Chapter XI: Foreword: , f=or'wurd, n. a preface (2)

FROW, frow, _n._ a Dutchwoman. [Dut. _vrouw_.]

FROWARD, fr[=o]'ward, _adj._ (_Spens._) turned from: self-willed: perverse: unreasonable--opp. to _Toward_.--_adv._ FR[=O]'WARDLY.--_n._ FR[=O]'WARDNESS. [A.S. _fra_, away, with affix _-ward_.]

FROWN, frown, _v.i._ to wrinkle the brow as in anger: to look angry.--_v.t._ to repel by a frown.--_n._ a wrinkling or contraction of the brow in displeasure, &c.: a stern look.--_adj._ FROWN'ING, gloomy.--_adv._ FROWN'INGLY. [From O. Fr. _froignier_ (mod. _refrogner_), to knit the brow; origin unknown.]

FROWY, frow'i, _adj._ (_Spens._) musty, rancid.

FROWZY, frow'zi, _adj._ rough and tangled.--Also FROW'SY. [Perh. conn. with _frounce_.]

FROZEN, fr[=o]z'n, _pa.p._ of _freeze_.

FRUCTIDOR, fruk-ti-d[=o]r', _n._ the twelfth month in the French revolutionary calendar, Aug. 18-Sept. 16. [Fr.,--L. _fructus_, fruit; Gr. _d[=o]ron_, a gift.]

FRUCTIFY, fruk'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ to make fruitful: to fertilise.--_v.i._ to bear fruit.--_adj._ FRUCT'ED (_her._), bearing fruit.--_n._ FRUCTES'CENCE, the time for the ripening of fruit.--_adj._ FRUCTIF'EROUS, bearing fruit.--_ns._ FRUCTIFIC[=A]'TION, act of fructifying, or producing fruit: (_bot._) a term denoting sometimes the whole reproductive system, sometimes the 'fruit' itself; FRUC'TOSE, fruit sugar or levulose; FRUC'TUARY, one enjoying the fruits of anything.--_adj._ FRUC'TUOUS, full of fruit. [Fr.,--L.,--_fructus_, fruit.]

FRUGAL, fr[=oo]'gal, _adj._ economical in the use of means: thrifty.--_ns._ FRU'GALIST, one who is frugal; FRUGAL'ITY, economy: thrift.--_adv._ FRU'GALLY. [L. _frugalis_--_frugi_, fit for food--_frux_, _frugis_, fruit.]

FRUGIFEROUS, fr[=oo]-jif'[.e]r-us, _adj._ fruit-bearing.--_adj._ FRUGIV'OROUS, feeding on fruits or seeds. [L. _frux_, _frugis_--_ferre_, to carry, _vor[=a]re_, to eat.]

FRUIT, fr[=oo]t, _n._ the produce of the earth, which supplies the wants of men and animals: the part of a plant which contains the seed: the offspring of animals: product, consequence, effect, advantage--(_Spens._) FRUICT.--_v.i._ to produce fruit.--_ns._ FRUIT'AGE, fruit collectively: fruits; FRUIT'-BUD, a bud that produces fruit; FRUIT'-CAKE, a cake containing raisins, &c.; FRUIT'ERER, one who deals in fruit:--_fem._ FRUIT'ERESS; FRUIT'ERY, a place for storing fruit: fruitage.--_adj._ FRUIT'FUL, producing fruit abundantly: productive.--_adv._ FRUIT'FULLY.--_ns._ FRUIT'FULNESS; FRUIT'ING, process of bearing fruit; FRUIT'-KNIFE, a knife with a blade of silver, &c., for cutting fruit.--_adj._ FRUIT'LESS, barren: without profit: useless.--_adv._ FRUIT'LESSLY.--_ns._ FRUIT'LESSNESS; FRUIT'-TREE, a tree yielding edible fruit.--_adj._ FRUIT'Y, like, or tasting like, fruit.--SMALL FRUITS, strawberries, currants, &c. [O. Fr. _fruit_, _fruict_--L. _fructus_--_frui_, _fructus_, to enjoy.]

FRUITION, fr[=oo]-ish'un, _n._ enjoyment: use or possession of anything, esp. accompanied with pleasure.--_adj._ FRU'ITIVE, of or pertaining to fruition. [O. Fr. _fruition_--L. _frui_, to enjoy.]

FRUMENTATION, fr[=oo]-men-t[=a]'shun, _n._ a largess of grain bestowed on the starving or turbulent people in ancient Rome.--_adjs._ FRUMENT[=A]'CEOUS, made of or resembling wheat or other grain; FRUMENT[=A]'RIOUS, pertaining to corn. [L. _frumentation-em_--_frument[=a]ri_, to provide with corn--_frumentum_, corn.]

FRUMENTY, fr[=oo]'men-ti, _n._ food made of hulled wheat boiled in milk.--Also FUR'METY. [O. Fr. _frumentee_, wheat boiled--_frument_--L. _frumentum_.]

FRUMP, frump, _n._ a dowdy and cross-grained woman: (_obs._) a flout or snub.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to snub.--_adjs._ FRUMP'ISH, FRUMP'Y, sour-tempered: ill-dressed.

FRUMPLE, frum'pl, _v.t._ (_prov._) to wrinkle.

FRUSH, frush, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to break, bruise, or crush.--_adj._ broken or crushed: brittle.--_n._ an onset, attack. [O. Fr. _froissier_, to bruise--L. _frustum_, fragment.]

FRUSH, frush, _n._ (_prov._) the frog of a horse's foot: a disease in that part of a horse's foot.

FRUSTRATE, frus'tr[=a]t, _v.t._ to make vain or of no effect: to bring to nothing: to defeat.--_p.adj._ vain, ineffectual, defeated.--_adj._ FRUS'TRABLE, capable of being frustrated.--_n._ FRUSTR[=A]'TION, disappointment: defeat.--_adjs._ FRUS'TRATIVE, tending to frustrate; FRUS'TRATORY, disappointing. [L. _frustr[=a]ri_, _frustr[=a]tus_--_frustra_, in vain.]

FRUSTULE, frus't[=u]l, _n._ the siliceous two-valved shell of a diatom, with its contents.

FRUSTUM, frus'tum, _n._ a slice of a solid body: the part of a cone which remains when the top is cut off by a plane parallel to the base. [L. _frustum_, a bit.]

FRUTESCENT, fr[=oo]-tes'ent, _adj._ becoming shrubby; FRU'TEX, a shrub.--_adjs._ FRU'TICOSE, FRU'TICOUS, shrub-like: shrubby; FRUTIC'ULOSE, like a small shrub. [L. _frutesc[)e]re_--_frutex_, _fruticis_, a shrub.]

FRUTIFY, fr[=oo]'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ and _v.i._ (_Shak._)=FRUCTIFY.

FRY, fr[=i], _v.t._ to dress food with oil or fat in a pan over the fire: to vex.--_v.i._ to undergo the action of heat in a frying-pan: to simmer: (_Spens._) to boil:--_pr.p._ fry'ing; _pa.p._ fried.--_n._ a dish of anything fried.--_n._ FRY'ING-PAN, a flat iron vessel or pan for frying with.--OUT OF THE FRYING-PAN INTO THE FIRE, out of one evil or danger merely to fall into a greater. [Fr. _frire_--L. _frig[)e]re_; cf. Gr. _phrygein_.]

FRY, fr[=i], _n._ a swarm of fishes just spawned: a number of small things.--SMALL FRY, small things collectively, persons or things of little importance. [M. E. _fri_--Ice. _frió_; Dan. and Sw. _frö_.]

FUAR. Same as FEUAR.

FUB, fub, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to put off, to cheat: to steal.--_n._ FUB'BERY (_obs._), deception.--FUB OFF, to put off or evade by a trick or a lie. [See FOB.]

FUBBY, fub'i, FUBSY, fub'zi, _adj._ chubby. [Ety. dub.]

FUCHSIA, f[=u]'shi-a, a plant with long pendulous flowers, native to South America. [Named after Leonard _Fuchs_, a German botanist, 1501-66.]

FUCUS, f[=u]'kus, _n._ a genus of seaweed containing the wrack and other species: a dye: a disguise.--_adj._ FUCIV'OROUS, eating seaweed.--_n._ F[=U]'COID, fossil seaweed.--_adj._ containing fucoids.--_adj._ F[=U]'CUSED, painted. [L. _fucus_, seaweed.]

FUD, fud, _n._ (_Scot._) a hare's tail: the buttocks.

FUDDLE, fud'l, _v.t._ to stupefy with drink.--_v.i._ to drink to excess or habitually:--_pr.p._ fudd'ling; _pa.p._ fudd'led.--_n._ intoxicating drink.--_ns._ FUDD'LE-CAP, a hard drinker; FUDD'LER, a drunkard.--_adj._ FUDD'LING, tippling. [Cf. Dut. _vod_, soft, Ger. prov. _fuddeln_, to swindle.]

FUDGE, fuj, _n._ stuff: nonsense: an exclamation of contempt.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ to botch or bungle anything.--_adj._ FUD'GY, irritable: awkward.

FUEL, f[=u]'el, _n._ anything that feeds a fire, supplies energy, &c.--_v.t._ (_arch._) to furnish with fuel.--_adj._ F[=U]'ELLED, furnished with fuel.--_n._ F[=U]'ELLER, one who, or that which, supplies fuel for fires. [O. Fr. _fowaille_--L. _focale_--L. _focus_, a fireplace.]

FUERO, fw[=a]'r[=o], _n._ the constitution of certain practically autonomous states and communities in northern Spain and south-western France--the Basque provinces, Navarre, Bearn, &c.: modes and tenures of property, &c., nearly equivalent to the French customary law. [Sp.,--L. _forum_.]

FUFF, fuf, _n._ (_Scot._) a puff: the spitting of a cat: a burst of anger.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to puff.--_adj._ FUFF'Y, light and soft.

FUGACIOUS, f[=u]-g[=a]'shus, _adj._ apt to flee away: fleeting.--_ns._ FUG[=A]'CIOUSNESS, FUGAC'ITY. [L. _fugax_, _fugacis_, from _fug[)e]re_, to flee.]

FUGITIVE, f[=u]j'i-tiv, _adj._ apt to flee away: uncertain: volatile: perishable: temporary: occasional, written for some passing occasion.--_n._ one who flees or has fled from his station or country: one hard to be caught.--_ns._ F[=U]'GIE (_Scot._), a cock that will not fight, a runaway; F[=U]'GIE-WARR'ANT, a warrant to apprehend a debtor about to abscond, prob. from the phrase _in meditatione fugæ_; FUGIT[=A]'TION (_Scots law_), absconding from justice: outlawry.--_adv._ FUG'ITIVELY.--_n._ FUG'ITIVENESS. [Fr.,--L. _fugitivus_, _fug[)e]re_, to flee.]

FUGLEMAN, f[=u]'gl-man, _n._ a soldier who stands before a company at drill as an example: a ringleader, mouthpiece of others.--_v.i._ F[=U]'GLE (_Carlyle_), to act like a fugleman. [Ger. _flügelmann_, the leader of a file--_flügel_, a wing, _mann_, man.]

FUGUE, f[=u]g, _n._ (_mus._) a form of composition in which the subject is given out by one part and immediately taken up by a second, its _answer_, during which the first part supplies an accompaniment or counter-subject, and so on.--_n._ FUG'UIST, one who writes or plays fugues. [Fr.,--It. _fuga_--L. _fuga_, flight.]

FULCRUM, ful'krum, _n._ (_mech._) the prop or fixed point on which a lever moves: a prop:--_pl._ FUL'CRUMS, FUL'CRA.--_adj._ FUL'CRATE, supported with fulcrums. [L. _fulcrum_, a prop, _fulc[=i]re_, to prop.]

FULFIL, fool-fil', _v.t._ to complete: to accomplish: to carry into effect:--_pr.p._ fulfil'ling; _pa.p._ fulfilled'.--_ns._ FULFIL'LER; FULFIL'LING, FULFIL'MENT, full performance: completion: accomplishment. [A.S. _fullfyllan_--_full_, full, _fyllan_, to fill.]

FULGENT, ful'jent, _adj._ shining: bright.--_n._ FUL'GENCY.--_adv._ FUL'GENTLY.--_adj._ FUL'GID, flashing.--_ns._ FUL'GOR, FUL'GOUR, splendour.--_adj._ FUL'GOROUS, flashing. [L. _fulgent_, pr.p. of _fulg[=e]re_, to shine.]

FULGURATE, ful'g[=u]-r[=a]t, _v.i._ to flash as lightning.--_adjs._ FUL'GURAL, pertaining to lightning; FUL'GURANT, flashing like lightning.--_ns._ FULGUR[=A]'TION, in assaying, the sudden and final brightening of the fused globule; FUL'GUR[=I]TE, a tube of vitrified sand frequent in loose sandhills--prob. due to lightning--_adj._ FUL'GUROUS, resembling lightning.

FULHAM, ful'am, _n._ a die loaded at the corner.--Also FULL'AM, FULL'AN. [Prob. the place-name _Fulham_.]

FULIGINOUS, f[=u]-lij'i-nus, _adj._ sooty: smoky.--_n._ FULIGINOS'ITY.--_adv._ FULIG'INOUSLY. [L., _fuligo_, soot.]

FULL, fool, _adj._ having all it can contain: having no empty space: abundantly supplied or furnished: abounding: containing the whole matter: complete: perfect: strong: clear: (_coll._) drunk: at poker, consisting of three of a kind and a pair.--_n._ completest extent, as of the moon: highest degree: the whole: time of full-moon.--_v.t._ to draw up or pucker the cloth on one side more than on the other.--_adv._ quite: to the same degree: with the whole effect: completely.--_adjs._ FULL'-[=A]'CORNED (_Shak._), full-fed with acorns; FULL'-AGED, having reached one's majority.--_n._ FULL'-BLOOD, an individual of pure blood.--_adjs._ FULL'-BLOOD'ED; FULL'-BLOOMED, in perfect bloom; FULL'-BLOWN, blown or fully expanded, as a flower; FULL'-BOTT'OMED, having a full or large bottom, as a wig.--_n._ FULL'-DRESS, the dress worn on occasions of state or ceremony.--_adjs._ FULL'-EYED, with large prominent eyes; FULL'-FACED, having a full or broad face; FULL'-FED, fed to plumpness; FULL'-FRAUGHT (_Shak._), full-stored; FULL'-GROWN, grown to maturity; FULL'-HAND'ED, bearing something valuable, as a gift; FULL'-HEART'ED, full of heart or courage: elated; FULL'-HOT (_Shak._), heated to the utmost; FULL'-LENGTH, extending the whole length (_n._ a portrait showing such); FULL-MANNED (_Shak._), having a full crew.--_ns._ FULL'-MOON, the moon with its whole disc illuminated, when opposite the sun; FULL'NESS, FUL'NESS, the state of being filled so as to have no part vacant: the state of abounding in anything: completeness: satiety: largeness: force and volume, as of sound: (_Shak._) plenty, wealth.--_adjs._ FULL'-ORBED, having the orb or disc fully illuminated, as the full-moon: round; FULL'-SAILED, unbounded, absolute: moving onwards under full sail; FULL-SPLIT (_slang_), with all one's might or speed; FULL'-SUMMED, complete in all its parts.--_n._ FULL'-SWING, the full extent or utmost limit.--_adj._ FULL'-WINGED (_Shak._), having perfect or strong wings.--_adv._ FULL'Y, completely: entirely.--FULL BACK (_football_), see BACK.--AT THE FULL, at the height, as of one's good fortune, &c.; IN FULL, without reduction; IN THE FULLNESS OF TIME, at the proper or destined time.--TO THE FULL, in full measure, completely. [A.S. _full_; Goth. _fulls_, Ice. _fullr_, Ger. _voll_.]

FULL, fool, _v.t._ to press or pound cloth in a mill: to scour and thicken in a mill.--_ns._ FULL'AGE, the charge for fulling cloth; FULL'ER, a bleacher or cleanser of cloth; FULLER'S-EARTH, a soft earth or clay, capable of absorbing grease, used in fulling or bleaching cloth; FULLER'S-THISTLE, -WEED, the teasel; FULL'ERY, the place or works where fulling of cloth is carried on; FULL'ING-MILL, a mill in which woollen cloth is fulled. [O. Fr. _fuler_--Low L. _full[=a]re_--L. _fullo_, a cloth-fuller.]

FULLER, fool'er, _n._ a half-round set-hammer.

FULMAR, ful'mar, _n._ a species of petrel inhabiting the Shetland Isles, &c., valuable for its down, feathers, and oil. [Perh. Norse _fúll_, foul.]

FULMINATE, ful'min-[=a]t, _v.i._ to thunder or make a loud noise: to issue decrees with violence, or with menaces of grave censure.--_v.t._ to cause to explode: to send forth, as a denunciation--(_Milt._) FUL'MINE.--_n._ a compound of fulminic acid with mercury, &c.--_adj._ FUL'MINANT, fulminating: (_path._) developing suddenly.--_n._ a thunderbolt, explosive.--_adj._ FUL'MINATING, crackling, exploding, detonating.--_n._ FULMIN[=A]'TION, act of fulminating, thundering, or issuing forth: a chemical explosion: a denunciation.--_adjs._ FUL'MINATORY; FULMIN'EOUS, FUL'MINOUS, pertaining to thunder and lightning; FULMIN'IC, pertaining to an acid used in preparing explosive compounds. [L. _fulmin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_fulmen_ (for _fulgimen_), lightning--_fulg[=e]re_, to shine.]

FULSOME, fool'sum, _adj._ cloying or causing surfeit: nauseous: offensive: gross: disgustingly fawning.--_adj._ FUL'SOMELY.--_n._ FUL'SOMENESS. [A.S. _full_, full, and affix _-some_.]

FULVOUS, ful'vus, _adj._ deep or dull yellow: tawny.--Also FUL'VID. [L. _fulvus_, tawny.]

FUM, fum, _n._ a fabulous Chinese bird, one of the symbols of imperial dignity.--Also FUNG.

FUMACIOUS, f[=u]-m[=a]'shi-us, _adj._ smoky: fond of smoking.

FUMADO, f[=u]-m[=a]'do, _n._ a smoked fish, esp. a pilchard. [Sp.,--L. _fum[=a]re_, to smoke.]

FUMAGE, f[=u]m'[=a]j, _n._ hearth-money.

FUMAROLE, f[=u]m'a-r[=o]l, _n._ a smoke-hole in a volcano or sulphur-mine. [Fr. _fumerole_--L. _fumus_, smoke.]

FUMBLE, fum'bl, _v.i._ to grope about awkwardly: to handle awkwardly: to stammer in speech: to find by groping.--_v.t._ to manage awkwardly.--_n._ FUM'BLER.--_adv._ FUM'BLINGLY. [Dut. _fommelen_, to fumble; cf. Dan. _famle_, Ice. _fâlma_, to grope about.]

FUME, f[=u]m, _n._ smoke or vapour: any volatile matter: heat of mind, rage, a passionate person: anything unsubstantial, vain conceit.--_v.i._ to smoke: to throw off vapour: to be in a rage: to offer incense to.--_n._ FUM'ATORY, a place for smoking or fumigation.--_adjs._ F[=U]'MID, smoky; FUMIF'EROUS, producing fumes.--_n._ FUMOS'ITY, quality of being fumous: (_pl._) the fumes arising from over eating or drinking.--_adjs._ FUM'OUS, FUMOSE', FUM'Y, producing fumes. [O. Fr. _fum_--L. _fumus_, smoke.]

FUMET, f[=u]'met, _n._ the dung of deer, hares, &c. [O. Fr. _fumets_, _fumer_--L. _fim[=a]re_, to dung.]

FUMETTE, f[=u]-met', _n._ the scent of game when high.--Also FUMET'. [Fr.]

FUMIGATE, f[=u]m'i-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to expose to smoke or gas, to expose to fumes, as of sulphur, for purposes of disinfecting: to perfume.--_ns._ FUMIG[=A]'TION, act of fumigating or of applying purifying smoke, &c., to; FUM'IGATOR, a brazier for burning disinfectants, &c.--_adj._ FUM'IGATORY. [L. _fumig[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_.]

FUMITORY, f[=u]m'i-to-ri, _n._ a plant of a disagreeable smell.--_n._ FUM'ITER (_Shak._). [O. Fr. _fume-terre_, earth-smoke--L. _fumus_, smoke, _terra_, earth.]

FUMMEL. Same as FUNNEL.

FUN, fun, _n._ merriment: sport.--BE GREAT FUN, to be very amusing; IN FUN, in joke, not seriously; LIKE FUN (_coll._), in a rapid manner; NOT TO SEE THE FUN OF, not to take as a joke. [Prob. a form of obs. _fon_, to befool. Skeat refers to Ir. _fonn_, delight.]

FUNAMBULATE, f[=u]-nam'b[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.i._ to walk on a rope.--_ns._ FUNAMBUL[=A]'TION; FUNAM'BULATOR, FUNAM'BULUS, FUNAM'BULIST, a rope-walker.--_adj._ FUNAM'BULATORY. [L. _funis_, a rope, _ambul[=a]re_, to walk.]

FUNCTION, fungk'shun, _n._ the doing of a thing: duty peculiar to any office: faculty, exercise of faculty: the peculiar office of any part of the body or mind: power: a solemn service: (_math._) a quantity so connected with another that any change in the one produces a corresponding change in the other: the technical term in physiology for the vital activity of organ, tissue, or cell.--_adj._ FUNC'TIONAL, pertaining to or performed by functions--opp. to _Organic_ or _Structural_.--_vs.t._ FUNC'TIONALISE, FUNC'TIONATE.--_adv._ FUNC'TIONALLY.--_n._ FUNC'TIONARY, one who discharges any duty: one who holds an office.--_adj._ FUNC'TIONLESS, having no function. [O. Fr.,--L. _function-em_--_fungi_, _functus_, to perform.]

FUND, fund, _n._ a sum of money on which some enterprise is founded or expense supported: a supply or source of money: a store laid up: supply: (_pl._) permanent debts due by a government and paying interest.--_v.t._ to form a debt into a stock charged with interest: to place money in a fund.--_adj._ FUND'ABLE, capable of being converted into a fund or into bonds.--_p.adj._ FUND'ED, invested in public funds: existing in the form of bonds.--_n._ FUND'HOLD'ER, one who has money in the public funds.--_adj._ FUND'LESS, destitute of supplies or money. [Fr. _fond_--L. _fundus_, the bottom.]

FUNDAMENTAL, fun-da-ment'al, _adj._ essential, basal, primary: important.--_n._ that which serves as a groundwork: an essential.--_ns._ FUND'AMENT, the lower part or seat of the body; FUNDAMENTAL'ITY.--_adv._ FUNDAMENT'ALLY. [Fr.,--L. _fundamentum_, _fund[=a]re_, to found.]

FUNDUS, fun'dus, _n._ the bottom of anything: (_anat._) the rounded base of a hollow organ. [L.]

FUNERAL, f[=u]'n[.e]r-al, _n._ burial: the ceremony, &c., connected with burial.--_adj._ pertaining to or used at a burial.--_adjs._ FUN[=E]B'RIAL, FUN[=E]B'RAL, FUN[=E]B'RIOUS; F[=U]'NERARY, FUN[=E]R'EAL, pertaining to or suiting a funeral: dismal: mournful. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _funeralis_--L. _funus_, _fun[)e]ris_, a funeral procession.]

FUNEST, f[=u]-nest', _adj._ causing or portending death, lamentable. [Fr.,--L. _funestus_, destructive.]

FUNGIBLES, fun'ji-blz, _n.pl._ (_law_) movable effects which perish by being used, and which are estimated by weight, number, and measure. [Low L. _fungibilis_--L. _fungi_, to perform. See FUNCTION.]

FUNGUS, fung'gus, _n._ one of the lowest of the great groups of cellular cryptogams, including mushrooms, toadstools, mould, &c.: proud-flesh formed on wounds:--_pl._ FUNGI (fun'j[=i]), or FUNGUSES (fung'gus-ez).--_adjs._ FUNG'AL, FUNG[=A]'CEOUS, like a fungus; FUN'GIC ('jik), FUN'GIFORM, having the form of a fungus; FUNGIV'OROUS, feeding on mushrooms; FUNG'OID, resembling a mushroom.--_ns._ FUNGOL'OGIST, a student of fungi; FUNGOL'OGY, the science of fungi; FUNGOS'ITY, quality of being fungous.--_adj._ FUNG'OUS, of or like fungus: soft: spongy: growing suddenly: ephemeral. [L. _fungus_, a mushroom--Gr. _sphonggos_, _sponggos_, a sponge.]

FUNICLE, f[=u]'ni-kl, _n._ a small cord or ligature: a fibre.--_adj._ F[=U]NIC'[=U]LAR.--_n._ F[=U]NIC'[=U]LUS, the umbilical cord.--FUNICULAR RAILWAY, a cable-railway, esp. one ascending a hill. [L. _funiculus_, dim. of _funis_, a cord.]

FUNK, fungk, _n._ (_coll._) abject terror or fright.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ to shrink through fear: to shirk.--_adj._ FUNK'Y.

FUNK, fungk, _n._ touchwood: a spark. [Cf. Dut. _vonk_.]

FUNK, fungk, _v.t._ to stifle with smoke. [Ety. dub.]

FUNKIA, funk'i-a, _n._ a genus of _Liliaceæ_ allied to the day lilies, native to China. [From the German botanist, H. C. _Funck_, 1771-1839.]

FUNNEL, fun'el, _n._ a tube or passage for the escape of smoke, &c.: an instrument (smaller at one end than the other) for pouring fluids into bottles, &c.--_adj._ FUNN'ELLED, provided with a funnel.--_n._ FUNN'EL-NET, a net shaped like a funnel. [Prob. through Fr. from L. _infundibulum_--_fund[)e]re_, to pour.]

FUNNEL, fun'el, _n._ (_prov._) the offspring of a stallion and a she-ass.--Also FUMM'EL.

FUNNY, fun'i, _adj._ full of fun: droll: perplexing, odd.--_adv._ FUNN'ILY.--_ns._ FUNN'INESS, FUNN'IMENT.--FUNNY BONE, a popular name given to what is really the comparatively unprotected ulnar nerve, which, when struck by a blow, shoots a singular tingling sensation down the forearm to the fingers; FUNNY MAN, the clown in a circus.

FUNNY, fun'i, _n._ a light clinker-built pleasure-boat, with a pair of sculls.

FUR, fur, _n._ the short, fine hair of certain animals: their skins with the fur prepared for garments: rabbits, hares, as opposed to partridges, pheasants (feathers): (_Milt._) kind or class, from the idea of particular furs being worn by way of distinction: a fur-like coating on the tongue, the interior of boilers, &c.--_v.t._ to line with fur: to cover with morbid fur-like matter:--_pr.p._ fur'ring; _pa.p._ furred.--_adj._ FURRED, made of fur, provided with fur.--_ns._ FUR'RIER, a dealer in furs and fur goods; FUR'RIERY, furs in general: trade in furs; FUR'RING, fur trimmings: a coating on the tongue: strips of wood fastened on joists, &c., to make a level surface or provide an air-space: strips of wood nailed on a wall to carry lath.--_adj._ FUR'RY, consisting of, covered with, or dressed in fur. [O. Fr. _forre_, _fuerre_, sheath.]

FURACIOUS, f[=u]-r[=a]'shus, _adj._ thievish.--_ns._ FUR[=A]'CIOUSNESS, FURAC'ITY.

FURBELOW, fur'be-l[=o], _n._ the plaited border of a gown or petticoat, a flounce. [Fr., It., and Sp. _falbala_; of unknown origin. The word simulates an English form--_fur-below_.]

FURBISH, fur'bish, _v.t._ to purify or polish: to rub up until bright: to renovate. [O. Fr. _fourbiss-_, _fourbir_, from Old High Ger. _furban_, to purify.]

FURCATE, fur'k[=a]t, _adj._ forked: branching like the prongs of a fork--also FUR'CATED.--_ns._ FURC[=A]'TION, a forking or branching out; FUR'CIFER, a genus of South American deer with furcate antlers.--_adjs._ FURCIF'EROUS, of insects bearing a forked appendage; FUR'CIFORM, fork-shaped.--_n._ FUR'C[=U]LA, the united pair of clavicles of a bird, forming a single forked bone--the merry-thought.--_adj._ FUR'CULAR, furcate: shaped like a fork. [L., from _furca_, a fork.]

FURFUR, fur'fur, _n._ dandruff, scurf--also FUR'FAIR.--_adj._ FURF[=U]R[=A]'CEOUS, branny: scaly--also FUR'F[=U]ROUS.--_n._ FURF[=U]R[=A]'TION, the falling of scurf. [L.]

FURFUROL, fur'fur-ol, _n._ a volatile oil obtained when wheat-bran, sugar, or starch is acted on by dilute sulphuric acid. [L. _furfur_, bran.]

FURIOUS, f[=u]'ri-us, _adj._ full of fury: violent.--_adj._ F[=U]'RIBUND, raging.--_ns._ FURIOS'ITY, madness; FURI[=O]'SO, a furious person.--_adv._ F[=U]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ F[=U]'RIOUSNESS. [O. Fr. _furieus_--L. _furi[=o]sus_--_furia_, rage.]

FURL, furl, _v.t._ to draw or roll up, as a sail. [Contr. of obs. _furdle_, from _fardel_.]

FURLONG, fur'long, _n._ 40 poles: one-eighth of a mile. [A.S. _furlang_--_furh_, furrow, _lang_, long.]

FURLOUGH, fur'l[=o], _n._ leave of absence.--_v.t._ to grant leave of absence. [Dut. _verlof_; cf. Ger. _verlaub_.]

FURMENTY. See FRUMENTY.

FURNACE, fur'n[=a]s, _n._ an oven or enclosed fireplace for melting ores and other purposes: a time or place of grievous affliction or torment.--_v.t._ to exhale like a furnace: to subject to the heat of a furnace. [O. Fr. _fornais_--L. _fornax_--_fornus_, an oven.]

FURNIMENT, fur'ni-ment, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as FURNITURE.

FURNISH, fur'nish, _v.t._ to fit up or supply completely, or with what is necessary: to equip (_with_).--_adj._ FUR'NISHED, stocked with furniture.--_n._ FUR'NISHER.--_n.pl._ FUR'NISHINGS, fittings of any kind, esp. articles of furniture, &c., within a house: (_Shak._) any incidental part.--_n._ FUR'NISHMENT. [O. Fr. _furniss-_, _furnir_--Old High Ger. _frummjan_, to do.]

FURNITURE, fur'ni-t[=u]r, _n._ movables, either for use or ornament, with which a house is equipped: equipage, the trappings of a horse, &c.: decorations: the necessary appendages in some arts, &c.: (_print._) the pieces of wood or metal put round pages of type to make proper margins and fill the spaces between the pages and the chase. [Fr. _fourniture_.]

FUROR, f[=u]'ror, _n._ fury: excitement, enthusiasm.--Also FUR[=O]'RE. [L.]

FURROW, fur'[=o], _n._ the trench made by a plough: any groove: a wrinkle on the face.--_v.t._ to form furrows in: to groove: to wrinkle.--_n._ FURR'OW-WEED (_Shak._), a weed on ploughed land.---_adj._ FURR'OWY. [A.S. _furh_; cf. Ger. _furche_, L. _porca_.]

FURTHER, fur'th[.e]r, _adv._ to a greater distance or degree: in addition.--_adj._ more distant: additional.--_adv._ FUR'THERMORE, in addition to what has been said, moreover, besides.--_adjs._ FUR'THERMOST, most remote; FUR'THERSOME, tending to further or promote.--_adv._ FUR'THEST, at the greatest distance.--_adj._ most distant.--WISH ONE FURTHER, to wish one somewhere else than here and now. [A.S. _furðor_, a comp. of _fore_, with comp. suff.]

FURTHER, fur'_th_[.e]r, _v.t._ to help forward, promote.--_ns._ FUR'THERANCE, a helping forward; FUR'THERER, a promoter, advancer.--_adj._ FUR'THERSOME, helpful. [A.S. _fyrðran_.]

FURTIVE, fur'tiv, _adj._ stealthy: secret.--_adv._ FUR'TIVELY. [Fr.,--L. _furtivus_--_fur_, a thief.]

FURUNCLE, f[=u]'rung-kl, _n._ an inflammatory tumour.--_adjs._ FURUN'CULAR, FURUN'CULOUS. [L. _furunculus_.]

FURY, f[=u]'ri, _n._ rage: violent passion: madness: (_myth._) one of the three goddesses of fate and vengeance, the Erinyes, or euphemistically Eumenides--Tisiphone, Alecto, and Megæra--hence a passionate, violent woman. [Fr. _furie_--L. _furia_--_fur[)e]re_, to be angry.]

FURZE, furz, _n._ the whin or gorse, a prickly evergreen bush with beautiful yellow flowers.--_adjs._ FURZ'Y, FURZ'EN, overgrown with furze. [A.S. _fyrs_.]

FUSAROLE, f[=u]'sa-r[=o]l, _n._ (_archit._) an astragal.--Also F[=U]'SAROL. [Fr.,--L. _fusus_, spindle.]

FUSCOUS, fus'kus, _adj._ brown: dingy--(_Charles Lamb_) FUSC. [L. _fuscus_, akin to _furvus_.]

FUSE, f[=u]z, _v.t._ to melt: to liquefy by heat.--_v.i._ to be melted: to be reduced to a liquid.--_n._ FUSIBIL'ITY.--adjs. F[=U]'SIBLE, that may be fused or melted--(_Milt._) F[=U]'SILE, F[=U]'SIL.--_ns._ F[=U]'SING-POINT, the temperature at which any solid substance becomes liquid; F[=U]'SION, act of melting: the state of fluidity from heat: a close union of things, as if melted together.--AQUEOUS FUSION, the melting of certain crystals by heat in their own water of crystallisation; DRY FUSION, the liquefaction produced in salts by heat after the water of crystallisation has been expelled; IGNEOUS FUSION, the melting of anhydrous salts by heat without decomposition. [L. _fund[)e]re_, _fusum_, to melt.]

FUSE, f[=u]z, _n._ a tube filled with combustible matter for firing mines, discharging shells, &c. [It. _fuso_--L. _fusus_, a spindle.]

FUSEE, FUZEE, f[=u]-z[=e]', _n._ the spindle in a watch or clock on which the chain is wound: a match used for lighting a pipe or cigar in the open air: a fuse: a fusil.--_adj._ F[=U]'SIFORM, spindle-shaped: tapering at each end. [O. Fr. _fusée_, a spindleful--Low L. _fusata_--L. _fusus_, a spindle.]

FUSEL-OIL, f[=u]'zel-oil, _n._ a nauseous oil in spirits distilled from potatoes, barley, &c. [Ger. _fusel_, bad spirits.]

FUSIL, f[=u]'zil, _n._ a flint-lock musket. [O. Fr. _fuisil_, a flint-musket, same as It. _focile_--Low L. _focile_, steel (to strike fire with), dim. of L. _focus_, a fireplace.]

FUSIL, f[=u]'zil, _n._ (_her._) an elongated rhomboidal figure. [O. Fr. _fusel_--L. _fusus_, a spindle.]

FUSILIER, FUSILEER, f[=u]-zil-[=e]r', _n._ formerly a soldier armed with a fusil, now simply a historical title borne by a few regiments of the British army (Northumberland, Royal Scots, &c.).

FUSILLADE, f[=u]z'il-[=a]d, _n._ a simultaneous or continuous discharge of firearms.--_v.t._ to shoot down by a simultaneous discharge of firearms.--_n._ FUSILL[=A]'TION, death by shooting. [Fr.,--_fusil_, a musket.]

FUSS, fus, _n._ a bustle or tumult: haste, flurry.--_v.i._ to be in a bustle.--_adv._ FUSS'ILY.--_n._ FUSS'INESS, a needless state of bustle.--adj. FUSS'Y. [Imit.]

FUST, fust, _n._ the shaft of a column. [O. Fr. _fust_ (Fr. _fût_)--L. _fustis_, a stick.]

FUST, _v.i._ See FUSTY.

FUSTANELLE, fus-ta-nel', _n._ a white kilt worn by Greek men. [Mod. Gr. _phoustani_, Albanian _fustan_--It. _fustagno_, fustian.]

FUSTET, fus'tet, _n._ the smoke-tree or Venetian sumach, or its wood. [Fr.,--L. _fustis_, a stick.]

FUSTIAN, fust'yan, _n._ a kind of coarse, twilled cotton fabric, including moleskin, velveteen, corduroy, &c.: a pompous and unnatural style of writing or speaking: bombast: a liquor made of white wine with yolk of eggs, lemon, spices, &c.--adj. made of fustian: bombastic.--_v.i._ FUST'IANISE (_Holmes_), to write bombastically.--_n._ FUST'IANIST, one who writes bombast. [O. Fr. _fustaigne_ (Fr. _futaine_)--It. _fustagno_--Low L. _fustaneum_, from Ar. _Fostat_ (a suburb of Cairo) in Egypt, where first made.]

FUSTIC, fus'tik, _n._ the wood of a West Indian tree, formerly much used as a dye.--Also FUS'TOC. [Fr. _fustoc_, yellow--Sp. _fustoc_--L. _fustis_.]

FUSTIGATION, fus-ti-g[=a]'shun, _n._ a beating with a stick.--_v.t._ FUS'TIGATE, to thrash with a stick. [L. _fustig[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to beat with a stick--_fustis_, a stick.]

FUSTILARIAN, fus-ti-l[=a]'ri-an, _n._ (_Shak._) a low fellow, a scoundrel.--_n._ FUS'TILUGS (_prov._), a frowzy woman.

FUSTY, fust'i, _adj._ smelling of the wood of the cask, as wine: ill-smelling.--_v.i._ Fust (_Shak._) to grow or smell mouldy.--_adj._ Fust'ed, mouldy.--_n._ Fust'iness. [O. Fr. _fust_, wood of a cask--L. _fustis_.]

FUSUS, f[=u]'sus, _n._ a genus of Gasteropods, usually referred to the Murex family. [L.]

FUTCHEL, fuch'el, _n._ a piece of timber lengthwise of a carriage, supporting the splinter-bar and the pole.

FUTHORC, f[=u]'thork, _n._ the Runic alphabet. [From the first six letters, _f_, _u_, _þ_, _o_ or _a_, _r_, _k_.]

FUTILE, f[=u]'t[=i]l, _adj._ useless: unavailing: trifling.--_adv._ F[=U]'TILELY.--_ns._ FUTILIT[=A]'RIAN, one who gives himself to profitless pursuits; FUTIL'ITY, uselessness. [Fr.,--L. _futilis_--_fund[)e]re_, to pour.]

FUTTOCK, fut'uk, _n._ one of the separate pieces of timber composing the frame of a ship.--_ns. pl._ FUTT'OCK-PLATES, iron plates with dead-eyes, crossing the sides of the top-rim perpendicularly; FUTT'OCK-SHROUDS, short pieces of rope or chain which secure the lower dead-eyes and futtock-plates of topmast rigging to a band round a lower mast. [Perh. corrupted from _foot-hooks_.]

FUTURE, f[=u]t'[=u]r, _adj._ about to be: that is to come: (_gram._) expressing what will be.--_n._ time to come.--_n._ FUT'URE-PER'FECT (_gram._), a tense expressing action viewed as past in reference to an assumed future time (L. _amavero_=I shall have loved).--_v.i._ FUT'URISE, to form the future tense.--_ns._ FUT'URIST, one whose chief interests are in what is to come; FUTURITION (-ish'un), future existence: accomplishment; FUTUR'ITY, time to come: an event or state of being yet to come. [Fr.,--L. _futurus_, fut.p. of _esse_, to be.]

FUZE, f[=u]z, _n._ Same as FUSE.

FUZZ, fuz, _v.i._ to fly off in minute particles with a fizzing sound like water from hot iron.--_n._ fine light particles, as dust, down, &c.--_n._ FUZZ'BALL, a kind of fungus, whose head is full of a fine dust. [Ety. dub.]

FUZZLE, fuz'l, _v.t._ (_prov._) to intoxicate.

FUZZY, fuz'i, _adj._ covered with fuzz, fluffy.--_adv._ FUZZ'ILY.--_n._ FUZZ'INESS.

FY, f[=i], _interj._ Same as FIE.

FYKE, f[=i]k, _n._ a bag-net for catching fish. [Dut. _fuik_.]

FYLFOT, FILFOT, fil'fot, _n._ an ancient symbol in the form of a Greek cross, with each arm continued at right angles, called also _Gammadion_, _Gammation_, and _Svastika_. [Prob. _fill-foot_, meaning a device for filling the foot of a painted window.]

FYRD, fird, _n._ the military force of the whole nation, all males capable of bearing arms, in Anglo-Saxon times. [A.S. _fyrd_, army.]

FYTTE. See FIT (3).

* * * * *

G the seventh letter of our alphabet, and in the Roman not originally differentiated from C, but substituted there for the disused Z: (_mus._) the fifth note of the diatonic scale of C minor--also _sol_, the scale or key having that note for its tonic: (_nat. phil._) a symbol for acceleration of gravity, which is about 32 feet per second: in the medieval system of Roman numerals=400, or [=G]=400,000.

GAB, gab, _v.i._ (_coll._) to chatter, prate.--_n._ idle talk, prattling: a jest, a witticism: (_Scot._) the mouth.--_n._ GAB'BER, jabber.--_adj._ GAB'BY, garrulous.--GIFT OF THE GAB, a talent for talking.

GAB, gab, _v.i._ to brag. [O. Fr. _gabber_, to mock.]

GABBART, gab'ärt, _n._ a flat river vessel with a long hatchway.--Also GABB'ARD. [Fr. _gabare_--Prov. and It. _gabarra_.]

GABBATHA, gab'a-thä, _n._ the place where Pilate sat at the trial of Jesus, a tessellated pavement outside the prætorium. [Heb., 'platform.']

GABBLE, gab'l, _v.i._ to talk inarticulately: to chatter: to cackle like geese.--_ns._ GABB'LE; GABB'LER; GABB'LING, GABB'LEMENT. [Freq. of _gab_.]

GABBRO, gab'ro, _n._ a rock composed of feldspar and diallage--also _Euphotide_.--_n._ GABB'RONITE, a compact variety of scapolite, resembling gabbro. [It.]

GABELLE, gab-el', _n._ a tax, impost duty, formerly in France, esp. the tax on salt.--_n._ G[=A]'BELER. [Fr. _gabelle_--Low L. _gabella_, _gablum_--Teut.]

GABERDINE, gab-er-d[=e]n', _n._ a loose upper garment, formerly worn by Jews. [O. Fr. _gauvardine_; per. Mid. High Ger. _wallevart_, pilgrimage, whence also Sp. _gabardina_, &c.]

GABERLUNZIE, gab-er-lun'zi, -yi, _n._ (_Scot._) a pouch carried by Scottish beggars: a strolling beggar.

GABION, g[=a]'bi-un, _n._ (_fort._) a bottomless basket of wicker-work filled with earth, used for shelter from the enemy's fire while digging trenches, or in forming the foundation of a jetty.--_ns._ G[=A]'BIONADE, a work formed of gabions; G[=A]'BIONAGE, gabions collectively.--_adj._ G[=A]'BIONED, furnished with gabions. [Fr.,--It. _gabbione_, a large cage--_gabbia_--L. _cavea_, a cage.]

GABLE, g[=a]'bl, _n._ (_archit._) the triangular part of an exterior wall of a building between the top of the side-walls and the slopes on the roof--(_Scot._) G[=A]'VEL.--_adj._ G[=A]'BLED.--ns. G[=A]'BLE-END, the end-wall of a building on the side where there is a gable; G[=A]'BLET (_dim._), a small gable, as an ornament on buttresses, &c.; G[=A]'BLE-WIN'DOW, a window in the gable-end of a building, or a window with its upper part shaped like a gable. [The northern form _gavel_ is prob. Ice. _gafl_; Sw. _gafvel_, Dan. _gavl_. The southern form gable is prob. through O. Fr. _gable_, _jable_ from Ice. _gafl_.]

GABRIEL'S HOUNDS. See HOUND.

GABY, g[=a]'bi, _n._ a simpleton. [Hardly related to _gape_.]

GAD, gad, _n._ a pointed bar of steel: a tool used in mining: a graver: a rod or stick, a goad: the bar across a Scotch condemned cell, on which the iron ring ran which fastened the shackles--also GADE, GAID.--_n._ GAD'LING, one of the spikes on the knuckles of a gauntlet.--UPON THE GAD (_Shak._), upon the spur of the moment. [Ice. _gadd-r_, a spike.]

GAD, gad, _interj._ a minced form of God.--_interjs._ GAD'SO, an exclamation of surprise; GAD'ZOOKS, an obsolete minced oath.

GAD, gad, _v.i._ to rove about restlessly: to wander or ramble in speech, &c., to straggle in growth:--_pr.p._ gad'ding; _pa.p._ gad'ded.--_ns._ GAD, GAD'ABOUT, one who walks idly about; GAD'DER.--_adv._ GAD'DINGLY--_n._ GAD'DISHNESS. [Prob. conn. with _gad_ in _gadfly_; or obsolete _gadling_, vagabond.]

GADFLY, gad'fl[=i], _n._ a fly which pierces the skin of cattle in order to deposit its eggs: a mischievous gadabout. [From _gad_, n., _fly_.]

GADGE, gaj, _n._ an instrument of torture (_Browning_).

GADHELIC, gad-el'ik, _adj._ of or belonging to that branch of the Celtic race which comprises the Erse of Ireland, the Gaels of Scotland, and the Manx of the Isle of Man, as distinguished from the _Cymric_. [Ir. _Gaedheal_ (pl. _Gaedhil_), a Gael.]

GADOID, g[=a]'doid, _adj._ pertaining to the _Gadidæ_, or cod-fishes.--_n._ a fish of this family.--_n._ G[=A]'DEAN, a fish of this family.--_adj._ G[=A]'DINE.--_n._ G[=A]'DUS, the typical genus of the same. [Gr. _gados_.]

GADOLINITE, gad'[=o]-lin-[=i]t, _n._ a silicate of the yttrium and cerium metals, containing also beryllium and iron. [From the Finnish chemist _Gadolin_ (1760-1852).]

GADROON, gad-r[=oo]n', _n._ one of a set of convex curves or arcs joined at their extremities to form a decorative pattern--in plate, &c.--_adj._ GADROONED'.--_n._ GADROON'ING. [Fr. _godron_.]

GADSMAN, gadz'man, _n._ (_Scot._) one who drives horses at the plough. [_Gad_ and _man_.]

GADWALL, gad'wawl, _n._ a northern fresh-water duck.

GAE, g[=a], a Scotch form of _go_.

GAEL, g[=a]l, _n._ a Scotch Highlander.--_adj._ GAELIC (g[=a]l'ik), pertaining to the Gaels.--_n._ the Scottish-Highland dialect.--_v.t._ GAEL'ICISE.--_n._ GAEL'ICISM. [Gael. _Gaidheal_.]

GAFF, gaf, _n._ a hook used esp. for landing large fish after they have been hooked on the line and spent by the skill of the angler: (_naut._) the spar to which the head of a fore-and-aft sail is bent.--_v.t._ to hook or bind by means of a gaff.--_n._ GAFF'-TOP-SAIL, a small sail, the head of which is extended on a small gaff which hoists on the top-mast, and the foot on the lower gaff. [Fr. _gaffe_.]

GAFF, gaf, _n._ (_slang_) a low theatre: a fair.

GAFF, gaf, _v.i._ (_slang_) to gamble.--_ns._ GAFF'ER; GAFF'ING.

GAFFER, gaf'[.e]r, _n._ originally a word of respect applied to an old man, now familiar: the foreman of a squad of workmen. [Corr. of _godfather_, as _gammer_ of _godmother_.]

GAG, gag, _v.t._ to forcibly stop the mouth: to silence: to choke up: to introduce gag into a piece:--_pr.p._ gag'ging; _pa.p._ gagged.--_n._ something thrust into the mouth or put over it to enforce silence, or distend the jaws during an operation: the closure applied in a debate: a mouthful which produces nausea, the fat of fresh beef boiled: (_slang_) an actor's interpolation: a joke or hoax.--_n._ GAG'GER, one who gags. [Prob. imitative of sound made in choking.]

GAG, gag, _v.t._ (_slang_) to deceive.--v.i. to practise imposture.--n. a made-up story, lie: (_U.S._) a laughing-stock.

GAGE, g[=a]j, _n._ a pledge: something thrown down as a challenge, as a glove.--_v.t._ to bind by pledge or security: offer as a guarantee: to stake, wager. [O. Fr. _guage_, from Teut. See WED.]

GAGE. See GAUGE.

GAGE, g[=a]j, _n._ name applied to several varieties of plum. [See GREENGAGE.]

GAGGLE, gag'l, _n._ a flock of geese, or of women.--_v.i._ to cackle.--_n._ GAGG'LING, cackling.--_adj._ garrulous.

GAG-TOOTH, gag'-t[=oo]th, _n._ a projecting tooth.--_adj._ GAG'-TOOTHED.

GAIETY, GAILY. See GAY.

GAIKWAR, g[=i]k'war, _n._ name of the ruler of Baroda in India. [Marathi _g[=a]e_--Sans. _go_, a cow, bull.]

GAIN, g[=a]n, _v.t._ to obtain by effort: to earn: to be successful in: to draw to one's own party, bribe: to reach: to make advance: (_N. T._) to escape.--_n._ that which is gained: profit.--_adj._ GAIN'ABLE.--_n._ GAIN'ER.--_adj._ GAIN'FUL.--_adv._ GAIN'FULLY.--_n._ GAIN'FULNESS.--_n.pl._ GAIN'INGS.--_adj._ GAIN'LESS.--_n._ GAIN'LESSNESS.--GAIN GROUND (see GROUND); GAIN UPON, to overtake by degrees. [O. Fr. _gain_, _gaain_, _gaigner_, _gaaignier_, from Teut., as in _weidenen_, to graze, to seek forage, _weida_, pasture.]

GAIN, g[=a]n, _adj._ (_prov._) near, straight. [Ice. _gegn_.]

GAINGIVING, g[=a]n'giv-ing, _n._ (_Shak._) misgiving.

GAINLY, g[=a]n'li, _adj._ agile, handsome. See UNGAINLY.

GAINSAY, g[=a]n's[=a], _v.t._ to contradict: to deny: to dispute.--_ns._ GAIN'SAYER (_B._), an opposer; GAIN'SAYING.--_v.t._ GAIN'STRIVE (_Spens._), to strive against. [A.S. _gegn_, against, and _say_.]

GAINST, a poetic abbreviation of _against_.

GAIR, g[=a]r, _n._ (_Scot._) gore.

GAIRFOWL. See GAREFOWL.

GAIRISH. See GARISH.

GAIT, g[=a]t, _n._ way or manner of walking, step, pace.--_adj._ GAIT'ED, having a particular gait. [A special use of _gate_.]

GAIT, g[=a]t, _n._ (_prov._) a sheaf of corn: charge for pasturage.

GAITER, g[=a]t'[.e]r, _n._ a covering of cloth, &c., for the ankle, fitting down upon the shoe. [Fr. _guêtre_, _guietre_.]

GAL, gal, _n._ (_prov._) a girl.

GALA, g[=a]'la, _n._ festivity.--_n._ G[=A]'LA-DRESS, gay costume for a gala-day. [Fr. _gala_, show--It. _gala_, finery.]

GALACTIC, ga-lak'tik, _adj._ pertaining to or obtained from milk: (_astron._) pertaining to the Milky-Way.--_ns._ GALAC'TAGOGUE, a medicine which promotes the secretion of milk; GALAC'TIA, a morbid flow or deficiency of milk; GALAC'TIN, lactose; GALACTOM'ETER, an instrument for finding the quality of milk by indicating its specific gravity; GALACTOPH'AGIST, one who lives on milk.--_adjs._ GALACTOPH'AGOUS, living on milk; GALACTOPH'OROUS, milk-carrying; GALACTOPOIET'IC, milk-producing.--_n._ GALACTORRHOE'A, a too abundant flow of milk. [Gr. _gala_, _galaktos_, milk.]

GALAGE, an obs. form of _galosh_.

GALAGO, ga-l[=a]'go, _n._ a genus of large-eared, long-tailed African lemurs, arboreal and nocturnal in habit, living on fruit and insects.

GALANGAL. See GALINGALE.

GALANTINE, gal'an-t[=i]n, _n._ a dish of poultry or veal, boned, tied up tight, cooked, and served cold. [Fr.,--Low L. _galatina_ for _gelatina_, jelly. See GELATINE.]

GALANTY SHOW, gal-an'ti sh[=o], _n._ a shadow pantomime produced by throwing shadows of miniature figures on a wall or screen. [Prob. It. _galanti_, pl. of _galante_. See GALLANT.]

GALATIAN, ga-l[=a]'shi-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Galatia_ in Asia Minor--colonised by Gauls in the 3d century B.C.--_n._ a native of Galatia.

GALAXY, gal'ak-si, _n._ the Milky-Way, or the luminous band of stars stretching across the heavens: any splendid assemblage. [Through Fr. and L., from Gr. _galaxias_--_gala_, milk.]

GALBANUM, gal'ban-um, _n._ a resinous juice obtained from an Eastern plant, used in medicine and in the arts, and by the Jews in the preparation of the sacred incense.--Also GAL'BAN. [L.,--Gr. _chalban[=e]_, prob. an Eastern word.]

GALE, g[=a]l, _n._ a strong wind between a stiff breeze and a hurricane: (_coll._) a state of noisy excitement. [Prob. elliptical for _gale_ (or _gall_) _wind_. Mr Bradley disfavours the Scand. ety., which connects with Dan. _gal_, mad, Norw. _galen_, raging.]

GALE, g[=a]l, _n._ a shrub growing in marshy spots, usually called SWEET-GALE. [Prob. A.S. _gagel_; cf. Ger. _gagel_, a myrtle-bush.]

GALE, g[=a]l, _n._ a periodic payment of rent. [_Gavel._]

GALEATE, -D, g[=a]'le-[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ (_bot._, _ornith._, and _anat._) helmeted. [L. _gale[=a]tus_--_galea_, a helmet.]

GALENA, g[=a]-l[=e]'na, _n._ a mineral which is essentially a sulphide of lead--also GAL[=E]'NITE.--_adjs._ GAL[=E]'NIC, -AL, GAL[=E]'NOID. [L. _galena_, lead-ore.]

GALENIC, -AL, g[=a]-len'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to _Galen_, the 2d-cent. Greek physician, or to his methods and theories.--_ns._ G[=A]'LENISM; G[=A]'LENIST.

GALEOPITHECUS, g[=a]-li-o-pi-th[=e]'kus, _n._ a flying lemur.--_adjs._ GALEOPITH[=E]'CINE, GALEOPITH[=E]'COID.

GALILEAN, gal-i-l[=e]'an, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Galileo_, a great Italian mathematician (1564-1642).--GALILEAN LAW, the law of the uniform acceleration of falling bodies; GALILEAN TELESCOPE, a telescope with a concave lens for its eye-piece.

GALILEAN, gal-i-l[=e]'an, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Galilee_, one of the Roman divisions of Palestine.--_n._ a native of Galilee: a Christian.

GALILEE, gal'i-l[=e], _n._ (_archit._) a porch or chapel at the west end of some abbey churches, in which penitents were placed, and where ecclesiastics met women who had business with them.--GALILEE PORCH, a galilee which has direct communication with the exterior. [Prob. suggested from Mark, xvi. 7, 'He goeth before you into _Galilee_.']

GALIMATIAS, gal-i-m[=a]'shi-as, _n._ nonsense, gibberish: any confused mixture of unlike things. [Fr.]

GALINGALE, gal'in-g[=a]l, _n._ the aromatic root of certain E. Indian plants of genera _Alpinia_ and _Kæmpferia_, formerly much used in medicine and cookery: the tuber of _Cyperus longus_, of ancient medicinal repute: also the whole plant.--Also GALAN'GAL. [O. Fr. _galingal_--Ar. _khalanj[=a]n_--Chin. _ko-liang-kiang_--_Ko_, a Chinese province, _liang_, mild, and _kiang_, ginger.]

GALIONGEE, gal-yon-j[=e]', _n._ a Turkish sailor. [Turk. _q[=a]ly[=u]nj[=i]_, deriv. of _q[=a]ly[=u]n_--It. _galeone_, galleon.]

GALIPOT, gal'i-pot, _n._ the white resin which exudes from pine, yielding, when refined, white, yellow, or Burgundy pitch. [Fr.]

GALL, gawl, _n._ the greenish-yellow fluid secreted from the liver, called bile: bitterness: malignity.--_ns._ GALL-BLADD'ER, a pear-shaped bag lying on the under side of the liver, a reservoir for the bile; GALL'-STONE, a hard concretion in the gall-bladder or biliary ducts.--GALL AND WORMWOOD, anything extremely disagreeable and annoying.--IN THE GALL OF BITTERNESS, in a state of extreme hostility to God (Acts, viii. 23). [A.S. _gealla_, gall; cf. Ger. _galle_, Gr. _chol[=e]_, L. _fel_.]

GALL, gawl, _n._ a light nut-like ball which certain insects produce on the oak-tree, used in dyeing--also GALL'-NUT.--_v.t._ to fret or hurt the skin by rubbing: to annoy: to enrage.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to act in a galling manner.--_ns._ GALL'ATE, a salt of gallic acid; GALL'FLY, an insect which occasions gall on plants by puncturing.--_adj._ GALL'ING, irritating.--_adv._ GALL'INGLY.--GALLIC ACID, a crystalline substance obtained from gall-nuts, and used in making ink. [Fr. _galle_--L. _galla_, oak-apple.]

GALLANT, gal'ant, _adj._ brave: noble: (rare) gay, splendid, magnificent: courteous or attentive to ladies: amorous, erotic (sometimes gal-ant').--_n._ a gay, dashing person: a man of fashion: suitor, seducer.--_adv._ GALL'ANTLY.--_ns._ GALL'ANTNESS; GALL'ANTRY, bravery: intrepidity: attention or devotion to ladies, often in a bad sense, amorous intrigue: (_Shak._) gallants collectively. [Fr. _galant_--O. Fr. _gale_, a merrymaking; prob. Teut.]

GALLEASS, gal'e-as, _n._ (_Shak._) a vessel of the same construction as a galley, but larger and heavier.--Also GALL'IASS. [O. Fr. _galeace_--It. _galeaza_, augmented from, _galea_, galley.]

GALLEON, gal'i-un, _n._ a large Spanish vessel with lofty stem and stern, mostly used formerly for carrying treasure. [Sp. _galeon_. Cf. GALLEY.]

GALLERY, gal'[.e]r-i, _n._ a balcony surrounded by rails: a long passage: the upper floor of seats in a church or theatre: the persons occupying the gallery at a theatre: a room for the exhibition of works of art: (_fort._) a covered passage cut through the earth or masonry: a level or drive in a mine.--_adj._ GALL'ERIED, furnished with, or arranged like, a gallery.--PLAY TO THE GALLERY, to play so as to win the applause of the least intelligent amongst the spectators. [O. Fr. _galerie_ (It. _galleria_).]

GALLEY, gal'i, _n._ a long, low-built ship with one deck, propelled by oars: a state barge: the captain's boat on a war-ship: the place where the cooking is done on board ship: a kind of boat attached to a ship-of-war: (_print._) a flat oblong tray in which the compositor places the type he has set up.--_ns._ GALL'EY-PROOF, an impression taken from type on a galley; GALL'EY-SLAVE, one condemned for crime to work like a slave at the oar of a galley. [O. Fr. _galie_--Low L. _galea_.]

GALLIAMBIC, gal-i-am'bik, _adj._ constituting a _galliambus_, a verse consisting of four Ionics a minore ([uu--]), with variations and substitutions. [Used by the _Galli_, priests of the Phrygian goddess Cybele.]

GALLIARD, gal'yard, _adj._ (_arch._) brisk, lively.--_n._ a spirited dance for two, common in the 16th and 17th centuries: a gay fellow.--_n._ GALL'IARDISE, gaiety: a merry trick. [O. Fr. _gaillard_; cf. Sp. _gallardo_.]

GALLIC, gal'ik, _adj._ pertaining to _Gaul_ or France.--_adj._ GALL'ICAN, of or pertaining to France: esp. pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church in France.--_n._ one holding Gallican doctrines.--_n._ GALL'ICANISM, the spirit of nationalism within the French Church--as opposed to _Ultramontanism_, or the absolute subjection of everything to the personal authority of the pope.--_adv._ GALLICE (gal'i-s[=e]), in French.--_n._ GALL'ICISM, the use in English or any other language of a word or idiom peculiar to the French.--_vs.t._ GALL'IC[=I]ZE, GALL'IC[=I]SE, to make French in opinions, habits, &c. [L. _Gallicus_--_Gallia_, Gaul.]

GALLIGASKINS, gal-i-gas'kinz, _n.pl._ large open hose or trousers: leggings worn by sportsmen. [A corr. of O. Fr. _garguesque_--It. _Grechesco_, Greekish--L. _Græcus_, Greek.]

GALLIMAUFRY, gal-i-maw'fri, _n._ (_Shak._) any inconsistent or absurd medley: a medley of persons. [O. Fr. _galimafrée_, a ragout, hash.]

GALLINACEOUS, gal-in-[=a]'shus, _adj._ pertaining to the order of birds to which the domestic fowl, pheasant, &c. belong. [L. _gallina_, a hen--_gallus_, a cock.]

GALLINULE, gal'i-n[=u]l, _n._ a genus of aquatic birds closely allied to the coots, of which the common water-hen is a species. [L. _gallinula_, dim. of _gallina_, a hen.]

GALLIO, gal'i-o, _n._ a careless, easy-going man who keeps himself free from trouble and responsibility. [From the proconsul of Achaia in 53 A.D., Junius Annæus _Gallio_, who refused to listen to the Jewish clamour against Paul (Acts, xviii. 12-17).]

GALLIOT, GALIOT, gal'i-ot, _n._ a small galley: an old Dutch cargo-boat, also a bomb-ketch. [Fr. _galiote_--Low L. _galea_, galley.]

GALLIPOT, gal'i-pot, _n._ a small glazed pot for containing medicine. [Prob. _pottery_ such as was brought in _galleys_; not likely to be the Old Dut. _gleipot_, a glazed pot.]

GALLIUM, gal'i-um, _n._ a rare malleable metal, grayish-white, brilliant in lustre.

GALLIVANT, gal-i-vant', _v.i._ to spend time frivolously, esp. in flirting. [Perh. a variation of _gallant_.]

GALLIVAT, gal'i-vat, _n._ a large two-masted Malay boat.

GALLIWASP, gal'i-wasp, _n._ a West Indian lizard.

GALLIZE, gal'[=i]z, _v.t._ to treat unfermented grape-juice with water and sugar, so as to increase the quantity of wine produced. [From Dr L. _Gall_ of Treves.]

GALLOGLASS, gal'lo-glas, _n._ a soldier or armed retainer of a chief in ancient Ireland and other Celtic countries.--Also GAL'LOWGLASS. [Ir. _gallóglách_--Ir. _gall_, foreign, _óglách_, youth.]

GALLOMANIA, gal-o-m[=a]'ni-a, _n._ a mania for French ways.

GALLON, gal'un, _n._ the standard measure of capacity=4 quarts. [O. Fr. _galun_, _galon_, _jalon_; app. cog. with Fr. _jale_, a bowl.]

GALLOON, ga-l[=oo]n', _n._ a kind of lace: a narrow ribbon made of silk or worsted, or of both.--_adj._ GALLOONED', adorned with galloon. [Fr. _galon_, _galonner_; prob. cog. with _gallant_.]

GALLOP, gal'up, _v.i._ to move by leaps, as a horse: to ride a galloping horse: to move very fast.--_v.t._ to cause to gallop.--_n._ the pace at which a horse runs when the forefeet are lifted together and the hindfeet together: a ride at a gallop.--_n._ GALL'OPER, one who, or that which, gallops.--_part._ and _adj._ GALL'OPING, proceeding at a gallop: (_fig._) advancing rapidly, as in the phrase, 'a galloping consumption.'--CANTERBURY GALLOP, a moderate gallop of a horse (see CANTER). [O. Fr. _galop_, _galoper_; prob. Teut., related to _leap_. There is a Flemish and a Middle High Ger. _walop_ (n.). The root is seen in Old Fries. _walla_, to boil; cf. WELL (1).]

GALLOPADE, gal-up-[=a]d', _n._ a quick kind of dance--then, the music appropriate to it: a sidewise gallop.--_v.i._ to move briskly: to perform a gallopade. [Fr.]

GALLOVIDIAN, gal-o-vid'yan, _adj._ belonging to Galloway.--_n._ a native thereof.

GALLOW, gal'l[=o], _v.t._ (_Shak._) to frighten or terrify. [A.S. _a-g['æ]lwian_, to astonish.]

GALLOWAY, gal'o-w[=a], _n._ a small strong horse, 13-15 hands high, originally from _Galloway_ in Scotland: a breed of large black hornless cattle.

GALLOWS, gal'us, _n._ a wooden frame on which criminals are executed by hanging--a _pl._ used as a _sing._, and having (_Shak._) the double _pl._ 'gallowses' (used also _coll._ originally for a pair of braces for supporting the trousers): (_Shak._) a wretch who deserves the gallows: any contrivance with posts and cross-beam for suspending objects: a rest for the tympan of a hand printing-press: the main frame of a beam-engine.--_ns._ GALL'OWS-BIRD, a person who deserves hanging; GALL'OWS-BITTS, a frame fixed in a ship's deck to support spare spars.--_adj._ GALL'OWS-FREE, free from danger of hanging.--_n._ GALL'OWSNESS (_slang_), recklessness.--_adj._ GALL'OWS-RIPE, ready for the gallows.--_n._ GALL'OWS-TREE, a tree used as a gallows.--CHEAT THE GALLOWS, to escape hanging though deserving it. [M. E. _galwes_ (pl.)--A.S. _galga_; Ger. _galgen_.]

GALLY, gal'i, _v.i._ (_prov._) to scare, daze.--_ns._ GALL'Y-BEG'GAR, GALL'ICROW, GALL'YCROW, a scarecrow.

GALOOT, ga-l[=oo]t', _n._ (_U.S._) a recruit, a clumsy fellow.

GALOP, gal'op, _n._ a lively round dance of German origin: music for such a dance. [Fr.; cf. GALLOP.]

GALOPIN, gal'o-pin, _n._ (_Scot._) a kitchen boy. [O. Fr.,--_galoper_, to gallop.]

GALORE, ga-l[=o]r', _adv._ in abundance, plentifully.--_n._ abundance. [Ir. _go leór_, sufficiently--_go_, an adverbialising particle, _leór_, sufficient.]

GALOSH, ga-losh', _n._ a shoe or slipper worn over another in wet weather--also GALOCHE', GOLOSH'. [Fr. _galoche_--Gr. _kalopodion_, dim. of _kalopous_, a shoemaker's last--_k[=a]lon_, wood, _pous_, the foot.]

GALRAVAGE. See GILRAVAGE.

GALT. See GAULT.

GALUMPH, gal-umf', _v.i._ to march along boundingly and exultingly. [A coinage of Lewis Carroll.]

GALVANISM, gal'van-izm, _n._ a branch of the science of electricity which treats of electric currents produced by chemical agents.--_adj._ GALVAN'IC, belonging to or exhibiting galvanism.--_n._ GALVANIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ GAL'VAN[=I]SE, to subject to the action of a galvanic current: to confer a false vitality upon.--_ns._ GAL'VANIST, GAL'VAN[=I]SER; GALVAN'OGRAPH, a printing-surface resembling an engraved copper-plate, produced by an electrotype process from a drawing made with viscid ink on a silvered plate: an impression taken from such a plate; GALVANOG'RAPHY; GALVANOL'OGIST, a student of galvanology; GALVANOL'OGY, the science of galvanic phenomena; GALVANOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the strength of galvanic currents; GALVANOM'ETRY.--_adj._ GALVANOPLAS'TIC.--_ns._ GALVANOPLAS'TY, electrotypy; GALVAN'OSCOPE, an instrument for detecting the existence and direction of an electric current.--GALVANIC BATTERY, a series of zinc or copper plates susceptible of galvanic action; GALVANISED IRON, the name given to iron coated with zinc to prevent rusting. [From Luigi _Galvani_, of Bologna, the discoverer (1737-98).]

GALWEGIAN, gal-w[=e]'ji-an, _adj._ belonging to Galloway.--_n._ a native thereof.--Also GALLOW[=E]'GIAN.

GAM, gam, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to make a call on, to exchange courtesies with: to gather in a flock, as whales.--_n._ a school or herd of whales. [Prob. a corr. of _jam_.]

GAM, gam, _n._ (_Scot._) the mouth:--_pl._ tusks.

GAM, gam, _n._ (_slang_) a leg.

GAMA-GRASS, gä'ma-gräs, _n._ a grass with very large culms, 4 to 7 feet high, grown in Mexico.

GAMASH, gam-ash', _n._ a kind of leggings or gaiters.

GAMB, gamb, _n._ a leg or shank: (_her._) a beast's whole foreleg=GAMB'A (_anat._), the metacarpus or metatarsus of ruminants, &c.: short for _viol da gamba_. [Low L. _gamba_, a leg. See GAMBOL.]

GAMBADO, gam-b[=a]'do, _n._ a leather covering for the legs to defend them from mud in riding: boots affixed to the saddle in place of stirrups. [It. _gamba_, the leg.]

GAMBADO, gam-b[=a]'do, _n._ a bound or spring of a horse: a fantastic movement, a caper. [Sp. _gambada_; cf. GAMBOL.]

GAMBESON, gam'be-son, _n._ an ancient coat for defence, worn under the habergeon, of leather, or of cloth stuffed and quilted.--Also GAM'BISON. [O. Fr.--Low L. _gambes[=o]n-em_; prob. Teut., as in _wambâ_, the belly.]

GAMBET, gam'bet, _n._ the redshank.

GAMBIER, gam'b[=e]r, _n._ an astringent substance prepared from the leaves of a shrub of the East Indies, and largely used in tanning and dyeing.--Also GAM'BIR. [Malayan.]

GAMBIST, gam'bist, _n._ a player on the gamba or _viol da gamba_.

GAMBIT, gam'bit, _n._ a mode of opening a game of chess by sacrificing a pawn early in the game for the purpose of making a powerful attack. [It. _gambetto_, a tripping up--_gamba_, leg.]

GAMBLE, gam'bl, _v.i._ to play for money in games of chance or skill: to engage in wild financial speculations.--_v.t._ to squander away.--_n._ a gambling transaction.--_ns._ GAM'BLER, one who gambles, esp. who makes it his business; GAM'BLING-HOUSE, a house kept for the accommodation of people who play at games of hazard for money. [For _gamm-le_ or _gam-le_, a freq. which has ousted M. E. _gamenen_--A.S. _gamenian_, to play at games--_gamen_, a game.]

GAMBOGE, gam-b[=o]j', or gam-b[=oo]j', _n._ a yellow gum-resin used as a pigment and in medicine.--_adjs._ GAMBOG'IAN, GAMBOG'IC. [From _Cambodia_, in Asia, whence brought about 1600.]

GAMBOL, gam'bol, _v.i._ to leap, skip: to frisk in sport:--_pr.p._ gam'bolling; _pa.p._ gam'bolled.--_n._ a skipping: playfulness. [Formerly _gambold_--O. Fr. _gambade_--It. _gambata_, a kick--Low L. _gamba_, leg.]

GAMBREL, gam'brel, _n._ the hock of a horse: a crooked stick used by butchers for suspending a carcass while dressing it.--GAMBREL ROOF, a curved or hipped roof. [O. Fr. _gamberel_; cf. Fr. _gambier_, a hooked stick; prob. Celt. _cam_, crooked.]

GAMBROON, gam-br[=oo]n', _n._ a twilled cloth of worsted and cotton, or linen. [Prob. _Gambroon_ in Persia.]

GAME, g[=a]m, _n._ sport of any kind: an exercise or contest for recreation or amusement, esp. athletic contests: the stake in a game: the manner of playing a game: the requisite number of points to be gained to win a game: jest, sport, trick, artifice: any object of pursuit or desire: (_Shak._) gallantry: the spoil of the chase: wild animals protected by law and hunted by sportsmen, the flesh of such--hares, pheasants, partridges, grouse, blackcock.--_adj._ of or belonging to such animals as are hunted as game: plucky, courageous: (_slang_) having the spirit to do something.--_v.i._ to gamble.--_ns._ GAME'-BAG, a bag for holding a sportsman's game, also the whole amount of game taken at one time; GAME'COCK, a cock trained to fight; GAME'KEEPER, one who has the care of game.--_n.pl._ GAME'-LAWS, laws relating to the protection of certain animals called game.--_adv._ GAMELY.--_ns._ GAME'NESS; GAME'-PRESERV'ER, one who preserves game on his property for his own sport or profit.--_adj._ GAME'SOME, playful.--_ns._ GAME'SOMENESS, sportiveness: merriment; GAME'STER, one viciously addicted to gambling: a gambler; GAME'-TEN'ANT, one who rents the privilege of shooting or fishing over a particular estate or district; GAM'ING, gambling; GAM'ING-HOUSE, a gambling-house, a hell; GAM'ING-T[=A]'BLE, a table used for gambling.--_adj._ GAM'Y, having the flavour of dead game kept till tainted: (_coll._) spirited, plucky.--BIG GAME, the larger animals hunted; DIE GAME, to keep up courage to the last; MAKE A GAME OF, to play with real energy or skill; MAKE GAME OF, to make sport of, to ridicule; RED GAME, the Scotch ptarmigan; ROUND GAME, a game, as at cards, in which the number of players is not fixed; THE GAME IS NOT WORTH THE CANDLE (see CANDLE); THE GAME IS UP, the game is started: the scheme has failed. [A.S. _gamen_, play; Ice. _gaman_, Dan. _gammen_.]

GAME, g[=a]m, _adj._ (_slang_) crooked, lame. [Most prob. not the Celt. _cam_, crooked.]

GAMIC, gam'ik, _adj._ having a sexual character, of an ovum--opp. to _Agamic_.--_ns._ GAMETE (gam-[=e]t'), a sexual protoplasmic body; GAMOGEN'ESIS, sexual reproduction.--_adjs._ GAMOPET'ALOUS (_bot._), having the petals united at the base; GAMOPHYL'LOUS, having cohering perianth leaves; GAMOSEP'ALOUS, having the sepals united. [Gr. _gamos_, marriage.]

GAMIN, gam'in, _n._ a street Arab, a precocious and mischievous imp of the pavement. [Fr.]

GAMMA, gam'a, _n._ the third letter of the Greek alphabet.--_ns._ GAMM[=A]D'ION, GAMM[=A]'TION (see FYLFOT).

GAMMER, gam'[.e]r, _n._ an old woman--the correlative of _gaffer_ (q.v.).

GAMMERSTANG, gam'er-stang, _n._ (_prov._) a tall, awkward person, esp. a woman: a wanton girl.

GAMMOCK, gam'ok, _n._ (_prov._) a frolic, fun.--_v.i._ to frolic, to lark.

GAMMON, gam'un, _n._ (mostly _coll._) a hoax: nonsense, humbug.--_v.t._ to hoax, impose upon.--_ns._ GAMM'ONER; GAMM'ONING. [A.S. _gamen_, a game.]

GAMMON, gam'un, _n._ the preserved thigh of a hog. [O. Fr. _gambon_--_gambe_, a leg.]

GAMMON, gam'un, _n._ (_naut._) the lashing of the bowsprit.--_v.t._ to lash the bowsprit with ropes.

GAMP, gamp, _n._ (_slang_) a large, clumsy, or untidily tied up umbrella.--_adj._ GAMP'ISH, bulging. [So called from Mrs Sarah _Gamp_, a tippling monthly nurse in Dickens's _Martin Chuzzlewit_.]

GAMUT, gam'ut, _n._ the musical scale: the whole extent of a thing. [So called from the Gr. _gamma_, which marked the last of the series of notes in the musical notation of Guido Aretinus, and L. _ut_, the beginning of an old hymn to St John ('Ut queant laxis') used in singing the scale.]

GANCH, ganch, _v.t._ to impale.--Also GAUNCH. [O. Fr. _gancher_--It. _gancio_, a hook.]

GANDER, gan'd[.e]r, _n._ the male of the goose: a simpleton: (_U.S._) a man living apart from his wife.--_ns._ GAN'DERCLEUGH, the place of abode of the hypothetical Jedediah Cleishbotham, editor of the _Tales of my Landlord_; GAN'DERISM; GAN'DER-PAR'TY, a social gathering of men only. [A.S. _gandra_, from ganra, with inserted _d_; Dut. and Low Ger. _gander_.]

GANESA, ga-n[=e]'sa, _n._ the elephant-headed Hindu god of foresight and prudence.

GANG, gang, _n._ a number of persons or animals associated for a certain purpose, usually in a bad sense: a number of labourers working together during the same hours: the range of pasture allowed to cattle: a set of tools, &c., used together for any kind of work.--_ns._ GANG'ER, GANGS'MAN, the foreman of a squad, as of plate-layers. [A.S. _gang_ (Dan. _gang_, Ger. _gang_, a going), _gangan_, to go.]

GANG, gang, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to go.--_n.pl._ GANG'-DAYS, the three days preceding Ascension Day or Holy Thursday.--_n._ GANG'ER, a walker: a fast-going horse. [A.S. _gangan_, to go.]

GANGLION, gang'gli-on, _n._ a tumour in the sheath of a tendon: an enlargement in the course of a nerve: any special centre of nervous action:--_pl._ GANG'LIA, GANG'LIONS.--_adjs._ GANG'LIAC, GANG'LIAL, GANGLION'IC, pertaining to a ganglion; GANG'LIATE, -D, provided with a ganglion or ganglia; GANG'LIFORM, GANG'LIOFORM, having the form of a ganglion; GANG'LIONARY, composed of ganglia.--_n._ GANG'LION-CELL (_anat._), a nerve-cell with nucleus and nucleones.--BASAL GANGLIA, ganglia situated at the bottom of the cerebrum. [Gr.]

GANGREL, gang'rel, _n._ and _adj._ a vagrant. [From _gang_--A.S. _gangan_, to go, walk.]

GANGRENE, gang'gr[=e]n, _n._ loss of vitality in some part of the body: the first stage in mortification.--_v.t._ to mortify.--_v.i._ to become putrid.--_v.i._ GANG'RENATE, to become mortified.--_adjs._ GANGRENES'CENT, becoming mortified; GANG'RENOUS, mortified. [L. _gangræna_--Gr. _gangraina_, _grainein_, to gnaw.]

GANG-SAW, gang-saw, _n._ an arrangement of saws set in one frame.

GANGUE, GANG, gang, _n._ in mining, the stony matrix in which metallic ores occur. [Fr.,--Ger. _gang_, a vein.]