Chapter I: O U, =i'=o'=u', n. a memorandum of debt given by a borrower to a (7)

LITHE, l[=i]th, _v.i._ (_obs._) to listen. [Ice. _hlydha_, to listen--_hljódh_, hearing.]

LITHEMIA, LITHÆMIA, li-th[=e]'mi-a, _n._ an excess of uric acid in the blood.--_adj._ LITH[=E]'MIC.

LITHER, l[=i]th'[.e]r, _adj._ (_Shak._) soft, yielding: (_obs._) bad, lazy.--_adj._ LITH'ERLY, mischievous.--_adv._ slowly: lazily. [A.S. _lýthre_, bad.]

LITHIA, lith'i-a, _n._ an alkali, the oxide of lithium, discovered in 1817 by Arfvedson: a mineral water good against the stone. [Low L.,--Gr. _lithos_, stone.]

LITHIASIS, li-th[=i]'a-sis, _n._ a bodily condition in which uric acid is deposited as stone or gravel in the urinary canals. [Gr. _lithos_, a stone.]

LITHIC, lith'ik, _adj._ pertaining to, or obtained from, stone, specially from urinary calculi.--_ns._ LITH'ATE, a salt of lithic acid; LITHIFIC[=A]'TION, a hardening into stone. [Gr. _lithikos_--_lithos_, a stone.]

LITHIUM, lith'i-um, _n._ one of the alkaline metals, of a silvery appearance, found in several minerals combined with silica.--_adj._ LITH'IC. [Gr. _lithos_, a stone.]

LITHOCARP, lith'o-karp, _n._ a fossil fruit.

LITHOCHROMATIC, lith-o-kr[=o]-mat'ik, _adj._ pertaining to painting in oils on stone.--_n.pl._ LITHOCHROMAT'ICS, this art. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, _chr[=o]ma_, colour.]

LITHOCLAST, lith'o-klast, _n._ an instrument for crushing bladder-stones. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, _kl[=a]n_, to crush.]

LITHODOME, lith'[=o]-d[=o]m, _n._ a shellfish living in a hole in a rock.--_adj._ LITHOD'OMOUS.

LITHOFRACTEUR, lith-[=o]-frak't[.e]r, _n._ a blasting explosive.

LITHOGENOUS, li-thoj'e-nus, _adj._ stone-producing.--_n._ LITHOGEN'ESY, the science of the origin of minerals.

LITHOGLYPH, lith'o-glif, _n._ any engraving on stone, esp. a precious stone.--_adj._ LITHOGLYPH'IC.--_ns._ LITH'OGLYPHICS, LITHOGLYPT'ICS, the art of engraving on precious stones; LITHOG'LYPHITE, a fossil as if engraved by art. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, _glyphein_, to carve.]

LITHOGRAPH, lith'o-graf, _v.t._ to write or engrave on stone and transfer to paper by printing.--_n._ a print from stone.--_n._ LITHOG'RAPHER.--_adjs._ LITHOGRAPH'IC, -AL, belonging to lithography.--_adv._ LITHOGRAPH'ICALLY.--_n._ LITHOG'RAPHY, the art of writing or engraving on stone and printing therefrom.--LITHOGRAPHIC STONE, SLATE, a yellowish, compact, fine-grained, slaty limestone used in lithography. [Gr. _lithos_, a stone, _graphein_, to write.]

LITHOID, -AL, lith'oid, -al, _adj._ resembling a stone.

LITHOLABE, lith'[=o]-l[=a]b, _n._ an instrument for grasping a calculus and holding it while being crushed.

LITHOLATRY, li-thol'a-tri, _n._ the worship of stones.--_adj._ LITHOL'ATROUS.

LITHOLOGY, lith-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science that treats of rocks as mineral masses: that part of medical science concerned with the calculi found in the human body.--_adjs._ LITHOLOG'IC, -AL.--_n._ LITHOL'OGIST, one skilled in lithology. [Gr. _lithos_, a stone, _logos_, discourse.]

LITHOLOPAXY, lith'ol-o-pak-si, _n._ the operation of crushing stone in the bladder, and of at once removing the fragments by suction. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, _hapax_, once only.]

LITHOMANCY, lith'o-man-si, _n._ divination by stones. [Gr. _lithos_, a stone, _manteia_, divination.]

LITHOMARGE, lith'o-märj, _n._ a clay-like mineral substance, sometimes called _Mountain marrow_, soft, greasy to the touch, white, yellow, or red. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, L. _marga_, marl.]

LITHOPHAGOUS, lith-of'a-gus, _adj._ eating stones: perforating stones, as certain molluscs. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, _phagein_, to eat.]

LITHOPHANE, lith'o-f[=a]n, _n._ ornamental porcelain with pictures which show through the transparency. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, _phainesthai_, to appear.]

LITHOPHOTOGRAPHY, lith-o-fo-tog'ra-fi, _n._ the art of printing from lithographic stones photographic pictures developed upon them.

LITHOPHYL, lith'[=o]-f[=i]l, _n._ a fossil leaf.

LITHOPHYTE, lith'o-f[=i]t, _n._ any one of the polyps whose substance is stony or hard, as corals. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, _phyton_, plant.]

LITHOTINT, lith'o-tint, _n._ the process of producing coloured pictures from lithographic stones: a picture so produced. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, and _tint_.]

LITHOTOMY, lith-ot'o-mi, _n._ cutting for stone in the bladder.--_n._ LITH'OTOME, a mineral resembling a cut gem: a cystotome.--_adjs._ LITHOTOM'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or performed by, lithotomy.--_n._ LITHOT'OMIST, one who practises lithotomy. [Gr. _lithos_, a stone, _tom[=e]_, a cutting--_temnein_, to cut.]

LITHOTRITY, lith'[=o]-tr[=i]-ti, _n._ the operation of crushing a stone in the bladder, so that its fragments may be removed through the urethra--also LITH'OTRIPSY.--_ns._ LITHOTHRYP'TIST, LITH'OTHRYPTOR, LITHOTRIP'TIST, LITH'OTRIPTOR, LITH'OTRITIST, one who practises lithotrity; LITH'OTHRYPTY; LITH'OTRITE, LITH'OTRITOR, an apparatus for crushing a stone in the bladder.--_adjs._ LITHOTRIT'IC, LITHOTRIP'TIC--also LITHOTHRYP'TIC. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, _tribein_, to rub.]

LITHOTYPY, lith'[=o]-t[=i]-pi, _n._ the process of making a kind of stereotype plates by filling a mould with a composition which, when cooled, becomes hard.--_n._ LITH'OTYPE, a stereotype plate, produced by lithotypy.--_v.t._ to prepare for printing by lithotypy. [Gr. _lithos_, stone, _typos_, type.]

LITIGATE, lit'i-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to contest in law.--_v.i._ to carry on a lawsuit.--_adjs._ LIT'IGABLE, that may be contested in law; LIT'IGANT, contending at law: engaged in a lawsuit.--_n._ a person engaged in a lawsuit.--_ns._ LITIG[=A]'TION; LIT'IG[=A]TOR, one who litigates; LITIGIOS'ITY, LITIG'IOUSNESS.--_adj._ LITIG'IOUS, inclined to engage in lawsuits: subject to contention.--_adv._ LITIG'IOUSLY. [L. _litig[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_lis_, _litis_, a strife, _ag[)e]re_, to do.]

LITMUS, lit'mus, _n._ a dye obtained from certain lichens, originally red, but becoming blue on the addition of alkalies or of lime.--LITMUS PAPER, paper used in chemical testing, tinged blue by litmus, reddened by an acid, made blue again by an alkali. [For _lakmose_--Dut. _lakmoes_--_lak_, lac, _moes_, pulp.]

LITOTES, lit'[=o]-t[=e]z, _n._ (_rhet._) an affirmation made indirectly by the negation of its contrary, as 'a citizen of no mean city'='of an illustrious city.' [Gr. _litot[=e]s_, simplicity--_litos_, plain.]

LITRAMETER, lit-ram'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the specific gravity of liquids by the height to which they rise in vertical tubes under a definite air-pressure. [Gr. _litra_, a pound, _metron_, measure.]

LITRE, l[=e]'t[.e]r, _n._ (_her._) a hatchment consisting of a black belt, charged with the arms of the deceased. [Fr.; prob. orig. _listre_=_liste_, border.]

LITRE, l[=e]'tr, _n._ the unit of the French measures of capacity, both dry and liquid. It is the volume of a cubic decimètre, and contains a kilogramme of water at 4° C. in a vacuum, equal to .2200967 British imperial gallon, therefore less than a quart--4½ litres being roughly equal to a gallon.

LITTER, lit'[.e]r, _n._ a heap of straw, &c., for animals to lie upon: materials for a bed: any scattered collection of objects, esp. of little value: a vehicle containing a bed for carrying about, a hospital stretcher: a brood of small quadrupeds.--_v.t._ to cover or supply with litter: to scatter carelessly about: to give birth to (said of small animals).--_v.i._ to produce a litter or brood.--_p.adj._ LITT'ERED. [O. Fr. _litiere_--Low L. _lectaria_--L. _lectus_, a bed.]

LITTÉRATEUR, lit-[.e]r-a-t[.e]r', _n._ a literary man. [Fr.]

LITTLE, lit'l, _adj._ (_comp._ LESS; _superl._ LEAST) small in quantity or extent: weak, poor: brief.--_n._ that which is small in quantity or extent: a small space.--_adv._ in a small quantity or degree: not much.--_ns._ LITT'LE-EASE, discomfort, misery: a form of punishment, as the stocks; LITT'LE-END'IAN, one of the Lilliputian party who opposed the _Big-endians_, maintaining that boiled eggs should be cracked at the little end; LITT'LE-GO (see GO); LITT'LENESS; LITT'LE-OFF'ICE, a short service of psalms, hymns, collects, &c.--_adj._ LITT'LEWORTH, worthless.--BY LITTLE AND LITTLE, by degrees; IN LITTLE, on a small scale; NOT A LITTLE, considerably. [A.S. _lýtel_.]

LITTORAL, lit'or-al, _adj._ belonging to the sea-shore.--_n._ the strip of land along it.--LITTORAL ZONE, the interval on a sea-coast between high and low water mark. [L.,--_litus_, _lit[)o]ris_, shore.]

LITURATE, lit'[=u]-r[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) having spots formed by the abrasion of the surface: in entomology, marked with spots (_Lituræ_) growing paler at one end.

LITURGY, lit'ur-ji, _n._ the form of service or regular ritual of a church--strictly, that used in the celebration of the Eucharist: in ancient Greece, a form of personal service to the state.--_n._ LITURGE', a leader in public worship.--_adjs._ LITUR'GIC, -AL.--_adv._ LITUR'GICALLY.--_ns._ LITUR'GICS, the doctrine of liturgies; LITURGIOL'OGIST, a student of liturgies; LITURGIOL'OGY, the study of liturgical forms; LIT'URGIST, a leader in public worship: one who adheres to, or who studies, liturgies. [Fr.,--Gr. _leitourgia_--_laos_, the people, _ergon_, work.]

LITUUS, li-t[=u]'us, _n._ an augur's staff with recurved top: a spiral of similar form.--_adjs._ LIT'U[=A]TE, forked with the points turned outward; LIT'UIFORM. [L.]

LIVE, liv, _v.i._ to have, or continue in, life, temporal or spiritual: to last, subsist: to enjoy life: to direct one's course of life: to be nourished or supported: to dwell.--_v.t._ to spend: to act in conformity to:--_pr.p._ liv'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ lived.--_adj._ LIV'ABLE, capable of being lived: habitable.--_n._ LIV'ER.--LIVE DOWN, live so as to cause a slander, a grief, &c. to be forgotten by one's self or others; LIVE OUT, to continue alive until the end of anything: (_U.S._) to be from home in domestic service; LIVE UNDER, to be tenant to; LIVE UP TO, to rule one's life according to some standard. [A.S. _lifian_; Ger. _leben_.]

LIVE, l[=i]v, _adj._ having life: alive, not dead: active: containing fire: burning: vivid.--LIVED (l[=i]vd), used in compounds, as _long-lived_.--_ns._ LIVE'-AXLE, driving-axle; LIVE'-BAIT, a living worm or minnow used in fishing: LIVE'-CIR'CUIT, a circuit through which an electric current is flowing.--_n.pl._ LIVE'-FEATH'ERS, those plucked from the living fowl.--_n._ LIVE'-L[=E]'VER, that one of a pair of brake-levers to which the power is first applied:--opp. to _Dead-lever_.--_adj._ LIVE'-LONG, that lives or lasts long.--_ns._ LIVE'-OAK, an American oak, with durable wood; LIVE'-SHELL, a shell loaded and fused for firing, or fired and not yet exploded; LIVE'-STOCK, domestic animals, esp. horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs; LIVE'-WELL, the well in a fishing-boat where fish are kept alive.

LIVELIHOOD, l[=i]v'li-hood, _n._ means of living: support--(_obs._) LIVE'LIHED. [A.S. _líf_. life, _lád_, a way.]

LIVELY, l[=i]v'li, _adj._ showing life: vigorous, active: sprightly: spirited: vivid.--_adv._ vivaciously, vigorously.--_adv._ L[=I]VE'LILY.--_n._ L[=I]VE'LINESS.

LIVER, liv'[.e]r, _n._ the largest gland in the body, which secretes the bile.--_adjs._ LIV'ER-COL'OUR, of the colour of the liver: dark-red; LIV'ERED, in compounds, as _white-livered_, _lily-livered_=cowardly.--_n._ LIVER-FLUKE, a trematoid worm (_Distoma hepatica_).--_adj._ LIV'ER-GROWN, having a swelled liver.--_n._ LIVERWORT, any plant of the cryptogamic family _Hepaticæ_, allied to mosses.--_adj._ LIV'ERY, resembling the liver. [A.S. _lifer_; Ger. _leber_, Ice. _lifr_.]

LIVERY, liv'[.e]r-i, _n._ the dress or uniform worn by servants, esp. men-servants: a dress peculiar to certain persons or things, as in the trade-guilds of London: any characteristic dress: the being kept and fed at a certain rate, as horses at livery: the whole body of liverymen in London: (_orig._) the distinctive dress worn by the household of a king or nobleman, so called because delivered or given at regular periods.--_adj._ LIV'ERIED, clothed in livery.--_ns._ LIV'ERY-COM'PANY, a guild of the city of London; LIV'ERYMAN, a man who wears a livery: a freeman of the city of London entitled to wear the livery and enjoy other privileges of his company; LIV'ERY-SER'VANT, a servant who wears a livery; LIV'ERY-ST[=A]'BLE, a stable where horses and vehicles are kept for hire.--SUE ONE'S LIVERY (_Shak._), to ask for the writ delivering a freehold into the possession of its heir. [Fr. _livrée_--_livrer_--L. _liber[=a]re_, to free.]

LIVES, l[=i]vz, _n._ plural of _life_.

LIVID, liv'id, _adj._ black and blue: of a lead colour: discoloured.--_ns._ LIVID'ITY, LIV'IDNESS. [Fr.,--L. _lividus_--_liv[=e]re_, to be of a lead colour.]

LIVING, liv'ing, _adj._ having life: active, lively: producing action or vigour: running or flowing, as opposed to stagnant.--_n._ means of subsistence: manner of life: a property: the benefice of a clergyman.--LIVING ROCK, rock in its native state or location; LIVING ROOM, a sitting-room for general family use; LIVING WAGE, a wage on which it is possible for a workman and his family to live fairly.--THE LIVING, those alive.

LIVRAISON, l[=e]-vr[=a]-zon', _n._ a number of a book published in parts. [Fr.]

LIVRE, l[=e]'vr, _n._ an old French coin, about the value of a franc, by which it was superseded in 1795: the ancient French unit of weight, equal to about 1 lb. avoirdupois. [Fr.,--L. _libra_, a pound.]

LIXIVIATION, liks-iv-i-[=a]'shun, _n._ the process of washing or steeping certain substances in a fluid, for the purpose of dissolving a portion of their ingredients, and so separating them from the insoluble residue.--_adjs._ LIXIV'IAL, LIXIV'IOUS.--_v.t._ LIXIV'IATE.--_n._ LIXIV'IUM, lye. [L. _lixivium_, lye.]

LIZARD, liz'ard, _n._ a family of four-footed scaly reptiles, a saurian or lacertilian.--_n._ LIZ'ARD-STONE, a Cornish serpentine. [Fr. _lézard_--L. _lacerta_.]

LLAMA, lä'ma, or l[=a]'ma, _n._ a South American ruminant of the camel family, used for transport in the Andes.

LLANO, lä'n[=o], or lyä'n[=o], _n._ one of the vast steppes or plains in the northern part of South America:--_pl._ LLA'NOS.--_n._ LLANERO (lya-n[=a]'r[=o]), an inhabitant of the llanos. [Sp.,--L. _planus_, plain.]

LLOYD'S, loidz, _n._ a part of the London Royal Exchange frequented by ship-owners, underwriters, &c. to obtain shipping intelligence and transact marine insurance.--LLOYD'S REGISTER, a list of sea-going vessels classified according to seaworthiness (as A1, &c.), annually prepared by an association of members of Lloyd's. [From their originally meeting in the coffee-house in Tower Street kept by Edward _Lloyd_ in the 17th century.]

LO, l[=o], _interj._ look! see! behold! [A.S. _lá_; imit.]

LOACH, LOCHE, l[=o]ch, _n._ a small river-fish.--Also _Beardie_. [Fr. _loche_, Sp. _loja_.]

LOAD, l[=o]d, _v.t._ to lade or burden: to put on as much as can be carried: to heap on: to put on overmuch: to confer or give in great abundance: to weigh down, to oppress: to weight by something specially added: to charge, as a gun: to make heavy, as a thin wine: to mix with white: to lay on colour in masses.--_v.i._ to put or take on a load: to charge a gun: to become loaded or burdened.--_n._ a lading or burden: as much as can be carried at once: freight or cargo: a measure: any large quantity borne: a quantity sustained with difficulty: that which burdens or grieves: a weight or encumbrance.--LOAD'EN, old _pa.p._ of load.--_ns._ LOAD'ER, one who, or that which, loads; LOAD'ING, the act of lading: a charge, cargo, or lading; LOAD'ING-MACHINE', a contrivance for loading cartridge-shells; LOAD'ING-TRAY, an iron frame on which a shot or shell is placed and brought forward into the opening in the breech of a gun; LOAD'-LINE, a line along the ship's side to mark the depth to which her proper cargo causes her to sink--also _Plimsoll's mark_.--LOAD A CANE, WHIP, to weight it with lead, &c.; LOAD DICE, to make one side heavier than the other, for purposes of cheating; LOAD WINE, to falsify by mixing it with distilled liquor, sugar, &c. [A.S. _hladan_, pa.t. _hlód_, to load.]

LOADSTAR. Same as LODESTAR.

LOADSTONE. Same as LODESTONE.

LOAF, l[=o]f, _n._ a regularly shaped mass of bread: a mass of sugar: any lump:--_pl._ LOAVES (l[=o]vz).--_n._ LOAF'-SUG'AR, refined sugar in the form of a cone.--LOAVES AND FISHES, temporal benefits, the main chance for one's self--from John, vi. 26. [A.S. _hláf_.]

LOAF, l[=o]f, _v.i._ to loiter, pass time idly.--_n._ LOAF'ER.--_adj._ LOAF'ERISH. [Prob. directly Ger. _läufer_, a runner, _laufen_, to run about.]

LOAM, l[=o]m, _n._ a muddy soil, of clay, sand, and animal and vegetable matter.--_v.t._ to cover with loam.--_adj._ LOAM'Y. [A.S. _lám_; Ger. _lehm_; cf. _lime_.]

LOAN, l[=o]n, _n._ a lane: an open space for passage left between fields of corn: a place for milking cows.--Also LOAN'ING. [_Lane_.]

LOAN, l[=o]n, _n._ anything lent: the act of lending: permission to use: money lent for interest.--_v.t._ to lend.--_adj._ LOAN'ABLE.--_ns._ LOAN'-OFF'ICE, a public office at which loans are negotiated, a pawnbroker's shop; LOAN'-SOC[=I]'ETY, a society organised to lend money to be repaid with interest by instalments; LOAN'-WORD, one taken into one language from another--like _Loafer_ above. [A.S. _l['æ]n_; Ice. _lán_, Dan. _laan_, cf. Ger. _lehen_, a fief.]

LOATH, LOTH, l[=o]th, _adj._ disliking: reluctant, unwilling.--_adv._ LOATH'LY.--_n._ LOATH'NESS. [A.S. _láð_, hateful--_líðan_, to travel; Ger. _leiden_, suffer.]

LOATHE, l[=o]_th_, _v.t._ to dislike greatly, to feel disgust at.--_adj._ LOATH'FUL, full of loathing, hate, or abhorrence: exciting loathing or disgust.--_n._ LOATH'ING, extreme hate or disgust: abhorrence.--_adj._ hating.--_adv._ LOATH'INGLY.--_adjs._ LOATH'LY, LOATH'Y (_obs._), loathsome; LOATH'SOME, exciting loathing or abhorrence: detestable.--_adv._ LOATH'SOMELY.--_n._ LOATH'SOMENESS. [A.S. _láðian_--_láð_; cf. _loath_.]

LOB, lob, _n._ a clumsy person, the last in a race: a lobworm: the coal-fish: at cricket, a long slow ball: something thick and heavy.--_v.t._ to throw gently, slowly, or with underhand delivery: at lawn-tennis, to strike the ball high over an opponent's head into the end of the court: to hang wearily down.--_n._ LOBS'POUND, a prison.--LOB LIE BY THE FIRE, Milton's _lubber-fiend_, a brownie who works by night for his bowl of cream. [W. _llob_; cf. _Lubber_.]

LOBBY, lob'i, _n._ a small hall or waiting-room: a passage serving as a common entrance to several apartments: the ante-chamber of a legislative hall, frequented by outsiders for the purpose of influencing votes.--_ns._ LOBB'YING, frequenting the lobby to collect political intelligence, &c.; LOBB'YIST, LOBB'Y-MEM'BER, a journalist, &c., who frequents a lobby in the interest of some cause or of a newspaper. [Low L. _lobia_--Middle High Ger. _loube_ (Ger. _laube_), a portico, arbour--_laub_, a leaf.]

LOBE, l[=o]b, _n._ the lower part of the ear: (_anat._) a division of the lungs, brain, &c.: (_bot._) a division of a leaf.--_adjs._ LOB'AR, LOB'[=A]TE, LOBED, LOB'OSE; LOBE'-FOOT'ED, L[=O]'BIPED, having lobate feet, as a coot, grebe, or phalarope.--_ns._ LOBE'LET, LOB'ULE, a small lobe.--_adjs._ LOB'ULAR, LOB'UL[=A]TED.--_ns._ LOB'ULUS, any small lobe or lobe-like structure:--_pl._ LOB'UL[=I]; L[=O]'BUS, a lobe:--_pl._ L[=O]'B[=I].--LOBAR PNEUMONIA, inflammation of a whole lobe of the lungs, as distinguished from LOBULAR PNEUMONIA, which attacks the lungs in patches. [Fr., prob. through Low L. from Gr. _lobos_, lobe; cf. _lap_, to fold.]

LOBELIA, lob-[=e]'li-a, _n._ an ornamental flower, its roots medicinal. [_Lobel_, a Flemish botanist.]

LOBLOLLY, lob'lol-i, _n._ a loutish person: medicine.--_n._ LOB'LOLLY-BOY, a ship-surgeon's attendant.

LOBSCOUSE, lob'skows, _n._ a stew or hash with vegetables, a dish used at sea. [Origin dub.]

LOBSTER, lob'st[.e]r, _n._ a shellfish with large claws, used for food: (_slang_) a British soldier. [A.S. _loppestre_, _lopust_--L. _locusta_, a lobster.]

LOBWORM, lob'wurm, _n._ a large worm used as bait. [Perh. _lob_--W. _llob_, a dull fellow, and worm.]

LOCAL, l[=o]'kal, _adj._ of or belonging to a place: confined to a spot or district.--_ns._ LOCALE (l[=o]-käl'), a locality: the scene of some event; LOCALIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ L[=O]'CALISE, to assign to a place: to refer a sensation in perception to some part of the body.--_ns._ L[=O]'CALISM, the state of being local: affection for a place: provincialism; LOCAL'ITY, existence in a place: position: district.--_adv._ L[=O]'CALLY.--_v.t._ LOC[=A]TE', to place: to set in a particular position: to designate the place of.--_n._ LOC[=A]'TION, act of locating or placing: situation: (_law_) a leasing on rent.--_adj._ L[=O]'C[=A]TIVE (_gram._), indicating place.--LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACTS, a series of enactments instituting local self-government of the various counties of Great Britain and of a large number of boroughs; LOCAL OPTION, a phrase first used by Mr Gladstone in a letter in 1868 for the determination by vote of the people of a town or district as to whether licenses to sell intoxicating liquors shall be granted or not. [Fr.,--Low L. _localis_--_locus_, a place.]

LOCH, loh, _n._ a lake or arm of the sea.--_ns._ LOCHABER AXE (loh-ä'b[.e]r aks), a battle-axe used by the Scottish Highlanders, having a narrow blade, but very long towards the shaft, and generally with a hook at the end of the staff; LOCH'AN (_Scot._), a pond. [Gael. _loch_; cf. _Lake_.]

LOCHE, _n._ See LOACH.

LOCHIA, l[=o]'ki-a, _n.pl._ the evacuations from the womb after childbirth.--_adj._ L[=O]'CHIAL. [Gr.]

LOCK, lok, _n._ a device to fasten doors, &c.: an enclosure in a canal for raising or lowering boats: the part of a firearm by which it is discharged: a grapple in wrestling: a state of being immovable: any narrow, confined place.--_v.t._ to fasten with a lock: to fasten so as to impede motion: to shut up: to close fast: to embrace closely: to furnish with locks.--_v.i._ to become fast: to unite closely.--_ns._ LOCK'AGE, the locks of a canal: the difference in their levels, the materials used for them, and the tolls paid for passing through them; LOCK'-CHAIN, a chain for fastening the wheels of a vehicle by tying the rims to some part which does not rotate; LOCK'ER, any closed place that may be locked; LOCK'ET, a little ornamental case of gold or silver, usually containing a miniature.--_adj._ LOCK'FAST, firmly fastened by locks.--_ns._ LOCK'GATE, a gate for opening or closing a lock in a canal or river; LOCK'-HOS'PITAL (see HOSPITAL); LOCK'HOUSE, the lock-keeper's house; LOCK'-JAW, LOCKED'-JAW, a contraction of the muscles of the jaw by which its motion is suspended; LOCK'-KEEP'ER, one who keeps or attends the locks of a canal; LOCK'OUT, the act of locking out, esp. used of the locking out of a teacher by the pupils or _vice versâ_, or of the refusal of an employer to admit his workmen within the works as a means of coercion; LOCKS'MAN, a turnkey; LOCK'SMITH, a smith who makes and mends locks; LOCK'STITCH, a stitch formed by the locking of two threads together; LOCK'UP, a place for locking up or confining persons for a short time.--NOT A SHOT IN THE LOCKER (_naut._), not a penny in the pocket. [A.S. _loca_, a lock; Ice. _loka_, a bolt, Ger. _loch_, a dungeon.]

LOCK, lok, _n._ a tuft or ringlet of hair: a small quantity, as of hay: (_Scots law_) a quantity of meal, the perquisite of a mill-servant: (_Shak._) a love-lock--_n._ LOCK'MAN, an officer in the Isle of Man who acts as a kind of under-sheriff to the governor. [A.S. _locc_; Ice. _lokkr_, Ger. _locke_, a lock.]

LOCKIAN, lok'i-an, _adj._ pertaining to the philosophy of John _Locke_ (1632-1704).--_ns._ LOCK'IAN, LOCK'IST.

LOCKRAM, lok'ram, _n._ a kind of coarse linen--from _Locrenan_, in Brittany, where made.

LOCOFOCO, l[=o]-k[=o]-f[=o]'k[=o], _n._ (_U.S._) a friction match: the extreme section of the Democratic party of 1835, known as the Equal Rights Party, or any adherent of it. [L. _locus_, a place, _focus_, a hearth.]

LOCOMOTIVE, l[=o]-ko-m[=o]'tiv, _adj._ moving from place to place: capable of, or assisting in, locomotion.--_n._ a locomotive machine: a railway engine.--_ns._ LOCOM[=O]'TION; LOCOMOTIV'ITY; LOCOM[=O]'TOR.--_adj._ LOCOM[=O]'TORY.--LOCOMOTOR ATAXY (see ATAXIA). [L. _locus_, a place, _mov[=e]re_, _motum_, to move.]

LOCORESTIVE, l[=o]-k[=o]-res'tiv, _adj._ staying in one place.

LOCULUS, lok'[=u]-lus, _n._ (_bot._, _anat._, _zool._) a small compartment or cell: in ancient catacombs, a small recess for holding an urn:--_pl._ LOC'UL[=I].--_n._ LOC'ULAMENT (_bot._), loculus.--_adjs._ LOC'ULAR, LOC'UL[=A]TE, LOC'ULOSE, LOC'ULOUS. [Dim. of L. _locus_, a place.]

LOCUM-TENENS, l[=o]'kum-t[=e]n'enz, _n._ a deputy or substitute.--_n._ L[=O]'CUM-T[=E]N'ENCY, the holding by a temporary substitute of a post. [L. _locus_, a place, _ten[=e]re_, to hold.]

LOCUS, l[=o]'kus, _n._ (_math._) the curve described by a point, or the surface generated by a line, moving in a given manner: a passage in a writing:--_pl._ LOCI (l[=o]'s[=i]), a collection of passages, esp. from sacred and ancient writings, arranged with special reference to some particular theme.--LOCUS CLASSICUS (_pl._ LOCI CLASSICI), a standard passage, esp. in an ancient author: that passage which is the accepted authority for some particular subject or for the use of some special or disputed word; LOCUS STANDI (_law_), right of place in court: recognised place or position. [L.]

LOCUST, l[=o]'kust, _n._ a migratory winged insect, in shape like the grasshopper, highly destructive to vegetation.--_v.i._ (_rare_) to lay waste like locusts. [L. _locusta_.]

LOCUST, l[=o]'kust, _n._ a tree with thorny branches and dense clusters of white, heavily-scented flowers, found in the U.S.: the carob-tree.--_ns._ LOCUS'TA, the spikelet of grasses:--_pl._ LOCUS'TÆ; L[=O]'CUST-BEAN, the sweet pod of the carob-tree.

LOCUTION, l[=o]-k[=u]'shun, _n._ the act of speaking: form of speaking, phraseology, a phrase.--_n._ LOC'UTORY, a room for conversation, esp. in monastic establishments. [L. _locution-em_--_loqui_, _locutus_, to speak.]

LODE, l[=o]d, _n._ a vein containing metallic ore: a reach of water: an open ditch.--_ns._ LODES'MAN, a pilot; LODE'STAR, the star that guides, the pole-star--often used figuratively; LODE'STONE, a stone or ore of iron that attracts other pieces of iron. [A.S. _lád_, a course--_líðan_, to travel.]

LODGE, loj, _n._ a small house in a park: a hut: the cottage of a gatekeeper: a retreat: a secret association, also the place of meeting.--_v.t._ to furnish with a temporary dwelling: place, deposit: to infix, to settle: to drive to covert: to lay flat, as grain.--_v.i._ to reside: to rest: to dwell for a time: to pass the night: to lie flat, as grain.--_ns._ LODG'ER, one who lodges or lives at board or in a hired room; LODG'ING, temporary habitation: a room or rooms hired in the house of another (often in _pl._): harbour; LODG'ING-HOUSE, a house where lodgings are let, a house other than a hotel where travellers lodge; LODG'MENT, act of lodging, or state of being lodged: accumulation of something that remains at rest: (_mil._) the occupation of a position by a besieging party, and the works thrown up to maintain it.--LODGER FRANCHISE, a right to vote conferred on persons occupying lodgings.--GRAND LODGE, the principal lodge of Freemasons, presided over by the Grand-master. [O. Fr. _loge_--Old High Ger. _loub[=a]_, an arbour.]

LOESS, l[.e]s, or l[=o]'es, _n._ a loamy deposit of Pleistocene age, in the valleys of the Rhine, Danube, and Rhone.--Also LÖSS. [Ger. _löss_.]

LOFT, loft, _n._ the room or space immediately under a roof: a gallery in a hall or church: an upper room.--_v.t._ to furnish with a loft: (_golf_) to strike the ball up by means of a club called the LOFT'ER.--_adv._ LOFT'ILY.--_n._ LOFT'INESS.--_adj._ LOFT'Y, high in position, character, sentiment, or diction: stately: haughty.--LOFTED HOUSE (_Scot._), a house of more than one story.--COCK OF THE LOFT, the head or chief of a set. [Ice. _lopt_ (loft), the sky, an upper room; A.S. _lyft_, Ger. _luft_, the air.]

LOG, log, _n._ a Hebrew liquid measure, believed to be very nearly an English pint. [Heb. _l[=o]gh_.]

LOG, log, _n._ a bulky piece of wood: a heavy, stupid, or sluggish person.--_adj._ consisting of logs.--_ns._ LOG'-CAB'IN, -HOUSE, -HUT, a cabin or hut built of hewn or unhewn logs, common in new American settlements; LOG'GAT, a small log or piece of wood: an old game somewhat like nine-pins; LOG'GERHEAD, a blockhead: a dunce: (_naut._) a round piece of timber, in a whale-boat, over which the line is passed: a species of sea-turtle: a round mass of iron with a long handle, heated for various purposes.--_adj._ LOG'GERHEADED.--_ns._ LOG'-HEAD, a blockhead; LOG'-MAN (_Shak._), a man who carries logs: (_U.S._) one whose occupation is to cut and remove logs--also LOG'GER.--_v.t._ LOG'-ROLL, to engage in log-rolling.--_ns._ LOG'-ROLL'ER; LOG'-ROLL'ING, a combination for facilitating the collection of logs after the clearing of a piece of land, or for rolling logs into a stream: mutual aid given by politicians for carrying out individual schemes: a system of literary criticism conducted on the lines of mutual admiration or adulation; LOG'WOOD, the dark-red heart-wood of _Hæmatoxylon campechianum_, a native of Mexico and Central America, whence it is exported in logs.--AT LOGGERHEADS, at issue, quarrelling about differences of opinion, &c. [Ice. _lág_, a felled tree, _liggja_, to lie. Cf. _Lie_ and _Log_.]

LOG, log, _n._ a piece of wood with a line for measuring the speed of a ship: the record of a ship's progress.--_v.t._ to exhibit by the indication of the log: to enter in the logbook.--_ns._ LOG'BOARD; LOG'BOOK, the official record of the proceedings on board ship: a book kept by the head-master of a board-school for recording attendances and other matters connected with the school; LOG'-CHIP, the board, in the form of a quadrant, attached to a logline; LOG'-GLASS, a 14- or 28-second sand-glass, used with the logline to ascertain the speed of a ship; LOG'LINE, the line fastened to the log, and marked for finding the speed of a vessel; LOG'-REEL, a reel on which the logline is wound; LOG'-SLATE, a double slate, marked and ruled in the inside, for recording the log.--HEAVE THE LOG, to learn the speed of a ship by logline and glass. [Sw. _logg_, a ship's log, a piece of wood that lies in the water.]

LOGAN, log'an, _n._ a rocking-stone.--Also LOG'GING-ROCK. [Prob. cog. with Dan. _logre_, to wag the tail.]

LOGAOEDIC, log-a-[=e]'dik, _adj._ (_ancient prosody_) pertaining to a variety of trochaic or iambic verse, where dactyls are combined with trochees or anapæsts with iambi. [Gr. _logos_, prose, _aoid[=e]_, song.]

LOGARITHM, log'a-rithm, _n._ (of a number) the power to which another given number must be raised in order that it may equal the former number: one of a series of numbers having a certain relation to the series of natural numbers by means of which many arithmetical operations are simplified.--_adjs._ LOGARITH'MIC, -AL, pertaining to, or consisting of, logarithms.--_adv._ LOGARITH'MICALLY. [Gr. _logos_, ratio, _arithmos_, number.]

LOGGIA, loj'a, _n._ an open arcade enclosing a passage or open apartment, common in Italy:--_pl._ LOGG'IE (-e). [It.; cf. _Lodge_.]

LOGIA, log'i-a, _n.pl._ oracles, sayings, a supposed primitive collection of the sayings and discourses of Jesus, largely drawn upon by the writers of the first and third gospels for much of what they have in common with each other apart from Mark. [Gr.]

LOGIC, loj'ik, _n._ the science and art of reasoning correctly: the science of the necessary laws of thought.--_adj._ LOG'ICAL, according to the rules of logic: skilled in logic: discriminating.--_ns._ LOGICAL'ITY, LOG'ICALNESS.--_adv._ LOG'ICALLY.--_n._ LOGIC'IAN, one skilled in logic.--_v.i._ LOG'ICISE, to argue.--CHOP LOGIC (see CHOP); DEDUCTIVE LOGIC, logic independent of probability or quantitative considerations; FORMAL LOGIC, logic regarded as a distinct science, independent of matters of fact; INDUCTIVE LOGIC, the logic of scientific reasoning; MATERIAL LOGIC, logic which takes into account natural fact or phenomena, as distinct from _formal logic_; NATURAL LOGIC, the natural faculty of distinguishing the true from the false: the logical doctrine applicable to natural things as opposed to the _logic of faith_; PURE LOGIC, the general laws of thought. [Gr. _logik[=e]_, from _logos_, speech.]

LOGISTIC, -AL, loj-is'tik, -al, _adj._ skilled in calculating: proportional.--_n._ LOGIS'TIC, the art of calculation, sexagesimal arithmetic: (_pl._) that branch of military science relating to the movement and supplying of armies. [Gr. _logist[=e]s_, a calculator--_logizesthai_, to compute.]

LOGODÆDALY, log-o-d[=e]'da-li, _n._ verbal legerdemain.

LOGOGRAM, log'o-gram, _n._ a sign which represents a word: a puzzle in which from an original word, by combinations of all or some of its letters, other words are formed, which again are concealed under synonymous expressions in a series of verses. [Gr. _logos_, word, _gramma_, letter.]

LOGOGRAPHER, lo-gog'ra-f[.e]r, _n._ in Greek literature, one of the earliest annalists, esp. those before Herodotus.--_adjs._ LOGOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ LOGOGRAPH'ICALLY.--_ns._ LOGOG'RAPHY, a method of printing with whole words cast in a single type; LOG'OTYPE, a type containing two or more letters. [Gr.,--_logos_, word, _graphein_, to write.]

LOGOGRIPH, log'[=o]-grif, _n._ a riddle. [Gr. _logos_, word, _griphos_, a riddle.]

LOGOMACHY, lo-gom'a-ki, _n._ contention about words or in words merely.--_n._ LOGOM'ACHIST. [Gr. _logomachia_--_logos_, word, _mach[=e]_, fight.]

LOGOMANIA, log-o-m[=a]'ni-a, _n._ disease of the faculty of language. [Gr. _logos_, speech, and _mania_.]

LOGOMETER, l[=o]-gom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ a logarithmic scale: a scale for measuring chemical equivalents.

LOGOS, log'os, _n._ in the Stoic philosophy, the active principle living in and determining the world: (_theol._) the Word of God incarnate. [Gr.]

LOIMIC, loi'mik, _adj._ relating to the plague.--_ns._ LOIMOG'RAPHY; LOIMOL'OGY.

LOIN, loin, _n._ the back of a beast cut for food: (_pl._) the reins, or the lower part of the back.--_n._ LOIN'-CLOTH, a piece of cloth for wearing round the loins.--GIRD UP THE LOINS, to prepare for energetic action--the clothes tucked up before running, &c. [O. Fr. _logne_--L. _lumbus_, loin.]

LOITER, loi't[.e]r, _v.i._ to delay: to be slow in moving: to linger.--_n._ LOI'TERER.--_adv._ LOI'TERINGLY. [Dut. _leuteren_, to trifle; Ger. prov. _lottern_, to waver.]

LOKI, l[=o]'ki, _n._ an evil giant-god in Norse mythology.

LOLIGO, l[=o]-l[=i]'go, _n._ the typical genus of _Loliginidæ_, embracing the common European squid. [L.]

LOLIUM, l[=o]'li-um, _n._ a genus of grasses of the tribe Hordeeæ. [L., darnel, 'tares.']

LOLL, lol, _v.i._ to lie lazily about, to lounge: to hang out from the mouth.--_v.t._ to thrust out (the tongue).--_n._ LOLL'ER.--_adv._ LOLL'INGLY.--_v.i._ LOLL'OP, to lounge, idle: (_coll._) to be moved heavily about. [Old Dut. _lollen_, to sit over the fire; cf. _Lull_.]

LOLLARDS, lol'ards, _n.pl._ the followers of Wycliffe in England: a society founded in Antwerp (1300 A.D.) for the burial of the dead and the care of the sick.--_ns._ LOLL'ARDY, LOLL'ARDISM, the doctrines of the Lollards. [Old Dut. _Lollaerd_, from their peculiar hum in singing--_lollen_, to sing softly; but confused with M. E. _loller_, an idler; cf. _Loll_.]

LOLLY, lol'i, _n._ a lump.--_n._ LOLL'YPOP, a sweetmeat made with sugar and treacle: (_pl._) sweets.

LOMA, l[=o]'ma, _n._ a lobe, flap, or fringe bordering the toe of a bird.

LOMBARD, lom'bard, _n._ an inhabitant of _Lombardy_ in Italy: one of the Lombards or Langobardi, a Germanic tribe, which founded a kingdom in Lombardy (568), overthrown by Charlemagne (774): (_obs._) a banker or money-lender, so called from the number of Lombard bankers in London.--_adjs._ LOM'BARD, LOMBAR'DIC.--LOMBARD ARCHITECTURE, the style used by the Lombards, derived from the base Roman style they found in the country, superseded by the Pointed Style imported from France (13th century); LOMBARD STREET, the chief centre of the banking interest in London. [O. Fr.,--L. _Langobardus_, from Old Teut. _lang_, long, _bart_, beard.]

LOMENT, l[=o]'ment, _n._ (_bot._) an indehiscent legume, with constrictions or transverse articulations between the seeds--also LOMEN'TUM.--_adj._ LOMENT[=A]'CEOUS.

LONDONER, lun'dun-[.e]r, _n._ a native or citizen of London.--_adj._ LONDONESE', pertaining to London: cockney.--_n._ English as spoken in London: cockney speech.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ LON'DONISE.--_n._ LON'DONISM, a mode of speech, &c., peculiar to London.--LONDON CLAY, a geological formation in south-eastern England, belonging to the lower division of the Eocene Tertiary; LONDON PRIDE, a hardy perennial cultivated in cottage-gardens--also _None-so-pretty_ and _St Patrick's cabbage_.

LONE, l[=o]n, LONELY, l[=o]n'li, _adj._ alone: solitary: retired: standing by itself.--_ns._ LONE'LINESS, LONE'NESS.--_adj._ LONE'SOME, solitary: dismal.--_adv._ LONE'SOMELY.--_n._ LONE'SOMENESS. [_Alone_.]

LONG, long, _conj._ by means (of), owing (to). [_Along_.]

LONG, long, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to belong.

LONG, long, _adj._ (_comp._ LONG'ER; _superl._ LONG'EST) extended: not short: extended in time: slow in coming: tedious: far-reaching.--_n._ (_prosody_) a long time or syllable: (_coll._) the long summer vacation at the English universities, termed 'the Long.'--_adv._ to a great extent in space or time: through the whole: all along.--_v.i._ to desire earnestly.--_adv._ LONG'-AG[=O]', in the far past.--_n._ the far past.--_n._ LONGANIM'ITY, long-suffering, endurance.--_adj._ LONGAN'IMOUS.--_ns._ LONG'BOAT, the largest and strongest boat of a ship; LONG'-BOW, a bow bent by the hand in shooting, called long as distinguished from the cross-bow.--_adj._ LONG'-BREATHED, able to continue violent exercise of the lungs for a long time.--_n.pl._ LONG'-COATS, long clothes, worn by infants.--_adj._ LONG'-DESCEND'ED, of ancient lineage.--_n._ LONG'-DOZ'EN, thirteen.--_adjs._ LONG'-DRAWN, prolonged; LONGEVAL, LONGEVOUS (-j[=e]'-), of long or great age.--_ns._ LONGEVITY (-jev'-); LONG'-FIELD (_cricket_), a fielder placed near the boundary on the bowler's side; LONG'-FIRM, the name given to a company of swindlers who obtain goods on pretence of being established in business, and then decamp without payment to do the like elsewhere; LONG'HAND, writing of the ordinary kind.--_adj._ LONG'-HEAD'ED, having good intellectual powers: sagacious.--_ns._ LONG'-HEAD'EDNESS; LONG'-HUN'DRED, a hundred and twenty.--_adjs._ LON'GICORN (-ji-), having long antennæ; LONGIMANOUS (-jim'-), long-handed; LONGIMET'RIC.--_ns._ LONGIMETRY (-jim'-), the art of measuring distances; LONG'ING, an eager desire, craving, esp. of the whimsical desires sometimes felt in pregnancy.--_adv._ LONG'INGLY.--_n._ LONGINQUITY (-jinq'-), greatness of distance.--_adj._ LONGIPEN'NATE (-ji-), long-winged, as gulls.--_n._ LONGIROS'TER (-ji-), one of a family of birds having a long, slender bill, as the snipe.--_adjs._ LONGIROS'TRAL, LONGIROS'TRATE (-ji-), having a long bill or beak; LONG'ISH.--_n._ LON'GITUDE (-ji-), distance of a place east or west of a given meridian: distance in degrees from the vernal equinox, on the ecliptic--_adj._ LONGITUD'INAL, pertaining to longitude or length: extending lengthwise.--_adv._ LONGITUD'INALLY.--_n._ LONG'-LEG (_cricket_), see LEG.--_adj._ LONG'-LEGGED, having long legs.--_n._ LONG'LEGS, an insect with long legs, as the common crane-fly.--_adj._ LONG'-LIVED, having a long life.--_adv._ LONG'LY (_Shak._), longingly.--_ns._ LONG'-MEAS'URE, lineal measure; LONG'-OFF, LONG'-ON (_cricket_), the fielders in the long-field to the left and right of the bowler respectively; LONG'-PRIM'ER, a size of type intermediate between small pica and bourgeois; LONG'-PUR'PLES, the manorchis.--_adj._ LONG'-RANGE, able to reach or hit from a considerable distance.--_n.pl._ LONGS'-AND-SHORTS', verses.--_adj._ LONG'SHORE, existing or employed along the shore.--_n._ LONG'SHOREMAN, a stevedore: one who makes a living along shores by oyster-fishing, &c.--_adj._ LONG'-SIGHT'ED, able to see far but not close at hand: sagacious.--_ns._ LONG'-SIGHT'EDNESS; LONG'-SLIP (_cricket_), a fielder some distance behind on the right of the batsman.--_adjs._ LONG'SOME, long and tedious; LONG'-SPUN, long-drawn, tedious; LONG'-ST[=A]'PLE, having a long fibre.--_n._ LONG'-STOP (_cricket_), one who stands behind the wicket-keeper and stops balls missed by him.--_v.i._ to field at long-stop.--_adj._ LONG'-SUFF'ERING, enduring long.--_n._ long endurance or patience.--_n._ LONG'-TAIL, an animal, esp. a dog, with uncut tail--also _adj._--_adjs._ LONG'-TONGUED, talkative, babbling; LONG'-VIS'AGED, having a long face, of rueful countenance; LONG'-WAIST'ED, having a long waist, long from the armpits to the hips; LONG'-WIND'ED, long-breathed: tedious.--_n._ LONG'-WIND'EDNESS.--_adv._ LONG'WISE, lengthwise.--LONG HOME, the grave; LONG TOM (see TOM).--A LONG FIGURE (_slang_), a high price or rate; BEFORE LONG, ERE LONG, soon; DRAW THE LONG-BOW, to exaggerate, to tell incredible stories; FOR LONG, for a considerable period of time; IN THE LONG-RUN (see RUN); MAKE A LONG ARM (_prov._), to help one's self liberally at table; THE LONG AND THE SHORT, the sum of the matter in a few words. [A.S. _lang_; Ger. _lang_, Ice. _langr_.]

LOO, l[=oo], _n._ a game at cards.--_v.t._ to beat in the game of loo:--_pr.p._ l[=oo]'ing; _pa.p._ l[=oo]ed.--_n._ LOO'-T[=A]'BLE, a table for loo. [Formerly _lanterloo_--Dut. _lanterlu_. Cf. Dut. _lanterfant_, an idler.]

LOOBY, l[=oo]b'i, _n._ a clumsy, clownish fellow.--_adv._ LOOB'ILY. [From root of _lob_.]

LOOF, l[=oo]f, _n._ the after-part of a ship's bow where the planks begin to curve in towards the cut-water. [Dut. _loef_, the weather-gauge, luff, orig. a paddle for steering; perh. conn. with _loof_, palm.]

LOOF, l[=oo]f, _n._ (Scot) the palm of the hand. [Ice. _lófi_.]

LOOFA. See LUFFA.

LOOK, l[=oo]k, _v.i._ to turn the eye toward so as to see; to direct the attention to: to watch: to seem: to face, as a house: (_B._) to expect.--_v.t._ to express by a look: to influence by look.--_n._ the act of looking or seeing: sight: air of the face: appearance.--_imp._ or _interj._ see: behold.--_ns._ LOOK'ER, one who looks; LOOK'ER-ON, one that looks on, a mere spectator; LOOK'ING, seeing: search or searching; LOOK'ING-FOR (_B._), expectation; LOOK'ING-GLASS, a glass which reflects the image of the person looking into it, a mirror; LOOK'OUT, a careful watching for: an elevated place from which to observe: one engaged in watching.--LOOK ABOUT, to be on the watch; LOOK AFTER, to attend to or take care of: (_B._) to expect; LOOK ALIVE (_coll._), to bestir one's self; LOOK DOWN ON, to treat with indifference, to despise; LOOK FOR, to search for, to expect; LOOK INTO, to inspect closely; LOOK ON, to regard, view, think; LOOK OUT, to watch: to select; LOOK OVER, to examine cursorily: to overlook or pass over anything; LOOK THROUGH, to penetrate with the eye or the understanding; LOOK TO, to take care of: to depend on; LOOK UP, to search for: (_coll._) to call upon, visit.--HAVE A LOOK IN (_slang_), to have a chance. [A.S. _lócian_, to look.]

LOOM, l[=oo]m, _n._ a machine in which yarn or thread is woven into a fabric, by the crossing of threads called _chain_ or _warp_, running lengthwise, with others called _weft_, _woof_, or _filling_; the handle of an oar, or the part within the rowlock.--_n._ JAC'QUARD-LOOM, a famous apparatus devised by Joseph Marie _Jacquard_ (1752-1834), invaluable in weaving the finer kinds of figured silk fabrics. [A.S. _gelóma_, a tool.]

LOOM, l[=oo]m, _v.i._ to appear above the horizon, or larger than the real size: to show large in darkness, &c.: to stand out prominently in the future.--_n._ LOOM'ING, a mirage. [O. Fr. _lumer_--L. _lumin[=a]re_.]

LOON, l[=oo]n, _n._ a low fellow: a rascal: (_Scot._) a lad. [Old Dut. _loen_, a stupid fellow, _lome_, slow.]

LOON, l[=oo]n, _n._ a genus of web-footed aquatic birds, the Divers, with short wings, and legs placed very far back--also LOOM.--_n._ LOON'ING, the cry of a loon, like the howl of a wolf, ominous of evil. [Ice. _lómr_, prob. influenced by _loon_, as above, from their awkward walk on land.]

LOOP, l[=oo]p, _n._ a doubling of a cord, chain, &c., through which another may pass: an ornamental doubling in fringes.--_v.t._ to fasten or ornament with loops.--_n.pl._ LOOP'ERS, the caterpillars of certain moths, which move by drawing up the hindpart of their body to the head.--_n._ LOOP'-LINE, a branch from a main line of railway, returning to it after making a detour. [Prob. Celt.; Gael. _lub_, a bend.]

LOOP, l[=oo]p, LOOPHOLE, l[=oo]p'h[=o]l, _n._ a small hole in a wall, &c., through which small-arms may be fired: a means of escape.--_adjs._ LOOPED (_Shak._), full of small openings; LOOP'HOLED.--_n._ LOOP'-LIGHT, a small narrow window. [O. Fr. _loup_.]

LOORD, l[=oo]rd, _n._ (_Spens._) a lout. [Fr. _lourd_, heavy.]

LOOS, l[=oo]s, _n._ (_Spens._) praise. [L. _laus_, praise.]

LOOSE, l[=oo]s, _adj._ slack, free: unbound: not confined: not compact: indefinite: vague: not strict: unrestrained: lax in principle: licentious: inattentive.--_adj._ LOOSE'-BOD'IED, flowing.--_n._ LOOSE'-KIR'TLE, a wanton.--_adv._ LOOSE'LY.--_ns._ LOOS'ENER, a laxative; LOOSE'NESS, the state of being loose: diarrhoea.--LOOSE BOX, a part of a stable where horses are kept untied.--BREAK LOOSE, to escape from confinement; GIVE A LOOSE TO, to give free vent to; LET LOOSE, to set at liberty. [A.S. _leás_, loose; from the same root as _loose_ (_v.t._) and _lose_, seen also in Goth. _laus_, Ger. _los_; more prob. due to Ice. _lauss_.]

LOOSE, l[=oo]s, _v.t._ to free from any fastening: to release: to relax: (_Spens._) to solve.--_v.i._ (_B._) to set sail.--_v.t._ LOOS'EN, to make loose: to relax anything tied or rigid: to make less dense; to open, as the bowels.--_v.i._ to become loose: to become less tight. [A.S. _lósian_; Ger. _lösen_, Goth. _lausjan_, to loose.]

LOOSESTRIFE, l[=oo]s'str[=i]f, _n._ the popular name for a plant of the natural order _Lythraceæ_ (q.v.).

LOOT, l[=oo]t, _n._ act of plundering, esp. in a conquered city: plunder.--_v.t._ or _v.i._ to plunder, ransack. [Hindi _l[=u]t_--Sans. _lotra_, _loptra_, stolen goods.]

LOP, lop, _v.i._ to hang down loosely.--_adjs._ LOP'-EARED, having ears which hang downwards; LOP'SIDED, heavier on one side than the other, as a ship.

LOP, lop, _v.t._ to cut off the top or ends of, esp. of a tree: to curtail by cutting away superfluous parts:--_pr.p._ lop'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ lopped.--_n._ twigs of trees cut off--_ns._ LOP'PER; LOP'PING, a cutting off: that which is cut off. [Cf. Dut. _lubben_, to cut; perh. conn. with _leaf_.]

LOPE, l[=o]p, _v.i._ to leap: to run with a long stride.

LOPHOBRANCH, l[=o]'f[=o]-brangk, _adj._ having tufted gills.--Also LOPHOBRAN'CHIATE. [Gr. _lophos_, a crest, _brachia_, gills.]

LOQUACIOUS, lo-kw[=a]'shus, _adj._ talkative.--_adv._ LOQU[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_ns._ LOQU[=A]'CIOUSNESS, LOQUAC'ITY, talkativeness. [L. _loquax_, _-acis_--_loqui_, to speak.]

LOQUAT, l[=o]'kwat, _n._ an esteemed Chinese and Japanese fruit, yellowish, flavouring tarts. [Chinese.]

LORATE, l[=o]r'[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) resembling a thong or strap. [L. _loratus_--_lorum_, a thong.]

LORCHA, lor'cha, _n._ a light vessel of European build, but rigged like a Chinese junk.

LORD, lawrd, _n._ a master: a superior: a husband: a ruler: the proprietor of a manor: a baron: a peer of the realm: the son of a duke or marquis, or the eldest son of an earl: a bishop, esp. if a member of parliament: (_B._) the Supreme Being, Jehovah (when printed in capitals): a name also applied to Christ.--_v.t._ to raise to the peerage.--_v.i._ to act the lord: to tyrannise.--_ns._ LORD'LINESS; LORD'LING, a little lord: a would-be lord--also LORD'ING, LORD'KIN.--_adj._ LORD'LY, like, becoming, or pertaining to a lord: dignified: haughty: tyrannical--also _adv._--_ns._ LORDOL'ATRY, excessive worship of nobility; LORDS'-AND-L[=A]'DIES, a popular name for the common arum (q.v.); LORD'S'-DAY, the first day of the week; LORD'SHIP, state or condition of being a lord: the territory belonging to a lord: dominion: authority; LORD'S'-SUP'PER, the sacrament of the communion, instituted at our Lord's last supper.--LORD-LIEUTENANT OF A COUNTY (see LIEUTENANT); LORD-LIEUTENANT OF IRELAND, a viceroy or deputy of the sovereign to whom the government of Ireland is nominally committed; LORD OF MISRULE (see MISRULE); LORDS OF SESSION, the judges of the Scotch Court of Session; LORDS ORDINARY, the five judges forming the outer house of the Court of Session; LORDS SPIRITUAL, the archbishops and bishops in the House of Lords--opp. to LORDS TEMPORAL, the peers proper.--HOUSE OF LORDS, the upper house in the two branches of the British parliament, consisting of the lords spiritual and temporal. [M. E. _loverd_, _laverd_--A.S. _hláford_--_hláf_, a loaf, bread, _weard_, warder.]

LORDOSIS, lor-d[=o]'sis, _n._ abnormal curvature of the spinal column, the convexity towards the front.

LORE, l[=o]r, _n._ that which is learned: doctrine: learning.--_n._ LOR'ING (_Spens._), learning. [A.S. _lár_.]

LORE, l[=o]r, _n._ (_Spens._) something like a thong: (_ornith._) the side of the head between the eye and the base of the upper mandible.

LOREL, lor'el, _n._ (_Spens._) an idle fellow. [_Losel_.]

LORETTE, l[=o]-ret', _n._ a showy strumpet. [Fr.]

LORGNETTE, l[=o]r-nyet', _n._ an opera-glass.--_n._ LOR'GNON, an eye-glass with a handle. [Fr.]

LORICA, lo-r[=i]'ka, _n._ in ancient Rome, a cuirass made of thongs--also LOR'IC (_Browning_).--_v.t._ LOR'IC[=A]TE, to furnish with a coat-of-mail: to plate or coat over.--_adj._ covered with defensive armour: imbricated.--_n._ LORIC[=A]'TION, a coating or crusting over, as with plates of mail. [L.,--_lorum_, a thong.]

LORIKEET, lor-i-k[=e]t', _n._ a small parrot, a kind of lory.

LORIMER, lor'i-m[.e]r, _n._ a maker of horse-furniture.--Also LOR'INER. [Fr. _lormier_--L. _lorum_, a thong.]

LORIOT, l[=o]'ri-ut, _n._ the oriole. [Fr. _le_, the, _oriol_--L. _aureolus_, dim. of _aureus_, golden--_aurum_, gold.]

LORIS, l[=o]'ris, _n._ the slender lemur of Ceylon.

LORN, lorn, _adj._ (_Spens._) lost, forsaken. [A.S. _loren_, pa.p. of _leósan_, to lose.]

LORRY, lor'i, _n._ a four-wheeled wagon without sides. [Perh. from prov. Eng. _lurry_, to pull.]

LORY, l[=o]'ri, _n._ a common name for the members of a family of Australian parrots. [Malay.]

LOSE, l[=oo]z, _v.t._ to be deprived of: to cease to have: to mislay: to waste, as time: to miss: to bewilder: to cause to perish: to ruin.--_v.i._ to fail, to be unsuccessful: to suffer waste:--_pr.p._ los'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ lost.--_adj._ LOS'ABLE.--_n._ LOS'ER.--_adj._ LOS'ING, causing loss.--_adv._ LOS'INGLY.--_n._ LOSS, the act of losing: injury: destruction: defeat: that which is lost: waste.--_adj._ LOST, parted with: no longer possessed: missing: thrown away: squandered: ruined.--LOSE ONE'S SELF, to lose one's way, to become bewildered; LOST TO, insensible to; LOST TRIBES, the tribes of Israel which never returned from captivity.--AT A LOSS, in uncertainty. [A.S. _losian_--_leósan_; cog. with Ger. _ver-lieren_, to lose.]

LOSEL, l[=o]'zel, _n._ a sorry, worthless fellow: a scamp.--_adj._ slothful: wasteful--_n._ L[=O]'SELISM, worthlessness, worthless fellows collectively. [Prob. _lose_.]

LÖSS. See LOESS.

LOT, lot, _n._ one's fate in the future: destiny: that which falls to any one as his fortune: that which decides by chance: a separate portion.--_v.t._ to allot: to separate into lots: to catalogue:--_pr.p._ lot'ting; _pa.p._ lot'ted.--CAST, or DRAW, lots, to determine an event by some arrangement of chances. [A.S. _hlot_, _hlýt_, a lot--_hleótan_, to cast lots.]

LOTAH, l[=o]'ta, _n._ a Hindu small brass or copper pot.

LOTE. See LOTUS.

LOTH, l[=o]th, _adj._ Same as LOATHFUL, LOATHLY.

LOTHARIO, l[=o]-th[=a]'ri-[=o], _n._ a libertine, rake. [From _Lothario_, in Rowe's play, _The Fair Penitent_.]

LOTION, l[=o]'shun, _n._ a liquid preparation for healing or cleansing any diseased or bruised part. [Fr.,--L.,--_lav[=a]re lotum_, to wash.]

LOTTERY, lot'[.e]r-i, _n._ a distribution of prizes by lot or chance: a game of chance.

LOTTO, lot'[=o], _n._ a game played with numbered discs and cards.--Also LOT'O. [It.]

LOTUS, l[=o]'tus, _n._ the water-lily of Egypt: a tree in North Africa, whose fruit made strangers forget their home: a genus of leguminous plants--also LOTE, L[=O]'TOS.--_ns.pl._ LOT[=O]'PHAGI, L[=O]'TUS-EAT'ERS, a people who ate the fruit of the lotus, among whom Ulysses lived for a time.--_ns._ L[=O]'TUS-EAT'ER, an eater of the lotus: one given up to sloth; L[=O]'TUS-LAND, the country of the lotus-eaters. [Gr.]

LOUD, lowd, _adj._ making a great sound: noisy: showy.--_advs._ LOUD, LOUD'LY.--_adj._ LOUD'-LUNGED, vociferous.--_n._ LOUD'NESS.--_adj._ LOUD'-VOICED, stentorian. [A.S, _hlúd_; Ger. _laut_, sound; L. _inclytus_, renowned, Gr. _klytos_, heard.]

LOUGH, loh, _n._ the Irish form of _loch_.

LOUIS, l[=oo]'i, _n._ a French gold coin superseded in 1795 by the 20-franc piece--also LOU'IS-D'OR.--_adjs._ LOU'IS-QUATORZE', characteristic of the reign of LOUIS XIV. (1643-1715), in architecture and decoration; LOU'IS-QUINZE, of that of Louis XV. (1715-74); LOU'IS-SEIZE, of that of Louis XVI. (1774-92); LOU'IS-TREIZE, of that of Louis XIII. (1610-43).

LOUNDER, lown'd[.e]r, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to beat.--_n._ a heavy blow.--_n._ LOUN'DERING, a beating.

LOUNGE, lownj, _v.i._ to recline at one's ease: to move about listlessly.--_n._ the act or state of lounging: an idle stroll: a place for lounging: a kind of sofa.--_n._ LOUNG'ER. [Fr. _longis_, one that is long in doing anything, formed (but with a pun on L. _longus_, long) from L. _Longius_ or _Longinus_, the legendary name of the centurion who pierced the body of Christ.]

LOUP, l[=oo]p, _n._ (_Spens._) loop.

LOUP, lowp, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to leap.--_ns._ LOUP'ING-ILL, a disease causing sheep to spring up in walking; LOUP'ING-ON'-STANE, a stone from which to mount a horse; LOUP'-THE-DYKE', runaway.

LOUR, lowr, _v.i._ Same as _lower_, to frown.

LOUSE, lows, _n._ a common wingless parasitic insect, with a flat body, and short legs furnished with claws:--_pl._ LICE (l[=i]s).--_v.t._ (_obs._) to remove lice from.--_n._ LOUS'INESS.--_adj._ LOUS'Y, swarming with lice. [A.S. _lús_, pl. _lýs_; Ger. _laus_; from the root of Goth. _liusan_, to destroy.]

LOUT, lowt, _n._ a clown, awkward fellow.--_v.t._ to treat as a lout.--_v.i._ to bend.--_adj._ LOUT'ISH, clownish: awkward and clumsy.--_adv._ LOUT'ISHLY.--_n._ LOUT'ISHNESS. [A.S. _lútan_, to stoop.]

LOUVRE, LOUVER, l[=oo]'v[.e]r, _n._ an opening of a turret shape on roofs, to allow the smoke or foul air to escape from halls, kitchens, &c.--_n._ LOU'VRE-WIN'DOW, an open window in a church tower, crossed by a series of sloping boards. [O. Fr. _louvert_ for _l'ouvert_, the open space.]

LOVAGE, luv'[=a]j, _n._ a genus of plants of the natural order _Umbelliferæ_, allied to Angelica, used as a salad plant: a liquor made from the above. [O. Fr. _luvesche_--L. _ligusticum_, belonging to Liguria.]

LOVE, luv, _n._ fondness: an affection of the mind caused by that which delights: pre-eminent kindness: benevolence: reverential regard: devoted attachment to one of the opposite sex: the object of affection: the god of love, Cupid: (_Shak._) a kindness, a favour done: nothing, in billiards, tennis, and some other games.--_v.t._ to be fond of: to regard with affection: to delight in with exclusive affection: to regard with benevolence.--_v.i._ to have the feeling of love.--_adj._ LOV'ABLE, worthy of love: amiable.--_ns._ LOVE'-APP'LE, the fruit of the tomato; LOVE'BIRD, a genus of small birds of the parrot tribe, so called from their attachment to each other; LOVE'-BROK'ER (_Shak._), a third person who carries messages and makes assignations between lovers; LOVE'-CHARM, a philtre; LOVE'-CHILD, a bastard; LOVE'-DAY (_Shak._), a day for settling disputes; LOVE'-F[=A]'VOUR, something given to be worn in token of love; LOVE'-FEAST, a religious feast held periodically by certain sects of Christians in imitation of the love-feasts celebrated by the early Christians in connection with the Lord's-supper; LOVE'-FEAT, the gallant act of a lover; LOVE'-IN-[=I]'DLENESS, the heart's-ease; LOVE'-JUICE, a concoction used to excite love; LOVE'-KNOT, an intricate knot, used as a token of love.--_adj._ LOVE'LESS, without love, tenderness, or kindness.--_ns._ LOVE'-LETT'ER, a letter of courtship; LOVE'-LIES-BLEED'ING, a species of the plant Amaranthus; LOVE'LINESS; LOVE'LOCK, a lock of hair hanging at the ear, worn by men of fashion in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I.--_adj._ LOVE'LORN, forsaken by one's love.--_n._ LOVE'LORNNESS.--_adj._ LOVE'LY, exciting love or admiration: amiable: pleasing: delightful.--_adv._ beautifully, delightfully.--_ns._ LOVE'-MATCH, a marriage for love, not money; LOVE'-MONG'[.E]R, one who deals in affairs of love; LOVE'-P[=O]'TION, a philtre; LOV'ER, one who loves, esp. one in love with person of the opposite sex, in the singular almost exclusively of the man: one who is fond of anything: (_B._) a friend.--_adjs._ LOV'ERED (_Shak._), having a lover; LOV'ERLY, like a lover.--_n._ LOVE'-SHAFT, a dart of love from Cupid's bow.--_adjs._ LOVE'-SICK, languishing with amorous desire; LOVE'SOME, lovely.--_ns._ LOVE'-SUIT (_Shak._), courtship; LOVE'-T[=O]'KEN, a gift in evidence of love.--_adj._ LOV'ING, having love or kindness: affectionate: fond: expressing love.--_ns._ LOV'ING-CUP (see under CUP); LOV'ING-KIND'NESS, kindness full of love: tender regard: mercy: favour.--_adv._ LOV'INGLY.--_n._ LOV'INGNESS.--FOR LOVE OR MONEY, in some way or another; IN LOVE, enamoured; MAKE LOVE TO, to try to gain the affections of; PLAY FOR LOVE, to play without stakes; THERE'S NO LOVE LOST BETWEEN THEM, they have no regard for each other. [A.S. _lufu_, love; Ger. _liebe_; cf. L. _libet_, _lubet_.]

LOVELACE, luv'l[=a]s, _n._ a well-mannered libertine. [From _Lovelace_, the hero of _Clarissa Harlowe_.]

LOVER, an obsolete form of _louvre_.

LOW, l[=o], _v.i._ to make the loud noise of oxen: to bellow.--_n._ the bellow of oxen.--_n._ LOW'ING, the bellowing of cattle. [A.S. _hlówan_; Dut. _loeijen_; imit.]

LOW, l[=o], _adj._ (_comp._ LOW'ER; _superl._ LOW'EST) lying in an inferior place or position: not high: deep: shallow: small: moderate: cheap: dejected: mean: plain: in poor circumstances: humble.--_adv._ not aloft: cheaply: meanly: in subjection, poverty, or disgrace: in times near our own: not loudly: (_astron._) near the equator.--_adj._ LOW'-BORN, of mean birth.--_ns._ LOW'-CHURCH, a party within the Church of England minimising sacerdotal claims, ecclesiastical constitutions, ordinances, and forms, holding evangelical views of theology:--opp. to _High-church_; LOW'-CHURCH'ISM; LOW'-CHURCH'MAN.--_v.t._ LOW'ER, to bring low: to depress: to degrade: to diminish.--_v.i._ to fall: to sink: to grow less.--_adjs._ LOW'ER-CASE (_print._), kept in a lower case, denoting small letters as distinguished from capitals; LOW'ER-CLASS, pertaining to persons of the humbler ranks.--_n._ LOW'ERING, the act of bringing low or reducing.--_adj._ letting down: sinking: degrading.--_adj._ LOW'ERMOST, lowest.--_ns._ LOW'LAND, land low with respect to higher land; LOW'LANDER, a native of lowlands; LOW'-LIFE, humble life; LOW'LIHEAD, LOW'LIHOOD, a lowly or humble state; LOW'LINESS.--_adjs._ LOW'-LIVED, vulgar: shabby; LOW'LY, of a low or humble mind: not high: meek: modest; LOW'-MIND'ED, moved by base or gross motives: vulgar; LOW'-NECKED, cut low in the neck and away from the shoulders, décolleté.--_n._ LOW'NESS.--_adjs._ LOW'-PRESS'URE, employing or exerting a low degree of pressure (viz. less than 50 lb. to the sq. inch), said of steam and steam-engines; LOW'-SPIR'ITED, having the spirits low or cast down: not lively: sad.--_n._ LOW'-SPIR'ITEDNESS.--_adj._ LOW'-THOUGHT'ED, having the thoughts directed to low pursuits.--_n._ LOW'-WA'TER, the lowest point of the tide at ebb.--LOW LATIN, a term often applied loosely to the Latin spoken and written after the fall of the Roman Empire, as well as during the Middle Ages; LOW SUNDAY, the first Sunday after Easter, so called in contrast to the great festival whose octave it ends; LOW WINES, the weak spirit produced from the first distillation of substances containing alcohol.--LIE LOW, to keep quiet or hidden. [Ice. _lágr_, Dut. _laag_, low; allied to A.S. _licgan_, to lie.]

LOW, low, _n._ (_Scot._) a flame.--_v.i._ to blaze.--_n._ LOW'-BELL, a bell used in fowling by night, in connection with a light, to frighten birds into a net. [Ice. _logi_; cf. Dan. _lue_, Ger. _lohe_.]

LOWER, low'[.e]r, _v.i._ to appear gloomy, as the clouds: to threaten a storm: to frown.--_adjs._ LOU'RY, LOW'ERY, cloudy; LOW'ERING, looking sullen: appearing dark and threatening.--_adv._ LOW'ERINGLY. [M. E. _louren_, from M. E. _lure_, _lere_, the cheek, allied to A.S. _hleór_, and thus a variant of _leer_.]

LOWN, lown, _n._ a variant of _loon_.

LOWN, lown, _adj._ (_Scot._) sheltered, tranquil.

LOXIA, lok'si-a, _n._ wryneck. [Gr.]

LOXODROMIC, lok-so-drom'ik, _adj._ pertaining to certain lines on the surface of a sphere which cut all meridians at the same angle, and indicate the course held by ships in rhumb sailing.--LOXODROMIC CURVE, line, or spiral, the course of a ship oblique to the equator and cutting all the meridians at the same angle, sailing constantly toward the same point of the compass.--LOXODROMICS, the art of such oblique sailing. [Gr. _loxos_, oblique, _dromos_, a course.]