Chapter II: Front Matter (2)

ELECT, e-lekt', _v.t._ to choose out: to select for any office or purpose: to select by vote.--_adj._ chosen: taken by preference from among others: chosen for an office but not yet in it (almost always after the noun, as 'consul elect').--_n._ one chosen or set apart.--_n._ ELEC'TION, the act of electing or choosing: the public choice of a person for office, usually by the votes of a constituent body: freewill: (_theol._) the exercise of God's sovereign will in the predetermination of certain persons to salvation: (_B._) those who are elected.--_v.i._ ELECTIONEER', to labour to secure the election of a candidate.--_n._ ELECTIONEER'ER.--_n._ and _adj._ ELECTIONEER'ING, the soliciting of votes and other business of an election.--_adj._ ELECT'IVE, pertaining to, dependent on, or exerting the power of choice.--_adv._ ELECT'IVELY.--_ns._ ELECTIV'ITY; ELECT'OR, one who elects: one who has a vote at an election: the title formerly belonging to those princes and archbishops of the German Empire who had the right to elect the Emperor:--_fem._ ELECT'RESS, ELECT'ORESS.--_adjs._ ELECT'ORAL, ELECT[=O]'RIAL, pertaining to elections or to electors: consisting of electors.--_ns._ ELECT'ORATE, the dignity or the territory of an elector: the body of electors; ELECT'ORSHIP.--THE ELECT (_theol._), those chosen by God for salvation. [L. _e_, out, _leg[)e]re_, to choose.]

ELECTRIC, e-lek'trik, _adj._ pertaining to or produced by electricity.--_n._ any electric substance: a non-conductor of electricity, as amber, glass, &c.--_adj._ ELEC'TRICAL.--_adv._ ELEC'TRICALLY.--_ns._ ELEC'TRIC-EEL (see GYMNOTUS); ELECTRI'CIAN, one who studies, or is versed in, the science of electricity; ELECTRIC'ITY, name of the cause of certain phenomena of attraction and repulsion: the phenomena themselves: the science which investigates the nature and laws of these phenomena.--_adj._ ELEC'TRIF[=I]ABLE.--_n._ ELECTRIFIC[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ ELEC'TRIFY, to communicate electricity to: to excite suddenly: to astonish: to adapt to electricity as the motive power:--_pa.p._ elec'trified.--_n._ ELEC'TRISATION.--_v.t._ ELEC'TR[=I]SE, to electrify.--_ns._ ELEC'TRODE, either of the poles of a galvanic battery; ELEC'TROLIER, a device for suspending a group of incandescent lamps; ELEC'TRUM, amber: an alloy of gold and silver.--ELECTRIC RAILWAY, a railway on which electricity is the motive-power; ELECTRIC SPARK, one of the forms in which accumulated electricity discharges itself; ELECTRIC STORM, a violent disturbance in the electrical condition of the earth. [L. _electrum_--Gr. _elektron_, amber, in which electricity was first observed.]

ELECTRO-BIOLOGY, e-lek'tro-b[=i]-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science which treats of the electricity developed in living organisms: that view of animal magnetism according to which the actions, feelings, &c. of a person are controlled by the will of the operator.--_adj._ ELEC'TRO-BALLIS'TIC, of an apparatus for determining by electricity the velocity of a projectile.--_ns._ ELEC'TRO-BIOL'OGIST; ELEC'TRO-CHEM'ISTRY, that branch of chemical science which treats of the agency of electricity in effecting chemical changes.--_v.t._ ELEC'TROCUTE, to inflict a death penalty by means of electricity.--_ns._ ELECTROC[=U]'TION, capital punishment by electricity; ELEC'TRO-DYNAM'ICS, the branch of physics which treats of the action of electricity; ELEC'TRO-DYNAMOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the strength of electro-dynamic action; ELEC'TRO-ENGRAV'ING, an etching process in which the etched plate is placed in an electro-bath to deepen the 'bite;' ELEC'TRO-GILD'ING, electroplating with gold; ELEC'TRO-KINET'ICS, that branch of science which treats of electricity in motion; ELECTROL'OGY, the science of applied electricity.--_v.t._ ELEC'TROLYSE, to subject to electrolysis.--_ns._ ELECTROL'YSIS, the process of chemical decomposition by electricity; ELEC'TROLYTE, a body which admits of electrolysis.--_adj._ ELECTROLYT'IC.--_n._ ELEC'TRO-MAG'NET, a piece of soft iron rendered magnetic by a current of electricity passing through a coil of wire wound round it.--_adj._ ELEC'TRO-MAGNET'IC.--_ns._ ELEC'TRO-MAG'NETISM, a branch of science which treats of the relation of electricity to magnetism; ELEC'TRO-MET'ALLURGY, a name given to certain processes by which electricity is applied to the working of metals, as in electroplating and electrotyping; ELECTROM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the quantity of electricity.--_adjs._ ELECTROMET'RIC, -AL, pertaining to the measurement of electricity.--_ns._ ELECTROM'ETRY, the science of electrical measurements; ELEC'TRO-M[=O]'TION, the passage of an electric current in a voltaic circuit: motion produced by electricity employed as power.--_adjs._ ELEC'TRO-M[=O]'TIVE, pertaining to the motion of electricity or the laws governing it.--_n._ ELEC'TRO-M[=O]'TOR, an apparatus for applying electricity as a motive-power.--_adj._ ELEC'TRO-NEG'ATIVE, appearing, as an element in electrolysis, at the positive electrode: having the property of becoming negatively electrified by contact with a dissimilar substance.--_ns._ ELEC'TROPH[=O]NE, an instrument for producing sounds resembling trumpet-tones by electric currents of high tension; ELECTROPH'ORUS, an instrument for obtaining statical electricity by means of induction; ELEC'TRO-PHYSIOL'OGY, the study of the electric phenomena of living organisms.--_v.t._ ELEC'TROPLATE, to plate or cover with silver by electrolysis.--_n._ ELEC'TROPLATING.--_adjs._ ELEC'TRO-P[=O]'LAR, having, as an electrical conductor, one end or surface positive and the other negative; ELEC'TRO-POS'ITIVE, attracted by bodies negatively electrified, or by the negative pole of a voltaic battery: assuming positive potential when in contact with another substance.--_ns._ ELEC'TROSCOPE, an instrument for detecting the presence of electricity in a body and the nature of it; ELEC'TRO-STAT'ICS, that branch of science which treats of electricity at rest; ELEC'TRO-TINT, a style of etching by means of galvanism; ELEC'TROTYPE, the art of copying an engraving or type on a metal deposited by electricity.--_adj._ ELECTROTYP'IC.--_ns._ ELEC'TROTYPIST; ELEC'TROTYPY, the art of copying.--_adj._ ELEC'TRO-V[=I]'TAL, electrical and dependent upon vital processes.

ELECTUARY, e-lek't[=u]-ar-i, _n._ a composition of medicinal powders with honey or sugar. [Low L. _electuarium_--Gr. _ekleikton_--_ekleichein_, to lick up.]

ELECTRON. See page 1208.

ELEEMOSYNARY, el-e-mos'i-nar-i, _adj._ relating to charity or almsgiving: dependent on charity: given in charity. [Gr. _ele[=e]mosyn[=e]_, compassionateness, alms--_eleos_, pity. See ALMS.]

ELEGANT, el'e-gant, _adj._ pleasing to good taste: graceful: neat: refined: nice: richly ornamental.--_ns._ EL'EGANCE, EL'EGANCY, the state or quality of being elegant: the beauty of propriety: refinement: that which is elegant; ELEGANTE (el-e-gangt'), a lady of fashion.--_adv._ EL'EGANTLY. [Fr.,--L. _elegans_, _-antis_--_e_, out, and root of _leg[)e]re_, to choose.]

ELEGY, el'e-ji, _n._ a song of mourning: a funeral-song: a poem written in elegiac metre.--_adj._ ELEG[=I]'AC, belonging to elegy: mournful: used in elegies, esp. noting the kind of metre, alternate hexameter and pentameter lines.--_n._ elegiac verse.--_adj._ ELEG[=I]'ACAL.--_ns._ EL[=E]'GIAST, EL'EGIST, a writer of elegies.--_v.i._ EL'EG[=I]SE, to write an elegy.--_v.t._ to write an elegy on. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _elegos_, a lament.]

ELEMENT, el'e-ment, _n._ a first principle: one of the essential parts of anything: an ingredient: the proper state or sphere of any thing or being: (_pl._) the rudiments of learning: the bread and wine used in the Eucharist: fire, air, earth, and water, supposed by the ancients to be the foundation of everything: (_chem._) the simplest known constituents of all compound substances: (_astron._) those numerical quantities, and those principles deduced from astronomical observations and calculations, which are employed in the construction of tables exhibiting the planetary motions.--_adj._ ELEMENT'AL, pertaining to elements or first principles: fundamental: belonging to or produced by elements.--_n._ ELEMENT'ALISM, the theory which resolves the divinities of antiquity into the elemental powers.--_adv._ ELEMENT'ALLY.--_adj._ ELEMENT'ARY, of a single element: primary: uncompounded: pertaining to the elements: treating of first principles.--ELEMENTAL SPIRITS, beings in medieval belief who presided over the four 'elements,' living in and ruling them. [Fr.,--L. _elementum_, pl. _elementà_, first principles.]

ELEMI, el'em-i, _n._ a fragrant resinous substance, obtained from the Manila pitch-tree, Arbol de la Brea.--_n._ EL'EMIN, the crystallisable portion of elemi. [Cf. Fr. _élémi_, Sp. _elemi_; perh. Ar.]

ELENCH, e-lengk', ELENCHUS, e-lengk'us, _n._ refutation: a sophism.--_adjs._ ELENCH'IC, -AL, ELENC'TIC. [L.,--Gr. _elengchos_--_elengchein_, to refute.]

ELEPHANT, el'e-fant, _n._ the largest quadruped, having a very thick skin, a trunk, and two ivory tusks: a special size of paper.--_ns._ ELEPHAN'TIAC, one affected with elephantiasis; ELEPHANT[=I]'ASIS, a disease chiefly of tropical climates, consisting of an overgrowth of the skin and connective tissue of the parts affected, with occasional attacks of inflammation resembling erysipelas.--_adjs._ ELEPHANT'INE, pertaining to an elephant: like an elephant: very large or ungainly; ELEPHANT'OID, elephant-like.--_ns._ EL'EPHANT-SEAL, the largest of the seals, the male measuring about 20 feet in length; EL'EPHANT'S-FOOT, a plant of which the root-stock forms a large fleshy mass resembling an elephant's foot, used as food by the Hottentots; EL'EPHANT-SHREW, name applied to a number of long-nosed, long-legged Insectivora, natives of Africa, and notable for their agile jumping over loose sand.--A WHITE ELEPHANT, a gift which occasions the recipient more trouble than it is worth--a white elephant being a common gift of the kings of Siam to a courtier they wished to ruin. [M. E. _olifaunt_--O. Fr. _olifant_--L. _elephantum_, _elephas_, _-antis_--Gr. _elephas_, acc. to some from Heb. _eleph_, _aleph_, an ox.]

ELEUSINIAN, el-[=u]-sin'i-an, _adj._ relating to _Eleusis_ in Attica.--ELEUSINIAN MYSTERIES, the mysteries of Demeter celebrated at Eleusis.

ELEUTHERIAN, el-[=u]-th[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ bountiful.

ELEUTHEROMANIA, el-[=u]th-er-o-m[=a]'ni-a, _n._ mad zeal for freedom.--_n._ ELEUTHEROM[=A]'NIAC (_Carlyle_), one possessed with such. [Formed from Gr. _eleutheros_, free, and _mania_.]

ELEVATE, el'e-v[=a]t, _v.t._ to raise to a higher position: to raise in mind and feelings: to improve: to cheer: to exhilarate: to intoxicate.--_p.adjs._ EL'EVATE, -D, raised: dignified: exhilarated.--_ns._ ELEV[=A]'TION, the act of elevating or raising, or the state of being raised: exaltation: an elevated place or station: a rising ground: height: (_archit._) a representation of the flat side of a building, drawn with mathematical accuracy, but without any attention to effect: (_astron._, _geog._) the height above the horizon of an object on the sphere, measured by the arc of a vertical circle through it and the zenith: (_gun._) the angle made by the line of direction of a gun with the plane of the horizon; EL'EVATOR, the person or thing that lifts up: a lift or machine for raising grain, &c., to a higher floor: a muscle raising a part of the body.--_adj._ EL'EVATORY, able or tending to raise. [L. _elev[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, out, up, _lev[=a]re_, to raise--_levis_, light. See LIGHT (2).]

ELÈVE, [=a]-lev', _n._ a pupil. [Fr.]

ELEVEN, e-lev'n, _n._ the cardinal number next above ten: the figure (11 or xi.) denoting eleven: a team of eleven cricketers.--_adj._ noting the number eleven.--_adj._ and _n._ ELEV'ENTH, the ordinal number corresponding to eleven.--ELEVENTH HOUR, the very last moment, referring to Matt. xx. 6, 9. [A.S. _endleofon_; cf. Goth. _ainlif_.]

ELF, elf, _n._ in European folklore, a supernatural being, generally of human form but diminutive size, more malignant than a fairy: a dwarf: a tricky being:--(_pl._) ELVES.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) of the hair, to entangle.--_n._ ELF'-CHILD, a changeling, or a child supposed to have been left by elves in place of one stolen by them.--_adj._ ELF'IN, of or relating to elves.--_n._ a little elf: a child.--_adjs._ ELF'ISH, ELV'AN, ELV'ISH, elf-like, mischievous: tricky: disguised.--_n._ ELF'-LAND, the land of the elves or fairies.--_n.pl._ ELF'-LOCKS (_Shak._) locks of hair clotted together, supposed to have been done by elves.--_ns._ ELF'-SHOT, ELF'-BOLT, ELF'-AR'ROW, an arrow-head of flint or stone. [A.S. _ælf_; cf. Ice. _álfr_, Sw. _elf_.]

ELGIN MARBLES. See MARBLE.

ELICIT, e-lis'it, _v.t._ to entice: to bring to light: to deduce.--_n._ ELICIT[=A]'TION. [L. _elic[)e]re_, _elicitum_.]

ELIDE, e-l[=i]d', _v.t._ to rebut: to cut off, as a syllable.--_n._ ELI'SION, the suppression of a vowel or syllable. [L. _elid[)e]re_, _elisum_--_e_, out, _læd[)e]re_, to strike.]

ELIGIBLE, el'i-ji-bl, _adj._ fit or worthy to be chosen: legally qualified: desirable.--_n._ (_coll._) a person or thing eligible.--_ns._ EL'IGIBLENESS, ELIGIBIL'ITY, fitness to be elected or chosen: the state of being preferable to something else: desirableness.--_adv._ EL'IGIBLY. [Fr.,--L. _elig[)e]re_. See ELECT, _v.t._]

ELIMINATE, [=e]-lim'in-[=a]t, _v.t._ to thrust out: to remove, cancel: to leave out of consideration.--_adj._ ELIM'INABLE.--_n._ ELIMIN[=A]'TION. [L. _elimin[)a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, out, _limen_, _liminis_, a threshold.]

ELIQUATION, same as LIQUATION. See LIQUATE.

ELISION. See ELIDE.

ELITE, [=a]-l[=e]t, _n._ a chosen or select part: the best of anything. [Fr. _élite_--L. _electa_ (_pars_, a part, understood). See ELECT, _v.t._]

ELIXIR, e-liks'[.e]r, _n._ more fully, ELIXIR VITÆ, or ELIXIR OF LIFE, a liquor once supposed to have the power of indefinitely prolonging life or of transmuting metals: the quintessence of anything: a substance which invigorates: (_med._) a compound tincture. [Low L.,--Ar. _al-iks[=i]r_, the philosopher's stone, from _al-_, the, _iks[=i]r_, prob. from Late Gr. _x[=e]rion_, a desiccative powder for wounds--Gr. _x[=e]ros_, dry.]

ELIZABETHAN, e-liz-a-beth'an, _adj._ pertaining to Queen _Elizabeth_ (1533-1603) or her time--of dress, manners, literature, &c.--_n._ a poet or dramatist of that age.--ELIZABETHAN ARCHITECTURE, a name applied to the mixed style which sprang up on the decline of Gothic, marked by Tudor bow-windows and turrets decorated with classic cornices and pilasters, long galleries, enormous square windows, large apartments, plaster ceilings wrought into compartments, &c.

ELK, elk, _n._ the largest species of deer, found in the north of Europe and in North America.--IRISH ELK, a giant deer now extinct, known from the remains found in the Pleistocene diluvium, esp. of Ireland. [Perh. from the Scand., Ice. _elgr_, Sw. _elg_.]

ELL, el, _n._ a measure of length originally taken from the arm: a cloth measure equal to 1¼ yd.--_n._ ELL'WAND, a measuring rod.--GIVE HIM AN INCH AND HE'LL TAKE AN ELL, a proverb, signifying that to yield one point entails the yielding of all. [A.S. _eln_; Dut. _el_, Ger. _elle_, L. _ulna_, Gr. _[=o]len[=e]_.]

ELLAGIC, e-laj'ik, _adj._ pertaining to gall-nuts.

ELLEBORIN, el'[=e]-b[=o]-rin, _n._ a very acrid resin found in winter hellebore.

ELLIPSE, el-lips', _n._ an oval: (_geom._) a figure produced by the section of a cone by a plane passing obliquely through the opposite sides.--_ns._ ELLIP'SIS (_gram._), a figure of syntax by which a word or words are left out and implied:--_pl._ ELLIP'S[=E]S; ELLIP'SOGRAPH, an instrument for describing ellipses; ELLIP'SOID (_math._), a surface every plane section of which is an ellipse.--_adjs._ ELLIPSOI'DAL; ELLIP'TIC, -AL, pertaining to an ellipse: oval: pertaining to ellipsis: having a part understood.--_adv._ ELLIP'TICALLY.--_n._ ELLIPTIC'ITY, deviation from the form of a circle or sphere: of the earth, the difference between the equatorial and polar diameters. [L.,--Gr. _elleipsis_--_elleipein_, to fall short--_en_, in, _leipein_, to leave.]

ELLOPS, el'ops, _n._ a kind of serpent or fish. [Gr.]

ELM, elm, _n._ a genus of trees of the natural order _Ulmaceæ_, with serrated leaves unequal at the base, and small flowers growing in clusters appearing before the leaves.--_adjs._ ELM'EN, made of elm; ELM'Y, abounding with elms. [A.S. _elm_; Ger. _ulme_, L. _ulmus_.]

ELMO'S FIRE, el'm[=o]z f[=i]r, _n._ the popular name of an electric appearance sometimes seen like a brush or star of light at the tops of masts, spars, &c.--Also known as the Fire of St Elias, of St Clara, of St Nicholas, and of Helena, as well as _composite_ or _composant_ (_corpus sanctum_) on the Suffolk sea-board. [Explained as a corr. of _Helena_, name of the sister of Castor and Pollux, or of St Erasmus, a 3d-cent. bishop, Italianised as _Ermo_, _Elmo_.]

ELOCUTION, el-o-k[=u]'shun, _n._ the art of effective speaking, more esp. of public speaking, regarding solely the utterance or delivery: eloquence.--_adj._ ELOC[=U]'TIONARY.--_n._ ELOC[=U]'TIONIST, one versed in elocution: a teacher of elocution. [Fr.,--L. _elocution-em_, _eloqui_, _eloc[=u]tus_--_e_, out, _loqui_, to speak.]

ÉLOGE, [=a]-l[=o]zh', ELOGIUM, [=e]-l[=o]'ji-um, ELOGY, el'o-ji, _n._ a funeral oration: a panegyric.--_n._ EL'OGIST, one who delivers an éloge. [Fr. _éloge_--L. _elogium_, a short statement, an inscription on a tomb, perh. confused with _eulogy_.]

ELOHIM, e-l[=o]'him, _n._ the Hebrew name for God.--_n._ EL[=O]'HIST, the writer or writers of the Elohistic passages of the Old Testament.--_adj._ ELOHIST'IC, relating to Elohim--said of those passages in the Old Testament in which Elohim is used as the name for the Supreme Being instead of Jehovah. [Heb., pl. of _Eloah_--explained by Delitzsch as a plural of intensity.]

ELOIN, ELOIGN, e-loin', _v.t._ to convey to a distance, to separate and remove.--_ns._ ELOIN'MENT, ELOIGN'MENT. [O. Fr. _esloignier_ (Fr. _éloigner_)--Low L. _elong[=a]re_. See ELONGATE.]

ELONGATE, e-long'g[=a]t, _v.t._ to make longer: to extend.--_p.adjs._ ELONG'ATE, -D.--_n._ ELONG[=A]'TION, act of lengthening out: distance. [Low L. _elong[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, out, _longus_, long.]

ELOPE, e-l[=o]p, _v.i._ to escape privately, said esp. of a woman, either married or unmarried, who runs away with a lover: to run away, bolt.--_n._ ELOPE'MENT, a secret departure, esp. of a woman with a man. [Cf. Old Dut. _ontl[=o]pen_, Ger. _entlaufen_, to run away.]

ELOQUENT, el'o-kwent, _adj._ having the power of speaking with fluency, elegance, and force: containing eloquence: persuasive.--_n._ EL'OQUENCE, the utterance of strong emotion in correct, appropriate, expressive, and fluent language: the art which produces fine speaking: persuasive speech.--_adv._ EL'OQUENTLY. [L. _eloquens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _eloqui_.]

ELSE, els, _pron._ other.--_adv._ otherwise: besides: except that mentioned.--_advs._ ELSE'WHERE, in or to another place; ELSE'WISE, in a different manner: otherwise. [A.S. _elles_, otherwise--orig. gen. of _el_, other; cf. Old High Ger. _alles_ or _elles_.]

ELSIN, el'sin, _n._ (_Scot._) an awl. [From Old Dut. _elssene_ (mod. _els_), from same root as _awl_.]

ELTCHI. Same as ELCHEE.

ELUCIDATE, e-l[=u]'si-d[=a]t, _v.t._ to make lucid or clear: to throw light upon: to illustrate.--_n._ ELUCID[=A]'TION.--_adjs._ EL[=U]'CIDATIVE, EL[=U]'CIDATORY, making clear: explanatory.--_n._ EL[=U]'CIDATOR. [Low L. _elucid[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, inten., _lucidus_, clear.]

ELUCUBRATION. Same as LUCUBRATION.

ELUDE, e-l[=u]d', _v.t._ to escape by stratagem: to baffle.--_adj._ EL[=U]'DIBLE.--_n._ EL[=U]'SION, act of eluding: evasion.--_adj._ EL[=U]'SIVE, practising elusion: deceptive.--_adv._ EL[=U]'SIVELY.--_n._ EL[=U]'SORINESS.--_adj._ EL[=U]'SORY, tending to elude or cheat: evasive: deceitful. [L. _elud[)e]re_, _elusum_--_e_, out, _lud[)e]re_, to play.]

ELUL, [=e]'lul, _n._ the 12th month of the Jewish civil year, and 6th of the ecclesiastical. [Heb.,--_âlal_, to reap.]

ELUTRIATE, e-l[=u]'tri-[=a]t, _v.t._ to separate by means of water the finer particles of earth and pigments from the heavier portions.--_ns._ EL[=U]'TION, washing from impurity; ELUTRI[=A]'TION. [L. _elutri[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to wash out, _elu[)e]re_--_e_, out, _lu[)e]re_, to wash.]

ELVAN, elv'an, _n._ the miner's name in the south-west of England for a granular crystalline rock, composed of quartz and orthoclase, which forms veins associated with granite.--Also ELV'ANITE. [Prob. Corn. _elven_, spark.]

ELVAN, ELVES, ELVISH. See under ELF.

ELYSIUM, e-lizh'i-um, _n._ (_myth._) among the Greeks, the abode of the blessed after death: any delightful place.--_adj._ ELYS'IAN, pertaining to Elysium: delightful: glorious. [L.,--Gr. _[=e]lysion_ (_pedion_), the Elysian (plain).]

ELYTRUM, el'it-rum, _n._ the fore-wing of beetles, modified to form more or less hard coverings for the hind pair--also EL'YTRON:--_pl._ EL'YTRA.--_adjs._ EL'YTRAL; ELYT'RIFORM; ELYTRIG'EROUS. [Gr. _elytron_, a sheath.]

ELZEVIR, el'ze-vir, _adj._ published by the _Elzevirs_, a celebrated family of printers at Amsterdam, Leyden, and other places in Holland, whose small neat editions were chiefly published between 1592 and 1681: pertaining to the type used in their 12mo and 16mo editions of the Latin classics.--_n._ a special form of printing types.

EM, em, _n._ the name of the letter M: (_print._) the unit of measurement in estimating how much is printed on a page.

'EM, [.e]m, _pron._ him: (_coll._) them. [Orig. the unstressed form of _hem_, dat. and accus. pl. of _he_; but now used coll. as an abbreviation of _them_.]

EMACIATE, e-m[=a]'shi-[=a]t, _v.t._ to make meagre or lean: to deprive of flesh: to waste.--_v.i._ to become lean: to waste away.--_p.adjs._ EM[=A]'CIATE, -D.--_n._ EMACI[=A]'TION, the condition of becoming emaciated or lean: leanness. [L. _emaci[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, inten., _maci[=a]re_, to make lean--_macies_, leanness.]

EMANATE, em'a-n[=a]t, _v.i._ to flow out or from: to proceed from some source: to arise.--_adj._ EM'ANANT, flowing from.--_ns._ EMAN[=A]'TION, a flowing out from a source, as the universe considered as issuing from the essence of God: the _generation_ of the Son and the _procession_ of the Spirit, as distinct from the origination of created beings: that which issues or proceeds from some source; EM'ANATIST.--_adjs._ EM'ANATIVE, EM'ANATORY, EMAN[=A]'TIONAL. [L. _eman[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, out from, _man[=a]re_, to flow.]

EMANCIPATE, e-man'si-p[=a]t, _v.t._ to set free from servitude: to free from restraint or bondage of any kind.--_ns._ EMANCIP[=A]'TION, the act of setting free from bondage or disability of any kind: the state of being set free; EMANCIP[=A]'TIONIST, an advocate of the emancipation of slaves; EMAN'CIPATOR; EMAN'CIPIST, a convict who has served his time of punishment in a penal colony. [L. _emancip[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, away from, _mancip[=a]re_, to transfer property--_manceps_, _-cipis_, one who gets property, from _manus_, the hand, _cap[)e]re_, to take.]

EMARGINATE, e-mär'jin-[=a]t, _v.t._ to take away the margin of.--_p.adj._ (_bot._) depressed and notched instead of pointed at the summit, as a leaf: (_min._) having all the edges of the primitive form crossed by a face: (_zool._) having the margin broken by a notch or segment of a circle.--_n._ EMARGIN[=A]'TION. [L. _emargin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, out, _margin[=a]re_, to provide with a margin--_margo_, a margin.]

EMASCULATE, e-mas'k[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to deprive of the properties of a male: to castrate: to deprive of masculine vigour: to render effeminate.--_ns._ EMASCUL[=A]'TION; EMAS'CUL[=A]TOR.--_adj._ EMAS'CUL[=A]TORY. [Low L. _emascul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, neg., _masculus_, dim. of _mas_, a male.]

EMBACE, em-b[=a]s', _v.t._ (_Spens._). Same as EMBASE.

EMBALE, em-b[=a]l', _v.t._ to make up, as into a bale: to bind up: to enclose. [Fr. _emballer_--_em_--L. _in_, _balle_, a bale.]

EMBALL, em-bawl', _v.t._ to encircle: ensphere.--_n._ EMBALL'ING.

EMBALM, em-bäm', _v.t._ to preserve from decay by aromatic drugs, as a dead body: to perfume: to preserve with care and affection.--_ns._ EMBALM'ER; EMBALM'ING; EMBALM'MENT. [Fr. _embaumer_, from _em_, in, and _baume_. See BALM.]

EMBANK, em-bangk', _v.t._ to enclose or defend with a bank or dike.--_n._ EMBANK'MENT, the act of embanking: a bank or mound made to keep water within certain limits: a mound constructed so as to carry a level road or railway over a low-lying place. [Coined from _em_, in, and _bank_.]

EMBAR, em-bär', _v.t._ to shut in; to hinder or stop:--_pr.p._ embar'ring; _pa.p._ embarred'.--_n._ EMBAR'RING.

EMBARCATION. Same as EMBARKATION.

EMBARGO, em-bär'g[=o], _n._ a temporary order from the Admiralty to prevent the arrival or departure of ships: a stoppage of trade for a short time by authority:--_pl._ EMBAR'GOES.--_v.t._ to lay an embargo on: to seize.--_pr.p._ embar'g[=o]ing; _pa.p._ embar'g[=o]ed. [Sp.,--_embargar_, to impede, to restrain--Sp. _em_, in, _barra_, a bar. See BARRICADE and EMBARRASS.]

EMBARK, em-bärk', _v.t._ to put on board ship: to engage in any affair.--_v.i._ to go on board ship: to engage in a business: to enlist.--_n._ EMBARK[=A]'TION, a putting or going on board: that which is embarked: (_obs._) a vessel.--_p.adjs._ EMBARKED'; EMBARK'ING.--_n._ EMBARK'MENT. [Fr. _embarquer_, from _em_, in, _barque_, a bark.]

EMBARRASS, em-bar'as, _v.t._ to encumber: to involve in difficulty, esp. in money matters: to perplex.--_p.adj._ EMBARR'ASSED, perplexed: constrained.--_n._ EMBARR'ASSMENT, perplexity or confusion: difficulties in money matters.--EMBARRAS DES RICHESSES, a superabundance of materials, an abundance so great that choice is difficult. [Fr. _embarrasser_--_em_, in, _barre_, bar.]

EMBASE, em-b[=a]z', _v.t._ (_obs._) to bring down: to degrade.--_p.adj._ EMBASED'.--_n._ EMBASE'MENT. [_Em_ and _base_.]

EMBASSY, em'bas-i, _n._ the charge or function of an ambassador: the person or persons sent on an undertaking.--_ns._ EM'BASSADE, EM'BASSAGE (same as AMBASSAGE); EMBASS'ADOR (same as AMBASSADOR).

EMBATHE, em-b[=a]_th_' _v.t._ to bathe.

EMBATTLE, em-bat'l, _v.t._ to furnish with battlements.--_p.adj._ EMBATT'LED, furnished with battlements: (_her._) having the outline like a battlement.--_n._ EMBATT'LEMENT (same as BATTLEMENT). [_Em_, and O. Fr. _bastiller_, from the same root as _battlement_, _bastille_, and _baste_, to sew. The form of this word is due to a confusion with Eng. _battle_.]

EMBATTLE, em-bat'l, _v.t._ to range in order of battle: to arm--_p.adj._ EMBATT'LED, arranged for battle. [O. Fr. _embataillier_--_en_, in, _bataille_, battle.]

EMBAY, em-b[=a]', _v.t._ to enclose in a bay: to land-lock.--_n._ EMBAY'MENT, a bay. [_Em_, in, into, and _bay_.]

EMBAY, em-b[=a]', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to bathe. [_Em_, in, and Fr. _baigner_. See BAGNIO.]

EMBED, em-bed', IMBED, im-, _v.t._ to place in a mass of matter: to lay, as in a bed.--_n._ EMBED'MENT, the act of embedding: state of being embedded.

EMBELLISH, em-bel'ish, _v.t._ to make beautiful with ornaments: to decorate: to make graceful: to illustrate pictorially, as a book.--_n._ EMBELL'ISHER.--_adv._ EMBELL'ISHINGLY.--_n._ EMBELL'ISHMENT, act of embellishing or adorning: decoration: ornament. [Fr. _embellir_, _embellissant_--_em_, in, _bel_, _beau_, beautiful.]

EMBER, em'b[.e]r, _n._ a live piece of coal or wood: chiefly in _pl._ red-hot ashes: smouldering remains of a fire. [A.S. _['æ]merge_; Ice. _eimyrja_. The _b_ is simply euphonic.]

EMBER-DAYS, em'b[.e]r-d[=a]z, _n.pl._ the three Fast-days in each quarter (Wednesday, Friday, Saturday)--following the first Sunday in Lent, Whitsunday, Holy Cross Day (Sept. 14th), and St Lucia's Day (Dec. 13th).--_n._ EM'BER-WEEK, the week in which the ember-days occur. [A.S. _ymbryne_, a circuit--_ymb_, round (Ger. _um_, L. _ambi-_), and _ryne_, a running, from _rinnan_, to run.]

EMBER-GOOSE, em'b[.e]r-g[=oo]s, _n._ a kind of sea-fowl, the Great Northern Diver. [Norw. _emmer_; Ger. _imber_.]

EMBEZZLE, em-bez'l, _v.t._ to appropriate fraudulently what has been entrusted.--_ns._ EMBEZZ'LEMENT, fraudulent appropriation of another's property by the person to whom it was entrusted; EMBEZZ'LER. [Perh. from root of _imbecile_, the primary sense being to weaken: (_obs._) BEZZ'LE, to squander, from O. Fr. _besiler_, to destroy, is the same word.]

EMBITTER, em-bit'[.e]r, _Imbitter_, im-, _v.t._ to make bitter: to increase (ill-feeling).--_p.adj._ EMBITT'ERED, soured.--_n._ EMBITT'ERER.--_p.adj._ EMBITT'ERING.--_n._ EMBITT'ERMENT.

EMBLAZON, em-bl[=a]'zn, _v.t._ to deck in blazing colours: (_her._) to blazon or adorn with figures: to depict heraldically.--_v.t._ EMBLAZE', to illuminate.--_ns._ EMBL[=A]'ZONER; EMBL[=A]'ZONMENT, an emblazoning; EMBL[=A]'ZONRY, the art of emblazoning or adorning: devices on shields. [_Em_, and _blaze_, _blazon_.]

EMBLEM, em'blem, _n._ a picture representing to the mind something different from itself: a type or symbol: (_Milton_) an inlaid ornament.--_v.t._ to symbolise.--_n._ EMBL[=E]'MA, an inlaid ornament:--_pl._ EMBL[=E]'MATA.--_adjs._ EMBLEMAT'IC, -AL, pertaining to or containing emblems: symbolical: representing.--_adv._ EMBLEMAT'ICALLY.--_v.t._ EMBLEM'ATISE, EM'BLEMISE, to represent by an emblem:--_pr.p._ emblem'at[=i]sing; _pa.p._ emblem'at[=i]sed.--_n._ EMBLEM'ATIST, a writer or inventor of emblems. [L. _embl[=e]ma_--Gr. _em_ (=_en_), in, _ballein_, to cast.]

EMBLEMENTS, em'bl-ments, _n.pl._ crops raised by the labour of the cultivator, but not fruits nor grass. [O. Fr. _emblaer_, to sow with corn--Low L. _imblad[=a]re_--_in_, in, _bladum_, wheat.]

EMBLOOM, em-bl[=oo]m', _v.t._ to cover with bloom.

EMBLOSSOM, em-blos'om, _v.t._ to cover with blossom.

EMBODY, em-bod'i, IMBODY, im-, _v.t._ to form into a body: to make corporeal: to make tangible: to express (an idea in words): to organise.--_v.i._ to unite in a body or mass.--_p.adj._ EMBOD'IED.--_n._ EMBOD'IMENT, act of embodying: state of being embodied: that in which something is embodied. [_Em_, in, and _body_.]

EMBOGUE, em-b[=o]g', _v.i._ to discharge itself.

EMBOIL, em-boil', _v.i._ (_Spens._) to burn with anger.--_v.t._ to cause to burn with anger: to irritate.

EMBOLDEN, em-b[=o]ld'n, IMBOLDEN, im-, _v.t._ to make bold or courageous. [_Em_, to make, and _bold_.]

EMBOLISM, em'bo-lizm, _n._ the insertion of days in an account of time to produce regularity: an intercalated prayer for deliverance from evil coming after the Lord's Prayer: (_med._) the presence of obstructing clots in the blood-vessels.--_adjs._ EMBOLIS'MAL, EMBOLIS'MIC.--_n._ EM'BOLUS, the clot of fibrin obstructing a blood-vessel, causing embolism. [Fr.,--Gr. _embolismos_--_emballein_, to cast in.]

EMBONPOINT, ang-bong-pwang', _adj._ stout, plump, full in figure, mostly of women: well-fed.--_n._ stoutness, plumpness, well-fed condition. [Fr.,--_en bon point_, in good form.]

EMBORDER, em-bord'[.e]r, _v.t._ (_Milton_) to border.

EMBOSCATA, em-bos-k[=a]'ta, _n._ an erroneous form of It. _imboscáta_, an ambuscade.

EMBOSOM, em-booz'um, IMBOSOM, im-, _v.t._ to take into the bosom: to receive into the affections: to enclose or surround. [_Em_, in, into, and _bosom_.]

EMBOSS, em-bos', _v.t._ to produce (a raised pattern) by pressure upon sheet-metal, leather, cloth, &c.: to ornament with raised-work: (_Spens._) to cover with armour: to be wrapped in.--_p.adj._ EMBOSSED', formed or covered with bosses: raised, standing out in relief: (_bot._) having a protuberance in the centre.--_ns._ EMBOSS'ER; EMBOSS'MENT, a prominence like a boss: raised-work. [_Em_, in, into, and _boss_.]

EMBOSS, em-bos', _v.i._ (_Milton_) to plunge into the depths of a wood.--_v.t._ to make to foam at the mouth. [O. Fr. _embosquer_, _em_--L. _in_, in, _bosc_, a wood. See AMBUSH.]

EMBOUCHURE, ang-boo-shür', _n._ the mouth of a river: the mouth-hole of a wind musical instrument. [Fr.,--_em-boucher_, to put to the mouth--_en_, in, _bouche_, a mouth.]

EMBOUND, em-bownd', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to bound, enclose.

EMBOW, em-b[=o]', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to bow or arch.--_p.adj._ EMBOWED', arched, vaulted: bent like a bow: the heraldic term noting anything bent like a bow--as, e.g., the arm of a man. [_Em_ and _bow_.]

EMBOWEL, em-bow'el, _v.t._ properly, to enclose in something else; but also used for disembowel, to remove the entrails from:--_pr.p._ embow'elling; _pa.p._ embow'elled.--_n._ EMBOW'ELMENT. [_Em_, in, into, and _bowel_.]

EMBOWER, em-bow'er, IMBOWER, im-, _v.t._ to place in a bower: to shelter, as with trees.--_p.adjs._ EMBOW'ERED; EMBOW'ERING.--_n._ EMBOW'ERMENT. [_Em_, in, and _bower_.]

EMBOX, em-boks', _v.t._ to set in a box. [_Em_, in, _box_.]

EMBRACE, em-br[=a]s', _v.t._ to take in the arms: to press to the bosom with affection: to take eagerly or willingly: to comprise: to admit, adopt, or receive.--_v.i._ to join in an embrace.--_n._ an embracing: fond pressure in the arms.--_ns._ EMBRACE'MENT; EMBRAC'ER.--_adjs._ EMBRAC'ING, EMBRAC'IVE.--_adv._ EMBRAC'INGLY.--_n._ EMBRAC'INGNESS. [O. Fr. _embracer_ (Fr. _embrasser_)--L. _in_, in, into, _bracchium_, an arm. See BRACE.]

EMBRACE, em-br[=a]s', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to brace, to fasten, or bind:--_pr.p._ embrac'ing; _pa.p._ embraced'. [_Em_, in, and _brace_.]

EMBRACER, em-br[=a]'ser, _n._ (_law_) one who influences jurors by corrupt means to deliver a partial verdict--also EMBR[=A]'CEOR, EMBR[=A]'SOR.--_n._ EMBRAC'ERY, the offence of an embracer. [O. Fr. _embraceor_, from _embraser_, to set on fire.]

EMBRAID, em-br[=a]d', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to braid.

EMBRANCHMENT, em-bransh'ment, _n._ a branching off, as an arm of a river, a spur of a mountain, &c. [Fr.]

EMBRANGLE, em-brang'gl, IMBRANGLE, im-, _v.t._ to confuse, perplex.--_n._ EMBRAN'GLEMENT. [_Em_, in, and _brangle_.]

EMBRASURE (_Shak._)=EMBRACEMENT.

EMBRASURE, em-br[=a]'zh[=u]r, _n._ a door or window with the sides slanted on the inside: an opening in a wall for cannon. [Fr.,--O. Fr. _embraser_, to slope the sides of a window, _em_--L. _in_, _braser_, to skew.]

EMBRAVE, em-br[=a]v', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to make brave or showy, to decorate: to inspire with bravery.

EMBREAD, _v.t._ (_Spens._) embraid.

EMBREATHE, em-br[=e]_th_', _v.t._ to breathe into, to inspire with. [_En_ and _breathe_.]

EMBROCATE, em'br[=o]-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to moisten and rub, as a sore with a lotion.--_n._ EMBROC[=A]'TION, act of embrocating: the lotion used. [Low L. _embroc[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, from Gr. _embroch[=e]_, a lotion--_embrechein_, to soak in--_em_ (=_en_), in, into, _brechein_, to wet.]

EMBROGLIO=IMBROGLIO.

EMBROIDER, em-broid'[.e]r, _v.t._ to ornament with designs in needlework, originally on the border.--_ns._ EMBROID'ERER; EMBROID'ERY, the art of producing ornamental patterns by means of needlework on textile fabrics, &c.: ornamental needlework: variegation or diversity: artificial ornaments. [M. E. _embrouderie_--O. Fr. _embroder_, _em_, and _broder_, prob. Celt., acc. to Skeat. Bret. _brouda_, to pierce; confused with Fr. _border_, to border.]

EMBROIL, em-broil', _v.t._ to involve in a broil, or in perplexity (_with_): to entangle: to distract: to throw into confusion.--_n._ EMBROIL'MENT, a state of perplexity or confusion: disturbance. [Fr. _embrouiller_--_em_, in, _brouiller_, to break out.]

EMBRONZE, em-bronz', _v.t._ to form in bronze.

EMBROWN, em-brown', IMBROWN, im-, _v.t._ to make brown: to darken, obscure.--_p.adj._ EMBROWN'ING.

EMBRUE, em-br[=oo]', _v.t._ Same as IMBRUE.

EMBRYO, em'bri-[=o], EMBRYON, em'bri-on, _n._ the young of an animal in its earliest stages of development: the part of a seed which forms the future plant: the beginning of anything:--_pl._ EM'BRYOS, EM'BRYONS.--_ns._ EMBRYOC'TOMY, destruction of the fetus in the uterus; EMBRYOG'ENY, the formation and development of the embryo; EMBRYOG'RAPHY, description of the embryo.--_adjs._ EMBRYOLOG'IC, -AL, of or pertaining to embryology.--_ns._ EMBRYOL'OGIST; EMBRYOL'OGY, science of the embryo or fetus of animals.--_adjs._ EM'BRYONATE, -D, in the state of an embryo; EMBRYON'IC, EMBRYOT'IC, of or relating to anything in an imperfect state: rudimentary.--_ns._ EMBRYOT'OMY, the division of a fetus to effect delivery; EMBRYUL'CIA, forcible extraction of a fetus. [Low L.,--Gr. _embryon_--_em_ (=_en_), in, _bryein_, to swell.]

EME, [=e]m, _n._ (_obs._) an uncle. [A.S. _éam_; Dut. _oom_.]

EMEND, e-mend', _v.t._ to remove faults or blemishes from: to correct or improve.--_adj._ EMEND'ABLE, that may be emended.--_n.pl._ EMEND'ALS, funds set apart for repairs in the accounts of the Inner Temple.--_v.t._ EM'ENDATE, to correct errors.--_ns._ EMEND[=A]'TION, removal of an error or fault: correction; EM'END[=A]TOR, a corrector of errors in writings: one who corrects or improves.--_adj._ EMEN'D[=A]TORY, mending or contributing to correction. [L. _emend[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, out, _menda_, a fault.]

EMERALD, em'[.e]r-ald, _n._ a very highly esteemed mineral of the same species with the beryl, from which it differs in scarcely anything but its colour, a beautiful velvety green.--_n._ EM'ERALD-COPP'ER (see DIOPTASE).--EMERALD ISLE, a name for Ireland, owing to its greenness; EMERALD TYPE (_print._), a small size of type. [O. Fr. _esmeralde_--L. _smaragdus_--Gr. _smaragdos_.]

EMERGE, e-m[.e]rj', _v.i._ to rise out of: to issue or come forth: to reappear after being concealed: to come into view: to result.--_ns._ EMER'GENCE, EMER'GENCY, act of emerging: sudden appearance: an unexpected occurrence: pressing necessity; EMER'GENCY-MAN, a man provided for any special service, esp. in Irish evictions, and in saving the crops and other property of men boycotted.--_adj._ EMER'GENT, emerging: suddenly appearing: arising unexpectedly: urgent.--_adv._ EMER'GENTLY.--_n._ EMER'SION, act of emerging: (_astron._) the reappearance of a heavenly body after being eclipsed by another or by the sun's brightness. [L. _emerg[)e]re_, _emersum_--_e_, out of, _merg[)e]re_, to plunge.]

EMERITUS, e-mer'i-tus, _adj._ honourably discharged from the performance of public duty, esp. noting a retired professor.--_n._ one who has been honourably discharged from public duties:--_pl._ EMER'ITI. [L. _emeritus_, having served one's time--_emer[=e]ri_, to deserve, do one's duty--_e_, sig. completeness, and _mer[=e]re_, to deserve.]

EMERODS, em'e-rodz, _n.pl._ (_B._) now HEMORRHOIDS.

EMERY, em'[.e]r-i, _n._ a very hard mineral, a variety of corundum, used as powder for polishing, &c.--_v.t._ to rub or coat with emery.--_ns._ EM'ERY-P[=A]'PER, paper covered with emery-powder for polishing; EM'ERY-POW'DER, ground emery; EM'ERY-WHEEL, a wheel coated with emery for polishing. [O. Fr. _esmeril_, _emeril_--Low L. _smericulum_--Gr. _sm[=e]ris_--_smaein_, to rub.]

EMETIC, e-met'ik, _adj._ causing vomiting.--_n._ a medicine that causes vomiting.--_n._ EM'ESIS, vomiting.--_adj._ EMET'ICAL.--_adv._ EMET'ICALLY.--_n._ EM'ETIN, the alkaloid forming the active principle of ipecacuanha-root, violently emetic.--_adj._ EM'ETO-CATHART'IC, producing both vomiting and purging.--_n._ EMETOL'OGY, the study of emesis and emetics, [Through L., from Gr. _emetikos_--_emeein_, to vomit.]

EMEU. See EMU.

ÉMEUTE, em-üt', _n._ a popular rising or uproar. [Fr.]

EMICANT, em'i-kant, _adj._ beaming forth.--_n._ EMIC[=A]'TION.

EMICTION, e-mik'shun, _n._ the discharging of urine: urine.--_adj._ EMIC'TORY, promoting the flow of urine. [L. _eming[)e]re_, _emictum_--_e_, out, _ming[)e]re_, to make water.]

EMIGRATE, em'i-gr[=a]t, _v.i._ and _v.t._ to remove from one country to another as a place of abode.--_adj._ EM'IGRANT, emigrating or having emigrated.--_n._ one who emigrates.--_n._ EMIGR[=A]'TION.--_adj._ EMIGR[=A]'TIONAL.--_n._ EMIGR[=A]'TIONIST, an advocate or promoter of emigration.--_adj._ EMIGR[=A]'TORY.--_n._ EMIGRÉ ([=a]-m[=e]-gr[=a]), a royalist who quitted France during the Revolution. [L. _emigr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_e_, from, _migr[=a]re_, to remove.]

EMINENT, em'i-nent, _adj._ rising above others: conspicuous: distinguished: exalted in rank or office.--_ns._ EM'INENCE, EM'INENCY, a part eminent or rising above the rest: a rising ground: height: distinction: a title of honour: homage: a title given in 1631 to cardinals, till then styled Most Illustrious.--_adj._ EMINEN'TIAL.--_adv._ EM'INENTLY.--EMINENT DOMAIN (_dominium eminens_), the right by which the supreme authority in a state may compel a proprietor to part with what is his own for the public use. [L. _eminens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _emin[=e]re_--_e_, out, _min[=e]re_, to project.]

EMIR, em-[=e]r', or [=e]'mir, _n._ a title given in the East and in the north of Africa to all independent chieftains, and also to all the supposed descendants of Mohammed through his daughter Fatima.--_n._ EM'IRATE, the office of an emir. [Ar. _am[=i]r_, ruler.]

EMIT, e-mit', _v.t._ to send out: to throw or give out: in issue: to utter (a declaration):--_pr.p._ emit'ting; _pa.p._ emit'ted.--_n._ EM'ISSARY, one sent out on a secret mission: a spy: an underground channel by which the water of a lake escapes.--_adj._ that is sent forth.--_n._ EMIS'SION, the act of emitting: that which is issued at one time.--_adjs._ EMIS'SIVE, EMIS'SORY, emitting, sending out.--EMISSION THEORY, the theory that all luminous bodies emit with equal velocities a number of elastic corpuscles, which travel in straight lines, are reflected, and are refracted. [L. _emitt[)e]re_, _emissum_--_e_, out of, _mitt[)e]re_, to send.]

EMMANUEL, em-an'[=u]-el, IMMANUEL, im-, _n._ the symbolical name of the child announced by Isaiah (Isa. vii. 14), and applied to the Messiah (Matt. i. 23). [Heb.,--_im_, with, _anu_, us, _el_, God.]

EMMARBLE, em-mär'bl, _v.t._ to turn to marble, to petrify. [_Em_ and _marble_.]

EMMENAGOGUES, em-en'a-gogz, _n.pl._ medicines intended to restore, or to bring on for the first time, the menses.--_adj._ EMMENAGOG'IC (-goj'ik).--_n._ EMMENOL'OGY, knowledge about menstruation. [Gr. _emm[=e]na_, menses, _ag[=o]gos_, drawing forth.]

EMMET, em'et, _n._ (_prov._) the ant. [A.S. _['æ]mete_.]

EMMETROPIA, em-e-tr[=o]'pi-a, _n._ the normal condition of the refractive media of the eye.--_adj._ EMMETROPI'C. [Gr., _en_, in, _metron_, measure, _[=o]ps_, the eye.]

EMMEW, e-m[=u]', _v.t._ to confine.--Also IMMEW'.

EMMOVE, em-m[=oo]v', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to move, to excite.

EMMOLLIENT, e-mol'yent, _adj._ softening: making supple.--_n._ (_med._) a substance used to soften the textures to which they are applied, as poultices, fomentations, &c.--_n._ EMOLLES'CENCE, incipient fusion.--_v.t._ EMMOLL'IATE, to soften: to render effeminate.--_n._ EMOLLI'TION, the act of softening or relaxing. [L. _emoll[=i]re_, _emollitum_--_e_, inten., _moll[=i]re_, to soften--_mollis_, soft.]

EMOLUMENT, e-mol'[=u]-ment, _n._ advantage: profit arising from employment, as salary or fees.--_adj._ EMOLUMEN'TAL. [L. _emolimentum_--_emol[=i]ri_, to work out--_e_, sig. completeness, _mol[=i]re_, to toil.]

EMONG, e-mung', _prep._ (_obs._) among.--Also EMONGST'.

EMOTION, e-m[=o]'shun, _n._ a moving of the feelings: agitation of mind: (_phil._) one of the three groups of the phenomena of the mind.--_adj._ EM[=O]'TIONAL.--_n._ EM[=O]'TIONALISM, tendency to emotional excitement, the habit of working on the emotions, the indulgence of superficial emotion.--_adv._ EM[=O]'TIONALLY.--_adjs._ EM[=O]'TIONLESS; EM[=O]'TIVE, pertaining to the emotions. [L. _emotion-em_--_emov[=e]re_, _em[=o]tum_, to stir up--_e_, forth, _mov[=e]re_, to move.]

EMP-. For words not found under this, see IMP-.

EMPÆSTIC, em-p[=e]'stik, _adj._ pertaining to the art of embossing, stamped. [Gr. _empaiein_, to emboss.]

EMPACKET, em-pak'et, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to pack up.

EMPAIR, em-p[=a]r', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to impair.

EMPANEL, em-pan'el, IMPANEL, im-, _v.t._ to enter the names of a jury on a panel.--_n._ EMPAN'ELMENT.

EMPANOPLY, em-pan'[=o]-pli, _v.t._ to invest in full armour.

EMPATRON, em-p[=a]'trun, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to patronise.

EMPEOPLE, em-p[=e]'pl, _v.t._ (_obs._) to fill with people: to form into a people or community.

EMPERISH, em-per'ish, _v.t._ (_obs._) to impair.

EMPEROR, em'p[.e]r-or, _n._ the head of the Roman Empire: the highest title of sovereignty:--_fem._ EM'PRESS.--_ns._ EM'PEROR-MOTH, except the Death's-head, the largest British moth, its expanse of wings being about three inches; EM'PERORSHIP; EM'PERY, empire, power. [O. Fr. _emperere_--L. _imperator_ (fem. _imperatrix_)--_imper[=a]re_, to command.]

EMPHASIS, em'fa-sis, _n._ stress of the voice on particular words or syllables to make the meaning clear: impressiveness of expression or weight of thought: intensity:--_pl._ EM'PHASES (-s[=e]z).--_v.t._ EM'PHAS[=I]SE, to make emphatic.--_adjs._ EMPHAT'IC, -AL, uttered with or requiring emphasis: forcible: impressive.--_adv._ EMPHAT'ICALLY.--_n._ EMPHAT'ICALNESS. [L.,--Gr.,--_em_ (=_en_), in, into, and _phasis_--_phaein_, _phainein_, to show.]

EMPHLYSIS, em'fli-sis, _n._ a vesicular tumour. [Gr., _en_, in, _phlysis_--_phlyein_, to break out.]

EMPHRACTIC, em-frak'tik, _adj._ stopping the pores of the skin.--_n._ a substance with this property. [Gr., _en_, in, _phrassein_, to stop.]

EMPHYSEMA, em-fis-[=e]'ma, _n._ (_med._) an unnatural distention of a part with air.--_adj._ EMPHYSEM'ATOUS. [Gr.,--_emphysaein_, to inflate.]

EMPHYTEUSIS, em-fit-[=u]'sis, _n._ in Roman law, a perpetual right in a piece of land, for which a yearly sum was paid to the proprietor.--_adj._ EMPHYTEU'TIC. [L.,--Gr.,--_emphyteuein_, to implant.]

EMPIERCE, em-p[=e]rs', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to pierce.

EMPIGHT, em-p[=i]t', _p.adj._ (_Spens._) fixed. [_Em_ and _pitch_.]

EMPIRE, em'p[=i]r, _n._ supreme control or dominion: the territory under the dominion of an emperor. [Fr.,--L. _imperium_--_imper[=a]re_, to command.]

EMPIRIC, -AL, em-pir'ik, -al, _adj._ resting on trial or experiment: known only by experience.--_n._ EMPIR'IC, one who makes trials or experiments: one whose knowledge is got from experience only: a quack.--_adv._ EMPIR'ICALLY.--_ns._ EMPIR'ICISM (_phil._) the system which, rejecting all _a priori_ knowledge, rests solely on experience and induction: dependence of a physician on his _experience_ alone without a regular medical education: the practice of medicine without a regular education: quackery: EMPIR'ICIST, one who practises empiricism.--_adj._ EMPIRIC[=U]T'IC (_Shak._), empirical. [Fr.,--L. _empiricus_--Gr. _empeirikos_--_em_, in, _peira_, a trial.]

EMPLACEMENT, em-pl[=a]s'ment, _n._ the act of placing: (_mil._) a platform placed for guns.

EMPLASTER, em-plas't[.e]r, _n._ and _v._ same as PLASTER.--_adj._ EMPLAS'TIC, glutinous: adhesive.--_n._ a medicine causing constipation.

EMPLECTON, em-plek'ton, _n._ masonry in which the outsides of the walls are ashlar and the insides filled up with rubbish.--Also EMPLEC'TUM. [Gr.]

EMPLOY, em-ploy', _v.t._ to occupy the time or attention of: to use as a means or agent: to give work to.--_n._ a poetical form of _employment_.--_adj._ EMPLOY'ABLE, that may be employed.--_ns._ EMPLOY'É, one who is employed:--_fem._ EMPLOY'ÉE; EMPLOY[=EE]', a person employed; EMPLOY'ER; EMPLOY'MENT, act of employing: that which engages or occupies: occupation. [Fr. _employer_--L. _implic[=a]re_, to infold--_in_, in, and _plic[=a]re_, to fold. _Imply_ and _implicate_ are parallel forms.]

EMPLUME, em-pl[=oo]m', _v.t._ to furnish with a plume.

EMPOISON, em-poi'zn, _v.t._ to put poison in: to poison.--_p.adj._ EMPOI'SONED.--_n._ EMPOI'SONMENT.

EMPORIUM, em-p[=o]'ri-um, _n._ a place to which goods are brought from various parts for sale: a shop: a great mart:--_pl._ EMP[=O]'RIA. [L.,--Gr. _emporion_--_emporos_, a trader, _em_ (=_en_), in, _poros_, a way.]

EMPOVERISH, em-pov'[.e]r-ish, _v.t._ See IMPOVERISH.

EMPOWER, em-pow'[.e]r, _v.t._ to authorise.

EMPRESS. See EMPEROR.

EMPRESSEMENT, ang-pres'mang, _n._ cordiality. [Fr.]

EMPRISE, em-pr[=i]z', _n._ (_Spens._) an enterprise: a hazardous undertaking. [O. Fr. _emprise_--L. _in_, in, _prehend[)e]re_, to take.]

EMPTION, emp'shun, _n._ act of buying, purchase.--_adj._ EMP'TIONAL. [L. _em[)e]re_, to buy.]

EMPTY, emp'ti, _adj._ having nothing in it: unfurnished: without effect: unsatisfactory: wanting substance: foolish.--_v.t._ to make empty: to deprive of contents.--_v.i._ to become empty: to discharge its contents:--_pa.p._ emp'tied.--_n._ an empty vessel, box, sack, &c.:--_pl._ EMP'TIES.--_ns._ EMP'TIER: EMP'TINESS, state of being empty: want of substance: unsatisfactoriness: inanity.--_adj._ EMP'TY-HAND'ED, carrying nothing, esp. of a gift.--_n._ EMP'TYING.--COME AWAY EMPTY, to come away without having received anything. [A.S. _['æ]metig_--_['æ]metta_, leisure, rest. The _p_ is excrescent.]

EMPTYSIS, emp'ti-sis, _n._ hemorrhage from the lungs.

EMPURPLE, em-pur'pl, _v.t._ to dye or tinge purple.

EMPUSA, em-p[=u]'za, _n._ a goblin or spectre sent by Hecate.--Also EMPUSE'. [Gr. _empousa_.]

EMPYEMA, em-pi-[=e]'ma, _n._ a collection of pus in the pleura. [Gr.,--_em_ (=_en_), in, and _pyon_, pus.]

EMPYESIS, em-pi-[=e]'sis, _n._ pustulous eruption. [Gr.]

EMPYREAL, em-pir'[=e]-al, or em-pir-[=e]'al, _adj._ formed of pure fire or light: pertaining to the highest and purest region of heaven: sublime.--_adj._ EMPYREAN (em-pi-r[=e]'an, or em-pir'e-an), empyreal.--_n._ the highest heaven, where the pure element of fire was supposed by the ancients to subsist: the heavens. [Coined from Gr. _empyros_, fiery--_em_ (=_en_), in, and, _pyr_, fire.]

EMPYREUMA, em-pir-[=u]'ma, _n._ the burned smell and acrid taste which result when vegetable or animal substances are burned:--_pl._ EMPYREU'MATA.--_adjs._ EMPYREUMAT'IC, -AL.--_v.t._ EMPYREU'MATISE. [Gr.,--_empyreuein_, to kindle.]

EMRODS (_obs._), for EMERODS.

EMU, EMEU, [=e]'m[=u], _n._ a genus of running birds or _Ratitæ_ in the cassowary family, belonging to Australia.--_n._ E'MU-WREN, a small Australian bird of genus _Stipiturus_. [Port. _ema_, an ostrich.]

EMULATE, em'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to strive to equal or excel: to imitate, with a view to equal or excel: to rival.--_adj._ (_Shak._) ambitious.--_n._ EMUL[=A]'TION, act of emulating or attempting to equal or excel: rivalry: competition: contest: (_obs._) jealous rivalry.--_adj._ EM'ULATIVE, inclined to emulation, rivalry, or competition.--_n._ EM'ULATOR:--_fem._ EM'ULATRESS.--_adj._ EM'ULATORY, arising from or expressing emulation.--_v.t._ EM'ULE (_obs_), to emulate.--_adj._ EM'ULOUS, eager to emulate: desirous of like excellence with another: engaged in competition or rivalry.--_adv._ EM'ULOUSLY--_n._ EM'ULOUSNESS. [L. _æmul[=a]ri_, _æmul[=a]tus_--_æmulus_, striving with.]

EMULGENT, e-mul'jent, _adj._ milking or draining out, chiefly referring to the action of the kidneys. [L. _emulgens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _emulg[=e]re_, to milk.]

EMULSION, e-mul'shun, _n._ a milky liquid prepared by mixing oil and water by means of another substance that combines with both.--_adj._ EMUL'SIC, pertaining to emulsion.--_v.t._ EMUL'SIFY.--_n._ EMUL'SIN, a peculiar ferment present in the bitter and sweet almond, which forms a constituent of all almond emulsions.--_adj._ EMUL'SIVE. [Fr.,--L. _emulg[=e]re_, _emulsum_, to milk out--_e_, out, and _mulg[=e]r_e, to milk.]

EMUNCTORY, e-mungk'tor-i, _n._ an organ of the body that carries off waste: an excretory duct.--_v.t._ EMUNGE', to clean. [L. _emung[)e]re_, _emunctum_, to blow the nose, to cleanse.]

EMURE, a variant of _immure_.

EMYS, em'is, _n._ a genus of marsh tortoises, found in South and Middle Europe, North Africa, and South-west Asia. [Gr. _emys_.]

ENABLE, en-[=a]'bl, _v.t._ to make able: to give power, strength, or authority to.

ENACT, en-akt', _v.t._ to perform: to act the part of: to establish by law.--_n._ (_Shak._) that which is enacted.--_adjs._ ENACT'ING, ENACT'IVE, that enacts.--_ns._ ENACT'MENT, the passing of a bill into law: that which is enacted: a law; ENACT'OR, one who practises or performs anything: one who forms decrees or establishes laws; ENACT'URE (_Shak._), action.

ENALLAGE, en-al'a-j[=e], _n._ (_gram._) the exchange of one case, mood, or tense for another. [Gr.,--_en_, and _allassein_, to change.]

ENAMEL, en-am'el, _n._ the name given to vitrified substances applied chiefly to the surface of metals: any smooth hard coating, esp. that of the teeth: anything enamelled.--_v.t._ to coat with or paint in enamel: to form a glossy surface upon, like enamel:--_pr.p._ enam'elling; _pa.p._ enam'elled.--_adj._ EN-AM'ELLAR.--_ns._ ENAM'ELLER, ENAM'ELLIST; ENAM'ELLING. [O. Fr. _enameler_--_en_, in, _esmail_, enamel. Cf. Eng. _Smelt_, _Melt_.]

ENAMOUR, en-am'ur, _v.t._ to inflame with love: to charm.--_p.adjs._ ENAM'OURED; ENAM'OURING.--BE ENAMOURED (with _of_, _with_), to be in love. [O. Fr. _enamourer_--_en_, to make, _amour_--L. _amor_, love.]

ENANTHESIS, en-an-th[=e]'sis, _n._ an eruption on the skin from internal disease. [Gr.]

ENANTIOPATHY, en-an-ti-op'a-thi, _n._ a synonym of allopathy. [Gr. _enantios_, opposite, _pathos_, suffering.]

ENANTIOSIS, e-nan-ti-[=o]'sis, _n._ (_rhet._) the expression of an idea by negation of its contrary, as 'he is no fool'='he is wise.' [Gr.]

ENARCHED, en-ärcht', _adj._ (_her._) arched, like an arch.

ENARCHING, a variant of _inarching_.

ENARMED, en-ärmed', _adj._ (_her._) having horns, hoofs, &c. of a different colour from the body.

ENARRATION, [=e]-na-r[=a]'shun, _n._ narration.

ENARTHROSIS, en-ar-thr[=o]'sis, _n._ (_anat._) a joint of 'ball-and-socket' form, allowing motion in all directions.--_adj._ ENARTHR[=O]'DIAL. [Gr.,--_en_, in, and _arthroein_, _arthr[=o]sein_, to fasten by a joint--_arthron_, a joint.]

ENATE, [=e]'n[=a]t, _adj._ growing out.

ENAUNTER, en-än't[.e]r, _conj._ (_obs._) lest by chance. [Contr. from _in adventure_.]

ENCÆNIA, en-s[=e]'ni-a, _n._ the annual commemoration of founders and benefactors at Oxford, held in June.--Also ENC[=E]'NIA. [L.,--Gr. _egkainia_, a feast of dedication--_en_, in, _kainos_, new.]

ENCAGE, en-k[=a]j', _v.t._ to shut up in a cage.

ENCAMP, en-kamp', _v.t._ to form into a camp.--_v.i._ to pitch tents: to halt on a march.--_n._ ENCAMP'MENT, the act of encamping: the place where an army or company is encamped: a camp.

ENCANTHIS, en-kan'this, _n._ a small tumour of the inner angle of the eye. [Gr.]

ENCARNALISE, en-kär'nal-[=i]z, _v.t._ to embody: to make carnal.

ENCARPUS, en-kar'pus, _n._ a festoon ornamenting a frieze. [Gr.]

ENCASE, en-k[=a]s', INCASE, in-, _v.t._ to enclose in a case: to surround, cover.--_n._ ENCASE'MENT, the enclosing substance: a covering.

ENCASHMENT, en-kash'ment, _n._ payment in cash of a note, draft, &c.

ENCAUSTIC, en-kaws'tik, _adj._ having the colours burned in.--_n._ an ancient method of painting in melted wax.--ENCAUSTIC TILE, a decorative glazed and fired tile, having patterns of different coloured clays inlaid in it and burnt with it. [Fr.,--Gr.,--_egkaiein_, _egkausein_--_en_, in, _kaiein_, to burn.]

ENCAVE, en-k[=a]v', _v.t._ to hide in a cave.

ENCEINTE, äng-sangt', _n._ (_fort._) an enclosure, generally the whole area of a fortified place. [Fr.,--_enceindre_, to surround--L. _in_, in, _cing[)e]re_, _cinctum_, to gird.]

ENCEINTE, äng-sangt', _adj._ pregnant, with child. [Fr.,--L. _incincta_, girt about.]

ENCEPHALON, en-sef'al-on, _n._ the brain.--_adj._ ENCEPHAL'IC, belonging to the head or brain.--_ns._ ENCEPHAL[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the brain; ENCEPH'ALOCELE, a protrusion of portion of the brain through the skull, where the bones are incomplete in infancy.--_adj._ ENCEPH'ALOID, resembling the matter of the brain.--_n._ ENCEPHALOT'OMY, dissection of the brain.--_adj._ ENCEPH'ALOUS, cephalous. [Gr.,--_en_, in, _kephal[=e]_, the head.]

ENCHAFE, en-ch[=a]f', _v.t._ (_obs._) to make warm.

ENCHAIN, en-ch[=a]n', _v.t._ to put in chains: to hold fast: to link together.--_n._ ENCHAIN'MENT [Fr. _enchainer_--_en_, and _chaîne_, a chain--L. _catena_.]

ENCHANT, en-chant', _v.t._ to act on by songs or rhymed formulas of sorcery: to charm: to delight in a high degree.--_p.adj._ ENCHANT'ED, under the power of enchantment: delighted: possessed by witches or spirits.--_n._ ENCHANT'ER, one who enchants: a sorcerer or magician: one who charms or delights:--_fem._ ENCHANT'RESS.--_adv._ ENCHANT'INGLY, with the force of enchantment: in a manner to charm or delight.--_n._ ENCHANT'MENT, act of enchanting: use of magic arts: that which enchants. [Fr. _enchanter_--L. _incant[=a]re_, to sing a magic formula over--_in_, on, _cant[=a]re_, to sing.]

ENCHARGE, en-chärj', _v.t._ to enjoin: to entrust. [O. Fr. _encharger_. See CHARGE.]

ENCHASE, en-ch[=a]s', _v.t._ to fix in a border: to set with jewels: to engrave: to adorn with raised or embossed work.--_p.adj._ ENCHASED'. [Fr. _enchâsser_--_en_, in, _châssis_, _caisse_, a case--L. _capsa_, a case. See CHASE, _n._ CHASE, _v.t._, is a contraction.]

ENCHEASON, en-ch[=e]'zn, _n._ (_Spens._) reason, cause, occasion. [O. Fr. _encheson_, _encheoir_, to fall in; influenced by L. _occasio_, occasion.]

ENCHEER, en-ch[=e]r', _v.t._ to cheer, comfort.

ENCHIRIDION, en-ki-rid'i-on, _n._ a book to be carried in the hand for reference: a manual. [Gr. _encheiridion_--_en_, in, and _cheir_, the hand.]

ENCHONDROMA, en-kon-dr[=o]'ma, _n._ (_path._) an abnormal cartilaginous growth. [Formed from Gr. _en_, in, _chondros_, cartilage.]

ENCHORIAL, en-k[=o]'ri-al, _adj._ belonging to or used in a country: used by the people, noting esp. the written characters used by the common people in Egypt as opposed to the hieroglyphics.--Also ENCHOR'IC. [Gr. _ench[=o]rios_--_en_, in, and _ch[=o]ra_, a place, country.]

ENCHYMATOUS, en-kim'a-tus, _adj._ infused, distended by infusion.

ENCINCTURE, en-singk't[=u]r, _v.t._ to surround with a girdle.--_n._ an enclosure.

ENCIRCLE, en-s[.e]rk'l, _v.t._ to enclose in a circle: to embrace: to pass round.--_n._ ENCIRC'LING.

ENCLASP, en-klasp', _v.t._ to clasp.

ENCLAVE, en-kl[=a]v', or äng-kl[=a]v', _n._ a territory entirely enclosed within the territories of another power.--_v.t._ to surround in this way. [Fr.,--Late L. _inclav[=a]re_--L. _in_, and _clavis_, a key.]

ENCLITIC, en-klit'ik, _adj._ that inclines or leans upon.--_n._ (_gram._) a word or particle which always follows another word, so united with it as to seem a part of it.--_n._ EN'CLISIS.--_adv._ ENCLIT'ICALLY. [Gr. _engklitikos_--_en_, in, _klinein_, to bend.]

ENCLOISTER, en-klois't[.e]r, _v.t._ to immure.

ENCLOSE, en-kl[=o]z', INCLOSE, in-, _v.t._ to close or shut in: to confine: to surround: to put in a case, as a letter in an envelope, &c.: to fence, esp. used of waste land.--_ns._ ENCLOS'ER; ENCLOS'URE, the act of enclosing: state of being enclosed: that which is enclosed: a space fenced off: that which encloses: a barrier. [Fr.,--L. _includ[)e]re_, _inclusum_--_in_, in, _claud[)e]re_, to shut.]

ENCLOTHE, en-kl[=o]_th_', _v.t._ to clothe.

ENCLOUD, en-klowd', _v.t._ to cover with clouds.

ENCOLOUR, en-kul'ur, _v.t._ to colour, tinge.

ENCOLPION, en-kol'pi-on, _n._ an amulet: a Greek pectoral cross.--Also ENCOL'PIUM. [Gr.]

ENCOLURE, engk-ol-[=u]r', _n._ (_Browning_) a horse's mane.

ENCOMIUM, en-k[=o]'mi-um, _n._ high commendation: a eulogy:--_pl._ ENC[=O]'MIUMS.--_n._ ENC[=O]'MIAST, one who utters or writes encomiums: a praiser.--_adjs._ ENCOMIAS'TIC, -AL, bestowing praise.--_adv._ ENCOMIAS'TICALLY. [L.,--Gr. _egk[=o]mion_, a song of praise--_en_, in, _k[=o]mos_, festivity.]

ENCOMPASS, en-kum'pas, _v.t._ to surround or enclose: (_obs._) to go round.--_n._ ENCOM'PASSMENT.

ENCORE, äng-k[=o]r', _adv._ again: once more.--_n._ a call for the repetition of a song, &c.: the repetition of a song, &c.--_v.t._ to call for a repetition of. [Fr. (It. _ancora_)--perh. from L. (_in_) _hanc horam_, till this hour, hence=still.]

ENCOUNTER, en-kown'ter, _v.t._ to meet face to face, esp. unexpectedly: to meet in contest: to oppose.--_n._ a meeting unexpectedly: an interview: a fight: (_Shak._) behaviour. [O. Fr. _encontrer_--L. _in_, in, _contra_, against.]

ENCOURAGE, en-kur'[=a]j, _v.t._ to put courage in: to inspire with spirit or hope: to incite: to patronise: to cherish.--_ns._ ENCOUR'AGEMENT, act of encouraging: that which encourages; ENCOUR'AGER,--_p.adj._ ENCOUR'AGING, giving ground to hope for success.--_adv._ ENCOUR'AGINGLY. [O. Fr. _encoragier_ (Fr. _encourager_)--_en_, to make, _corage_, courage.]

ENCRADLE, en-kr[=a]'dl, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to lay in a cradle.

ENCRATITE, en'kra-t[=i]t, _n._ one of a heretical sect in the early church, who abstained from marriage, and from flesh and wine.--_n._ EN'CRATISM. [Formed from Gr. _egkrat[=e]s_, continent--_en_, in, _kratos_, strength.]

ENCREASE, obsolete form of _increase_.

ENCRIMSON, en-krim'zn, _v.t._ to tinge with a crimson colour.--_p.adj._ ENCRIM'SONED.

ENCRINITE, en'kri-n[=i]t, _n._ a common fossil crinoid, found thick in limestone and marble--called also _Stone-lily_.--_adjs._ ENCR[=I]'NAL, ENCRIN'IC, ENCRIN[=I]'TAL, ENCRINIT'IC, relating to or containing encrinites. [Formed from Gr. _en_, in, _krinon_, a lily.]

ENCROACH, en-kr[=o]ch', _v.i._ to seize on the rights of others: to intrude: to trespass.--_n._ ENCROACH'ER.--_adv._ ENCROACH'INGLY.--_n._ ENCROACH'MENT, act of encroaching: that which is taken by encroaching. [O. Fr. _encrochier_, to seize--_en-_, and _croc_, a hook.]

ENCRUST, en-krust', INCRUST, in-, _v.t._ to cover with a crust or hard coating: to form a crust on the surface of.--_v.i._ to form a crust.--_n._ ENCRUST[=A]'TION, act of encrusting: a crust or layer of anything: an inlaying of marble, mosaic, &c. [Fr.,--L. _incrust[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_in_, on, _crusta_, crust.]

ENCUMBER, en-kum'b[.e]r, _v.t._ to impede the motion of: to hamper: to embarrass: to burden: to load with debts.--_ns._ ENCUM'BERMENT, the act of encumbering: the state of being encumbered; ENCUM'BRANCE, that which encumbers or hinders: a legal claim on an estate: one dependent on another--e.g. 'a widow without encumbrances'=a widow without children; ENCUM'BRANCER. [O. Fr. _encombrer_, from _en-_, and _combrer_.]

ENCURTAIN, en-kur'tin, _v.t._ to curtain, to veil.

ENCYCLICAL, en-sik'lik-al, _adj._ sent round to many persons or places.--_n._ a letter addressed by the pope to all his bishops condemning current errors or advising the Christian people how to act in regard to great public questions.--Also ENCYC'LIC. [Gr. _engkyklios_--_en_, in, _kyklos_, a circle.]

ENCYCLOPÆDIA, ENCYCLOPEDIA, en-s[=i]-klo-p[=e]'di-a, _n._ the circle of human knowledge: a work containing information on every department, or on a particular department, of knowledge, generally in alphabetical order: a name specially given to the work of the French writers Diderot, D'Alembert, and others in the third quarter of the 18th century.--_adjs._ ENCYCLOPÆ'DIAN, embracing the whole circle of learning; ENCYCLOPÆ'DIC, -AL, pertaining to an encyclopædia: full of information.--_ns._ ENCYCLOPÆ'DISM, knowledge of everything; ENCYCLOPÆ'DIST, the compiler, or one who assists in the compilation, of an encyclopædia: esp. a writer for the French Encyclopédie (1751-65). [Formed from Gr. _engkyklopaideia_--_engkyklios_, circular, _paideia_, instruction.]

ENCYST, en-sist', _v.t._ or _v.i._ to enclose or become enclosed in a cyst or vesicle.--_ns._ ENCYST[=A]'TION, ENCYST'MENT.--_adj._ ENCYST'ED.

END, end, _n._ the last point or portion: termination or close: death: consequence: object aimed at: a fragment.--_v.t._ to bring to an end: to destroy.--_v.i._ to come to an end: to cease.--_n._ END'-ALL, that which ends all.--_adj._ END'ED, brought to an end: having ends.--_n._ END'ING, termination: conclusion: that which is at the end: (_gram._) the terminating syllable or letter of a word.--_adj._ END'LESS, without end: everlasting: objectless.--_adv._ END'LESSLY.--_n._ END'LESSNESS.--_adv._ END'LONG, lengthwise: continuously: on end.--_adj._ END'MOST, farthest.--_n._ END'SHIP (_obs._) a village.--_advs._ END'WAYS, END'WISE, on the end: with the end forward.--END FOR END, with the position of the ends reversed; ENDLESS SCREW, an arrangement for producing slow motion in machinery, consisting of a screw whose thread gears into a wheel with skew teeth; END ON, having the end pointing directly to an object--(_naut._) opp. to _Broadside on_: (_min._) opp. to _Face on_.--A SHOEMAKER'S END, a waxed thread ending in a bristle.--AT LOOSE ENDS, in disorder; AT ONE'S WITS' END, at the end of one's ability to decide or act.--BEGIN AT THE WRONG END, to manage badly; BE THE END OF, to cause the death of.--COME TO THE END OF ONE'S TETHER, to go as far as one's powers permit.--HAVE AT ONE'S FINGER-ENDS, to be thoroughly acquainted, to have in perfect readiness.--IN THE END, after all: at last.--LATTER END, the end of life.--MAKE BOTH ENDS MEET, to live within one's income (both ends meaning both ends of the year).--NO END (_coll._), very much, a great deal.--ON END, erect.--ROPE'S END (see ROPE). [A.S. _ende_; cf. Ger. and Dan. _ende_, Goth. _andeis_; Sans. _ánta_.]

ENDAMAGE, en-dam'[=a]j, _v.t._ same as DAMAGE.--_n._ ENDAM'AGEMENT, damage, injury, loss.

ENDANGER, en-d[=a]n'j[.e]r, _v.t._ to place in danger: to expose to loss or injury.--_ns._ ENDAN'GERER; ENDAN'GERMENT, hazard, peril.

ENDEAR, en-d[=e]r', _v.t._ to make dear or more dear.--_adjs._ ENDEARED', beloved; ENDEAR'ING.--_adv._ ENDEAR'INGLY.--_n._ ENDEAR'MENT, act of endearing: state of being endeared: that which excites or increases affection: a caress.

ENDEAVOUR, en-dev'ur, _v.i._ to strive to accomplish an object: to attempt or try.--_v.t._ to attempt.--_n._ an exertion of power towards some object: attempt or trial.--_n._ ENDEAV'OURMENT (_Spens._), endeavour.--DO ONE'S ENDEAVOUR, to do one's utmost. [Fr. _en devoir_--_en_, in (with force of 'to do' or 'make,' as in _en-amour_, _en-courage_), and _devoir_, duty.]

ENDECAGON, en-dek'a-gon, _n._ a plane figure of eleven sides--also HENDEC'AGON.--_adjs._ ENDECAG'YNOUS, having eleven pistils; ENDECAPHYL'LOUS, having eleven leaflets; ENDECASYLLAB'IC, having eleven syllables.

ENDEICTIC, en-d[=i]k'tik, _adj._ showing, exhibiting.--_n._ ENDEIX'IS, an indication. [Gr.]

ENDEMIC, -AL, en-dem'ik, -al, ENDEMIAL, en-d[=e]'mi-al, _adj._ peculiar to a people or a district, as a disease.--_n._ ENDEM'IC, a disease affecting a number of persons simultaneously, in such manner as to show a distinct connection with certain localities.--_adv._ ENDEM'ICALLY.--_ns._ ENDEMI'CITY, state of being endemic; ENDEMIOL'OGY, knowledge of endemic diseases. [Gr. _end[=e]mios_--_en_, in, and _d[=e]mos_, a people, a district.]

ENDENIZEN, en-den'i-zn, _v.t._ to naturalise, to make a denizen.