Chapter X: Foreword: , f=or'wurd, n. a preface (1)

FORFAIRN, f[=o]r-f[=a]rn', _adj._ (_Scot._) worn out: exhausted.

FORFEIT, for'fit, _v.t._ to lose the right to by some fault or crime:--_pr.p._ for'feiting; _pa.p._ for'feited.--_n._ that which is forfeited: a penalty for a crime, or breach of some condition: a fine: something deposited and redeemable by a sportive fine or penalty, esp. in _pl._, a game of this kind.--_adj._ forfeited.--_adj._ FOR'FEITABLE.--_ns._ FOR'FEITER (_Shak._), one who incurs punishment by forfeiting his bond; FOR'FEITURE, act of forfeiting: state of being forfeited: the thing forfeited. [O. Fr. _forfait_--Low L. _forisfactum_--L. _forisfac[)e]re_, to transgress.]

FORFEND, for-fend', _v.t._ (_arch._) to ward off, avert.

FORFEX, f[=o]r'feks, _n._ a pair of scissors.

FORFOUGHTEN, for'fäh-ten, _adj._ (_Scot._) exhausted, as by fighting.

FORGAT, for-gat', old _pa.t._ of _forget_.

FORGATHER, for-ga_th_'er, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to meet, to take up company with.

FORGAVE, for-g[=a]v', _pa.t._ of _forgive_.

FORGE, f[=o]rj, _n._ the workshop of a workman in iron, &c.: a furnace, esp. one in which iron is heated: a smithy: a place where anything is shaped or made.--_v.t._ to form by heating and hammering: to form: to make falsely: to fabricate: to counterfeit or imitate for purposes of fraud.--_v.i._ to commit forgery.--_ns._ FORGE'MAN; FORG'ER, one who forges or makes one guilty of forgery; FORG'ERY, fraudulently making or altering any writing: that which is forged or counterfeited.--_adj._ FORG'ETIVE (_Shak._), that may forge or produce.--_n._ FORG'ING, a piece of metal shaped by hammering: act of one who forges: a form of overreaching in which the horse strikes the fore shoe with the toe of the hind one, clicking. [O. Fr. _forge_--L. _fabrica_--_faber_, a workman.]

FORGE, f[=o]rj, _v.t._ to move steadily on (with _ahead_).

FORGET, for-get', _v.t._ to lose or put away from the memory: to neglect:--_pr.p._ forget'ting; _pa.t._ forgot'; _pa.p._ forgot', forgot'ten.--_adjs._ FORGET'ABLE, FORGET'TABLE; FORGET'FUL, apt to forget: inattentive.--_adv._ FORGET'FULLY.--_ns._ FORGET'FULNESS; FORGET'-ME-NOT, a small herb (_Myosotis palustris_) with beautiful blue flowers, regarded as the emblem of friendship: a keepsake [a word adapted by Coleridge from the German _Vergissmeinnicht_]; FORGET'TER, one who fails to bear in mind: a heedless person.--_adv._ FORGET'TINGLY.--FORGET ONE'S SELF, to lose one's self-control or dignity, to descend to words and deeds unworthy of one's self. [A.S. _forgietan_--pfx. _for-_, away, _gitan_, to get.]

FORGIVE, for-giv', _v.t._ to pardon: to overlook an offence or debt: (_Spens._) to give up.--_v.i._ to be merciful or forgiving.--_adj._ FORGIV'ABLE, capable of being forgiven.--_n._ FORGIVE'NESS, pardon: remission: disposition to pardon.--_adj._ FORGIV'ING, ready to pardon: merciful: compassionate. [A.S. _forgiefan_--pfx. _for-_, away, _giefan_, to give; cf. Ger. _ver-geben_.]

FORGO. See FOREGO.

FORGOT, FORGOTTEN. See FORGET.

FORHAIL, for-h[=a]l', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to overtake.

FORHENT, for-hent', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to overtake.

FORHOW, for-how', _v.t._ (_Scot._) to desert or abandon. [A.S. _forhogian_, pfx. _for-_, away, _hogian_, to care.]

FORISFAMILIATE, f[=o]-ris-fa-mil'i-[=a]t, _v.t._ to put a son in possession of land which he accepts as his whole portion of his father's property, said of a father.--_v.i._ to renounce one's title to a further share of the paternal estate, said of a son:--_pr.p._ f[=o]risfamil'i[=a]ting; _pa.p._ f[=o]risfamil'i[=a]ted.--_n._ F[=O]RISFAMILI[=A]'TION. [Low L. _forisfamili[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--L. _foris_, out of doors, _familia_, a family.]

FORJESKIT, for-jes'kit, _adj._ (_Scot._) tired out.

FORK, fork, _n._ an instrument with two or more prongs at the end: one of the points or divisions of anything fork-like: the bottom of a sump into which the water of a mine drains--also FORCQUE: (_pl._) the branches into which a road or river divides, also the point of separation.--_v.i._ to divide into two branches: to shoot into blades, as corn.--_v.t._ to form as a fork: to pitch with a fork: to bale a shaft dry.--_n._ FORK'-CHUCK, a forked lathe-centre used in wood-turning.--_adjs._ FORKED, FORK'Y, shaped like a fork.--_adv._ FORK'EDLY.--_ns._ FORK'EDNESS, FORK'INESS; FORK'ER; FORK'HEAD, the forked end of a rod in a knuckle-joint or the like; FORK'-TAIL, a fish with forked tail: the kite.--FORK OUT, OVER (_slang_), to hand or pay over. [A.S. _forca_--L. _furca_.]

FORLORN, for-lorn', _adj._ quite lost: forsaken; wretched.--_v.t._ FORLORE' (_Spens._).--_adv._ FORLORN'LY.--_n._ FORLORN'NESS. [A.S. _forloren_, pa.p. of _forléòsan_, to lose--pfx. _for-_, away, and _léòsan_, to lose; Ger. _verloren_, pa.p. of _verlieren_, to lose.]

FORLORN-HOPE, for-lorn'-h[=o]p, _n._ a body of soldiers selected for some service of uncommon danger. [From the Dut. _verloren hoop_, the lost troop.]

FORM, form, _n._ shape of a body: the boundary-line of an object: a model: a mould: mode of being: mode of arrangement: order: regularity: system, as of government: beauty or elegance: established practice: ceremony: fitness or efficiency for any undertaking: a blank schedule to be filled in with details: a specimen document to be copied or imitated: (_phil._) the inherent nature of an object, that which the mind itself contributes as the condition of knowing, that in which the essence of a thing consists: (_print._) the type from which an impression is to be taken arranged and secured in a chase--often FORME:--(_in the fol. senses pron._ f[=o]rm), a long seat, a bench: the pupils on a form, a class: the bed of a hare, which takes its shape from the animal's body.--_v.t._ to give form or shape to: to make: to contrive: to settle, as an opinion: to combine: to go to make up: to establish: (_gram._) to make by derivation.--_v.i._ to assume a form.--_adj._ FORM'AL, according to form or established mode: ceremonious, punctilious, methodical: having the form only: (_Shak._) embodied in a form: having the power of making a thing what it is: essential: proper.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ FORM'ALISE.--_ns._ FORM'ALISM, excessive observance of form or conventional usage, esp. in religion: stiffness of manner; FORM'ALIST, one having exaggerated regard to rules or established usages; FORMAL'ITY, the precise observance of forms or ceremonies: established order: sacrifice of substance to form.--_adv._ FORM'ALLY.--_n._ FORM[=A]'TION, a making or producing: structure: (_geol._) a group of strata of one period.--_adj._ FORM'ATIVE, giving form, determining, moulding: (_gram._) inflectional, serving to form, not radical.--_n._ a derivative.--_p.adj._ FORMED, trained, mature.--_n._ FORM'ER.--_adj._ FORM'LESS, shapeless.--FORMAL LOGIC (see LOGIC).--GOOD, or BAD, FORM, according to good social usage, or the opposite; TAKE FORM, to assume a definite appearance. [O. Fr. _forme_--L. _forma_, shape.]

FORMALIN, for'ma-lin, _n._ a formic aldehyde used as an antiseptic, germicide, or preservative in foods.

FORMAT, for'ma, _n._ of books, &c., the size, form, shape in which they are issued. [Fr.]

FORMATE, form'[=a]t, _n._ a salt composed of formic acid and a base.--Also FOR'MIATE.

FORMER, form'[.e]r, _adj._ (_comp._ of _fore_) before in time or order: past: first mentioned.--_adv._ FORM'ERLY, in former times: heretofore. [Formed late on analogy of M. E. _formest_ by adding comp. suff. _-er_ to base of A.S. _forma_, first, itself a superlative form.]

FORMIC, for'mik, _adj._ pertaining to ants, as formic acid, originally obtained from ants.--_adj._ FOR'MICANT, crawling like an ant: very small and unequal, of a pulse.--_n._ FOR'MICARY, an ant-hill.--_adj._ FOR'MICATE, resembling an ant.--_n._ FORMIC[=A]'TION, a sensation like that of ants creeping on the skin. [L. _formic[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to creep like an ant--_formica_.]

FORMIDABLE, for'mi-da-bl, _adj._ causing fear: adapted to excite fear.--_ns._ FORMIDABIL'ITY; FOR'MIDABLENESS.--_adv._ FOR'MIDABLY. [Fr.,--L. _formidabilis_--_formido_, fear.]

FORMULA, form'[=u]-la, _n._ a prescribed form: a formal statement of doctrines: (_math._) a general expression for solving problems: (_chem._) a set of symbols expressing the components of a body:--_pl._ FORMULÆ (form'[=u]-l[=e]), FORM'ULAS.--_adjs._ FORM'ULAR, FORMULARIS'TIC.--_ns._ FORMULARIS[=A]'TION, FORMUL[=A]'TION; FORM'ULARY, a formula: a book of formulæ or precedents.--_adj._ prescribed: ritual.--_vs.t._ FORM'UL[=A]TE, FORM'ULISE, to reduce to or express in a formula: to state or express in a clear or definite form. [L., dim. of _forma_.]

FORNENT, for-nent', _adv._ and _prep._ (_Scot._) right opposite to.

FORNICATE, for'ni-k[=a]t, _adj._ arched: (_bot._) arching over.--_n._ FORNIC[=A]'TION. [L. _fornicatus_--_fornix_, an arch.]

FORNICATE, for'ni-k[=a]t, _v.i._ to commit lewdness: to have unlawful sexual intercourse.--_ns._ FORNIC[=A]'TION, sexual intercourse between two unmarried persons, or an unmarried and married person: (_B._) adultery, and applied frequently by a figure to idolatry; FOR'NICATOR, an unmarried person guilty of lewdness:--_fem._ FOR'NICATRESS. [L. _fornix_, an arch, brothel.]

FORNIX, for'niks, _n._ something resembling an arch: an arched formation of the brain. [L.]

FORPINE, for-p[=i]n', _v.i._ (_Spens._) to waste away.

FORPIT, for'pit, _n._ (_Scot._) the fourth part of some other measure, now of a peck.--Also FOR'PET.

FORRIT, for'it, _adv._ (_Scot._) forward.

FORSAKE, for-s[=a]k', _v.t._ to desert: to abandon:--_pr.p._ fors[=a]k'ing; _pa.t._ forsook'; _pa.p._ fors[=a]k'en.--_adj._ FORS[=A]K'EN.--_adv._ FORS[=A]K'ENLY.--_ns._ FORS[=A]K'ENNESS; FORS[=A]K'ING, abandonment. [A.S. _forsacan_--_for-_, away, _sacan_, to strive.]

FORSAY, for-s[=a]', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to forbid, to renounce. [A.S. _forsecgan_--_for_, against, _secgan_, to say.]

FORSLACK, for-slak', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to relax, delay.

FORSLOW, for-sl[=o]', _v.t._ See FORESLOW.

FORSOOTH, for-s[=oo]th', _adv._ in truth: certainly.

FORSPEAK, for-sp[=e]k', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to forbid, to prohibit: (_Scot._) to bewitch.

FORSPEND, for-spend', _v.t._ to spend completely:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ forspent'.

FORSTALL, for-stawl', _v.t._ Same as FORESTALL.

FORSWAT, for-swat', _adj._ (_Spens._) exhausted with heat. [Pfx. _for-_, inten., and _swat_, old _pa.t._ of sweat.]

FORSWEAR, for-sw[=a]r', _v.t._ to deny upon oath:--_pa.t._ forswore'; _pa.p._ forsworn'.--_n._ FORSWORN'NESS.--FORSWEAR ONE'S SELF, to swear falsely.

FORSWINK, for-swingk', _v.t._ to exhaust by labour.--_p.adj._ FORSWONK' (_Spens._), over-laboured. [Pfx. _for-_, inten., and obs. _swink_, labour.]

FORT, f[=o]rt, _n._ a small fortress: an outlying trading-station, as in British North America.--_adj._ FORT'ED (_Shak._), guarded by forts. [Fr.,--L. _fortis_, strong.]

FORTALICE, fort'al-is, _n._ a small outwork of a fortification. [Low L. _fortalitia_--L. _fortis_.]

FORTE, f[=o]rt, _n._ that in which one excels.

FORTE, f[=o]r'te, _adj._ (_mus._) strongly, loud:--_superl._ FORTIS'SIMO.--_n._ a loud passage in music. [It.]

FORTH, f[=o]rth, _adv._ before or forward in place or order: in advance: onward in time: (_Shak._) completely, outright: abroad: (_B._) out.--_prep._ (_Shak._) out of, forth from.--_v.i._ FORTH'COME, to come forth.--_adj._ FORTH'COMING, just coming forth: about to appear.--_ns._ FORTH'GOING, a going forth: a proceeding out; FORTH'-ISS'UING, coming forth; FORTH'-PUT'TING, action of putting forth: (_U.S._) forwardness.--_adj._ forward.--_adv._ FORTH'RIGHT, straightforward.--_n._ (_Shak._) a straight path.--_adj._ straightforward: honest.--_adv._ FORTHWITH', immediately.--AND SO FORTH, and so on, and more besides. [A.S. _forth_--_fore_, before; Dut. _voort_, Ger. _fort_.]

FORTHINK, for-thingk', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to be sorry for.

FORTHY, for'thi, _adv._ (_Spens._) therefore. [A.S. _forthý_--_for_, and _thý_, instrumental case of _thaet_, that.]

FORTIETH. See FORTY.

FORTIFY, for'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ to strengthen against attack with forts, &c.: to invigorate: to confirm:--_pa.p._ for'tif[=i]ed.--_adj._ FORTIF[=I]'ABLE.--_ns._ FORTIFIC[=A]'TION, the art of strengthening a military position by means of defensive works: the work so constructed: that which fortifies; FOR'TIFIER. [Fr. _fortifier_--Low L. _fortific[=a]re_--_fortis_, strong, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

FORTILAGE, f[=o]r'ti-l[=a]j, _n._ (_Spens._) a fort. [_Fortalice_.]

FORTISSIMO. See FORTE.

FORTITION, for-tish'un, _n._ principle of trusting to chance. [L. _fors_, chance.]

FORTITUDE, for'ti-t[=u]d, _n._ mental power of endurance: firmness in meeting danger: (_obs._) strength, power of resistance or attack.--_adj._ FORTIT[=U]'DINOUS. [L. _fortitudo_--_fortis_.]

FORTLET, f[=o]rt'let, _n._ a little fort.

FORTNIGHT, fort'n[=i]t, _n._ two weeks or fourteen days.--_adj._ and _adv._ FORT'NIGHTLY, once a fortnight. [Contr. of _A.S._ _féowertýne niht_, fourteen nights.]

FORTRESS, for'tres, _n._ a fortified place: a defence.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to guard. [O. Fr. _forteresse_, another form of _fortelesce_ (q.v. under FORTALICE).]

FORTUITOUS, for-t[=u]'i-tus, _adj._ happening by chance.--_ns._ FORT[=U]'ITISM; FORT[=U]'ITIST.--_adv._ FORT[=U]'ITOUSLY.--_ns._ FORT[=U]'ITOUSNESS, FORT[=U]'ITY. [L. _fortuitus_.]

FORTUNE, for't[=u]n, _n._ whatever comes by lot or chance: luck: the arbitrary ordering of events: the lot that falls to one in life: success: wealth.--_v.i._ to befall.--_v.t._ to determine.--_adj._ FOR'TUN[=A]TE, happening by good fortune: lucky: auspicious: felicitous.--_adv._ FOR'TUN[=A]TELY.--_ns._ FOR'TUN[=A]TENESS; FOR'TUNE-BOOK, a book helpful in telling fortunes.--_adj._ FOR'TUNED, supplied by fortune.--_n._ FOR'TUNE-HUNT'ER, a man who hunts for marriage with a woman of fortune.--_adj._ FOR'TUNELESS, without a fortune: luckless.--_v.i._ FOR'TUNE-TELL, to reveal futurity: to tell one his fortune.--_ns._ FOR'TUNE-TELL'ER, one who pretends to foretell one's fortune; FOR'TUNE-TELL'ING.--_v.t._ FOR'TUN[=I]SE (_Spens._), to make fortunate or happy. [Fr.,--L. _fortuna_.]

FORTY, for'ti, _adj._ and _n._ four times ten.--_adj._ FOR'TIETH.--_n._ a fortieth part.--FORTY WINKS, a short nap, esp. after dinner.--THE FORTY, the French Academy. [A.S. _féowertig_--_feower_, four, _tig_, ten.]

FORUM, f[=o]'rum, _n._ a market-place, esp. the market-place in Rome, where public business was transacted and justice dispensed: the courts of law as opposed to the Parliament. [L., akin to _foras_, out of doors.]

FORWANDER, for-won'd[.e]r, _v.i._ and _v.t._ (_Spens._) to wander till wearied, to weary with wandering.

FORWARD, for'ward, _adj._ near or at the forepart: in advance of something else: ready: too ready: presumptuous: officious: earnest: early ripe.--_v.t._ to help on, to quicken: to send on.--_advs._ FOR'WARD, FOR'WARDS, towards what is before or in front: onward: progressively.--_ns._ FOR'WARDER; FOR'WARDING, the act of sending forward merchandise, &c., for others.--_adv._ FOR'WARDLY.--_n._ FOR'WARDNESS. [A.S. _foreweard_--_fore_, and _-weard_, sig. direction. _Forwards_--M. E. _forwardes_--was orig. the gen. form (cf. Ger. _vorwärts_).]

FORWASTE, for-w[=a]st', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to lay waste utterly.

FORWEARY, for-w[=e]'ri, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to weary out.

FORWENT, for-went' (_Spens._), _pa.t_ of _forego_.

FORWORN, for-w[=o]rn', _adj._ (_Spens._) much worn.

FORZANDO. Same as SFORZANDO (q.v.).

FOSS, FOSSE, fos, _n._ (_fort._) a ditch or moat, either with or without water, the excavation of which has contributed material for the walls of the fort it protects: an abyss.--_adj._ FOSSED.--_n._ FOSS'WAY, an ancient Roman road having a ditch on either side. [Fr. _fosse_--L. _fossa_--_fod[)e]re_, _fossum_, to dig.]

FOSSA, fos'a, _n._ (_anat._) a pit or depression in a body, esp. that in an animal integument forming a point of attachment for an organ.--_n._ FOSSETTE', a dimple or small depression. [L., a ditch.]

FOSSET-SELLER, fos'et-sel'[.e]r, _n._ (_Shak._) one who sells faucets. [_Fosset_, obs. form of _faucet_.]

FOSSICK, fos'ik, _v.i._ to be troublesome: to undermine another's diggings, or work over waste-heaps for gold: to search about for any kind of profit.--_ns._ FOSS'ICKER, a mining gleaner who works over old diggings, and scratches about in the beds of creeks; FOSS'ICKING. [Ety. dub.]

FOSSIL, fos'il, _n._ the petrified remains of an animal or vegetable found embedded in the strata of the earth's crust: anything antiquated.--_adj._ dug out of the earth: in the condition of a fossil: antiquated.--_adj._ FOSSILIF'EROUS, bearing or containing fossils.--_n._ FOSSILIFIC[=A]'TION, the act of becoming fossil.--_vs.t._ FOSSIL'IFY, FOSS'IL[=I]SE, to convert into a fossil.--_v.i._ to be changed into a stony or fossil state.--_ns._ FOSSILIS[=A]'TION, a changing into a fossil; FOSS'ILISM, the science of fossils; FOSS'ILIST, one skilled in fossils; FOSSILOL'OGY, FOSSIL'OGY, paleontology. [Fr. _fossile_--L. _fossilis_--_fod[)e]re_, to dig.]

FOSSORIAL, fo-s[=o]'ri-al, _adj._ digging, burrowing.--_n._ FOSS'OR, a grave-digger. [L. _fossor_--_fod[)e]re_, to dig.]

FOSSULATE, fos'[=u]-l[=a]t, _adj._ (_anat._) having one or more long narrow grooves or depressions.

FOSTER, fos't[.e]r, _v.t._ to bring up or nurse: to encourage.--_ns._ FOS'TER[=A]GE, the act of fostering or nursing; FOS'TER-BROTH'ER, a male child, fostered or brought up with another of different parents; FOS'TER-CHILD, a child nursed or brought up by one who is not its parent; FOS'TER-DAUGH'TER; FOS'TERER; FOS'TER-FA'THER, one who brings up a child in place of its father; FOS'TERLING, a foster-child; FOS'TER-MOTH'ER, one who suckles a child not her own; FOS'TER-NURSE (_Shak._), a nurse; FOS'TER-PAR'ENT, one who rears a child in the place of its parent; FOS'TER-SIS'TER, one brought up as a sister by the same parents, but not a sister by birth; FOS'TER-SON, one brought up as a son, though not a son by birth. [A.S. _fóstrian_, to nourish, _fóstor_, food.]

FOSTER, fos't[.e]r, _n._ (_Spens._) a forester.

FOTHER, fo_th_'[.e]r, _v.t._ to stop or lessen a leak in a ship's bottom whilst afloat by means of a heavy sail closely thrummed with yarn and oakum. [Perh. from Dut. _voederen_ (mod. _voeren_) or Low Ger. _fodern_, to line.]

FOTHER, fo_th_'[.e]r, _n._ a load, quantity: a definite weight--of lead, 19½ cwt. [A.S. _fóðer_; Ger. _fuder_.]

FOU, f[=oo], _adj._ (_Scot._) full: drunk.

FOU, f[=oo], _n._ (_Scot._) a bushel.

FOUD, fowd, _n._ a bailiff or magistrate in Orkney and Shetland.--_n._ FOUD'RIE, his jurisdiction. [Ice. _fógeti_; Ger. _vogt_; from L. _vocatus_--_voc[=a]re_, to call.]

FOUDROYANT, f[=oo]-droi'ant, _adj._ quick like lightning. [Fr. _foudroyer_--_foudre_, lightning.]

FOUET, f[=oo]'et, _n._ (_Scot._) the house-leek.--Also FOU'AT.

FOUGADE, foo-gäd', _n._ (_mil._) a small mine from six to twelve feet under ground, charged either with powder or loaded shells, and sometimes loaded with stones.--Also FOUGASSE'. [Fr.]

FOUGHT, fawt, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._--FOUGHTEN (fawt'n), old _pa.p._ of _fight_.

FOUL, fowl, _adj._ filthy: loathsome: obscene: impure: stormy: unfair: running against: distressing, pernicious: choked up, entangled: (_Shak._) homely, ugly.--_v.t._ to make foul: to soil: to effect a collision.--_v.i._ to come into collision:--_pr.p._ foul'ing; _pa.p._ fouled.--_n._ act of fouling: any breach of the rules in games or contests.--_adj._ FOUL'-FACED (_Shak._), having a hatefully ugly face.--_n._ FOUL'-FISH, fish during the spawning season.--_adv._ FOUL'LY.--_adjs._ FOUL'-MOUTHED, FOUL'-SPOK'EN, addicted to the use of foul or profane language.--_ns._ FOUL-MOUTHED'NESS; FOUL'NESS; FOUL'-PLAY, unfair action in any game or contest, dishonest dealing generally.--CLAIM A FOUL, to assert that the recognised rules have been broken, and that a victory is therefore invalid; FALL FOUL OF, to come against: to assault; MAKE FOUL WATER, used of a ship, to come into such shallow water that the keel raises the mud. [A.S. _fúl_; Ger. _faul_, Goth. _fûls_.]

FOULARD, f[=oo]l'ard, _n._ a soft untwilled silk fabric: a silk handkerchief. [Fr.]

FOULDER, fowl'd[.e]r, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to flame, to gleam. [O. Fr. _fouldre_--L. _fulgur_, lightning.]

FOULÉ, f[=oo]-l[=a]', _n._ a light woollen dress material with a glossy surface. [Fr.]

FOUMART, f[=oo]'märt, _n._ an old name for the polecat, from its offensive smell. [M. E. _fulmard_--A.S. _fúl_, foul, _mearð_, a marten.]

FOUND, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _find_.--_n._ FOUND'LING, a little child found deserted.--FOUNDLING HOSPITAL, an institution where such are brought up.

FOUND, fownd, _v.t._ to lay the bottom or foundation of: to establish on a basis: to originate: to endow.--_v.i._ to rely.--_ns._ FOUND[=A]'TION, the act of founding: the base of a building: the groundwork or basis: a permanent fund for a benevolent purpose or for some special object; FOUND[=A]'TIONER, one supported from the funds or foundation of an institution; FOUND[=A]'TION-MUS'LIN, -NET, gummed fabrics used for stiffening dresses and bonnets; FOUND[=A]TION-STONE, one of the stones forming the foundation of a building, esp. a stone laid with public ceremony; FOUND'ER, one who founds, establishes, or originates: an endower:--_fem._ FOUND'RESS. [Fr. _fonder_--L. _fund[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to found--_fundus_, the bottom.]

FOUND, fownd, _v.t._ to form by melting and pouring into a mould: to cast.--_ns._ FOUND'ER, one who melts and casts metal, as a brassfounder; FOUND'ING, metal-casting; FOUND'RY, FOUND'ERY, the art of founding or casting: the house where founding is carried on. [Fr. _fondre_--L. _fund[)e]re_, _fusum_, to pour.]

FOUNDER, fownd'[.e]r, _v.i._ to go to the bottom: to fill with water and sink.--_v.t._ to cause to sink: to disable by injuring the feet (of a horse).--_adj._ FOUND'EROUS, causing to founder. [O. Fr. _fondrer_, to fall in, _fond_, bottom--L. _fundus_, bottom.]

FOUNT. See FONT (2).

FOUNTAIN, fownt'[=a]n, _n._ a spring of water, natural or artificial: the structure for a jet of water: the source of anything: a reservoir for holding oil, &c., in a lamp.--_ns._ FOUNT, a spring of water: a source; FOUNT'AIN-HEAD, the head or source of a fountain: the beginning.--_adj._ FOUNT'AINLESS, wanting fountains or springs of water.--_n._ FOUNT'AIN-PEN, a pen having a reservoir for holding ink.--_adj._ FOUNT'FUL, full of springs. [Fr. _fontaine_--Low L. _font[=a]na_--L. _fons_, _fontis_, a spring---_fund[)e]re_, to pour.]

FOUR, f[=o]r, _adj._ and _n._ two and two, a cardinal number.--_adjs._ FOUR'FOLD, folded four times: multiplied four times; FOUR'-FOOT'ED, having four feet; FOUR'-HAND'ED, having four hands: of a game, played by four people; FOUR'-INCHED (_Shak._), four inches broad.--_ns._ FOUR'-IN-HAND, a vehicle drawn by four horses, driven by one person: a team of four horses drawing a carriage--also _adj._; FOUR'PENNY, a small silver coin worth fourpence formerly coined in England.--_adj._ worth fourpence.--_n._ FOUR'-POST'ER, a large bed with four posts on which to hang curtains.--_adjs._ FOUR'SCORE, four times a score--80; FOUR'SOME, by fours: anything in which four act together--also _n._; FOUR'SQUARE, having four equal sides and angles: square.--_adjs._ and _ns._ FOUR'TEEN, four and ten; FOUR'TEENTH, four or the fourth after the tenth.--_adj._ FOURTH, next after the third.--_n._ one of four equal parts.--_adv._ FOURTH'LY.--_adj._ FOURTH'-RATE, of the fourth class or order.--_n._ FOUR'-WHEEL'ER, a carriage or cab with four wheels.--GO ON ALL FOURS, to go on hands and knees. [A.S. _féower_; Ger. _vier_, L. _quatuor_, Gr. _tessares_.]

FOURCHETTE, f[=oo]r-shet', _n._ a small forked instrument used for supporting the tongue in the operation of cutting the frenum: a forked piece between glove fingers, uniting the front and back parts. [Fr.]

FOURCROYA, f[=oo]r-kr[=o]'ya, _n._ a neotropical genus of _Amaryllidaceæ_, nearly allied to Agave (q.v.), and yielding a similar fibre. [Named from A. F. de _Fourcroy_, a French chemist (1755-1809).]

FOURGON, f[=oo]r-gong', _n._ a baggage-wagon. [Fr.]

FOURIERISM, f[=oo]'ri-[.e]r-izm, _n._ the socialistic system of F. M. Charles _Fourier_ (1772-1837), based on the harmony educed by the free-play of his twelve radical passions.

FOUTRE, f[=oo]'t[.e]r, _n._ (_Shak._) a gross term of contempt, used interjectionally.--Also FOU'TER. [O. Fr. _foutre_--L. _futuere_, to lecher.]

FOUTH, footh, _n._ (_Scot._) abundance.--Also FOWTH.

FOVEA, f[=o]'v[=e]-a, _n._ (_anat._) a depression or pit.--_adjs._ F[=O]'VEAL; F[=O]'VEATE, pitted.--_n._ FOV[=E]'OLA, a small depression--also FOV[=E]'OLE. [L.]

FOVILLA, f[=o]-vil'a, _n._ (_bot._) the contents of a pollen-grain.

FOWL, fowl, _n._ a bird: a bird of the barn-door or poultry kind, a cock or hen: the flesh of fowl:--_pl._ FOWLS, FOWL.--_v.i._ to kill fowls by shooting or snaring.--_ns._ FOWL'ER, a sportsman who takes wild-fowl; FOWL'ING; FOWL'ING-NET, a net for catching birds; FOWL'ING-PIECE, a light gun for small-shot, used in fowling. [A.S. _fugol_; Ger. _vogel_.]

FOX, foks, _n._ an animal of the family _Canidæ_, genus _Vulpes_, of proverbial cunning:--_fem._ VIX'EN: any one notorious for cunning.--_ns._ FOX'-BAT, a flying-fox, a fruit-bat; FOX'-BRUSH, the tail of a fox; FOX'-EARTH, a fox's burrow.--_adj._ FOXED, discoloured, spotted.--_ns._ FOX'-[=E]'VIL, alopecia; FOX'GLOVE, a plant with glove-like flowers, whose leaves are used as a soothing medicine; FOX'HOUND, a hound used for chasing foxes; FOX'-HUNT; FOX'-HUNT'ER; FOX'-HUNT'ING; FOX'INESS, decay: having a harsh, sour taste: state of being spotted, as books; FOX'-SHARK, a large shark of over 12 feet, occasionally seen off British coasts; FOX'SHIP (_Shak._), the character of a fox, craftiness; FOX'-TAIL, a genus of grasses, generally characterised by a bushy head; FOX'-TERR'IER, a kind of terrier trained to unearth foxes; FOX'-TRAP, a trap for catching foxes; FOX'-TROT, a pace with short steps, as in changing from trotting to walking.--_adj._ FOX'Y, of foxes: cunning, suspicious, causing suspicion: (_paint._) having too much of the reddish-brown or fox-colour.--FOX AND GEESE, a game played with pieces on a board, where the object is for certain pieces called the geese to surround or corner one called the fox. [A.S. _fox_; Ger. _fuchs_.]

FOY, foi, _n._ (_Spens._) allegiance. [Fr. _foi_, faith.]

FOY, foi, _n._ (_prov._) a parting entertainment.

FOYER, fwo-y[=a]', _n._ in theatres, a public room opening on the lobby. [Fr.,--L. _focus_, hearth.]

FOZY, f[=o]z'i, _adj._ (_Scot._) spongy.--_n._ FOZ'INESS, softness, want of spirit. [Cf. Dut. _voos_, spongy.]

FRAB, frab, _v.t._ to worry.--_adj._ FRAB'BIT, peevish.

FRACAS, fra-kä', _n._ uproar: a noisy quarrel. [Fr.,--It. _fracasso_--_fracassare_, to make an uproar.]

FRACTION, frak'shun, _n._ a fragment or very small piece: (_arith._) any part of a unit: a technical term to indicate the breaking of the bread in the sacrifice of the Eucharist.--_v.t._ FRACT (_Shak._), to break, to violate.--_adjs._ FRACT'ED (_her._), having a part displaced, as if broken; FRAC'TIONAL, belonging to or containing a fraction or fractions; FRAC'TIONARY, fractional: unimportant.--_v.t._ FRAC'TIONATE, to separate the elements of a mixture by distillation or otherwise.--_n._ FRACTION[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ FRAC'TIONISE, to break up into fractions.--_n._ FRAC'TIONLET, a small fraction.--_adj._ FRAC'TIOUS, ready to quarrel: cross.--_adv._ FRAC'TIOUSLY.--_ns._ FRAC'TIOUSNESS; FRAC'TURE, the breaking of any hard body: the breach or part broken: the breaking of a bone.--_v.t._ to break through.--COMPOUND, COMMINUTED, COMPLICATED FRACTURE (see the respective adjectives); GREENSTICK FRACTURE, a fracture where the bone is partly broken, partly bent, occurring in the limbs of children; SIMPLE FRACTURE, a fracture when the bone only is divided. [O. Fr. _fraccion_--L. _fraction-em_--_frang[)e]re_, _fractum_, to break.]

FRAGARIA, fr[=a]-g[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of perennial plants with creeping stolons, the fruit the strawberry. [L. _fragum_, the strawberry.]

FRAGILE, fraj'il, _adj._ easily broken: frail: delicate.--_n._ FRAGIL'ITY, the state of being fragile. [Fr.,--L. _fragilis_, _frang[)e]re_, to break.]

FRAGMENT, frag'ment, _n._ a piece broken off: an unfinished portion.--_adj._ FRAG'MENTAL (also -ment').--_adv._ FRAG'MENTARILY.--_n._ FRAG'MENTARINESS.--_adjs._ FRAG'MENTARY, FRAG'MENTED, consisting of fragments or pieces: broken. [Fr.,--L. _fragmentum_, _frang[)e]re_, to break.]

FRAGOR, fr[=a]'gor, _n._ a crash. [L.]

FRAGRANT, fr[=a]'grant, _adj._ sweet-scented.--_ns._ FR[=A]'GRANCE, FR[=A]'GRANCY, pleasantness of smell or perfume: sweet or grateful influence.--_adv._ FR[=A]'GRANTLY.--_n._ FR[=A]'GRANTNESS. [Fr.,--L. _fragrans_, _-antis_, pr.p. of _fragr[=a]re_, to smell.]

FRAIL, fr[=a]l, _adj._ wanting in strength or firmness: weak: unchaste.--_adj._ FRAIL'ISH, somewhat frail.--_adv._ FRAIL'LY.--_ns._ FRAIL'NESS, FRAIL'TY, weakness: infirmity. [O. Fr. _fraile_--L. _fragilis_, fragile.]

FRAIL, fr[=a]l, _n._ a rush: a basket made of rushes. [O. Fr. _frayel_; of dubious origin.]

FRAISE, fr[=a]z, _n._ (_fort._) a palisade of pointed stakes planted in the rampart horizontally or in an inclined position: a tool used for enlarging a drill-hole: a 16th-cent. ruff.--_v.t._ to fence with a fraise. [Fr.]

FRAISE, fr[=a]z, _n._ (_prov._) commotion.

FRAMBOESIA, fram-b[=e]'zi-a, _n._ the yaws (q.v.). [Fr. _framboise_, a raspberry.]

FRAME, fr[=a]m, _v.t._ to form: to shape: to construct by fitting the parts to each other: to plan, adjust, or adapt to an end: to contrive or devise: to constitute: to put a frame or border round, as a picture: to put into a frame: (_Spens._) to support.--_v.i._ (_dial._) to move: (_B._) to contrive.--_n._ the form: a putting together of parts: a case made to enclose or support anything: the skeleton of anything: state of mind: in gardening, a movable structure used for the cultivation or the sheltering of plants, as a 'forcing-frame,' 'cucumber-frame,' &c.: (_Shak._) the act of devising.--_ns._ FRAME'-BRIDGE, a bridge constructed of pieces of timber framed together; FRAME'-HOUSE, a house consisting of a skeleton of timber, with boards or shingles laid on; FRAME'-MAK'ER, a maker of frames for pictures; FRAM'ER, he who forms or constructs: one who makes frames for pictures, &c.; FRAME'-SAW, a thin saw stretched in a frame for greater rigidity; FRAME'WORK, the work that forms the frame: the skeleton or outline of anything; FRAM'ING, the act of constructing: a frame or setting. [A.S. _framian_, to be helpful, _fram_, forward.]

FRAMPOLD, fram'p[=o]ld, _adj._ (_Shak._) peevish, cross-grained: quarrelsome.--Also FRAM'PEL. [Prob. _fram_, from, _poll_, head.]

FRANC, frangk, _n._ a French silver coin, forming since 1795 the unit of the French monetary system, and now also used in Belgium, Switzerland, equal to fully 9½d. sterling, the equivalent of the Italian _lira_, the Greek _drachma_. [O. Fr. _franc_, from the legend _Francorum rex_ on the first coins.]

FRANCHISE, fran'chiz, or -ch[=i]z, _n._ liberty: a privilege or exemption belonging to a subject by prescription or conferred by grant: the right of voting for a member of Parliament.--_v.t._ to enfranchise: to give one the franchise.--_ns._ FRAN'CHISEMENT (_Spens._), freedom, release; FRAN'CHISER, one who has the franchise. [O. Fr., from _franc_, free.]

FRANCISCAN, fran-sis'kan, _adj._ belonging to the order of mendicant friars in the R.C. Church founded by St _Francis_ of Assisi (1182-1226).--_n._ a monk of this order. [L. _Franciscus_, Francis.]

FRANCO-, frangk'[=o], French, in combinations as _Franco-German_, _Franco-Russian_, &c.

FRANCOLIN, frang'k[=o]-lin, _n._ a genus of birds of the grouse family, closely allied to partridges. [Fr.]

FRANC-TIREUR, frang-t[=e]-r[.e]r', _n._ a French sharp-shooter, one of an armed band of French peasants and others prominent in the later stages of the Franco-Prussian war. [Fr. _franc_, free, _tireur_, a shooter.]

FRANGIBLE, fran'ji-bl, _adj._ easily broken.--_n._ FRANGIBIL'ITY. [See FRACTION.]

FRANGIPANE, fran'ji-p[=a]n, _n._ a kind of pastry-cake, filled with cream, almonds, and sugar: a perfume from the flower of the red jasmine, or in imitation of it.--Also FRAN'GIPANI. [Fr., from a personal name.]

FRANION, fran'yun, _n._ (_Spens._) a paramour: a boon-companion. [Origin uncertain.]

FRANK, frangk, _adj._ free, open: (_obs._) liberal: open or candid in expression: (_Spens._) unrestrained.--_v.t._ to send free of expense, as a letter.--_n._ the signature of a person who had the right to frank a letter.--_n._ FRANK'-FEE, a species of tenure in fee-simple, the opposite of copyhold.--_adv._ FRANK'LY, candidly: (_obs._) gratuitously.--_ns._ FRANK'NESS; FRANK'-PLEDGE, a system of mutual suretyship by which the members of a tithing were made responsible for one another; FRANK'-TEN'EMENT, freehold. [O. Fr. _franc_--Low L. _francus_--Old High Ger. _Franko_, one of the tribe called Franks, a free man.]

FRANK, frangk, _n._ one of the German tribes from _Franconia_ who conquered Gaul in the 5th century, and founded France: the name given in the East to a native of Western Europe.--_adj._ FRANK'ISH.

FRANK, frangk, _n._ (_Shak._) a pig-sty.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to shut up in a sty, to cram, to fatten. [O. Fr. _franc_.]

FRANKALMOIGN, frangk'al-moin, _n._ (_Eng. law_) a form of land-tenure in which no obligations were enforced except religious ones, as praying, &c. [O. Fr. _franc_, free, _almoigne_, alms.]

FRANKENSTEIN, frangk'en-st[=i]n, _n._ any creation which brings anxiety or disaster to its author--from the _Frankenstein_ in Mrs Shelley's romance so named, who by his skill forms an animate creature like a man, only to his own torment.

FRANKINCENSE, frangk'in-sens, _n._ a sweet-smelling vegetable resin from Arabia, used in sacrifices. [O. Fr. _franc encens_, pure incense.]

FRANKLIN, frangk'lin, _n._ an old English freeholder, free from feudal servitude to a subject-superior. [Low L. _francus_, frank.]

FRANTIC, fran'tik, _adj._ mad, furious: wild.--_advs._ FRAN'TICALLY, FRAN'TICLY (_Shak._).--_adj._ FRAN'TIC-MAD, raving mad.--_n._ FRAN'TICNESS, the state of being frantic. [O. Fr. _frenetique_--L. _phreneticus_--Gr. _phren[=e]tikos_, mad, _phren[=i]tis_, inflammation of the brain--_phr[=e]n_, the mind; see FRENZY.]

FRANZY, fran'zi, _adj._ (_prov._) cross: particular.

FRAP, frap, _v.t._ to strike: (_naut._) to secure by many turns of a lashing. [Fr. _frapper_, to strike.]

FRAPPÉ, fra-p[=a], _adj._ iced, cooled. [Fr.]

FRATCH, frach, _n._ (_prov._) a quarrel or brawl.--_adjs._ FRATCH'ETY, FRATCH'Y; FRATCH'ING. [Imit.]

FRATER, fr[=a]'ter, _n._ the refectory of a monastery. [O. Fr. _fraitur_ for _refreitor_.--Low L. _refect[=o]rium_.]

FRATERNAL, fra-t[.e]r'nal, _adj._ belonging to a brother or brethren: becoming brothers.--_ns._ FRATE (frä'te), a friar:--_pl._ FRÄ'TI; FR[=A]'TER, a friar: comrade; FRATER'CULA, a genus of marine diving-birds, the puffins or masked auks.--_adv._ FRATER'NALLY.--_n._ FRATERNIS[=A]'TION, the associating as brethren.--_v.i._ FRAT'ERNISE, to associate as brothers: to seek brotherly fellowship.--_ns._ FRAT'ERNISER; FRATER'NITY, the state of being brethren: a society formed on a principle of brotherhood; FRAT'RY, the common-room of a monastic establishment, the chapter-house--also FRAT'ERY: a fraternity: a convent of friars. [Fr.,--Low L. _fraternalis_--_frater_, a brother, Eng. _brother_, Gr. _phrat[=e]r_, a clansman, Sans. _bhr[=a]ta_.]

FRATRICIDE, frat'ri-s[=i]d, _n._ one who kills his brother: the murder of a brother.--_adj._ FRAT'RICIDAL. [Fr.,--L. _frater_, _fratris_, _cæd[)e]re_, to kill.]

FRAU, frow, _n._ a married woman, a wife.--_n._ FRÄU'LEIN, a young lady, miss--often in England for a German governess. [Ger.]

FRAUD, frawd, _n._ deceit: imposture: (_Milt._) a snare: a deceptive trick: (_coll._) a cheat: a fraudulent production.--_adj._ FRAUD'FUL, deceptive.--_adv._ FRAUD'FULLY.--_ns._ FRAUD'ULENCE, FRAUD'ULENCY.--_adj._ FRAUD'ULENT, using fraud: dishonest.--_adv._ FRAUD'ULENTLY.--FRAUDULENT BANKRUPTCY, a bankruptcy in which the insolvent is accessory, by concealment or otherwise, to the diminution of the funds divisible among his creditors.--PIOUS FRAUD, a deception practised with a good end in view: (_coll._) a religious humbug. [O. Fr.,--L. _fraus_, _fraudis_, fraud.]

FRAUGHT, frawt, _n._ a load, cargo: the freight of a ship.--_v.t._ to fill, store.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to form the freight of a vessel.--_p.adj._ freighted, laden: filled.--_n._ FRAUGHT'AGE (_Shak._), loading, cargo. [Prob. Old Dut. _vracht_. Cf. FREIGHT.]

FRAXINELLA, frak-si-nel'a, _n._ a common name for cultivated species of dittany.--_n._ FRAX'INUS, the genus of _Oleaceæ_ containing the common ash.

FRAY, fr[=a], _n._ an affray, a brawl.--_v.t._ (_B._) to frighten. [Abbrev. of _affray_.]

FRAY, fr[=a], _v.t._ to wear off by rubbing: to ravel out the edge of a stuff.--_v.i._ to become frayed.--_n._ FRAY'ING, the action of the verb fray: ravellings. [Fr. _frayer_--L. _fric[=a]re_, to rub.]

FRAZIL, fräz'il, _n._ anchor-ice. [Canadian Fr.; prob. Fr. _fraisil_, cinders.]

FRAZZLE, fraz'l, _v.t._ (_U.S._) to fray, wear out.--_n._ state of being worn out.

FREAK, fr[=e]k, _n._ a sudden caprice or fancy: sport: an abnormal production of nature, a monstrosity.--_ns._ FREAK'INESS, FREAK'ISHNESS.--_adjs._ FREAK'ISH, FREAK'FUL, apt to change the mind suddenly: capricious.--_adv._ FREAK'ISHLY. [A late word; cf. A.S. _frícian_, to dance.]

FREAK, fr[=e]k, _v.t._ to spot or streak: to variegate.--_n._ a streak of colour.

FRECK, frek, _adj._ (_Scot._) prompt, eager.--Also FRACK.

FRECKLE, frek'l, _v.t._ to spot: to colour with spots.--_n._ a yellowish or brownish-yellow spot on the skin, esp. of fair-haired persons: any small spot.--_n._ FRECK'LING, a little spot.--_adjs._ FRECK'LY, FRECK'LED, full of freckles. [Ice. _freknur_ (pl.), Dan. _fregne_.]

FREE, fr[=e], _adj._ not bound: at liberty: not under arbitrary government: unimpeded: set at liberty: guiltless: frank: lavish: not attached: exempt (with _from_): having a franchise (with _of_): gratuitous: bold, indecent: idiomatic, as a translation.--_v.t._ to set at liberty: to deliver from what confines: to rid (with _from_, of):--_pr.p._ free'ing; _pa.p._ freed.--_ns._ FREE'-AG'ENCY, state or power of acting freely, or without necessity or constraint upon the will; FREE'-AG'ENT; FREE'-AND-EAS'Y, a kind of public-house club where good fellows gather to smoke and sing; FREE'-BENCH, a widow's right to dower out of her husband's lands, so long as unmarried and chaste; FREE'-BOARD, the space between a vessel's line of flotation and the upper side of the deck; FREE'BOOTER (Dut. _vrijbuiter_), one who roves about freely in search of booty: a plunderer; FREE'BOOTERY.--_adj._ FREE'BOOTING, acting the part of a freebooter: robbing.--_n._ the practice of a freebooter: robbery, pillage.--_n._ FREE'BOOTY.--_adj._ FREE'BORN, born of free parents.--_ns._ FREE'-CIT'Y, a city having independent government; FREE'-COST, freedom from charges; FREED'MAN, a man who has been a slave, and has been freed or set free; FREE'DOM, liberty: frankness: separation: privileges connected with a city: improper familiarity: license; FREE'-FISH'ER, one who has a right to take fish in certain waters.--_adjs._ FREE-FOOT'ED (_Shak._) not restrained in movement; FREE'-HAND, applied to drawing by the unguided hand; FREE'-HAND'ED, open-handed: liberal; FREE'-HEART'ED, open-hearted: liberal.--_ns._ FREE'-HEART'EDNESS, liberality: frankness; FREE'HOLD, a property held free of duty except to the king; FREE'HOLDER, one who possesses a freehold; FREE'-L[=A]'BOUR, voluntary, not slave, labour; FREE'-LANCE, one of certain roving companies of knights and men-at-arms, who after the Crusades wandered about Europe, selling their services to any one; FREE'-LIV'ER, one who freely indulges his appetite for eating and drinking: a glutton; FREE'-LOVE, the claim to freedom in sexual relations, unshackled by marriage or obligation to aliment.--_adv._ FREE'LY.--_ns._ FREE'MAN, a man who is free or enjoys liberty: one who holds a particular franchise or privilege:--_pl._ FREE'MEN; FREE'M[=A]SON, one of a secret society of so-called speculative masons, united in lodges for social enjoyment and mutual assistance, and laying dubious claim to a connection with the medieval organisations of free operative masons.--_adj._ FREEMASON'IC.--_n._ FREEM[=A]'SONRY, the institutions, practices, &c. of Freemasons.--_adj._ FREE'-MIND'ED, with a mind free or unperplexed: without a load of care.--_ns._ FREE'NESS; FREE'-PORT, a port where no duties are levied on articles of commerce; FREE'-SCHOOL, a school where no tuition fees are exacted; FREE'-SHOT (Ger. _Freischütz_), the name given to a legendary hunter and marksman who gets a number of bullets (_Freikugeln_) from the devil, six of which always hit the mark, while the seventh is at the disposal of the devil himself.--_adjs._ FREE'-SOIL, in favour of free territory, opposed to slavery; FREE'-SP[=O]K'EN, accustomed to speak without reserve.--_ns._ FREE'-SP[=O]K'ENNESS; FREE'STONE, an easily quarried stone composed of sand or grit.--_adj._ having a stone from which the pulp easily separates, as a peach--opp. to _Clingstone_.--_adj._ FREE'-SWIM'MING, swimming freely, as an aquatic animal.--_ns._ FREE'THINKER, one who professes to be free from conventional authority in religion: a rationalist; FREE'THINKING, FREE'-THOUGHT, the habit of mind of a freethinker.--_adj._ FREE'-TONGUED, free-spoken.--_ns._ FREE'-TRADE, free or unrestricted trade: free interchange of commodities without protective duties; FREE'-TRAD'ER, one who practises or advocates this; FREE'-WILL, freedom of the will from restraint: liberty of choice: power of self-determination.--_adj._ spontaneous.--FREE-CELL FORMATION, the formation of several cells from and in the protoplasm of the mother-cell; FREE CHURCH, that branch of the Presbyterians in Scotland which left the Established Church in the Disruption of 1843, finding spiritual independence impossible within it: a church whose sittings are open to all: (_pl._) a term often applied to the Nonconformist churches generally; FREE LIST, the list of persons admitted without payment to a theatre, &c., or of those to whom a book, &c., is sent; FREE ON BOARD (F.O.B.), a phrase meaning that goods are to be delivered on the vessel or other conveyance without charge.--FREE STATES, in America, before the Civil War of 1861-65, those of the United States in which slavery did not exist, as opposed to _Slave States_.--MAKE FREE WITH, to take undue liberties with. [A.S. _freo_; Ger. _frei_, Ice. _frí_.]

FREEMARTIN, fr[=e]'mar-tin, _n._ a cow-calf born as a twin with a bull-calf, usually barren.

FREEZE, fr[=e]z, _v.i._ to become ice or like a solid body.--_v.t._ to harden into ice: to cause to shiver, as with terror:--_pr.p._ freez'ing; _pa.t._ fr[=o]ze; _pa.p._ froz'en.--_adj._ FREEZ'ABLE.--_ns._ FREEZ'ING-MIX'TURE, a mixture, as of pounded ice and salt, producing cold sufficient to freeze a liquid by the rapid absorption of heat; FREEZ'ING-POINT, the temperature at which water freezes, marked 32° on the Fahrenheit thermometer, and 0° on the centigrade. [A.S. _fréosan_, pa.p. _froren_; Dut. _vreizen_, Ger. _frieren_, to freeze.]

FREIGHT, fr[=a]t, _n._ the lading or cargo, esp. of a ship; the charge for transporting goods by water.--_v.t._ to load a ship.--_ns._ FREIGHT'AGE, money paid for freight; FREIGHT'ER, one who freights a vessel. [Prob. Old Dut. _vrecht_, a form of _vracht_.]

FREISCHÜTZ. See FREE-SHOT.

FREIT, fr[=e]t, _n._ (_Scot._) any superstitious belief in things as good or bad omens--also FREET.--_adj._ FREIT'Y, FREET'Y, superstitious. [Scand.; Ice. _frétt_, news.]

FREMD, fremd, _adj._ and _n._ (_Scot._) strange, a stranger--Spenser has FRENNE, a stranger.--THE FREMD, the world of strangers. [M. E. _fremd_, _fremed_--A.S. _fremde_; cf. Dut. _vreemd_, Ger. _fremd_.]

FREMESCENT, frem-es'ent, _adj._ raging, riotous.--_n._ FREMES'CENCE. [L. _frem[)e]re_, to roar.]

FREMITUS, frem'i-tus, _n._ a palpable vibration, as of the walls of the chest. [L.]

FRENCH, frensh, _adj._ belonging to _France_ or its people.--_n._ the people or language of France.--_ns._ FRENCH'-BEAN, the common kidney bean, eaten, pods and all, as a table vegetable; FRENCH'-BERR'Y, a small berry, the fruit of certain species of buckthorn, used in dyeing yellow; FRENCH'-CHALK, an indurated clay, extremely dense, and of a smooth glossy surface and white colour; FRENCH'ERY, French fashions collectively; FRENCH'-HORN, a musical wind-instrument somewhat resembling a bugle; FRENCHIFIC[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ FRENCH'IFY, to make French or Frenchlike: to infect with the manner of the French.--_ns._ FRENCH'INESS; FRENCH'MAN, a native or naturalised inhabitant of France:--_fem._ FRENCH'WOMAN; FRENCH'-POL'ISH, a varnish for furniture, consisting chiefly of shellac dissolved in some spirit; FRENCH'-POL'ISHER; FRENCH'-POL'ISHING, the method of coating furniture with French-polish.--_adj._ FRENCH'Y, with an exaggerated French manner.--FRENCH MERINO, a fine twilled cloth of merino wool; FRENCH POX (_obs._), syphilis; FRENCH ROOF, a modified mansard-roof--really American; FRENCH WHITE, finely pulverised talc; FRENCH WINDOW, a long window opening like a folding-door, and serving for exit and entrance.--TAKE FRENCH LEAVE, to depart without notice or permission, to disappear suspiciously.

FRENETIC, -AL, fre-net'ik, -al, _adj._ frenzied: mad: distracted.--Also PHRENET'IC, -AL. [See FRANTIC.]

FRENUM, fr[=e]'num, _n._ a ligament restraining the motion of a part.--Also FRÆ'NUM. [L., a bridle.]

FRENZY, fren'zi, _n._ a violent excitement: mania.--_v.t._ to render frenzied.--_adjs._ FREN'ZIED, FREN'ZICAL, partaking of frenzy. [Through O. Fr. and L.,--from Late Gr. _phren[=e]sis_=Gr. _phrenitis_, inflammation of the brain--_phr[=e]n_, the mind.]

FREQUENT, fr[=e]'kwent, _adj._ coming or occurring often.--_ns._ FR[=E]'QUENCE (_Milt._), a crowd, an assembly; FR[=E]'QUENCY, repeated occurrence of anything.--_v.t._ FREQUENT', to visit often.--_ns._ FR[=E]'QUENTAGE, habit of frequenting; FREQUENT[=A]'TION, the act of visiting often.--_adj._ FREQUENT'ATIVE (_gram._), denoting the frequent repetition of an action.--_n._ (_gram._) a verb expressing this repetition.--_n._ FREQUENT'ER.--_adv._ FR[=E]'QUENTLY.--_n._ FR[=E]'QUENTNESS. [L. _frequens_, _frequentis_; cog. with _farc[=i]re_, to stuff.]

FRESCADE, fres-k[=a]d', _n._ a cool walk. [Fr.,--It. _frescata_.]

FRESCO, fres'k[=o], _n._ a painting executed with colours, consisting chiefly of natural earths, upon walls covered with damp freshly-laid plaster.--_v.t._ to paint in fresco:--_pr.p._ fres'c[=o]ing; _pa.p._ fres'c[=o]ed.--_adj._ FRES'COED.--_ns._ FRES'COER; FRES'COING; FRES'COIST. [It. _fresco_, fresh.]

FRESH, fresh, _adj._ in a state of activity and health: new and strong, not stale or faded: recently produced or obtained: untried: having renewed vigour: healthy, refreshing, invigorating: brisk: (_slang_) tipsy: not salt.--_n._ (_Shak._) a small stream of fresh water: (_Scot._) a thaw, open weather.--_adj._ FRESH'-BLOWN, newly blown, as a flower.--_v.t._ FRESH'EN, to make fresh: to take the saltness from.--_v.i._ to grow fresh: to grow brisk or strong.--_ns._ FRESH'ENER; FRESH'ET, a pool or stream of fresh water: the sudden overflow of a river from rain or melted snow.--_adj._ FRESH'ISH.--_adv._ FRESH'LY.--_ns._ FRESH'MAN, one in the rudiments of knowledge, esp. a university student in his first year--also FRESH'ER; FRESH'MANSHIP, FRESH'ERDOM.--_adj._ FRESH'-NEW (_Shak._), unpractised, wholly unacquainted; FRESH'WA'TER, of or pertaining to water not salt: accustomed to sail only on fresh water--hence unskilled, raw. [A.S. _fersc_; cf. Dut. _versch_, Ger. _frisch_.]

FRET, fret, _v.t._ to wear away by rubbing, to rub, chafe, ripple, disturb: to eat into: to vex, to irritate.--_v.i._ to wear away: to vex one's self: to be peevish:--_pr.p._ fret'ting; _pa.p._ fret'ted, (_B._) fret.--_n._ agitation of the surface of a liquid: irritation: the worn side of the banks of a river.--_adj._ FRET'FUL, peevish.--_adv._ FRET'FULLY.--_n._ FRET'FULNESS.--_p.adj._ FRET'TING, vexing.--_n._ peevishness. [A.S. _fretan_, to gnaw--pfx. _for-_, inten., and _etan_, to eat; Ger. _fressen_.]

FRET, fret, _v.t._ to ornament with raised work: to variegate:--_pr.p._ fret'ting; _pa.p._ fret'ted. [O. Fr. _freter_.]

FRET, fret, _n._ a piece of interlaced ornamental work: (_archit._) an ornament consisting of small fillets intersecting each other at right angles: (_her._) bars crossed and interlaced.--_ns._ FRET'-SAW, a saw with a narrow blade and fine teeth, used for fret-work, scroll-work, &c.; FRETTE, a hoop for strengthening a cannon shrunk on its breach.--_adjs._ FRET'TED, FRET'TY, ornamented with frets.--_n._ FRET'-WORK, ornamental work consisting of a combination of frets, perforated work. [O. Fr. _frete_, trellis-work.]

FRET, fret, _n._ a short wire on the finger-board of a guitar or other instrument.--_v.t._ to furnish with frets. [Prob. same as the above.]

FRIABLE, fr[=i]'a-bl, _adj._ apt to crumble: easily reduced to powder.--_ns._ FR[=I]'ABLENESS, FRIABIL'ITY. [Fr.,--L. _friabilis_--_fri[=a]re_, _fri[=a]tum_, to crumble.]

FRIAR, fr[=i]'ar, _n._ a member of one of the mendicant monastic orders in the R.C. Church--the Franciscans (_Friars Minor_ or _Gray Friars_), Dominicans (_Friars Major_, _Friars Preachers_, or _Black Friars_), Carmelites (_White Friars_), and Augustinians (_Austin Friars_).--_adj._ FR[=I]'ARLY, like a friar.--_n._ FR[=I]'ARY, a monastery.--FRIARS' BALSAM (see BENZOIN); FRIAR'S CAP, the wolf's-bane; FRIAR'S COWL, the wake-robin; FRIAR'S LANTERN, the ignis-fatuus or Will-o'-the-wisp. [O. Fr. _frere_--L. _frater_, a brother.]

FRIBBLE, frib'l, _v.i._ to trifle.--_n._ a trifler.--_ns._ FRIBB'LEDOM; FRIBB'LEISM; FRIBB'LER.--_adj._ FRIBB'LISH, trifling. [Onomatopoeic; prob. influenced by _frivol_.]

FRICANDEAU, frik-an-d[=o]', _n._ a thick slice of veal, &c., larded. [Fr., perh. from _friand_, dainty, nice, and perh. ult. conn. with _fricassee_.]

FRICASSEE, frik-as-s[=e]', _n._ a dish made of fowl, rabbit, &c. cut into pieces and cooked in sauce.--_v.t._ to dress as a fricassee:--_pr.p._ fricassee'ing; _pa.p._ fricasseed'. [Fr. _fricassée_; origin unknown.]

FRICTION, frik'shun, _n._ the act of rubbing: (_statics_) a force acting in the tangent plane of two bodies, when one slides or rolls upon another, and always in a direction opposite to that in which the moving body tends: difficulty, unpleasantness.--_adjs._ FRIC'ATIVE, produced by friction, used of those consonants which are produced by the breath being forced through a narrow opening; FRIC'TIONAL, relating to, moved by, or produced by friction.--_n._ FRIC'TION-GEAR'ING, a method of imparting the motion of one wheel or pulley to another by mere contact.--_adj._ FRIC'TIONLESS, having no friction.--_n.pl._ FRIC'TION-WHEELS, wheels that lessen friction. [Fr.,--L. _frictionem_--_fric[=a]re_, _frictum_, to rub.]

FRIDAY, fr[=i]'d[=a], _n._ the sixth day of the week.--BLACK FRIDAY, Good Friday, from the black vestments of the clergy and altar in the Western Church: any Friday marked by a great calamity; GOOD FRIDAY, the Friday before Easter, kept in commemoration of the Crucifixion; HOLY FRIDAY, Friday in an ember-week--also GOLDEN FRIDAY, sometimes put for Good Friday itself. [A.S. _Frígedæg_, day of (the goddess) _Fríg_--Latinised _Frigga_--wife of Odin.]

FRIDGE, frij, _v.t._ (_Sterne_) to rub or fray.

FRIED, fr[=i]d, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _fry_.

FRIEND, frend, _n._ one loving or attached to another: an intimate acquaintance: a favourer: one of a society so called: (_Scot._) a relative.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to befriend.--_adj._ FRIEND'ED, supplied with friends.--_n._ FRIEND'ING (_Shak._), friendliness.--_adj._ FRIEND'LESS, without friends: destitute.--_n._ FRIEND'LESSNESS.--_adv._ FRIEND'LILY.--_n._ FRIEND'LINESS.--_adj._ FRIEND'LY, like a friend: having the disposition of a friend: favourable: pertaining to the Friends or Quakers.--_n._ FRIEND'SHIP, attachment from mutual esteem: friendly assistance.--FRIENDLY SOCIETIES, or _Benefit societies_, associations, chiefly among mechanics, &c., for relief during sickness, old age, widowhood, by provident insurance.--BE FRIENDS WITH, to be on intimate or friendly relations with; HAVE A FRIEND AT COURT, to have a friend in a position where his influence is likely to prove useful; SOCIETY OF FRIENDS, the designation proper of a sect of Christians better known as Quakers. [A.S. _fréond_, pr.p. of _fréon_, to love; Ger. _freund_.]

FRIER, fr[=i]'[.e]r, _n._ (_Milt._) a friar.

FRIEZE, fr[=e]z, _n._ a coarse woollen cloth with a nap on one side.--_adj._ FRIEZED, napped. [Fr. _frise_.]

FRIEZE, fr[=e]z, _n._ (_archit._) the part of the entablature between the architrave and cornice, often ornamented with figures.--_v.t._ to put a frieze on. [O. Fr. _frize_; It. _fregio_; perh. L. _Phrygium_, Phrygian.]

FRIGATE, frig'[=a]t, _n._ in the Royal Navy, formerly a vessel in the class next to ships of the line, carrying 28 to 60 guns on the maindeck and a raised quarter-deck and forecastle--not now denoting a distinct class of vessels.--_ns._ FRIG'ATE-BIRD, a large tropical sea-bird, with very long wings; FRIGATOON', a small Venetian vessel with square stern and two masts. [O. Fr. _fregate_--It. _fregata_; ety. dub.]

FRIGHT, fr[=i]t, _n._ sudden fear: terror: anything inspiring terror or alarm, a figure of grotesque or ridiculous appearance.--_vs.t._ FRIGHT, FRIGHT'EN, to make afraid: to alarm.--_adjs._ FRIGHT'ABLE, FRIGHT'ENABLE, timid; FRIGHT'FUL, terrible: shocking.--_adv._ FRIGHT'FULLY.--_n._ FRIGHT'FULNESS.--_adj._ FRIGHT'SOME, frightful: feeling fright. [A.S. _fyrhto_; cf. Ger. _furcht_, fear.]

FRIGID, frij'id, _adj._ frozen or stiffened with cold: cold: without spirit or feeling: unanimated.--_n._ FRIGID'ITY, coldness: coldness of affection: want of animation.--_adv._ FRIG'IDLY.--_n._ FRIG'IDNESS.--_adj._ FRIGORIF'IC, causing cold.--FRIGID ZONES, the parts of the earth's surface within the circle drawn with the poles as centre, and a radius of 23½ degrees. [L. _frigidus_--_frig[=e]re_, to be cold--_frigus_, cold.]

FRIGOT, frig'ot, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as FRIGATE.

FRIJOLE, fr[=e]-h[=o]l', _n._ the common Mexican bean. [Sp.]

FRILL, fril, _v.i._ to ruffle, as a hawk its feathers, when shivering.--_v.t._ to furnish with a frill.--_n._ a ruffle: a ruffled or crimped edging of linen.--_ns._ FRILLED'-LIZ'ARD, a lizard with an extraordinary frilled membrane attached to the hinder part of the head, neck, and chest, and covering its shoulders; FRILL'ING, frilled edging. [Usually conn. with O. Fr. _friller_, to shiver; but prob. related to _furl_.]

FRIMAIRE, fr[=e]-m[=a]r', _n._ the third month of the French revolutionary calendar, Nov. 21-Dec. 20. [Fr. _frimas_, frost.]

FRINGE, frinj, _n._ loose threads forming an ornamental border: anything like a fringe, even a girl's hair cut in front and falling over the brow: the extremity.--_v.t._ to adorn with fringe: to border.--_adjs._ FRINGED; FRINGE'LESS; FRING'ENT, fringing.--_n._ FRINGE'-TREE, in the United States, a large shrub with very numerous snow-white flowers in panicled racemes.--_adj._ FRING'Y, ornamented with fringes. [O. Fr. _frenge_--L. _fimbria_, threads, fibres, akin to _fibra_, a fibre.]

FRINGILLACEOUS, frin-ji-l[=a]'shi-us, _adj._ pertaining to the finches or _Fringillidæ_.--Also FRINGIL'LIFORM, FRINGIL'LINE. [L. _fringilla_.]

FRIPPERY, frip'[.e]r-i, _n._ worn-out clothes: the place where old clothes are sold: useless trifles.--_adj._ useless: trifling.--_n._ FRIPP'ER, one who deals in old clothes. [O. Fr. _freperie_, _frepe_, a rag.]

FRISETTE. See FRIZZLE.

FRISEUR, fris-[.e]r', _n._ a hair-dresser.--_n._ FRIS'URE, mode of curling the hair. [Fr. _friser_, to curl.]

FRISIAN, friz'i-an, _adj._ and _n._ pertaining to the people of _Friesland_, or to their language.--Also FRIES'IAN, FRIES'IC, FRIES'ISH.

FRISK, frisk, _v.i._ to gambol: to leap playfully.--_n._ a frolic.--_n._ FRISK'ER.--_adj._ FRISK'FUL, brisk, lively.--_adv._ FRISK'ILY.--_n._ FRISK'INESS.--_adj._ FRISK'ING.--_adv._ FRISK'INGLY.--_adj._ FRISK'Y, lively: jumping with gaiety: frolicsome. [O. Fr. _frisque_; acc. to Skeat, from Ice. _frískr_, Sw. and Dan. _frisk_.]

FRISKET, frisk'[.e]t, _n._ (_print._) the light frame between the tympan and the form, to hold in place the sheet to be printed. [Fr. _frisquette_.]

FRIT, frit, _n._ the mixed materials of which glass is made, after being heated until they fuse partially without melting.--_v.t._ to fuse partially without melting:--_pr.p._ _frit'ting_; _pa.p._ frit'ted. [Fr. _fritte_--It. _fritta_.--L. _frig[)e]re_, _frictum_, to roast.]

FRIT, frit, _n._ a small fly destructive to wheat.

FRITH, frith, FIRTH, f[.e]rth, _n._ a narrow inlet of the sea, esp. at a river-mouth. [Ice. _fiörðr_; Norw. _fiord_.]

FRITH, frith, _n._ peace.--_ns._ FRITH'BORG (_A.S. law_), one of the tithings or groups of ten men into which the hundred was divided, the members of each being accountable for a fellow-member's misdeeds; FRITH'GILD, a union of neighbours pledged to one another for the preservation of peace; FRITH'SOKEN, the jurisdiction to punish for breaches of the peace; FRITH'STOOL, a chair of sanctuary, placed near the altar in a church--as at Hexham and Beverley. [A.S. _frith_, peace; Ger. _friede_.]

FRITH, frith, _n._ forest. [A.S. _(ge)fyrhðe_.]

FRITILLARY, frit'il-lar-i, _n._ a genus of plants of the order _Liliaceæ_, with drooping purple flowers: a species of butterfly. [L. _fritillus_, a dice-box.]

FRITTER, frit'[.e]r, _n._ a piece of meat fried: a kind of pancake, a slice of some fruit sweetened, fried, and served hot: a fragment.--_v.t._ to break into fragments.--_n._ FRITT'ERER, one who wastes time. [O. Fr. _friture_--L. _frig[)e]re_, _frictum_, to fry.]

FRIVOLOUS, friv'ol-us, _adj._ trifling: silly.--_n._ FRIVOL'ITY, act or habit of trifling: levity.--_adv._ FRIV'OLOUSLY.--_n._ FRIV'OLOUSNESS. [Fr. _frivole_--L. _frivolus_.]

FRIZZ, FRIZ, friz, _v.t._ to curl: to render rough and tangled.--_n._ a curl, a wig.--_adjs._ FRIZZED, having the hair curled or crisped into frizzes; FRIZZ'Y. [O. Fr. _friser_, to curl; perh. conn. with _frieze_, cloth.]

FRIZZLE, friz'l, _v.t._ to form in small short curls.--_v.i._ to go into curls.--_n._ a curl.--_ns._ FRIZETTE', FRISETTE', a cluster of small curls worn over the forehead.--_adj._ FRIZZ'LY. [Related to _frizz_ and _frieze_.]

FRO, fr[=o], _adv._ from: back or backward.--_prep._ (_obs._) from. [A shortened form of _from_; but perh. directly derived from Ice. _frá_, from.]

FROCK, frok, _n._ a wide-sleeved garment worn by monks: a loose upper garment worn by men: a sailor's jersey: a gown worn by females: an undress regimental coat.--_v.t._ to furnish with a frock: to invest with priestly office.--_n._ FROCK'-COAT, a double-breasted full-skirted coat for men.--_adj._ FROCKED, clothed in a frock.--_n._ FROCK'ING, cloth suitable for frocks, coarse jean.--_adj._ FROCK'LESS, wanting a frock. [O. Fr. _froc_, a monk's frock--Low L. _frocus_--L. _floccus_, a flock of wool; or more prob. (acc. to Brachet and Littré) from Low L. _hrocus_--Old High Ger. _hroch_ (Ger. _rock_), a coat.]

FROG, frog, _n._ a genus of tailless amphibians, with webbed feet, remarkable for its rapid swimming and leaping: a soft, horny substance in the middle of the sole of a horse's foot, forking towards the heel: a section of a rail or rails at a point where two lines cross, or of a switch from one line to another.--_ns._ FROG'-BIT, a small aquatic plant, allied to the water-soldier, but with floating leaves; FROG'-EAT'ER, one who eats frogs, a Frenchman; FROG'-FISH, a name for various fishes, esp. the angler; FROG'GERY, frogs collectively: a place where frogs abound.--_adj._ FROG'GY, having or abounding in frogs.--_ns._ FROG'-HOP'PER, FROG'-SPIT (see FROTH-FLY); FROG'LING, a little frog.--FROG MARCH, a method of carrying a refractory or drunken prisoner face downwards between four men, each holding a limb. [A.S. _frogga_, _frox_; cog. with Ice. _froskr_; Ger. _frosch_.]

FROG, frog, _n._ an ornamental fastening or tasselled button for a frock or cloak.--_adj._ FROGGED, in uniforms, of ornamental stripes or workings of braid or lace, mostly on the breast of a coat.

FROISE, froiz, _n._ a kind of pancake or omelette, often with slices of bacon.--Also _Fraise_. [Fr.]

FROLIC, frol'ik, _adj._ merry: pranky.--_n._ gaiety: a wild prank: a merry-making.--_v.i._ to play wild pranks or merry tricks: to gambol:--_pr.p._ frol'icking; _pa.p._ frol'icked.--_adj._ FROL'ICSOME, gay: sportive.--_adv._ FROL'ICSOMELY.--_n._ FROL'ICSOMENESS. [Dut. _vrolijk_, merry; cf. Ger. _fröhlich_, joyful, gay.]

FROM, from, _prep._ forth: out of, as from a source: away: at a distance: springing out of: by reason of. [A.S. _fram_, _from_; akin to Goth. _fram_, Ice. _frá_.]

FROND, frond, _n._ (_bot._) a leaf-like expansion in many cryptogamous plants, organs in which the functions of stem and leaf are combined.--_adjs._ FROND'ED, having fronds; FROND'ENT, leafy.--_n._ FRONDES'CENCE, act of putting forth leaves: the season for putting forth leaves.--_adjs._ FRONDES'CENT, springing into leaf; FRONDIF'EROUS, bearing or producing fronds; FRONDOSE', covered with fronds. [L. _frons_, _frondis_, a leaf.]

FRONDE, frond, _n._ the name given to certain factions in France during the minority of Louis XIV., hostile to the court and the minister Mazarin.--_n._ FROND'EUR, a member of the Fronde: an irreconcilable. [Fr., a sling--L. _funda_.]

FRONT, frunt, _n._ the forehead: the whole face: the forepart of anything: a kind of wig worn by ladies: the most conspicuous part: boldness: impudence.--_adj._ of, relating to, or in the front.--_v.t._ to stand in front of or opposite: to oppose face to face.--_v.i._ to stand in front or foremost: to turn the front or face in any direction.--_n._ FRONT'AGE, the front part of a building.--_adj._ FRONT'AL, of or belonging to the front or forehead.--_n._ a front-piece: something worn on the forehead or face: (_archit._) a pediment over a door or window: a hanging of silk, satin, &c., embroidered for an altar--now usually covering only the top, the _superfrontal_--formerly covering the whole of the front, corresponding to the _antependium_.--_adjs._ FRONT'ATE, -D (_bot._), growing broader and broader: (_zool._) having a prominent frons or forehead; FRONT'ED, formed with a front; FRONT'LESS, void of shame or modesty.--_adv._ FRONT'LESSLY.--_n._ FRONT'LET, a band worn on the forehead.--_advs._ FRONT'WARD, -S, towards the front.--COME TO THE FRONT, to become conspicuous: to attain an important position; IN FRONT OF, before. [O. Fr.,--L. _frons_, _frontis_, the forehead.]

FRONTIER, front'[=e]r, _n._ the boundary of a territory: (_Shak._) an outwork.--_adj._ lying on the frontier: bordering.--_v.t._ (_Spens._) to place on the frontier.--_n._ FRONT'IERSMAN, one settled on the borders of a country. [O. Fr. _frontier_--L. _frons_.]

FRONTISPIECE, front'i-sp[=e]s, _n._ (_archit._) the principal face of a building: a figure or engraving in front of a book.--_v.t._ to put as a frontispiece, to furnish with such. [Fr.,--Low L. _frontispicium_--frons, forehead, _spec[)e]re_, to see; not conn. with _piece_.]

FRONTON, fron'ton, _n._ (_archit._) a pediment.--Also FRON'TOON. [Fr.]

FRORE, fr[=o]r, FROREN, fr[=o]'ren, _adj._ frozen, frosty.--_adj._ FR[=O]'RY (_Spens._), frozen. [A.S. _froren_, pa.p. of _fréosan_, to freeze.]

FROST, frost, _n._ the state of the atmosphere in which water freezes: state of being frozen: frozen dew, also called _hoar-frost_: (_slang_) a disappointment, a cheat.--_v.t._ to cover with hoar-frost or with anything resembling hoar-frost: to sharpen (the points of a horse's shoe) that it may not slip on ice.--_n._ FROST'-BITE, the freezing or depression of vitality in a part of the body by exposure to cold.--_v.t._ to affect with frost.--_adjs._ FROST'-BIT'TEN, bitten or affected by frost; FROST'-BOUND, bound or confined by frost; FROST'ED, covered by frost or any fine powder: injured by frost.--_adv._ FROST'ILY.--_ns._ FROST'INESS; FROST'ING, the composition, resembling hoar-frost, used to cover cake, &c.--_adj._ FROST'LESS, free from frost.--_n._ FROST'-NAIL, a projecting nail in a horse-shoe serving as an ice-calk.--_v.t._ to put in such nails.--_ns._ FROST'-SMOKE, vapour frozen in the atmosphere, and having a smoke-like appearance; FROST'-WORK, work resembling hoar-frost on shrubs, &c.--_adj._ FROST'Y, producing or containing frost: chill in affection: frost-like. [A.S. _frost_, _forst_--_fréosan_; cf. Ger. _frost_.]

FROTH, froth, _n._ the foam on liquids caused by boiling, or any agitation: (_fig._) an empty show in speech: any light matter.--_v.t._ to cause froth on.--_v.i._ to throw up froth.--_ns._ FROTH'ERY, mere froth; FROTH'-FLY, also FROTH'-HOP'PER, FROG'-HOP'PER, FROG'-SPIT, common names for numerous insects parasitic on plants, on which the larvæ and pupæ are found surrounded by a frothy spittle.--_adv._ FROTH'ILY.--_n._ FROTH'INESS.--_adjs._ FROTH'LESS, free from froth; FROTH'Y, full of froth or foam: empty: unsubstantial. [Scand., as in Ice. _froða_, Dan. _fraade_.]

FROUNCE, frowns, _v.t._ to plait: to curl: to wrinkle up: to frown.--_n._ a plait or curl.--_v.i._ (_obs._) to frown or wrinkle the brow. [O. Fr. _froncier_. See FLOUNCE (2), of which it is an older form.]