec.

=Dame. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:1, fig. 1869. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 200. 1869.

For two and a half centuries this variety has been known in the Department of Maine-et-Loire under the name of Dame, though in one district it bore the name of _des Buhards_. Fruit medium, globular-ovate, mammillate around calyx; skin rough, grass-green, dotted with fawn at each end and sprinkled with gray specks; flesh whitish, semi-fine, tender, semi-melting, gritty; juice sufficient, sweet, acidulous, rather well flavored; third; Sept.

=Dame-verte. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:3, fig. 1869. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:139, fig. 70. 1872.

Attributed to Van Mons about the beginning of the nineteenth century. Fruit above medium, obtuse-conic, skin thick, yellowish-olive, sprinkled with green dots changing to bright yellow and on the side of the sun occasionally touched with crimson; flesh yellowish-white, rather coarse, semi-melting, rather gritty at the center, with plenty of sweet juice, acid but rather savory; second; Aug.

=Darimont. 1.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 369. 1831. =2.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =2=:200. 1832.

A Flemish pear new in the early part of the nineteenth century. Fruit medium, oblong, tapering somewhat toward the stalk, yellowish-gray-russet, sprinkled with numerous scabrous specks; flesh white, gritty, melting, with a saccharine, slightly musky and somewhat astringent juice; Sept. and Oct.

=Darlington. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 731. 1869.

An American variety; origin unknown. Fruit large, oblate-obtuse-pyriform, pale yellow, some crimson at times on the side of the sun, nettings and patches of russet and russet dots; flesh whitish, coarse, sweet; moderate quality; rots at core; Sept.

=Dathis. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:4, fig. 1869.

Origin not clear, but it was cultivated in France before the middle of the last century. Fruit large, turbinate and very swelled, one side being often more so than the other, bright yellow passing to grayish-yellow on the cheek touched by the sun, dotted with green; flesh whitish, semi-fine, half-breaking, gritty at center; juice deficient, sugary; second; Oct.

=David. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 91. 1876.

Fruit rather coarse, of handsome pyramidal form, yellowish-green washed with purple; flesh breaking; first quality for cooking purposes; Apr. and May.

=David d'Angers. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 91. 1876. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:6, fig. 1869.

Raised from seed by André Leroy in 1865. Fruit medium to large, turbinate-obtuse, rather pentagonal, mammillate at calyx, bright yellow, finely dotted with fawn; flesh white, fine, melting, juicy, sugary, acidulous, savory, pleasantly perfumed; first; Feb. to Apr.

=Davis. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =23=:107 1857. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 731. 1869.

A seedless native pear found about 1837 by a Mr. Davis, six miles from Philadelphia, on the Westchester Road. Fruit small; variable in form, sometimes globular, usually obtuse-pyriform, yellowish, much russeted; flesh buttery, aromatic, melting, sweet, rather coarse, somewhat vinous; good; Oct.

=De Cerciaux. 1.= Baltet _Cult. Fr._ 373. 1908.

A variety good for perry and for drying. The juice is amber-colored, perfumed and of an agreeable flavor; Oct. and Nov.

=De Chasseur. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =3=:89, fig. 141. 1878.

A seedling of Van Mons which produced fruit in 1842. Fruit medium, pyriform-ovate, slightly obtuse; skin rather thick and tough, pale green, sprinkled with gray-brown dots, becoming at maturity bright yellow, a good deal shaded with brown-russet; flesh white, slightly tinged with green, semi-fine, melting; juice plentiful, sweet, pleasantly perfumed; good; Sept. and Oct.

=De Croixmare. 1.= Baltet _Cult. Fr._ 372. 1908.

A good perry pear cultivated in France. Fruit small, very good, especially for the manufacture of alcohol; has little tannin. The juice is colorless; Sept. and Oct.

=De Duvergnies. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 463. 1863. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:119, fig. 1869.

_Köstliche Van Mons_. =3.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:124. 1856.

Originated by Van Mons; fruited in 1821. Downing describes this pear under the name _Delices Van Mons_ and gives as a synonym _Delices de Mons_, but since these names are also synonyms of _Viconte de Spoelberg_, a very different variety, the name originally given by Van Mons is to be preferred. Fruit medium and often larger, obtuse, long-ovate, regular and bold in contour; surface uneven, slightly constricted near the top, and slightly mammillate; skin thin, rough to the touch, lemon-yellow, dotted all over with greenish-gray, generally vermilioned on the cheek exposed to the sun; flesh yellowish-white, fine or semi-fine, melting, granular around the core; juice abundant, saccharine, vinous, sourish, with a peculiar and delicious aroma; first; Oct.

=De Fer. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:152, fig. 1869.

According to Leroy this pear is at least four centuries old and originated in Germany, where Cordus described it about 1544 under the name of _Pear of Os_. Fruit above medium and often large; form variable, at times prolonged like Calebasse, more generally turbinate-ovate or turbinate-globular; stem obliquely planted; skin slightly wrinkled, bright yellowish-green, more or less vermilioned on the side next the sun, covered with large, gray dots and some streaks of brown-russet; flesh very white, semi-fine, hard and breaking, lacking in juice, sweetish, deficient in perfume; third; Jan. to Mar. or Apr.

=De Fosse. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:191, fig. 1869.

A very ancient French variety mentioned by Le Lectier in his catalog of 1628. Fruit below medium and often small, globular-turbinate, clear yellow dotted and netted with russet; flesh white, semi-fine, firm, semi-breaking, scented; juice abundant, sugary, acidulous; very musky; second or third; Aug. and Sept.

=De Lamartine. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:325, fig. 1869.

_Lamartine._ =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 797. 1869.

Raised by Bivort, director of the nurseries of the Society of Van Mons and first reported in 1850. Fruit small, globular or turbinate, flattened, often irregular and bossed, olive-green, dotted and very much covered with russet; flesh white, coarse, melting, generally gritty around the core; juice sufficient, sweet, musky and delicate; second, or third when the flesh is excessively gritty; Nov.

=De Louvain. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:363, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 734. 1869.

Raised by Von Mons in 1827 and published in 1834. Fruit above medium, obtuse-turbinate, clear grass-green or dull yellow, much covered with fine dots of gray-russet and stains of russet; flesh whitish, semi-fine and semi-melting; juice abundant, saccharine, vinous, with a delicate flavor and perfume of musk; second; Sept.

=De Prêtre. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:190. 1768. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:131. 1843. =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:550, fig. 1869.

A very old French pear just mentioned by the pomologist Le Lectier of Orléans and for a long while known under the names of _Caillout_, _Caillolet_ and _Caillot d'Hiver_. Le Lectier cultivated it in 1600 and cataloged it in 1628. In 1858 Decaisne coupled with it the ancient name of _Carmelite_. Fruit below medium, spherical but sometimes a little elongated and narrowed toward the upper part; skin rather thick, clear brown-russet dotted all over on the side exposed to the sun with whitish points, but with ash-gray points on the other side; flesh white, semi-fine, breaking, gritty at center; juice moderate in amount, saccharine, acidulous, more or less musky; second or third for dessert, first for compotes; Jan. to Mar.

=De Rachinquin. 1.= Kenrick _Am. Orch._ 170. 1832.

Produced by M. Noisette. Fruit round, compressed, rough, brown; flesh melting buttery, sugary, highly flavored; Nov. and Dec.

=Delcange. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 91. 1876.

Fruit large; flesh melting; first quality; Sept.

=Délices de la Cacaudière. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:9, fig. 1869.

Gained by Count Eugène des Nouhes in 1846 near Pouzauges, Vendée, Fr. Fruit above medium, long-conic, slightly obtuse, mammillate at crown and irregular in contour, bright yellow, dotted with gray and greenish specks, colored with carmine on the cheek next the sun; flesh very white and fine, melting; juice abundant, acidulous, sugary, aromatic, rather savory; second; July and Aug.

=Délices de Charles. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:10, fig. 1869. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 74, 262. 1876.

_Wredow._ =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 886. 1869.

Raised in 1826 by Simon Bouvier, Jodoigne, Bel. Fruit medium, turbinate-pyriform but inconstant in contour, dark lemon-yellow, dotted with russet; flesh white, fine, very melting, buttery, sweet, juicy, vinous and with a delicious tartness; good to very good; Oct. to Dec.

=Délices de Chaumont. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 72. 1876. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:133, fig. 547. 1881.

Fruit rather large, conic-ovate, olive spotted with gray; flesh white, buttery, melting, wanting in juice, very sweet; second, cooking.

=Délices Everard. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 558. 1884.

Raised by Gabriel Everard, Tournay, Fr., in 1840. It was sent to England in 1865 and received a first-class certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society in 1875. Fruit small, globular-turbinate, smooth, shining, bright yellow, much speckled and marked with russet; flesh salmon tint, tender, buttery, melting, very juicy, sweet, delicious flavor and fine perfume; Oct. to Feb.

=Délices de Froyennes. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 558. 1884.

Raised by Isidore Degaud, Froyennes, Tournay, Fr. Fruit medium, oval, yellow covered with fawn-colored russet; flesh tender, melting, very juicy, sugary and perfumed, vinous; Oct. and Nov.

=Délices d'Hardenpont. 1.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 99. 1825. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 558. 1884.

Raised by Abbe Hardenpont, Mons, Bel., in 1759. There has been much confusion between this and _Délices d'Hardenpont d'Angers_ and the _Archiduc Charles_ and _Charles of Austria_. Fruit large, oblong-obovate-obtuse; skin smooth, bright green changing to yellow, with pale brown-russet dots; flesh white, tender, buttery, melting, rich, sweet, perfumed; good; Nov.

=Délices d'Hiver. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =6=:61, fig. 415. 1880. =2.= _Gard. Chron._ N. S. =26=:210. 1886.

Distributed by M. Dauvesse, Orléans, Fr., early in the latter half of the nineteenth century. Fruit large; form variable from elongate-pyriform to globular-pyriform with short stalk set obliquely; skin thick, green, heavily dotted; flesh moderately fine, full of sugary juice, acid and delicately perfumed; Dec. to Jan.

=Délices de Huy. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 56, 251. 1895.

Fruit large, conic-pyriform, yellowish-green; flesh greenish-yellow, juicy, pleasantly perfumed; first; Sept.

=Délices de Jodoigne. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:15, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 559. 1884.

Obtained by Simon Bouvier, Jodoigne, Bel., in 1826. Fruit medium, pyriform, irregular, slightly obtuse and larger on one side of the axis than the other, grass-green on the shaded side and reddish-gray on the exposed face, covered with numerous very fine dots of fawn; flesh white, firm, breaking, sweet, juicy, refreshing and aromatic; first; Oct.

=Délices de Ligaudières. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 60. 1895.

Fruit medium, of the style of White Doyenné, but the stem thicker and shorter; flesh fine, melting; first; Oct.

=Délices de Lovenjoul. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =6=:65, fig. 1858. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 734. 1869.

_Jules Bivort._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:15, fig. 1869.

A seedling of Van Mons in whose catalog of 1828 it is No. 521. Fruit medium, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, greenish-yellow washed with orange-red, speckled all over with russet dots; color variable; flesh yellowish-white, fine, melting, semi-buttery; juice abundant, sugary, with an acid flavor and delicious perfume, rich; first; Oct. and Nov.

=Délices de la Meuse. 1.= Field _Pear Cult._ 279. 1858. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:16, fig. 1869.

Laurent de Bavay, Director of the Royal Nurseries of Vilvorde, near Brussels, sent this pear out in 1850. Fruit medium and above, ovate, irregular, bossed, more enlarged on one side than the other, greenish-yellow, very finely speckled with green and brown dots; flesh dirty white, coarse, breaking, gritty at center; juice variable in amount, moderately sweet, acid, musky; second; Feb.

=Délices de Naghin. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 90. 1895.

Fruit rather large, turbinate, yellow, washed with fawn; flesh very juicy, very sweet; an exquisite pear; Nov.

=Délices de Saint-Médard. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 70. 1895.

Sent out from Belgium. Fruit medium or rather large, shining yellow touched with russet; flesh fine, melting, sweet; good quality; Sept.

=Délices de Tirlemont. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 90. 1895.

First placed in commerce by H. Millet, nurseryman at Tirlemont, Bel. Fruit medium or large; flesh melting; first; Jan. to Mar.

=Délicieuse de Grammont. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 92. 1876.

Raised by M. de la Croix d'Ogimont, Tournai, Bel. Fruit medium, long-pyriform, delicate yellowish-green; flesh white, very juicy; first; end of Aug.

=Délicieuse de Swijan. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 90. 1895.

Distributed by Baron de Trauttenberg, Prague, Bohemia. Tree very fertile and suitable for cold and mountainous climates. Fruit medium, globular, yellowish-green, dotted; flesh yellowish-white, fine, melting, sugary; very good; Nov. and Dec.

=Délisse. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 72. 1895.

Fruit medium, oblong, of even contour, much covered with fawn-russet; flesh fine, melting, very juicy; good; Sept. and Oct.

=Delpierre. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:17, fig. 1869. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 70, 252. 1895.

A wilding found in the Canton of Jodoigne, Brabant, Bel. Fruit large, ovate-obtuse-pyriform, wrinkled, thick, olive-green clouded with dark yellow; flesh greenish-white, coarse, semi-melting; juice acid, rather sweet, vinous, abundant; second; Sept.

=Delporte Bourgmestre. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 90. 1895.

Fruit rather large, yellowish; first; Mar. and Apr.

=Democrat. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =25=:69. 1859. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 734. 1869.

A seedling originated in Pennsylvania and introduced as new in 1859. Fruit medium or below, globular-obovate, greenish-yellow with nettings and patches of russet and dotted with russet and brown spots; flesh semi-melting, juicy, sweet, pleasant good; Sept.

=Demorest. 1.= _Wash. Nurs. Cat._ 5. 1921.

Reported as "luscious, larger, later and a better keeper than Bartlett."

=Dempsey. 1.= Ont. Dept. Agr. _Fr. Ont._ 155. 1914.

A Canadian pear produced from a seed of Bartlett fertilized with Duchesse d'Angoulême. fruit large, oblong-obovate-pyriform, smooth, yellowish-green with brownish-red cheek in sun; flesh white, fine-grained, tender, almost melting, with sweet, delicious flavor; Oct. and Nov.

=Denis Dauvesse. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 110. 1876.

Fruit medium to large, long-pyriform; flesh fine, melting, pleasantly perfumed; Sept.

=Des Chartreux. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =2=:171, fig. 84. 1866-73.

Origin uncertain. Fruit small or nearly medium, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, light green, speckled with dots of a very deep green, washed with light red on the sunny side; flesh slightly yellow, fine, more firm than breaking; juice sugary, acidulous, slightly perfumed; second; Aug.

=Des Deux Soeurs. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ 463. 1863.

The original tree was found in the garden of the Misses Knopp of Mechlin, Bel. Fruit medium, oblong, lemon-yellow; flesh melting, juicy, sugary, slightly astringent but wanting in perfume and flavor; grown both in Belgium and France; not first class.

=Désiré Cornélis. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:18, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 560. 1884.

The parent tree was from seed sown by Van Mons; first bore fruit in 1847. Fruit large, oblong-oval, obtuse; skin very fine, pale yellow and often orange-yellow, dotted and netted with greenish-gray; flesh very tender, buttery, melting; juice plentiful, sugary, deliciously perfumed; first; Sept.

=Dessauer Weissbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:35. 1856.

North German, 1804. Fruit medium, smooth, pale greenish-yellow changing to citron yellow, sometimes rather lightly blushed; flesh fine, somewhat soft, sweet, aromatic; good; Aug.

=Deutsche Augustbirne. 1.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 202. 1889.

_D'Aout Allemande._ =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:65, fig. 513. 1881.

A German variety much cultivated in Saxony. Fruit small, ovate; skin rather thick, dull green, sprinkled with small and numerous gray dots, becomes yellow on ripening and somewhat blushed in the sun; flesh green and veined with green, semi-fine, buttery; juice sufficient, sugary, vinous, acid, pleasant; good; Aug.

=Deutsche Glasbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:69. 1856.

German, 1811. Fruit medium, globular-turbinate, bent toward stalk, uniformly light yellow, blushed with russety-red on the side of the sun; flesh sweet; good; Sept.

=Deutsche Kümmelbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:157. 1856.

German, 1802. Fruit small, globular, dirty yellow, washed with russet; flesh very tender, sweet, strongly aromatic and perfumed; good; Sept.

=Deutsche Muskateller. 1.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 106. 1825. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 202. 1889.

_Muscat Allemand d'Hiver._ =3.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:439, fig. 1869.

_German Muscat._ =4.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 772. 1869.

An old pear of uncertain origin. La Quintinye mentioned it without description in 1690, but in 1768 Duhamel du Monceau gave a careful description to distinguish between it and _Royale d'Hiver_ which it somewhat resembles. Fruit medium or above, obovate-obtuse-pyriform, pale yellow, speckled with numerous large, gray dots; flesh yellowish, semi-fine, semi-melting, juicy, granular, sweet, slightly astringent; second; Mar. to May.

=Deux Têtes. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:244. 1768. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:23, fig. 1869.

_Zwibotzenbirne._ =3.= Liegel _Syst. Anleit._ 162. 1825. =4.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 303. 1889.

One of the most ancient pears cultivated in France. Charles Estienne described it in 1530 in his Seminarium, under the name _Pyra Bicipitia_ or _Poirè a Deux-Testes_. It takes its name from its large and oval calyx being placed on two prominences. Fruit small to medium, globular, somewhat turbinate, pale yellowish-green in the shade, blushed on the side next the sun; flesh white, coarse, breaking, juicy, slightly perfumed, but often having an unpleasant acidity; an indifferent dessert fruit; Aug.

=Devergnies. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =6=:57, fig. 1858. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:24, fig. 1869.

Obtained from seed in 1817 in Hainaut by M. Devergnies of Mons. Fruit medium, turbinate-obtuse, much corrugated at summit, olive-green, nearly covered with gray-russet and slightly clouded with orange-red on the side next the sun; flesh yellowish-white, fine, melting, buttery; juice abundant, acidulous, sugary, aromatic; second; Nov. and Dec.

=Dewey. 1.= _Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 55. 1898. =2.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =332=:480, fig. 160. 1913.

An oriental pear, in form resembling Kieffer. Fruit medium, conical to globular-oval, rusty green with faint blush; skin rough; flesh white, juicy, coarse, gritty, fibrous; quality poor; Oct.

=Dhommée. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:25, fig. 1869.

A seedling raised by the Horticultural Society of Angers, Fr.; it first bore fruit in 1858. Fruit medium and often larger, long-ovate, bossed, one side always larger than the other, bright green, finely dotted and much mottled with russet; flesh white, firm, fine, melting, slightly gritty; juice abundant, sugary, acidulous, devoid of perfume; second; Oct. to Dec.

=Dickerman. 1.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 376. 1859. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 736. 1869.

_Dikeman._ =3.= Thomas _Am. Fruit Cult._ 700. 1897.

Obtained by S. D. Pardee, New Haven, Conn. Fruit medium, globular-oblate, often irregular in outline, yellowish, bright cinnamon on the sunny side, covered with minute dots; flesh white, fine, melting, sugary, perfumed; first; Sept.

=Diego. 1.= Parkinson _Par. Ter._ 592. 1629.

Described by John Parkinson in 1629 as a small pear growing in clusters, excellent, and musky in flavor.

=Dienstbotenbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:200. 1856.

Dutch, 1807. Fruit medium, pyriform, light greenish-yellow turning to bright yellow, with only an indistinct red blush, if any; flesh granular, aromatic and sweet; good; Oct.

=Dieudonné Anthoine. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =5=:85, fig. 1857. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:26, fig. 1869.

Obtained by Dieudonné Anthoine at Ecaussines-d'Enghien, Bel., and bore fruit at Brussels in 1850. Fruit medium and above, globular, slightly turbinate, bossed, flattened at both ends, greenish-yellow, dotted with brown, mottled with russet, becoming at maturity a brilliant yellow, washed with vermilion on the side of the sun; flesh very white and very fine, breaking; juice sufficient, sweet, often astringent and only slightly perfumed; second; Oct.

=Diller. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 36. 1852. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 736. 1869.

This pear was approved at the American Pomological Congress in 1852, where it was reported to have been imported from Germany by the Diller family many years previously, but considered by others to be a native of Pennsylvania. Fruit below medium, globular-ovate, cinnamon-russet; flesh somewhat granular, whitish, buttery, melting; juicy with a fine aromatic flavor; good to very good; Aug. and Sept.

=Diman. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 43. 1866.

S. A. Shurtleff, Brookline, Mass., submitted this among other seedlings to the Fruit Committee of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1866. Fruit 2-1/2 in. in diameter, russet, with red cheek; flesh breaking, melting, very sweet and juicy; ripens soundly; all Oct. This pear has improved, year by year, in size and character; first-rate.

=Directeur Alphand. 1.= _Gard. Chron._ N. S. =17=:538. 1882. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 54. 1895.

Sent out in 1880 by Messrs. Croux and Son, Chatenay, Seine, Fr. Fruit very large, oblong-pyriform, yellowish-green passing into golden-green, dotted and splashed with red; flesh white, semi-fine, generally gritty toward the center, sugary; very good for ornament and stewing; Feb. and Mar.

=Directeur Hardy. 1.= _Rev. Hort._ 542. 1894. =2.= _Ibid._ 500, fig. 153. 1894.

From the seed beds of M. Tourasse and promoted by M. Baltet of Troyes, Fr. It was submitted to the Tasting Committee of the Pomological Society of France in 1894 and declared to be very good. Fruit large or medium, turbinate, elongated, obtuse, slightly bent, golden-yellow, washed with red on the exposed side; flesh white, fine, melting, very juicy, sugary, vinous, slightly perfumed; Sept.

=Directeur Tisserand. 1.= _Rev. Hort._ 7. 1900.

Obtained by M. A. Sannier, Rouen, from Beurré d'Hardenpont fertilized with Doyenné du Comice; introduced in 1900. Fruit medium or rather large, ovate-turbinate; skin fine, shining, colored in the sun; flesh white, melting, juicy, sugary, having a peculiar flavor; good; Dec. and Jan.

=Directeur Varenne. 1.= _Rev. Hort._ 6. 1897.

A cross between Easter Beurré and Bergamote Espéren, introduced by M. Arsène Sannier, Rouen, Fr. Fruit large to very large, approaching Easter Beurré in form and color; stem short; flesh very fine, juicy, with a slight aroma.

=Dirkjes Peer. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =1=:25, fig. 13. 1872. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 92. 1876.

Dutch. Fruit medium, globular-conic, lemon-yellow streaked with brownish-red; flesh whitish, semi-breaking, agreeably acid and sugary; second; good for household use; Aug.

=Dix. 1.= Prince _Pom. Man._ =1=:142. 1831. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 737, fig. 1869.

Originated in the garden of Madame Dix, Boston, Mass.; it bore first in 1826. Fruit large, oblong or long-pyriform; skin rough, green, the exposed fruit becoming deep yellow when ripe, marked with distinct russet dots and sprinkled with russet around the stalk; flesh melting, rich, juicy, of a fine flavor and by some thought to be superior to the St. Germain; very good to best; Oct. and Nov.

=Dixie. 1.= Griffing Bros. _Cat._ 19, fig. 1915.

Originated in southern Georgia as a chance seedling, possibly a cross between Le Conte and the Sand Pear; and was introduced in 1914 by Griffing Brothers of Florida. Fruit medium to above, roundish, slightly oblong, light green, sweet, sprightly; Aug.

=Doat. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:29, fig. 1869. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:19, fig. 202. 1879.

The parent tree was noticed by M. Doat in his garden near Fleurance, Gers, Fr. Fruit large, like Calebasse in form; skin rough to the touch, bright yellow dotted with fawn; flesh yellowish-white or greenish, semi-melting, gritty around the core; juice abundant, vinous, sugary, rather aromatic; second; Sept.

=Docteur Andry. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:31, fig. 1869. =2.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 561. 1884.

Raised in the nurseries of M. Boisbunel, Jr., at Rouen, Fr., in 1849. Fruit medium, globular, Bergamot-shaped, bright yellow all over, with dots of russet around the stalk, and sprinkled with small brown specks; flesh very white, fine, melting, somewhat gritty at center, juicy, sugary, with a delicate taste of musk; first; Nov.

=Docteur Bénit. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:31, fig. 1869.

Raised from seed by Van Mons in 1840. Fruit below medium, globular, larger on one side than the other, wrinkled, bronzed all over, dotted with bright grayish-green; flesh whitish, dense, semi-melting, veined with greenish-yellow; juice sufficient, rather sugary, vinous, slightly aromatic; third; Dec. and Jan.

=Docteur Bourgeois. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 62. 1895.

Obtained by M. Sannier, Rouen, Fr. Fruit medium, apple-shaped, lemon-yellow; flesh fine, somewhat granular at center, juicy, with agreeable perfume.

=Docteur Bouvier. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:33, fig. 1869. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 738. 1869.

An excellent French pear suitable for a mild climate. Fruit medium, globular-obovate-pyriform, greenish, more yellow at maturity, sprinkled, shaded and dotted with russet, sometimes with slight crimson and fawn on exposed cheek; flesh rather coarse, melting, juicy, vinous, having but little perfume; good to very good; Dec. to Mar.

=Docteur Capron. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:34, fig. 1869. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 62, 255. 1895.

Obtained by Van Mons in 1842. Fruit medium or rather large, ovate, lemon-yellow; flesh melting, yellow, buttery, sugary, juicy, of good flavor and scented with almond; first; Nov.

=Docteur Chaineau. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 91. 1895.

Fruit rather large; flesh melting; first; Oct.

=Docteur Delatosse. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 91. 1895.

Fruit exquisite; Oct. and Nov. Resisted the severe frost of 1879-80.

=Docteur Gromier. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 110. 1876.

First published in 1873. Fruit medium; flesh very fine, buttery, melting, juicy, with an aroma of mingled rose and musk; first; Oct.

=Docteur Joubert. 1.= _Rev. Hort._ 561. 1893.

Baltet Brothers, Troyes, Fr., introduced this pear in 1893. Fruit rather large, pyriform, clear green passing to pale yellow, dotted with fawn, rosy on the side of the sun; flesh melting; juice abundant, with a sugary taste and having a pleasant perfume; autumn.

=Docteur Koch. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:36, fig. 1869. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:7, fig. 196. 1879.

Raised from seed by André Leroy in 1864. Fruit above medium, ovate, bossed, irregular, lemon-yellow, finely dotted and reticulated with russet, lightly washed with reddish-brown on the side exposed to the sun; flesh whitish, fine, firm, melting, rather gritty about the core, full of sugary juice, acid and pleasantly perfumed; first; Sept.

=Docteur Lentier. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:37, fig. 1869. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 74, 256. 1895.

From seed sown in 1847 by M. Grégoire, Jodoigne, Brabant. Fruit medium, ovate, somewhat elongated, smooth, greenish or lemon-yellow, splashed and dotted with cinnamon-russet; flesh whitish, fine-grained, tender, buttery, melting, juicy, exceedingly rich, sweet and perfumed; first, of the highest merit; Oct.

=Docteur Lindley. 1.= _Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt._ 40. 1871. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 108. 1876.

Shown at the annual exhibition of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1871. Fruit above medium, broadly turbinate, yellow, tinged with red and slightly traced with russet; flesh white, buttery, sweet, highly flavored; very good; Nov.

=Docteur Meniere. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:38, fig. 1869.

Raised from seed by André Leroy, Angers, Fr.; fruited first in 1864. Fruit large, cylindrical, slightly ovate; skin wrinkled, bright yellow, dotted with greenish-gray and partly covered with russet markings; flesh whitish, fine, melting, very juicy, sugary, slightly acid, agreeably-perfumed flavor; Sept.

=Docteur Nélis. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =4=:87, fig. 1856. =2.= Mas _Le Verger_ =3=:Pt. 2, 129, fig. 161. 1866-73.

Obtained by M. Xavier Grégoire, Jodoigne, Bel.; first published in 1847. Fruit above medium or small, turbinate-obtuse, generally much more curved on one side than the other, clear dark lemon-yellow, thinly dotted with russet; flesh yellowish, fine-grained, very tender, melting, juicy and sweet, rather aromatic; second; Sept.

=Docteur P. Bruzon. 1.= _Rev. Hort._ 463. 1906.

Placed on the market as a new variety in 1906 by M. Bruant, Poitiers, Fr. Fruit very large, greenish-yellow, dotted and mottled with russet; flesh white, semi-fine but very juicy, very melting, sugary, pleasantly perfumed; good; Sept.

=Docteur Pariset. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 110. 1876.

Fruit large, nearly cylindrical, golden lemon-yellow; flesh buttery, melting, juicy, sugary and perfumed; first; Nov.

=Docteur Pigeaux. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:40, fig. 1869. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 92. 1876.

From a seed bed of Major Espéren of Mechlin, Bel., placed on the market in 1864. Fruit above medium and often rather large, globular-ovate, yellow tinged with rose; flesh fine, melting; good; Oct. to Dec.

=Docteur Trousseau. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =5=:89, fig. 1857. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 738. 1869.

One of the last of the seedlings of Van Mons; fruited in 1848. Fruit large, pyriform-obtuse, yellowish-green, dotted with bright fawn and stained with brown-russet around the stem; flesh white, buttery, melting, very juicy and aromatic; first; Nov.

=Doctor Bachmann. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 190. 1867.

Produced at the Pomaria nurseries, South Carolina, from seed and reported to the American Pomological Society in 1867. Fruit medium, globular, green with dull red cheek; flesh juicy, vinous and refreshing.

=Doctor Engelbrecht. 1.= Lauche _Deut. Pom._ =11=:No. 70, Pl. 70. 1882.

German. Fruit rather large, pyriform-elongated, nearly smooth, shining, green, clouded with greenish-yellow; flesh yellowish-white, fine, softish, melting, sweet, vinous, with an agreeable cinnamon flavor.

=Doctor Hogg Bergamot. 1.= Hogg _Fruit Man._ 562. 1884.

Raised by T. Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, Eng., from seed of Gansel Late Bergamot; received a first-class certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society in 1878. Fruit produced in great clusters, small, size of Seckel, obovate, even in outline, grass-green, with a dull brownish cheek, changing to deep yellow and bright red cheek with an orange glow; flesh melting, remarkably sweet like honey, with a brisk acidulous flavor and perfume of lemon; one of the richest flavored pears; Sept.

=Doctor Hoskins. 1.= _Rural N. Y._ =44=:201, 203, figs. 120, 121. 1885.

According to correspondence with J. T. Macomber of Adams, Vt., this variety is a seedling of Flemish Beauty. It is said to be medium to above in size, roundish-obtuse, pyriform, pale yellow, red on the sunny side and "very good" in quality.

=Doctor Howe. 1.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 2nd App. 146. 1876.

Originated in garden of Dr. John T. Howe, Birmingham, Conn., about 1890. Fruit medium, globular, inclining to pyriform, somewhat obtuse, greenish changing to light yellow, netted and patched with russet dots; flesh whitish, semi-fine, juicy, melting, sweet, rich, slightly-vinous flavor; promising in 1890; Oct.

=Doctor Turner. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 210. 1862. =2.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 740. 1869.

A pear of Connecticut origin. Tree of good growth, moderately spreading, rather an early and regular although not an over-abundant bearer; young wood a dark olive-brown. Fruit large, oblong-pyriform, with blunt neck; skin pale yellow, sometimes with a slight blush and thickly sprinkled with green and brown dots, a few traces of russet; stalk long, curved, set in a slight depression by a ring or lip; calyx closed; basin rather small; flesh white, juicy, half melting, slightly vinous, somewhat astringent; good; Aug.

=Dodge. 1.= _Cornell Sta. Bul._ =332=:480, fig. 161. 1913.

A hybrid-oriental variety. Fruit medium, ovate-pyriform, narrowing rapidly to the stem, greenish-yellow, profusely dotted; skin thin but tough, russeted near stem; flesh white, juicy, melting, tender, free from grit; fair; Oct.

=Doktorsbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:61. 1856.

German, from the Rhine country, 1833. Fruit large, pyriform, smooth, light-yellow without russet, slightly blushed on side next the sun; flesh agreeable, sweet; good; Oct.

=Donatienne Bureau. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 91. 1895.

On trial in 1895 at Simon Louis's grounds at Metz, Lorraine. Fruit large, ovate-long, bright yellow stained with brown; flesh fine; first.

=Dones. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 92. 1876.

Fruit small; flesh melting, juicy; first; Sept. and Oct.

=Donville. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:42, fig. 1869. =2.= Mathieu _Nom. Pom._ 204. 1889.

An old French pear mentioned first by Merlet in 1675. Fruit medium to large, pyriform-obtuse, bright yellow when ripe, washed with dark red on the side of the sun; flesh-yellowish, semi-fine or coarse, breaking; juice deficient, sweet, no perfume; first for kitchen use; Jan. to Apr.

=Doppelttragende gelbe Muskatellerbirne. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:11. 1856.

Originated in Thuringia, Ger., 1803. Fruit medium, conic, symmetrical, light greenish-yellow; flesh breaking, soft, mild, tender, aromatic; good; Aug.

=Dörell Herbst Muskateller. 1.= Dochnahl _Führ. Obstkunde_ =2=:96. 1856. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =6=:1, fig. 385. 1880.

Fruit nearly medium, ovate-pyriform, pale yellow sprinkled with very small, very numerous and regularly-spaced fawn dots usually free from any trace of russet; at maturity the yellow passes into clear lemon-yellow and on well-exposed fruits is washed with vermilion; flesh white, rather fine, breaking, dense, not juicy but sugary and perfumed; good for culinary purposes; winter.

=Dorothée Nouvelle. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 92. 1876.

Belgian; highly recommended. Fruit of first quality; Oct. Tree very fertile.

=Dorothée Royale Nouvelle. 1.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =7=:39, fig. 500. 1881.

Fruit small, pyriform, green changing to pale yellow, some russet markings and speckled with grayish dots; flesh whitish, melting, juicy, sugary, delicious; good; Oct. and Nov.

=Dorr. 1.= Cole _Am. Fr. Book_ 154. 1849. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 421. 1859.

Originated in New Hampshire. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, pale yellow, blushed with red; flesh rather coarse, deficient in juice, sweet, pleasant; cooking or eating; Aug.

=Dorschbirne. 1.= Löschnig _Mostbirnen_ 148, fig. 1913.

An Austrian perry pear. Fruit small, obtuse-turbinate, somewhat globular, green changing to yellow when ripe, dotted with yellow-brown and marked with cinnamon-russet, blushed on the sun-exposed side; flesh tough, light yellow, very astringent, subacid and very juicy; Oct.

=Dosoris. 1.= _Horticulturist_ =22=:88. 1867. =2.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 100. 1869.

Found in a field at Glen Cove, L. I, about 1866. Fruit full medium, obtuse-pyriform, when ripe a beautiful yellow with two-thirds bright scarlet; flesh sweet, juicy, agreeable, though deficient in flavor; beginning of Aug.; good but not first quality.

=Double d'Automne. 1.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 49. 1831. =2.= _Mag. Hort._ =9=:131. 1843.

Fruit medium, Bergamot-shaped, entirely cinnamon-russet, through which a little green appears, with numerous small, gray specks; flesh white, breaking, rather gritty but mellow; juice saccharine. New in 1831 and considered promising but in 1843 was discarded by the London Horticultural Society.

=Double-Fleur. 1.= Duhamel _Trait. Arb. Fr._ =2=:177. 1768. =2.= Mas _Pom. Gen._ =4=:123, fig. 254. 1879.

_Double Blossom._ =3.= Langley _Pomona_ 132. 1729. =4.= Lindley _Guide Orch. Gard._ 412, 1831.

Of ancient and unknown origin. Mentioned by Nicholas de Bonnefonds in 1651 in his first edition of the _Jardinier Francais_, by Merlet in 1675 and Claude Saint-Etienne in 1660. Worth growing for ornament, its large, double flowers, with from twelve to fifteen petals, being very handsome. Fruit above medium, globular or globular-turbinate, generally enlarged on one side more than on the other, green but yellow when ripe, dark red or pale purple on the side of the sun; flesh greenish, semi-fine, quite crisp, juicy, sweet, rather sugary; excellent culinary pear; Feb. to May.

=Double de Guerre. 1.= _Garden_ =56=:426. 1899. =2.= Bunyard _Handb. Hardy Fr._ 167. 1920.

Introduced into England from Mechlin, Bel., about 1835. Tree hardy, productive. Fruit medium to above, pyriform, tapering to the stem, yellow-brown speckled with russet; stem short, stout, generally obliquely inserted; calyx open in a shallow basin; flesh yellow, firm, slightly acid; Dec. to Feb.

=Double-Plouvier. 1.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:47, fig. 1869.

Origin and age uncertain. Fruit above medium, long-ovate, more or less bossed, greenish, dotted all over with gray-russet; flesh whitish, semi-fine, semi-melting, scented; juice moderate but sugary; first for the kitchen; Jan. to Mar.

=Double Rousselet. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =6=:21, fig. 1858. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:48, fig. 1869.

Raised by Major Espéren, Mechlin, Bel., about 1845. Fruit medium, globular-turbinate, regular in contour; skin fine, tender, green but almost entirely covered with cinnamon-colored russet; when ripe the russet becomes more golden and warmer in tint on the side next the sun; flesh white, very fine, melting, with abundant sugary juice, vinous, very agreeable; first; Oct.

=Dow. 1.= _Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt._ 92. 1858. =2.= Elliott _Fr. Book_ 377. 1859. =3.= Downing _Fr. Trees Am._ 741. 1869.

Raised by Dr. Eli Ives, New Haven, Conn., in the middle of the nineteenth century. Fruit above medium, obovate, acutely pyriform, sometimes turbinate; skin rough, yellowish-green, with russet patches and dots; flesh white, buttery, juicy, melting, vinous flavored sometimes slightly astringent; good; Sept. and Oct.

=Dowler. 1.= _Mag. Hort._ =4=:193. 1838.

Exhibited before the London Horticultural Society in 1838, under the name of _Dowler's seedling_. A small winter pear, described as one of the best and a good keeper.

=Downton. 1.= McIntosh _Bk. Gard._ =2=:455. 1855. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:50, fig. 1869.

Raised by T. A. Knight, Downton Castle, Eng., about 1840. Fruit medium or above, oval, somewhat irregular, greenish-yellow changing to lemon-yellow, a good deal russeted particularly on the side next the sun where it is completely covered and assumes a reddish-brown tinge; flesh whitish, not quite melting but tender, fine, free from grit, agreeably acidulous, sweet and juicy, with some taste of orange; first; Nov. and Dec.

=Doyen Dillen. 1.= _Ann. Pom. Belge_ =4=:27, fig. 1853. =2.= Leroy _Dict. Pom._ =2=:51, fig. 1869.

From seed sown by Van Mons at Louvain in 1827. Fruit medium to large, pyriform-conic, yellow, much covered with dots and patches of russet; flesh white, buttery, melting, free from grit; juice rather abundant, sweet, rich and pleasantly perfumed; first; Nov.

=Doyenné Bizet. 1.= _Guide Prat._ 91. 1895.

Tree moderately vigorous, very fertile. Fruit large; good; Mar. to June.

=Doyenné Blanc Long. 1.= Mas _Le Verger_ =3=:Pt. 1, 27, fig. 12. 1866-73. =2.= _Guide Prat._ 74. 1895.