Chapter XXI: Foreword: , f=or'wurd, n. a preface (12)

HYDROTELLURIC, h[=i]-dro-tel-l[=u]'rik, _adj._ pertaining to hydrogen and tellurium.

HYDRO-THERAPEUTICS, h[=i]-dro-ther-a-p[=u]'tiks, _n.pl._ remedial treatment of disease by water in various modes and forms--also HYDROTHER'APY.--_adj._ HYDROTHERAPEU'TIC.

HYDROTHERMAL, h[=i]-dro-ther'mal, _adj._ pertaining to, or produced by, action of heated or super-heated water, esp. in dissolving, transporting, and redepositing mineral matter.

HYDROTHORAX, h[=i]-dro-th[=o]'raks, _n._ a term applied to dropsical collections in the pleura. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _th[=o]rax_, chest.]

HYDROTROPISM, h[=i]-dro-trop'izm, _n._ the habit induced in a growing organ by the influence of moisture, of turning toward, or away from, the moisture.--_adj._ HYDROTROP'IC. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _tropos_, a turn.]

HYDROUS, h[=i]'drus, _adj._ watery, containing hydrogen.

HYDROXIDE, h[=i]-droks'[=i]d, _n._ a metallic or basic radical combined with one or more hydroxyl groups.--_n._ HYDROX'YL, a compound radical not yet isolated, but found in many chemical compounds.

HYDROZOA, h[=i]-dro-z[=o]'a, _n.pl._ (_sing._ HYDROZ[=O]'ON) one of the main divisions of the sub-kingdom _Coelenterata_, the other two being _Ctenophora_ and _Anthozoa_ or _Actinozoa_; they are chiefly marine organisms, soft and gelatinous, free or fixed, existing everywhere, endlessly varied in form and complexity of structure, including such great groups as _hydroids_, _acalephs_, _medusans_, jelly-fish, sea-blubbers, &c.--_adjs._ HYDROZ[=O]'AN, HYDROZ[=O]'IC. [Gr. _hyd[=o]r_, water, _z[=o]on_, an animal.]

HYDRURET. Same as HYDRID.

HYENA, h[=i]-[=e]'na, HYEN, h[=i]'en, _n._ (_Shak._) a hyæna.

HYETAL, h[=i]'e-tal, _adj._ rainy.--_n._ HY'ETOGRAPH, a chart showing the average rainfall of the earth or any of its divisions.--_adjs._ HYETOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_ns._ HYETOG'RAPHY; HYETOL'OGY; HYETOM'ETER; HYETOMET'ROGRAPH. [Gr. _hyetos_, rain.]

HYGEIAN, h[=i]-j[=e]'an, _adj._ relating to health and its preservation.--_ns._ HYGEIA (h[=i]-j[=e]'a), goddess of health, daughter of Æsculapius; HY'GI[=E]NE, HYGIEN'ICS, HY'GIENISM, the science which treats of the preservation of health.--_adj._ HYGIEN'IC.--_adv._ HYGIEN'ICALLY.--_n._ HY'GIENIST, one skilled in hygiene; HYGIOL'OGY, art of the preservation of health. [Gr. _hygieia_--_hygi[=e]s_, healthy.]

HYGRODEIK, h[=i]'gro-d[=i]k, _n._ a form of hygrometer in which the atmospheric humidity is indicated by an index controlled by the heights of a wet-bulb and a dry-bulb thermometer, supported on each side of a frame on which is described a scale. [Gr. _hygros_, wet, _deik-nynai_, to show.]

HYGROMETER, h[=i]-grom'et-[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the moisture in the atmosphere, or its relative humidity.--_n._ HYGROM'ETRY, the art of measuring the moisture in the atmosphere, and of bodies generally.--_adjs._ HYGROMET'RIC, -AL. [Gr. _hygros_, wet, _metron_, a measure.]

HYGROSCOPE, h[=i]'gro-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for indicating the humidity of the atmosphere.--_adjs._ HYGROSCOP'IC, -AL.--_ns._ HYGROSCOPIC'ITY; HYGROSTAT'ICS, the art of measuring degrees of moisture. [Gr. _hygros_, wet, _skopein_, to view.]

HYKSOS, hik'sos, _n._ the shepherd kings, apparently a Tartar race who overthrew the reigning dynasty of Lower Egypt about 2000 B.C., and reigned until overturned by the Egyptian rulers of Upper Egypt about 1700 B.C.

HYLEG, h[=i]'leg, _n._ the planet which rules at the hour of one's birth, in that sign of the zodiac immediately above the eastern horizon. [Ar.]

HYLISM, h[=i]'lizm, _n._ materialism--also HY'LICISM.--_ns._ HY'LICIST; HYLOGEN'ESIS, the origin of matter; HY'LOTHEISM, the doctrine that there is no God but matter and the universe.--_adjs._ HYLOZ[=O]'ICAL, HYLOZOIS'TIC.--_ns._ HYLOZ[=O]'ISM, the doctrine that all matter is endowed with life; HYLOZ[=O]'IST.

HYLOPATHISM, h[=i]-lop'a-thizm, _n._ the doctrine that matter is sentient.--_n._ HYLOP'ATHIST, one who maintains this. [Gr. _hyl[=e]_, matter, _pathos_, suffering.]

HYMEN, h[=i]'men, _n._ (_myth._) the god of marriage: marriage: a thin membrane partially closing the virginal vagina.--_adjs._ HYMEN[=E]'AL, HYMEN[=E]'AN.--_n._ HYM[=E]'NIUM, the fructifying surface in fungi. [L.,--Gr. _hym[=e]n_; cf. Gr. _hymnos_, a festive song.]

HYMENOPTERAL, h[=i]-men-op't[.e]r-al, _adj._ pertaining to the HYMENOP'TERA, an order of insects having four membranous wings.--Also HYMENOP'TEROUS. [Gr. _hym[=e]n_, a membrane, _pteron_, a wing.]

HYMENOTOMY, h[=i]-men-ot'o-mi, _n._ the cutting or dissection of membranes.

HYMN, him, _n._ a song of praise, a metrical formula of public worship.--_v.t._ to celebrate in song: to worship by hymns.--_v.i._ to sing in adoration.--_ns._ HYM'NAL, HYM'NARY, a hymn-book.--_adj._ HYM'NIC, relating to hymns.--_ns._ HYM'NODY, hymns collectively: hymnology; HYMNOG'RAPHER; HYMNOG'RAPHY, the art of writing hymns; HYMNOL'OGIST; HYMNOL'OGY, the study or composition of hymns. [Gr. _hymnos_.]

HYOID, h[=i]'oid, _adj._ having the form of the Greek letter upsilon ([Greek: u]), applied to a bone at the base of the tongue. [Gr. _hyoeid[=e]s_--the letter [Greek: u], and _eidos_, form.]

HYOSCYAMINE, h[=i]-[=o]-sk[=i]'a-m[=i]n, _n._ a very poisonous alkaloid found in the seeds of _Hyoscyamus niger_, or henbane. [Gr. _hyoskyamos_, henbane.]

HYP. See HIP (3).

HYPÆTHRAL, hip-[=e]'thral, _adj._ roofless, open to the sky.--_n._ HYPÆ'THRON, an open court. [Gr. _hypo_, beneath, _aith[=e]r_, air.]

HYPALGESIA, hip-al-j[=e]'si-a, _n._ diminished susceptibility to painful impressions--also HYPERAL'GIA.--_adj._ HYPERALG[=E]'SIC. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _algos_, pain.]

HYPALLAGE, hi-pal'a-j[=e], _n._ (_rhet._) a figure in which the relations of things in a sentence are mutually interchanged, but without obscuring the sense. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _hypallassein_, to interchange--_hypo_, under, _alassein_, to change.]

HYPERACUTE, h[=i]-per-a-k[=u]t', _adj._ excessively acute.--_n._ HYPERACUTE'NESS.

HYPERÆSTHESIA, h[=i]-per-es-th[=e]'si-a, _n._ (_path._) excessive sensibility.--_adj._ HYPERÆSTHET'IC.

HYPERBATON, h[=i]-per'ba-ton, _n._ (_rhet._) a figure by which words are transposed from their natural order.--_adj._ HYPERBAT'IC.--_adv._ HYPERBAT'ICALLY. [Gr.,--_hyperbainein_--_hyper_, beyond, _bainein_, to go.]

HYPERBOLA, h[=i]-per'bo-la, _n._ (_geom._) one of the conic sections or curves formed when the intersecting plane makes a greater angle with the base than the side of the cone makes.--_adjs._ HYPERBOL'IC, -AL.--_adv._ HYPERBOL'ICALLY.--_adjs._ HYPERBOL'IFORM; HYPER'BOLOID. [L.,--Gr. _hyperbol[=e]_, from _hyperballein_--_hyper_, beyond, _ballein_, to throw.]

HYPERBOLE, h[=i]-per'bo-le, _n._ a rhetorical figure which produces a vivid impression by representing things as much greater or less than they really are--not expecting to be taken literally: an obvious exaggeration.--_adjs._ HYPERBOL'IC, -AL.--_adv._ HYPERBOL'ICALLY.--_v.t._ HYPER'BOLISE, to represent hyperbolically.--_v.i._ to speak hyperbolically or with exaggeration.--_n._ HYPER'BOLISM. [A doublet of the above.]

HYPERBOREAN, h[=i]-per-b[=o]'r[=e]-an, _adj._ belonging to the extreme north.--_n._ an inhabitant of the extreme north. [Gr. _hyperboreos_--_hyper_, beyond, _Boreas_, the north wind.]

HYPERCATALECTIC, h[=i]-per-kat-a-lek'tik, _adj._ (_pros._) having an additional syllable or half-foot after the last complete dipody.--_n._ HYPERCATALEX'IS.

HYPERCRITIC, h[=i]-per-krit'ik, _n._ one who is over-critical.--_adjs._ HYPERCRIT'IC, -AL, over-critical.--_adv._ HYPERCRIT'ICALLY.--_v.t._ HYPERCRIT'ICISE, to criticise with too much nicety.--_n._ HYPERCRIT'ICISM.

HYPERDULIA, h[=i]-per-d[=u]-l[=i]'a, _n._ the special kind of worship paid by Roman Catholics to the Virgin Mary, being higher than that paid to other saints (_dulia_), and distinct from that paid to God alone (_latria_). [Gr. _hyper_, beyond, _douleia_, service.]

HYPEREMESIS, h[=i]-per-em'e-sis, _n._ excessive vomiting.--_adj._ HYPEREMET'IC. [Gr. _hyper_, over, _emesis_, vomiting.]

HYPEREMIA, HYPERÆMIA, h[=i]-per-[=e]'mi-a, _n._ an excessive accumulation of blood in any part of the body.--_adjs._ HYPEREM'IC, HYPERÆ'MIC. [Gr. _hyper_, over, _haima_, blood.]

HYPERESTHETIC, h[=i]-per-es-thet'ik, _adj._ morbidly sensitive.--Also HYPERESTH[=E]'SIC.

HYPERICUM, h[=i]-per'i-kum, _n._ a large genus of plants, of which St John's wort is a typical species. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _ereik[=e]_, heath.]

HYPERINOSIS, h[=i]-per-i-n[=o]'sis, _n._ excess of fibrin in the blood:--_opp._ to HYPINOSIS.--_adj._ HYPERINOT'IC.

HYPERION, h[=i]-p[=e]r'i-on, _n._ a Titan, son of Uranus and Ge, and father of Helios, Selene, and Eos: Helios himself, the incarnation of light and beauty.

HYPERMETRICAL, h[=i]-per-met'rik-al, _adj._ beyond or exceeding the ordinary metre of a line: having a syllable too much.--_n._ HYPER'METER.

HYPERMETROPIA, h[=i]-per-me-tr[=o]'pi-a, _n._ long-sightedness, the opposite of _Myopia_---also HYPEROP'IA.--_adj._ HYPERMETROP'IC. [Gr. _hyper_, beyond, _metron_, measure, _[=o]ps_, eye.]

HYPERORTHODOX, h[=i]-per-or'th[=o]-doks, _adj._ extremely orthodox--_n._ HYPEROR'THODOXY.

HYPERPHASIA, h[=i]-per-f[=a]'zi-a, _n._ (_path._) lack of control of the organs of speech.--_adj._ HYPERPH[=A]'SIC.

HYPERPHYSICAL, h[=i]-per-fiz'ik-al, _adj._ beyond physical laws: supernatural.

HYPERPLASIA, h[=i]-per-pl[=a]'si-a, _n._ (_path._) overgrowth of a part due to excessive multiplication of its cells.--_adjs._ HYPERPLAS'IC, HYPERPLAS'TIC. [Gr. _hyper_, over, _plasis_, a forming--_plassein_, to form.]

HYPERSARCOSIS, h[=i]-per-sar-k[=o]'sis, _n._ (_path._) proud or fungous flesh.--Also HYPERSARC[=O]'MA.

HYPERSENSITIVE, h[=i]-per-sen'si-tiv, _adj._ excessively sensitive.--_n._ HYPERSEN'SITIVENESS.

HYPERSTHENE, h[=i]-per-sth[=e]n', _n._ a rock-forming mineral which crystallises in orthorhombic forms, an anhydrous magnesian silicate, generally dark green or raven-black in colour.--_adj._ HYPERSTH[=E]'NIC.--_n._ HYPERSTH[=E]'NITE, a more or less coarsely crystalline igneous rock, allied to gabbro--an aggregate of labradorite (feldspar) and hypersthene, of plutonic origin. [Gr. _hyper_; above, _sthenos_, strength.]

HYPERSTHENIA, h[=i]-per-sth[=e]'ni-a, _n._ (_path._) a morbid condition marked by excessive excitement of all the vital phenomena.--_adj._ HYPERSTH[=E]'NIC. [Gr. _hyper_, above, _sthenos_, strength.]

HYPERTHESIS, h[=i]-per'the-sis, _n._ a transfer of a letter from its own to the syllable immediately before or after.--_adj._ HYPERTHET'IC. [Gr. _hyper_, over, _thesis_--_tithenai_, to put.]

HYPERTROPHY, h[=i]-per'tro-fi, _n._ over-nourishment: the state of an organ or part of the body when it grows too large from over-nourishment.--_adjs._ HYPERTROPH'IC, -AL, HYPER'TROPHIED, HYPER'TROPHOUS. [Gr. _hyper_, above, _troph[=e]_, nourishment.]

HYPHEN, h[=i]'fen, _n._ a short stroke (-) joining two syllables or words.--_adj._ HYPHEN'IC. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _hen_, one.]

HYPNOTISM, hip'no-tizm, _n._ a sleep-like condition induced by artificial means: a nervous sleep like the condition under mesmerism.--_n._ HYPNOGEN'ESIS, production of hypnotism--also HYPNOG'ENY.--_adj._ HYPNOGENET'IC.--_adv._ HYPNOGENET'ICALLY.--_adjs._ HYPNOGEN'IC, HYPNOT'IC, having the property of producing sleep; HYPNOG'ENOUS.--_ns._ HYPNOL'OGY, the sum of knowledge about sleep; HYPN[=O]'SIS, the production of sleep: the hypnotic state; HYPNOT'IC, a medicine that induces sleep; HYPNOTISABIL'ITY.--_adj._ HYP'NOTISABLE.--_n._ HYPNOTIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ HYP'NOT[=I]SE, to subject to hypnotism, to produce hypnotic sleep in any one.--_n._ HYP'NOT[=I]SER.--_adjs._ HYPNOTIS'TIC; HYP'NOTOID, like hypnotism. [Coined in 1843 from Gr. _hypnos_, sleep.]

HYPNUM, hip'num, _n._ the largest genus of mosses, order _Bryineæ_, having archegonia and capsules borne on special lateral branches.

HYPOBOLE, hip-pob'o-l[=e], _n._ (_rhet._) the mention in argument of things apparently damaging to one's side, with the successive refutation of each. [Gr.]

HYPOCAUST, hip'o-kawst, _n._ among the ancients, a vaulted chamber from which the heat of stoves was distributed to baths or rooms above: now applied to the fireplace of a stove or hothouse. [Gr. _hypokauston_--_hypo_, under, _kaiein_, to burn.]

HYPOCHONDRIA, hip-o-kon'dri-a, _n._ a nervous malady, often arising from indigestion, and tormenting the patient with imaginary fears--more correctly, HYPOCHONDR[=I]'ASIS--also HYPOCHONR[=I]'ACISM, HYPOCHONDR[=I]'ASIS, HYPOCHON'DRIASM.--_n._ HYPOCHON'DRIAC, one suffering from hypochondria--also HYPOCHON'DRIAST.--_adjs._ HYPOCHON'DRIAC, -AL, relating to or affected with hypochondria: melancholy.--_n._ HYPOCHON'DRIUM (_anat._), that region of the abdomen situated on either side, under the costal cartilages and short ribs. [L.,--Gr., from _hypo_, under, _chrondos_, a cartilage.]

HYPOCIST, h[=i]'po-sist, _n._ an inspissated juice from a parasitic plant of the cytinus family.

HYPOCRISY, hi-pok'ri-si, _n._ a feigning to be what one is not: concealment of true character. [Gr. _hypokrisis_--_hypokrinesthai_, to play on the stage, from _hypo_, under, _krinein_, to decide.]

HYPOCRITE, hip'o-krit, _n._ one who practises hypocrisy.--_adj._ HYPOCRIT'ICAL, practising hypocrisy.--_adv._ HYPOCRIT'ICALLY. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _hypokrit[=e]s_.]

HYPOCYCLOID, h[=i]-po-s[=i]'kloid, _n._ a curve generated by a point on the circumference of a circle which rolls on the inside of another circle.--_adj._ HYPOCYOLOID'AL.

HYPODERMIC, h[=i]-po-der'mik, _adj._ relating to the parts under the skin, subcutaneous, esp. of a method of injecting a drug in solution under the skin by means of a fine hollow needle to which a small syringe is attached--also HYPODER'MAL.--_n._ HYPODER'MA, the layer of colourless cells immediately beneath the epidermis of a leaf. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _derma_, the skin.]

HYPOGASTRIC, hip-o-gas'trik, _adj._ belonging to the lower part of the abdomen.--_ns._ HYPOGAS'TRIUM, the lower part of the belly; HYPOGAS'TROCELE, a hernia through the walls of the lower belly. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _gast[=e]r_, the belly.]

HYPOGENE, h[=i]'po-j[=e]n, _adj._ (_geol._) of or pertaining to rocks which have assumed their present structure under the surface, plutonic:--opp. to _Epigene_.--_adj._ HYPOG'ENOUS (_bot._), produced below the surface, of fungi growing on the under side of leaves:--opp. to _Epigenous_ and _Epiphyllous_. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _gen[=e]s_, produced.]

HYPOGEUM, h[=i]-po-j[=e]'um, _n._ the part of a building below the ground, any underground chamber.--_adjs._ HYPOG[=E]'AL, HYPOGÆ'AN, HYPOG[=E]'AN, subterranean. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _g[=e]_, the ground.]

HYPOGLOSSAL, h[=i]-po-glos'al, _adj._ situated under the tongue. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _gl[=o]ssa_, the tongue.]

HYPOGNATHOUS, h[=i]-pog'n[=a]-thus, _adj._ (_ornith._) having the under mandible longer than the upper, as the black skimmer.--_n._ HYPOG'NATHISM.

HYPOGYNOUS, h[=i]-poj'i-nus, _adj._ (_bot._) growing from beneath the ovary, said of certain parts of plants. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _gyn[=e]_, a woman.]

HYPONASTY, h[=i]'po-nas-ti, _n._ (_bot._) increased growth along the lower surface of an organ or part of a plant, causing the part to bend upward:--opp. to _Epinasty_.

HYPOPHOSPHITE, h[=i]-po-fos'f[=i]t, _n._ (_chem._) a salt obtained by the union of hypophosphorous acid with a salifiable base--also HYPOPHOS'PHATE.--_adjs._ HYPOPHOSPHOR'IC, HYPOPHOS'PHOROUS, containing less oxygen than phosphorous acid contains.

HYPOPHYSIS, h[=i]-pof'i-sis, _n._ the pituitary body of the brain: (_bot._) an inflated part of the pedicel under the capsule, in mosses; in flowering plants, a cell of the embryo producing the primary root and root-cap. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _phyein_, to grow.]

HYPOSTASIS, h[=i]-pos'ta-sis, _n._ a substance: the essence or real personal subsistence or substance of each of the three divisions of the Godhead.--_adjs._ HYPOSTAT'IC, -AL.--_adv._ HYPOSTAT'ICALLY.--_v.t._ HYPOS'TAT[=I]SE. [L.,--Gr. _hypostasis_--_hyphist[=e]mi_--_hypo_, under, _hist[=e]mi_, I make to stand.]

HYPOSTROPHE, h[=i]-pos'tro-fe, _n._ return of a disease, relapse: (_rhet._) use of insertion or parenthesis.

HYPOSTYLE, h[=i]'po-st[=i]l, _adj._ (_archit._) having the roof supported by pillars. [Gr. _hypo_, under, _stylos_, a pillar.]

HYPOSULPHUROUS, h[=i]-po-sul'fer-us, _adj._ next in a series below sulphurous.--Also HYPOSULPH[=U]'RIC.

HYPOTAXIS, h[=i]-po-tak'sis, _n._ (_gram._) dependent construction--opp. to _Parataxis_.--_adj._ HYPOTAC'TIC.

HYPOTENUSE, h[=i]-pot'en-[=u]s, or hip-, HYPOTHENUSE, h[=i]-poth'en-[=u]s, _n._ the side of a right-angled triangle opposite to the right angle. [Fr.,--Gr. _hypoteinousa_ (_gramm[=e]_), lit. (a line) 'which stretches under'--_hypo_, under, _teinein_, to stretch.]

HYPOTHEC, h[=i]-poth'ek, _n._ in Scotch law, a lien or security over goods in respect of a debt due by the owner of the goods.--ADJ. _Hypoth'ecary_, pertaining to hypothecation or mortgage.--_v.t._ HYPOTH'EC[=A]TE, to place or assign anything as security under an arrangement: to mortgage.--_ns._ HYPOTHEC[=A]'TION; HYPOTH'ECATOR. [Fr.,--L. _hypotheca_--Gr. _hypoth[=e]k[=e]_, a pledge.]

HYPOTHESIS, h[=i]-poth'e-sis, _n._ a supposition: a proposition assumed for the sake of argument: a theory to be proved or disproved by reference to facts: a provisional explanation of anything.--_v.i._ HYPOTH'ESIZE, to form hypotheses.--_adjs._ HYPOTHET'IC, -AL, belonging to a hypothesis: conditional.--_adv._ HYPOTHET'ICALLY. [Gr., _hypo_, under, _tithenai_, to place.]

HYPOTYPOSIS, h[=i]-po-ti-p[=o]'sis, _n._ (_rhet._) vivid description of a scene.

HYPOZOIC, h[=i]-po-z[=o]'ik, _adj._ (_geol._) below the limit of life: belonging to the HYPOZ[=O]'A.--_adj._ and _n._ HYPOZ[=O]'AN.

HYPSOMETRY, hip-som'e-tri, _n._ the art of measuring the heights of places on the earth's surface by means of the HYPSOM'ETER.--_adj._ HYPSOMET'RIC. [Gr. _hypsi_, on high, _metron_, a measure.]

HYPURAL, h[=i]-p[=u]'ral, _adj._ situated beneath the tail.

HYRAX, h[=i]'raks, _n._ a genus of mammals of obscure affinities, like rabbits in size and marmots in appearance, living among rocks in Africa and Syria--the _Cape Daman_, _Klippdass_, or _Rock-badger_; the _Shaphan_ (_Hyrax syriacus_) mistranslated 'cony' of Scripture; and the Abyssinian _Ashtok_.

HYSON, h[=i]'son, _n._ a very fine sort of green tea.--_n._ HY'SON-SKIN, the refuse of hyson tea. [Chinese.]

HYSSOP, his'up, _n._ an aromatic plant. [Fr.,--L. _hyssopum_--Gr. _hyss[=o]pos_--Heb. _[=e]z[=o]ph_.]

HYSTERANTHOUS, his-ter-an'thus, _adj._ (_bot._) having the leaves appearing after the flowers.

HYSTERESIS, his-te-r[=e]'sis, _n._ magnetic friction in dynamos, by which every reversal of magnetism in the iron causes dissipation of energy. [Gr. _hyster[=e]sis_, a deficiency--_hysteros_, later.]

HYSTERIC, -AL, his-ter'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to, of the nature of, or affected with hysterics or hysteria: like hysterics, fitfully and violently emotional.--_adv._ HYSTER'ICALLY.--_ns._ HYSTER'ICS, HYST[=E]R'IA, a nervous affection occurring typically in paroxysms of laughing and crying alternately, with a choking sensation in the throat, but often as a counterfeit of some organic disease.--_adjs._ HYS'TEROID, -AL, like hysteria.--_ns._ HYSTEROM[=A]N'IA, hysterical mania, often marked by erotic delusions and an excessive desire to attract attention; HYSTEROT'OMY, the operation of cutting into the uterus. [L. _hystericus_--Gr. _hysterikos_--_hystera_, the womb.]

HYSTERON-PROTERON, his'ter-on-prot'er-on, _n._ a figure of speech in which what should follow comes first: an inversion. [Gr., lit. 'the last first.']

HYTHE, h[=i]th, _n._ Same as HITHE.

* * * * *

I the ninth letter in the alphabet of western Europe, called _iota_ by the Greeks, from its Semitic name _yod_, in most European languages the sound that of the Latin long _i_, which we have in the words _machine_ and _marine._ The normal sound of _i_ in English is that heard in _bit_, _dip_, _sit_, which is the short Latin _i_.

I, [=i], _pron._ the nominative case singular of the first personal pronoun: the word used by a speaker or writer in mentioning himself: the object of self-consciousness, the ego. [M. E. _ich_--A.S. _ic_; Ger. _ich_, Ice. _ek_, L. _ego_, Gr. _eg[=o]_, Sans. _aham_.]

I, [=i], _adv._ same as AY.--I', a form of _in_.

IAMBUS, [=i]-am'bus, _n._ a metrical foot of two syllables, the first short and the second long, as in L. _f[)i]d[=e]s_; or the first unaccented and the second accented, as in _deduce_--also IAMB'.--_adj._ IAM'BIC, consisting of iambics.--_n._ iambus.--_adv._ IAM'BICALLY, in the manner of an iambic.--_v.i._ IAM'BISE, to satirise in iambic verse.--_n._ IAMBOG'RAPHER, a writer of iambics. [L.,--Gr. _iambos_, from _iaptein_, to assail, this metre being first used by writers of satire.]

IANTHINA, [=i]-an-th[=i]'na, _n._ a genus of gregarious, pelagic gasteropods, having a snail-like shell, but delicate, translucent, and blue in colour. [Gr. _ianthinos_--_ion_, a violet, _anthos_, a flower.]

IATRIC, -AL, [=i]-at'rik, -al, _adj._ relating to medicine or physicians.--_adj._ IATROCHEM'ICAL, pertaining to IATROCHEM'ISTRY, a system of applying chemistry to medicine introduced by Francis de la Boë of Leyden (1614-72).--_n._ IATROL'OGY, a treatise on medicine.

IBERIAN, [=i]-b[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ Spanish.--_n._ one of the primitive inhabitants of Spain, of whom some think the Basques a remnant. [L. _Iberia_, Spain.]

IBEX, [=i]'beks, _n._ a genus of goats, inhabiting the Alps and other mountainous regions. [L.]

IBIDEM, ib-[=i]'dem, _adv._ in the same place. [L.]

IBIS, [=i]'bis, _n._ a genus of wading birds related to the stork, one species of which was worshipped by the ancient Egyptians. [L.,--Gr.; an Egyptian word.]

ICARIAN, [=i]-k[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ belonging to, or like, Icarus. [L. _Icarius_--Gr. _Ikarios_--_Ikaros_, who fell into the sea on his flight from Crete, his waxen wings being melted by the sun.]

ICE, [=i]s, _n._ water congealed by freezing: concreted sugar, a frozen confection of sweetened cream or the juice of various fruits.--_v.t._ to cover with ice: to freeze: to cover with concreted sugar:--_pr.p._ ic'ing; _pa.p._ iced.--_ns._ ICE'-AGE (_geol._), the glacial epoch, its records included in the Pleistocene system, the chief relics morainic materials, boulder-clay or till, believed to have been formed under glacial ice; ICE'-AN'CHOR, an anchor with one arm for securing a vessel to an ice-floe; ICE'-BIRD, the little auk or sea-dove; ICE'BLINK, the peculiar appearance in the air reflected from distant masses of ice; ICE'BOAT, a boat used for forcing a passage through or being dragged over ice.--_adj._ ICE'-BOUND, bound, surrounded, or fixed in with ice.--_ns._ ICE'-BROOK, a frozen brook; ICE'-CREAM, ICED'-CREAM, cream sweetened or flavoured, and artificially frozen.--_adj._ ICED, covered with ice: encrusted with sugar.--_n._ ICE'-FALL, a glacier.--_n.pl._ ICE'-FEATH'ERS, peculiar feather-like forms assumed by ice at the summits of mountains.--_ns._ ICE'-FERN, the fern-like encrustation which is found on windows during frost; ICE'FIELD, a large field or sheet of ice; ICE'FLOAT, ICE'FLOE, a large mass of floating ice; ICE'FOOT, a belt of ice forming round the shores in Arctic regions--also ICE'-BELT, ICE'-LEDGE, ICE'-WALL; ICE'HOUSE, a house for preserving ice; ICE'-[=I]'SLAND, an island of floating ice; ICE'MAN, a man skilled in travelling upon ice: a dealer in ice: a man in attendance at any frozen pond where skating, &c., are going on; ICE'PACK, drifting ice packed together; ICE'-PAIL, a pail filled with ice for cooling bottles of wine; ICE'-PLANT, a plant whose leaves glisten in the sun as if covered with ice; ICE'-PLOUGH, an instrument for cutting grooves in ice to facilitate its removal; ICE'-SAW, a large saw for cutting through ice to free ships, &c.; ICE'-SPAR, a variety of feldspar remarkable for its transparent ice-like crystals; ICE'-WA'TER, water from melted ice: iced water.--_adv._ IC'ILY.--_ns._ IC'INESS; IC'ING, a covering of ice or concreted sugar.--_adjs._ IC'Y, composed of, abounding in, or like ice: frosty: cold: chilling: without warmth of affection; IC'Y-PEARLED (_Milt._), studded with pearls or spangles of ice.--BREAK THE ICE (see BREAK). [A.S. _is_; Ger. _eis_, Ice., Dan. _is_.]

ICEBERG, [=i]s'b[.e]rg, _n._ a mountain or huge mass of floating ice. [From Scand., Norw., and Sw. _isberg_. See _ice_ and _berg_=mountain.]

ICELANDER, [=i]s'land-[.e]r, _n._ a native of _Iceland_.--_n._ ICE'LAND-DOG, a shaggy white dog, sharp-eared, imported from Iceland.--_adj._ ICELAND'IC, relating to Iceland.--_n._ the language of the Icelanders.--_ns._ ICE'LAND-MOSS, a lichen found in Iceland, Norway, &c., valuable as a medicine and for food; ICE'LAND-SPAR, a transparent variety of calcite or calcium carbonate.

ICHNEUMON, ik-n[=u]'mun, _n._ a small carnivorous animal in Egypt, destroying crocodiles' eggs: an insect which lays its eggs on the larva of other insects. [L.,--Gr., _ichneuein_, to hunt after--_ichnos_, a track.]

ICHNITE, ik'n[=i]t, _n._ a fossil footprint. [Gr. _ichnos_.]

ICHNOGRAPHY, ik-nog'raf-i, _n._ a tracing out: (_archit._) a ground-plan of a work or building.--_adjs._ ICHNOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ ICHNOGRAPH'ICALLY. [Gr. _ichnographia_--_ichnos_, a track, _graphein_, to grave.]

ICHNOLITE, ik'no-l[=i]t, _n._ a stone retaining the impression of an extinct animal's footprint. [Gr. _ichnos_, a footprint, _lithos_, a stone.]

ICHNOLOGY, ik-nol'o-ji, _n._ footprint lore: the science of fossil footprints.--Also ICHNOLITHOL'OGY. [Gr. _ichnos_, a track, a footprint, _logia_, discourse.]

ICHOR, [=i]'kor, _n._ (_myth._) the ethereal juice in the veins of the gods: a watery humour: colourless matter from an ulcer.--_adj._ I'CHOROUS. [Gr. _ich[=o]r_.]

ICHTHINE, ik'thin, _n._ an albuminous substance found in fishes' eggs. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish.]

ICHTHYODORULITE, ik'thi-[=o]-dor'[=oo]-l[=i]t, _n._ the name given to fossil fish-spines in stratified rocks. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _doru_, a spear, _lithos_, a stone.]

ICHTHYOGRAPHY, ik-thi-og'ra-fi, _n._ a description of fishes. [Gr. _ickthys_, a fish, _graphein_, to write.]

ICHTHYOID, -AL, ik'thi-oid, -al, _adj._ having the form or characteristics of a fish--also ICH'THYIC.--_n._ ICHTHYOCOL'LA, fish-glue, isinglass. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _eidos_, form.]

ICHTHYOLATRY, ik-thi-ol'a-tri, _n._ fish-worship.--_adj._ ICHTHYOL'ATROUS.

ICHTHYOLITE, ik'thi-[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a fossil fish. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _lithos_, a stone.]

ICHTHYOLOGY, ik-thi-ol'o-ji, _n._ the branch of natural history that treats of fishes.--_adj._ ICHTHYOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ ICHTHYOL'OGIST, one skilled in ichthyology. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _logia_, discourse.]

ICHTHYOPHAGY, ik-thi-of'a-ji, _n._ the practice of eating fish.--_n._ ICHTHYOPH'AGIST.--_adj._ ICHTHYOPH'AGOUS. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _phagein_, to eat.]

ICHTHYOPSIDA, ik-thi-op'si-da, _n.pl._ one of three primary groups of vertebrates in Huxley's classification (the other two, _Sauropsida_ and _Mammalia_), comprising the amphibians or batrachians and the fish and fish-like vertebrates. [Gr. _ichthys_, fish, _opsis_, appearance.]

ICHTHYORNIS, ik-thi-or'nis, _n._ a fossil bird with vertebræ like those of fishes, and with teeth set in sockets. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _ornis_, a bird.]

ICHTHYOSAURIA, ik-thi-o-sawr'i-a, _n._ an order of gigantic extinct marine reptiles, uniting some of the characteristics of the Saurians with those of fishes.--_adj._ ICHTHYOSAUR'IAN.--_n._ ICH'THYOSAURUS. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish, _sauros_, a lizard.]

ICHTHYOSIS, ik-thi-[=o]'sis, _n._ a disease in which the skin becomes hardened, thickened, rough, and almost horny in severe cases.--_adj._ ICHTHYOT'IC. [Gr. _ichthys_, a fish.]

ICTHYOTOMY, ik-thi-ot'o-mi, _n._ the anatomy of fishes.--_n._ ICHTHYOT'OMIST.

ICHTHYS, ik'this, _n._ an emblem or motto ([Greek: ICHTHYS]) supposed to have a mystical connection with Jesus Christ, being the first letters of the Greek words meaning 'Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour.'

ICICLE, [=i]s'i-kl, _n._ a hanging point of ice formed by the freezing of dropping water. [A.S. _ísgicel_, for _isesgicel_; _ises_ being the gen. of _ís_, ice, and _gicel_, an icicle; cf. Ice. _jökull_.]

ICON, [=i]'kon, _n._ a figure, esp. in the Greek Church, representing Christ, or a saint, in painting, mosaic, &c.--_adj._ ICON'IC.--_n._ ICONOG'RAPHY, the art of illustration.--_adj._ ICONOMAT'IC, expressing ideas by means of pictured objects.--_ns._ ICONOMAT'ICISM; ICONOPH'ILISM, a taste for pictures, &c.; ICONOPH'ILIST, a connoisseur of pictures, &c.; ICONOS'TASIS, a wooden wall which in Byzantine churches separates the choir from the nave--the icons are placed on it. [L.,--Gr. _eik[=o]n_, an image.]

ICONOCLASM, [=i]-kon'o-klazm, _n._ act of breaking images.--_n._ ICON'OCLAST, a breaker of images, one opposed to idol-worship, esp. those at the commencement in the Eastern Church, who from the 8th century downwards opposed the use of sacred images, or at least the paying of religious honour to such: any hot antagonist of the beliefs of others.--_adj._ ICONOCLAST'IC, pertaining to iconoclasm. [Gr. _eik[=o]n_, an image, _klast[=e]s_, a breaker--_klan_, to break.]

ICONOLOGY, [=i]-kon-ol'o-ji, _n._ the doctrine of images, especially with reference to worship.--_ns._ ICONOL'ATER, an image-worshipper; ICONOL'ATRY, the worship of images; ICONOL'OGIST; ICONOM'ACHIST, one opposed to the cultus of icons; ICONOM'ACHY, opposition to the same. [Gr. _eik[=o]n_, an image, _logia_, discourse.]

ICOSAHEDRON, [=i]-kos-a-h[=e]'dron, _n._ (_geom._) a solid having twenty equal sides or faces.--_adj._ ICOSAH[=E]'DRAL. [Gr. _eikosi_, twenty, _hedra_, base.]

ICOSANDRIA, [=i]-ko-san'dri-a, _n._ a class of plants having not less than twenty stamens in the calyx.--_adjs._ ICOSAN'DRIAN, ICOSAN'DROUS. [Gr. _eikosi_, twenty, an[=e]r, _andros_, a male.]

ICTERUS, ik'te-rus, _n._ the jaundice: a yellowish appearance in plants.--_adjs._ ICTER'IC, -AL, affected with jaundice; IC'TERINE, yellow, or marked with yellow, as a bird; ICTERIT'IOUS, yellow. [Gr. _ikteros_, jaundice.]

ICTUS, ik'tus, _n._ a stroke: rhythmical or metrical stress.--_adj._ IC'TIC, abrupt. [L., 'a blow.']

I'D, [=i]d, contracted from _I would_, or _I had_.

IDALIAN, [=i]-d[=a]'li-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Idalia_, in Cyprus, or to Venus, to whom it was sacred.

IDEA, [=i]-d[=e]'a, _n._ an image of an external object formed by the mind: a notion, thought, any product of intellectual action--of memory and imagination: an archetype of the manifold varieties of existence in the universe, belonging to the supersensible world, where reality is found and where God is (_Platonic_); one of the three products of the reason (the Soul, the Universe, and God) transcending the conceptions of the understanding--_transcendental ideas_, in the functions of mind concerned with the unification of existence (_Kantian_); the ideal realised, the absolute truth of which everything that exists is the expression (_Hegelian_).--_adjs._ ID[=E]'AED, ID[=E]'A'D, provided with an idea or ideas; ID[=E]'AL, existing in idea: mental: existing in imagination only: the highest and best conceivable, the perfect, as opposed to the real, the imperfect.--_n._ the highest conception of anything.--_adj._ ID[=E]'ALESS.--_n._ IDEALIS[=A]'TION, act of forming an idea, or of raising to the highest conception.--_v.t._ ID[=E]'ALISE, to form an idea: to raise to the highest conception.--_v.i._ to form ideas.--_ns._ ID[=E]'AL[=I]SER; ID[=E]'ALISM, the doctrine that in external perceptions the objects immediately known are ideas, that all reality is in its nature psychical: any system that considers thought or the idea as the ground either of knowledge or existence: tendency towards the highest conceivable perfection, love for or search after the best and highest: the imaginative treatment of subjects; ID[=E]'ALIST, one who holds the doctrine of idealism, one who strives after the ideal: an unpractical person.--_adj._ IDEALIST'IC, pertaining to idealists or to idealism.--_n._ IDEAL'ITY, ideal state: ability and disposition to form ideals of beauty and perfection.--_adv._ ID[=E]'ALLY, in an ideal manner: mentally.--_n._ ID[=E]'ALOGUE, one given to ideas: a theorist.--_v.i._ ID[=E]'ATE, to form ideas.--_adj._ produced by an idea.--_n._ the correlative or object of an idea.--_n._ IDE[=A]'TION, the power of the mind for forming ideas: the exercise of such power.--_adjs._ IDE[=A]'TIONAL, ID[=E]'ATIVE. [L.,--Gr. _idea_--_idein_, to see.]

IDENTIFY, [=i]-den'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ to make to be the same: to ascertain or prove to be the same:--_pa.p._ iden'tified.--_adj._ IDEN'TIFIABLE.--_n._ IDENTIFIC[=A]'TION.--IDENTIFY ONE'S SELF WITH, to take an active part in the promotion of. [Fr. _identifier_--L., as if _identicus_--_idem_, the same, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

IDENTITY, [=i]-den'ti-ti, _n._ state of being the same: sameness.--_adj._ IDEN'TICAL, the very same: not different.--_adv._ IDEN'TICALLY.--_n._ IDEN'TICALNESS, identity. [Fr.,--Low L. _identitat-em_--L. _idem_, the same.]

IDEOGRAPHY, [=i]-de-og'ra-fi, _n._ the representation of things by pictures, and not by sound-symbols or letters.--_ns._ I'DEOGRAPH, such a character or symbol as represents an idea without expressing its name--also I'DEOGRAM.--_adjs._ IDEOGRAPH'IC, -AL, representing ideas by pictures, or directly instead of words.--_adv._ IDEOGRAPH'ICALLY, in an ideographic manner. [Gr. _idea_, idea, _graphein_, to write.]

IDEOLOGY, [=i]-de-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science of ideas, metaphysics.--_adjs._ IDEOLOG'IC, -AL.--_n._ IDEOL'OGIST, one occupied with ideas having no significance: a mere theorist--also ID[=E]'OLOGUE. [Gr. _idea_, idea, _logia_, discourse.]

IDEOPRAXIST, [=i]-de-[=o]-prak'sist, _n._ one who is impelled to carry out an idea. [Gr. _idea_, idea, _praxis_, doing.]

IDES, [=i]dz, _n.sing._ in ancient Rome, the 15th day of March, May, July, October, and the 13th of the other months. [Fr.,--L. _idus_, prob. Etruscan.]

IDIOCRASY, id-i-ok'ra-si, _n._ same as IDIOSYNCRASY.--_adj._ IDIOCRAT'IC.

IDIOCY. See IDIOT.

IDIOELECTRIC, id-i-o-e-lek'trik, _adj._ electric by virtue of its own peculiar properties.

IDIOGRAPH, id'i-o-graf, _n._ a private mark or trademark.--_adj._ IDIOGRAPH'IC.

IDIOM, id'i-um, _n._ a mode of expression peculiar to a language, a peculiar variation of any language, a dialect.--_n._ ID'IASM, a peculiarity.--_adjs._ IDIOMAT'IC, -AL, conformed or pertaining to the idioms of a language.--_adv._ IDIOMAT'ICALLY.--_n._ IDIOT'ICON, a vocabulary of a particular dialect or district. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _idi[=o]ma_, peculiarity--_idios_, one's own.]

IDIOMORPHIC, id-i-o-mor'fik, _adj._ having a peculiar or distinctive form.

IDIOPATHY, id-i-op'a-thi, _n._ a peculiar affection or state: (_med._) a primary disease, one not occasioned by another.--_adj._ IDIOPATH'IC (_med._), primary, not depending on or preceded by another disease.--_adv._ IDIOPATH'ICALLY. [Gr. _idios_, peculiar, _pathos_, suffering--_pathein_ to suffer.]

IDIOSYNCRASY, id-i-o-sin'kra-si, _n._ peculiarity of temperament or constitution; crotchet or peculiar view, any characteristic of a person.--_adj._ IDIOSYNCRAT'IC. [Gr. _idios_, one's own, _syncrasis_, a mixing together--_syn_, together, _krasis_, a mixing.]

IDIOT, id'i-ut, _n._ one deficient in intellect: a foolish or unwise person.--_adj._ afflicted with idiocy: idiotic.--_v.t._ to make idiotic--_ns._ ID'IOCY, ID'IOTCY, state of being an idiot: imbecility: folly.--_adjs._ IDIOT'IC, -AL, pertaining to or like an idiot: foolish.--_adv._ IDIOT'ICALLY.--_adj._ IDIOT'ISH, idiotic.--_n._ ID'IOTISM, the state of being an idiot. [Fr.,--L. _idiota_--_idi[=o]t[=e]s_, orig. a 'private man,' then a rude person--_idios_, one's own.]

IDLE, [=i]'dl, _adj._ vain: trifling: unemployed: averse to labour: not occupied: useless: unimportant: unedifying.--_v.t._ to spend in idleness.--_v.i._ to be idle or unoccupied.--_adj._ I'DLE-HEAD'ED, foolish.--_ns._ I'DLEHOOD, I'DLENESS; I'DLER; ID'LESSE, idleness; I'DLE-WHEEL, a wheel placed between two others simply for transferring the motion from one to the other without changing the direction.--_n.pl._ I'DLE-WORMS, once jocularly supposed to be bred in the fingers of lazy maid-servants.--_adv._ I'DLY. [A.S. _idel_; Dut. _ijdel_, Ger. _eitel_.]

IDOCRASE, id'o-kr[=a]z, _n._ the mineral vesuvianite. [Gr. _eidos_, form, _krasis_, mixture.]

IDOL, [=i]'dul, _n._ a figure: an image of some object of worship: a person or thing too much loved or honoured: any phantom of the brain, or any false appearance by which men are led into error or prejudice which prevents impartial observation, a fallacy--also ID[=O]'LON, ID[=O]'LUM:--_pl._ ID[=O]'LA--Bacon (_Novum Organum_, i. § 38) makes these four in number--_Idols of the nation or tribe_; _Idols of the den or cave_ (fallacies due to personal causes); _Idols of the forum_ (those due to the influence of words or phrases); _Idols of the theatre_ (those due to misconceptions of philosophic system or demonstration).--_v.t._ I'DOL[=I]SE, to make an idol of, for worship: to love to excess.--_ns._ IDOL[=I]S'ER; I'DOLISM (_Milt._), idolatrous worship; I'DOLIST (_Milt._), an idolater; IDOL'OCLAST, a breaker of images.--_adj._ IDOLOGRAPH'ICAL, treating of idols. [O. Fr. _idole_--L. _idolum_--Gr. _eid[=o]lon_--_eidos_, what is seen--_idein_, to see.]

IDOLATER, [=i]-dol'a-t[.e]r, _n._ a worshipper of idols: a great admirer:--_fem._ IDOL'ATRESS.--_v.t._ IDOL'ATR[=I]SE, to worship as an idol: to adore.--_adj._ IDOL'ATROUS, pertaining to idolatry.--_adv._ IDOL'ATROUSLY.--_n._ IDOL'ATRY, the worship of an image held to be the abode of a superhuman personality: excessive love. [Fr. _idolâtre_, corr. of L.,--Gr. _eid[=o]lolatr[=e]s_--_eid[=o]lon_, idol, _latreuein_, to worship.]

IDOLON, [=i]-d[=o]'lon, _n._ same as IDOL, an image: a mistaken notion. [Gr. _eid[=o]lon_, an image.]

IDRIS, [=i]'dris, _n._ a mythical figure in Welsh tradition, giant, prince, and astronomer.

IDYL, IDYLL, [=i]'dil, _n._ a short pictorial poem, chiefly on pastoral subjects: a narrative poem.--_n._ IDYL'IST, a writer of idyls.--_adj._ IDYLL'IC, of or belonging to idyls: pastoral. [L. _idyllium_--Gr. _idyllion_, dim. of _eidos_, image.]

IF, if, _conj._ an expression of doubt; whether: in case that: supposing that.--AS IF, as it would be if. [A.S. _gif_; Dut. _of_, Ice. _ef_, if, _efa_, to doubt.]

IGNARO, ig-n[=a]'r[=o], _n._ (_Spens._) an ignorant person. [It.,--L. IGNARUS. See IGNORE.]

IGNATIAN, ig-n[=a]'shan, _adj._ of or pertaining to St _Ignatius_, Bishop of Antioch, martyred at Rome under Trajan about 110 A.D.--The famous IGNATIAN EPISTLES exist in 3 different forms or recensions--the _Short_ (3 only, in Syriac); the _Middle_ (7, the Greek text first published in 1646--considered by Zahn and Lightfoot to be the original form); the _Long_ (these 7, together with 6 others).

IGNEOUS, ig'ne-us, _adj._ pertaining to, consisting of, or like fire: (_geol._) produced by the action of fire.--_adjs._ IGNESC'ENT, emitting sparks of fire; IGNIF'EROUS, bearing fire; IGNIG'ENOUS, engendered in fire.--IGNEOUS rocks, those which have been erupted from the heated interior of the earth--hence also termed _Eruptive rocks_. [L. _igneus_--_ignis_, fire.]

IGNIPOTENT, ig-nip'o-tent, _adj._ (_Pope_) presiding over fire. [L. _ignis_, fire, _potens_, _-entis_, powerful.]

IGNIS-FATUUS, ig'nis-fat'[=u]-us, _n._ a light which misleads travellers, often seen over marshy places, also called 'Will-o'-the-Wisp:'--_pl._ IGNES-FATUI (ig'n[=e]z-fat'[=u]-[=i]). [L. _ignis_, fire, _fatuus_, foolish.]

IGNITE, ig-n[=i]t', _v.t._ to set on fire, to kindle: to render luminous with heat.--_v.i._ to take fire: to burn.--_n._ IGNITIBIL'ITY.--_adj._ IGN[=I]T'IBLE, that may be ignited.--_n._ IGNI'TION, act of setting on fire: state of being kindled, and esp. of being made red hot. [L. _ign[=i]re_, _ign[=i]tum_, to set on fire--_ignis_, fire.]

IGNOBLE, ig-n[=o]'bl, _adj._ of low birth: mean or worthless: dishonourable.--_v.i._ to degrade.--_ns._ IGNOBIL'ITY, IGN[=O]'BLENESS.--_adv._ IGN[=O]'BLY. [Fr.,--L. _ignobilis_--_in_, not, _gnobilis_, _nobilis_, noble.]

IGNOMINY, ig'n[=o]-min-i, _n._ the loss of one's good name: public disgrace: infamy--formerly also IG'NOMY.--_adj._ IGNOMIN'IOUS, dishonourable: marked with ignominy: contemptible: mean.--_adv._ IGNOMIN'IOUSLY.--_n._ IGNOMIN'IOUSNESS. [Fr.,--L. _ignominia_--_in_, not, _gnomen_, _nomen_, name.]

IGNORAMUS, ig-n[=o]-r[=a]'mus, _n._ the word formerly written by a grand-jury on the back of an indictment, meaning that they rejected it: an ignorant person, esp. one making a pretence to knowledge:--_pl._ IGNOR[=A]'MUSES. [L., 'We are ignorant,' 1st pers. pl. pres. indic. of _ignor[=a]re_.]

IGNORANT, ig'n[=o]-rant, _adj._ without knowledge: uninstructed: unacquainted with: resulting from want of knowledge: (_Shak._) unconscious: (_Shak._) undiscovered.--_n._ IG'NORANCE, state of being ignorant: want of knowledge--in R.C. theol. _vincible_ or _wilful_ ignorance is such as one might be fairly expected to overcome, hence it can never be an excuse for sin, whether of omission or of commission; while _invincible_ ignorance, which a man could not help or abate, altogether excuses from guilt: (_pl._) in Litany, sins committed through ignorance.--_adv._ IG'NORANTLY.--_n._ IGNOR[=A]'TION. [Fr.,--L. _ignorans_, _-antis_, _pr.p._ of _ignor[=a]re_. See IGNORE.]

IGNORANTINES, ig-n[=o]-ran't[=i]nz, _n.pl._ (_R.C._) name of a religious congregation of men devoted to the instruction of poor children--now better known as the _Brothers of Christian Schools_.

IGNORE, ig-n[=o]r', _v.t._ wilfully to disregard: to set aside. [Fr.,--L. _ignor[=a]re_, not to know--_in_, not, and _gno-_, root of _(g)nosc[)e]re_, to know.]

IGUANA, i-gwä'na, _n._ a genus of thick-tongued arboreal lizards in tropical America. [Sp., prob. Haytian.]

IGUANODON, i-gwä'no-don, _n._ a large extinct herbivorous reptile, with teeth like those of the iguana. [_Iguana_, and Gr. _odous_, _odontos_, a tooth.]

ILEAC, il'e-ak, _adj._, ILEUM, il'e-um, _n._ See ILIAC.

ILEX, [=i]'leks, _n._ the scientific name for Holly (which see): the evergreen or holm oak. [L.]

ILIAC, il'i-ak, _adj._ pertaining to the lower intestines.--_ns._ IL'EUM, the lower part of the smaller intestine in man; IL'IUM, the upper part of the hip-bone:--_pl._ IL'IA.--ILEUS, ILEAC, or ILIAC PASSION, a severe colic with vomiting, &c. [Fr., through a Low L. _iliacus_--_ilia_, the flanks, the groin.]

ILIAD, il'i-ad, _n._ an epic poem by Homer, giving an account of the destruction of _Ilium_ or ancient Troy. [L. _Ilias_, _Iliadis_--Gr. _Ilias_, _Iliados_, a poem relating to _Ilium_, the city of _Ilos_, its founder.]

ILK, ilk, _adj._ the same.--OF THAT ILK, of that same, used in connection with a man whose name is the same as that of his ancestral estate--often used erroneously for 'of that kind.' [A.S. _ilc_, _ylc_, from _y-_ or _i-_ (base of _he_), and _líc_=like.]

ILKA, il'ka, _adj._ (_Scot._) each. [A.S. _['æ]lc_, each.]

ILL, il, _adj._ (comp. _worse_; superl. _worst_) evil, bad: contrary to good: wicked: producing evil: unfortunate: unfavourable: sick: diseased: improper: incorrect: cross, as temper.--_adv._ not well: not rightly: with difficulty--(_rare_) ILL'Y.--_n._ evil: wickedness: misfortune.--_Ill_, when compounded with other words, expresses badness of quality or condition, as 'ill-advised,' 'ill-affected,' 'ill-disposed,' &c.--_adj._ ILL'-BESEEM'ING (_Shak._), unbecoming.--_n._ ILL'-BLOOD, ill-feeling: resentment.--_adjs._ ILL'-BOD'ING, inauspicious; ILL'-BRED, badly bred or educated: uncivil.--_n._ ILL'-BREED'ING.--_adjs._ ILL'-CONDIT'IONED, in bad condition: churlish; ILL'-FAT'ED, bringing ill-fortune; ILL'-FAURD (_Scot._), ILL'-F[=A]'VOURED, ill-looking: deformed: ugly.--_n._ ILL'-F[=A]'VOUREDNESS, state of being ill-favoured: deformity.--_adjs._ ILL'-GOT, -TEN, procured by bad means; ILL'-HAIRED (_Scot._) cross-grained; ILL'-JUDGED, not well judged; ILL'-LOOK'ING, having a bad look; ILL'-MANNED', insufficiently provided with men; ILL'-N[=A]'TURED, of an ill nature or temper: cross: peevish.--_adv._ ILL'-N[=A]'TUREDLY.--_ns._ ILL'-N[=A]'TUREDNESS, the quality of being ill-natured; ILL'NESS, sickness: disease.--_adjs._ ILL'-OFF, in bad circumstances; ILL'-[=O]'MENED, having bad omens: unfortunate; ILL'-STARRED, born under the influence of an unlucky star: unlucky; ILL'-TEM'PERED, having a bad temper: morose: fretful: (_Shak._) disordered; ILL'-TIMED, said or done at an unsuitable time.--_v.t._ ILL'-TREAT, to treat ill: to abuse.--_n._ ILL'-TURN, an act of unkindness or enmity.--_adj._ ILL'-USED, badly used or treated.--_ns._ ILL'-WILL, unkind feeling: enmity; ILL'-WISH'ER, one who wishes harm to another.--_adj._ ILL'-WREST'ING, misinterpreting to disadvantage.--GO ILL WITH, to result in danger or misfortune; TAKE IT ILL, to be offended. [From Ice. _illr_, a contraction of the word which appears in A.S. _yfel_, evil.]

ILLAPSE, il-laps', _n._ a sliding in: the entrance of one thing into another.--_v.i._ to glide. [L. _illapsus_--_illabi_--_in_, into, _labi_, to slip, to slide.]

ILLAQUEATE, i-lak'w[=e]-[=a]t, _v.t._ to ensnare.--_adj._ ILLAQ'UEABLE.--_n._ ILLAQUE[=A]'TION.

ILLATION, il-l[=a]'shun, _n._ act of inferring from premises or reasons: inference: conclusion.--_adj._ IL'LATIVE, denoting an inference: that may be inferred.--_adv._ IL'LATIVELY. [Fr.,--L. _illation-em_--_inferre_, _ill[=a]tum_--_in_, in, into, _ferre_, to bear.]

ILLAUDABLE, il-law'da-bl, _adj._ not laudable or praiseworthy.--_adv._ ILLAU'DABLY.

ILLEGAL, il-l[=e]'gal, _adj._ contrary to law.--_v.t._ ILL[=E]'GAL[=I]SE, to render unlawful.--_n._ ILLEGAL'ITY, the quality or condition of being illegal.--_adv._ ILL[=E]'GALLY.

ILLEGIBLE, il-lej'i-bl, _adj._ that cannot be read: indistinct.--_ns._ ILLEG'IBLENESS, ILLEGIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ ILLEG'IBLY.

ILLEGITIMATE, il-le-jit'i-m[=a]t, _adj._ not according to law: not born in wedlock: not properly inferred or reasoned: not genuine.--_n._ ILLEGIT'IMACY.--_adv._ ILLEGIT'IM[=A]TELY.--_n._ ILLEGITIM[=A]'TION, the act of rendering, or state of being, illegitimate.

ILLIBERAL, il-lib'[.e]r-al, _adj._ niggardly: mean, narrow in opinion.--_v.t._ ILLIB'ERALISE.--_n._ ILLIBERAL'ITY.--_adv._ ILLIB'ERALLY.

ILLICIT, il-lis'it, _adj._ not allowable: unlawful: unlicensed.--_adv._ ILLIC'ITLY.--_n._ ILLIC'ITNESS. [L. _illicitus_--_in_, not, _licitus_, pa.p. of _lic[=e]re_, to be allowable.]

ILLIMITABLE, il-lim'it-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be bounded: infinite.--_n._ ILLIM'ITABLENESS.--_adv._ ILLIM'ITABLY.--_n._ ILLIMIT[=A]'TION.--_adj._ ILLIM'ITED.

ILLIQUATION, il-li-kw[=a]'shun, _n._ the melting of one thing into another. [L. _in_, into, _liqu[=a]re_, -_[=a]tum_, to melt.]

ILLISION, il-lizh'un, _n._ the act of striking against. [L. _illision-em_--_illid[)e]re_--_in_, in, _læd[)e]re_, to strike.]

ILLITERAL, il-lit'[.e]r-al, _adj._ not literal.

ILLITERATE, il-lit'[.e]r-[=a]t, _adj._ not learned: uninstructed: ignorant.--_n.pl._ a term used to designate those persons who are unable to read or write or both.--_adv._ ILLIT'ERATELY.--_ns._ ILLIT'ERATENESS, ILLIT'ERACY, state of being illiterate: want of learning.

ILLOGICAL, il-loj'i-kal, _adj._ contrary to the rules of logic.--_adv._ ILLOG'ICALLY.--_n._ ILLOG'ICALNESS.

ILLUDE, il-l[=u]d', _v.t._ to play upon by artifice: to deceive. [O. Fr.,--L. _illud[)e]re_--_in_, upon, _lud[)e]re_, to play.]

ILLUME. See ILLUMINE.

ILLUMINATE, il-l[=u]'min-[=a]t, _v.t._ to light up: to enlighten: to illustrate: to adorn with ornamental lettering or illustrations.--_adj._ enlightened.--_adj._ ILL[=U]'MINABLE, that may be illuminated.--_adj._ and _n._ ILL[=U]'MINANT.--_n.pl._ ILLUMIN[=A]'T[=I], the enlightened, a name given to various sects, and especially to a society of German Freethinkers at the end of the 18th century.--_n._ ILLUMIN[=A]'TION, act of giving light: that which gives light: splendour: brightness: a display of lights: adorning of books with coloured lettering or illustrations: (_B_.) enlightening influence, inspiration.--_adj._ ILL[=U]'MINATIVE, tending to give light: illustrative or explanatory.--_n._ ILL[=U]'MINATOR, one who illuminates, esp. one who is employed in adorning books with coloured letters and illustrations.--_vs.t._ ILL[=U]'MINE, ILL[=U]'ME, to make luminous or bright: to enlighten: to adorn.--_ns._ ILL[=U]'MINER, an illuminator; ILL[=U]'MINISM.--_adj._ ILLUM'INOUS, bright. [L. _illumin[=a]re_, -_[=a]tum_--_in_, in, upon, _lumin[=a]re_, to cast light--_lumen_ (=_lucimen_)--_luc[=e]re_, to shine, light.]

ILLUSION, il-l[=u]'zhun, _n._ a playing upon: a mocking: deceptive appearance: false show: error.--_n._ ILL[=U]'SIONIST, one who is subject to illusions: one who produces illusions, as sleight-of-hand tricks, for entertainment.--_adjs._ ILL[=U]'SIVE, ILL[=U]'SORY, deceiving by false appearances: false.--_adv._ ILL[=U]'SIVELY.--_n._ ILL[=U]'SIVENESS. [See ILLUDE.]

ILLUSTRATE, il-lus'tr[=a]t, or il'us-tr[=a]t, _v.t._ to make distinguished: to make clear to the mind: to explain: to explain and adorn by pictures.--_adj._ (_Shak._) renowned.--_n._ ILLUSTR[=A]'TION, act of making lustrous or clear: act of explaining: that which illustrates: a picture or diagram.--_adjs._ ILLUS'TRATIVE, ILLUS'TRATORY, having the quality of making clear or explaining.--_adv._ ILLUS'TRATIVELY.--_n._ ILLUS'TRATOR.--_adj._ ILLUS'TRIOUS, morally bright, distinguished: noble: conspicuous: conferring honour.--_adv._ ILLUS'TRIOUSLY.--_n._ ILLUS'TRIOUSNESS. [L. _illustr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to light up--_illustris_, prob. _in_, in, _lux_, _lucis_, light.]

I'M, [=i]m, a contraction of _I am_.

IMAGE, im'[=a]j, _n._ likeness: a statue: an idol: a representation in the mind, an idea: a picture in the imagination: (_optics_) the figure of any object formed by rays of light.--_v.t._ to form an image of: to form a likeness of in the mind.--_adj._ IM'AGELESS, having no image.--_ns._ IMAGERY (im'[=a]j-ri, or im'[=a]j-er-i), the work of the imagination: mental pictures: figures of speech: (_orig._) images in general; IM'AGE-WOR'SHIP, honour paid in worship to graven or painted representations of sacred persons or things. [O. Fr.,--L. _imago_, image; cf. _imit[=a]ri_, to imitate.]

IMAGINE, im-aj'in, _v.t._ to form an image of in the mind: to conceive: to think: (_B._) to contrive or devise.--_v.i._ to form mental images: to conceive.--_adj._ IMAG'INABLE, that may be imagined.--_n._ IMAG'INABLENESS.--_adv._ IMAG'INABLY.--_adj._ IMAG'INARY, existing only in the imagination: not real: (_alg._) impossible.--_n._ IMAGIN[=A]'TION, act of imagining: the faculty of forming images in the mind: that which is imagined: contrivance.--_adj._ IMAG'IN[=A]TIVE, full of imagination: proceeding from the imagination.--_ns._ IMAG'IN[=A]TIVENESS; IMAG'INER; IMAG'INING, that which is imagined. [O. Fr. _imaginer_--L. _imagin[=a]ri_--_imago_, an image.]

IMAGO, i-m[=a]'g[=o], _n._ the last or perfect state of insect life: an image or optical counterpart of a thing. [L.]

IMÂM, i-mam', IMAUM, i-mawm', _n._ the officer who in Mohammedan mosques recites the prayers and leads the devotions of the faithful--in Turkey also superintending circumcisions, marriages, and funerals. [Ar. _im[=a]m_, chief.]

IMBANK, im-bangk'. Same as EMBANK.

IMBAR, im-bär', _v.t._ to exclude.

IMBARK, im-bärk', _v.i._ Same as EMBARK.

IMBATHE, im-b[=a]th', _v.t._ (_Milt._) to bathe.

IMBECILE, im'be-s[=e]l, _adj._ without strength either of body or mind: feeble: fatuous.--_n._ one destitute of strength, either of mind or body.--_n._ IMBECIL'ITY, state of being imbecile: weakness of body or mind. [O. Fr. _imbecile_--L. _imbecillis_; origin unknown.]

IMBED, im-bed', _v.t._ See EMBED.

IMBELLISHING, _n._ (_Milt._). Same as EMBELLISHMENT.

IMBIBE, im-b[=i]b', _v.t._ to drink in: to absorb: to receive into the mind.--_v.i._ to drink, absorb.--_ns._ IMBIB'ER; IMBIBI'TION. [L. _imbib[)e]re_--_in_, in, into, _bib[)e]re_, to drink.]

IMBITTER, im-bit'[.e]r, _v.t._ See EMBITTER.

IMBLAZE, im-bl[=a]z', _v.t._ obsolete form of _emblaze_.

IMBODY, im-bod'i. See EMBODY.

IMBOIL, im-boil', _v.i._ Same as EMBOIL.

IMBORDER, im-bor'd[.e]r, _v.t._ Same as EMBORDER.

IMBOSOM, im-b[=oo]z'um. See EMBOSOM.

IMBOUND, im-bownd', _v.t._ Same as EMBOUND.

IMBOW, im-b[=o]', _v.t._ Same as EMBOW.

IMBRANGLE. See EMBRANGLE.

IMBRICATE, im'bri-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to lay one over another, as tiles on a roof.--_adj._ bent like a gutter-tile: (_bot._) overlapping each other.--_n._ IMBRIC[=A]'TION, a concave indenture, as of a tile: an overlapping of the edges: ornamental masonry. [L. _imbric[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_imbrex_, a gutter-tile--_imber_; a shower.]

IMBROCATA, im-bro-kä'tä, _n._ in fencing, a thrust in tierce. [It.]

IMBROGLIO, im-br[=o]l'y[=o], _n._ an intricate plot in a romance or drama: a perplexing state of matters: a complicated misunderstanding. [It., 'confusion'--_imbrogliare_, to confuse, embroil.]

IMBROWN. See EMBROWN.

IMBRUE, im-br[=oo]', _v.t._ to wet or moisten: to soak: to drench.--_n._ IMBRUE'MENT. [O. Fr. _embruer_--_bevre_ (Fr. _boire_)--L. _bib[)e]re_, to drink.]

IMBRUTE, im-br[=oo]t', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to reduce, or sink, to the state of a brute:--_pr.p._ imbrut'ing; _pa.p._ imbrut'ed.

IMBUE, im-b[=u]', _v.t._ to moisten: to tinge deeply: to cause to imbibe, as the mind. [O. Fr. _imbuer_--L. _imbu[)e]re_--_in_, and root of _bib[)e]re_, to drink.]

IMITATE, im'i-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to copy, to strive to be the same as: to produce a likeness of.--_n._ IMITABIL'ITY.--_adj._ IM'ITABLE, that may be imitated or copied: worthy of imitation.--_n._ IM'ITANCY, the tendency to imitate.--_adj._ IM'ITANT.--_n._ IMIT[=A]'TION, act of imitating: that which is produced as a copy, a likeness: (_mus._) the repeating of the same passage, or the following of a passage with a similar one in one or more of the other parts or voices.--_adj._ IM'IT[=A]TIVE, inclined to imitate: formed after a model.--_adv._ IM'IT[=A]TIVELY.--_ns._ IM'IT[=A]TIVENESS, the quality of being imitative; IM'IT[=A]TOR, one who imitates or copies. [L. _imit[=a]ri_, _imit[=a]tus_, ety. unknown.]

IMMACULATE, im-mak'[=u]-l[=a]t, _adj._ spotless: unstained: pure.--_adv._ IMMAC'ULATELY.--_n._ IMMAC'ULATENESS.--IMMACULATE CONCEPTION, the R.C. dogma that the Virgin Mary was conceived without original sin--first proclaimed in 1854. [L. _immacul[=a]tus_--_in_, not, _macul[=a]re_, to stain--_macula_, a spot.]

IMMALLEABLE, im-mal'le-a-bl, _adj._ not malleable.

IMMANACLE, im-man'a-kl, _v.t._ (_Milt._) to put in manacles, to fetter or confine.

IMMANATION, im-[=a]-n[=a]'shun, _n._ an easy flow.--_v.t._ IMM'ANATE, to flow or issue in. [L. _in_, in, _man[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to flow.]

IMMANE, i-m[=a]n', _adj._ huge: cruel, savage.--_adv._ IMMANE'LY.--_n._ IMMAN'ITY (_Shak._), inhumanity, cruelty. [L. _immanis_, huge.]

IMMANENT, im'[=a]-nent, _adj._ remaining within: inherent.--_ns._ IMM'[=A]NENCE, IMM'[=A]NENCY, the notion that the intelligent and creative principle of the universe pervades the universe itself, a fundamental conception of Pantheism. [L. _immanens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _imman[=e]re_--_in_, in, _man[=e]re_, to remain.]

IMMANTLE, im-man'tl, _v.t._ to envelop in a mantle.

IMMANUEL, EMMANUEL, i-man'[=u]-el, e-, _n._ a name given to Jesus (Matt. i. 23) as the son of a virgin (Is. vii. 14). [Heb., lit. 'God-with-us.']

IMMARGINATE, im-ar-jin'[=a]t, _adj._ having no margin.

IMMASK, im-mask', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to mask, disguise.

IMMATERIAL, im-a-t[=e]'ri-al, _adj._ not consisting of matter: incorporeal: unimportant.--_v.t._ IMMAT[=E]'RIALISE, to separate from matter.--_ns._ IMMATE'RIALISM, the doctrine that there is no material substance; IMMAT[=E]'RIALIST, one who believes in this; IMMATERIAL'ITY, the quality of being immaterial or of not consisting of matter.--_adv._ IMMAT[=E]'RIALLY.

IMMATURE, im-a-t[=u]r', IMMATURED, im-a-t[=u]rd', _adj._ not ripe: not perfect: come before the natural time.--_adv._ IMMATURE'LY.--_ns._ IMMATURE'NESS, IMMATUR'ITY.

IMMEASURABLE, im-mezh'[=u]r-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be measured: very great.--_n._ IMMEAS'URABLENESS.--_adv._ IMMEAS'URABLY.--_adj._ IMMEAS'URED (_Spens._), beyond the common measure, immeasurable.

IMMEDIATE, im-m[=e]'di-[=a]t, _adj._ with nothing between two objects: not acting by second causes: direct: present: without delay.--_n._ IMM[=E]'DIACY (_Shak._), immediate or independent power.--_adv._ IMM[=E]'DI[=A]TELY.--_ns._ IMM[=E]'DI[=A]TENESS; IMM[=E]'DIATISM.

IMMEDICABLE, im-med'i-ka-bl, _adj._ incurable.

IMMEMORIAL, im-me-m[=o]r'i-al, _adj._ beyond the reach of memory.--_adj._ IMMEM'ORABLE.--_adv._ IMMEM[=O]'RIALLY.

IMMENSE, im-mens', _adj._ that cannot be measured: vast in extent: very large.--_adv._ IMMENSE'LY.--_ns._ IMMENSE'NESS; IMMENS'ITY, an extent not to be measured: infinity: greatness. [Fr.,--L. _immensus_--_in_, not, _mensus_, pa.p,. of _met[=i]ri_, to measure.]

IMMENSURABLE, im-mens'[=u]r-a-bl, _adj._ that cannot be measured.--_n._ IMMENSURABIL'ITY.

IMMERGE, im-m[.e]rj', _v.t._ to plunge into. [L. _in_, into, _merg[)e]re_, _mersum_, to plunge.]

IMMERITOUS, im-mer'it-us, _adj._ (_Milt._) undeserving. [L. _immeritus_--_in_, not, _meritus_, deserving.]

IMMERSE, im-m[.e]rs', _v.t._ to plunge into: to dip: to baptise by dipping the whole body: to engage deeply: to overwhelm.--_adjs._ IMMERS'ABLE, IMMERS'IBLE.--_ns._ IMMER'SION, act of immersing or plunging into: state of being dipped into: state of being deeply engaged; IMMER'SIONIST. [See IMMERGE.]

IMMESH. See ENMESH.

IMMETHODICAL, im-me-thod'ik-al, _adj._ without method or order: irregular.--_adv._ IMMETHOD'ICALLY.

IMMIGRATE, im'i-gr[=a]t, _v.i._ to migrate or remove into a country.--_ns._ IMM'IGRANT, one who immigrates; IMMIGR[=A]'TION, act of immigrating. [L. _immigr[=a]re_--_in_, into, _migrare_, _-[=a]tum_, to remove.]

IMMINENT, im'i-nent, _adj._ near at hand: threatening: impending.--_n._ IMM'INENCE.--_adv._ IMM'INENTLY. [L. _imminens_, _-entis_--_in_, upon, _min[=e]re_, to project.]

IMMINGLE, im-ming'gl, _v.t._ to mingle together, to mix.

IMMISCIBLE, im-is'i-bl, _adj._ not capable of being mixed.

IMMIT, im-mit', _v.t._ to send into: to inject:--_pr.p._ immit'ting; _pa.p._ immit'ted.--_n._ IMMISS'ION, act of immitting: injection. [L. _immit[)e]re_--_in_, into, _mitt[)e]re_, _missum_, to send.]

IMMITIGABLE, im-it'i-ga-bl, _adj._ incapable of being mitigated.--_adv._ IMMIT'IGABLY.

IMMIX, im-miks', _v.t._ (_Milt._) to mix.--_adj._ IMMIX'ABLE, incapable of being mixed.

IMMOBILITY, im-mo-bil'i-ti, _n._ the character of being immovable.--_adj._ IMMOB'ILE.

IMMODERATE, im-mod'[.e]r-[=a]t, _adj._ exceeding proper bounds: extravagant.--_ns._ IMMOD'ERACY, IMMOD'ERATENESS, the quality of being immoderate: extravagance.--_adv._ IMMOD'ERATELY.--_n._ IMMODER[=A]'TION, want of moderation: excess.

IMMODEST, im-mod'est, _adj._ wanting restraint: impudent: forward: wanting shame or delicacy.--_adv._ IMMOD'ESTLY.--_n._ IMMOD'ESTY, want of modesty.

IMMOLATE, im'[=o]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to offer in sacrifice.--_ns._ IMMOL[=A]'TION, act of immolating: a sacrifice; IMM'OLATOR, one who immolates or offers sacrifice. [L. _immol[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to sprinkle meal on a victim, hence to sacrifice--_in_, upon, _mola_, meal.]

IMMOMENT, im-m[=o]'ment, _adj._ (_Shak._) of no value.

IMMORAL, im-mor'al, _adj._ inconsistent with what is right: wicked: licentious.--_n._ IMMORAL'ITY, quality of being immoral: an immoral act or practice.--_adv._ IMMOR'ALLY.

IMMORTAL, im-mor'tal, _adj._ exempt from death: imperishable: never to be forgotten (as a name, poem, &c.).--_n._ one who will never cease to exist: one of the forty members of the French Academy.--_n._ IMMORTALIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ IMMOR'TALISE, to make immortal.--_n._ IMMORTAL'ITY, condition or quality of being immortal: exemption from death or oblivion.--_adv._ IMMOR'TALLY.

IMMORTELLE, im-mor-tel', _n._ any one of the flowers commonly called everlasting. [Fr. (_fleur_) _immortelle_, immortal (flower).]

IMMOVABLE, im-m[=oo]v'a-bl, _adj._ steadfast: unalterable: that cannot be impressed or made to fall: (_pl._) fixtures, &c., not movable by a tenant.--_ns._ IMMOV'ABLENESS, IMMOVABIL'ITY.--_adv._ IMMOV'ABLY.

IMMUNE, im-m[=u]n', _adj._ free from obligation: not liable to infection.--_n._ IMMUN'ITY, state of being immune: exemption: privilege. [Fr.,--L. _in_, not, _munis_, serving, obliging.]

IMMURE, im-m[=u]r', _v.t._ to wall in: to shut up: to imprison.--_n._ (_Shak._) a wall.--_n._ IMMURE'MENT, imprisonment. [Fr.,--L. _in_, in, _murus_, a wall.]

IMMUTABLE, im-m[=u]t'a-bl, _adj._ unchangeable.--_ns._ IMMUTABIL'ITY, IMM[=U]T'ABLENESS, unchangeableness.--_adv._ IMM[=U]T'ABLY.

IMP, imp, _n._ a little devil or wicked spirit: a son, offspring, a pert child.--_v.t._ (falconry) to mend a broken or defective wing by inserting a feather: to qualify for flight.--_adj._ IMP'ISH, like an imp: fiendish. [A.S. _impe_--Low L. _impotus_, a graft--Gr. _emphytos_, engrafted.]

IMPACABLE, im-p[=a]k'a-bl, _adj._ (_Spens._) not to be quieted or appeased. [L. _in_, not, _pac[=a]re_, to quiet.]

IMPACT, im-pakt', _v.t._ to press firmly together: to drive close.--_n._ IM'PACT, a striking against: collision: the blow of a body in motion impinging on another body: the impulse resulting from collision.--IMPACTED FRACTURE (_surg._), when one part of the bone is forcibly driven into the other. [O. Fr. _impacter_--L. _impactus_, pa.p. of _imping[=e]re_. See IMPINGE.]

IMPAINT, im-p[=a]nt', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to paint.

IMPAIR, im-p[=a]r', _v.t._ to diminish in quantity, value, or strength: to injure: to weaken.--_v.i._ (_obs._) to become worse.--_n._ IMPAIR'MENT. [O. Fr. _empeirer_ (Fr. _empirer_), from L. _im_ (=in), inten., and L. _pejor[=a]re_, to make worse--L. _pejor_, worse.]

IMPAIR, im-p[=a]r', _adj._ (_Shak._) unsuitable. [Fr.,--L. _impar_--_in_, not, _par_, equal.]

IMPALE, im-p[=a]l', _v.t._ to fence in with stakes: to shut in: to put to death by spitting on a stake.--_n._ IMPALE'MENT, an enclosed space: (_her._) the marshalling side by side of two escutcheons combined in one. [Fr. _empaler_--L. _in_, in, _palus_, a stake.]

IMPALPABLE, im-pal'pa-bl, _adj._ not perceivable by touch: not coarse: not easily understood.--_n._ IMPALPABIL'ITY.--_adv._ IMPAL'PABLY.

IMPANATION, im-p[=a]-n[=a]'shun, _n._ a term used to express the local union of the body of Christ with the consecrated bread in the Eucharist; but later specially used of Luther's doctrine of Consubstantiation (q.v.).--_adj._ IMP[=A]'NATE, embodied in bread. [From Low L. _impan[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, in, _panis_, bread.]

IMPANEL. See EMPANEL.

IMPARADISE, im-par'a-d[=i]s, _v.t._ (_Milt._) to put in a paradise or state of extreme felicity, to make perfectly happy:--_pr.p._ impar'ad[=i]sing; _pa.p._ impar'ad[=i]sed.

IMPARITY, im-par'i-ti, _n._ want of parity or equality: indivisibility into equal parts.--_adjs._ IMPARIDIG'ITATE, having an uneven number of digits; IMPARIPIN'NATE, unequally pinnate; IMPARISYLLAB'IC, not consisting of an equal number of syllables. [L. _impar_--_in_, not, _par_, equal.]

IMPARK, im-pärk', _v.t._ to enclose in a park.

IMPARLANCE, im-pärl'ans, _n._ (_Spens._) parley.--_v.i._ IMPARL', to hold a consultation. [O. Fr. _emparlance_--_emparler_, to talk.]

IMPART, im-pärt', _v.t._ to bestow a part of: to give: to communicate: to make known.--_v.i._ to give a part.--_ns._ IMPART[=A]'TION, the act of imparting; IMPART'MENT (_Shak._), the act of imparting: that which is imparted, disclosure. [O. Fr. _empartir_--L. _impart[=i]re_--_in_, on, _pars_, _partis_, a part.]

IMPARTIAL, im-pär'shal, _adj._ not favouring one more than another: just: (_Shak._) partial.--_ns._ IMPARTIAL'ITY, IMPAR'TIALNESS, quality of being impartial: freedom from bias.--_adv._ IMPAR'TIALLY.

IMPARTIBLE, im-pärt'i-bl, _adj._ capable of being imparted.--_n._ IMPARTIBIL'ITY.

IMPARTIBLE, im-pärt'i-bl, _adj._ not partible: indivisible.--_n._ IMPARTIBIL'ITY.

IMPASSABLE, im-pas'a-bl, _adj._ not capable of being passed.--_ns._ IMPASSABIL'ITY, IMPASS'ABLENESS.--_adv._ IMPASS'ABLY.

IMPASSIBLE, im-pas'i-bl, _adj._ incapable of passion or feeling.--_ns._ IMPASSIBIL'ITY, IMPASS'IBLENESS, quality of being impassible. [Fr.,--L. _impassibilis_,--_in_, not, _pati_, _passus_, to suffer.]

IMPASSION, im-pash'un, _v.t._ to move with passion.--_adjs._ IMPASS'IONABLE, IMPASS'ION[=A]TE, IMPASS'IONED, moved by strong passion or feeling: animated: excited; IMPASS'IVE, not susceptible of pain or feeling.--_adv._ IMPASS'IVELY.--_ns._ IMPASS'IVENESS, IMPASSIV'ITY. [Through Low L.--L. _in_, in, _passion-em_, passion.]

IMPASTE, im-p[=a]st', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to knead into a paste: to lay colours on thick.--_ns._ IMPAST[=A]'TION, act of impasting: that which is made into paste; IMPAS'TO, in painting, the thick laying on of pigments. [Low L. _impast[=a]re_--_in_, into, _pasta_, paste.]

IMPATIENT, im-p[=a]'shent, _adj._ not able to endure or to wait: fretful: restless.--_n._ IMP[=A]'TIENCE, want of patience.--_adv._ IMP[=A]'TIENTLY.

IMPAVE, im-p[=a]v', _v.t._ (_Wordsworth_) to pave.

IMPAVID, im-pav'id, _adj._ fearless.--_adv._ IMPAV'IDLY, fearlessly: dauntlessly. [L. _impavidus_--_in_, not, _pavidus_, fearing.]

IMPAWN, im-pawn', _v.t._ to pawn or deposit as security.

IMPEACH, im-p[=e]ch', _v._t to charge with a crime: to cite before a court for official misconduct: to call in question: (_Spens._) to impede.--_adj._ IMPEACH'ABLE, liable to impeachment: chargeable with a crime.--_ns._ IMPEACH'ER, one who impeaches; IMPEACH'MENT, an exceptional form of process whereby the House of Commons may obtain redress for any high crimes and misdemeanours committed by peers and ministers of the Crown: (_Shak._) hinderance, obstruction. [O. Fr. _empescher_, to hinder (Fr. _empêcher_, It. _impacciare_); either from L. _imping[)e]re_, to strike against, or _impedic[=a]re_, to fetter--thus cognate either with _impinge_ or _impede_.]

IMPEARL, im-p[.e]rl', _v.t._ to adorn with or as with pearls: to make like pearls.

IMPECCABLE, im-pek'a-bl, _adj._ not liable to error or to sin.--_ns._ IMPECCABIL'ITY, IMPECC'ANCY.--_adj._ IMPECC'ANT, doing no sin.

IMPECUNIOUS, im-pe-k[=u]ni-us, _adj._ having no money: poor.--_n._ IMPECUNIOS'ITY.

IMPEDE, im-p[=e]d', _v.t._ to hinder or obstruct.--_n._ IMP[=E]'DANCE, hinderance, esp. in electricity an apparent increase of resistance due to induction in a circuit.--_adj._ IMPED'IBLE, capable of being impeded.--_n._ IMPED'IMENT, that which impedes: hinderance: a defect preventing fluent speech.--_n.pl._ IMPEDIMENT'A, military baggage, baggage generally.--_adjs._ IMPEDIMEN'TAL, IMPED'ITIVE, causing hinderance. [L. _imped[=i]re_--_in_, in, _pes_, _pedis_, a foot.]

IMPEL, im-pel', _v.t._ to urge forward: to excite to action: to instigate:--_pr.p._ impel'ling; _pa.p._ impelled'.--_adj._ IMPEL'LENT, impelling or driving on.--_n._ a power that impels.--_n._ IMPEL'LER. [L. _impell[)e]re_, _impulsum_--_in_, on, _pell[)e]re_, to drive.]

IMPEND, im-pend', _v.i._ to threaten: to be about to happen.--_ns._ IMPEND'ENCE, IMPEND'ENCY, the state of impending: near approach.--_adj._ IMPEND'ENT, imminent: ready to act or happen. [L. _impend[=e]re_--_in_, on, _pend[=e]re_, to hang.]

IMPENETRABLE, im-pen'e-tra-bl, _adj._ incapable of being pierced: preventing another body from occupying the same space at the same time: not to be impressed in mind or heart.--_n._ IMPENETRABIL'ITY, one of the essential properties of matter, implying that no two bodies can at the same time occupy the same space.--_adv._ IMPEN'ETRABLY.

IMPENITENT, im-pen'i-tent, _adj._ not repenting of sin.--_n._ one who does not repent: a hardened sinner.--_n._ IMPEN'ITENCE.--_adv._ IMPEN'ITENTLY.

IMPENNATE, im-pen'[=a]t, IMPENNOUS, im-pen'us, _adj._ wingless: having very short wings useless for flight. [L. _in_, not, _penna_, a wing.]

IMPERATIVE, im-per'a-tiv, _adj._ expressive of command: authoritative: peremptory: obligatory.--_adv._ IMPER'ATIVELY.--IMPERATIVE MOOD, the form of a verb expressing command or advice; CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE (see under CATEGORY). [L. _imperativus_--_imper[=a]re_, to command--_in_, in, _par[=a]re_, to prepare.]

IMPERATOR, im'p[=e]-r[=a]-tor, _n._ a commander: a ruler: an emperor.--_adj._ IMPERAT[=O]'RIAL. [L.,--_imper[=a]re_, to command.]

IMPERCEPTIBLE, im-p[.e]r-sep'ti-bl, _adj._ not discernible: insensible: minute.--_ns._ IMPERCEP'TIBLENESS, IMPERCEPTIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ IMPERCEP'TIBLY.--_adjs._ IMPERCEP'TIVE, not perceiving; IMPERCIP'IENT, having no power to perceive.

IMPERFECT, im-p[.e]r'fekt, _adj._ incomplete: defective: not fulfilling its design: liable to err.--_adv._ IMPER'FECTLY.--_ns._ IMPER'FECTNESS, IMPERFEC'TION.

IMPERFORATE, -d, im-p[.e]r'fo-r[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ not pierced through: having no opening.--_adj._ IMPER'FORABLE, that cannot be perforated or bored through.--_n._ IMPERFOR[=A]'TION.

IMPERIAL, im-p[=e]'ri-al, _adj._ pertaining to an empire or to an emperor: sovereign, supreme: commanding, of superior size or excellence.--_n._ a tuft of hair on the lower lip (from its use by Napoleon III.): a kind of dome, as in Moorish buildings: an outside seat on a diligence: a size of writing-paper, 22 × 30 in.; also of printing-paper, 22 × 32 in.--_v.t._ IMP[=E]'RIALISE, to make imperial.--_ns._ IMP[=E]'RIALISM, the power or authority of an emperor: the spirit of empire; IMP[=E]'RIALIST, one who belongs to an emperor: a soldier or partisan of an emperor; IMPERIAL'ITY, imperial power, right, or privilege.--_adv._ IMP[=E]'RIALLY.--_n._ IMP[=E]'RIUM, a military chief command: empire.--IMPERIAL CITY, Rome: one of those cities in the German Empire which owed allegiance to none but the emperor, which exercised suzerain rights within their own territories, and had the right of sitting and voting in the imperial diet; IMPERIAL INSTITUTE of the United Kingdom, the Colonies, and India, an institution designed to commemorate the Jubilee of Queen Victoria (1887). [Fr.,--L. _imperialis_--_imperium_, sovereignty.]

IMPERIL, im-per'il, _v.t._ to put in peril: to endanger.--_n._ IMPER'ILMENT.

IMPERIOUS, im-p[=e]'ri-us, _adj._ assuming command: haughty: tyrannical: authoritative: (_obs._) imperial.--_adv._ IMP[=E]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ IMP[=E]'RIOUSNESS. [L. _imperiosus_.]

IMPERISHABLE, im-per'ish-a-bl, _adj._ indestructible: everlasting.--_ns._ IMPER'ISHABLENESS, IMPERISHABIL'ITY.--_adv._ IMPER'ISHABLY.

IMPERMANENCE, im-per'man-ens, _n._ want of permanence.--_adj._ IMPER'MANENT.

IMPERMEABLE, im-p[.e]r'm[=e]-a-bl, _adj._ not permitting passage: impenetrable.--_ns._ IMPERMEABIL'ITY, IMPER'MEABLENESS.--_adv._ IMPER'MEABLY.--_n._ IMPER'ME[=A]TOR, a device in a steam-engine for forcing lubricating oil uniformly into the cylinder.

IMPERSEVERANT, im-per-sev'[.e]r-ant, _adj._ (_Shak._) strongly persevering.