Chapter XV: Foreword: , f=or'wurd, n. a preface (6)

GRIEVE, gr[=e]v, _v.t._ to cause grief or pain of mind to: to make sorrowful: to vex: (_B._) also to inflict bodily pain.--_v.i._ to feel grief: to mourn.--_n._ GRIEV'ANCE, cause of grief: burden: hardship: injury: grief.--_adv._ GRIEV'INGLY (_Shak._), in sorrow, sorrowfully.--_adj._ GRIEV'OUS, causing grief: burdensome: painful: atrocious: hurtful.--_adv._ GRIEV'OUSLY, in a grievous manner: (_B._) severely.--_n._ GRIEV'OUSNESS. [O. Fr. _grever_--L. _grav[=a]re_, _gravis_, heavy.]

GRIFFIN, grif'in, GRIFFON, grif'un, _n._ an imaginary animal, with the body and legs of a lion, and the crooked beak and wings of an eagle: a new-comer in India, a novice: a watchful guardian, esp. over a young woman: a duenna.--_adj._ GRIFF'INISH.--_n._ GRIFF'INISM. [Fr. _griffon_--L. _gryphus_--Gr. _gryps_--_grypos_, hook-nosed.]

GRIG, grig, _n._ a cricket, grasshopper: a small lively eel, the sand-eel. [Prob. a form of _crick_, in _cricket_.]

GRILL, gril, _v.t._ to broil on a gridiron: to torment.--_v.i._ to undergo torment, to be in a broil.--_n._ a grated appliance for broiling meat, &c., a gridiron.--_ns._ GRILL'[=A]DE, anything grilled or broiled on a gridiron; GRILL'[=A]GE, a construction of cross-beams supporting an erection on marshy grounds.--_adj._ GRILLED, embossed with small rectangular indentations.--_n._ GRILL'-ROOM, a restaurant, where beefsteaks, &c., are grilled to one's order. [Fr. _griller_--_gril_, a gridiron--L. _craticula_, dim. of _cratis_, a grate.]

GRILLE, gril, _n._ a lattice, or grating, or screen, or open-work of metal, generally used to enclose or protect a window, shrine, &c.: a grating in a convent or jail door. [Fr. See GRILL.]

GRILSE, grils, _n._ a young salmon on its first return from salt water. [Skeat suggests a corr. of Dan. _graalax_, Sw. _grålax_, 'gray salmon,' from Dan. _graa_, Sw. _grå_, gray; and Dan., Sw., Ice. _lax_, Ger. _lachs_, a salmon. Others suggest Ir. _greal sach_.]

GRIM, grim, _adj._ of forbidding aspect: ferocious: ghastly: sullen: stern, unyielding.--_adv._ GRIM'LY.--_n._ GRIM'NESS. [A.S. _grim_; Ger. _grimmig_--_grimm_, fury, Dut. _grimmig_, Ice. _grimmr_.]

GRIMACE, gri-m[=a]s', _n._ a distortion of the face, in jest, &c.: a smirk.--_v.i._ to make grimaces.--_adj._ GRIMACED', with a grimace: distorted. [Fr.; of uncertain origin, perh. from Ice. _gríma_, a mask.]

GRIMALKIN, gri-mal'kin, _n._ an old cat, a cat generally. [_Gray_, and _malkin_, a dim. of _Moll_=Mary.]

GRIME, gr[=i]m, _n._ ingrained dirt.--_v.t._ to soil deeply.--_adv._ GRIM'ILY.--_n._ GRIM'INESS.--_adjs._ GRIM'-LOOKED (_Shak._), having a grim or dismal aspect; GRIM'Y, foul, dirty. [From a Teut. root seen in Dan. _grim_, soot, Fris. _grime_, a dark spot on the face.]

GRIMM'S LAW. See LAW.

GRIN, grin, _v.i._ to set the teeth together and withdraw the lips: to smile with some accompanying distortion of the features, expressive of derision, stupid admiration, &c.--_v.t._ to express by grinning:--_pr.p._ grin'ning; _pa.p._ grinned.--_n._ act of grinning: a forced or sardonic smile.--_p.adj._ GRIN'NING, making grins. [A.S. _grennian_; Ice. _grenja_, Ger. _greinen_, Dut. _grijnen_, to grumble, Scot. _girn_; allied to Eng. _groan_, Fr. _grogner_.]

GRIN, grin, _n._ a snare or trap. [A.S. _grín_.]

GRIND, gr[=i]nd, _v.t._ to reduce to powder by friction: to wear down or sharpen by rubbing: to rub together: to oppress or harass: to set in motion by a crank.--_v.i._ to be moved or rubbed together: to drudge at any tedious task: to read hard:--_pr.p._ gr[=i]nd'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ ground.--_n._ hard or distasteful work: laborious study for a special examination, &c.--_ns._ GRIND'ER, he who, or that which, grinds: a double or jaw tooth that grinds food: a coach or crammer of students for examination: a hard student; GRIND'ERY, a place where knives, &c., are ground, or where they are sold: shoemakers' materials; GRIND'ING, act or process of reducing to powder.--_p.adj._ harassing.--_n._ GRIND'STONE, a circular revolving stone for grinding or sharpening tools.--KEEP ONE'S NOSE TO THE GRINDSTONE, to subject one to severe continuous toil or punishment.--TAKE A GRINDER (_Dickens_), to put the left thumb to the nose, and to work a visionary coffee-mill round it with the right--a gesture of contempt. [A.S. _grindan_.]

GRINGO, gring'g[=o], _n._ an Englishman or American among Spanish-speaking Americans. [Sp. 'gibberish,' prob. _Griego_, Greek.]

GRIP, grip, _n._ a small ditch or trench, a drain.--Also GRIPE. [M. E. _grip_, _grippe_; cf. Low Ger. _gruppe_.]

GRIP, grip, _n._ grasp or firm hold with the hand, &c.: the handle or part by which anything is grasped: a mode of grasping, a particular mode of grasping hands for mutual recognition, as by Freemasons: a clutching device connecting a car with a moving traction-cable: oppression: pinching distress.--_v.t._ to take fast hold of, to grasp or gripe:--_pr.p._ grip'ping; _pa.p._ gripped, gript.--_v.t._ GR[=I]PE, to grasp with the hand: to seize and hold fast: to squeeze: to give pain to the bowels.--_n._ fast hold, grasp: forcible retention: a griffin: a usurer: (_pl._) severe spasmodic pain in the intestines.--_n._ GR[=I]P'ER.--_p.adj._ GR[=I]P'ING, avaricious: of a pain that catches or seizes acutely.--_adv._ GR[=I]P'INGLY, in a griping or oppressive manner.--_ns._ GRIPPE, influenza or epidemic catarrh; GRIP'PER, one who, or that which, grips.--_adj._ GRIP'PLE (_Spens._), griping, grasping: greedy.--_n._ a gripe.--_n._ GRIP'-SACK, a hand-satchel.--LOSE ONE'S GRIP, to lose hold or control. [A.S. _grípan_, _grap_, _gripen_; Ice. _grípa_, Ger. _grei'fen_, Dut. _grijpen_; allied to grab.]

GRIQUA, grek'wa, _n._ one of a mixed race in South Africa, descended from Boer fathers and Hottentot or Bush women.

GRISAILLE, gr[=e]-z[=a]l', _n._ a style of decorative painting in grayish tints in imitation of bas-reliefs: a stained-glass window in this style. [Fr.,--_gris_, gray.]

GRIS-AMBER, gris'-am'b[.e]r, _n._ (_Milt._)--ambergris.

GRISE, GRIZE. See GREE (_2_).

GRISELDA, gris-el'da, _n._ a woman of exemplary gentleness and patience, from the name of the heroine of a tale retold by Boccaccio, Petrarch, and Chaucer (_Clerkes Tale_).

GRISEOUS, gris'[=e]-us, _adj._ bluish-gray.

GRISETTE, gri-zet', _n._ a gay young Frenchwoman of the lower class. [Fr. _grisette_, a gray gown, which used to be worn by that class--_gris_, gray.]

GRISKIN, gris'kin, _n._ (_prov._) the spine of a hog. [Obs. _gris_, _grice_, a pig--Ice. _griss_, a young pig.]

GRISLED, griz'ld. Same as GRIZZLED.

GRISLY, griz'li, _adj._ frightful: hideous.--_n._ GRIS'LINESS. [A.S. _gryslíc_, _ágrísan_, to dread; Ger. _grässlich_.]

GRIST, grist, _n._ corn for grinding at one time: supply: profit.--_n._ GRIST'-MILL, a mill for grinding grain.--Bring grist to the mill, to be a source of profit. [A.S. _grist_, _gerst_, a grinding; from root of _grind_.]

GRISTLE, gris'l, _n._ a soft elastic substance in animal bodies--also called _Cartilage_.--_n._ GRIST'LINESS.--_adj._ GRIST'LY. [A.S. _gristle_--_grist_, grinding.]

GRIT, grit, _n._ the coarse part of meal: gravel: a kind of hard sandstone: firmness of character, spirit: (_pl._) oats coarsely ground, groats.--_ns._ GRIT'STONE; GRIT'TINESS.--_adj._ GRIT'TY, having hard particles: sandy: determined, plucky. [A.S. _greót_; Dut. _grut_, groats, Ger. _gries_, gravel.]

GRIT, grit, a Scotch form of _great_.

GRIZE. See GREE (2).

GRIZZLE, griz'l, _n._ a gray colour.--_adjs._ GRIZZ'LED, gray, or mixed with gray; GRIZZ'LY, of a gray colour.--_n._ the grizzly bear (_Ursus horribilis_) of the Rocky Mountains. [M. E. _grisel_--Fr. _gris_, gray--Mid. High Ger. _grís_, gray, Ger. _greis_.]

GROAN, gr[=o]n, _v.i._ to utter a moaning sound in distress: (_fig._) to be afflicted: to express disapprobation of a speaker by means of audible groans or similar sounds.--_n._ a deep moaning sound as of distress: a sound of disapprobation.--_adj._ GROAN'FUL (_Spens._), sad, agonising.--_n._ GROAN'ING, a deep moan as of pain: any low rumbling sound. [A.S. _gránian_.]

GROAT, grawt, or gr[=o]t, _n._ an English silver coin, worth fourpence--only coined after 1662 as Maundy money--the silver fourpenny-piece, coined from 1836-56, was not called a groat: a very small sum, proverbially. [Old Low Ger. _grote_, a coin of Bremen--orig. _grote sware_, 'great pennies,' as compared with the smaller copper coins, five to the groat.]

GROATS, gr[=o]ts, _n.pl._ the grain of oats deprived of the husks. [M. E. _grotes_, prob. Ice. _grautr_, barley; cog. with A.S. _grút_, coarse meal.]

GROBIAN, gr[=o]'bi-an, _n._ a boorish rude fellow. [Ger. _grob_, coarse; cf. _gruff_--Dut. _grof_.]

GROCER, gr[=o]s'[.e]r, _n._ a dealer in tea, sugar, &c.--_n._ GROC'ERY (generally used in _pl._), articles sold by grocers. [Earlier _grosser_ or _engrosser_, a wholesale dealer; O. Fr. _grossier_--_gros_, great.]

GROG, grog, _n._ a mixture of spirits and cold water, without sugar.--_ns._ GROG'-BLOSS'OM, a redness of the nose due to drinking; GROG'GERY (_U.S._), a low public-house; GROG'GINESS, state of being groggy; GROG'GING, extracting the spirit from the wood of empty spirit-casks with water.--_adj._ GROG'GY, affected by grog, partially intoxicated: (_boxing_) weak and staggering from blows: applied to a horse that bears wholly on his heels in trotting.--_n._ GROG'-SHOP, a dram-shop. [From 'Old Grog,' the nickname of Admiral Vernon, who introduced it about 1745--from his _grogram_ breeches.]

GROGRAM, grog'ram, _n._ a kind of coarse cloth of silk and mohair. [O. Fr. _grosgrain_.]

GROIN, groin, _n._ the part of the body on either side of the belly where the thigh joins the trunk: (_archit._) the angular curve formed by the crossing of two arches.--_v.t._ to form into groins, to build in groins.--_n._ GROIN'-CEN'TRING, the centring of timber during construction.--_adj._ GROINED, having angular curves made by the intersection of two arches.--_n._ GROIN'ING.--UNDERPITCH GROINING, a kind of vaulting used when the main vault of a groined roof is higher than the transverse intersecting vault, as in St George's Chapel, Windsor--sometimes called _Welsh groining_. [Ice. _grein_, division, branch--greina, to divide; Sw. _gren_, branch, space between the legs; Scot. _graine_, _grane_, the branch of a tree or river.]

GROIN, groin, _v.i._ (_obs._) to grunt, to growl. [O. Fr. _grogner_--L. _grunn[=i]re_, to grunt.]

GROLIER, gr[=o]'lye, _n._ a book or a binding from the library of the French bibliophile, Jean _Grolier_ (1479-1565).--_adj._ GROLIERESQUE', after the style of Grolier's bindings, with geometrical or arabesque figures and leaf-sprays in gold lines.

GROMMET, grom'et, _n._ a ring formed of a single strand of rope, laid in three times round, fastening the upper edge of a sail to its stay: a ship-boy. [O. Fr.]

GROMWELL, grom'wel, _n._ a herb of the borage family. [O. Fr. _grumel_--L. _grumulus_, a hillock.]

GROOM, gr[=oo]m, _n._ one who has the charge of horses: a title of several officers of the royal household: a bridegroom.--_v.t._ to tend, as a horse.--_n._ GROOMS'MAN, the attendant on a bridegroom at his marriage. [Prob. from A.S. _guma_ (in bride_groom_), a man, Goth. _guma_, Ice. _gumi_, L. _homo_.]

GROOVE, gr[=oo]v, _n._ a furrow, or long hollow, such as is cut with a tool.--_v.t._ to grave or cut a groove or furrow in. [Prob. Dut. _groef_, _groeve_, a furrow; cog. with Ger. _grube_, a pit, Ice. _gróf_, Eng. _grave_.]

GROPE, gr[=o]p, _v.i._ to search for something, as if blind or in the dark.--_v.t._ to search by feeling.--_adv._ GROP'INGLY, in a groping manner. [A.S. _grápian_, to seize; allied to _grab_, _gripe_.]

GROSBEAK, gr[=o]s'b[=e]k, _n._ a name applied to not a few highly specialised finches (_Fringillidæ_), with thick, heavy, seed-crushing bills--also to many other birds, as the cardinal grosbeaks and the rose-breasted grosbeak. [_Gross_ and _beak_.]

GROSCHEN, gr[=o]'shen, _n._ a small silver coin till 1873-76 current in the north of Germany, in value 1/30th of a thaler. [Ger.,--L. _grossus_, thick.]

GROSER, gr[=o]'ser, _n._ (_prov._) a gooseberry--(_Scot._) GROS'SART.--_adj._ GROSSUL[=A]'CEOUS, pertaining to the gooseberry. [See GOOSEBERRY.]

GROSS, gr[=o]s, _adj._ coarse: rough: dense: palpable, glaring, shameful: whole: coarse in mind: stupid: sensual: obscene.--_n._ the main bulk: the whole taken together: a great hundred--i.e. twelve dozen.--_adv._ GROSS'LY.--_n._ GROSS'NESS.--IN GROSS, in bulk, wholesale. [Fr. _gros_--L. _grossus_, thick.]

GROTESQUE, gr[=o]-tesk', _adj._ extravagantly formed: ludicrous.--_n._ (_art_) extravagant ornament, containing animals, plants, &c. not really existing.--_adv._ GROTESQUE'LY.--_ns._ GROTESQUE'NESS; GROTESQU'ERY. [Fr. _grotesque_--It. _grotesca_--_grotta_, a grotto.]

GROTIAN, gr[=o]'shi-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to Hugo _Grotius_ (1583-1645), the Latinised form of Huig van _Groot_, founder of the science of international law.--GROTIAN THEORY, the theory that man is essentially a social being, and that the principles of justice are of perpetual obligation and in harmony with his nature; GROTIAN, or GOVERNMENTAL, THEORY OF THE ATONEMENT, a divine acquittal for Christ's sake, rather than a real satisfaction on the part of Christ.

GROTTO, grot'[=o], _n._ a cave: a place of shade, for pleasure--also GROT:--_pl._ GROTT'OS--_n._ GROTT'O-WORK, a grotto-like structure. [It. _grotta_ (Fr. _grotte_)--L. _crypta_--Gr. _krypt[=e]_, a crypt.]

GROUND, grownd, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _grind_.

GROUND, grownd, _n._ the surface of the earth: a portion of the earth's surface: land, field, soil: the floor, &c.: position: field or place of action: (_lit._ or _fig._) that on which something is raised: foundation: sufficient reason: (_art_) the surface on which the figures are represented.--_v.t._ to fix on a foundation or principle: to instruct in first principles: to cover with a layer of plaster, &c., as a basis for painting: to coat with a composition, as a surface to be etched.--_v.i._ to strike the bottom and remain fixed.--_ns._ GROUND'AGE, the tax paid by a ship for the space occupied while in port; GROUND'-ANG'LING, fishing without a float, with a weight placed a few inches from the hook--called also _Bottom-fishing_; GROUND'-ASH, a sapling of ash; GROUND'-BAIT, bait dropped to the bottom of the water.--_adv._ GROUND'EDLY (_Browning_), on good grounds.--_ns._ GROUND'ER, at baseball, &c., a ball thrown low rather than rising into the air; GROUND'-FLOOR, the floor of a house on a level with the street or exterior ground; GROUND'-GAME, hares, rabbits, as distinguished from winged game; GROUND'-HOG, the American marmot, or woodchuck: the aardvark of Africa; GROUND'-HOLD (_Spens._), ground-tackle; GROUND-ICE, the ice formed at the bottom of a water first--also AN'CHOR-ICE; GROUND'ING, the background of embroidery, &c.; GROUND'-[=I]'VY, a common British creeping-plant whose leaves were once used for flavouring ale (_gill-ale_ or _gell-ale_).--_adj._ GROUND'LESS, without ground, foundation, or reason.--_adv._ GROUND'LESSLY.--_ns._ GROUND'LESSNESS; GROUND'LING, a fish which keeps near the bottom of the water, esp. the spinous loach: a spectator in the pit of a theatre---hence one of the common herd: (_pl._) the vulgar.--_adj._ (_Lamb_) base.--_ns._ GROUND'-NUT, ground-bean, or pea-nut, the fruit of the annual leguminous plant _Arachis hypogæa_; GROUND'-OAK, a sapling of oak; GROUND'-PLAN, plan of the horizontal section of the lowest or ground story of a building: GROUND'-PLOT, the plot of ground on which a building stands; GROUND'-RENT, rent paid to a landlord for the use of the ground for a specified term, usually in England ninety-nine years.--_n.pl._ GROUNDS, dregs of drink: sediment at the bottom of liquors (explained by Skeat as Celtic--Gael. _grunndas_, lees, _grunnd_, bottom, Ir. _gruntas_, _grunnt_, bottom).--_ns._ GROUND'SELL, GROUND'SILL, the timber of a building which lies next to the ground; GROUND-SQUIRR'EL, the chipmuck or hackee; GROUND'-SWELL, a broad, deep undulation of the ocean, proceeding from a distant storm; GROUND'-TACK'LE, the tackle necessary for securing a vessel at anchor; GROUND'WORK, that which forms the ground or foundation of anything: the basis: the essential part: the first principle.--GROUND ANNUAL, in the law of Scotland, an annual payment, sometimes called a rent-charge, made for land--a substitute for feu-duty.--BE ON ONE'S OWN GROUND, to be dealing with a matter in which one is specially versed; BREAK GROUND, to take the first step in any project; FALL TO THE GROUND, to come to nothing; GAIN GROUND, to advance, to obtain an advantage; GIVE GROUND, to yield advantage; LOSE GROUND, to retire, to lose advantage; SLIPPERY GROUND, an insecure footing; STAND, or HOLD, ONE'S GROUND, to stand firm. [A.S. _grund_; most prob. _grund-en_, pa.p. of _grindan_, and orig. meaning 'earth ground small;' cog. with Ger. _grund_, Ice. _grunnr_.]

GROUNDSEL, grownd'sel, _n._ an annual plant, about a foot high, with small yellow flowers. [A.S. _grundeswelge_--_grund_, ground, _swelgan_, to swallow.]

GROUP, gr[=oo]p, _n._ a number of persons or things together: a number of individual things related, in some definite way differentiating them from others: (_art_) a combination of figures forming a harmonious whole.--_v.t._ to form into a group or groups.--_v.i._ to fall into harmonious combination.--_n._ GROUP'ING (_art_), the act of disposing and arranging figures or objects in a group. [Fr. _groupe_--It. _groppo_, a bunch, knot--Teut.; cf. Ger. _kropf_, protuberance.]

GROUSE, grows, _n._ the heathcock or moorfowl, a plump bird with a short curved bill, short legs, and feathered feet, which frequents Scotch moors and hills--the _Scotch ptarmigan_, _red-grouse_: any bird of the family _Tetraonidæ_, and sub-family _Tetraoninæ_. [Prob. from the older _grice_ (on the analogy of _mouse_, _mice_)--O. Fr. _griesche_, gray.]

GROUT, growt, _n._ coarse meal: the sediment of liquor: lees: a thin coarse mortar: a fine plaster for finishing ceilings.--_n._ GROUT'ING, the filling up or finishing with grout: the stuff so used.--_adj._ GROUT'Y, thick, muddy: sulky. [A.S. _grút_, coarse meal; cog. with Dut. _grut_, Ice. _grautr_, porridge, Ger. _grütze_, groats.]

GROVE, gr[=o]v, _n._ a wood of small size, generally of a pleasant or ornamental character: an avenue of trees: (_B._) an erroneous translation of _Asherah_, the wooden upright image of the lewdly worshipped goddess Ashtoreth; also of Heb. _eshel_ in Gen. xxi. 33.--GROVES OF ACADEME, the shady walks of the Academy at Athens, any place of learned pursuits. [A.S. _gráf_, a grove--_grafan_, pa.t. _gróf_, to dig.]

GROVEL, grov'el, _v.i._ to crawl on the earth, esp. in abject fear, &c.: to be base or mean:--_pr.p._ grov'elling; _pa.p._ grov'elled.--_n._ GROV'ELLER.--_adj._ GROV'ELLING, mean. [Explained by Skeat as due to M. E. _groveling_, flat on the ground, properly an _adv._, also _grofling_--Ice. _grûfa_.]

GROW, gr[=o], _v.i._ to become enlarged by a natural process: to advance towards maturity: to increase in size: to develop: to become greater in any way: to extend: to improve: to pass from one state to another: to become.--_v.t._ to cause to grow: to cultivate:--_pa.t._ grew (gr[=oo]); _pa.p._ grown.--_ns._ GROW'ER; GROW'ING; GROWTH, a growing: gradual increase: progress: development: that which has grown: product.--GROW ON, to gain in the estimation of; GROW OUT OF, to issue from, result from: to pass beyond in development, to give up; GROW TO, to advance to; GROW TOGETHER, to become united by growth; GROW UP, to advance in growth, become full-grown; to take root, spring up. [A.S. _grówan_; Ice. _gróa_; conn. with _green_.]

GROWL, growl, _v.i._ to utter a deep, murmuring sound like a dog: to grumble surlily.--_v.t._ to express by growling.--_n._ a murmuring, snarling sound, as of an angry dog.--_ns._ GROWL'ER, one who growls: a fish of the Perch family, abundant in North American rivers, so named from the sound it emits: (_slang_) a four-wheeled cab: (_Amer._) a jug or pitcher used for carrying beer; GROWL'ING, grumbling, snarling: a rumbling sound.--_adv._ GROWL'INGLY. [Dut. _grollen_, to grumble; allied to Gr. _gryllizein_, to grunt.]

GROYNE, groin, _n._ a wooden breakwater. [GROIN.]

GRUB, grub, _v.i._ to dig in the dirt: to be occupied meanly: (_slang_) to eat.--_v.t._ to dig or root out of the ground (generally followed by up): (_slang_) to supply with victuals:--_pr.p._ grub'bing; _pa.p._ grubbed.--_n._ the larva of the beetle, moth, &c.: (_slang_) something to eat.--_n._ GRUB'BER, he who, or that which, grubs: an agricultural implement for grubbing out weeds, &c., or for clearing and stirring up the soil, with obliquely placed _tines_ or teeth set in a frame and moved forward on wheels.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ GRUB'BLE, to grope.--_n._ GRUB'-STREET, a street in London inhabited by booksellers' hacks and shabby writers generally.--_adj._ applied to any mean literary production. [Prob. A.S. _grápian_, to grope.]

GRUDGE, gruj, _v.t._ to murmur at: to look upon with envy: to give or take unwillingly.--_v.i._ to show discontent.--_n._ secret enmity or envy: an old cause of quarrel.--_adjs._ GRUDGE'FUL (_Spens._), full of grudge, envious; GRUDG'ING, given to grudge.--_adv._ GRUDG'INGLY, unwillingly. [M. E. _grochen_, _grucchen_--O. Fr. _grocer_, _groucer_, from an imitative root seen in Gr. _gry_, the grunt of a pig; also in _growl_, _grunt_.]

GRUEL, gr[=oo]'el, _n._ a thin food made by boiling oatmeal in water. [O. Fr. _gruel_ (Fr. _gruau_), groats--Low L. _grutellum_, dim. of _grutum_, meal--Old Low Ger. _grut_, groats, A.S. _grút_.]

GRUESOME, gr[=oo]'sum, _adj._ horrible: fearful: dismal, depressing.--_vs.i._ GRUE, GREW, to shudder: to feel horror or repulsiveness. [Scand.; Dan. _gru_, horror, with suff. _-som_; cf. Dut. _gruwzaam_, Ger. _grausam_.]

GRUFF, gruf, _adj._ rough, stern, or abrupt in manner: churlish.--_adv._ GRUFF'LY.--_n._ GRUFF'NESS. [Dut. _grof_; cog. with Sw. _grof_, Ger. _grob_, coarse.]

GRUM, grum, _adj._ morose: surly: deep in the throat, as a sound.--_adv._ GRUM'LY.--_n._ GRUM'NESS. [A.S. _grom_; cf. Dan. _grum_.]

GRUMBLE, grum'bl, _v.i._ to murmur with discontent: to growl: to rumble.--_n._ the act of grumbling.--_ns._ GRUM'BLER; GRUMBLET[=O]'NIAN, one of the country party as opposed to the court party, after 1689.--_adv._ GRUM'BLINGLY. [Old Dut. _grommelen_, freq. of _grommen_ to mutter.]

GRUME, gr[=oo]m, _n._ a thick consistence of fluid: a clot, as of blood.--_adjs._ GRUM'OUS, GRUM'OSE, thick: clotted. [O. Fr. _grume_, a bunch (Fr. _grumeau_, a clot)--L. _grumus_, a little heap.]

GRUMPH, grumf, _n._ (_Scot._) a grunt.--_v.i._ to grunt.--_n._ GRUMPH'IE, a sow.

GRUMPY, grum'pi, _adj._ surly: dissatisfied: melancholic.--_adv._ GRUM'PILY. [_Grumble_.]

GRUNDY, grund'i, MRS, the invisible _censor morum_ who is frequently appealed to in the phrase, 'But what will Mrs Grundy say?' in Thomas Morton's play, _Speed the Plough_ (1800).

GRUNT, grunt, _v.i._ to make a sound like a pig: to utter guttural sounds.--_n._ a short, guttural sound, as of a hog.--_ns._ GRUNT'ER; GRUNT'ING.--_adv._ GRUNT'INGLY. [M. E. _grunten_--A.S. _grunian_; cf. Ger. _grunzen_, L._ grunn[=i]re_; all imit.]

GRUTCH, gruch, _v.t._ or _v.i._ (_Spens._) to grudge.

GRUYÈRE, gr[=oo]-y[=a]r', _n._ a famous whole-milk cheese, made at _Gruyère_ and many other places in the canton of Freiburg, Switzerland.

GRYDE, gr[=i]d, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to gride.

GRYFON, GRYPHON, grif'on, _n._ obsolete forms of _griffin_.--Also GRYPE.

GRYPOSIS, gri-p[=o]'sis, _n._ a curvature, esp. of the nails.

GRYSIE, gr[=i]z'i, _adj._ (_Spens._) grisly: squalid: moist.

GUACHARO, gwä'chä-r[=o], _n._ the oil-bird, a South American nocturnal frugivorous goatsucker. [Sp.]

GUACHO, gwä'k[=o], _n._ a tropical American climbing composite: the medicinal substance in the leaves.

GUAIACUM, gw[=a]'ya-kum, _n._ a genus of trees in the West Indies, that yield a greenish resin used in medicine. [Sp. _guayaco_, from a Haytian word.]

GUAN, gwän, _n._ the yacou, a South American genus of large arboreal game-birds, giving loud cries.

GUANACO, gwä-nä'ko, _n._ a cameloid ruminant widely spread in South America.

GUANO, gwä'n[=o], _n._ the long-accumulated excrement of certain sea-fowl, found on certain coasts and islands, esp. about South America, much used for manure.--_adj._ GUANIF'EROUS.--_n._ GUÄ'NIN, a yellowish-white, amorphous substance, a constituent of guano, also of the liver and pancreas of mammals. [Sp. _guano_, or _huano_, from Peruv. _huanu_, dung.]

GUARANA, gwä-rä'na, _n._ a paste prepared from the pounded seeds of _Paullinia sorbilis_, a climbing Brazilian shrub, made in round or oblong cakes--_Guarana Bread_.

GUARANTEE, gar-an-t[=e]', GUARANTY, gar'an-ti, _n._ a warrant or surety: a contract to see performed what another has undertaken: the person who makes such a contract, one responsible for the performance of some action, the truth of some statement, &c.--_v.t._ to undertake that another shall perform certain engagements: to make sure:--_pr.p._ guarantee'ing; _pa.p._ guaranteed'.--_n._ GUAR'ANTOR, one who makes a guaranty.--GUARANTEE ASSOCIATIONS, joint-stock companies on the insurance principle, which become security for the integrity of cashiers, &c. [O. Fr. _garantie_, pa.p. of _garantir_, to warrant--_garant_, warrant. See WARRANT.]

GUARD, gärd, _v.t._ to ward, watch, or take care of: to protect from danger or attack: to protect the edge of, as by an ornamental border.--_v.i._ to watch: to be wary.--_n._ that which guards from danger: a man or body of men stationed to protect: one who has charge of a coach or railway-train: state of caution: posture of defence: part of the hilt of a sword: a watch-chain: (_pl._) troops attached to the person of a sovereign: (_cricket_) the pads which protect the legs from swift balls.--_adj._ GUARD'ABLE.--_n._ GUARD'AGE (_Shak._), wardship.--_adjs._ GUARD'ANT (_her._), having the face turned towards the beholder; GUARD'ED, wary: cautious: uttered with caution.--_adv._ GUARD'EDLY.--_ns._ GUARD'EDNESS; GUARD'HOUSE, GUARD'ROOM, a house or room for the accommodation of a guard of soldiers, where defaulters are confined; GUARD'IAN, one who guards or takes care of: (_law_) one who has the care of an orphan minor.--_adj._ protecting.--_n._ GUARD'IANSHIP.--_adj._ GUARD'LESS, without a guard: defenceless.--_ns._ GUARD'SHIP, a ship of war that superintends marine affairs in a harbour and protects it: (_Swift_) guardianship; GUARDS'MAN, a soldier of the guards.--GUARDIAN ANGEL, an angel supposed to watch over a particular person: a person specially devoted to the interests of another.--MOUNT GUARD, to go on guard-duty; ON, or OFF, ONE'S GUARD, on the watch, or the opposite; RUN THE GUARD, to get past a guard or sentinel without detection. [O. Fr. _garder_--Old High Ger. _warten_; A.S. _weardian_, Eng. _ward_.]

GUARISH, g[=a]r'ish, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to heal. [O. Fr. _guarir_ (Fr. _guérir_), to heal.]

GUAVA, gwä'va, _n._ a genus of trees and shrubs of tropical America, with yellow, pear-shaped fruit made into jelly. [Sp. _guayaba_--Braz.]

GUBBINS, gub'ins, _n.pl._ a half-savage race in Devonshire, described by the pastoral poet William Browne and by Fuller in his _Worthies_.

GUBERNATION, g[=u]-b[.e]r-n[=a]'shun, _n._ government, rule.--_adj._ GUBERNAT[=O]'RIAL. [L. _gubern[=a]re_, govern.]

GUDDLE, gud'l _v.t._ (_Scot._) to catch fish with the hands by groping under the stones or banks of a stream.

GUDGEON, guj'un, _n._ a genus of small, carp-like fishes common in the fresh waters of Europe--easily caught: a person easily cheated.--_adj._ foolish.--_v.t._ to impose on, cheat. [O. Fr. _goujon_--L. _gobion-em_--Gr. _k[=o]bios_. See GOBY.]

GUDGEON, guj'un, _n._ the bearing of a shaft, esp. when made of a separate piece: a metallic journal-piece let into the end of a wooden shaft: a pin. [O. Fr. _goujon_, the pin of a pulley.]

GUE, g[=u], _n._ a rude kind of violin used in Shetland.

GUEBRE, GUEBER, g[=e]'b[.e]r, _n._ a follower of the ancient Persian religion as reformed by Zoroaster. [Pers. _gabr_; see GIAOUR; cf. Ar. _kafir_, unbeliever.]

GUELDER-ROSE, gel'd[.e]r-r[=o]z, _n._ a species of _Viburnum_ with large white ball-shaped flowers--also called _Snowball-tree_. [From _Gueldres_ in Holland.]

GUELF, GUELPH, gwelf, _n._ one of a papal and popular party in Italy in the Middle Ages which was opposed to the emperors.--_adj._ GUELF'IC, belonging to the Guelfs, in modern times the royal family of Hanover and England. [The party names _Guelf_ and _Ghibelline_ are from _Welf_ and _Waiblingen_, two families which in the 12th century were at the head of two rival parties in the German Empire.]

GUERDON, g[.e]r'dun, _n._ a reward or recompense.--_v.t._ to reward. [O. Fr. _guerdon_, _guerredon_ (It. _guidardone_)--Low L. _widerdonum_, corr. from Old High Ger. _widarlón_ (A.S. _wiðerleán_)--_wider_ (A.S. _wiðer_), against, and _lón_ (A.S. _leán_), reward; or more prob. the latter part of the word is from L. _donum_, a gift.]

GUEREZA, ger'e-za, _n._ a large, long-haired, black-and-white African monkey, with a bushy tail.

GUERILLA, GUERRILLA, g[.e]r-ril'a, _n._ a mode of harassing an army by small bands adopted by the Spaniards against the French in the Peninsular war: a member of such a band.--_adj._ conducted by or conducting petty warfare. [Sp. _guerrilla_, dim. of _guerra_ (Fr. _guerre_)--Old High Ger. _werra_.]

GUERNSEY, g[.e]rn'zi, _n._ a sailor's closely-fitting knitted woollen shirt: one of a breed of dairy cattle from the island: the red-legged partridge. [From _Guernsey_ in the Channel Islands.]

GUESS, ges, _v.t._ to form an opinion on uncertain knowledge: to conjecture, to think.--_v.i._ to judge on uncertain knowledge: to conjecture rightly.--_n._ judgment or opinion without sufficient evidence or grounds.--_adj._ GUESS'ABLE, that may be guessed.--_n._ GUESS'ER, one who guesses or conjectures.--_adv._ GUESS'INGLY, by way of conjecture.--_n._ GUESS'WORK, work done by guess: random action. [M. E. _gessen_; cog. with Dut. _gissen_; Dan. _gisse_, Ice. _giska_, for _gitska_--_geta_, to get, think, A.S. _gitan_, whence Eng. _get_. See FORGET.]

GUEST, gest, _n._ a visitor received and entertained.--_n._ GUEST'-CHAM'BER (_B._), a chamber or room for the accommodation of guests.--_v.i._ GUEST'EN (_Scot._), to stay as a guest.--_adv._ GUEST'WISE, in the manner or capacity of a guest. [A.S. _gest_, _gæst_; allied to Dut. and Ger. _gast_, L. _hostis_, stranger, enemy.]

GUEUX, g[=u], _n.pl._ the name assumed by the confederation (1565) of nobles and others to resist the introduction of the Inquisition into the Low Countries by Philip II. of Spain. [Fr., 'beggars.']

GUFFAW, guf-faw', _v.i._ to laugh loudly.--_n._ a loud laugh. [From the sound.]

GUGGLE, gug'l, _v.i._ to make a noise with the mouth or throat, to gurgle. [Formed from _gurgle_.]

GUICOWAR. Same as GAIKWAR.

GUIDE, g[=i]d, _v.t._ to lead or direct: to regulate: to influence.--_n._ he who, or that which, guides: one who directs another in his course of life: a soldier or other person employed to obtain information for an army: a guide-book: anything calculated to maintain in a certain direction or position.--_adj._ GUID'ABLE.--_ns._ GUID'AGE, guidance; GUID'ANCE, direction: government; GUIDE'-BOOK, a book of information for tourists.--_adj._ GUIDE'LESS, having no guide.--_ns._ GUIDE'POST, a post erected at a roadside to guide the traveller; GUID'ER, one who guides, a director; GUID'ON, a forked guide-flag carried by a cavalry company or mounted battery, also the officer bearing it. [O. Fr. _guider_; prob. from a Teut. root, as in A.S. _witan_, to know, _wís_, wise, Ger. _weisen_, to show, conn. with _wit_, _wise_.]

GUILD, GILD, gild, _n._ an association of men for mutual aid: a corporation: (_orig._) an association in a town where payment was made for mutual support and protection.--_ns._ GUILD'-BROTH'ER, a fellow-member of a guild; GUILD'HALL, the hall of a guild, esp. in London; GUILD'RY (_Scot._), a guild, the members of such. [A.S. _gild_, money--_gildan_, to pay.]

GUILDER, GILDER, gild'[.e]r, _n._ an old Dutch and German gold coin: now a silver coin=1s. 8d.: (_Shak._) money generally. [Dut. _gulden_--Ger. _gulden_, gold.]

GUILE, g[=i]l, _n._ wile, jugglery: cunning: deceit.--_v.t._ (_Spens._) to beguile.--_p.adj._ GUILED, armed with deceit: treacherous.--_adj._ GUILE'FUL, crafty: deceitful.--_adv._ GUILE'FULLY.--_n._ GUILE'FULNESS.--_adj._ GUILE'LESS, without deceit: artless.--_adv._ GUILE'LESSLY.--_ns._ GUILE'LESSNESS; GUIL'ER (_Spens._), a deceiver. [O. Fr. _guile_, deceit; from a Teut. root, as in A.S. _wíl_, Ice. _vel_, a trick.]

GUILLEMOT, gil'e-mot, _n._ a genus of diving birds of the Auk family, with long, straight, feathered bill and very short tail. [Fr., prob. Celt.; Bret. _gwelan_, gull, and O. Fr. _moette_, a sea-mew, from Teut.]

GUILLOCHE, gil-losh', _n._ an ornament formed of two or more bands intertwining in a continued series.--_v.t._ to decorate with intersecting curved lines. [Fr.; said to be from the name of its inventor, _Guillot_.]

GUILLOTINE, gil'[=o]-t[=e]n, _n._ an instrument for beheading--consisting of an upright frame down which a sharp heavy axe descends on the neck of the victim--adopted during the French Revolution, and named after Joseph Ignace _Guillotin_ (1738-1814), a physician, who first proposed its adoption: a machine for cutting paper, straw, &c.: a surgical instrument for cutting the tonsils.--_v.t._ to behead with the guillotine.--_n._ GUILL'OTINEMENT, death by the guillotine.

GUILT, gilt, _n._ punishable conduct: the state of having broken a law: crime: wickedness.--_adv._ GUILT'ILY.--_n._ GUILT'INESS.--_adj._ GUILT'LESS, free from crime: innocent.--_adv._ GUILT'LESSLY.--_n._ GUILT'LESSNESS.--_adj._ GUILT'Y, justly chargeable with a crime: wicked: pertaining to guilt.--_adv._ GUILT'Y-LIKE (_Shak._), guiltily.--GUILTY OF (sometimes in _B._), deserving. [Orig. a payment or fine for an offence; A.S. _gylt_, guilt--_gildan_, to pay, to atone.]

GUILT, gilt, _p.adj._ (_Spens._) gilded.

GUINEA, gin'i, _n._ an English gold coin, no longer used=21s., so called because first made of gold brought from _Guinea_, in Africa.--_ns._ GUIN'EA-CORN, a cereal extensively cultivated in Central Africa and India--also _Indian millet_; GUIN'EA-FOWL, a genus of African birds in the pheasant family, having dark-gray plumage with round spots of white, generally larger on the back and under surface; GUIN'EA-GRASS, a grass of the same genus with millet, a native of _Guinea_ and Senegal; GUIN'EA-HEN (_Shak._), a courtesan; GUIN'EA-PEPP'ER (see PEPPER); GUIN'EA-PIG, a small South American rodent, somewhat resembling a small pig, the cavy: (_slang_) a professional company director, without time or real qualifications for the duties; GUIN'EA-WORM, a very slender thread-like nematode worm common in tropical Africa.

GUIPURE, g[=e]-p[=oo]r', _n._ a kind of lace having no ground or mesh, the pattern fixed by interlacing threads: a species of gimp. [Fr. _guipure_--O. Fr. _guiper_, prob. Teut.; cf. Goth. _veipan_, to weave.]

GUISE, g[=i]z, _n._ manner, behaviour: external appearance: dress.--_v.t._ (_arch._) to dress.--_v.i._ to act as a guiser.--_ns._ GUIS'ER (_Scot._), GUIS'ARD, a person in disguise: a Christmas mummer. [O. Fr. _guise_; from Old High Ger. _wísa_ (Ger. _weise_), a way, guise, which is cog. with A.S. _wíse_, way, _wís_, wise.]

GUITAR, gi-tär', _n._ a six-stringed musical instrument, somewhat like the lute, well adapted for accompanying the voice. [Fr. _guitare_--L. _cithara_--Gr. _kithara_, a lyre or lute. See CITHERN.]

GULA, g[=u]'la, _n._ a piece in some insects, esp. in the beetles, &c., forming the lower surface of the head, behind the mentum, bounded laterally by the genæ or cheeks: the upper part of a bird's throat, between mentum and jugulum.--_adj._ G[=U]'LAR. [L., 'throat.']

GULCH, gulch, _n._ (_U.S._) a ravine or narrow rocky valley, a gully.--_v.t._ (_prov._) to swallow greedily. [Prob. the _n._ and _v._ are connected.]

GULDEN, g[=oo]l'den, _n._ a certain gold or silver coin in Germany in the Middle Ages: the unit of account in Austria, having the value of about 2s. [Ger.]

GULES, g[=u]lz, _n._ (_her._) a red colour, marked in engraved figures by perpendicular lines.--_adj._ G[=U]'LY. [O. Fr. _gueules_; acc. to Brachet, from Pers. _ghul_, a rose; acc. to others, from L. _gula_, the throat.]

GULF, gulf, _n._ a hollow or indentation in the sea-coast: a deep place in the earth: an abyss: a whirlpool: anything insatiable: in Oxford and Cambridge examinations, the place of those next to the pass, but not bad enough to fail.--_v.t._ to engulf.--_n._ GULF'-WEED, a large olive-brown sea-weed with stalked air-bladders.--_adj._ GULF'Y, full of gulfs or whirlpools.--GULF STREAM, a great current of warm water flowing out of the Gulf of Mexico through the Strait of Florida, along the eastern coast of the United States of America, then deflected near the banks of Newfoundland diagonally across the Atlantic. [O. Fr. _golfe_--Late Gr. _kolphos_--Gr. _kolpos_, the bosom.]

GULL, gul, _n._ a web-footed sea-fowl belonging to the family _Laridæ_. [Celt.; Corn. _gullan_, W. _gwylan_, Bret. _gwelan_--_gwela_, to weep, to cry.]

GULL, gul, _v.t._ to beguile: to deceive.--_n._ a trick: one easily cheated: (_Shak._) a nestling.--_ns._ GULL'-CATCH'ER (_Shak._), a cheat; GULL'ER; GULL'ERY, imposture; GULLIBIL'ITY.--_adj._ GULL'IBLE, easily deceived.--_n._ GULLOS'ITY. [Same word as _gull_, a seafowl, the bird being thought stupid.]

GULLET, gul'et, _n._ the throat: the passage in the neck by which food is taken into the stomach.--_n._ GULOS'ITY, gluttony. [O. Fr. _goulet_, dim. of O. Fr. _goule_ (Fr. _gueule_)--L. _gula_, the throat.]

GULLY, gul'i, _n._ (_Scot._) a big knife.--Also GULL'EY.

GULLY, gul'i, _n._ a channel worn by running water: a ditch: a ravine.--_v.t._ to wear a gully or channel in.--_p.adj._ GULL'IED.--_ns._ GULL'Y-HOLE, a manhole into a drain, &c.; GULL'Y-HUNT'ER, one who picks up things from gutters. [Prob. _gullet_.]

GULP, gulp, _v.t._ to swallow eagerly or in large draughts.--_n._ a swallow: as much as is swallowed at once. [Dut. _gulpen_--_gulp_, a great draught.]

GUM, gum, _n._ the firm fleshy tissue which surrounds the teeth: (_slang_) insolence.--_n._ GUM'BOIL, a boil or small abscess on the gum. [A.S. _góma_, jaws; Ice. _gómr_, Ger. _gaumen_, palate.]

GUM, gum, _n._ a substance which exudes from certain trees and plants, and hardens on the surface, including those containing arabin, bassorin, and gum-resins.--_v.t._ to smear or unite with gum:--_pr.p._ gum'ming; _pa.p._ gummed.--_ns._ GUM'-AR'ABIC, a gum obtained from various species of acacia; GUM'-DRAG'ON, tragacanth; GUM'-ELAS'TIC, india-rubber or caoutchouc; GUM'-JU'NIPER, sandarac.--_adj._ GUMMIF'EROUS, producing gum.--_ns._ GUM'MINESS; GUM'MING, act of fastening with gum, esp. the application of gum-water to a lithographic stone: a disease, marked by a discharge of gum, affecting stone-fruit; GUMMOS'ITY, gumminess.--_adjs._ GUM'MOUS, GUM'MY, consisting of or resembling gum: producing or covered with gum.--_ns._ GUM'-RASH, red-gum; GUM'-RES'IN, a vegetable secretion formed of resin mixed with more or less gum or mucilage; GUM'-TREE, a name applied to various American and Australian trees; CHEW'ING-GUM (see CHEW). [O. Fr. _gomme_--L. _gummi_--Gr. _kommi_; prob. Coptic _kom[=e]_, gum.]

GUMBO, gum'b[=o], _n._ the okra or its mucilaginous pods: a soup of which okra is an ingredient, also a dish of okra-pods seasoned: Creole patois in Louisiana.

GUMPTION, gump'shun, _n._ sense: shrewdness: common-sense.--_adj._ GUMP'TIOUS. [Doubtless conn. with A.S. _gýman_, to observe; cf. Goth. _gaumjan_.]

GUN, gun, _n._ a firearm or weapon, from which balls or other projectiles are discharged, usually by means of gunpowder--now generally applied to cannon: one who carries a gun, a member of a shooting-party.--_v.i._ (_Amer._) to shoot with a gun.--_ns._ GUN'-BARR'EL, the barrel or tube of a gun; GUN'BOAT, a boat or small vessel of light draught, fitted to carry one or more guns; GUN'-CARR'IAGE, a carriage on which a gun or cannon is supported; GUN'-COTT'ON, an explosive prepared by saturating cotton with nitric acid; GUN'-FIRE (_mil._), the hour at which the morning or evening gun is fired; GUN'-FLINT, a piece of flint fitted to the hammer of a flint-lock musket; GUN'-MET'AL, an alloy of copper and tin in the proportion of 9 to 1, used in making guns; GUN'NAGE, the number of guns carried by a ship of war; GUN'NER, one who works a gun or cannon: (_naut._) a petty officer who has charge of the ordnance on board ship; GUN'NERY, the art of managing guns, or the science of artillery; GUN'NING, shooting game; GUN'-PORT, a port-hole; GUN'POWDER, an explosive powder used for guns and firearms; GUN'-ROOM, the apartment on board ship occupied by the gunner, or by the lieutenants as a mess-room; GUN'SHOT, the distance to which shot can be thrown from a gun.--_adj._ caused by the shot of a gun.--_adj._ GUN'-SHY, frightened by guns (of a sporting dog).--_ns._ GUN'SMITH, a smith or workman who makes or repairs guns or small-arms; GUN'STICK, a ramrod; GUN'STOCK, the stock or piece of wood on which the barrel of a gun is fixed; GUN'STONE (_Shak._), a stone, formerly used as shot for a gun; GUN'-TACK'LE (_naut._), the tackle used on board ship by which the guns are run to and from the port-holes; GUN'-WAD, a wad for a gun; GAT'LING-GUN, a revolving battery-gun, invented by R. J. _Gatling_ about 1861, usually having ten parallel barrels, capable of firing 1200 shots a minute; MACHINE'-GUN (see MACHINE).--AS SURE AS A GUN, quite sure, certainly; BLOW GREAT GUNS, to blow tempestuously--of wind; GREAT GUN, a cannon: (_coll._) a person of great importance; SON OF A GUN, a rogue, rascal. [M. E. _gonne_, from W. _gwn_, a bowl, a gun, acc. to Skeat.]

GUNNEL, gun'l, _n._ Same as GUNWALE.

GUNNY, gun'i, _n._ a strong coarse cloth manufactured in India from jute, and used as sacking. [Hind. _gon_, _goní_, sacking--Sans. _goní_, a sack.]

GUNTER'S SCALE. See SCALE.

GUNWALE, GUNNEL, gun'el, _n._ the wale or upper edge of a ship's side next to the bulwarks, so called because the upper guns are pointed from it.

GURGE, gurj, _n._ (_Milt._) a whirlpool. [L. _gurges_.]

GURGLE, gur'gl, _v.i._ to flow in an irregular noisy current: to make a bubbling sound. [Through an It. _gorgogliare_, from _gorgo_--L. _gurges_.]

GURGOYLE. Same as GARGOYLE.

GURLY, gur'li, _adj._ (_obs._) fierce, stormy.

GURNARD, gur'nard, _n._ a genus of fishes having the body rounded, tapering, and covered with small scales, an angular head, the eyes near the summit, and the teeth small and very numerous--(_obs._) GUR'NET. [From O. Fr. _grongnard_--_grogner_, to grunt--L. _grunn[=i]re_, to grunt.]

GURRAH, gur'a, _n._ a coarse Indian muslin.

GURRY, gur'i, _n._ fish-offal.

GURU, g[=oo]'r[=oo], _n._ a spiritual teacher, any venerable person.--Also GOO'ROO. [Hind.--Sans.]

GUSH, gush, _v.i._ to flow out with violence or copiously: to be effusive, or highly sentimental.--_n._ that which flows out: a violent issue of a fluid.--_n._ GUSH'ER, an oil-well not needing to be pumped.--_adj._ GUSH'ING, rushing forth with violence, as a liquid: flowing copiously: effusive.--_adv._ GUSH'INGLY.--_adj._ GUSH'Y, effusively sentimental. [Scand.; Ice. _gusa_, _gjósa_; Dut. _gudsen_. See GEYSER.]

GUSSET, gus'et, _n._ the piece of cloth in a shirt which covers the armpit: an angular piece of cloth inserted in a garment to strengthen some part of it.--_v.t._ to make with a gusset: to insert a gusset into. [O. Fr. _gousset_--_gousse_--It. _guscio_, a pod, husk.]

GUST, gust, _n._ a sudden blast of wind: a violent burst of passion.--_adjs._ GUST'FUL, GUST'Y, stormy: irritable.--_n._ GUST'INESS. [Ice. _gustr_, blast.]

GUST, gust, _n._ sense of pleasure of tasting: relish: gratification.--_n._ GUST[=A]'TION, the act of tasting: the sense of taste.--_adjs._ GUST'[=A]TIVE, GUS'T[=A]TORY, of or pertaining to gustation.--_n._ GUST'O, taste: zest. [L. _gustus_, taste; cf. Gr. _geuein_, to make to taste.]

GUT, gut, _n._ the alimentary canal: intestines prepared for violin-strings, &c. (gut for angling, see SILKWORM-GUT): (_pl._) the bowels.--_v.t._ to take out the bowels of: to plunder:--_pr.p._ gut'ting; _pa.p._ gut'ted.--_n._ GUT'-SCRAP'ER, a fiddler.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ GUT'TLE, to eat greedily. [A.S. _gut_, _geótan_, to pour; prov. Eng. _gut_, Ger. _gosse_, a drain.]

GUTTA, gut'a, _n._ a drop: one of the small drop-like ornaments on the under side of the mutules and regulæ of the Doric entablature: a small round colour-spot:--_pl._ GUTT'Æ.--_adjs._ GUTT'ATE, -D, containing drops: spotted. [L.]

GUTTA-PERCHA, gut'a-p[.e]rch'a, _n._ the solidified juice of various trees in the Malayan Islands. [Malay _gatah_, _guttah_, gum, _percha_, the tree producing it.]

GUTTER, gut'[.e]r, _n._ a channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying away water: a channel for water: (_print._) one of a number of pieces of wood or metal, grooved in the centre, used to separate the pages of type in a form: (_pl._) mud, dirt (_Scot._).--_v.t._ to cut or form into small hollows.--_v.i._ to become hollowed: to run down in drops, as a candle.--_ns._ GUTT'ER-BLOOD, a low-born person; GUTT'ER-SNIPE, a neglected child, a street Arab.--_adj._ GUTTIF'EROUS, exuding gum or resin. [O. Fr. _goutiere_--_goute_--L. _gutta_, a drop.]

GUTTURAL, gut'ur-al, _adj._ pertaining to the throat: formed in the throat: harsh or rasping in sound.--_n._ (_gram._) a letter pronounced in the throat or the back part of the mouth (_k_, _c_ hard, _q_, _g_, _ng_).--_v.t._ GUTT'URALISE, GUTT'URISE, to form (a sound) in the throat.--_adv._ GUTT'URALLY.--_n._ GUTT'URALNESS. [Fr.,--L. _guttur_, the throat.]

GUY, g[=i], _n._ (_naut._) a rope to steady any suspended weight.--_v.t._ to keep in position by a guy. [Sp. _guia_, a guide.]

GUY, g[=i], _n._ an effigy of _Guy_ Fawkes, dressed up grotesquely on the anniversary of the Gunpowder Plot (5th Nov.): an odd figure.

GUZZLE, guz'l, _v.i._ to eat and drink with haste and greediness.--_v.t._ to swallow with exceeding relish.--_n._ GUZZ'LER. [O. Fr. (_des-_) _gouziller_, to swallow down; _gosier_, the throat.]

GWINIAD, gwin'i-ad, _n._ a fresh-water fish of about 10 or 12 inches in length, found in some of the lakes of Wales and Cumberland--the _Fresh-water Herring_. [W.,--_gwyn_, white.]

GYGIS, j[=i]'jis, _n._ a genus of small terns, white, with black bill, long-pointed wings, and a slightly forked tail. [Gr. _gyg[=e]s_, a water-bird.]

GYMKHANA, jim-kä'na, _n._ a place of public resort for athletic games, &c., also a meeting for such sports. [A factitious word, according to Yule-Burnell, prob. based on _gend-kh[=a]na_ ('ball-house'), the usual Hind. name for an English racket-court.]

GYMNASIUM, jim-n[=a]'zi-um, _n._ a school for gymnastics: a school for the higher branches of literature and science: (_orig._) a public place or building where the Greek youths exercised themselves, with running and wrestling grounds, baths, and halls for conversation:--_pl._ GYMN[=A]'SIA.--_adj._ GYMN[=A]'SIAL.--_n._ GYMN[=A]'SIAST.--_adj._ GYMN[=A]'SIC.--_n._ GYM'NAST, one who teaches or practises gymnastics.--_adjs._ GYMNAS'TIC, -AL, pertaining to athletic exercises: athletic, vigorous.--_adv._ GYMNAS'TICALLY.--_n.pl._ used as _sing_. GYMNAS'TICS, athletic exercises, devised to strengthen the muscles and bones, esp. those of the upper half of the body: the art of performing athletic exercises.--_adj._ GYM'NIC (_Milt._). [L.,--Gr. _gymnasion_--_gymnazein_, _gymnos_, naked.]

GYMNOCARPOUS, jim-no-kär'pus, _adj._ (_bot._) having the fruit naked, or not invested with a receptacle. [Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _karpos_, fruit.]

GYMNOCITTA, jim-no-sit'a, _n._ a genus of crow-like American jays with naked nostrils. [Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _kitta_, _kissa_, a jay.]

GYMNOCLADUS, jim-nok'lad-us, _n._ a genus of North American trees, the pods slightly aperient. [Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _klados_, a branch.]

GYMNOGYNOUS, jim-noj'i-nus, _adj._ (_bot._) having a naked ovary. [Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _gyn[=e]_, female.]

GYMNORHINAL, jim-n[=o]-r[=i]'nal, _adj._ having the nostrils bare or unfeathered, as certain jays and auks. [Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _hris_, _hrin-os_, the nose.]

GYMNOSOPHIST, jim-nos'of-ist, _n._ the name given by the Greeks to those ancient Hindu philosophers who wore little or no clothing, and lived solitarily in mystical contemplation.--_n._ GYMNOS'OPHY. [Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _sophos_, wise.]

GYMNOSPERM, jim'n[=o]-sp[.e]rm, _n._ one of the lower or more primitive group of seed plants--also GYM'NOGEN.--_adj._ GYMNOSPER'MOUS (_bot._), having the seeds unenclosed in a capsule.--_n._ GYM'NOSPORE, a naked spore. [Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _sperma_, seed.]

GYMNOTUS, jim-n[=o]'tus, _n._ the most powerful of the electric fishes, occurring in the fresh waters of Brazil and Guiana.--Also _Electric eel_. [Formed from Gr. _gymnos_, naked, _n[=o]tos_, the back.]

GYNÆCEUM, GYNECIUM, jin-[=e]-s[=e]'um, _n._ an apartment in a large house exclusively appropriated to women. [Gr. _gyn[=e]_, a woman, _oikos_, a house.]

GYNANDRIA, ji-nan'dri-a, _n._ a Linnæan class of plants, in which the stamens are united with the pistil.--_n._ GYNAN'DER, a plant of the gynandria: a masculine woman.--_adjs._ GYNAN'DRIAN, GYNAN'DROUS. [Gr. _gyn[=e]_, a female, _an[=e]r_, _andros_, a man.]

GYNARCHY, jin'är-ki, _n._ government by a female. [Gr. _gyn[=e]_, a woman, _arch[=e]_, rule.]

GYNECIAN, GYNÆCIAN, ji-n[=e]'shi-an, _adj._ relating to women.--_adjs._ GYN[=E]'CIC, GYNÆ'CIC, pertaining to women's diseases.--_n._ GYNOE'CIUM, the collective pistils of a flower.

GYNECOCRACY, jin-[=e]-kok'ra-si, _n._ government by women--also GYNOC'RACY.--_adj._ GYNECRAT'IC. [Gr. _gyn[=e]_, a woman, _kratein_, to rule.]

GYNECOLOGY, GYNÆCOLOGY, jin-[=e]-kol'-o-ji, _n._ that branch of medicine which treats of the diseases and affections peculiar to woman and her physical organism.--_adj._ GYNECOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ GYNECOL'OGIST. [Gr. _gyn[=e]_, a woman, _legein_, to speak.]

GYNEOLATRY, j[=i]n[=e]-ol'at-ri, _n._ excessive worship of woman. [Gr. _gyn[=e]_, a woman, _latreia_, worship.]

GYNOPHORE, jin'o-f[=o]r, _n._ (_bot._) an elongation or internode of the receptacle of a flower.

GYP, jip, _n._ a male servant who attends to college rooms at Cambridge. [Perh. a contr. from _gypsy_; hardly from Gr. _gyps_, a vulture.]

GYPSUM, jip'sum, _n._ a valuable mineral of a comparatively soft kind, burned in kilns, and afterwards ground to a fine powder, called _plaster of Paris_.--_adjs._ GYP'SEOUS, of or resembling gypsum; GYPSIF'EROUS, producing or containing gypsum. [L.,--Gr. _gypsos_, chalk.]

GYPSY, GYPSYISM. See GIPSY.

GYRATE, j[=i]'r[=a]t, _v.i._ to whirl round a central point: to move round.--_adj._ (_bot._) winding round.--_n._ GYR[=A]'TION, act of whirling round a central point: a spiral motion.--_adjs._ GY'RATORY, GYR[=A]'TIONAL, moving in a circle. [L. _gyr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to move in a circle.]

GYRE, j[=i]r, _n._ a circular motion.--_n._ GY'RA, the richly embroidered border of a robe:--_pl._ GY'RÆ.--_adjs._ GY'RAL, whirling, rotating; GYROID'AL, spiral in arrangement or movement. [L. _gyrus_--Gr. _gyros_, a ring, round.]

GYRE-CARLIN, g[=i]r-kar'lin, _n._ (_Scot._) a witch. [Ice. _gýgr_, a witch, _karlinna_, a carline.]

GYRFALCON. See GERFALCON.

GYROMANCY, j[=i]'ro-man-si, _n._ divination by walking in a circle till dizziness caused a fall towards one direction or another. [Gr. _gyros_, a circle, _manteia_, divination.]

GYRON, GIRON, j[=i]'ron, _n._ (_her._) a bearing consisting of two straight lines drawn from any given part of the field and meeting in an acute angle in the fesse-point.--_adjs._ GYRONNET'TY, GYRON'NY, GIRON'NY. [Fr., acc. to Skeat, from the Old High Ger. _gérun_, accus. of _géro_, a spear, _gér_; cf. A.S. _gár_, a spear.]

GYROSCOPE, j[=i]'ro-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for the exhibition of various properties of rotation, and the composition of rotations.--_adj._ GYROSCOP'IC. [Gr. _gyros_, a circle, _skopein_, to see.]

GYROSE, j[=i]'r[=o]s, _adj._ (_bot._) turned round like a crook.

GYROSTAT, j[=i]'r[=o]-stat, _n._ an instrument contrived for illustrating the dynamics of rotating rigid bodies.--_adj._ GYROSTAT'IC. [Gr. _gyros_, round, _statikos_, static.]

GYRUS, j[=i]'rus, _n._ one of the rounded edges into which the surface of the cerebral hemisphere is divided by the fissures or sulci. [Gr. _gyros_, a circle.]

GYTE, g[=i]t, _adj._ (_Scot._) crazy, mad.

GYTE, g[=i]t, _n._ (_Scot._) a child: a first year's boy at Edinburgh High School. [Prob. a corr. of _get_, offspring.]

GYTRASH, g[=i]'trash, _n._ (_prov._) a ghost.

GYVE, j[=i]v, _v.t._ to fetter.--_n.pl._ GYVES, shackles, fetters. [M. E. _gives_, _gyves._ Of Celt. origin; cf. W. _gefyn_, Ir. _geimheal._]

* * * * *

H the eighth letter in our alphabet, its sound that of a strongly-marked continuous guttural, produced at the back of the palate, not existing in English, but heard in the Scotch _loch_ and the German _lachen_. In Old English _h_ was a guttural, or throat sound, but it gradually softened down to a spirant, and has now become almost a vowel: (_chem._) a symbol denoting hydrogen: in medieval Roman notation=200, [=H]=200,000.

HA, hä, _interj._ denoting surprise, joy, or grief; and, when repeated, laughter: in continued speech, often an involuntary sound expressive of hesitation. [Imit.]

HA', haw, _n._ (_Scot._) hall.

HAAF, häf, _n._ a deep-sea fishing-ground off the coast of Shetland.--_n._ HAAF'-FISH'ING, deep-sea fishing, as for cod. [Ice. _haf_, sea.]

HAAR, här, _n._ (_Scot._) a fog.

HABBLE, häb'l, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to perplex.--_v.i._ to stutter or stammer.--_n._ a perplexity, a squabble. [_Hobble_.]

HABEAS-CORPUS (_ad subjiciendum_), h[=a]'be-as-kor'pus, _n._ a writ to a jailer to produce the body of one detained in prison, and to state the reasons of such detention.--_n._ HABEN'DUM, the clause in a deed beginning 'habendum et tenendum' ('to have and to hold'), which determines the interest or estate granted by the deed. [L., lit. 'have the body,' from L. _hab[=e]re_, to have, and _corpus_, the body.]

HABENARIA, hab-[=e]-n[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of tuberous orchidaceous plants. [L. _habena_, a thong.]

HABERDASHER, hab'[.e]r-dash-[.e]r, _n._ a seller of small-wares, as ribbons, tape, &c.--_n._ HAB'ERDASHERY, goods sold by a haberdasher. [O. Fr. _hapertas_; ety. dub.; not Ice.]

HABERDINE, ha-ber-d[=i]n', _n._ (_obs._) dried salt cod. [Old Dut. _abberdaan_, also _labberdaen_; prob. from Le _Labourd_, or _Lapurdum_ (Bayonne).]

HABERGEON, ha-b[.e]r'je-un, _n._ a piece of armour to defend the neck and breast. [Fr. _haubergeon_, dim. of O. Fr. _hauberc_.]

HABILE, hab'il, _adj._ (_obs._) able, capable. [Fr.,--L. _habilis._ See ABLE.]

HABILIMENT, ha-bil'i-ment, _n._ a garment: (_pl._) clothing, dress.--_adjs._ HAB'ILABLE (_Carlyle_), capable of being clothed; HABIL'ATORY, having reference to dressing. [Fr. _habillement_--_habiller_, to dress--L. _habilis_, fit, ready--_hab[=e]re_.]

HABILITATION, ha-bil-i-t[=a]'shun, _n._ (_Bacon_) qualification: (_U.S._) the act of supplying money to work a mine.--_n._ HABILIT[=A]'TOR, one who does so.--_v.i._ HABIL'ITATE, to acquire certain necessary qualifications, esp. for the office of teacher in a German university (Ger. _habilitiren_). [Low L. _habilitation -em_--L. _habilis_, able.]

HABILITY, ha-bil'i-ti, _n._ an obsolete form of _ability_.

HABIT, hab'it, _n._ ordinary course of conduct: tendency to perform certain actions: general condition or tendency, as of the body: practice: custom: outward appearance: dress, esp. any official or customary costume: a garment, esp. a tight-fitting dress, with a skirt, worn by ladies on horseback.--_v.t._ to dress:--_pr.p._ hab'iting; _pa.p._ hab'ited.--_adj._ HAB'ITED, clothed, dressed.--_ns._ HAB'IT-MAK'ER, one who makes women's riding-habits; HAB'IT-SHIRT, a thin muslin or lace under-garment worn by women on the neck and shoulders, under the dress.--_adj._ HABIT'[=U]AL, formed or acquired by frequent use: customary.--_adv._ HABIT'[=U]ALLY.--_v.t._ HABIT'[=U][=A]TE, to cause to acquire a habit: to accustom.--_ns._ HABIT[=U][=A]'TION; HAB'IT[=U]DE, tendency from acquiring a habit: usual manner; HABITUÉ (hab-it'[=u]-[=a]), a habitual frequenter of any place of entertainment, &c.--HABIT AND REPUTE, a phrase in Scotch law to denote something so notorious that it affords strong and generally conclusive evidence of the facts to which it refers; HABIT OF BODY, the general condition of the body as outwardly apparent: any constitutional tendency or weakness. [Fr.,--L. _habitus_, state, dress--_hab[=e]re_, to have.]

HABITABLE, hab'it-a-bl, _adj._ that may be dwelt in.--_ns._ HABITABIL'ITY, HAB'ITABLENESS.--_adv._ HAB'ITABLY.--_ns._ HAB'ITANT, an inhabitant; HAB'ITAT, the natural abode or locality of an animal or plant: place of abode generally; HABIT[=A]'TION, act of inhabiting: a dwelling or residence: a group, lodge, company, as of the so-called 'Primrose League.' [Fr.,--L. _habitabilis_--_habit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to inhabit, freq. of _hab[=e]re_, to have.]

HABLE, h[=a]'bl, _adj._ (_Spens._). Same as HABILE.

HACHEL, hach'el, _n._ (_Scot._) a sloven.

HACHURE, hash'[=u]r, _n._ Same as HATCHING.

HACIENDA, as-i-en'da, _n._ an estate or establishment. [Sp.,--L. _facienda_, things to be done, _fac[)e]re_, to do.]

HACK, hak, _v.t._ to cut: to chop or mangle: to notch: to kick (another) at football.--_n._ a cut made by hacking: a kick on the shin.--_n._ HACK'ING, the operation of picking a worn grindstone, &c., with a hack-hammer.--_adj._ short and interrupted, as a broken, troublesome cough.--_n._ HACK'-LOG, a chopping-block. [A.S. _haccian_, in composition _tó-haccian_; cf. Dut. _hakken_, Ger. _hacken._]

HACK, hak, _n._ a horse kept for hire, esp. a poor one: any person overworked on hire: a literary drudge.--_adj._ hired, mercenary: used up.--_v.t._ to offer for hire: to use roughly.--_n._ HACK'-WORK, literary drudgery for which a person is hired by a publisher, as making dictionaries, &c. [Contr. of _hackney_.]

HACK, hak, _n._ a grated frame, as a rack for feeding cattle, a place for drying bricks, &c. [_Hatch_.]

HACKBERRY, hak'ber-i, _n._ an American tree, allied to the elm. [See HAGBERRY.]

HACKBUT, hak'but, _n._ an arquebuse--also HAG'BUT.--_n._ HACKBUTEER'. [O. Fr. _haquebute_, from Dut. _haakbus._ See ARQUEBUSE.]

HACKEE, hak'[=e], _n._ the United States chipmuck or ground-squirrel. [Imit.]

HACKERY, hak'er-i, _n._ a native bullock-cart. [Hind. _chhakr[=a]_, a cart.]

HACKLE, hak'l, _n._ an instrument with iron teeth for sorting hemp or flax: any flimsy substance unspun: a feather in a cock's neck: part of the dressing of a fly-hook used by anglers.--_v.t._ to dress with a hackle, as flax: to tear rudely asunder.--_n._ HACK'LER, a flax-dresser, heckler.--_adj._ HACK'LY, rough and broken, as if hacked or chopped: (_min._) covered with sharp points. [Cf. Dut. _hekel_, Ger. _hechel_.]

HACKLET, hak'let, _n._ a kind of sea-bird, prob. the shear-water--also HAG'LET.--The HAGDEN is the Greater Shear-water (_Puffinus major_).

HACKNEY, hak'ni, _n._ a horse for general use, esp. for hire: (_obs._) a person hired for any mean work.--_v.t._ to carry in a hackney-coach: to use much: to make commonplace.--_adjs._ HACK'NEY, HACK'NEYED, let out for hire: devoted to common use: much used.--_ns._ HACK'NEY-COACH, a coach let out for hire; HACK'NEY-COACH'MAN; HACK'NEYMAN, one who keeps hackney horses. [O. Fr. _haquenee_, an ambling nag; further history unknown.]

HACQUETON (_Spens._). A form of _acton_.

HAD, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _have_: (_B._) held.--_ns._ HAD'DING, HAD'DIN (_Scot._), a holding, residence.

HADDOCK, had'uk, _n._ a sea-fish of the cod family--(_Scot._) HADD'IE. [M. E. _haddoke_; ety. unknown.]

HADE, h[=a]d, _n._ (_min._) the dip or underlie of a lode or fault.--_v.i._ to underlay or incline from the vertical.

HADES, h[=a]'d[=e]z, _n._ the unseen world: the abode of the dead indefinitely, hell. [Gr. _haid[=e]s_, _had[=e]s_, dubiously derived from _a_, neg., and _idein_, to see.]

HADITH, had'ith, _n._ the body of traditions about Mohammed, supplementary to the Koran. [Ar.]

HADJ, HAJJ, haj, _n._ a Mohammedan pilgrimage to Mecca or Medina.--_ns._ HADJI, HAJJI (haj'i), one who has performed a Hadj. [Ar., 'a pilgrimage.']

HADROSAURUS, had-r[=o]-sä'rus, _n._ a very large Dinosaurian of the Cretaceous epoch--abundant in New Jersey. [Gr. _hadros_, thick, _sauros_, a lizard.]

HAE, h[=a], a Scotch form of _have._

HÆCCEITY, hek-s[=e]'i-ti, h[=e]k-, _n._ Duns Scotus's word for that element of existence on which individuality depends, hereness-and-nowness. [Lit. 'thisness,' L. _hæc_.]

HÆMACYTE, HEM-, h[=e]'ma-s[=i]t, _n._ a blood-corpuscle.--_n._ HÆMACYTOM'ETER, an instrument for determining the number of such in a given quantity of blood.

HÆMADYNAMICS, HEM-, h[=e]-ma-di-nam'iks, _n._ the dynamics or theory of the circulation of the blood.

HÆMAL, HEMAL, h[=e]'mal, _adj._ relating to the blood or blood-vessels: ventral, the opposite of _Neural_.--_n._ HÆ'MACHROME, the colouring matter of the blood.--_adj._ HÆ'MATOID, resembling blood.--HÆMAL ARCH, the position of a vertebra enclosing and protecting the heart and other viscera; HÆMAL CAVITY, the thoracic-abdominal cavity, containing the heart, &c. [Gr. _haima_, blood.]

HÆMANTHUS, h[=e]-man'thus, _n._ a genus of bulbous plants native to Africa, including the Cape tulip. [Gr. _haima_, blood, _anthos_, a flower.]

HÆMASTATIC, HEM-, -AL, h[=e]-ma-stat'ik, -al, _adj._ serving to stop the flow of blood.--_n.pl._ HÆMASTAT'ICS, the statics of the blood and blood-vessels. [Gr. _haima_, blood, _statikos_, static.]

HÆMATEIN, HEM-, h[=e]-ma-t[=e]'in, _n._ an organic principle derived from the colouring matter of logwood.

HÆMATEMESIS, h[=e]-ma-tem'e-sis, _n._ a vomiting of blood from the stomach. [Gr. _haima_, _haimat-os_, blood, _emein_, to vomit.]