Chapter I: O U, =i'=o'=u', n. a memorandum of debt given by a borrower to a (3)

KEY, k[=e], _n._ an instrument for shutting or opening a lock: that by which something is screwed or turned: the middle stone of an arch: a piece of wood let into another piece crosswise to prevent warping: (_mus._) one of the small levers in musical instruments for producing notes: the fundamental note of a piece of music: that which explains a mystery: a book containing answers to exercises, &c.--_ns._ KEY'BOARD, the keys or levers in a piano or organ arranged along a flat board; KEY'-B[=U]'GLE, a bugle with keys, having a compass of two octaves including semitones.--_adjs._ KEY'-COLD (_Shak._), cold as a key, lifeless; KEYED, furnished with keys, as a musical instrument: set to a particular key, as a tune.--_ns._ KEY'HOLE, the hole in which a key of a door, &c., is inserted; KEY'NOTE, the key or fundamental note of a piece of music; any central principle or controlling thought; KEY'-PIN, the pivot on which a pipe-key turns: a pin serving as fulcrum for a key of an organ, &c.; KEY'-PLATE, the escutcheon around a keyhole; KEY'RING, a ring for holding a bunch of keys; KEY'-SEAT, a groove for receiving a key, to prevent one piece of machinery from turning on another; KEY'STONE, the stone at the apex of an arch: the chief element in any system.--HAVE THE KEY OF THE STREET (_coll._), to be locked out: to be homeless; POWER OF THE KEYS, the power to loose and bind, to administer ecclesiastical discipline--a special authority conferred by Christ on Peter (Matt. xvi. 19), or Peter in conjunction with the other apostles, and claimed by the popes as the alleged successors to St Peter. Others explain it as belonging only to the apostles themselves, as descending to the bishops and clergy of the Christian Church, or as belonging to all Christ's disciples alike. [A.S. _cæg_, a key.]

KEY, k[=e], _n._ (_Dryden_). Same as QUAY.

KEY, k[=e], _n._ a low island near the coast.--Also CAY.

KEYS, k[=e]z, _n.pl._ a contraction of HOUSE OF KEYS, a house of 24 representatives constituting the lower branch of the Legislature (Court of Tynwald) of the Isle of Man, self-elective down to 1866. [Manx _kiare-as-feed_, four-and-twenty.]

KHAKI, kä'ki, _adj._ dust-coloured.--_n._ a light drab cloth used for some East Indian and other uniforms.

KHALIF. See CALIF.

KHAMSIN, kam'sin, _n._ a hot south-west wind in Egypt, blowing for about fifty days from about the middle of March. [Ar.]

KHAN, kan, _n._ an Eastern inn, a caravansary. [Turk.,--Pers. _kh[=a]na_, a house, a tent.]

KHAN, kan, _n._ in North Asia, a prince or chief: in Persia, a governor.--_n._ KHAN'ATE, the dominion or jurisdiction of a khan. [Pers. _kh[=a]n_, lord or prince, a Tartar word.]

KHEDIVE, ked-[=e]v', _n._ the title since 1867 of the viceroy or ruler of Egypt.--_n._ KHEDI'VIATE, the office of the khedive, or his territory. [Fr.,--Pers. _khad[=i]w_, prince.]

KHEL, kel, _n._ in Afghanistan, a clan or family connection--a sociological group between the tribe and the family.

KHITMUTGAR, kit'mut-gar, _n._ a table-servant, under-butler. [Hind.]

KHUTBAH, kut'ba, _n._ a Mohammedan prayer and sermon delivered in the mosques on Fridays.--Also KHOT'BAH.

KIAUGH, ky[=o]h, _n._ (_Scot._) care, trouble.

KIBBLE, kib'l, _n._ the bucket of a draw-well.--_n._ KIBB'LE-CHAIN, the chain for drawing up a bucket.

KIBE, k[=i]b, _n._ a chilblain. [W. _cibwst_, from _cib_, a cup, _gwst_, a disease.]

KIBITKA, ki-bit'ka, _n._ a Russian wagon. [Russ.]

KIBLAH, kib'la, _n._ the point toward which Mohammedans turn in prayer.--Also KEB'LAH.

KICK, kik, _v.t._ to hit with the foot.--_v.i._ to thrust out the foot with violence: to show opposition or resistance: (of a gun) to recoil violently (see also BULLET): (_print._) to work a press by impact of the foot on a treadle.--_n._ a blow with the foot: the turn of kicking the ball at football, the person who kicks or kicks off: the recoil of a gun: (_slang_) fashion.--_adj._ KICK'ABLE.--_ns._ KICK'ER, one who kicks, esp. a horse; KICK'-OFF, the first kick in a game of football; KICK'-UP, a disturbance.--KICK OVER THE TRACES, to throw off control; KICK, or STRIKE, THE BEAM, to rise, as the lighter scale of a balance, so as to strike against the beam--hence to be of little weight or importance; KICK THE BUCKET (see BUCKET); KICK UP A DUST or ROW, to create a disturbance.--DROP KICK, a kick made as the ball, dropped from the hand, rebounds from the ground; PLACE KICK, a kick made when the ball is lying on the ground. [M. E. _kiken_--W. _cicio_, to kick, Gael. _ceig_.]

KICKSHAWS, kik'shawz, _n._ something uncommon or fantastical that has no name: (_cook._) a fantastical dish. [Corr. of Fr. _quelque chose_, something.]

KICKSY-WICKSY, kik'si-wik'si, _adj._ flickering, uncertain.--_n._ (_Shak._) a wife.

KID, kid, _n._ a young goat: (_slang_) a child, esp. a boy: (_pl._) gloves of kid leather.--_adj._ made of kid leather or imitation kid leather.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to bring forth a goat:--_pr.p._ kid'ding; _pa.p._ kid'ded.--_ns._ KID'-FOX (_Shak._), a young fox; KID'LING, a young kid. [Dan. _kid_; cf. Ice. _kidh_; Ger. _kitze_, a young goat.]

KID, kid, _n._ a small tub.--Also KIT.

KID, kid, _n._ a fagot, a bundle of sticks. [Prob. W. _cidys_, fagots.]

KID, kid, _v.t._ and _v.i._ (_slang_) to hoax--also KID'DY.--_n._ a deception. [Perh. conn. with _kid_, a child.]

KIDDER, kid'er, _n._ a forestaller, huckster.

KIDDERMINSTER, kid'[.e]r-min-st[.e]r, _n._ a kind of carpet (_two-ply_ or _ingrain carpet_), from the town.

KIDDLE, kid'l, _n._ a stake-fence set in a stream for catching fish.--Also KID'EL, KETT'LE. [O. Fr. _quidel_; prob. Bret. _kidel_.]

KIDNAP, kid'nap, _v.t._ to steal, as a human being:--_pr.p._ kid'napping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ kid'napped.--_n._ KID'NAPPER. [Vulgar _kid_ (old thieves' cant, _kinchin_--Ger. _kindchen_), a child, and vulgar _nab_, to steal.]

KIDNEY, kid'ni, _n._ one of two flattened glands, on each side of the loins, which secrete the urine: temperament, humour, disposition--hence, sort or kind, as in 'of the same kidney,' &c.--_ns._ KID'NEY-BEAN, a kind of bean shaped like a kidney; KID'NEY-POT[=A]'TO, one of various kidney-shaped varieties of the common potato; KID'NEY-VETCH, a genus of leguminous plants, the only British species being called Lady's Fingers; KID'NEY-WORT, a plant of the genus Saxifrage. [M. E. _kidnere_--Ice. _kviðr_, the womb, the belly, Ice. _nýra_ (Ger. _niere_, a kidney).]

KIE-KIE, k[=i]'k[=i], _n._ a New Zealand high-climbing shrub.

KIESELGUHR, k[=e]'zl-g[=u]r, _n._ the mineral remains of a species of algæ, used in the manufacture of dynamite. [Ger.,--_kiesel_, flint, _guhr_, fermentation.]

KIKUMON, kik'[=oo]-mon, _n._ a badge or crest of the imperial family of Japan, consisting of an open chrysanthemum flower.

KILDERKIN, kil'd[.e]r-kin, _n._ a small barrel: a liquid measure of 18 gallons. [Old Dut. _kindeken_, _kinneken_ (Scot. _kinken_), dim. of Dut. _kind_, a child.]

KILERG, kil'erg, _n._ a thousand ergs.

KILEY, k[=i]'le, _n._ a boomerang.--Also KY'LEY.

KILL, kil, _v.t._ to put to death, to slay: to nullify or neutralise, to weaken or dilute, to render inactive: to reject, discard: to fascinate, overcome.--_n._ the act of killing, as game.--_ns._ KILL'-COURT'ESY (_Shak._), a discourteous, boorish person; KILL'-CROP, a changeling; KILL'ER, one who kills, a slaughterer or butcher: a club for killing fish: a ferocious delphinid which sometimes attacks the whale.--_p.adj._ KILL'ING, depriving of life: destructive: deadly, irresistible: completely fascinating.--_n._ and _adj._ KILL'JOY, a mar-sport, austere.--KILL BY INCHES, by gradual means, as by torture; KILL OFF, to exterminate; KILL TIME, to consume spare time, as with amusements, &c.; KILL TWO BIRDS WITH ONE STONE, to effect one thing by the way, or by the same means with which another thing is done; KILL UP (_Shak._), to exterminate.--KILLING TIMES, the days of the persecution of the Covenanters.--DO A THING TO KILL, in an irresistible manner. [M. E. _killen_ or _cullen_--Ice. _kolla_, to hit on the head--_kollr_, the head; not a doublet of _quell_.]

KILLADAR, kil'a-dar, _n._ the commandant of a fort or garrison. [Hind.]

KILLAS, kil'as, _n._ clay slate, in Cornwall.

KILLDEE, kil'd[=e], _n._ the largest variety of North American ring-plover. [Imit.]

KILLOCK, kil'ok, _n._ a small anchor, the fluke of such.

KILLOGIE, ki-l[=o]'gi, _n._ (_Scot._) the furnace of a kiln.

KILLUT, kil'ut, _n._ in India, a robe of honour given: any ceremonial present.--Also KELL'AUT.

KILMARNOCK, kil-mar'nok, _n._ a kind of closely woven broad bonnet, having a peak of the same material at the top, originally made at _Kilmarnock_.--KILMARNOCK COWL, a kind of nightcap.

KILN, kil, _n._ a large oven in which corn, bricks, hops, &c. are dried: bricks placed for burning.--_v.t._ KILN'-DRY, to dry in a kiln.--_n._ KILN'-HOLE, the mouth of a kiln. [A.S. _cyln_ (Ice. _kylna_, a drying-house for corn)--L. _culina_, a kitchen.]

KILOGRAMME, kil'o-gram, _n._ a French measure of weight, equal to 1000 grammes, or 2-1/5 lb. avoirdupois. [Gr. _chilioi_, 1000, _gramma_, a weight.]

KILOLITRE, kil'o-l[=e]-tr, _n._ 1000 litres.

KILOMETRE, kil'o-m[=e]-tr, _n._ a French measure, being 1000 metres, or nearly 5/8 of a mile. [Fr.,--Gr. _chilioi_, 1000, _metron_, a measure.]

KILT, kilt, _n._ a kind of short petticoat or plaited skirt, forming part of the Highland dress.--_v.t._ (_Scot._) to truss up.--_adj._ KILT'ED, dressed in a kilt.--_n._ KILT'IE, one wearing a kilt, a soldier in a Highland regiment. [Northern Eng. _kilt_, to tuck up, from Dan. _kilte_, to tuck up: cf. Ice. _kilting_, a skirt.]

KILT, kilt, (_Spens._) _pa.p._ of kill.

KILTER, kil't[.e]r, _n._ order, proper condition--in phrase, 'out of kilter.'--Also KEL'TER.

KIMBO, kim'bo, _n._ Same as AKIMBO.

KIMONO, ki-m[=o]'n[=o], _n._ a loose robe, fastening with a sash, the principal outer garment in Japan.

KIN, kin, _n._ persons of the same family: relatives: relationship: affinity.--_adj._ related.--_adj._ KIN'LESS, without relations.--NEXT OF KIN, the relatives (lineal or collateral) of a deceased person, among whom his personal property is distributed if he dies intestate; Of kin, of the same kin. [A.S. _cynn_; Ice. _kyn_, Goth. _kuni_, family, race; cog. with L. _genus_, Gr. _genos_.]

KINCHIN, kin'chin, _n._ a child in thieves' slang.--_n._ KIN'CHIN-MORT, a child, generally a girl.--KINCHIN LAY, the robbing of children. [Cf. _kidnap_.]

KINCOB, kin'kob, _n._ a rich silk-stuff made in India.

KIND, k[=i]nd, _n._ those of kin, a race: sort or species, a particular variety: nature: style, method of action, character: produce, as distinguished from money.--_adj._ having the feelings natural for those of the same family: disposed to do good to others: benevolent.--_adj._ KIND'-HEART'ED.--_n._ KIND'-HEART'EDNESS.--_adj._ KIND'LESS (_Shak._), destitute of kindness, unnatural.--_n._ KIND'NESS.--_adj._ KIND'-SPOK'EN, spoken kindly: given to speaking kindly.--KIND OF (_coll._), somewhat, to some extent--used adverbially with adjectives and even verbs.--DO ONE'S KIND (_Shak._), to act according to one's nature; IN A KIND, in a way, to some extent; IN KIND, payment in goods instead of money. [A.S. _cynde_--_cynn_, kin.]

KIND, kind, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to beget. [From _kin_.]

KINDERGARTEN, kin'd[.e]r-gär'tn, _n._ an infant school on Froebel's principle (1826), in which object-lessons and games figure largely.--_n._ KINDERGART'NER, a teacher in a kindergarten. [Ger. _kinder_, children, _garten_, garden.]

KINDLE, kin'dl, _v.t._ to set fire to: to light: to inflame, as the passions: to provoke: to excite to action.--_v.i._ to take fire: to begin to be excited: to be roused.--_ns._ KIN'DLER; KIN'DLING, the act of causing to burn: the materials for commencing a fire. [Ice. _kyndyll_, a torch--L. _candela_, candle.]

KINDLE, kin'dl, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to bring forth (young). [M. E. _kindlen_--_kinde_, kind.]

KINDLY, k[=i]nd'li, _adj._ natural: benevolent: (_orig._) belonging to the kind or race.--_n._ KIND'LINESS.--_adv._ KIND'LY.--_adj._ KIND'LY-N[=A]'TURED.--KINDLY TENANT (_Scot._), a tenant of the same stock as his landlord, or who held his lands in succession, from father to son, for several generations.

KINDRED, kin'dred, _n._ relationship by blood, less properly, by marriage: relatives: (_pl._, _B._) families.--_adj._ related: congenial. [M. E. _kinrede_--A.S. _cynn_, kin, and the suffix _-ræden_, expressing mode or state.]

KINE, k[=i]n, _n.pl._ (_B._) cows. [M. E. _ky-en_, a doubled plural of A.S. _cú_, a cow, the plural of which is _cý_; cf. Scotch _kye_.]

KINEMATICS, kin-e-mat'iks, _n._ the science which treats of motion without reference to force.--_adjs._ KINEMAT'IC, -AL. [Gr. _kin[=e]ma_, _-atos_, motion--_kinein_, to move.]

KINEMATOGRAPH, kin-e-mat'o-graf, _n._ an arrangement by which a numerous series of photographs, taken at rapid intervals, and representing some moving scene, is shown on a screen at the same rapid rate at which they were taken, giving a moving representation of the original scene--less correct but more common form, CINEMAT'OGRAPH (sin-). [Gr. _kin[=e]ma_, _kin[=e]matos_, motion, _graphein_, to write.]

KINESIPATHY, kin-[=e]-sip'a-thi, _n._ a mode of treating disease by muscular movements, movement-cure---also KINESITHER'APY.--_adjs._ KINESIAT'RIC, KINESIPATH'IC.--_n._ KINESIP'ATHIST.

KINETICS, ki-net'iks, _n._ the science which treats of the action of force in producing or changing motion.--_adjs._ KINET'IC, -AL.--_ns._ KINET'OGRAPH, a device by which a series of photographs of a moving object can be thrown on a screen so as to imitate the motion of the original; KINET'OSCOPE, an instrument for illustrating the production of kinematic curves by the combination of circular movements of different radii. [Gr. _kin[=e]tikos_--_kinein_, to move.]

KING, king, _n._ the chief ruler of a nation: a monarch: a playing-card having the picture of a king: the most important piece in chess: a crowned man in draughts: one who is pre-eminent among his fellows:--_fem._ QUEEN.--_v.t._ to play king.--_ns._ KING'-AT-ARMS, or KING'-OF-ARMS, a chief officer of the Heralds' Colleges, whose designations are, for England, Norroy, Clarencieux, and Garter; for Scotland, Lyon; and for Ireland, Ulster; KING'-BIRD, an American tyrant fly-catcher; KING'CRAB, the chief or largest of the crab genus, most common in the Molucca Islands; KING'CRAFT, the art of governing, mostly in a bad sense; KING'CUP, the buttercup or upright meadow crowfoot; KING'DOM, the state or attributes of a king: the territory of a king: government: a region: one of the three grand divisions of Natural History, as the animal, vegetable, or mineral.--_adj._ KING'DOMED (_Shak._), endowed with kingly power, proud.--_ns._ KING'FISHER, a bird with very brilliant plumage, feeding on fish, the halcyon; KING'HOOD, kingship: kingliness.--_adj._ KING'LESS.--_ns._ KING'LET, KING'LING, a little or petty king: the golden-crested wren.--_ns._ KING'LIHOOD, KING'LINESS.--_adj._ KING'-LIKE.--_adj._ KING'LY, belonging or suitable to a king: royal: noble--also _adv._--_ns._ KING'-MAK'ER, one who has the creating of kings in his power; KING'POST, a perpendicular beam in the frame of a roof rising from the tie-beam to the ridge; KING'S'-CUSH'ION, a seat formed by two people's hands; KING'S'-[=E]'VIL, a scrofulous disease or evil formerly supposed to be healed by the touch of the king; KING'SHIP, the state, office, or dignity of a king; KING'S'-HOOD, the second stomach of a ruminant, sometimes humorously for the human stomach; KING'S'-SPEAR, a plant of the genus Asphodel; KING'S'-YELL'OW, arsenic trisulphide or orpiment; KING'-VUL'TURE, a large tropical brilliantly-coloured American vulture; KING'WOOD, a beautiful Brazilian wood--also _Violet-wood_.--KING CHARLES SPANIEL (see SPANIEL); KING LOG, a do-nothing king, as opp. to KING STORK, one who devours his frog-subjects--from Æsop's fable; KING MOB, the vulgar multitude; KING OF BEASTS, the lion; KING OF METALS, gold; KING OF TERRORS, death; KING OF THE FOREST, the oak; KING'S BENCH, the bench or seat of the king: one of the high courts of law, so called because the king used to sit there, called _Queen's_ Bench during a queen's reign; KING'S COUNSEL an honorary rank of barristers; KING'S EVIDENCE, a criminal allowed to become a witness against an accomplice.--KINGDOM COME (_slang_), the state after death.--THREE KINGS OF COLOGNE, the three Wise Men of the East, Gaspar, Melchior, and Balthazar. [A.S. _cyning_--_cyn_, a tribe, with suffix _-kin_; cog. with _kin_.]

KINIC, kin'ik, _adj._ pertaining to cinchona, cinchonic.

KINK, kingk, _n._ a twist in a string, rope, &c.--also KINK'LE.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ to twist.--_adj._ KINK'Y, full of kinks: woolly: crotchety. [Scand.; Sw. and Norw. _kink_.]

KINK, kingk, _v.i._ to cough loudly, gasp for breath.--_n._ a convulsive cough or gasp.--_n._ KINK'COUGH, whooping-cough, chincough (q.v.).

KINKAJOU, kin'ka-j[=oo], _n._ a South American quadruped allied to the raccoon.

KINO, k[=e]'no, _n._ an astringent vegetable exudation resembling catechu. [East Indian.]

KINSFOLK, kinz'f[=o]k, _n._ folk or people kindred or related to one another.--_ns._ KIN'SHIP, relationship; KINS'MAN, a man of the same kin or race with another:--_fem._ KINS'WOMAN.

KIOSK, ki-osk', _n._ an Eastern garden pavilion: a small shop like a sentry-box for the sale of papers, &c. [Turk.,--Pers. _kushk_.]

KIP, kip, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to play truant.

KIP, kip, _n._ the skin of a young animal.--_n._ KIP'SKIN, leather made from the skin of young cattle, intermediate between calf-skin and cow-hide.

KIP, kip, _n._ a level or slight incline at the end of an underground way, on which the tubs of coal stand till hoisted up the shaft.

KIP, kip, _n._ a house of ill-fame.--Also KIP'SHOP.

KIPE, k[=i]p, _n._ (_prov._) an osier basket for catching pike.

KIPPAGE, kip'[=a]j, _n._ (_Scot._) a fit of temper, a rage.

KIPPER, kip'[.e]r, _n._ a male salmon after the spawning season: a salmon split open, seasoned, and dried.--_v.t._ to cure or preserve, as a salmon or haddock. [Dut. _kippen_, to seize; Norw. _kippa_.]

KIRBEH, kir'be, _n._ a skin for holding water. [Ar.]

KIRIMON, k[=e]'ri-mon, _n._ one of the two imperial crests of Japan, bearing three leaves and three flowers of paulownia.

KIRK, k[.e]rk, _n._ in Scotland, a church--sometimes 'the Kirk' means the Established Church specially.--_ns._ KIRK'IN, the first attendance of a pair after marriage, of a magistrate after election; KIRK'-SESS'ION, the lowest court in Presbyterian churches, being the governing body of a particular congregation; KIRK'TON (_Scot._), the village in which the parish church stands; KIRK'YARD, a graveyard.--AULD KIRK, the Established Church in Scotland--by association of ideas, (_coll._) the whisky bottle, whisky. [A Northern Eng. form of _church_.]

KIRSCHWASSER, k[=e]rsh'väs-ser, _n._ a liqueur made from the wild cherry. [Ger., 'cherry water.']

KIRTLE, k[.e]r'tl, _n._ a sort of gown or outer petticoat: a mantle.--_adj._ KIR'TLED. [A.S. _cyrtel_; Dan. _kiortel_; Ice. _kyrtill_: perh. conn. with _skirt_ and _shirt_.]

KISMET, kis'met, _n._ fate, destiny. [Turk. _qismet_.]

KISS, kis, _v.t._ to press one's lips to in affection or reverence: to treat with fondness: to touch gently: to collide (of two billiard-balls).--_v.i._ to salute with the lips.--_n._ a salute with the lips.--_ns._ KISS'-CURL, a small curl at the side of the forehead; KISS'ER; KISS'ING-COM'FIT, a perfumed comfit for sweetening the breath; KISS'ING-CRUST, that part of the upper crust of the loaf which, while baking, overhangs the edge and touches another.--_n.pl._ KISS'ING-STRINGS, cap or bonnet strings tied under the chin.--_n._ KISS'-ME, the wild form of _Viola tricolor_, the pansy: a short veil: a small bonnet--also KISS'-ME-QUICK.--KISS HANDS, to kiss the sovereign's hands on a minister's acceptance of office; KISS OF PEACE, a kiss of greeting exchanged between the members of the early Church, a shadow of which survives in the kissing of the pax at high mass; KISS THE BOOK, to kiss a copy of the New Testament, in England, after taking a legal oath; KISS THE DUST, to be felled to the ground, to be slain or vanquished; KISS THE GUNNER'S DAUGHTER, to get a flogging, tied to the breech of a cannon; KISS THE ROD, to submit to punishment. [A.S. _cyssan_, to kiss--_coss_, a kiss; Ger. _küssen_, Dan. _kys_; allied to _choose_ and _gust_.]

KIST, kist, _n._ (_Scot._) a chest.--KIST O' WHISTLES, an organ. [A.S. _cist_.]

KISTVAEN, kist'v[=a]-en, _n._ a burial-chamber made of flat stones, and shaped like a chest. [W. _cist_, chest, _maen_, stone.]

KIT, kit, _n._ a small wooden tub: the outfit of necessaries of a soldier, sailor, or mechanic. [Old Dut. _kitte_, a hooped beer-can.]

KIT, kit, a small pocket violin. [Contracted from A.S. _cytere_--L. _cythara_, a _guitar_.]

KIT, kit, _n._ a contraction of kitten.--_n._ KIT'-CAT, a game played with sticks and a small piece of wood called a cat.

KIT, kit, _n._ a family, in phrase 'the whole kit.' [_Kith_.]

KITCAT, kit'kat, _n._ the name of a Whig London literary club, which existed from 1700 to about 1720, meeting for some time in the house of a pastry-cook named Christopher _Katt_: a portrait 36 by 28 inches in size, so called from the portraits of the _Kitcat_ Club painted by Sir G. Kneller.

KITCHEN, kich'en, _n._ a room where food is cooked: a utensil with a stove for dressing food, &c.: anything eaten as a relish with bread, potatoes, &c.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to regale in the cook-room: to serve as relish to food, to make palatable, to use sparingly, as one would a relish--to make it last.--_ns._ KITCH'ENDOM, the domain of the kitchen; KITCH'ENER, a person employed in the kitchen: a cooking-stove; KITCH'EN-FEE, the fat which falls from meat in roasting; KITCH'EN-GAR'DEN, a garden where vegetables are cultivated for the kitchen; KITCH'EN-KNAVE, a scullion; KITCH'EN-MAID, a maid or servant whose work is in the kitchen; KITCH'EN-MID'DEN (Dan. _kjökkenmödding_), a prehistoric rubbish-heap in Denmark, the north of Scotland, &c.; KITCH'EN-PHYS'IC, substantial fare (_Milt._); KITCH'EN-RANGE, a kitchen grate with oven, boiler, &c. attached, for cooking; KITCH'EN-STUFF, material used in kitchens: kitchen refuse, esp. fat from pots, &c.; KITCH'EN-WENCH, a kitchen-maid. [A.S. _cicen_; Ger. _küche_, Fr. _cuisine_, all from L. _coquina_--_coqu[)e]re_, to cook.]

KITE, k[=i]t, _n._ a rapacious bird of the hawk kind: a rapacious person: a light frame covered with paper for flying in the air, attached to a long cord, by means of which it is steered: a light and lofty sail: an accommodation bill, esp. a mere paper credit.--_n._ KITE'-FLY'ING, the dealing in fictitious accommodation paper to raise money. [A.S. _cýta_; cf. W. _cud_, Bret. _kidel_, a hawk.]

KITE, k[=i]t, _n._ (_Scot._) the belly.--Also KYTE. [A.S. _cwith_, the womb.]

KITH, kith, _n._ kindred, acquaintance, obsolete except in the phrase KITH AND KIN, acquaintances and relatives. [A.S. _cúð_--_cunnan_, to know.]

KITTEN, kit'n, _n._ a young cat.--_v.i._ to bring forth young cats.--_n._ (_Scot._) KIT'LING.--_adj._ KITT'ENISH, frolicsome.--_v.i._ KITT'LE (_Scot._), to bring forth kittens. [M. E. _kitoun_, dim. of _cat_.]

KITTIWAKE, kit'i-w[=a]k, _n._ a species of gull with long wings and rudimentary hind-toe. [Imit.]

KITTLE, kit'l, _adj._ (_Scot._) ticklish, intractable.--_v.t._ (_Scot._) to tickle.--_adj._ KITT'LY, easily tickled, sensitive.--_n._ KITT'LY-BEND'ERS (_Amer._), running on thin bending ice.

KIWI, k[=e]'wi, _n._ a bird of the genus Apteryx found in New Zealand.

KLANG, klang, _n._ (_mus._) a complex tone, composed of fundamental and harmonics, as opposed to a simple tone. [Ger.]

KLEPHT, kleft, _n._ a Greek or Albanian brigand. [Gr., from _kleptein_, to steal.]

KLEPTOMANIA, klep-to-m[=a]'ni-a, _n._ a mania for stealing: a morbid impulse to secrete things.--_n._ KLEPTOM[=A]'NIAC. [Gr. _kleptein_ to steal, _mania_, madness.]

KLICK. Same as CLICK.

KLIPDAS, klip'das, _n._ the rock badger.

KLIPSPRINGER, klip'spring-[.e]r, _n._ a small South African antelope.

KLOOF, kl[=oo]f, _n._ a mountain cleft. [S. African Dutch.]

KNACK, nak, _n._ a petty contrivance: a toy: a nice trick: dexterity, adroitness.--_n._ KNACK'INESS.--_adjs._ KNACK'ISH, KNACK'Y, cunning, crafty. [Orig. imit.; cf. Gael. _cnac_, Dut. _knak_, a crack, Ger. _knacken_, to crack.]

KNACKER, nak'[.e]r, _n._ anything that knocks: (_pl._) castanets or clappers, bones.

KNACKER, nak'[.e]r, _n._ a dealer in old horses and dog's-meat: (_prov._) a collier's horse. [From Ice. _knakkr_, a saddle.]

KNAG, nag, _n._ a knot in wood: a peg.--_n._ KNAG'GINESS, state of being knaggy.--_adj._ KNAG'GY, knotty: rugged. [From a root found in Ir. and Gael. _cnag_, a knob; cf. Dan. _knag_, Ger. _knagge_.]

KNAP, nap, _v.t._ to snap or break with a snapping noise: to break in pieces with blows, as stones: to bite off, nibble:--_pr.p._ knap'ping; _pa.p._ knapped.--_ns._ KNAP'BOTTLE, the bladder-campion; KNAP'PER, one who breaks stones, esp. one who breaks up flint-flakes for gun-flints; KNAP'PING-HAMM'ER (_Scot._), a hammer for breaking stones.--_v.i._ KNAP'PLE, to nibble. [Dut. _knappen_, to crack or crush.]

KNAP, nap, _n._ (_Bacon_) a protuberance, a hillock.--_n._ KNAP'WEED, a general name for plants of the genus _Centaurea_ of the composite family--star-thistle, bachelor's buttons. [Conn. with _knob_, _knop_.]

KNAPSACK, nap'sak, _n._ a provision-sack: a case for necessaries borne by soldiers and travellers. [Dut. _knappen_, to crack, eat, _zak_, a sack.]

KNAPSKULL, nap'skul, _n._ a helmet. [From _knap_ (n.) and _skull_.]

KNAR, när, _n._ a knot on a tree.--_n._ KNARL=GNARL.--_adj._ KNARRED, gnarled, knotty.

KNAVE, n[=a]v, _n._ a false, deceitful fellow: a villain: a card bearing the picture of a servant or soldier: (_Shak._) a boy.--_ns._ KNAVE'-BAIRN, a male child; KNAV'ERY, dishonesty; KNAVE'SHIP (_Scot._), a certain quantity of grain, the due of the miller.--_adj._ KNAV'ISH, fraudulent: villainous.--_adv._ KNAV'ISHLY.--_n._ KNAV'ISHNESS. [A.S. _cnafa_, _cnapa_, a boy, a youth; Ger. _knabe_, _knappe_.]

KNEAD, n[=e]d, _v.t._ to work and press together into a mass, as flour into dough: to operate upon in massage: to mix.--_ns._ KNEAD'ER; KNEAD'ING-TROUGH, a trough for kneading. [A.S. _cnedan_; Ice. _knoða_, Ger. _kneten_, to knead.]

KNEE, n[=e], _n._ the joint between the thigh and shin bones: a piece of timber or metal like a bent knee: (_Shak._) a genuflection.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to kneel to, to go over on one's knees.--_n.pl._ KNEE'-BREECH'ES, breeches extending to just below the knee, as in court-dress.--_n._ KNEE'-CAP, the bone above the protuberance of the knee: a cap or strong covering for the knees, used chiefly for horses, to save their knees in case of a fall.--_n.pl._ KNEE'-CORDS, knee-breeches of corduroy.--_adjs._ KNEE'-CROOK'ING, obsequious: fawning; KNEED, having knees: (_bot._) having angular joints like the knee; KNEE'-DEEP, rising to the knees: sunk to the knees; KNEE'-HIGH, rising or reaching to the knees.--_ns._ KNEE'-HOLL'Y, butcher's broom: KNEE'-JOINT, a joint with two pieces at an angle, so as to be very tight when pressed into a straight line; KNEE'-PAN, a flat, round bone on the front of the knee-joint; KNEE'-PIECE, or -RAFT'ER, an angular piece of timber strengthening a joint where two roof-timbers meet: any defensive appliance covering the knee; KNEE'-STOP, -SWELL, a lever worked by the performer's knee, for regulating the wind-supply of a reed-organ, &c.; KNEE'-TIM'BER, timber bent into a shape suitable for a knee in shipbuilding, &c.; KNEE'-TRIB'UTE (_Milt._), the homage of kneeling.--GIVE, or OFFER, A KNEE, to act as second or bottle-holder in a fight, the principal resting on the second's knee during the pauses between the rounds. [A.S. _cneów_, _cneó_; Ger. _knie_, L. _genu_, Gr. _gonu_.]

KNEEL, n[=e]l, _v.i._ to bend the knee: to rest or fall on the knee:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ kneeled, knelt.--_n._ KNEEL'ER, one who kneels. [_Knee_.]

KNELL, nel, _n._ the stroke of a bell: the sound of a bell at a death or funeral.--_v.i._ to sound as a bell: toll.--_v.t._ to summon as by a tolling bell. [A.S. _cnyllan_, to beat noisily; Dut. and Ger. _knallen_.]

KNELT, nelt, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _kneel_.

KNEW, n[=u], _pa.t._ of know.

KNICKERBOCKERS, nik-[.e]r-bok'[.e]rz, _n.pl._ loose breeches gathered in at the knee.--Also KNICK'ERS. [From the wide-breeched Dutchmen in 'Knickerbocker's' (Washington Irving's) humorous _History of New York_, whence _Knickerbocker_ has come to mean the descendant of one of the original Dutch settlers of New York.]

KNICK-KNACK, nik'-nak, _n._ a trifle or toy.--_n._ KNICK'-KNACK'ERY, knick-knacks collectively. [A doubling of _knack_.]

KNIFE, n[=i]f, _n._ an instrument for cutting: a sword or dagger:--_pl._ KNIVES (n[=i]vz).--_v.t._ to stab with a knife: (_Amer._) to try to destroy a political candidate's chances by a treacherous attack.--_ns._ KNIFE'-AND-FORK', a trencherman; KNIFE'-BOARD, a board on which knives are cleaned: (_coll._) the seat running along the top of an omnibus; KNIFE'-BOY, a boy employed in cleaning knives; KNIFE'-EDGE (_mech._), a sharp piece of steel like a knife's edge serving as the axis of a balance, &c.; KNIFE'-GRIND'ER, one who grinds or sharpens knives; KNIFE'-MON'EY, a knife-shaped bronze currency formerly used in China; KNIFE'-REST, a glass or metal utensil on which to rest a carving-knife or fork; KNIFE'-TRAY, a tray for holding knives.--WAR TO THE KNIFE, mortal combat. [A.S. _cníf_: Ger. _kneif_, knife, _kneifen_, to nip.]

KNIGHT, n[=i]t, _n._ one of gentle birth and bred to arms, admitted in feudal times to a certain honourable military rank: (_Shak._) an attendant: a champion: the rank, with the title 'Sir,' next below baronets: a piece used in the game of chess.--_v.t._ to create a knight.--_ns._ KNIGHT'AGE, the collective body of knights; KNIGHT'-BACH'ELOR, one who has been knighted merely, not made a member of any titular order; KNIGHT'-BANN'ERET, a knight who carried a banner, and who was superior in rank to the knight-bachelor; KNIGHT'-ERR'ANT, a knight who travelled in search of adventures; KNIGHT'-ERR'ANTRY; KNIGHT'HOOD, the character or privilege of a knight: the order or fraternity of knights; KNIGHT'HOOD-ERR'ANT (_Tenn._), the body of knights-errant.--_adj._ KNIGHT'LESS (_Spens._), unbecoming a knight.--_n._ KNIGHT'LINESS, the bearing or duties of a knight.--_adj._ and _adv._ KNIGHT'LY.--_ns._ KNIGHT'-MAR'SHAL, formerly an officer of the royal household; KNIGHT'-SERV'ICE, tenure by a knight on condition of military service.--KNIGHT OF INDUSTRY, a footpad, thief, or sharper; KNIGHT OF THE CARPET, a civil knight, as opposed to a military, so called because created kneeling on a carpet, not the field; KNIGHT OF THE PESTLE, an apothecary; KNIGHT OF THE POST, one familiar with the whipping-post or pillory; KNIGHT OF THE ROAD, a highwayman; KNIGHT OF THE SHIRE, a member of parliament for a county; KNIGHT'S FEE, the amount of land with which a knight was invested on his creation; KNIGHTS OF LABOUR, in the United States, a national labour organisation; KNIGHTS OF MALTA (see Hospitaller); KNIGHTS OF ST CRISPIN, shoemakers; KNIGHTS OF THE RAINBOW, flunkeys from their liveries; KNIGHTS OF THE SHEARS, tailors; KNIGHTS OF THE SPIGOT, tapsters, publicans; KNIGHTS OF THE STICK, compositors; KNIGHTS OF THE WHIP, coachmen; KNIGHTS TEMPLARS (see TEMPLAR). [A.S. _cniht_ Ger. and Dut. _knecht_, Dan. _knegt_.]

KNIT, nit, _v.t._ to form into a knot: to tie together: to unite into network by needles: to unite closely, to draw together: to contract.--_v.i._ to interweave with needles: to grow together:--_pr.p._ knit'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ knit'ted or knit.--_n._ (_Shak._) a style of knitting.--_ns._ KNIT'TER; KNIT'TING, the work of a knitter: union, junction: the network formed by knitting; KNIT'TING-MACHINE', a machine for knitting; KNIT'TING-NEED'LE, a long needle or wire used for knitting thread into stockings, &c. [A.S. _cnyttan_--_cnotta_, a knot.]

KNITCH, nich, _n._ (_prov._) a faggot.

KNITTLE, nit'l, _n._ (_naut._) a small line made of two or three yarns twisted with the fingers: (_pl._) the halves of two yarns in a rope, twisted for pointing.

KNIVES, _pl._ of _knife_.

KNOB, nob, _n._ a hard protuberance: a hard swelling: a round ball.--_adj._ KNOBBED, containing or set with knobs.--_n._ KNOB'BINESS.--_adj._ KNOB'BY, full of knobs: knotty.--_n._ KNOB'STICK (_slang_), a synonym for a blackleg or scab in trades-union slang. [_Knop_.]

KNOBKERRIE, nob'ker-i, _n._ a round-headed stick used as a club and a missile by the Kafirs.

KNOCK, nok, _v.i._ to strike with something hard or heavy: to drive or be driven against: to strike for admittance: to rap.--_v.t._ to strike: to drive against.--_n._ a sudden stroke: a rap.--_adj._ KNOCK'-DOWN, such as to overthrow.--_ns._ KNOCK'ER, the hammer suspended to a door for making a knock: a goblin inhabiting a mine who points out the presence of ore by knocks; KNOCK'ING, a beating on a door: a rap.--_adj._ KNOCK'-KNEED, having knees that knock or touch in walking.--KNOCK ABOUT (_slang_), to saunter, loaf about; KNOCK DOWN, to fell with a blow: assign to a bidder with a tap of the auctioneer's hammer; KNOCK INTO A COCKED HAT (see COCK); KNOCK OFF, to desist, cease: to accomplish hastily; KNOCK ON THE HEAD, to bring to a sudden stop; KNOCK OUT, to beat in a boxing match, to overcome generally: to lose the scent--of hounds in fox-hunting; KNOCK-OUT AUCTION, an auction where the bidders are largely swindling confederates; KNOCK TOGETHER, to get together or construct hastily; KNOCK UNDER, to give in, yield; KNOCK UP, to rouse by knocking: weary out, or be worn out: to construct hastily: (_U.S._) to get with child. [A.S. _cnucian_, _cnocian_; imit. like _knack_; cf. Gael. _cnac_, _cnag_, &c.]

KNOLL, n[=o]l, _n._ a round hillock: the top of a hill. [A.S. _cnol_; Ger. _knollen_, a knob, lump.]

KNOLL, n[=o]l. Same as KNELL.

KNOP, nop, _n._ (_B._) a knob, a bud. [A.S. _cnoep_; Dut. _knop_, Ger. _knopf_.]

KNOSP, nosp, _n._ the unopened bud of a flower: an architectural ornament resembling such. [Ger. _knospe_.]

KNOT, not, _n._ a wading-bird much resembling a snipe, sometimes said, but without evidence, to be named from King _Cnut_ or _Canute_.

KNOT, not, _n._ a bunch of threads or the like entangled or twisted: an interlacement of parts of a cord, &c., by twisting the ends about each other, and then drawing tight the loops thus formed: a piece of ribbon, lace, &c., folded or tied upon itself in some particular form, as _shoulder-knot_, _breast-knot_, &c.: anything like a knot in form: a bond of union: a difficulty: the gist of a matter: a cluster: the part of a tree where a branch shoots out: an epaulet: (_naut._) a division of the knot-marked log-line: a nautical mile.--_v.t._ to tie in a knot: to unite closely.--_v.i._ to form knots or joints: to knit knots for a fringe:--_pr.p._ knot'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ knot'ted.--_n._ KNOT'-GRASS, a common weed or grass, so called from the numerous joints or knots of its stem.--_adjs._ KNOT'LESS, without knots; KNOT'TED, full of, or having, knots: having intersecting lines or figures.--_n._ KNOT'TINESS.--_adj._ KNOT'TY, containing knots: hard, rugged: difficult: intricate.--_n._ KNOT'WORK, ornamental work made with knots.--BOWLINE KNOT (see BOW); GRANNY KNOT (see GRANNY); PORTERS' KNOT, a pad for supporting burdens on the head; SQUARE KNOT, a knot used in tying reef-points so that the ends come out alongside the standing parts; SURGEONS' KNOT, a square or reef knot used in tying a ligature round a cut artery; TRUE LOVERS' KNOT, a kind of double knot with two bows and two ends, an emblem of interwoven affections.--CUT THE KNOT, to solve a problem slap-dash (cf. GORDIAN). [A.S. _cnotta_; Ger. _knoten_, Dan. _knude_, L. _nodus_.]

KNOUT, nowt, _n._ a whip formerly used as an instrument of punishment in Russia: punishment inflicted by the knout. [Russ. _knute_.]

KNOW, n[=o], _v.t._ to be informed of: to be assured of: to be acquainted with: to recognise: (_B._) to approve: to have sexual commerce with.--_v.i._ to possess knowledge:--_pr.p._ kn[=o]w'ing; _pa.t._ knew (n[=u]); _pa.p._ known (n[=o]n).--_n._ (_Shak._) knowledge.--_adj._ KNOW'ABLE, capable of being known, discovered, or understood.--_ns._ KNOW'ABLENESS; KNOW'-ALL, one who thinks he knows everything; KNOW'ER.--_adj._ KNOW'ING, intelligent: skilful: cunning.--_adv._ KNOW'INGLY.--_ns._ KNOW'INGNESS, the quality of being knowing or intelligent: shrewdness; KNOW'-NOTH'ING, one who is quite ignorant: a member of the native American party (1854-56).--_adj._ completely ignorant.--KNOW A MOVE OR TWO, to be forearmed against trickery by a knowledge of the tricks; KNOW ON WHICH SIDE ONE'S BREAD IS BUTTERED, to be fully alive to one's own interest; KNOW THE ROPES, to understand the detail of any matter, as a sailor does his rigging; KNOW WHAT'S O'CLOCK, KNOW WHAT'S WHAT, to be thoroughly acquainted with something: to be wide awake. [A.S. _cnáwan_; Ice. _kná_, L. _nosc[)e]re_ for _gnoscere_, Gr. _gign[=o]skein_.]

KNOWLEDGE, nol'ej, _n._ assured belief: that which is known: information, instruction: enlightenment, learning: practical skill.--_adj._ KNOWL'EDGEABLE (_coll._), possessing knowledge: intelligent.--_n._ KNOWL'EDGE-BOX (_slang_), the head.--TO ONE'S KNOWLEDGE, so far as one knows. [M. E. _knowleche_, where _-leche_ is the Northern form of the suffix in _wed-lock_, being A.S. _lác_, gift, sport.]

KNUB, nub, _n._ a knob, a small lump: the waste or refuse of silk-cocoons.--Also KNUBS.

KNUCKLE, nuk'l, _n._ projecting joint of the fingers; (_cook._) the knee-joint of a calf or pig.--_v.i._ to bend the fingers: to touch the forehead as a mark of respect: to yield.--_v.t._ (_rare_) to touch with the knuckle.--_ns._ KNUCK'LE-BONES, a game (called also _Dibs_); KNUCK'LE-BOW, the curved part of a sword-guard that covers the fingers; KNUCK'LE-DUST'ER, a kind of modern cestus, devised as a protection against garrotters; KNUCK'LE-JOINT, a joint where the forked end of a connecting-rod is joined by a bolt to another piece of the machinery.--KNUCKLE DOWN, to apply one's self with vigour to a task: to submit--in this sense, also KNUCKLE UNDER. [M. E. _knokil_; cf. Dut. _knokkel_; prob. Celt., W. _cnwc_.]

KNURL, n[.e]rl, _n._ (_Burns_) a humpback.

KNURL. Same as GNARL, KNARL.

KNURR, KNUR, nur, _n._ a knot in wood: a wooden ball.--KNUR AND SPELL, a game played with a ball (_knur_), trap (_spell_), and tripstick, in vogue chiefly in the north of England. [Old Dut. _knorre_.]

KOA, k[=o]'a, _n._ a forest-tree of the Sandwich Islands.

KOALA, k[=o]-ä'lä, _n._ an Australian marsupial, called also 'Native Bear.'

KOB, kob, _n._ an African water-antelope.

KOBALT, _n._ Same as COBALT.

KOBANG, k[=o]'bang, _n._ an oblong gold coin, rounded at the corners, once current in Japan.--Also K[=O]'BAN.

KOBOLD, k[=o]'bold, _n._ in German folklore, a spirit of the mines. [Akin to _goblin_.]

KODAK, k[=o]'dak, _n._ a small portable photographic camera with a continuous roll of sensitised film, on which successive instantaneous negatives are made.--_v.t._ to take an instantaneous picture of. [The trademark name of the Eastman _Kodak_ Company.]

KOFF, kof, _n._ a small Dutch sailing-vessel.

KOFTGAR, koft'gär, _n._ one who inlays steel with gold.--_n._ KOFT'GARI, such work--sometimes KOFT'WORK. [Hind.]

KOHELETH, k[=o]-hel'eth, _n._ the Preacher, supposed to be applied to Solomon in Eccles. i. 12.

KOHL, k[=o]l, _n._ a fine powder of antimony used in the East for staining the eyes. [Ar.]

KOHLRABI, k[=o]l'r[=a]-bi, _n._ the turnip-cabbage. [Ger.,--It. _cavolo rapa_, cole-turnip.]

KOKRA, kok'ra, _n._ an Indian wood used for making flutes, &c.--Also _Cocus-wood_.

KOLA, k[=o]'lä, _n._ an African tree whose nuts or seeds have stimulant properties: a name given to an aerated non-alcoholic beverage.

KOLINSKY, ko-lin'ski, _n._ the Siberian polecat or mink.

KONISCOPE, kon'i-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for indicating the quantity of dust in the atmosphere. [Gr. _konis_, dust, _skopein_, to look.]

KONISTRA, k[=o]-nis'tra, _n._ the orchestra or dancing-place in the ancient Greek theatre, a circular area between the stage and the auditorium.

KOODOO, k[=oo]'d[=oo], _n._ an African antelope with long spiral horns.

KOORBASH, k[=oo]r'bash, _n._ a whip of hippopotamus or rhinoceros hide, used in Egypt and elsewhere.--Also KOURBASH. [Ar. _kurb[=a]j_.]

KOORD, k[=oo]rd, _n._ Same as KURD.

KOPECK, k[=o]'pek, _n._ Same as COPECK.

KOPJE, kop'ye, _n._ a flat-topped hill. [Dut. _kop_, a top.]

KORAN, k[=o]'rän, _n._ the Mohammedan Scriptures: Alcoran.--_adj._ KORAN'IC. [Ar. _qur[=a]n_, reading.]

KOSHER, k[=o]'sh[.e]r, _adj._ pure, clean, according to the Jewish ordinances--as of meat killed and prepared by Jews. [Heb., from _y[=a]shar_, to be right.]

KOSMOS. Same as COSMOS.

KOTO, k[=o]'t[=o], _n._ a Japanese musical instrument consisting of an oblong box over which thirteen silk strings are stretched.

KOTOW, k[=o]-tow', _n._ the Chinese ceremony of prostration.--_v.i._ to perform that ceremony, to abase one's self.--Also KOWTOW'. [Chin.]

KOTYLISKOS, kot-i-lis'kos, _n._ a small Greek toilet-vase with a small foot.

KOUMISS, k[=oo]'mis, _n._ a Kalmuck intoxicating beverage made from the soured and fermented milk of mares--supposed to be good for pulmonary phthisis. [Russ.,--Tartar.]

KRAAL, kräl, _n._ a Hottentot village or hut [Dut. _kraal_--Port. _curral_--L. _curr[)e]re_.]

KRAKEN, krä'ken, _n._ a fabled sea-animal of enormous size. [Scand.]

KRANG, krang, _n._ the carcass of a whale after the blubber has been removed.--Also KRENG. [Dut.]

KRASIS, kr[=a]'sis, _n._ the act of adding a little water to the wine used for the Eucharist.--Also called _Mixture_. [Gr.]

KREATIN. Same as CREATIN.

KREESE. Same as CREESE.

KREMLIN, krem'lin, _n._ a citadel, specially that of Moscow. [Russ. _kremli_.]

KREOSOTE, kr[=e]'o-s[=o]t, _n._ Same as CREOSOTE.

KREUTZER, kroit'z[.e]r, _n._ a small copper coin of Austria, 100 to the florin or gulden--formerly also in South Germany. [Ger. _kreuzer_--_kreuz_, a cross, because formerly stamped with a cross.]

K'RI, kr[=e], _n._ a marginal reading in the Hebrew Bible, proposed in substitution for a k'thibh, or reading in the text. The word signifies _read_, and was originally a marginal direction. [Heb.]

KRIEGSPIEL, kr[=e]g'sp[=e]l, _n._ the 'war-game' played with metal blocks on a map, to train officers in military manoeuvres. [Ger. _krieg_, war, _spiel_, game.]

KRIS. Same as CREESE.

KRISHNA, krish'na, _n._ a deity in later Hindu mythology.

KRUMMHORN, krum'horn, _n._ a medieval clarinet-like instrument: a reed-stop in the organ. [Ger. _krumm_.]

KRUPSIS, kr[=oo]p'sis, _n._ (_theol._) the doctrine that Christ, during His state of humiliation, continued to possess in a veiled way the divine attributes of omnipotence, omniscience, &c. [Gr., _kryptein_, to conceal.]

KRYOMETER, kr[=i]-om'e-t[.e]r, _n._ a thermometer for measuring very low temperatures. [Gr. _kryos_, cold, _metron_, a measure.]

KSAR (_Milt._), a former spelling of _Czar_.

KSHATRIYA, kshat'ri-ya, _n._ the second or military caste among the Brahmanic Hindus.

K'THIBH, kth[=e]v, _n._ a textual reading in the Hebrew Scriptures:--opp. to _K'ri_. The word signifies _written_, and was originally a marginal note calling attention to the textual form in distinction from the k'ri. [Heb.]

KUDOS, k[=u]'dos, _n._ credit, fame, generally used jocularly. [Gr.]

KUDU. Same as KOODOO.

KUFIC. Same as CUFIC.

KUKLUX, k[=u]'kluks, or KUKLUX KLAN, a secret organisation in several Southern states after the Civil War of 1861-65, to oppose Northern influence in the South, and to prevent the negroes from enjoying their rights as freemen--crushed by United States forces in 1869. [Gr. _kuklos_, a circle.]

KUMISS. Same as KOUMISS.

KÜMMEL, küm'el, _n._ a liqueur flavoured with cumin and caraway seeds. [Ger.]

KURD, k[=oo]rd, _n._ an inhabitant of _Kurdistan_, a region on the east of the upper course of the Tigris.

KURSAAL, k[=oo]r'säl, _n._ the reception-room of a German spa. [Ger., lit. 'cure-saloon.']

KVASS, kvas, _n._ rye-beer. [Russ. _kvas[)u]_.]

KYANISE, k[=i]'an-[=i]z, _v.t._ to preserve from dry-rot by injecting corrosive sublimate into the pores of the wood. [From John H. _Kyan_ (1774-1830).]

KYANITE, k[=i]'a-n[=i]t, _n._ Same as CYANITE.

KYE, Ky, k[=i], _n.pl._ Scotch form of the plural of _cow_. [See KINE.]

KYLIX, k[=i]'liks, _n._ a broad and shallow Greek drinking-vase.

KYLLOSIS, kil-l[=o]'sis, _n._ club-foot.

KYLOE, k[=i]'l[=o], _n._ one of the cattle of the Hebrides.

KYMOGRAPH, k[=i]'m[=o]-graf, _n._ an instrument for measuring the pressure of fluids, esp. of blood in a blood-vessel.--_adj._ KYMOGRAPH'IC. [Gr. _kyma_, a wave, _graphein_, to write.]

KYRIE, kir'i-[=e], _n._ the _Kyrie eleïson_='Lord have mercy,' including both the words and the music to which they are sung: one of the responses to the commandments in the Anglican ante-communion service.--KYRIE ELEÏSON, a form of prayer which occurs in all the ancient Greek liturgies, and retained in the R.C. mass, following immediately after the introit. [Voc. case of Gr. _kyrios_, lord.]

KYRIOLOGIC, -al, kir-i-o-loj'ik, -al, _adj._ denoting objects by alphabetical characters or conventional signs. [Gr. _kyrios_, literal, proper, _logos_, discourse.]

KYTHE, k[=i]_th_, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to make known.--_v.i._ to show one's self, to appear. [A.S. _cyðan_, to make known. See UNCOUTH.]

* * * * *

L the twelfth letter in our alphabet, usually termed a liquid, but more correctly designated as a front palatal: (_chem._) the symbol for lithium: in Roman numerals, for 50, but [=L]=50,000.

LA, lä, _interj._ lo! see! behold! ah! indeed!--_n._ (_mus._) in solmisation, the syllable used for the sixth tone of the scale. [A.S. _lá_.]

LAAGER, lä'g[.e]r, _n._ in South African campaigning, a camp made by a ring of ox-wagons set close together, the spaces beneath being filled up with the baggage of the company.--_v.t._ to arrange in such a defensive enclosure. [Dut., a variant of _leger_, a camp.]

LABARUM, lab'a-rum, _n._ a Roman military standard adopted as the imperial standard after Constantine's conversion. It bore the Greek letters XP (Chr), joined in a monogram, to signify the name of Christ: a similar ecclesiastical banner borne in processions: any moral standard or guide. [Late Gr. _labaron_, origin unknown. Some make bold to derive from Basque _labaria_, a standard.]

LABDANUM. See LADANUM.

LABEFACTION, lab-e-fak'shun, _n._ a weakening decay--also LABEFACT[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ LAB'EFY, to impair. [L. _labefac[)e]re_, to shake.]

LABEL, l[=a]'bel, _n._ a small slip of writing affixed to anything to denote its contents, ownership, &c.: (_law_) a paper annexed to a will, as a codicil: (_her._) a fillet with pendants: (_archit._) the dripstone over a Gothic window or doorway arch.--_v.t._ to affix a label to: to describe by or on a label:--_pr.p._ l[=a]'belling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ l[=a]'belled. [O. Fr. _label_ (Fr. _lambeau_); perh. from Old High Ger. _lappa_ (Ger. _lappen_).]

LABELLUM, la-bel'um, _n._ the lower petal of a flower, esp. an orchis. [L., dim. of _labium_, a lip.]

LABIAL, l[=a]'bi-al, _adj._ pertaining to the lips: formed by the lips.--_n._ a sound formed by the lips: a letter representing a sound formed either by both the lips, or by the upper lip and under teeth--_p_, _b_, _m_, _f_, _v_.--_v.t._ L[=A]'BIALISE.--_adv._ L[=A]'BIALLY.--_n.pl._ LABI[=A]'TÆ, a natural order of gamopetalous plants, the mint family having four-cornered stems and opposite branches.--_adjs._ L[=A]'BIATE, -D (_bot._), having two unequal divisions, as in the monopetalous corolla of the mints.--_adj._ and _n._ LABIODEN'TAL, of a sound pronounced both by the lips and teeth: a letter representing such (_f_, _v_.).--_n._ L[=A]'BIUM, a lip or lip-like part:--_pl._ L[=A]'BIA. [Fr.,--L. _labium_, _labrum_, a lip.]

LABIS, l[=a]'bis, _n._ the cochlear or eucharistic spoon. [Late Gr. from _lambanein_, to take.]

LABORATORY, lab'or-a-tor-i, _n._ a chemist's workroom: a place where scientific experiments are systematically carried on: a place for the manufacture of arms and war material: a place where anything is prepared for use. [L. _labor[=a]re_--_labor_, work.]

LABOUR, l[=a]'bur, _n._ toil or exertion, esp. when fatiguing: work: pains: duties: a task requiring hard work: the pangs of childbirth.--_v.i._ to undergo labour: to work: to take pains: to be oppressed: to move slowly: to be in travail: (_naut._) to pitch and roll heavily.--_adj._ LAB[=O]'RIOUS, full of labour: toilsome: wearisome: devoted to labour: industrious.--_adv._ LAB[=O]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ LAB[=O]'RIOUSNESS.--_adj._ L[=A]'BOURED, bearing marks of labour or effort in the execution.--_ns._ L[=A]'BOURER, one who labours: one who does work requiring little skill; L[=A]'BOURIST, one who contends for the interests of workmen.--_adjs._ L[=A]'BOUR-SAV'ING, intended to supersede or lessen the labour of men; L[=A]'BOURSOME (_Shak._), made with labour and diligence.--LABOUR DAY, a legal holiday in some parts of the United States, as in New York (the first Monday in September); LABOUR MARKET, the supply of unemployed labour in relation to the demand for it; LABOUR OF LOVE, work undertaken merely as an act of friendliness, and without hope of emolument; LABOUR WITH, to take pains to convince.--HARD LABOUR, compulsory work imposed on certain criminals in addition to imprisonment. [O. Fr. _labour_, _labeur_--L. _labor_.]

LABRADORITE, lab'ra-d[=o]r-[=i]t, _n._ one of the group of the Feldspars, and a very important rock-forming mineral. [_Labrador_.]

LABRET, l[=a]'bret, _n._ a piece of bone, shell, &c. inserted into the lip by savages for ornament.--_adj._ L[=A]'BROSE, having thick lips.--_n._ L[=a]'brum, a lip or lip-like part:--_pl._ L[=A]'BRA. [L. _labrum_, _labium_, a lip.]

LABURNUM, la-bur'num, _n._ a small tree with large pendulous racemes of beautiful yellow flowers, a native of the Alps. [L.]

LABYRINTH, lab'i-rinth, _n._ a place full of inextricable windings: (_orig._) a building consisting of halls connected by intricate passages: an arrangement of tortuous passages in which it is difficult to find the way out: an inexplicable difficulty, a perplexity: (_anat._) the cavities of the internal ear.--_adjs._ LABYRINTH'AL, LABYRINTH'IAN, LABYRINTH'INE, pertaining to or like a labyrinth: winding: intricate: perplexing; LABYRINTH'IFORM, having the form of a labyrinth: intricate.--_n._ LABYRINTH'ODON, a race of extinct gigantic amphibians found in the Permian, Carboniferous, and Triassic strata, so called from the mazy pattern exhibited on a transverse section of the teeth of some genera. [Fr. _labyrinthe_--L. _labyrinthus_--Gr. _labyrinthos_; akin to _laura_, a passage.]

LAC, lak, _n._ the term used in India for 100,000 rupees, the nominal value of which is £10,000.--Also LAKH. [Hind. _lak_--Sans. _laksha_, 100,000, a mark.]

LAC, lak, _n._ a dark-red transparent resin produced on the twigs of trees in the East by the lac insect, used in dyeing.--_adj._ LACCIC (lak'sik).--_ns._ LACCINE (lak'sin), a brittle, translucent, yellow substance, obtained from shell-lac; LAC'-DYE, LAC'-LAKE, scarlet colouring matters obtained from STICK'-LAC, the twigs, with attached resin, enclosed insects, and ova; SEED'-LAC, the granular portion remaining after removing the resin, triturating with water, and drying; SHELL'-LAC, SHEL'LAC, thin plates of resin prepared by melting the seed-lac in cotton-cloth bags, straining, and allowing it to drop on to sticks or leaves. [Pers. _lak_--Sans. _lákshá_, the lac insect--_rañj_, to dye.]

LACE, l[=a]s, _n._ a plaited string for fastening: an ornamental fabric of linen, cotton, silk, or gold and silver threads, made by looping, knotting, plaiting, or twisting the thread into definite patterns, of contrasted open and close structure; three distinct varieties are made, two by handiwork, known respectively as _Needle_ or _Point lace_ and _Pillow_ or _Bobbin Lace_, and one by machinery.--_v.t._ to fasten with a lace: to adorn with lace: to streak: to mark with the lash: to intermix, as coffee with brandy, &c.: to intertwine.--_v.i._ to be fastened with a lace.--_ns._ LACE'-BARK TREE, a lofty West Indies tree, the inner bark like coarse lace; LACE'-BOOT, a boot fastened by a lace.--_p.adj._ LACED, fastened or adorned with lace.--_ns._ LACE'-FRAME, a machine used in lace-making; LACE'-LEAF (see LATTICE-LEAF); LACE'-MAN, one who deals in lace; LACE'-MEND'ER, one who repairs lace; LACE'-P[=A]'PER, paper stamped or cut by hand with an open-work pattern like lace; LACE'-PILL'OW, a cushion on which many various kinds of lace are made, held on the knees.--_adj._ L[=A]'CY, like lace.--ALENÇON LACE, a very fine point-lace, the most important made in France; APPLIQUÉ LACE, lace having sprigs or flowers sewed on net; BALLOON-NET LACE, a form of woven lace in which the freeing threads are peculiarly twisted about the warps; BRUSSELS LACE, an extremely fine lace with sprigs applied on a net ground; DUCHESSE LACE, a Belgian pillow-lace having beautiful designs with cord outlines, often in relief; GUIPURE LACE, any lace without a net ground, the pattern being held together by bars or brides; HONITON LACE, a lace made at _Honiton_ in Devonshire, remarkable for the beauty of its figures and sprigs; IMITATION LACE, any lace made by machinery; MECHLIN LACE, a lace with bobbin ground and designs outlined by thread or flat cord; SPANISH LACE, needle-point lace brought from Spanish convents since their dissolution--but probably of Flemish origin: cut and drawn work made in convents in Spain, of patterns usually confined to simple sprigs and flowers: a modern black-silk lace with large flower-patterns, mostly of Flemish make: a modern needle-point lace with large square designs; TAMBOUR LACE, a modern kind of lace made with needle-embroidery on machine-made net; TORCHON LACE, peasants' bobbin laces of loose texture and geometrical designs, much imitated by machinery; VALENCIENNES LACE, a fine bobbin lace having the design made with the ground and of the same thread. [O. Fr. _las_, a noose--L. _laqueus_, a noose.]

LACERATE, las'[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to tear: to rend: to wound: to afflict.--_adjs._ LAC'ERABLE, that may be lacerated; LAC'ERANT, harrowing; LAC'ERATE, -D, rent, torn: (_bot._) having the edges cut into irregular segments.--_n._ LACER[=A]'TION, act of lacerating: the rent made by tearing.--_adj._ LAC'ERATIVE, tearing: having power to tear. [L. _lacer[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to tear--_lacer_, torn.]

LACERTA, la-s[.e]r'ta, _n._ a genus of saurian reptiles, the name properly restricted to slender, active lizards.--_n._ and _adj._ LACER'TIAN, an animal belonging to the genus Lacerta.--_n._ LACERTIL'IA, an order of reptiles, including the lizards proper, &c.--_adjs._ LACERTIL'IAN; LACERTIL'IOID; LACER'TINE. [L.]

LACHES, läsh'[=e]z, _n._ (_law_) negligence or undue delay, such as to disentitle a person to a certain remedy, any negligence. [O. Fr. _lachesse_.]

LACHESIS, lak'e-sis, _n._ the one of the three Fates who assigned to each mortal his destiny--she spun the thread of life from the distaff held by Clotho. [Gr.]

LACHRYMAL, LACRYMAL, lak'ri-mal, _adj._ of or pertaining to tears, secreting tears, as in 'lachrymal duct,' the nasal duct, conveying tears from the eye to the nose.--_n._ one of the bones of the face, the _os unguis_, or nail-bone, in man.--_adj._ LACH'RYMARY, containing tears.--_n._ LACH'RYM[=A]TORY, a small slender glass vessel found in ancient sepulchres, apparently filled with the tears of mourners.--_adj._ LACH'RYMOSE, LAC'RYMOSE, shedding tears, or given to do so: lugubrious, mournful.--_adv._ LACH'RYMOSELY.--LACHRYMA CHRISTI, a wine of a sweet but piquant taste, produced from grapes grown on Mount Vesuvius, the best light red. [L. _lacryma_ (properly _lacrima_), a tear; Gr. _dakru_, Eng. _tear_.]

LACING, l[=a]s'ing, _n._ a fastening with a lace or cord through eyelet-holes: a cord used in fastening: in bookbinding, the cords by which the boards of a book are fastened to the back: in shipbuilding, the _knee of the head_, or _lace-piece_, a piece of compass or knee timber secured to the back of the figure-head: in mining, _lagging_, or cross-pieces of timber or iron placed to prevent ore from falling into a passage.

LACINIA, l[=a]-sin'i-a, _n._ a long incision in a leaf, &c.--also a narrow lobe resulting from such: in entomology, the apex of the maxilla.--_adjs._ LACIN'I[=A]TE, -D, cut into narrow lobes, fringed; LACIN'IFORM, fringe-like; LACIN'IOL[=A]TE, finely fringed. [L., a flap.]

LACK, lak, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to want: to be in want: to be destitute of: to miss.--_n._ want: destitution.--_ns._ LACK'-ALL, one who is destitute; LACK'-BRAIN (_Shak._), a fool.--_adjs._ LACK'-LIN'EN (_Shak._), wanting linen; LACK'-LUS'TRE, wanting brightness.--_n._ a want of brightness. [From an old Low Ger. root found in Dut. _lak_, blemish; cf. Ice. _lakr_, defective.]

LACKADAISICAL, lak-a-d[=a]'zi-kal, _adj._ affectedly pensive, sentimental.--_interj._ LACK'ADAISY=LACK-A-DAY. [_Alack-a-day_. See ALACK.]

LACK-A-DAY, lak-a-d[=a]', _interj._ See ALACK-A-DAY.

LACKER. See LACQUER.

LACKEY, lak'i, _n._ a menial attendant: a footman or footboy.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to pay servile attendance: to act as a footman. [O. Fr. _laquay_ (Fr. _laquais_)--Sp. _lacayo_, a lackey; perh. Ar. _luka`_, servile.]

LACMUS, lak'mus, _n._ the same as LITMUS (q.v.).

LACONIC, -AL, la-kon'ik, -al, _adj._ expressing in few words after the manner of the _Laconians_, _Lacedæmonians_, or _Spartans_: concise: pithy.--_adv._ LACON'ICALLY.--_ns._ LAC'ONISM, LACON'ICISM, a concise style: a short, pithy phrase. [L.,--Gr.]

LACQUER, LACKER, lak'[.e]r, _n._ a varnish made of lac and alcohol.--_v.t._ to cover with lacquer: to varnish.--_ns._ LAC'QUERER, one who varnishes or covers with lacquer; LAC'QUERING, the act of varnishing with lacquer: a coat of lacquer varnish. [Fr. _lacre_--Port. _lacre_, _laca_--Pers. _lac_, lac.]

LACROSSE, la-kros', _n._ a Canadian game of ball, played by two sets of eleven, the ball driven through the opponents' goal by means of the CROSSE, a bent stick, 5-6 ft. long, with a shallow net at one end. [Fr.]

LACTEAL, lak'te-al, _adj._ pertaining to or resembling milk: conveying chyle.--_n._ one of the absorbent vessels of the intestines which convey the chyle to the thoracic ducts.--_ns._ LAC'TARENE, LAC'TARINE, a preparation of the caseine of milk, used by calico-printers; LAC'T[=A]TE, a salt of lactic acid, and a base; LACT[=A]'TION, the act of giving milk: the period of suckling.--_adj._ LAC'TEOUS, milky, milk-like.--_n._ LACTESC'ENCE.--_adjs._ LACTESC'ENT, turning to milk: producing milk or white juice: milky; LAC'TIC, pertaining to milk; LACTIF'EROUS, LACTIF'IC, producing milk or white juice.--_ns._ LAC'TIFUGE, a medicine which checks the flow of milk; LAC'TOCRITE, an apparatus for testing the quantity of fatty substance in a sample of milk; LACTOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the quality of milk; LAC'TOSCOPE, an instrument for testing the purity or richness of milk by its degree of translucency; LAC'TOSE, a kind of sugar, only moderately sweet, obtained from milk by evaporating whey--also LAC'TINE; LACTUCA (lak-t[=u]'ka), a genus of herbs of the aster family, with milky juice.--_adj._ LACTUCIC (lak-t[=u]'sik).--LACTIC ACID, an acid obtained from milk. [L. _lacteus_, milky--_lac_, _lactis_, milk; Gr. _gala_, _galaktos_, milk.]

LACUNA, la-k[=u]'na, _n._ a gap or hiatus:--_pl._ LAC[=U]'NÆ.--_n._ LAC[=U]'NAR, a sunken panel or coffer in a ceiling or a soffit: a ceiling containing such.--_adjs._ LAC[=U]'NOSE, furrowed: pitted; LAC[=U]'NOUS. [L. _lacuna_, anything hollow--_lacus_, a lake.]

LACUSTRINE, la-kus'trin, _adj._ pertaining to lakes.--Also LACUS'TRAL, LACUS'TRIAN. [From L. _lacus_, a lake.]